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Even before electronic cigarettes came a long, there were researchers and experts growing increasingly uneasy with nicotine and tobacco being treated as almost synonymous in the research community. Research into nicotine and its effects on the body often took it as a given that the nicotine in question was coming from tobacco and smoking. This raised issues when nicotine was made to look extremely poisonous, cancerous, and addictive.

In actuality, it is combusted tobacco cigarettes that are extremely poisonous, cancerous, and addictive. Nicotine itself is poisonous and addictive, but not to the degree that accepted research often claims.

First, let’s tackle the idea that nicotine is poisonous. Many things are poisonous at high doses. Historically, it was believed that around 40 milligrams of nicotine (two cigarettes worth) could be enough to kill an adult non-smoker. More recent research suggests that the amount is closer to 500 or 1000 milligrams (about an eighth or a quarter of a teaspoon) — which would have to be administered rapidly. Poisoning from e-liquid when used appropriately is unlikely given that even strong e-liquids often possess about 24 milligrams per milliliter.

On the addictiveness of nicotine research is finding that — in the absence of the 10,000 to 100,000 other compounds in tobacco smoke — nicotine just isn’t that addictive. While it is addictive in its pure form to a degree, it is not reinforcing enough on its own. Research even finds that animals won’t self-administer nicotine the way they will with cocaine. It takes a lot more than just nicotine to make cigarettes addictive.

Despite this, many individuals use nicotine as shorthand for the addictive quality of cigarettes and smoking. Meanwhile, it seems both smokers and non-smokers that begin using electronic cigarettes find it rather easy to quit the products when they want to. By offering the nicotine without the reinforcing factors that smoking gives it, electronic cigarettes appear capable of breaking smoking addiction.

Cancerous? Nicotine is not a carcinogen.

For the first time in centuries, the world has a way to consume nicotine efficiently without smoke. Many experts express concern about e-cigs addicting youth, e-liquid poisonings on the rise, and e-cigs providing a pathway from non-smoking to smoking. Thus far, however, the evidence suggests e-cigs are further lowering smoking rates among teens or only being used by teens that already smoke, e-liquid poisonings are not as concerning as opponents would suggest, and smoking cessation through e-cig use may be the miracle cure to a global smoking epidemic that still exists today.