SPACECRAFT CREW LAUNCH RETURN DURATION REMARKS

Vostok 1 (USSR) Yuri Gagarin 12-Apr-61 12-Apr-61 1h:48m First manned space flight (1 orbit).

Mercury-Redstone 3 (USA) Alan Shepard 5-May-61 5-May-61 15m:22s First American in space (suborbital). Freedom 7.

Mercury-Redstone 4 (USA) Virgil Grissom 21-Jul-61 21-Jul-61 15m:37s Second suborbital flight; spacecraft sank, Grissom rescued. Liberty Bell 7.

Vostok 2 (USSR) Gherman Titov 6-Aug-61 7-Aug-61 1d:01h:18m First flight longer than 24 hours (17 orbits).

Mercury-Atlas 6 (USA) John Glenn 20-Feb-62 20-Feb-62 04h:55m First American in orbit (3 orbits); telemetry falsely indicated heatshield unlatched. Friendship 7.

Mercury-Atlas 7 (USA) Scott Carpenter 24-May-62 24-May-62 04h:56m Initiated space flight experiments; manual retrofire error caused 250 mile landing overshoot. Aurora 7.

Vostok 3 (USSR) Andrian Nikolayev 11-Aug-62 15-Aug-62 3d:22h:22m First twinned flight, with Vostok 4.

Vostok 4 (USSR) Pavel Popovich 12-Aug-62 15-Aug-62 2d:22h:57m First twinned flight. On first orbit came within 3 miles of Vostok 3.

Mercury-Atlas 8 (USA) Walter Schirra 3-Oct-62 3-Oct-62 09h:13m Developed techniques for long duration missions (6 orbits); closest splashdown to target to date (4.5 miles). Sigma 7.

Mercury-Atlas 9 (USA) Gordon Cooper 15-May-63 16-May-63 1d:10h:20m First U.S. evaluation of effects of one day in space (22 orbits); performed manual reentry after systems failure, landing 4 miles from target. Faith 7.

Vostok 5 (USSR) Valeri Bykovsky 14-Jun-63 19-Jun-63 4d:23h:08m Second twinned flight, with Vostok 6.

Vostok 6 (USSR) Valentina Tereshkova 16-Jun-63 19-Jun-63 2d:22h:51m First woman in space; passed within 3 miles of Vostok 5.

X-15, Flight 90 (USA) Walker, Joseph 19-Jul-63 19-Jul-63 11m:24s First rocket-powered aircraft to reach space (FAI definition); sub-orbital reaching 347,800 feet (106,010 m) altitude.

X-15, Flight 91 (USA) Walker, Joseph 22-Aug-63 22-Aug-63 11m:09s Rocket-powered aircraft; sub-orbital reaching 354,200 feet (107,960 m) altitude.

Voskhod 1 (USSR) Vladimir Komarov, Konstantin Feoktistov, Boris Yegorov 12-Oct-64 13-Oct-64 1d:00h:17m Modified Vostok; first three man crew in space; first without space suits.

Voskhod 2 (USSR) Pavel Belyayev, Alexei Leonov 18-Mar-65 19-Mar-65 1d:02h:02m Modified Vostok; first spacewalk by Leonov (10 min) via inflatable airlock.

Gemini 3 (USA) Virgil Grissom, John Young 23-Mar-65 23-Mar-65 04h:53m First American two man crew; first piloted spacecraft to change its orbital path; first computer, allowing onboard calculation of maneuvers.

Gemini 4 (USA) James McDivitt, Edward White 3-Jun-65 7-Jun-65 4d:01h:56m First American spacewalk by White (21 min); first US 4-day flight; manual reentry made after computer failure.

Gemini 5 (USA) Gordon Cooper, Charles Conrad 21-Aug-65 29-Aug-65 7d:22h:55m First use of fuel cells for electric power; evaluated guidance and navigation system.

Gemini 7 (USA) Frank Borman, James Lovell 4-Dec-65 18-Dec-65 13d:18h:35m Longest US flight for 8 years (206 orbits), record until Soyuz 9; rendezvous with Gemini 6.

Gemini 6 (USA) Walter Schirra, Thomas Stafford 15-Dec-65 16-Dec-65 1d:01h:51m First manned rendezvous, to within 2 feet of Gemini 7 (as planned Agena was lost).

Gemini 8 (USA) Neil Armstrong, David Scott 16-Mar-66 17-Mar-66 10h:41m First docking (with Agena) of one space vehicle with another; emergency reentry after control malfunction; first Pacific landing.

Gemini 9 (USA) Thomas Stafford, Eugene Cernan 3-Jun-66 6-Jun-66 3d:00h:21m 127 min EVA by Cernan; rendezvous but no docking with target; landed 1/2 mile from recovery ship.

Gemini 10 (USA) John Young, Michael Collins 18-Jul-66 21-Jul-66 2d:22h:47m Docked with Agena 10 and used engine to attain record 474 mile (763 km) altitude; rendezvous with Agena 8; 39 min EVA + 49 min SEVA by Collins.

Gemini 11 (USA) Charles Conrad, Richard Gordon 12-Sep-66 15-Sep-66 2d:23h:17m Used Agena engine to attain record 850 mile (1369 km) altitude; 33 min EVA + 128 min SEVA by Gordon; connected Gemini and Agena by tether; first automatic computer-guided reentry.

Gemini 12 (USA) James Lovell, Edwin Aldrin 11-Nov-66 15-Nov-66 3d:22h:35m Final Gemini mission; Agena docking; 126 min EVA + 2 SEVA totaling 204 min by Aldrin; first work carried out during a EVA; automatic computer-guided reentry.

Soyuz 1 (USSR) Vladimir Komarov 23-Apr-67 24-Apr-67 1d:02h:48m Retroparachute failed to open, causing cosmonaut to be killed.

Apollo 7 (USA) Walter Schirra, Donn Eisele, Walter Cunningham 11-Oct-68 22-Oct-68 10d:20h:09m First piloted flight of Apollo spacecraft, command-service module only; first US 3-man flight; live TV footage of crew.

Soyuz 3 (USSR) Georgi Beregovoi 26-Oct-68 30-Oct-68 3d:22h:51m Rendezvous with unmanned Soyuz 2.

Apollo 8 (USA) Frank Borman, James Lovell, William Anders 21-Dec-68 27-Dec-68 6d:03h:01m First manned lunar orbit and piloted lunar return reentry (CSM only); first manned Saturn V; views of lunar surface televised to Earth.

Soyuz 4 (USSR) Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev (down), Yevgeni Khrunov (down) 14-Jan-69 17-Jan-69 2d:23h:21m First docking of two piloted spacecraft, with Soyuz 5.

Soyuz 5 (USSR) Boris Volynov, Aleksei Yeliseyev (up), Yevgeni Khrunov (up) 15-Jan-69 18-Jan-69 3d:00h:54m Docked with Soyuz 4; Yeliseyev and Khrunov transfered by EVA to Soyuz 4.

Apollo 9 (USA) James McDivitt, David Scott, Russell Schweickart 3-Mar-69 13-Mar-69 10d:01h:01m First piloted flight of lunar module (Earth orbit); 46 min Schweickart EVA tested lunar suit + 61 min SEVA by Scott.

Apollo 10 (USA) Thomas Stafford, John Young, Eugene Cernan 18-May-69 26-May-69 8d:00h:03m First lunar module orbit of Moon, descent to within 50,000 feet (15,000 meters) of Moon's surface; holds manned speed record, 6.8863 mi/s (11.0825 km/s) at atmosphere entry.

Apollo 11 (USA) Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin Aldrin 16-Jul-69 24-Jul-69 8d:03h:19m First lunar landing made by Armstrong and Aldrin (20-Jul); 151 min lunar EVA; collected 48.5 lb (22 kg) of soil & rock samples; lunar stay time 21h:36m.

Soyuz 6 (USSR) Georgi Shonin, Valeri Kubasov 11-Oct-69 16-Oct-69 4d:22h:43m Rendezvous with Soyuz 7/8; first welding of metals in space.

Soyuz 7 (USSR) Anatoli Filipchenko, Vladislav Volkov, Viktor Gorbatko 12-Oct-69 17-Oct-69 4d:22h:40m Triple rendezvous with Soyuz 6/8; space lab construction test made; first time 3 spacecraft, 7 crew members orbited the Earth at once.

Soyuz 8 (USSR) Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev 13-Oct-69 18-Oct-69 4d:22h:51m Triple rendezvous with Soyuz 6/7; part of space lab construction team.

Apollo 12 (USA) Charles Conrad, Richard Gordon, Alan Bean 14-Nov-69 24-Nov-69 10d:04h:36m Conrad and Bean made second Moon landing; 2 lunar EVAs totaling 465 min; collected 74.7 lb (33.9 kg) of samples; lunar stay time 31h:31m.

Apollo 13 (USA) James Lovell, John Swigart, Fred Haise 11-Apr-70 17-Apr-70 5d:22h:55m Mission aborted following service module oxygen tank explosion; crew returned safely using lunar module; circumlunar return; holds manned altitude record, 248,665 miles (400,187 km) above Earth's surface.

Soyuz 9 (USSR) Andrian Nikolayev, Vitali Sevastyanov 1-Jun-70 19-Jun-70 17d:16h:59m This flight marked the beginning of working in space under weightless conditions; endurance record for solo craft remains.

Apollo 14 (USA) Alan Shepard, Stuart Roosa, Edgar Mitchell 31-Jan-71 9-Feb-71 9d:00h:02m Shepard and Mitchell made third Moon landing; 2 lunar EVAs totaling 563 min; collected 96 lb (43.5 kg) of lunar samples; lunar stay time 33h:31m.

Salyut 1 (USSR) Unmanned space station 19-Apr-71 11-Oct-71 175d First space station; occupied by Soyuz 11 crew for 23 days.

Soyuz 10 (USSR) Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev, Nikolai Rukavishnikov 22-Apr-71 24-Apr-71 1d:23h:46m Adjustment of an improved docking bay between the spacecraft and the orbiting Salyut space station, but no cosmonauts entered the orbiting station.

Soyuz 11 (USSR) Georgi Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, Viktor Patsayev 6-Jun-71 29-Jun-71 23d:18h:22m Docked and entered Salyut 1 space station; orbited in Salyut 1 for 23 days; crew died during reentry from loss of pressurization.

Apollo 15 (USA) David Scott, Alfred Worden, James Irwin 26-Jul-71 7-Aug-71 12d:07h:12m Scott and Irwin made fourth Moon landing; first lunar rover use; first deep spacewalk; 3 lunar EVAs totaling 19h:8m; 33 min SEVA by Scott; collected 170 lb (77 kg) of samples; lunar stay time 66h:54m; 38 min Worden EVA-Irwin SEVA; subsatellite released.

Apollo 16 (USA) John Young, Thomas Mattingly, Charles Duke 16-Apr-72 27-Apr-72 11d:01h:51m Young and Duke made fifth Moon landing; 3 lunar EVAs totaling 20h:14m; collected 213 lb (97 kg) of lunar samples; lunar stay time 71:14; 73 min Mattingly EVA-Duke SEVA; subsatellite released

Apollo 17 (USA) Eugene Cernan, Ronald Evans, Harrison Schmitt 7-Dec-72 19-Dec-72 12d:13h:52m Cernan and Schmitt made sixth piloted lunar landing; 3 lunar EVAs totaling 22h:4m; collected 243 lb (110 kg) of samples; record lunar stay of 74:59; 66 min Evans EVA-Schmitt SEVA.

