As the final ballots are counted in New Hampshire’s 2020 primary, some are comparing impressive turnout numbers to 2008, when nearly 288,000 voters logged their preference in the Democratic race. But to appreciate what happened Tuesday night, it’s important to compare apples to apples — or in this case, elections to elections.

Three other times in the past 24 years — once every eight years to be precise — the presidential primaries have featured an out-of-office party seeking a nominee to face an incumbent president. 2008 was a free-for-all, with both Republicans and Democrats searching for a new standard-bearer.

But with President Trump Donald John TrumpHR McMaster says president's policy to withdraw troops from Afghanistan is 'unwise' Cast of 'Parks and Rec' reunite for virtual town hall to address Wisconsin voters Biden says Trump should step down over coronavirus response MORE firmly entrenched as the GOP’s leader, one of the biggest questions heading into Tuesday was whether Democrats and independents (and as always in a state like New Hampshire, some curious or mischievous Republicans) would demonstrate more enthusiasm than similarly positioned challengers in 1996, 2004, and 2012.

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In ’96, Republicans battled to prevent President Bill Clinton William (Bill) Jefferson ClintonD-Day for Trump: September 29 Trump job approval locked at 42 percent: Gallup If Trump doesn't know why he should be president again, how can voters? MORE from earning a second term. New Hampshire voters handed Clinton an easy victory on (as expected) low turnout. On the GOP side, Patrick Buchanan scored a narrow upset over Sen. Bob Dole (R-Kan.), leaving about a half-dozen candidates in their wake. A total of 208,740 ballots were cast for Republicans. That November, Clinton was re-elected comfortably.

Eight years later, with George W. Bush in the Oval Office, it was the Democrats’ turn to pick their nominee.

In New Hampshire, John Kerry John Forbes KerryThe Memo: Warning signs flash for Trump on debates Divided country, divided church TV ads favored Biden 2-1 in past month MORE handing Howard Dean a second consecutive defeat, propelling Kerry into a frontrunner role he never relinquished. But while his 38-percent share was impressive, only 219,787 people voted Democratic — a lukewarm five percent jump from Republicans’ 1996 total. Kerry lost that November.

Fast-forward another eight years, and it’s once again the Democrats’ turn to protect their claim to the White House. While Barack Obama Barack Hussein ObamaThe Hill's 12:30 Report - Presented by Facebook - Don't expect a government check anytime soon Trump appointees stymie recommendations to boost minority voting: report Obama's first presidential memoir, 'A Promised Land,' set for November release MORE breezed through the primaries, the GOP race witnessed several lead changes in the fall of 2011.

Former Massachusetts Governor Sen. Mitt Romney Willard (Mitt) Mitt RomneyGOP-led panel to hear from former official who said Burisma was not a factor in US policy Joe Biden's dangerous view of 'normalcy' The electoral reality that the media ignores MORE (R-Utah) got hot at the right time and scored a sizable New Hampshire win, netting 39.3 percent of the vote. 248,485 GOP ballots were cast — an 11.5 percent increase over Democrats’ 2004 total. Obama defeated Romney in November.

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And that brings us to this week in New Hampshire. With about 97 percent of ballots counted, Democratic candidates have received 294,707 votes — 15.7 percent higher than Republicans’ 2012 total. When the counting is completed, the jump likely will exceed 16 or 17 percent.

That is meaningful. Will it continue throughout the primary season? Who knows. Many factors contribute to voter turnout. But after a disastrous Iowa caucus, this is the jolt Democrats needed. Compared to smaller turnout bumps from 1996 to 2004, and then from 2004 to 2012, this year’s jump shows New Hampshire voters are highly invested in who becomes the Democratic nominee.

B.J. Rudell is associate director of Polis: Duke University’s Center for Politics, part of the Sanford School of Public Policy. In a career encompassing stints on Capitol Hill, on a presidential campaign, in a newsroom, in classrooms, and for a consulting firm, he has authored three books and has shared political insights across all media platforms, including for CNN and Fox News.