Data and Methods

Foul and violation data comes from the NBA's play-by-play source, from the 2016-17 regular season to the end of the 2018-19 regular season. It also includes data from 2016-17 and 2017-18 playoffs. Available in our data repo. Last Two Minute Report data from The Pudding’s analysis.

Due to reporting inconsistencies, play-by-play data could not be obtained for 9 games (1 from the 2016-17 regular season and 8 from the 2017-18 regular season).

Although we cite 140 missed calls from the L2M report, there are actually 40 more that are not included due to being only “detectable with stop watch” or “observable in enhanced video” according to the NBA.

We reached out to NBA officials for comment but got no response.

Music is Acid Jazz by Kevin MacLeod (Creative Commons).