SÃO PAULO—Brazil’s economic growth disappointed in 2018 after a truckers strike almost halfway through the year slammed manufacturing, and government- and consumer-spending restraint sapped demand.

Gross domestic product increased 1.1% during 2018, and expanded at the same pace in the fourth quarter from a year earlier, Brazilian statistics agency IBGE said Thursday. GDP grew a seasonally adjusted 0.1% in the fourth quarter from the previous period, compared with revised growth of 0.5% in the third quarter.

The...