The European Union says it is ready to retaliate against the U.S. over President Trump’s proposed tariffs on steel and aluminum, with countermeasures against iconic U.S. products like Harley-Davidson motorcycles, Levi’s jeans and bourbon.

Trade Commissioner Cecilia Malmstroem said Wednesday that the EU, the world’s biggest trading bloc, rejects Trump’s reasoning that the tariffs are backed by the international legal right to protect national security.

Should tariffs be introduced, the EU and other partners would take the case to the World Trade Organization, she said. The EU is circulating among member states a list of U.S. goods to target so that it can respond as quickly as possible.

“We cannot see how the European Union, friends and allies in NATO, can be a threat to international security in the U.S.,” Malmstroem told reporters. “From what we understand, the motivation of the U.S. is an economic safeguard measure in disguise, not a national security measure.”


Trump has long railed against what he deems unfair trade practices by China and others, and last week declared that his government would levy penalties of 25% on imported steel and 10% on imported aluminum. The tariffs, he said, would remain for “a long period of time,” but it was not clear if certain trading partners would be exempt.

Malmstroem said Trump’s motives do not appear compatible with WTO rules and that this means the EU can activate safeguards to protect its own markets.

She confirmed that the EU’s countermeasures would include tariffs on U.S. steel and agricultural products, as well as other products like bourbon, peanut butter, cranberries and orange juice.

“This is basically a stupid process, the fact that we have to do this. But we have to do it,” EU Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker had said last week. “We will now impose tariffs on motorcycles, Harley-Davidson, on blue jeans, Levi’s, on bourbon. We can also do stupid.”


The EU exported about 5.5 million ton of steel to the U.S. last year. The commission also has plans in case steel from other producers is dumped on European markets.

EU Council President Donald Tusk, who chairs summits of presidents and prime ministers, said the bloc’s leaders will discuss the issue at their next meeting March 22-23.

He rejected Trump’s assertion in a tweet that trade wars are good and easy to win. “The truth is quite the opposite: Trade wars are bad and easy to lose,” said Tusk. He urged politicians on both sides of the Atlantic “to act responsibly.”

In Berlin, Germany’s economy minister warned that “the situation is serious.”


Economy Minister Brigitte Zypries, whose country is Europe’s economic powerhouse, said the EU will “be ready to react appropriately. However, it is our goal to avoid a trade war.”

Zypries said in a statement she hopes Trump will change his mind.

“Trade creates wealth, when it is based on exchange and cooperation,” she said. Referring indirectly to the surprise resignation of Trump’s top economic advisor, Gary Cohn, on Tuesday, she added that “advocates for [tariffs] in the U.S. administration are very important. Therefore the current signals from the U.S. make me worried.”

Malmstroem underlined that the real problem is oversupply of steel and aluminum in the global market, and she urged Washington to work with the Europeans to address the root causes.


She recalled that similar U.S. action on steel in 2002 by President George W. Bush “cost thousands and thousands of U.S. jobs” and said she hoped that Washington has not forgotten this.

At that time, the EU also compiled a list of items for retaliatory tariffs that included steel, orange juice, motor boats and other goods representing $2.2 billion in U.S. exports to the EU. Bush withdrew the steel tariffs and the list was never acted upon.