LONDON — Britain on Monday announced new measures intended to prevent the radicalization of young Muslims, stoking a debate about how aggressively the government can confront extremist ideology without alienating the moderate voices best placed to combat it.

Publishing a new counterextremism strategy, the government outlined a range of plans, including moves to prevent radical material from being posted online and to bar anyone who expresses conviction to commit terrorist crimes or extremist activities from working with children.

A panel will examine the application of Shariah law in Britain, and another will seek to ensure that schools, colleges, local authorities and health services are protected against infiltration by extremists.

Prime Minister David Cameron has described the battle against Islamic extremism as one of the great struggles of his generation, and on Monday he argued that combating it had also involved promoting national values such as tolerance and an understanding of different faiths.