Accelerating erosion due to thawing permafrost is causing subsidence and threatening crucial infrastructure in some settlements in North America, forcing people to make plans to relocate entire villages, officials have said.

One such settlement is the village of Quinhagak, on the Bering Sea, where the Kanektok River is eroding large chunks of its banks and surrounding land on one side, and the sea is claiming land on the other.

Problems with erosion in the village were reported in 2012 – a year after the settlement first had running water, but a warming climate means the rate of erosion has risen, according to local news outlet Alaska Energy Desk.

One of the community’s biggest concerns is regarding sewage waste, which flows into an artificial lake near the sea. The coastal erosion is now threatening to break through the ground to reach the sewage and could release it into the sea, which would be a disaster as the bay is an important food source.

The village’s laundrette and health clinic are also affected, with subsidence creating large cracks in buildings.

Penguin habitats threatened by climate change Show all 9 1 /9 Penguin habitats threatened by climate change Penguin habitats threatened by climate change Gentoo penguins on Ardley Island, Antarctic, where global warming has affected the glaciers that the penguins live on and has brought new species to compete with AFP/Getty Penguin habitats threatened by climate change Gentoo penguins on Ardley Island, Antarctic, where global warming has affected the glaciers that the penguins live on and has brought new species to compete with AFP/Getty Penguin habitats threatened by climate change Gentoo penguins in Cuverville Island, designated as an Important Bird Island. These penguins feed on krill but krill is growing scarcer due to climate change AFP/Getty Penguin habitats threatened by climate change Penguins on Ardley Island, Antarctic, where global warming has affected the glaciers that the penguins live on and has brought new species to compete with AFP/Getty Penguin habitats threatened by climate change Gentoo penguins in Cuverville Island, designated as an Important Bird Island. These penguins feed on krill but krill is growing scarcer due to climate change AFP/Getty Penguin habitats threatened by climate change Chinstrap penguins on King George Island. Global warming has affected the glaciers that the penguins live on and has brought new species to compete with AFP/Getty Penguin habitats threatened by climate change Gentoo penguins in Cuverville Island, designated as an Important Bird Island. These penguins feed on krill but krill is growing scarcer due to climate change AFP/Getty Penguin habitats threatened by climate change A penguin and a seal. Global warming has affected the glaciers that these animals live on and has brought new species to compete with AFP/Getty Penguin habitats threatened by climate change Gentoo penguins on Ardley Island, Antarctic, where global warming has affected the glaciers that the penguins live on and has brought new species to compete with AFP/Getty

Despite efforts since 2012 to mitigate the effects, which included the installation of thermosiphons, designed to keep the ground frozen, the overall rate of warming has been too fast.

The village’s airstrip and water treatment facilities have also been affected.

Warren Jones, the president of the village’s corporation, Qanirtuuq Inc, told Alaska Energy Desk: “I think it’s time to start preparing. It’s coming. There’s no other way about it.

“We have to relocate to better ground, get these engineers out here with their certificates and say, ‘This is good land,’ even though our elders already know what land to pick.”

For now it is thought the sewage facility will be reinforced, and plans will be drawn up for uprooting the village and resettling.