'Ignorant' builders destroy 2,300-year-old, 100ft Mayan pyramid in Central America to make road

Construction workers ravaged 100ft pyramid for rock to use as road fill

Learning of damage like being 'punched in the stomach' archaeologist said

Ancient structure was part of the Nohmul complex in northern Belize

Police are investigating and say criminal charges could be brought

Experts say bulldozing Mayan mounds for road fill is endemic problem



One of the biggest Mayan pyramids in Belize has been all but destroyed by 'ignorant' builders who ravaged the ancient structure for crushed rock to fill in a new road.

The construction workers used bulldozers and diggers to claw at the sloping sides of the 100ft tall pyramid, which is part of the Nohmul complex - the most important Mayan site in northern Belize and one which dates back at least 2,300 years.



Horrified archaeologists claim there is no way the builders could have mistaken the Mayan ruins for a hill, as the landscape is naturally flat and the Nohmul complex is well known.



'Obscene': A construction company used bulldozers and diggers to claw into an ancient Mayan pyramid in Belize and extract crushed rock to use as roadfill

'Disbelief': Archaeologists in Belize said learning of the destruction of the ruin was 'like being punched in the stomach'

Jaime Awe, head of the Belize Institute of Archaeology, said the destruction at the Nohmul complex in northern Belize was detected late last week.

'It's a feeling of Incredible disbelief because of the ignorance and the insensitivity ... they were using this for road fill,' Mr Awe said.



'It's like being punched in the stomach, it's just so horrendous.'

Nohmul sat in the middle of a privately owned sugar cane field, and lacked the even stone sides frequently seen in reconstructed or better-preserved pyramids.



Nonetheless Mr Awe is certain the builders could not have mistaken the pyramid mound for anything other than Mayan ruins.



'Ignorance and insensitivity': Horrified archaelogists say there is no way the construction workers could have mistaken the 100ft tall ruins for a natural hill

Historic: The ancient structure was part of the Nohmul complex in northern Belize

'These guys knew that this was an ancient structure. It's just bloody laziness,' he said.

The builders used backhoes to claw at the sides of the pyramid, leaving an isolated core of limestone cobbles at the centre, with what appears to be a narrow Mayan chamber dangling above one hollowed-out section.



Fragments: Police in Belize are investigating and criminal charges may be brought against the construction firm

'Just to realize that the ancient Maya acquired all this building material to erect these buildings, using nothing more than stone tools and quarried the stone, and carried this material on their heads, using tump lines,' said the archaeologist.



'To think that today we have modern equipment, that you can go and excavate in a quarry anywhere, but that this company would completely disregard that and completely destroyed this building. Why can't these people just go and quarry somewhere that has no cultural significance? It's mind-boggling.'

Belizean police said they are conducting an investigation and that criminal charges may be brought against the construction company.

The Nohmul complex sits on private land, but Belizean law says that any pre-Hispanic ruins are under government protection.

The Belize community-action group Citizens Organized for Liberty Through Action called the destruction of the archaeological site 'an obscene example of disrespect for the environment and history'.

It is not the first time it's happened in Belize, a country of about 350,000 people that is largely covered in jungle and dotted with hundreds of Mayan ruin sites - though few as large as Nohmul.

Norman Hammond, an emeritus professor of archaeology at Boston University who worked in Belizean research projects in the 1980s, said it was far from the first time Mayan mounds had been targeted by construction workers seeking materials.



He wrote in an email that 'bulldozing Maya mounds for road fill is an endemic problem in Belize (the whole of the San Estevan center has gone, both of the major pyramids at Louisville, other structures at Nohmul, many smaller sites), but this sounds like the biggest yet'.

Heritage: Belize is dotted with hundreds of ruin sites dating back to the time of the ancient Mayas



Arlen Chase, chairman of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Central Florida, said: 'Archaeologists are disturbed when such things occur, but there is only a very limited infrastructure in Belize that can be applied to cultural heritage management.

'Unfortunately, they (destruction of sites) are all too common, but not usually in the center of a large Maya site,' he said.

He said there had probably still been much to learn from the site. 'A great deal of archaeology was undertaken at Nohmul in the `70s and `80s, but this only sampled a small part of this large center.'

Belize isn't the only place where the handiwork of the far-flung and enormously prolific Maya builders is being destroyed.



Dominance: The Mayan Empire covered all of the Yucatan Peninsula and modern day Guatemala and Belize, along with parts of Mexico (pictured), Honduras and El Salvador

The ancient Mayas spread across southeastern Mexico and through Guatemala, Honduras and Belize.



'I don't think I am exaggerating if I say that every day a Maya mound is being destroyed for construction in one of the countries where the Maya lived,' wrote Francisco Estrada-Belli, a professor at Tulane University's Anthropology Department.



'Unfortunately, this destruction of our heritage is irreversible but many don't take it seriously,' he added.



'The only way to stop it is by showing that it is a major crime and people can and will go to jail for it.'

Robert Rosenswig, an archaeologist at the State University of New York at Albany, described the difficult and heartbreaking work of trying to salvage information at the nearby site of San Estevan following similar destruction around 2005.



'Bulldozing damage at San Estevan is extensive and the site is littered with Classic period potsherds,' he wrote in an academic paper describing the scene.



'We spent a number of days at the beginning of the 2005 season trying to figure out the extent of the damage .... after scratching our heads for many days, a bulldozer showed up and we realized that what appear to be mounds, when overgrown with chest-high vegetation, are actually recently bulldozed garbage piles.'

However small the compensation, bulldozing pyramids is one very brutal way of revealing the inner cores of the structures, which were often built up in periodic stages of construction.



"The one advantage of this massive destruction, to the core site, is that the remains of early domestic activity are now visible on the surface,' Mr Rosenswig wrote.

RICH HERITAGE AT RISK: TREASURES OF THE MAYAN CIVILISATION THAT FLOURISHED IN BELIZE THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO

Belize, which shares its rich Mayan heritage with neighbouring Guatemala, Mexico and Honduras, is regarded as the heart of the civilisation during the Classic period of 250AD to 900AD. It was during this period - the golden age of the empire - that the Maya built the great stone cities and monuments that have captured the imagination of explorers and scholars for centuries. Classic Maya civilisation grew to some 40 cities, and it is thought that the population may have grown to reach two million people at its peak. Archaeologists excavating Maya sites have uncovered plazas and temples, palaces and pyramids. The heart of Classic Maya: A Mayan temple in Xunantunich, in the Cayo district of western Belize Many Classic Maya temples and palaces were constructed in a stepped pyramid shape, and engraved with elaborate artworks and inscriptions. The Maya placed temple-pyramids at the heart of their great stone cities. One of the best known - the Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque in Mexico - was a monument to the 7th Century king Hanab Pakal. Another famous Maya structure is the Pyramid of the Magician at Uxmal, Mexico. According to Maya legend, the pyramid was built by Itzamna, god of magic, as a training centre for shamans and healers. Maya structures give clues to the importance the civilisation placed on its complex astronomical and cosmological system, with many pyramids deliberately angled to face sunrise or sunset at particular times of the year.







