[Editor's note: This article is part of our series of articles on installing and upgrading to Mavericks.]

Apple has released Mavericks (OS X 10.9), but before you rush out and install the new OS, you’ll want to get your Mac ready for the upgrade.

As with Mountain Lion (OS X 10.8) last year, and Lion (OS X 10.7) before that, Apple is advertising Mavericks as a major upgrade that’s nevertheless simple to install. But as with every big upgrade to OS X, there are a few things you can do before upgrading to ensure that your Mac is ready to go.

What you need

The new version of OS X supports any Mac that works with Mountain Lion and is already running OS X 10.6.8 or later. Here’s the list of compatible models:

iMac (Mid 2007 or newer)

MacBook (Late 2008 Aluminum, or Early 2009 or newer)

MacBook Air (Late 2008 or newer)

MacBook Pro 13-inch (Mid-2009 or newer)

MacBook Pro 15-inch (Mid/Late 2007 or newer)

MacBook Pro 17-inch (Late 2007 or newer)

Mac mini (Early 2009 or newer)

Mac Pro (Early 2008 or newer)

Xserve (Early 2009)

(Note that while all of the above computers can install Mavericks, some features, such as Power Nap, AirPlay mirroring and extended desktop, and AirDrop, have stricter requirements.)

Apple also says you need at least 2GB of RAM (memory), but in my experience, you’ll enjoy better results with at least 4GB. If you have only 2GB installed—and especially if you have only 1GB—you should consider a hardware upgrade, if that’s possible with your particular Mac model, before installing Mavericks. A word of advice here: If you don’t buy your RAM directly from Apple, be sure you get RAM that’s specifically guaranteed for use in Macs. Some third-party RAM that’s not up to Apple’s specs will cause problems when you upgrade your OS. Most reputable vendors will make it clear which RAM they offer is compatible with Macs.

Similarly, Apple states that you should have at least 8GB of free space on your Mac’s drive to install a major OS X update, but I recommend playing it safe by aiming for 15GB to 20GB—the Mavericks installer itself is 5.3GB in size, and you'll need some room for temporary files. (You may also find, especially if you’re upgrading from Snow Leopard, that some of Maverick’s features require more “everyday” free space, as was the case with Lion and Mountain Lion.) If you need to free up space on your drive, you can use a utility such as WhatSize or GrandPerspective to help you find big files you can get rid of. We’ve also covered some specific suggestions for freeing up drive space.

In Lion and Mountain Lion, you can check your Mac's specs using the About This Mac window (left); Snow Leopard users can use Mactracker to identify their Mac model (right).

Not sure which Mac you own or how much RAM or free drive space it has? Choose About This Mac from the Apple Menu, and then click More Info. In Mountain Lion and Lion, the resulting window displays, by default, your computer model and year/version. Click the Storage tab to view your drive’s free space, and click Memory to check the amount of RAM. In Snow Leopard, you get a System Profiler window—select Memory to check the RAM amount: Select Serial-ATA, and then select your drive’s name on the right, to see your free drive space.

Unfortunately, Snow Leopard’s System Profiler window doesn’t display your Mac’s actual model year/version. However, the excellent Mactracker (Mac App Store link) makes it easy to find this information. Just launch MacTracker and select This Mac on the left, and your Mac’s MacTracker entry—complete with its official model year/version—is displayed to the right.

Apple’s requirement that your Mac be running OS X 10.6.8 or later (including any version of 10.7 or 10.8) is also important. The main reason for this restriction is that, like Lion and Mountain Lion before it, Mavericks is available only via the Mac App Store; and though the Mac App Store requires Mac OS X 10.6.6, Apple recommends OS X 10.6.8 because enhancements in that version make upgrades to later versions of OS X go more smoothly.

In addition, Apple recommends—as I do—that you install the very latest updates to Snow Leopard, Lion, or Mountain Lion (whichever you’re currently runnning) before upgrading to Mavericks, so be sure to check for any available updates. (See “Preinstall tasks,” below.)

What if you have a Mavericks-compatible Mac that’s still running Leopard (OS X 10.5)? Your easiest option is to purchase Snow Leopard for $20 and install it first, then upgrade to Mavericks when available. You’ll still be paying a reasonable price for a huge OS upgrade. If that isn’t an option for you, for whatever reason, check out our instructions for installing OS X 10.9 over Leopard, assuming you have the right to do so. (If you have one of the two Mac models that originally shipped with OS X 10.4 Tiger and that support Mavericks—the Mid 2007 iMac and the Mid/Late 2007 MacBook Pro—and you’re still running Tiger, you’ll definitely want to go the Snow Leopard-to-Mavericks route.)

Finally, I’ll repeat a recommendation I’ve made every year since Lion was released: If you have a desktop Mac, I highly recommend picking up Apple’s Magic Trackpad ( ) if you don’t already have one. The systemwide gestures introduced in Lion, and expanded in Mountain Lion, continue to become more pervasive as OS X evolves, and you won’t enjoy the full benefits of Mavericks without a trackpad. (MacBook users, of course, all have a trackpad already.) I personally still prefer a mouse or large trackball for general “mousing around,” but I keep a Magic Trackpad within reach, as well, just to take advantage of OS X’s gesture-based features. It’s my Magic Gesturepad.