Skylab 1 (USA) Unmanned space station 14-May-73 11-Jul-79 2,249d First U.S. space station; occupied by Skylab 2, 3 & 4 crews.

Skylab 2 (USA) Charles Conrad, Joseph Kerwin, Paul Weitz 25-May-73 22-Jun-73 28d:00h:50m First American piloted orbiting space station; made long-flight tests, crew repaired damage caused during boost; 2 EVAs totaling 5h:14m + 75 min SEVA.

Skylab 3 (USA) Alan Bean, Owen Garriott, Jack Lousma 28-Jul-73 25-Sep-73 59d:11h:10m Crew systems and operational tests, exceeded pre-mission plans for scientific activities; 3 EVAs totaling 13h:46m.

Soyuz 12 (USSR) Vasili Lazarev, Oleg Makarov 27-Sep-73 29-Sep-73 1d:23h:16m After Soyuz 11 accident, new life support equipment was tested.

Skylab 4 (USA) Gerald Carr, Edward Gibson, William Pogue 16-Nov-73 8-Feb-74 84d:01h:15m Final Skylab mission; endurance record until Soyuz 26-Salyut 6; 4 EVAs totaling 22h:21m, set then-record spacewalk of 7h:1m.

Soyuz 13 (USSR) Pyotr Klimuk, Valentin Lebedev 18-Dec-73 26-Dec-73 7d:20h:56m Astrophysical observations made with Orion ultraviolet telescope; Earth is photographed.

Salyut 3 (USSR) Unmanned space station 25-Jun-74 24-Jan-75 213d 2nd space station; occupied by Soyuz 14 crew.

Soyuz 14 (USSR) Pavel Popovich, Yuri Artyukhin 3-Jul-74 19-Jul-74 15d:17h:30m Sole occupation of Salyut 3 (no docking).

Soyuz 15 (USSR) Gennadi Sarafanov, Lev Demin 26-Aug-74 28-Aug-74 2d:00h:12m Failed to dock with Salyut 3 because of Soyuz systems failures; first return to Earth during the night.

Soyuz 16 (USSR) Anatoli Filipchenko, Nikolai Rukavishnikov 2-Dec-74 8-Dec-74 5d:22h:24m Trial run with a modified Soyuz capable of docking with the U.S. Apollo spacecraft.

Salyut 4 (USSR) Unmanned space station 26-Dec-74 3-Feb-77 770d 3rd space station; occupied by 2 crews for 93 days.

Soyuz 17 (USSR) Aleksey Gubarev, Georgi Grechko 10-Jan-75 9-Feb-75 29d:13h:20m First Salyut 4 occupation; Soviet endurance record.

Soyuz 18A (USSR) Vasili Lazarev, Oleg Makarov 5-Apr-75 5-Apr-75 21m:27s Launch to Salyut 4 aborted when stage 1 failed to separate; 14g reentry.

Soyuz 18B (USSR) Pyotr Klimuk, Vitali Sevastyanov 24-May-75 26-Jul-75 62d:23h:20m 2nd Salyut 4 occupation; Soviet endurance record.

Soyuz 19-ASTP (USSR) Alexei Leonov, Valeri Kubasov 15-Jul-75 21-Jul-75 5d:22h:31m First U.S./USSR joint flight; docked with Apollo 18 for 2 days; conducted experiments, shared meals, and held a joint news conference.

Apollo 18-ASTP (USA) Thomas Stafford, Vance Brand, Donald Slayton 15-Jul-75 24-Jul-75 9d:01h:28m Joint flight with Soyuz 19.

Salyut 5 (USSR) Unmanned space station 22-Jun-76 8-Aug-77 412d 4th space station; occupied by 2 crews for 65 days.

Soyuz 21 (USSR) Boris Volynov, Vitali Zholobov 6-Jul-76 24-Aug-76 49d:06h:24m First Salyut 5 occupation (48 days); acid fumes forced return.

Soyuz 22 (USSR) Valeri Bykovsky, Vladimir Aksyonov 15-Sep-76 23-Sep-76 7d:21h:52m Spacecraft was modified to enable the crew to photograph the Earth.

Soyuz 23 (USSR) Vyacheslav Zudov, Valeri Rozhdestvensky 14-Oct-76 16-Oct-76 2d:00h:07m Docking between the spacecraft and Salyut 5 failed; first Soviet splashdown after emergency return.

Soyuz 24 (USSR) Viktor Gorbatko, Yuri Glazkov 7-Feb-77 25-Feb-77 17d:17h:26m 2nd Salyut 5 occupation.

Salyut 6 (USSR) Unmanned space station 29-Sep-77 28-Jul-82 1763d 5th space station; occupied for 676 days by 5 long stay + 11 visiting crews.

Soyuz 25 (USSR) Vladimir Kovalyonok, Valeri Ryumin 9-Oct-77 11-Oct-77 2d:00h:45m The planned manual docking with Salyut 6 failed.

Soyuz 26 (USSR) Yuri Romanenko (up), Georgi Grechko (up), Vladimir Dzhanibekov (down), Oleg Makarov (down) 10-Dec-77 16-Jan-78 37d:10h:06m First Salyut 6 occupation, returned in Soyuz 27; Progress 1 resupplies the orbiting complex.

Soyuz 27 (USSR) Vladimir Dzhanibekov (up), Oleg Makarov (up), Yuri Romanenko (down), Georgi Grechko (down) 10-Jan-78 16-Mar-78 64d:22h:53m First space station dual occupancy; returned in Soyuz 26.

Soyuz 28 (USSR) Aleksey Gubarev, Vladimir Remek 2-Mar-78 10-Mar-78 7d:22h:16m First international crew (USSR and Czechoslovakia), to Salyut 6.

Soyuz 29 (USSR) Vladimir Kovalyonok (up), Aleksandr Ivanchenkov (up), Valeri Bykovsky (down), Sigmund Jaehn (down) 15-Jun-78 3-Sep-78 79d:15h:24m First 100+ day flight, to Salyut 6; returned in Soyuz 31: Progress 2, 3 & 4 resupply the orbiting complex.

Soyuz 30 (USSR) Pyotr Klimuk, Miroslav Hermaszewski 27-Jun-78 5-Jul-78 7d:22h:03m 2nd international crew (USSR and Poland), to Salyut 6.

Soyuz 31 (USSR) Valeri Bykovsky (up), Sigmund Jaehn (up), Vladimir Kovalyonok (down), Aleksandr Ivanchenkov (down) 26-Aug-78 2-Nov-78 67d:20h:13m 3rd international crew (USSR and East Germany), to Salyut 6; returned in Soyuz 29.

Soyuz 32 (USSR) Vladimir Lyakhov (up), Valeri Ryumin (up), unmanned (down) 25-Feb-79 13-Jun-79 108d:04h:25m Cosmonauts board Salyut 6; endurance record; returned in Soyuz 34: Progress 5, 6 and 7 resupply the orbiting complex.

Soyuz 33 (USSR) Nikolai Rukavishnikov, Georgi Ivanov 10-Apr-79 12-Apr-79 1d:23h:01m 4th international crew (USSR and Bulgaria); failed to dock with Salyut 6 after engine failure.

Soyuz 34 (USSR) Unmanned (up), Vladimir Lyakhov (down), Valeri Ryumin (down) 6-Jun-79 19-Aug-79 73d:18h:17m Delivered for Soyuz 32 crew return to compensate for Soyuz 33 failure.

Soyuz 35 (USSR) Leonid Popov (up), Valeri Ryumin (up), Valeri Kubasov (down), Bertalan Farkas (down) 19-Apr-80 3-Jun-80 55d:01h:28m 4th Salyut 6 long stay; endurance record; returned in Soyuz 37: Progress 8, 9 and 11 resupply the orbiting complex.

Soyuz 36 (USSR) Valeri Kubasov (up), Bertalan Farkas (up), Viktor Gorbatko (down), Pham Tuan (down) 26-May-80 31-Jul-80 65d:20h:54m 5th international crew (USSR and Hungary), to Salyut 6; returned to Soyuz 35.

Soyuz T-2 (USSR) Yuri Malyshev, Vladimir Aksyonov 5-Jun-80 9-Jun-80 3d:22h:20m First manned space flight of the new spacecraft; manual docking with Salyut 6.

Soyuz 37 (USSR) Viktor Gorbatko (up), Pham Tuan (up), Leonid Popov (down), Valeri Ryumin (down) 23-Jul-80 11-Oct-80 79d:15h:17m 6th international crew (USSR and Vietnam), to Salyut 6; returned in Soyuz 36.

Soyuz 38 (USSR) Yuri Romanenko, Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez 18-Sep-80 26-Sep-80 7d:20h:43m 7th international crew (USSR and Cuba), to Salyut 6.

Soyuz T-3 (USSR) Leonid Kizim, Oleg Makarov, Gennadi Strekalov 27-Nov-80 10-Dec-80 12d:19h:08m Resumption of 3-man flights; Salyut 6 repair work: Progress 11 resupplies the orbiting complex.

Soyuz T-4 (USSR) Vladimir Kovalyonok, Viktor Savinykh 12-Mar-81 26-May-81 74d:17h:37m Last Salyut 6 long-stay; 50th Soviet/100th spaceman: Progress 12 resupplies the orbiting complex.

Soyuz 39 (USSR) Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Jugderdemidiyn Gurragcha 22-Mar-81 30-Mar-81 7d:20h:42m 8th international crew (USSR and Mongolia), to Salyut 6.

STS-1, Columbia (USA) John Young, Robert Crippen 12-Apr-81 14-Apr-81 2d:06h:22m First space shuttle flight; orbital test flight; some thermal tiles lost.

Soyuz 40 (USSR) Leonid Popov, Dumitru Prunariu 14-May-81 22-May-81 7d:21h:42m 9th international crew (USSR and Romania), to Salyut 6; last flight of old Soyuz design.

STS-2, Columbia (USA) Joseph Engle, Richard Truly 12-Nov-81 14-Nov-81 2d:06h:14m First reuse of space shuttle; 2nd orbital test flight; test of Canadian robot arm (RMS); 5-day mission halved by fuel cell fault.

STS-3, Columbia (USA) Jack Lousma, Gorden Fullerton 22-Mar-82 30-Mar-82 8d:00h:06m Third orbital test flight; first experiements; payload: astronomy; landing delayed 1 day by storm.

Salyut 7 (USSR) Unmanned space station 19-Apr-82 7-Feb-91 3216d 6th space station; occupied for 812 days by 10 crews.

Soyuz T-5 (USSR) Anatoli Berezovoi (up), Valentin Lebedev (up), Leonid Popov (down), Aleksandr Serebrov (down), Svetlana Savitskaya (down) 13-May-82 27-Aug-82 106d:05h:06m First Salyut 7 occupation + long stay; returned in Soyuz T-7: Progress 13, 14, 15 and 16 resupply the orbiting complex.

Soyuz T-6 (USSR) Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov, Jean-Loup Chretien 24-Jun-82 2-Jul-82 7d:21h:51m 10th international crew (USSR and France), to Salyut 7.

STS-4, Columbia (USA) Thomas Mattingly, Henry Hartsfield 27-Jun-82 4-Jul-82 7d:01h:11m Last orbital test flight; first concrete runway landing; SRBs lost; beginning of operations; payload: military.

Soyuz T-7 (USSR) Leonid Popov (up), Aleksandr Serebrov (up), Svetlana Savitskaya (up), Anatoli Berezovoi (down), Valentin Lebedev (down) 19-Aug-82 10-Dec-82 113d:01h:51m Salyut 7 visit; Savitskaya is 2nd woman in space; returned in Soyuz T-5.

