TEL AVIV—An Israeli court on Monday found two Israeli minors guilty of the 2014 murder of Palestinian teenager Mohammed Abu Khdeir in Jerusalem, a killing that partly triggered last summer’s war in Gaza.

The civilian court in Jerusalem delayed the conviction of a third man, 31-year-old Yosef Haim Ben David, until Dec. 20, ahead of assessing a mental health report that was submitted by his lawyer.

Ahead...