Boeing Co. said Chief Executive Jim McNerney will step aside next week after a tumultuous decade at the aerospace giant and hand over the top job to one of his lieutenants.

Mr. McNerney, 65 years old, is retiring at the end of February 2016 after a transition period, but will continue on in his role as chairman. He said in an interview he will remain on the board “for the foreseeable future. Until such time that I start getting in the way.”

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