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The Regulatory Review highlights the top essays written by our contributors in 2019.

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The Regulatory Review is pleased to highlight our top regulatory essays of 2019 authored by a select number of our many expert contributors. These opinion pieces, which qualify for this list based on the number of page views during the past 12 months, are arranged below in alphabetical order by last name of author.

May 15, 2019 | Benjamin A. Barsky and Theodore W. Ruger, University of Pennsylvania Law School

Without access to mental health resources, students may feel ill-equipped to tackle the problems from which they may suffer. This reality should make law schools accountable for the improvement of student well-being.

October 29, 2019 | Jack Beermann, Boston University School of Law

The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision last year in Lucia v. SEC has appeared to inspire dramatic changes to the appointment of administrative law judges. The reforms effectuated by the executive order that followed Lucia were welcomed by many agencies that for decades felt hamstrung by the old hiring process.

January 7, 2019 | James Broughel, George Mason University

Without a clear welfare measure, benefit-cost analysis is like a rudderless boat adrift at sea. It can be a useful tool, but to be truly useful in practice, first benefit-cost analysis has to measure something meaningful in theory.

February 25, 2019 | Cary Coglianese, University of Pennsylvania Law School

Nearly everyone sings innovation’s praises. Innovation brings progress and prosperity. It leads to a better tomorrow. Yet, is innovation really an unalloyed good? In a new book, legal scholar Cristie Ford argues that innovation actually “presents a clear and persistent risk to regulation itself.”

July 8, 2019 | Cary Coglianese, University of Pennsylvania Law School

With the benefit of careful risk assessments, regulators can understand more precisely what the true risks of different activities might be, thereby enabling them to make better decisions about how to prioritize the allocation of regulatory resources and ultimately how to manage the risks.

August 12, 2019 | Cary Coglianese, University of Pennsylvania Law School

Just as machine-learning algorithms have facilitated dramatic innovations in the private sector, they can also enable governments to achieve better, fairer, and more efficient performance of key functions.

October 7, 2019 | Cary Coglianese, University of Pennsylvania Law School

When distinguishing between so-called independent agencies and executive agencies, the concept of “autonomy” is better suited than the concept of “independence” when balancing agency insulation and accountability.

November 4, 2019 | Cary Coglianese, University of Pennsylvania Law School

A new book on private standards would seem to suggest that the need for public regulation will not be erased by private standards any time soon, even as standards are likely to continue to be needed to solve critical coordination problems.

April 9, 2019 | Deepa Das Acevedo, University of Alabama

The gig economy continues to confound courts and workers alike—nowhere more so than when the workers in question are drivers for transportation network companies like Uber and Lyft. In 2018 alone, federal and state courts in Pennsylvania arrived at virtually opposite conclusions about whether Uber drivers are “employees.”

March 13, 2019 | Jefferson Decker, Rutgers University-New Brunswick

Many Reagan Administration appointees did not distinguish between economic and social regulation in the same way as President Reagan did—indeed, several members of his Administration proved far more hostile to the latter than the former.

March 11, 2019 | Susan Dudley, George Washington University

Ever since Congress created the first federal regulatory body more than 130 years ago, people have debated the proper role for what has been called the “fourth branch” of government. This essay provides a brief history of regulation and deregulation, reviewing the key milestones that have shaped regulatory practices in the United States from the mid-1900s to the presidency of Donald J. Trump.

April 8, 2019 | Cynthia Estlund, New York University

The rise of both fissuring and automation imperils the stability of employment as a platform for delivering a range of basic social entitlements, and points toward shifting the locus of some of those entitlements, as well as their costs, off employment and onto a broader and more redistributive revenue base.

June 25, 2019 | Mark Febrizio, George Washington University

The Council of Economic Advisers’s annual Economic Report of the President discusses the importance of paying closer attention to the cumulative costs of regulation. It argues that the current process for assessing the costs and benefits of regulation is too narrowly focused on individual regulations because “the regulatory whole is greater than the sum of its parts.”

September 17, 2019 | A. Rahman Ford

Concerns over the safety of patients receiving Stem Cell Therapy (SCT) are reasonable but calls for increased regulatory enforcement of SCT is premature. At a time when an increasing number of Americans suffer from debilitating chronic medical conditions, we need more medical choice, not less.

April 1, 2019 | Elizabeth Golberg, Harvard University

The 2015 Better Regulation program has generated positive results, but dissatisfaction with European Union-level regulation continues to permeate the European political landscape. The next Commission needs to build on this progress and maintain the goal of achieving better regulation as a high priority.

March 14, 2019 | Marissa Martino Golden, Bryn Mawr College

What these two time periods highlight are progressive efforts to take politics out of administration and presidential efforts to bring politics—and responsiveness—back in. It is only within this context that both Reagan’s and Trump’s deregulatory efforts can be understood.

