Image caption Are universities selectively choosing from ranking results?

Universities in the UK are being challenged over marketing claims to students that they are in the "top 1%" of the world's universities.

The University of Reading is going to have to take down such a claim after a complaint to the advertising watchdog.

University rankings are increasingly influential for recruitment, particularly for overseas students.

In the new World University Rankings, the top three are US universities - MIT, Stanford and Harvard.

Cambridge is the highest ranked UK university, with three other UK universities in the top 10 of this global league table.

Advertising to students

But the Advertising Standards Authority has been examining a complaint about how university rankings are used in marketing.

A description of the University of Reading as being in the top 1% worldwide had been challenged by a complainant, who said such a figure could not be substantiated and could be misleading.

The advertising watchdog says that this has been "informally resolved", with the university agreeing that it will remove the claim, without going ahead with a formal investigation or ruling.

Top 10 QS World University Rankings

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Stanford Harvard California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Cambridge Oxford University College London Imperial College London Chicago ETH Zurich

There are many different university rankings, including for individual subjects as well as for institutions, and the results are often used as evidence of international status.

And the challenge over how such rankings are used in marketing will have implications for many other universities.

Southampton uses the claim "In the top 1% of universities worldwide" on its website, Liverpool says it is in the "top 1%" and Queen's University Belfast describes itself as "In the top one per cent of world universities."

Charles Heymann, the University of Reading's head of corporate communications, welcomed the clarification over how universities can present global rankings.

Image copyright University of Reading Image caption The University of Reading appears in the top 200 of global rankings

"It now needs to investigate every single other UK university which claims it is in the top 1% in the world, rather than waiting for individual complaints to be made," he said of the ASA.

Mr Heymann said that Reading was in the top 200 of the Times Higher Education and QS rankings.

"Like dozens of other UK universities in recent years, we judged this put us in the top 1% out of an estimated 20,000 institutions internationally," he said.

"We accept, though, the ASA's view that this could not be proved given no league table assesses every single university worldwide."

London top city

The latest annual findings of one of the most high profile rankings have been published, listing almost 1,000 universities.

The QS World University Rankings shows the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) once again rated as the world's best, with the top three unchanged from last year.

Image caption The University of Southampton also uses the top 1% claim

The rankings take into account factors such as research publications and citation, the views of academics and employers and levels of international engagement.

Cambridge, Oxford, UCL and Imperial are all in the top 10, but there has been an overall downward trend for UK universities.

There are 76 UK universities in the international rankings, but the compilers say 51 of them are in a lower place than last year.

But London has among the highest concentrations of top universities, with four universities in the top 50 and 17 in the overall rankings.

QS World University Rankings: UK universities in the top 200

5. Cambridge

6. Oxford

7. University College London

8. Imperial College London

23. King's College London

23. Edinburgh

34. Manchester

35. London School of Economics and Political Science

44. Bristol

57. Warwick

65. Glasgow

78. Durham

82. Sheffield

84. Nottingham

84. Birmingham

92. St Andrews

101. Leeds

102. Southampton

127. Queen Mary, University of London

135. Lancaster

135. York

137. Cardiff

158. Aberdeen

158. Exeter

160. Bath

161. Newcastle

173. Liverpool

188. Reading

Ben Sowter, head of research for the QS rankings, says that he is confident that the University of Reading could be described as being "amongst the top 1% in the world".

He says that there are estimates of 20,000 and 26,000 for the number of universities in the world.

But he says that any institutions rated in the top 200 of the World University Rankings would be in this top 1% worldwide.

Nick Hillman, director of the Higher Education Policy Institute, blamed a lack of funding for the overall slip in rankings for UK universities.

"The competitiveness of UK universities has been affected by austerity. In particular, tuition fees have been frozen for five years and research funding has not grown as fast as in some other countries," said Mr Hillman.