STS-5, Columbia (USA) Vance Brand, Robert Overmyer, Joseph Allen, William Lenoir 11-Nov-82 16-Nov-82 5d:02h:15m First operational space shuttle mission; first 4-person crew; depolyed 2 communications satellites (COMSATs); EVA cancelled.

STS-6, Challenger (USA) Paul Weitz, Karol Bobko, Donald Peterson, Story Musgrave 4-Apr-83 9-Apr-83 5d:00h:25m First Challenger flight; first shuttle EVA; Tracking & Data Relay Satellite (TDRS).

Soyuz T-8 (USSR) Vladimir Titov, Gennadi Strekalov, Aleksandr Serebrov 20-Apr-83 22-Apr-83 2d:00h:18m Failed to dock with Salyut 7 for long stay; radar failed and manual approach aborted.

STS-7, Challenger (USA) Robert Crippen, Frederick Hauck, John Fabian, Sally Ride, Norman Thagard 18-Jun-83 24-Jun-83 6d:02h:25m Ride first U.S. woman in space; first 5-person crew; 2 COMSATs, German platform SPAS-1.

Soyuz T-9 (USSR) Vladimir Lyakhov, Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov 27-Jun-83 23-Nov-83 149d:10h:46m Salyut 7 long stay; 2 EVAs added 2 solar panels: Progress 18 resupplies the orbiting complex.

STS-8, Challenger (USA) Richard Truly, Daniel Brandenstein, Dale Gardner, Guion Bluford, William Thornton 30-Aug-83 5-Sep-83 6d:01h:10m Bluford first U.S. black in space; first night launch/ landing; 1 communications satellite deployed.

Soyuz T-10A (USSR) Vladimir Titov, Gennadi Strekalov 26-Sep-83 26-Sep-83 05m:13s Launchpad fire, first use of escape tower. Descent module re-used by T-15.

STS-9, Columbia (USA) John Young, Brewster Shaw, Owen Garriott, Robert Parker, Byron Lichtenberg, Ulf Merbold 28-Nov-83 8-Dec-83 10d:07h:48m Merbold first German on U.S. mission; first 6-person crew; first Spacelab Mission (SL-1).

41-B, Challenger (USA) Vance Brand, Robert Gibson, Bruce McCandless, Ronald McNair, Robert Stewart 3-Feb-84 11-Feb-84 7d:23h:17m First untethered EVA & testing of MMU jetpack; first Kennedy Space Center landing; 2 COMSATs.

Soyuz T-10B (USSR) Leonid Kizim (up), Vladimir Solovyov (up), Oleg Atkov (up), Yuri Malyshev (down), Gennadi Strekalov (down), Rakesh Sharma (down) 8-Feb-84 11-Apr-84 62:22h:41m First long-stay triple crew, to Salyut 7; 6 EVAs totaling 22h:56m; returned in Soyuz T-11.

Soyuz T-11 (USSR) Yuri Malyshev (up), Gennadi Strekalov (up), Rakesh Sharma (up), Leonid Kizim (down), Vladimir Solovyov (down), Oleg Atkov (down) 3-Apr-84 2-Oct-84 181d:21h:49m 11th international crew (USSR and India), to Salyut 7; returned in Soyuz T-10B.

41-C, Challenger (USA) Robert Crippen, Francis Scobee, George Nelson, James van Hoften, Terry Hart 6-Apr-84 13-Apr-84 6d:23h:41m First in-orbit satellite retrieval/repair (SMM); LDEF deployment.

Soyuz T-12 (USSR) Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Svetlana Savitskaya, Igor Volk 17-Jul-84 29-Jul-84 11d:19h:15m Salyut 7 visit; Savitskaya makes first EVA by a woman (3h:45m).

41-D, Discovery (USA) Henry Hartsfield, Michael Coats, Judith Resnik, Steven Hawley, Richard Mullane, Charles Walker 30-Aug-84 5-Sep-84 6d:00h:57m First flight of Discovery; first commercial payload specialist; 3 communications satellites.

41-G, Challenger (USA) Robert Crippen, Jon McBride, Kathryn Sullivan, Sally Ride, David Leestma, Marc Garneau, Paul Scully-Power 5-Oct-84 13-Oct-84 8d:05h:25m Garneau first Canadian in space; first 7-person crew; first U.S. woman EVA (Sullivan); first 2-women flight; Environmental satellite ERBS.

51-A, Discovery (USA) Frederick Hauck, David Walker, Anna Fisher, Dale Gardner, Joseph Allen 8-Nov-84 16-Nov-84 7d:23h:46m First satellite retrieval/return; 2 COMSATs.

51-C, Discovery (USA) Thomas Mattingly, Loren Shriver, Ellison Onizuka, James Buchli, Gary Payton 24-Jan-85 27-Jan-85 3d:01h:34m First mission dedicated to Dept. of Defense (DOD); classified military payload deployed; 100th manned orbital mission.

51-D, Discovery (USA) Karol Bobko, Donald Williams, Rhea Seddon, Jeffrey Hoffman, David Griggs, Charles Walker, Jake Garn 12-Apr-85 19-Apr-85 6d:23h:56m Garn first U.S. senator in space; 2 COMSATs, EVA to repair Syncom IV satellite.

51-B, Challenger (USA) Robert Overmyer, Frederick Gregory, Don Lind, Norman Thagard, William Thornton, Lodewijk van den Berg, Taylor Wang 29-Apr-85 6-May-85 7d:00h:10m 2nd Spacelab science mission; 1 satellite released .

Soyuz T-13 (USSR) Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Viktor Savinykh (up), Georgi Grechko (down) 6-Jun-85 26-Sep-85 112d:03h:12m Reactivation of Salyut 7; Savinykh stayed with Soyuz T-14 crew: Progress 24 resupplies the station.

51-G, Discovery (USA) Daniel Brandenstein, John Creighton, Shannon Lucid, John Fabian, Steven Nagel, Patrick Baudry, Sultan Salman Al-Saud 17-Jun-85 24-Jun-85 7d:01h:40m Al-Saud first Arab in space; Baudry first Frenchman on U.S. mission; 3 communications satellites.

51-F, Challenger (USA) Gorden Fullerton, Roy Bridges, Story Musgrave, Anthony England, Karl Henize, Loren Acton, John-David Bartoe 29-Jul-85 6-Aug-85 7d:22h:46m 3rd Spacelab astronomy/science mission.

51-I, Discovery (USA) Joseph Engle, Richard Covey, James van Hoften, John Lounge, William Fisher 27-Aug-85 3-Sep-85 7d:02h:18m 3 COMSATs, EVA to repair Syncom IV satellite.

Soyuz T-14 (USSR) Vladimir Vasyutin, Aleksandr Volkov, Georgi Grechko (up), Viktor Savinykh (down) 17-Sep-85 21-Nov-85 64d:21h:52m Salyut 7; first mission to be ended by illness (Vasyutin); Grechko returned with Soyuz T-13.

51-J, Atlantis (USA) Karol Bobko, Ronald Grabe, David Hilmers, Robert Stewart, William Pailes 3-Oct-85 7-Oct-85 4d:01h:46m First flight of Atlantis; 2nd DOD mission: details classfied.

61-A, Challenger (USA) Henry Hartsfield, Steven Nagel, James Buchli, Guion Bluford, Bonnie Dunbar, Reinhard Furrer, Ernst Messerschmid, Wubbo Ockels 30-Oct-85 6-Nov-85 7d:00h:46m Ockels first Dutchman in space; first 8-person crew; 1st German Spacelab mission (D1).

61-B, Atlantis (USA) Brewster Shaw, Bryan O'Conner, Mary Cleave, Sherwood Spring, Jerry Ross, Rodolfo Neri Vela, Charles Walker 27-Nov-85 3-Dec-85 6d:21h:06m Vela first Mexican in space; 3 COMSATs, space structures assembly test.

61-C, Columbia (USA) Robert Gibson, Charles Bolden, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Steven Hawley, George Nelson, Robert Cenker, Bill Nelson 12-Jan-86 18-Jan-86 6d:02h:05m Bill Nelson first U.S. congressman in space; 1 COMSAT, material & astronomy experiments.

51-L, Challenger (USA) Francis Scobee, Michael Smith, Judith Resnik, Ellison Onizuka, Ronald McNair, Gregory Jarvis, Christa McAuliffe 28-Jan-86 None 01m:13s Exploded during liftoff, all were killed.

Mir (USSR) Unmanned space station 20-Feb-86 23-Mar-01 5,510d New-generation space station with 6 docking ports; occupied by multiple crews.

Soyuz T-15 (USSR) Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov 13-Mar-86 16-Jul-86 125d:00h:01m First Mir occupation; excursion to Salyut 7 5-May to 26-Jun; two Salyut EVAs totaling 8h:50m; re-used descent module from T-10A abort.

Soyuz TM-2 (USSR) Aleksandr Laveykin, Yuri Romanenko (up), Aleksandr Viktorenko (down), Mohammed Faris (down) 5-Feb-87 30-Jul-87 174d:03h:26m 2nd Mir long stay; Romanenko remained at station and set new endurance record, returned in Soyuz TM-3.

Soyuz TM-3 (USSR) Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov, Aleksandr Viktorenko (up), Mohammed Faris (up), Yuri Romanenko (down), Anatoli Levchenko (down) 22-Jul-87 29-Dec-87 160d:07h:17m Mir visit; Aleksandrov remained at station replacing Laveykin; Viktorenko & Faris (Syria) returned in Soyuz TM-2.

Soyuz TM-4 (USSR) Vladimir Titov (up), Musa Manarov (up), Anatoli Levchenko (up), Anatoliy Solovyov (down), Viktor Savinykh (down), Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov (down) 21-Dec-87 17-Jun-88 178d:22h:54m 3rd Mir long stay occupation; Titov & Manarov swapped with Romanenko & Aleksandrov; endurance record; 3 EVAs totaling 13h:40m; returned in Soyuz TM-6.

Soyuz TM-5 (USSR) Anatoliy Solovyov (up), Viktor Savinykh (up), Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov (up), Vladimir Lyakhov (down), Abdul Mohmand (down) 7-Jun-88 7-Sep-88 91d:10h:46m Mir visit; all returned in Soyuz TM-4.

Soyuz TM-6 (USSR) Vladimir Lyakhov (up), Valeri Polyakov (up), Abdul Mohmand (up), Vladimir Titov (down), Musa Manarov (down), Jean-Loup Chretien (down) 29-Aug-88 21-Dec-88 114d:05h:34m 4th Mir long stay; physician Polyakov remained with Titov & Manarov; Mohmand first Afghan in space, returned in TM-5.

STS-26, Discovery (USA) Frederick Hauck, Richard Covey, John Lounge, George Nelson, David Hilmers 29-Sep-88 3-Oct-88 4d:01h:01m Redesigned shuttle makes first flight; Tracking/Data Relay Satellite TDRS-C.

Soyuz TM-7 (USSR) Aleksandr Volkov, Sergei Krikalyov, Jean-Loup Chretien (up), Valeri Polyakov (down) 26-Nov-88 27-Apr-89 151d:11h:08m 5th Mir long stay; Volkov & Krikalyov swapped with Titov & Manarov; Chretien EVA, returned in Soyuz TM-6; Volkov & Krikalyov in TM-7.

STS-27, Atlantis (USA) Robert Gibson, Guy Gardner, Richard Mullane, Jerry Ross, William Shepherd 2-Dec-88 6-Dec-88 4d:09h:06m 3rd DOD mission; first Lacrosse imaging radar satellite for all-weather day/night reconnaissance.