February 11, 2019 | Ellen P. Goodman, Rutgers Law School

Any complex computational problem can be solved with an algorithm. But there is a growing literature on the things we might worry about in the model that makes up the algorithm, including unfairness, opacity, and a lack of due process.

August 5, 2019 | James Goodwin, Center for Progressive Reform

Art offers several unique advantages for re-democratizing the rulemaking process, especially those art forms that might be thought of as folk art, which are characterized by their authenticity, universal accessibility, and distinct cultural significance.

July 1, 2019 | Jeremy Graboyes, Administrative Conference of the United States

For six-and-a-half decades, the Social Security Administration (SSA), the courts, and Congress have engaged in a tug-of-war over vocational evidence to support consistent disability adjudication. A new source of occupational evidence has the potential to revolutionize SSA decision-making.

April 23, 2019 | Cynthia R. Harris, Environmental Law Institute

As original inhabitants, traditional users, and stewards of the land, Indigenous peoples in the U.S. have long led the way in natural resource management and environmental protection. Unsurprisingly, several tribes are moving forward to reduce single-use plastics on tribal land.

July 8, 2019 | Kristin E. Hickman, University of Minnesota Law School

The Supreme Court has repeatedly upheld statutory provisions calling for agencies to adopt such regulations as are “reasonable,” “feasible,” “in the public interest,” or some equally vague term—leading many commentators to declare that the nondelegation doctrine is dead. Yet the nondelegation doctrine, like hope, springs eternal.

June 11, 2019 | Erik Hovenkamp, University of Southern California Gould School of Law

A recent decision in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California represents a significant development in the antitrust–IP interface and will surely influence future cases and commentaries in the field.

March 25, 2019 | Herbert Hovenkamp, University of Pennsylvania

One of Senator Elizabeth Warren’s proposals is similar to the Trump Administration’s strategy of protecting coal at the expense of sustainable energy sources. Both strategies favor older technologies in danger of being displaced—fossil fuel companies in the case of the Trump Administration and traditional retail firms in the Warren proposal.

September 11, 2019 | Herbert Hovenkamp, University of Pennsylvania

The U.S. Department of Justice has launched an investigation of four automakers to determine if they had violated antitrust laws by agreeing with the state of California to adhere to higher standards for tailpipe emissions. Proving an antitrust violation in this case would confront significant hurdles.

April 10, 2019 | Gregory F. Jacob, O’Melveny & Myers LLP

Following a court decision to strike down the controversial Fiduciary Rule it remains unclear who the Department of Labor considers to be an investment advice fiduciary. The investment community is left to speculate about the fate of the rule a full year after it was held unlawful.

November 25, 2019 | Cale Jaffe, University of Virginia School of Law

The most important Clean Water Act case in more than a decade was recently argued before the U.S. Supreme Court. The justices’ questions during oral argument provide room for cautious optimism.

January 2, 2019 | KC Johnson, Brooklyn College

On November 29, the 60-day public comment period opened for Title IX regulations proposed by U.S. Department of Education Secretary Betsy DeVos. The move was the latest step in DeVos’s efforts to encourage colleges and universities to create a more balanced adjudication system for resolving campus sexual assault allegations.

May 7, 2019 | Robert M. Kaplan, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health

The strategy to get more drugs approved by loosening standards is workin—but not necessarily for patients’ benefit. Cures are important, but so is safety. The 21st Century Cures Act is deserving of our continuing scrutiny.

April 3, 2019 | Alexander Kondo, U.S. Department of Labor, and Abraham Singer, Loyola University Chicago

The United States does not need to rely exclusively on the concept of employment to define the nature of a firm’s moral obligations. If the United States is committed to protecting labor from potential abuses, “laborers without employment” require protections and privileges similar to those of traditional employees on issues like workplace safety, wages, and invidious discrimination, among others.

April 5, 2019 | Raymond J. LaJeunesse, Jr., The National Right to Work Legal Defense Foundation

Some federal and state labor laws in this country have long authorized requirements that workers pay union dues as a condition of employment. Increasingly, however, legislatures and courts are recognizing that workers have a constitutional right to work without being forced to subsidize a union.

June 10, 2019 | Paul J. Larkin, Jr., The Heritage Foundation

A recent memo released by the White House Office of Management and Budget has the potential to improve regulatory lawmaking. The memo’s expansive definition of what a “rule” will allow congressional and executive oversight of a broad sweep of agency policies before they go into effect.

February 4, 2019 | Bruce Levinson, The Center for Regulatory Effectiveness

During the last two years, the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs has undertaken a variety of important ventures and coordinated with several agencies to improve not only regulation but also the administrative state as a whole.

July 29, 2019 | Jack Lienke, Institute for Policy Integrity, and Richard L. Revesz, New York University School of Law

The Obama policy was neither a silver bullet nor a nothingburger. The Trump Administration’s plan, by contrast, is a near-complete abdication of responsibility to address the climate crisis.

