But even as the book, which is still in print, appeared, Mr. Carmichael's speeches became more provocative. ''When you talk of black power, you talk of building a movement that will smash everything Western civilization has created,'' he told black audiences. And as civil unrest flared in Detroit and Newark, Mr. Carmichael's call became associated, as Mr. Hamilton put it, ''with riots and guns and 'burn, baby, burn.' ''

Instead of young people singing ''We Shall Overcome,'' new images of militant black men and women were being shown on television -- black berets, raised fists, men with guns. And along with goals of social justice and integration came ideas of black separatism and power harking back to the black nationalism that had been preached in the 1920's by Marcus Garvey.

In 1966 and 1967 Mr. Carmichael lectured at campuses around the United States and traveled abroad to several countries, including North Vietnam, China and Cuba. He made perhaps his most provocative statement in Havana. ''We are preparing groups of urban guerrillas for our defense in the cities,'' he said. ''It is going to be a fight to the death.''

In 1967 a declining SNCC severed all ties with him. Soon after, he became honorary prime minister of the Black Panthers, the ultra-militant urban organization begun by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. But he soon found himself embroiled with Panther leaders for opposing their decision to seek support among whites. He moved to Guinea, in West Africa, in 1969, saying, ''America does not belong to the blacks,'' and calling on all black Americans to follow his example.

Even Black Panthers Not Radical Enough

In July 1969, three months after he moved to Africa, he made public a letter announcing his resignation from the Black Panther Party because of what he called ''its dogmatic party line favoring alliances with white radicals.''

The letter signaled Mr. Carmichael's break from the main currents of American life. He made his home in Conakry as the guest of Sekou Toure, the Marxist head of a one-party state. His next-door neighbor was Kwame Nkrumah, the Pan-Africanist first leader of independent Ghana, who after being deposed in a coup in 1966 was offered sanctuary in Guinea.

In 1968, now calling himself Kwame Ture, he married Miriam Makeba, the South African singer. They lived in a seaside villa where he sometimes greeted visitors wearing the green uniform of a Guinean soldier, a pistol at his side. After they divorced, he married Marlyatou Barry, a Guinean doctor who now lives in Arlington, Va., and from whom he was also divorced. He is survived by his mother, three sisters and two sons, according to a statement by the All African Peoples Revolutionary Party.