STS-29, Discovery (USA) Michael Coats, John Blaha, James Bagian, James Buchli, Robert Springer 13-Mar-89 18-Mar-89 4d:23h:40m Data Relay Satellite TDRS-D, experiments.

STS-30, Atlantis (USA) David Walker, Ronald Grabe, Norman Thagard, Mary Cleave, Mark Lee 4-May-89 8-May-89 4d:00h:58m Magellan Venus orbiter launched on IUS stage, arrived Venus Aug 1990.

STS-28, Columbia (USA) Brewster Shaw, Richard Richards, James Adamson, David Leestma, Mark Brown 8-Aug-89 13-Aug-89 5d:01h:01m 4th DOD mission; deployed military satellite for relaying reconnaissance satellite imagery?

Soyuz TM-8 (USSR) Aleksandr Viktorenko, Aleksandr Serebrov 5-Sep-89 19-Feb-90 166d:06h:58m 5th Mir long stay; received Kvant 2; 5 EVAs including 2 with maneuvring backpack.

STS-34, Atlantis (USA) Donald Williams, Michael McCulley, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Shannon Lucid, Ellen Baker 18-Oct-89 23-Oct-89 4d:23h:40m Galileo Jupiter orbiter launched on IUS stage, arrived Jupiter Dec 1995.

STS-33, Discovery (USA) Frederick Gregory, John Blaha, Story Musgrave, Manley Carter, Kathryn Thornton 23-Nov-89 28-Nov-89 5d:00h:08m 5th DOD mission; deployed intelligence satellite?

STS-32, Columbia (USA) Daniel Brandenstein, James Wetherbee, Bonnie Dunbar, David Low, Marsha Ivins 9-Jan-90 20-Jan-90 10d:21h:02m Deployed 1 COMSAT, retrieved/returned Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF).

Soyuz TM-9 (USSR) Anatoliy Solovyov, Aleksandr Balandin 11-Feb-90 9-Aug-90 179d:01h:18m 6th Mir long stay; received Kristall; two EVAs.

STS-36, Atlantis (USA) John Creighton, John Casper, Richard Mullane, David Hilmers, Pierre Thuot 28-Feb-90 4-Mar-90 4d:10h:19m 6th DOD mission; deployed reconnaissance satellite.

STS-31, Discovery (USA) Loren Shriver, Charles Bolden, Steven Hawley, Bruce McCandless, Kathryn Sullivan 24-Apr-90 29-Apr-90 5d:01h:17m Deployed Hubble Space Telescope (HST); set Shuttle altitude record of 385 miles (619 km).

Soyuz TM-10 (USSR) Gennadi Manakov, Gennadi Strekalov, Toyohiro Akiyama (down) 1-Aug-90 10-Dec-90 130d:20h:36m 7th Mir long stay; emphasised Kristall materials processing, one EVA.

STS-41, Discovery (USA) Richard Richards, Robert Cabana, William Shepherd, Bruce Melnick, Thomas Akers 6-Oct-90 10-Oct-90 4d:02h:11m Ulysses solar probe launched on IUS stage.

STS-38, Atlantis (USA) Richard Covey, Frank Culbertson, Robert Springer, Carl Meade, Charles Gemar 15-Nov-90 20-Nov-90 4d:21h:55m 7th DOD mission; deployed intelligence satellite?

STS-35, Columbia (USA) Vance Brand, Guy Gardner, Jeffrey Hoffman, John Lounge, Robert Parker, Samuel Durrance, Ronald Parise 2-Dec-90 11-Dec-90 8d:23h:06m Astronomy Spacelab ASTRO, UV/X-ray telescopes.

Soyuz TM-11 (USSR) Viktor Afanasyev, Musa Manarov, Toyohiro Akiyama (up), Helen Sharman (down) 2-Dec-90 26-May-91 175d:01h:51m 8th Mir long stay; 4 EVAs; Akiyama first Japanese in space, returned in Soyuz TM-10.

STS-37, Atlantis (USA) Steven Nagel, Kenneth Cameron, Jerry Ross, Jay Apt, Linda Godwin 5-Apr-91 11-Apr-91 5d:23h:34m Deployed Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO); 2 EVAs (first since 1985).

STS-39, Discovery (USA) Michael Coats, Blaine Hammond, Guion Bluford, Gregory Harbaugh, Richard Hieb, Donald McMonagle, Charles Veach 28-Apr-91 6-May-91 8d:07h:23m Infrared astronomy experiments.

Soyuz TM-12 (USSR) Anatoli Artsebarsky, Sergei Krikalyov (up), Helen Sharman (up), Toktar Aubakirov (down), Franz Viehboeck (down) 18-May-91 10-Oct-91 144d:15h:22m 9th Mir long stay; Sharman first Briton in space, returned in Soyuz TM-11; Artsebarsly in TM-12, Krikalyov in TM-13; 6 EVAs totaling 31h:58m.

STS-40, Columbia (USA) Bryan O'Conner, Sidney Gutierrez, Rhea Seddon, James Bagian, Tamara Jernigan, Drew Gaffney, Millie Hughes-Fulford 5-Jun-91 14-Jun-91 9d:02h:15m First Spacelab for Life Sciences (SLS-1); first dedicated life sciences research.

STS-43, Atlantis (USA) John Blaha, Michael Baker, Shannon Lucid, James Adamson, David Low 2-Aug-91 11-Aug-91 8d:21h:22m Tracking/Data Relay Satellite TDRS-E; Lucid first woman to make 3 fights.

STS-48, Discovery (USA) John Creighton, Kenneth Reightler, James Buchli, Charles Gemar, Mark Brown 12-Sep-91 18-Sep-91 5d:08h:28m Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) deployed.

Soyuz TM-13 (USSR) Aleksandr Volkov, Toktar Aubakirov (up), Franz Viehboeck (up), Sergei Krikalyov (down), Klaus-Dietrich Flade (down) 2-Oct-91 25-Mar-92 175d:02h:52m 10th Mir long stay; first mission with 2 researchers; Viehboeck first Austrian & Aubakirov first Kazakh in space, returned in Soyuz TM-12; Volkov in TM-13; one EVA.

STS-44, Atlantis (USA) Frederick Gregory, Terrence Henricks, Story Musgrave, Mario Runco, James Voss, Thomas Hennen 24-Nov-91 1-Dec-91 6d:22h:52m DOD satellite, contaminations research.

STS-42, Discovery (USA) Ronald Grabe, Stephen Oswald, Norman Thagard, David Hilmers, William Readdy, Roberta Bondar, Ulf Merbold 22-Jan-92 30-Jan-92 8d:01h:16m Spacelab International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-1).

Soyuz TM-14 (Russia) Aleksandr Viktorenko, Aleksandr Kaleri, Klaus-Dietrich Flade (up), Michel Tognini (down) 17-Mar-92 10-Aug-92 145d:14h:11m 11th Mir long stay; Flade (Germany), returned in Soyuz TM-13; Viktorenko & Kaleri in TM-14; 123m EVA.

STS-45, Atlantis (USA) Charles Bolden, Brian Duffy, Kathryn Sullivan, David Leestma, Michael Foale, Byron Lichtenberg, Dirk Frimout 24-Mar-92 2-Apr-92 8d:22h:10m Frimout first Belgian in space; Atmospheric Lab for Applications & Science (ATLAS-1).

STS-49, Endeavour (USA) Daniel Brandenstein, Kevin Chilton, Pierre Thuot, Kathryn Thornton, Richard Hieb, Thomas Akers, Bruce Melnick 7-May-92 16-May-92 8d:21h:19m First Endeavour flight; 4 EVAs by 4 crew totaling duration record 60.1 manhours; first 3-person EVA; Intelsat-VI recovery and redeployment.

STS-50, Columbia (USA) Richard Richards, Kenneth Bowersox, Bonnie Dunbar, Ellen Baker, Carl Meade, Lawrence DeLucas, Eugene Trinh 25-Jun-92 9-Jul-92 13d:19h:31m US Microgravity Laboratory (USML-1); first Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO); Shuttle duration record.

Soyuz TM-15 (Russia) Anatoliy Solovyov, Sergei Avdeyev, Michel Tognini (up) 27-Jul-92 1-Feb-93 188d:21h:41m 12th Mir long stay; Togini (France) returned in Soyuz TM-14, Solovyov & Avdeyev in TM-15; 4 EVAs totaling 18h:21m.

STS-46, Atlantis (USA) Loren Shriver, Andrew Allen, Jeffrey Hoffman, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Claude Nicollier, Marsha Ivins, Franco Malerba 31-Jul-92 8-Aug-92 7d:23h:16m Nicollier first Swiss and Malerba first Italian in space; EURECA platform deployment; tether experiment TSS-1.

STS-47, Endeavour (USA) Robert Gibson, Curtis Brown, Mark Lee, Jan Davis, Jay Apt, Mae Jemison, Mamoru Mohri 12-Sep-92 20-Sep-92 7d:22h:31m 50th shuttle mission; Jemison 1st black woman in space; Mohri 1st Japanese national; Lee & Davis 1st married couple to travel together in space; first Japanese Spacelab (SL-J).

STS-52, Columbia (USA) James Wetherbee, Michael Baker, Charles Veach, William Shepherd, Tamara Jernigan, Steven MacLean 22-Oct-92 1-Nov-92 9d:20h:57m Deployment of LAGEOS 2; US Microgravity Payload (USMP); materials experiments.

STS-53, Discovery (USA) David Walker, Robert Cabana, Guion Bluford, James Voss, Michael Clifford 2-Dec-92 9-Dec-92 7d:07h:21m Last DOD mission; DOD satellite deployed; laser experiment.

STS-54, Endeavour (USA) John Casper, Donald McMonagle, Mario Runco, Gregory Harbaugh, Susan Helms 13-Jan-93 19-Jan-93 5d:23h:39m Deployment of TDRS-F, Differential X-ray Experiment (DXS), 268 min EVA.

Soyuz TM-16 (Russia) Gennadi Manakov, Aleksandr Polishchuk, Jean-Pierre Haignere (down) 24-Jan-93 22-Jul-93 179d:00h:44m 13th Mir long stay; first docking with Kristall androgynous port; two EVAs.

STS-56, Discovery (USA) Kenneth Cameron, Stephen Oswald, Michael Foale, Kenneth Cockrell, Ellen Ochoa 8-Apr-93 17-Apr-93 9d:06h:09m Crew included the 300th human in space; Ochoa 1st Hispanic woman in space; 2nd Atmospheric Mission ATLAS-2, SPARTAN-2.

STS-55, Columbia (USA) Steven Nagel, Terrence Henricks, Jerry Ross, Charles Precourt, Bernard Harris, Ulrich Walter, Hans Schlegel 26-Apr-93 6-May-93 9d:23h:41m 2nd German Spacelab mission (D2); Earth observation & astronomy experiments; Shuttle program exceeded 1 year aggregate flight time.

STS-57, Endeavour (USA) Ronald Grabe, Brian Duffy, David Low, Nancy Sherlock, Peter Wisoff, Janice Voss 21-Jun-93 1-Jul-93 9d:23h:46m First Spacehab; EURECA retrival; GAS; EVA.

Soyuz TM-17 (Russia) Vasili Tsibliyev, Aleksandr Serebrov, Jean-Pierre Haignere (up) 1-Jul-93 14-Jan-94 196d:17h:45m 14th Mir long stay; Haignere (France) returned in Soyuz TM-16, Tsibliyev/ Serebrov in TM-17; five EVAs.