Preinstall tasks

While Apple describes the process of upgrading to Mavericks as a simple download and install, those of us who’ve been doing this for a while know that a major OS update is never that simple. If you perform the following tasks before the upgrade, you’ll have a much better chance of actually enjoying a pain-free experience.

Make sure your Mac’s startup drive is in good health To do so, open Disk Utility (in /Applications/Utilities ), select your startup drive in the list on the left, click the First Aid tab to the right, and then click Verify. If Disk Utility finds problems, you’ll need to boot from a different volume to perform the actual repairs using the Repair Disk button. If you’re upgrading from Lion or Mountain Lion and your Mac can use OS X Recovery (known in Lion as Lion Recovery), you can boot into recovery mode (by holding down Command+R at startup) and use Disk Utility from there to perform the repairs.

Alternatively, if you previously created a bootable Mavericks-install drive, a bootable Mountain Lion-install drive, a bootable Lion-install drive for older Macs or for newer Macs, or a separate Recovery drive, you can boot from that drive and use Disk Utility. If you’re upgrading from Snow Leopard, you can also use Disk Utility when you boot from either your Snow Leopard Install DVD or the OS X Install DVD or thumb drive that shipped with your Mac.

Disk Utility can verify that your Mac's drive is healthy.

If you’re feeling especially cautious, you can also opt to run either Apple Hardware Test (for Macs released before June 2013) or Apple Diagnostics (for Macs released in June 2013 or later). Both check your Mac for other hardware issues, such as bad RAM.

Back up your Mac, and test that backup Let me say that again: Back up your Mac, and test that backup—before installing Mavericks. (See our article on Mac backup plans for more info on backing up your Mac.) I personally recommend creating a bootable clone backup using SuperDuper or Carbon Copy Cloner, although a Time Machine backup will do, as well. (The advantage of a clone backup is that you can get back up and running immediately if something goes wrong—a clone is a complete, bootable copy of your drive. The advantage of a Time Machine backup is that it keeps the most-recent and older versions of your documents. I personally back up using both methods.)

To test a clone or other bootable backup, use the Startup Disk pane of System Preferences to boot from the backup drive and verify that everything works just as if you had booted from your Mac’s main drive. To test a Time Machine or other nonbootable backup, try restoring several files—both older ones and newer ones—to make sure you can recover your data should disaster strike.

Snow Leopard users only: Disable FileVault If you’re upgrading from Snow Leopard (OS X 10.6) and you’re using FileVault, OS X’s built-in account-encryption feature, on any of your Mac’s accounts, I recommend disabling FileVault before upgrading to Mountain Lion. Mavericks, like Mountain Lion and Lion before it, uses a different (and much-improved) approach to encryption, called FileVault 2. Apple says that you can keep using the Snow Leopard implementation for previously encrypted user accounts, but FileVault 2 is a much better way to go, so now’s as good a time as any to switch. (As I noted in my previous upgrade guides, I also prefer to not test Murphy’s Law by risking any incompatibilities between the two versions of FileVault.) Once you've successfully installed Mavericks, you can enable FileVault 2 in the Security & Privacy pane of System Preferences.

Disable third-party disk encryption Similarly, if you’re using third-party full-disk-encryption software, you may want to temporarily disable that encryption before upgrading your Mac’s OS. Most of these products interact with your drive and the OS at a low level, and an incompatibility with Mavericks could leave you unable to boot your Mac or, worse, unable to access your data at all. Once Mavericks is up and running and you’ve verified (with the developer) that your encryption software is compatible with OS X 10.9, you can re-enable encryption. However, given that FileVault 2 encrypts your entire drive, this is a good opportunity to migrate to OS X’s built-in encryption feature instead.

Under Mountain Lion (OS X 10.8), you can check for available OS updates using the Mac App Store app.

Check for system updates and updates to other Apple software You’ll want to be sure you’ve installed both the latest updates to your currently installed version of OS X—those updates may include changes that are required for upgrading to Mavericks—and the latest versions of any other Apple software that might be affected by the upgrade. To do this in Mountain Lion, you open the Mac App Store app and check the Updates screen; any available updates to Mountain Lion and Apple software will appear at the top of the window. In Lion and Snow Leopard, you should run Software Update (accessible from the Apple menu). Regardless of your version of OS X, you should also check for updated firmware for your particular Mac model.

Check for Mavericks-compatible updates to third-party software As with any major upgrade to OS X, you’ll likely find that some of your third-party software needs to be updated to work with Mavericks. If you take some time to check compatibility before installing OS X 10.9, you’ll likely avoid the frustration of your favorite apps and add-ons not working.

To check compatibility, you can visit the website for each individual app and system add-on, but I recommend first checking RoaringApps’ list of Mac software compatibility. (The list includes columns for various versions of OS X—be sure to look at the Mavericks column.) The list isn't yet anywhere close to being exhaustive, but it will start to fill in quickly as more and more people install and use Mavericks.

However you check for compatibility, if an app has an update available, you’ll want to download and install that update. For apps you’ve obtained via the Mac App Store, this is as simple as launching the App Store app, clicking the Updates button in the toolbar, clicking Update All, and providing your Apple ID and password when prompted. This will download and install all available updates to Mac App Store-purchased software at once.

For non-Mac App Store apps, you’ll need to manually install updates. Some apps provide a built-in update feature (often accessed by choosing Check For Updates from the application’s Application Name menu or its Help menu); for apps that don’t offer an update feature, you’ll need to visit the developer’s website, download the latest version, and install it yourself.