Shanghai: China has accused Australia of maintaining a "Cold War mentality" with its alliance with the United States, following the release of the Turnbull government's defence white paper which criticised China's role in rising tensions in the South China Sea.

At a regular press briefing in Beijing, Defence Ministry spokesman Colonel Wu Qian said China was "seriously concerned" about the contents in the white paper, and that it was "firmly opposed to the accusations against China's construction activities on the islands and reefs in the South China Sea".

"We urge the Australian side to cherish the hard-won good momentum of development in bilateral relations, and don't take part in or conduct any activities that may compromise the stability in the region," Colonel Wu said at Thursday's briefing, alluding to pressure on Australia to join the United States in sailing warships within 12 nautical miles of China's artificial islands in the sea in so-called freedom of navigation operations.