STS-51, Discovery (USA) Frank Culbertson, William Readdy, James Newman, Daniel Bursch, Carl Walz 12-Sep-93 22-Sep-93 9d:20h:12m Adv. Comsat ACTS/TOS deployed; ORFEUS-SPAS; EVA; first KSC night landing.

STS-58, Columbia (USA) John Blaha, Richard Searfoss, Rhea Seddon, William McArthur, David Wolf, Shannon Lucid, Martin Fettman 18-Oct-93 1-Nov-93 14d:00h:14m First dissection in space; 2nd Spacelab for Life Sciences (SLS-2); 2nd EDO, record duration.

STS-61, Endeavour (USA) Richard Covey, Kenneth Bowersox, Story Musgrave, Kathryn Thornton, Claude Nicollier, Jeffrey Hoffman, Thomas Akers 2-Dec-93 13-Dec-93 10d:19h:59m First Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission; 5 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 35h:28m; Akers set new U.S. EVA duration record (29h:40m).

Soyuz TM-18 (Russia) Viktor Afanasyev, Yuri Usachyov, Valeri Polyakov (up) 8-Jan-94 9-Jul-94 182d:00h:27m 15th Mir long stay; physicain Polyakov remained aboard for record duration, returning with Soyuz TM-20.

STS-60, Discovery (USA) Charles Bolden, Kenneth Reightler, Jan Davis, Ronald Sega, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Sergei Krikalyov 3-Feb-94 11-Feb-94 8d:07h:10m Krikalyov first Russian on U.S. shuttle; attempt to deploy the Wake Shield Facility (a device to create vacuums in space) failed; Spacehab 2.

STS-62, Columbia (USA) John Casper, Andrew Allen, Pierre Thuot, Charles Gemar, Marsha Ivins 4-Mar-94 18-Mar-94 13d:23h:18m Microgravity Payload USMP-2; OAST-2; SSBUV/A; DEE; 3rd EDO.

STS-59, Endeavour (USA) Sidney Gutierrez, Kevin Chilton, Linda Godwin, Jay Apt, Michael Clifford, Thomas Jones 9-Apr-94 20-Apr-94 11d:05h:50m First flight of Space Radar Lab; mapped 20% of Earth surface in three dimensions; environmental studies conducted; CONCAP-IV; GAS; NIH-Experiments; Endeavour made record 412 maneuvres.

Soyuz TM-19 (Russia) Yuri Malenchenko, Talgat Musabayev, Ulf Merbold (down) 1-Jul-94 4-Nov-94 125d:22h:54m 16th Mir long stay, two EVAs.

STS-65, Columbia (USA) Robert Cabana, James Halsell, Richard Hieb, Carl Walz, Leroy Chiao, Donald Thomas, Chiaki Mukai 8-Jul-94 23-Jul-94 14d:17h:56m 2-day flight of International Microgravity Laboratory IML-2; more than 80 experiments conducted; 4th EDO, record duration.

STS-64, Discovery (USA) Richard Richards, Blaine Hammond, Jerry Linenger, Susan Helms, Carl Meade, Mark Lee 9-Sep-94 20-Sep-94 10d:22h:51m Laser experiment LITE; SPARTAN-3; SAFER (EVA); ROMPS.

STS-68, Endeavour (USA) Michael Baker, Terrence Wilcutt, Thomas Jones, Steven Smith, Daniel Bursch, Peter Wisoff 30-Sep-94 11-Oct-94 11d:05h:47m Space Radar Lab SRL-2; GAS; Stamps; secondary payloads.

Soyuz TM-20 (Russia) Aleksandr Viktorenko, Yelena Kondakova, Ulf Merbold (up), Valeri Polyakov (down) 4-Oct-94 22-Mar-95 169d:05h:22m 17th Mir long stay; Merbold (ESA) returned with Soyuz TM-19.

STS-66, Atlantis (USA) Donald McMonagle, Curtis Brown, Ellen Ochoa, Scott Parazynski, Joseph Tanner, Jean-Francois Clervoy 3-Nov-94 14-Nov-94 10d:22h:35m Atmospheric Mission ATLAS-3; CRISTA/SPAS; ESCAPE-2.

STS-63, Discovery (USA) James Wetherbee, Eileen Collins, Michael Foale, Janice Voss, Bernard Harris, Vladimir Titov 3-Feb-95 11-Feb-95 8d:06h:30m Rendezvous with Mir, Spacehab 3, first female pilot (Collins); 2nd Cosmonaut; SPARTAN-4; EVA.

STS-67, Endeavour (USA) Stephen Oswald, William Gregory, Tamara Jernigan, John Grunsfeld, Wendy Lawrence, Ronald Parise, Samuel Durrance 2-Mar-95 18-Mar-95 16d:15h:10m 2nd UV Astronomy Spacelab (ASTRO-2); 5th EDO, record duration.

Soyuz TM-21 (Russia) Vladimir Dezhurov (up), Gennadi Strekalov (up), Norman Thagard (up), Anatoliy Solovyov (down), Nikolai Budarin (down) 14-Mar-95 11-Sep-95 181d:00h:41m 18th Mir long stay; Thagard first NASA researcher; all crew returning on NASA Shuttle STS-71; three EVAs.

STS-71, Atlantis (USA) Robert Gibson, Charles Precourt, Ellen Baker, Bonnie Dunbar, Gregory Harbaugh, Anatoliy Solovyov (up), Nikolai Budarin (up), Vladimir Dezhurov (down), Gennadi Strekalov (down), Norman Thagard (down) 27-Jun-95 7-Jul-95 9d:19h:23m First Mir docking/crew exchange, 100th US human space flight, Spacelab carried.

STS-70, Discovery (USA) Terrence Henricks, Kevin Kregel, Nancy Currie, Donald Thomas, Mary Weber 13-Jul-95 22-Jul-95 8d:22h:21m Deployed TDRS-G; crystal growth and biological experiments.

Soyuz TM-22 (Russia) Yuri Gidzenko, Sergei Avdeyev, Thomas Reiter 3-Sep-95 29-Feb-96 179d:01h:42m 20th Mir long stay; ESA researcher Reiter performed 2 EVAs.

STS-69, Endeavour (USA) David Walker, Kenneth Cockrell, James Voss, James Newman, Michael Gernhardt 7-Sep-95 18-Sep-95 10d:20h:30m Wake Shield Facility (2nd flight); SPARTAN; 30th Shuttle EVA.

STS-73, Columbia (USA) Kenneth Bowersox, Kent Rominger, Kathryn Thornton, Catherine Coleman, Michael Lopez-Alegria, Fred Leslie, Albert Sacco 20-Oct-95 5-Nov-95 15d:21h:53m Spacelab USML-2; educational experiments; 6th EDO.

STS-74, Atlantis (USA) Kenneth Cameron, James Halsell, Jerry Ross, William McArthur, Chris Hadfield 12-Nov-95 20-Nov-95 8d:04h:32m Mir-Docking/2; delivered docking unit for future Shuttle missions & new solar arrays.

STS-72, Endeavour (USA) Brian Duffy, Brent Jett, Leroy Chiao, Daniel Barry, Winston Scott, Koichi Wakata 11-Jan-96 20-Jan-96 8d:22h:02m Retrieved SFU Space Flyer Unit, SPARTAN/OAST Flyer, two EVAs.

Soyuz TM-23 (Russia) Yuri Onufrienko, Yuri Usachyov, Claudie Andre-Deshays (down) 21-Feb-96 2-Sep-96 193d:19h:08m 21st Mir long stay; 6 EVAs totaling 30h:31m.

STS-75, Columbia (USA) Andrew Allen, Scott Horowitz, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Maurizio Cheli, Jeffrey Hoffman, Claude Nicollier, Umberto Guidoni 22-Feb-96 9-Mar-96 15d:17h:41m Microgravity Payload USMP-3; Tether Satellite TSS-1R; OARE; 7th EDO.

STS-76, Atlantis (USA) Kevin Chilton, Richard Searfoss, Linda Godwin, Michael Clifford, Ronald Sega, Shannon Lucid (up) 22-Mar-96 31-Mar-96 9d:05h:17m Mir-Docking/3; Spacehab short module; delivered Lucid for Mir stay; EVA mounted experiments on Mir's docking module.

STS-77, Endeavour (USA) John Casper, Curtis Brown, Daniel Bursch, Mario Runco, Marc Garneau, Andrew Thomas 19-May-96 29-May-96 10d:00h:40m Inflatable Antenna Experiment (IAE); Spacehab 4; PAMS; SPARTAN; TEAMS.

STS-78, Columbia (USA) Terrence Henricks, Kevin Kregel, Susan Helms, Richard Linnehan, Charles Brady, Jean-Jacques Favier, Robert Thirsk 20-Jun-96 7-Jul-96 16d:21h:49m Life & Microgravity Science Spacelab (LMS); SAREX-II; 8th EDO, record duration.

Soyuz TM-24 (Russia) Valeri Korzun, Aleksandr Kaleri, Claudie Andre-Deshays (up), Reinhold Ewald (down) 17-Aug-96 2-Mar-97 196d:17h:26m 22nd Mir long stay; Andre-Deshays (France) returned in Soyuz TM-23; two EVAs.

STS-79, Atlantis (USA) William Readdy, Terrence Wilcutt, Thomas Akers, Jay Apt, Carl Walz, John Blaha (up), Shannon Lucid (down) 16-Sep-96 26-Sep-96 10d:03h:20m Mir-Docking/4; Spacehab double module; crew exchange (Blaha for Lucid); Lucid set new U.S. space endurance record (188d:4h); EVA.

STS-80, Columbia (USA) Kenneth Cockrell, Kent Rominger, Tamara Jernigan, Thomas Jones, Story Musgrave 19-Nov-96 7-Dec-96 17d:15h:54m Wake Shield Facility (3rd flight); ORFEUS-SPAS II; Space Experiment Module (SEM); EVA; 9th EDO, record duration.

STS-81, Atlantis (USA) Michael Baker, Brent Jett, Peter Wisoff, John Grunsfeld, Marsha Ivins, Jerry Linenger (up), John Blaha (down) 12-Jan-97 22-Jan-97 10d:04h:56m Mir-Docking/5; Spacehab-DM; SAREX-II; crew exchange (Linenger for Blaha).

Soyuz TM-25 (Russia) Vasili Tsibliyev, Aleksander Lazutkin, Reinhold Ewald (up) 10-Feb-97 14-Aug-97 184d:22h:08m 23rd Mir long stay; Ewald (Germany) returned in Soyuz TM-24; collision with Progress 25-Jun-97; one EVA.

STS-82, Discovery (USA) Kenneth Bowersox, Scott Horowitz, Joseph Tanner, Steven Hawley, Gregory Harbaugh, Mark Lee, Steven Smith 11-Feb-97 21-Feb-97 9d:23h:38m 2nd Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission; 5 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 33h:11m, replaced 10 instruments.

STS-83, Columbia (USA) James Halsell, Susan Still, Janice Voss, Michael Gernhardt, Donald Thomas, Roger Crouch, Greg Linteris 4-Apr-97 8-Apr-97 3d:23h:14m Microgravity Science Lab MSL-1 (returned 12 days early due to fuel cell problem); Reflight as STS-94.

STS-84, Atlantis (USA) Charles Precourt, Eileen Collins, Jean-Francois Clervoy, Carlos Noriega, Edward Lu, Yelena Kondakova, Michael Foale (up), Jerry Linenger (down) 15-May-97 24-May-97 9d:05h:21m Mir-Docking/6; Spacehab-DM; crew exchange (Foale for Linenger).

