LONDON/FRANKFURT (Reuters) - Space rockets and satellites are likely to cost more to insure after the European Vega rocket crash this month, which hit insurers with a record space market loss of 369 million euros ($411.21 million), insurance industry sources say.

FILE PHOTO: This color image of Earth, taken by NASA's Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera, a four megapixel CCD camera and telescope on July 6, 2015, and released on July 20, 2015. REUTERS/NASA/Handout via Reuters/File Photo

The Vega rocket carrying a military observation satellite for the United Arab Emirates veered off course shortly after take-off and crashed.

Prior to the accident, Italian aerospace company Avio Aero AVI.MI, which built the Vega, said it had a 100% success rate.

The insurance loss for the rocket and satellite represents the largest recorded loss in the space market, satellite analysis firm Seradata said.

Until now, insurance premiums for commercial satellite and rocket accidents have been falling due to strong competition among insurers and improved rocket reliability.

But that could change in the aftermath of the Vega crash, leading to higher costs for space rocket launches.

"Space insurers have suffered two major claims within the past year and the cost of these losses far exceeds the premiums earned in this sector," said Nick Brown, group chief executive at insurer Global Aerospace, which is backed by major reinsurers Munich Re and Berkshire Hathaway BRKa.N.

“Insurance rates for both launch and in-orbit have been at historically low levels and ... need to increase significantly.”

The Vega loss follows the failure of Maxar Technologies' MAXR.N WorldView-4 imaging satellite in January, resulting in a $183 million insurance claim.

Last year, space insurance payouts were $600 million, according to Seradata SpaceTrak data, outpacing premiums of around $450 million.

“Space rates could double as a result of this (Vega) failure combined with poor results last year,” said one insurer, who said the Vega loss alone was expected to cancel out the whole of 2019 global space premium, with further launch and in-orbit risks still remaining for the year.

There were 114 space launches globally in 2018, according to Avio Aero, builder of the European Vega launcher.

Unlike with most car insurance, cover for satellites or rockets is not compulsory. Only 60% of satellites launched in 2017 were insured, according to insurer Mapfre MAP.MC.

For those who do buy insurance, an all-risk policy covers damage of any kind and there is also liability cover available, in case a rocket hits something belonging to someone else.

Space insurance providers include the specialist Lloyd's of London market and insurance heavyweights AIG AIG.N, AXA AXAF.PA and Allianz ALVG.DE, as well as reinsurers like Munich Re MUVGn.DE.

Munich Re said earlier this month it was one of the insurers of the Vega policy. Aon AON.N was the broker, two sources told Reuters. Aon declined to comment.

Global Aerospace said it did not insure the Vega launcher.

Prices to insure satellites against damage have fallen by 50% in the past two to three years, one insurer said.

Space insurance premiums have dropped 75% in the past 15 years and 60% in the past 10, said a second insurance source, who expected rates to bounce after the recent losses.

But due to the intense competition in the insurance industry, a rise in premiums is not guaranteed.

David Todd, head of space content at Seradata, said it hinged on whether significant insurance underwriting capacity started to leave the market.

Andreas Berger, a Swiss Re SRENH.S board member in charge of the corporate insurance arm, said on Wednesday that the company would be reducing its exposure to the space industry, as part of an overhaul of the loss-making division.

Space tourism will add a new dimension as space passengers may also want insurance.

U.S. space agency NASA plans to allow private citizens to stay at the International Space Station for month-long getaways at a cost of about $35,000 per night, with the first mission as early as 2020.

British billionaire Richard Branson’s Virgin Galactic is also competing with Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin in the race for space.

Space travel could straddle both the space and aviation insurance sectors.

“The advent of space tourism represents a completely new area of risk for insurers,” Global Aerospace’s Brown said.