Plato’s Republic , Hobbes’s Leviathan , and Marx’s Communist Manifesto are universally acknowledged classics of Western political thought. But how strong are the core arguments on which they base their visions of the good society that they want to bring into being? In this lively and provocative book, W. G. Runciman shows where and why they fail, even after due allowance has been made for the different historical contexts in which they wrote. Plato, Hobbes, and Marx were all passionately convinced that justice, peace, and order could be established if only their teachings were implemented and the right people put into power. But Runciman makes a powerful case to the effect that all three were irredeemably naive in their assumptions about how human societies function and evolve and how human behavior could be changed. Yet despite this, Runciman insists that Republic , Leviathan , and The Communist Manifesto remain great books. Born of righteous anger and frustration, they are masterfully eloquent pleas for better worlds — worlds that Plato, Hobbes, and Marx cannot bring themselves to admit to be unattainable.

"Runciman wastes little time in paying homage to the enduring influence of Plato's Republic, Hobbes's Leviathan and Marx's The Communist Manifesto. . . With verve and a forensic analytical framework, Runciman attempts to demolish their fundamental tenets and misguided aims. One by one he explores the central arguments of those responsible for building the edifice of Western political thought and pinpoints their perceived flaws. Runciman's underlying aim is to highlight that, stripped of their halos, these texts rely on a farrago of shoddy arguments. His intention is to dethrone Plato, Hobbes and Marx from their lofty status and fill the space vacated with more plausible assumptions about what motivates human action and, by analogy, the corresponding societies that are capable of flourishing."—Frank Carrigan, Australian

"This book . . . is . . . an important contribution. It is also well written and well-produced, and I commend it to those with any interest in sociology, political theory, or political philosophy."—John Preston, European Legacy

"Why have Plato's Republic, Hobbes's Leviathan, and Marx's Communist Manifesto retained their enduring appeal, despite their often wildly implausible assumptions about human motivation and political action? No one is more qualified to answer this question than Britain's most eminent sociologist cum philosopher and historian, Garry Runciman. Great Books, Bad Arguments is not only lucid, but like the best detective fiction, keeps the reader guessing until the very end."—Gareth Stedman Jones, King's College, University of Cambridge

"Spirited and provocative."—Ian Shapiro, Yale University