I. Stress and concerns with welfare have increased, particularly in schools enrolling few white students.

II. Polarization, incivility and reliance on unsubstantiated sources have risen, particularly in predominantly white schools.

III. A growing number of schools, particularly predominantly white schools, became hostile environments for racial and religious minorities and other vulnerable groups.

IV. While some school leaders avoided issues related to the political environment, others moved proactively to create a tolerant and respectful school culture. When leaders did not act, student behavior grew dramatically worse.

V. As the national political environment has become more threatening, bellicose and uncivil, more young people are subject to adverse socio-emotional and academic consequences. These changes also undercut the democratic purposes of public education.

VI. Educators can mitigate some of these challenges, but they need more support. Ultimately, political leaders need to address the underlying causes of campus incivility and stress.