STS-94, Columbia (USA) James Halsell, Susan Still, Janice Voss, Michael Gernhardt, Donald Thomas, Roger Crouch, Greg Linteris 1-Jul-97 17-Jul-97 15d:16h:46m Microgravity Science Lab MSL-1 reflight.

Soyuz TM-26 (Russia) Anatoliy Solovyov, Pavel Vinogradov, Leopold Eyharts (down) 5-Aug-97 19-Feb-98 197d:17h:35m 24th Mir long stay; 7 EVAs to repair damage caused by Progress collision.

STS-85, Discovery (USA) Curtis Brown, Kent Rominger, Jan Davis, Robert Curbeam, Stephen Robinson, Bjarni Tryggvason 7-Aug-97 19-Aug-97 11d:20h:28m CRISTA/SPAS II; Japanese Manipulaor (MFD); small payloads.

STS-86, Atlantis (USA) James Wetherbee, Michael Bloomfield, Scott Parazynski, Vladimir Titov, Jean-Loup Chretien, Wendy Lawrence, David Wolf (up), Michael Foale (down) 25-Sep-97 6-Oct-97 10d:19h:22m Mir-Docking/7; Spacehab-DM; crew exchange (Wolf for Foale).

STS-87, Columbia (USA) Kevin Kregel, Steve Lindsey, Kalpana Chawla, Winston Scott, Takao Doi, Leonid Kadenyuk 19-Nov-97 5-Dec-97 15d:16h:35m Microgravity Payload USMP-4; SPARTAN-201; 2 EVAs; small payloads.

STS-89, Endeavour (USA) Terrence Wilcutt, Joe Edwards, James Reilly, Michael Anderson, Bonnie Dunbar, Salizhan Sharipov, Andrew Thomas (up), David Wolf (down) 23-Jan-98 31-Jan-98 8d:19h:48m Mir-Docking/8; Spacehab-DM; crew exchange (Thomas for Wolf).

Soyuz TM-27 (Russia) Talgat Musabayev, Nikolai Budarin, Leopold Eyharts (up), Yuri Baturin (down) 29-Jan-98 25-Aug-98 207d:12h:51m 25th Mir long stay; Eyharts (France) returned in Soyuz TM-26; 5 EVAs.

STS-90, Columbia (USA) Richard Searfoss, Scott Altman, Kathryn Hire, Richard Linnehan, Dafydd Williams, Jay Buckey, James Pawelczyk 17-Apr-98 3-May-98 15d:21h:51m Neurolab (16th Spacelab); bioreactor; small payloads (GAS).

STS-91, Discovery (USA) Charles Precourt, Dominic Gorie, Wendy Lawrence, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Janet Kavandi, Valeri Ryumin, Andrew Thomas (down) 2-Jun-98 12-Jun-98 9d:19h:55m Mir-Docking/9; Spacehab-SM; returned Thomas; first GAS payload.

Soyuz TM-28 (Russia) Gennadi Padalka, Sergei Avdeyev (up), Yuri Baturin (up), Ivan Bella (down) 13-Aug-98 28-Feb-99 198d:16h:31m 26th Mir long stay; Baturin returned in Soyuz TM-27; Avdeyev remained aboard Mir; one EVA.

STS-95, Discovery (USA) Curtis Brown, Steve Lindsey, Scott Parazynski, Stephen Robinson, Pedro Duque, Chiaki Mukai, John Glenn 29-Oct-98 7-Nov-98 8d:21h:45m Spacehab-SM, SPARTAN-201; John Glenn reflight.

STS-88, Endeavour (USA) Robert Cabana, Frederick Sturckow, Nancy Currie, Jerry Ross, James Newman, Sergei Krikalyov 4-Dec-98 16-Dec-98 11d:19h:19m 1st International Space Station (ISS) assembly flight 2A, Unity Module; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 21h:22m; first habitation of ISS.

Soyuz TM-29 (Russia) Viktor Afanasyev, Jean-Pierre Haignere, Ivan Bella (up), Sergei Avdeyev (down) 20-Feb-99 28-Aug-99 188d:20h:16m 27th Mir long stay; Bella first Slovak in space, returned in Soyuz TM-28; returned Avdeyev; three EVAs.

STS-96, Discovery (USA) Kent Rominger, Rick Husband, Ellen Ochoa, Tamara Jernigan, Daniel Barry, Julie Payette, Valeri Tokarev 27-May-99 6-Jun-99 9d:19h:14m 2nd ISS assembly flight 2A.1, Spacehab-DM, Starshine; first docking with ISS; 1 EVA for 2 crew totaling 7h:55m.

STS-93, Columbia (USA) Eileen Collins, Jeffrey Ashby, Steven Hawley, Catherine Coleman, Michel Tognini 23-Jul-99 28-Jul-99 4d:22h:50m Deployed Chandra/AXAF; first female commander (Collins).

STS-103, Discovery (USA) Curtis Brown, Scott Kelly, Steven Smith, Michael Foale, John Grunsfeld, Claude Nicollier, Jean-Francois Clervoy 20-Dec-99 28-Dec-99 7d:23h:12m 3rd Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission; 3 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 24h:33m.

STS-99, Endeavour (USA) Kevin Kregel, Dominic Gorie, Janet Kavandi, Janice Voss, Mamoru Mohri, Gerhard Thiele 11-Feb-00 22-Feb-00 11d:05h:40m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM); used radar systems to obtain high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth.

Soyuz TM-30 (Russia) Sergei Zalyotin, Aleksandr Kaleri 4-Apr-00 16-Jun-00 72d:19h:42m 28th & final Mir long stay; reactivated Mir under contract with MirCorp (a private concern); returned 16-Jun-00.

STS-101, Atlantis (USA) James Halsell, Scott Horowitz, Mary Weber, Jeffrey Williams, James Voss, Susan Helms, Yuri Usachyov 19-May-00 29-May-00 9d:20h:10m 3rd ISS assembly flight 2A.2a, Spacehab-DM; 1 EVA for 2 crew totaling 6h:44m.

STS-106, Atlantis (USA) Terrence Wilcutt, Scott Altman, Daniel Burbank, Edward Lu, Richard Mastracchio, Yuri Malenchenko, Boris Morukov 8-Sep-00 20-Sep-00 11d:19h:12m 4th ISS assembly flight 2A.2b, Spacehab-DM; 1 EVA for 2 crew totaling 6h:14m.

STS-92, Discovery (USA) Brian Duffy, Pamela Melroy, Koichi Wakata, Leroy Chiao, Peter Wisoff, Michael Lopez-Alegria, William McArthur 11-Oct-00 24-Oct-00 12d:21h:44m 5th ISS assembly flight 3A, PMA-3, IMAX; 4 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 27h:19m.

Soyuz TM-31 (Russia) Sergei Krikalyov (up), Yuri Gidzenko (up), William Shepherd (up), Talgat Musabayev (down), Yuri Baturin (down), Dennis Tito (down) 31-Oct-00 6-May-01 186d:21h:49m Delivered Expedition 1 crew (Shepherd, Gidzenko, Krikalyov), first ISS extended stay totaling 136 days on ISS; returned in STS-102.

STS-97, Endeavour (USA) Brent Jett, Michael Bloomfield, Joseph Tanner, Carlos Noriega, Marc Garneau 1-Dec-00 11-Dec-00 10d:19h:58m 6th ISS assembly flight 4A, PV Module P6; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 19h:20m.

STS-98, Atlantis (USA) Kenneth Cockrell, Mark Polansky, Robert Curbeam, Thomas Jones, Marsha Ivins 7-Feb-01 20-Feb-01 12d:21h:21m 7th ISS assembly flight 5A, US Lab; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 19h:49m, final EVA 100th in U.S. history.

STS-102, Discovery (USA) James Wetherbee, James Kelly, Andrew Thomas, Paul Richards, Yuri Usachyov (up), James Voss (up), Susan Helms (up), William Shepherd (down), Yuri Gidzenko (down), Sergei Krikalyov (down) 8-Mar-01 21-Mar-01 12d:19h:51m 8th ISS assembly flight 5A.1, Leonardo MPLM; External Stowage Platform; delivered Expedition 2 crew (Usachyov, Voss, Helms), returned Expedition 1 crew (Shepherd, Gidzenko, Krikalyov); 2 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 15h:26m.

STS-100, Endeavour (USA) Kent Rominger, Jeffrey Ashby, Chris Hadfield, Scott Parazynski, John Phillips, Umberto Guidoni, Yuri Lonchakov 19-Apr-01 1-May-01 11d:21h:31m 9th ISS assembly flight 6A, Canadarm2, Raffaello MPLM; 2 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 14h:50m.

Soyuz TM-32 (Russia) Talgat Musabayev (up), Yuri Baturin (up), Dennis Tito (up), Viktor Afanasyev (down), Konstantin Kozeyev (down), Claudie Haignere (down) 28-Apr-01 31-Oct-01 185d:21h:23m Exchanged Soyuz TM-32 for TM-31 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; Tito first space "tourist" having paid $20 million for trip.

STS-104, Atlantis (USA) Steve Lindsey, Charles Hobaugh, Michael Gernhardt, James Reilly, Janet Kavandi 12-Jul-01 25-Jul-01 12d:18h:37m 10th ISS assembly flight 7A, ISS Airlock; 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 16h:30m.

STS-105, Discovery (USA) Scott Horowitz, Frederick Sturckow, Daniel Barry, Patrick Forrester, Frank Culbertson (up), Vladimir Dezhurov (up), Mikhail Tyurin (up), Yuri Usachyov (down), James Voss (down), Susan Helms (down) 10-Aug-01 22-Aug-01 11d:21h:14m 11th ISS assembly flight 7A.1, Leonardo MPLM; delivered Expedition 3 crew (Culbertson, Dezhurov, Tyurin), returned Expedition 2 crew (Usachyov, Voss, Helms); 2 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 11h:45m.

Soyuz TM-33 (Russia) Viktor Afanasyev (up), Konstantin Kozeyev (up), Claudie Haignere (up), Yuri Gidzenko (down), Roberto Vittori (down), Mark Shuttleworth (down) 21-Oct-01 5-May-02 195d:18h:52m Exchanged Soyuz TM-33 for TM-32 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

STS-108, Endeavour (USA) Dominic Gorie, Mark Kelly, Linda Godwin, Daniel Tani, Yuri Onufrienko (up), Carl Walz (up), Daniel Bursch (up), Frank Culbertson (down), Vladimir Dezhurov (down), Mikhail Tyurin (down) 5-Dec-01 17-Dec-01 11d:19h:37m ISS utilization flight UF-1, Raffaello MPLM, GAS, MACH-1; delivered Expedition 4 crew (Onufrienko, Walz, Bursch), returned Expedition 3 crew (Culbertson, Dezhurov, Tyurin); 1 EVA for 2 crew totaling 4h:12m.

STS-109, Columbia (USA) Scott Altman, Duane Carey, John Grunsfeld, Nancy Currie, James Newman, Richard Linnehan, Michael Massimino 1-Mar-02 12-Mar-02 10d:22h:11m 4th Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission, Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS); 5 EVA for 4 crew totaling 35h:55m.

STS-110, Atlantis (USA) Michael Bloomfield, Stephen Frick, Jerry Ross, Steven Smith, Ellen Ochoa, Lee Morin, Rex Walheim 8-Apr-02 19-Apr-02 10d:19h:44m ISS assembly flight 8A, Center Integrated Truss Assembly S0 (ITS S0), Mobile Transporter (MT); 4 EVA for 4 crew totaling 28h:22m.

