Russia has submitted a bid to the UN claiming vast territories in the Arctic, the country’s foreign ministry said on Tuesday.

The ministry said in a statement that Russia is claiming 1.2m sq km (over 463,000 sq miles) of sea shelf extending more than 350 nautical miles (about 650km) from the shore.

Russia, the US, Canada, Denmark and Norway have all been trying to assert jurisdiction over parts of the Arctic, which is believed to hold up to a quarter of the planet’s undiscovered oil and gas. Rivalry for resources has intensified as shrinking polar ice is opening up new exploration opportunities.

Russia was the first to submit a claim in 2002, but the UN sent it back for lack of evidence.

The ministry said the resubmitted bid contains new arguments. “Ample scientific data collected in years of Arctic research are used to back the Russian claim,” it said.

Russia expects the UN commission on the limits of the continental shelf to start looking at its bid in the autumn, the ministry said.

Vladimir Chuprov, campaigner for Greenpeace Russia, said: “The melting of the Arctic ice is uncovering a new and vulnerable sea, but countries like Russia and Norway want to turn it into the next Saudi Arabia. Unless we act together, this region could be dotted with oil wells and fishing fleets within our lifetimes.”

In 2007, Moscow staked a symbolic claim to the Arctic seabed by dropping a canister containing the Russian flag on to the ocean floor from a small submarine at the north pole.

The Russian flag planted on the Arctic Ocean seabed in 2007. Photograph: Associated Press

Amid tensions with the west over Ukraine, the Kremlin has moved to beef up Russian military forces in the Arctic. The effort has included the restoration of a Soviet-era base on the New Siberian Islands and other military outposts in the region. Russian officials said the facilities are needed to protect shipping routes that link Europe with the Pacific region across the Arctic Ocean.

Earlier this year, the military conducted sweeping manoeuvres in the Arctic that involved 38,000 servicemen, more than 50 ships and submarines, and 110 aircraft. As part of the drills, the military demonstrated its capability to quickly build up its forces on the Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land archipelagos.