September 9, 2019 | Paul C. Light, New York University

The government shutdown that lasted from late December 2018 through late January 2019 yields six important lessons that, if enough policymakers heed them, can lead to a productive path forward to address the quiet crisis.

April 2, 2019 | Moshe Z. Marvit, The Century Foundation

The legal status of the definition of a joint employer has been in a tenuous position under Trump Administration’s National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), and now a proposed rule and a possible appeal of an NLRB decision to the U.S. Supreme Court could upend the existing standard for determining joint employer status for unionization purposes.

July 22, 2019 | Joel A. Mintz, Nova Southeastern University College of Law

The anti-regulatory conservative effort has succeeded for many years, but the country has paid a steep price in terms of increased risks from the unbridled pursuit of profit. The 2018 congressional election may portend a looming backlash against the political right.

June 24, 2019 | Martha Moore, American Chemistry Council

The Surface Transportation Board (STB) is responsible for implementing the Staggers Rail Act to address freight rail issues while balancing the needs of carriers and shippers. Unfortunately, some of the freight rail policies have not aged well.

April 29, 2019 | Richard J. Pierce, Jr., George Washington University

Society must act aggressively to reduce the risk of damage caused by junk science. Daubert was an important step in the right direction. Biestek was an unfortunate step in the wrong direction.

February 18, 2019 | Richard L. Revesz, NYU School of Law, and Burcin Unel, Institute for Policy Integrity

The push for energy storage promises big environmental benefits. With enough capacity, generators of electricity can tap into their sources of renewable electricity, hold onto it, and use it when the sun is not shining and the wind is not blowing.

June 26, 2019 | Nathan Rose, Author of Equity Crowdfunding

The case for equity crowdfunding is compelling, as it allows start-ups and growing companies to fill the “funding gap.” But for it to become a substantial force, lessons from five countries show that regulation needs to be supportive to allow for funding portals, companies, and investors to meet.

May 2, 2019 | Philip E. Rubin, Haskins Laboratories

As a result of decades of research regulation development, most human subject research studies maintain high ethical standards and can be of considerable importance for advances in science, medicine, and technology. But the ways in which the federal government will choose to respond to new research issues of pressing concern, like the development of personalized medicine or the use of novel neuro-technologies, remain unclear.

June 3, 2019 | Michael Sant’Ambrogio and Glen Staszewski, Michigan State University

The notice-and-comment process frequently used by federal agencies is often praised for its democratic character, but some scholars argue that this process may be dominated by certain sophisticated stakeholders. ACUS commissioned a report surveying the outreach tools and practices, beyond notice and comment, that federal agencies use during rulemaking.

March 18, 2019 | Reuel Schiller, University of California, Hastings College of the Law

Although many scholars have linked the growth of libertarian, anti-bureaucratic ideology to the rise of the conservative movement in the 1970s and 1980s, it was a different wellspring of anti-statist thought that became the foundation for the deregulatory preferences that transcended conventional political boundaries.

January 8, 2019 | Stuart Shapiro, Rutgers University, and Deanna Moran, Conservation Law Foundation

Debates over voter identification laws tend to focus on two impacts of such laws. But there is a third impact that has received less attention: the cost of obtaining an ID.

April 25, 2019 | Stuart Shapiro, Rutgers University

In the absence of legislative reforms to the regulatory process, reforms initiated by the White House can be significant. But they also can be fragile.

February 13, 2019 | Julia Stein, UCLA School of Law

Plastic pollution is a serious problem and requires a thoughtful, multi-pronged approach. The European Union’s (EU) strategy provides an example of a comprehensive policy—one Congress could draw on in developing much- needed federal legislation in the United States.

July 23, 2019 | Rena Steinzor, University of Maryland Carey Law School

As practiced by the Trump Administration, cost-benefit analysis has become a perversion of a neutral approach to policymaking.

July 9, 2019 | Daniel E. Walters, Penn State Law—University Park

In Kisor v. Wilkie, the U.S. Supreme Court narrowly retained a controversial form of deference to agency legal interpretation known as Auer deference. The Court declined the invitation to overturn this decades-long precedent and instead consolidated core administrative law doctrines in a helpful way.

January 14, 2019 | Jordan Wellington, Simplifya

As policymakers begin to grapple with creating regulated cannabis markets, they will be forced to address a number of challenging issues. Some will be typical to business regulation, while others may be less familiar.

March 12, 2019 | Adam J. White, Antonin Scalia Law School

How should we best understand President Donald J. Trump’s approach to regulatory reform, relative to President Ronald Reagan’s approach nearly four decades ago? Not in glib terms of dramatic departure, but in the subtler terms of continuity, reform, and counter-reformation.