Soyuz TM-34 (Russia) Yuri Gidzenko (up), Roberto Vittori (up), Mark Shuttleworth (up), Sergei Zalyotin (down), Frank De Winne (down), Yuri Lonchakov (down) 25-Apr-02 10-Nov-02 198d:17h:38m Exchanged Soyuz TM-34 for TM-33 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; Shuttleworth first South African in space and 2nd space tourist.

STS-111, Endeavour (USA) Kenneth Cockrell, Paul Lockhart, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Philippe Perrin, Valeri Korzun (up), Sergei Treschev (up), Peggy Whitson (up), Yuri Onufrienko (down), Carl Walz (down), Daniel Bursch (down) 5-Jun-02 19-Jun-02 13d:20h:36m ISS utilization flight UF-2, Leonardo MPLM, Mobile Base System (MBS); delivered Expedition 5 crew (Korzun, Treschev, Whitson), returned Expedition 4 crew (Onufrienko, Walz, Bursch); 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 19h:31m.

STS-112, Atlantis (USA) Jeffrey Ashby, Pamela Melroy, David Wolf, Piers Sellers, Sandra Magnus, Fyodor Yurchikhin 7-Oct-02 18-Oct-02 10d:19h:59m ISS assembly flight 9A, Integrated Truss Assembly S1 (ITS S1), Crew Equipment Translation Aid (CETA); 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 19h:41m.

Soyuz TMA-1 (Russia) Sergei Zalyotin (up), Frank De Winne (up), Yuri Lonchakov (up), Nikolai Budarin (down), Kenneth Bowersox (down), Donald Pettit (down) 30-Oct-02 04-May-03 185d:22h:53m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-1 for TM-34 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; returned Expedition 6 crew (Bowersox, Budarin, Pettit).

STS-113, Endeavour (USA) James Wetherbee, Paul Lockhart, Michael Lopez-Alegria, John Herrington, Kenneth Bowersox (up), Nikolai Budarin (up), Donald Pettit (up), Valeri Korzun (down), Sergei Treschev (down), Peggy Whitson (down) 24-Nov-02 7-Dec-02 13d:18h:49m ISS assembly flight 11A, Integrated Truss Assembly P1 (ITS P1), CETA; delivered Expedition 6 crew (Bowersox, Budarin, Pettit), returned Expedition 5 crew (Korzun, Treschev, Whitson); 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 19h:55m.

STS-107, Columbia (USA) Rick Husband, William McCool, Michael Anderson, Kalpana Chawla, David Brown, Laurel Clark, Ilan Ramon 16-Jan-03 1-Feb-03 15d:22h:20m Spacehab-DM, Freestar; Ramon first Israeli in space; orbiter broke up during reentry resulting in the loss of both vehicle and crew.

Soyuz TMA-2 (Russia) Yuri Malenchenko, Edward Lu, Pedro Duque (down) 26-Apr-03 27-Oct-03 183d:22h:46m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-2 for TMA-1 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered & returned Expedition 7 crew (Malenchenko, Lu).

Shenzhou 5 (China) Yang Liwei 15-Oct-03 15-Oct-03 21h:23m First Chinese manned flight (14 orbits).

Soyuz TMA-3 (Russia) Aleksandr Kaleri, Michael Foale, Pedro Duque (up), Andre Kuipers (down) 18-Oct-03 30-Apr-04 194d:18h:33m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-3 for TMA-2 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered & returned Expedition 8 crew (Foale, Kaleri); Duque first Spaniard in space.

Soyuz TMA-4 (Russia) Gennadi Padalka, Michael Fincke, Andre Kuipers (up), Yuri Shargin (down) 19-Apr-04 24-Oct-04 187d:21h:16m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-4 for TMA-3 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered & returned Expedition 9 crew (Padalka, Fincke).

SpaceShipOne, Flight 15 (private) Michael Melvill 21-Jun-04 21-Jun-04 24m:05s First privately funded, non-government manned space flight; suborbital reaching 328,491 feet (100,124 m) altitude.

SpaceShipOne, Flight 16 (private) Michael Melvill 29-Sep-04 29-Sep-04 24m:11s First of two flights to claim Ansari X-prize; suborbital reaching 337,569 feet (102,891 m) altitude.

SpaceShipOne, Flight 17 (private) Brian Binnie 4-Oct-04 4-Oct-04 23m:56s Second of two flights to claim Ansari X-prize; suborbital reaching 367,442 feet (111,997 m) setting rocket-plane altitude record.

Soyuz TMA-5 (Russia) Salizhan Sharipov, Leroy Chiao, Yuri Shargin (up), Roberto Vittori (down) 14-Oct-04 24-Apr-05 192d:19h:02m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-5 for TMA-4 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered & returned Expedition 10 crew (Chiao, Sharipov).

Soyuz TMA-6 (Russia) Sergei Krikalyov, John Phillips, Roberto Vittori (up), Gregory Olsen (down) 15-Apr-05 11-Oct-05 179d:00h:23m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-6 for TMA-5 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 11 crew (Krikalyov, Phillips).

STS-114, Discovery (USA) Eileen Collins, James Kelly, Charles Camarda, Wendy Lawrence, Soichi Noguchi, Stephen Robinson, Andrew Thomas 26-Jul-05 09-Aug-05 13d:21h:33m ISS logistics flight LF-1, Raffaello MPLM, deployed ESP-2; test and evaluate new safety procedures; 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 20h:05m.

Soyuz TMA-7 (Russia) Valeri Tokarev, William McArthur, Gregory Olsen (up), Macros Pontes (down) 1-Oct-05 08-Apr-06 189d:19h:53m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-7 for TMA-6 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 12 crew (McArthur, Tokarev); Olsen 3rd space tourist.

Shenzhou 6 (China) Fei Junlong, Nie Haishen 12-Oct-05 16-Oct-05 4d:19h:32m Second Chinese manned flight; first two man crew (76 orbits).

Soyuz TMA-8 (Russia) Pavel Vinogradov, Jeffrey Williams, Macros Pontes (up), Anousheh Ansari (down) 30-Mar-06 29-Sep-06 182d:22h:43m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-8 for TMA-7 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 13 crew (Vinogradov, Williams); Pontes first Brazilain in space.

STS-121, Discovery (USA) Steve Lindsey, Mark Kelly, Mike Fossum, Lisa Nowak, Stephanie Wilson, Piers Sellers, Thomas Reiter (up) 4-Jul-06 17-Jul-06 12d:18h:37m ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-1.1, Leonardo MPLM, performed ISS maintenance, delivered supplies & crewmember Reiter, tested new safety equipment & procedures; 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 21h:29m.

STS-115, Atlantis (USA) Brent Jett, Christopher Ferguson, Joseph Tanner, Daniel Burbank, Steven MacLean, Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper 9-Sep-06 21-Sep-06 11d:19h:07m ISS assembly flight 12A, installed the P3/P4 integrated truss and second set of solar arrays with rotary joint; 3 EVA for 4 crew totaling 20h:19m.

Soyuz TMA-9 (Russia) Mikhail Tyurin, Michael Lopez-Alegria, Anousheh Ansari (up), Charles Simonyi (down) 18-Sep-06 21-Apr-07 215d:08h:23m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-9 for TMA-8 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 14 crew (Lopez-Alegria, Tyurin). Ansari 4th space tourist (first female), first Iranian-American in space.

STS-116, Discovery (USA) Mark Polansky, William Oefelein, Robert Curbeam, Joan Higginbotham, Nicholas Patrick, Christer Fuglesang, Sunita Williams (up), Thomas Reiter (down) 9-Dec-06 22-Dec-06 12d:20h:45m ISS assembly flight 12A.1, installed the P5 integrated truss, rewired ISS power system, Spacehab-SM, exchanged crewmembers Williams & Reiter; 4 EVA for 3 crew totaling 25h:45m, record 4 EVA in one mission by Curbeam; Fuglesang first Swede in space.

Soyuz TMA-10 (Russia) Fyodor Yurchikhin, Oleg Kotov, Charles Simonyi (up), Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor (down) 7-Apr-07 21-Oct-07 196d:17h:05m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-10 for TMA-9 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 15 crew (Yurchikhin, Kotov); Simonyi 5th space tourist.

STS-117, Atlantis (USA) Frederick Sturchow, Lee Archambault, Patrick Forrester, Steven Swanson, John Olivas, James Reilly, Clayton Anderson (up), Sunita Williams (down) 8-Jun-07 22-Jun-07 13d:20h:12m ISS assembly flight 13A, installed the S3/S4 integrated truss and third set of solar arrays with rotary joint, exchanged crewmembers Anderson & Williams; 4 EVA for 4 crew totaling 27h:58m.

STS-118, Endeavour (USA) Scott Kelly, Charles Hobaugh, Tracy Caldwell, Richard Mastracchio, Dafydd Williams, Barbara Morgan, B. Alvin Drew 8-Aug-07 21-Aug-07 12d:17h:56m ISS assembly flight 13A.1, installed the S5 integrated truss, deployed ESP-3, replaced CMG-3; first use of station-to-shuttle power transfer system (SSPTS); 4 EVA for 2 crew + 1 ISS crew totaling 23h:15m.

Soyuz TMA-11 (Russia) Yuri Malenchenko, Peggy Whitson, Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor (up), Yi So-yeon (down) 10-Oct-07 19-Apr-08 191d:19h:07m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-11 for TMA-10 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 16 crew (Whitson, Malenchenko). Shukor first Malaysian in space; Whitson first female ISS commander.

STS-120, Discovery (USA) Pamela Melroy, George Zamka, Scott Parazynski, Stephanie Wilson, Douglas Wheelock, Paolo Nespoli, Daniel Tani (up), Clayton Anderson (down) 23-Oct-07 7-Nov-07 15d:02h:24m ISS assembly flight 10A, installed Harmony Node 2 module, relocated P6 integrated truss, exchanged crewmembers Tani & Anderson; 4 EVA for 3 crew totaling 27h:14m.

STS-122, Atlantis (USA) Stephen Frick, Alan Poindexter, Leland Melvin, Rex Walheim, Hans Schlegel, Stanley Love, Leopold Eyharts (up), Daniel Tani (down) 7-Feb-08 20-Feb-08 12d:18h:22m ISS assembly flight 1E, delivered ESA's Columbus Laboratory, exchanged crewmembers Eyharts & Tani; 3 EVA for 3 crew totaling 22h:08m.

STS-123, Endeavour (USA) Dominic Gorie, Gregory Johnson, Robert Behnken, Michael Foreman, Richard Linnehan, Takao Doi, Garrett Reisman (up), Leopold Eyharts (down) 11-Mar-08 27-Mar-08 15d:18h:12m ISS assembly flight 1J/A, delivered Japanese Kibo Experiment Logistics Module and Canadian Dextre Robotics System, first full utilization of SSPTS, exchanged crewmembers Reisman & Eyharts; 5 EVA for 4 crew totaling 33h:28m.

Soyuz TMA-12 (Russia) Sergei Volkov, Oleg Kononenko, Yi So-yeon (up), Richard Garriott (down) 8-Apr-08 24-Oct-08 198d:16h:20m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-12 for TMA-11 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 17 crew (Volkov, Kononenko). Yi first Korean in space; Volkov first 2nd generation cosmonaut.

STS-124, Discovery (USA) Mark Kelly, Kenneth Ham, Karen Nyberg, Ronald Garan, Michael Fossum, Akihiko Hoshide, Gregory Chamitoff (up), Garrett Reisman (down) 31-May-08 14-Jun-08 13d:18h:13m ISS assembly flight 1J, delivered Japanese Kibo Pressurized Module and Remote Manipulator System, exchanged crewmembers Chamitoff & Reisman; 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 20h:32m.

