Critics of the bill say it will relegate Muslim women wearing the hijab to second-class citizens.

The Canadian province of Quebec has introduced legislation that will ban public sector employees from wearing religious symbols during work hours, a controversial move that critics say targets Muslim women who wear hijabs or other head coverings.

It will also apply to crucifixes and yarmulkes.

The proposed law, introduced on Thursday, sets the province’s right-leaning Coalition Avenir Quebec (CAQ) government on a collision course with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, who promotes religious freedom, in a federal election year with Quebec a vital battleground.

“It is unthinkable to me that in a free society we would legitimise discrimination against citizens based on their religion,” Trudeau told reporters in Halifax on Thursday.

The legislation, which is expected to pass, will cover public workers in positions of authority, including teachers, judges and police officers. It exempts current government employees and civil servants in the mainly French-speaking province.

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The bill asserts that secularity “should be affirmed in a manner that ensures a balance between the collective rights of the Quebec nation and human rights and freedoms”.

Governments in Quebec have been trying for years to restrict civil servants from wearing overt religious symbols like headscarves, turbans and Jewish skullcaps at work in an effort to cement a secular society.

A ban on full-face coverings on anyone giving or receiving public services in Quebec passed in 2017, but was suspended by a Canadian judge last June and remains in legal limbo.

Condemnation over bill

The CAQ was elected late last year in part on pledges to restrict immigration and impose a secular charter. Quebec Premier Francois Legault told reporters on Thursday the bill “represents our values and it’s important”.

But condemnation was quick, with Jewish advocacy group B’nai Brith calling the bill “an assault on the fundamental rights and freedoms of Quebecers”, while the National Council of Canadian Muslims said it will make Muslims and other minorities “second-class citizens” and overwhelmingly affect Muslim women.

Montreal Mayor Valerie Plante voiced “serious concern about the message that this bill sends to minorities about their fundamental rights”.

The important thing, she said, was that the process of making laws was secular, not that people divested themselves of religious attire and symbols.

Teachers unions said they would not enforce the law, while pundits and the government’s own lawyers, according to reports, anticipate a court challenge for contravening Canadians’ Charter right to personal religious freedom.

This is the fourth attempt by successive Quebec governments to try to get the bill turned into law.

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Like France, which passed a ban on veils, crosses and other religious symbols in schools in 2004, Quebec has struggled to reconcile its secular identity with a growing Muslim population, many of them North African emigrants.

Eight other European countries enforce restrictions on religious attire.

While the Quebec legislation does not single out any religion by name, Muslim headgear has long been a source of public debate in Quebec.

Quebec’s minister for the status of women drew condemnation from opposition politicians earlier this year after she said the hijab (a headscarf worn by many Muslim women who feel it is part of their religion) is a symbol of female oppression.

And a Montreal-area municipal politician faced backlash this weekend after she wrote a Facebook post expressing her anger over being treated by a doctor wearing a hijab, calling the headscarf a symbol of the “Islamification of our country”.

To shield the new legislation from legal challenges, the Quebec government is invoking a rarely used clause that enables it to override the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom for up to five years.