More broadly, the U.S. remained the biggest market for I.P.O.s. Overall, 467 companies went public worldwide during the first half of 2019, raising $63 billion. Nearly half of those proceeds came from companies listing on U.S. exchanges — the country’s best showing since 2014.

But Europe disappointed. I.P.O. volume there tumbled: Just 42 companies listed shares on European exchanges during the first six months of the year, raising $10 billion. That’s the fewest companies since 2009 and the least raised since 2011.

And there was one notable non-I.P.O. The messaging company Slack eschewed convention and chose a direct listing, in which companies enter the public market but do not issue new shares or raise additional capital. The success of its listing (its shares rose about 50 percent on the first day of trading) and of Spotify’s (which went public through a direct listing last year) mean we can probably expect to see more of this in the future.

Morgan Stanley topped the rankings of I.P.O. bookrunners globally, followed by Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan. Citigroup and Bank of America rounded out the top 5.

M.&.A. bounces back

Deal making rebounded strongly in the first half of the year, thanks mainly to a slew of transactions ringing in above the $10 billion mark.

It was the third-strongest first half on record. The total value of global transactions increased 15 percent from the final six months of 2018, to about $2 trillion, according to data from Refinitiv. But it was down 12 percent compared to the first six months of 2018.

• So-called megamergers, which are valued at $10 billion or more, accounted for 42 percent of the total.