Shenzhou 7 (China) Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming, Jing Haipeng 25-Sep-08 28-Sep-08 2d:20h:27m First Chinese three man crew; first Chinese EVA by Zhai (20 min); released sub-satellite (40 kg).

Soyuz TMA-13 (Russia) Yuri Lonchakov, Michael Fincke, Richard Garriott (up), Charles Simonyi (down) 12-Oct-08 08-Apr-09 178d:00h:14m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-13 for TMA-12 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 18 crew (Fincke, Lonchakov). Tourist Garriott first 2nd generation American in space.

STS-126, Endeavour (USA) Christopher Ferguson, Eric Boe, Donald Pettit, Stephen Bowen, Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper, Robert Kimbrough, Sandra Magnus (up), Gregory Chamitoff (down) 15-Nov-08 30-Nov-08 15d:20h:30m ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-2, Leonardo MPLM, delivered life support & habitability systems, performed ISS maintenance, exchanged crewmembers Magnus & Chamitoff; 4 EVA for 3 crew totaling 26h:41m.

STS-119, Discovery (USA) Lee Archambault, Dominic Antonelli, Joseph Acaba, Steven Swanson, Richard Arnold, John Phillips, Koichi Wakata (up), Sandra Magnus (down) 15-Mar-09 28-Mar-09 12d:19h:30m ISS assembly flight 15A, installed the S6 integrated truss and fourth set of solar arrays, exchanged crewmembers Wakata & Magnus; 3 EVA for 3 crew totaling 19h:04m.

Soyuz TMA-14 (Russia) Gennadi Padalka, Michael Barratt, Charles Simonyi (up), Guy Laliberté (down) 26-Mar-09 11-Oct-09 198d:16h:42m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-14 for TMA-13 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 19/20 crew (Padalka, Barratt). Simonyi makes second trip as space tourist.

STS-125, Atlantis (USA) Scott Altman, Gregory Johnson, Michael Good, Megan McArthur, John Grunsfeld, Mike Massimino, Andrew Feustel 11-May-09 24-May-09 12d:21h:37m Fifth Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission (last planned); 5 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 36h:56m.

Soyuz TMA-15 (Russia) Roman Romanenko, Frank De Winne, Robert Thirsk 27-May-09 1-Dec-09 187d:20h:41m Delivered Expedition 20/21 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle. Start of six-person crew operations on ISS.

STS-127, Endeavour (USA) Mark Polansky, Douglas Hurley, Christopher Cassidy, Julie Payette, Thomas Marshburn, David Wolf, Timothy Kopra (up), Koichi Wakata (down) 15-Jun-09 31-Jul-09 15d:16h:45m ISS assembly flight 2J/A, delivered Japanese Kibo Exposed Facility and Exposed Section of Experiment Logistics Module, exchanged crewmembers Kopra & Wakata; 5 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 30h:30m.

STS-128, Discovery (USA) Frederick Sturckow, Kevin Ford, Patrick Forrester, Jose Hernandez, Christer Fuglesang, John Olivas, Nicole Stott (up), Timothy Kopra (down) 29-Aug-09 12-Sep-09 13d:20h:54m ISS assembly flight 17A, Leonardo MPLM, Lightweight Multi-Purpose Experiment Support Structure Carrier, exchanged crewmembers Stott & Kopra; 3 EVAs for 3 crew totaling 20h:15m.

Soyuz TMA-16 (Russia) Maksim Surayev, Jeffrey Williams, Guy Laliberté (up) 30-Sep-09 18-Mar-10 169d:04h:10m Exchanged Soyuz TMA-16 for TMA-14 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 21/22 crew (Williams, Surayev). Laliberté first Canadian space tourist.

STS-129, Atlantis (USA) Charles Hobaugh, Barry Wilmore, Leland Melvin, Randolph Bresnik, Michael Foreman, Robert Satcher, Nicole Stott (down) 16-Nov-09 27-Nov-09 10d:19h:16m ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-3, ExPRESS Logistic Carriers ELC-1 & ELC-2, delivered spare components; 3 EVAs for 3 crew totaling 18h:27m.

Soyuz TMA-17 (Russia) Oleg Kotov, Timothy Creamer, Soichi Noguchi 20-Dec-09 2-Jun-10 163d:05h:32m Delivered Expedition 22/23 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

STS-130, Endeavour (USA) George Zamka, Terry Virts, Kathryn Hire, Stephen Robinson, Nicholas Patrick, Robert Behnken 8-Feb-10 22-Feb-10 13d:18h:08m ISS assembly flight 20A, delivered Tranquility Module (Node 3) and Cupola; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 18h:14m.

Soyuz TMA-18 (Russia) Aleksandr Skvortsov, Mikhail Korniyenko, Tracy Caldwell-Dyson 2-Apr-10 25-Sep-10 176d:01h:19m Delivered Expedition 23/24 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

STS-131, Discovery (USA) Alan Poindexter, James Dutton, Richard Mastracchio, Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger, Stephanie Wilson, Naoko Yamazaki, Clayton Anderson 5-Apr-10 20-Apr-10 15d:02h:47m ISS assembly flight 19A, Leonardo MPLM, replaced ammonia tank & rate gyro assemblies; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 20h:17m.

STS-132, Atlantis (USA) Kenneth Ham, Dominic Antonelli, Garrett Reisman, Michael Good, Stephen Bowen, Piers Sellers 14-May-10 26-May-10 11d:18h:29m ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-4, delivered Russian Rassvet Mini-Research Module; 3 EVAs for 3 crew totaling 21h:20m.

Soyuz TMA-19 (Russia) Fyodor Yurchikhin, Shannon Walker, Douglas Wheelock 15-Jun-10 26-Nov-10 163d:07h:11m Delivered Expedition 24/25 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-01M (Russia) Aleksandr Kaleri, Oleg Skripochka, Scott Kelly 7-Oct-10 16-Mar-11 159d:08h:43m Delivered Expedition 25/26 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-20 (Russia) Dmitri Kondratiyev, Paolo Nespoli, Catherine Coleman 15-Dec-10 24-May-11 159d:07h:18m Delivered Expedition 26/27 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

STS-133, Discovery (USA) Steven Lindsey, Eric Boe, Nicole Stott, Alvin Drew, Michael Barratt, Stephen Bowen 24-Feb-11 9-Mar-11 12d:19h:05m ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-5, ExPRESS Logistics Carrier ELC-4, Permanent Multi-Purpose Module (PMM); 2 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 12h:48m. Last flight of Discovery.

Soyuz TMA-21 (Russia) Andrei Borisenko, Aleksandr Samokutyayev, Ronald Garan 4-Apr-11 16-Sep-11 164d:05h:41m Delivered Expedition 27/28 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

STS-134, Endeavour (USA) Mark Kelly, Gregory Johnson, Michael Fincke, Roberto Vittori, Andrew Feustel, Gregory Chamitoff 16-May-11 1-Jun-11 15d:17h:39m ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-6, ExPRESS Logistics Carrier ELC-3, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS); 4 EVAs for 3 crew totaling 28h:44m. Last flight of Endeavour.

Soyuz TMA-02M (Russia) Sergei Volkov, Michael Fossum, Satoshi Furukawa 7-Jun-11 22-Nov-11 167d:06h:14m Delivered Expedition 28/29 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

STS-135, Atlantis (USA) Christopher Ferguson, Douglas Hurley, Sandra Magnus, Rex Walheim 8-Jul-11 21-Jul-11 12d:18h:29m ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-7, Raffaello MPLM, Lightweight Multi-Purpose Carrier (LMC). Last flight of Atlantis, final mission of Space Shuttle program.

Tiangong-1 (China) Unmanned space station 29-Sep-11 TBD TBD First Chinese space station; occupied by Shenzhou 9 & 10 crews.

Soyuz TMA-22 (Russia) Anton Shkaplerov, Anatoli Ivanishin, Daniel Burbank 14-Nov-11 27-Apr-12 165d:07h:31m Delivered Expedition 29/30 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-03M (Russia) Oleg Kononenko, Andre Kuipers, Donald Pettit 21-Dec-11 1-Jul-12 192d:18h:58m Delivered Expedition 30/31 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-04M (Russia) Gennady Padalka, Sergei Revin, Joseph Acaba 15-May-12 17-Sep-12 124d:23h:52m Delivered Expedition 31/32 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Shenzhou 9 (China) Jing Haipeng, Liu Wang, Liu Yang 16-Jun-12 29-Jun-12 12d:15h:24m First manned mission to Tiangong-1; performed China's first manned rendezvous and docking. Jing Haipeng becomes China's first repeat astronaut; Liu Yang first Chinese woman in space.

Soyuz TMA-05M (Russia) Yuri Malenchenko, Sunita Williams, Akihiko Hoshide 15-Jul-12 19-Nov-12 126d:23h:13m Delivered Expedition 32/33 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-06M (Russia) Oleg Novitskiy, Evgeny Tarelkin, Kevin Ford 23-Oct-12 16-Mar-13 143d:16h:20m Delivered Expedition 33/34 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-07M (Russia) Roman Romanenko, Chris Hadfield, Thomas Marshburn 19-Dec-12 14-May-13 145d:14h:18m Delivered Expedition 34/35 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-08M (Russia) Pavel Vinogradov, Alexander Misurkin, Christopher Cassidy 28-Mar-13 11-Sep-13 166d:06h:15m Delivered Expedition 35/36 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-09M (Russia) Fyodor Yurchikhin, Karen Nyberg, Luca Parmitano 28-May-13 11-Nov-13 166d:06h:18m Delivered Expedition 36/37 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Shenzhou 10 (China) Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang, Wang Yaping 11-Jun-13 26-Jun-13 14d:14h:29m Second and final manned mission to Tiangong-1; Chinese endurance record.

Soyuz TMA-10M (Russia) Oleg Kotov, Sergey Ryazansky, Michael Hopkins 25-Sep-13 11-Mar-14 166d:06h:25m Delivered Expedition 37/38 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-11M (Russia) Mikhail Tyurin, Richard Mastracchio, Koichi Wakata 07-Nov-13 14-May-14 187d:21h:44m Delivered Expedition 38/39 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-12M (Russia) Aleksandr Skvortsov, Oleg Artemyev, Steven Swanson 25-Mar-14 11-Sep-14 169d:05h:06m Delivered Expedition 39/40 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-13M (Russia) Maksim Surayev, Gregory Wiseman, Alexander Gerst 28-May-14 10-Nov-14 165d:08h:00m Delivered Expedition 40/41 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-14M (Russia) Aleksandr Samokutyayev, Yelena Serova, Barry Wilmore 25-Sep-14 12-Mar-14 167d:05h:42m Delivered Expedition 41/42 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-15M (Russia) Anton Shkaplerov, Samantha Cristoforetti, Terry Virts 23-Nov-14 11-Jun-15 199d:16h:43m Delivered Expedition 42/43 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.

Soyuz TMA-16M (Russia) Gennady Padalka, Mikhail Korniyenko (up), Scott Kelly (up), Andreas Mogensen (down), Aidyn Aimbetov (down) 27-Mar-15 12-Sep-15 168d:05h:08m Delivered Expedition 43/44 (Padalka, Kelly, Korniyenko) and 45/46 (Kelly, Korniyenko) crews; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle. Kelly & Korniyenko to perform first one-year stay at ISS.

Soyuz TMA-17M (Russia) Oleg Kononenko, Kimiya Yui, Kjell Lindgren 22-Jul-15 planned

11-Dec-15 planned

142 days Delivered Expedition 44/45 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.