More than 500 genes linked to intelligence have been identified in the largest study of its kind.

Scientists compared variation in DNA in more than 240,000 people from around the world, to discover which genes are associated with intelligence.

Researchers identified 538 genes that play a role in intellectual ability. They also found 187 regions in the human genome that are linked to thinking skills.

Thinking skills

Scientists say the study sheds new light on the biological building blocks of people’s differences in intelligence.

The research was carried out by the Universities of Edinburgh and Southampton, and Harvard University.

Biological processes

Genes found to be linked to intelligence also appeared to influence other biological processes, researchers say.

Some genes linked to intellectual ability are also associated with living longer, scientists found.

Genetic discoveries

They also found that genes linked with problem solving powers were associated with the process by which neurons carry signals from one place to another in the brain.

Using these genetic discoveries, scientists next predicted seven per cent of intelligence differences in an independent group of individuals using their DNA alone.

Our study identified a large number of genes linked to intelligence. Importantly, we were also able to identify some of the biological processes that genetic variation appears to influence to produce such differences in intelligence, and we were also able to predict intelligence in another group using only their DNA. Dr David Hill Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology

We know that environments and genes both contribute to the differences we observe in people’s intelligence. This study adds to what we know about which genes influence intelligence, and suggests that health and intelligence are related in part because some of the same genes influence them. Professor Ian Deary, Principal Investigator Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology

The study used data from the UK Biobank, a major genetic study into the role of nature and nurture in health and disease.

It is published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry.

The University of Edinburgh’s Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology receives funding from the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.

Link to paper

The Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology