McDonald’s has moved the base for its non-US operation from Luxembourg to the UK after coming under attack from EU regulators over its tax arrangements.

While the move away from Luxembourg appears politically motivated, McDonald's signalled that the choice of the UK as the destination was a vote of confidence in the UK after the Brexit vote.

“McDonald’s selected the UK for the location of its new international holding structure because [of the] significant number of staff based in London working on our international business, language and connections to other markets,” it said in a statement.

The burger chain’s tax arrangements in Luxembourg have been under intense scrutiny by EU antitrust officials and trade unions and tax justice campaigners have alleged that it avoided more than €1bn (£840m) in taxes in Europe between 2009 and 2013.

An EU official said earlier this year that the McDonald’s case shows “just how far some companies push tax authorities to avoid paying any taxes”.

McDonald’s Luxembourg holding company owned the brand’s lucrative intellectual property rights outside the US, receiving royalties for use of the name, logo and trademarks from franchises in other countries and taking advantage of Luxembourg’s low tax rates.

By routing profits through Luxembourg in this way, McDonald’s reduced its tax burden in other countries around the world – the countries where it actually makes and sells its burgers.

Luxembourg itself has come under fire for offering companies “sweetheart” deals to set up in the Grand Duchy. An analysis by the FT found that the company paid an effective tax rate of 1.49 per cent on $1.8bn it earned at its Luxembourg holding company, well below the country’s official tax rate of 29.2 per cent.

“McDonald’s pays a significant amount of corporate taxes,” the company said. “From 2011-2015, we paid more than $2.5bn in corporate taxes in the EU, with an average tax rate approaching 27 per cent.”

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Many multinationals have used similar structures but critics say they distort the true operations of the company in order to gain a tax advantage that legislators never intended.