The report, published Monday by the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on Myanmar, identified six generals, including the commander in chief of Myanmar’s army, Senior Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, whom the mission said should be singled out for investigation and prosecution. It also accused the country’s civilian leader, the Nobel laureate Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, of abetting the crimes by failing to speak out against them.

The international system provides few tools for punishing the perpetrators of even the most egregious crimes against humanity. Sweden’s ambassador, Carl Skau, reiterated calls to refer perpetrators to the International Criminal Court. The United States, European Union and Canada have imposed sanctions against specific officials.

But any action in the Security Council is likely to be blocked by Russia and China, permanent members with veto power, that have consistently impeded efforts to punish Myanmar as they have sought to cultivate relations with the country’s military leaders.

General Min Aung Hlaing, who at the height of the violence last year spoke of “taking great care in solving” the Rohingya problem, was in Moscow this month for a weapons exposition. He later thanked the Kremlin for its support “in solving the problems in northern Rakhine State,” the epicenter of last year’s violence.

At the Security Council on Tuesday, the ambassadors from Russia and China offered no criticism of the Myanmar authorities and all but called on other countries to back off. The crisis, they said, should be solved by Myanmar and its neighbor Bangladesh, where most of the nearly 725,000 Rohingya refugees fled after the violence.