[Update for 2020: This post originally ran in January 2014. Since then it has been one of the most popular posts on the blog (2nd actually, just behind The Backdoor Roth IRA Tutorial and ahead of a Whole Life Insurance Post). There were really two points to writing the post:

To help new investors realize there is no perfect portfolio and that the best one can only be known in retrospect. Therefore they should pick something reasonable and stick with it.

As a bit of a rebuke to three-fund portfolio fanatics. Since that time the three-fund portfolio has only become even more popular, thanks in part to Taylor Larimore’s book and in part to outperformance since 2009 of the large growth stocks that make up a large part of a total market index fund.

For this 2020 update, I went back and added a few comments to the various portfolios and added another 50. I’ll leave the title the same (since lots of people search for “150 portfolios” to find the post, but now it is 200 Portfolios Better Than Yours! It is still just as relevant today as it was 6 years ago.]

Designing the Perfect Investment Portfolio

As investors move from their investment childhood through the teenage years, many of them seem to almost become fixated on designing the perfect investment portfolio. They’ve learned the importance of buy and hold, the importance of keeping costs low, and the importance of using passive investments over active ones. They learn about the efficient frontier and seek to get themselves onto it, not realizing it can only be defined in retrospect.

They start learning about various portfolios, and their pluses and minuses, and seem to be eternally seeking a better one. Even some investment advisors fall into this trap, designing their own portfolios, borrowing someone else’s, or even paying to use someone else’s models. Occasionally, I even see investment advisors try to keep their model portfolios secret, as though theirs are somehow magically better than anyone else’s.

The truth is that no one knows which portfolio is going to outperform in the future. You can change all the factors you want — more or less diversification, additional risks/factors, lower costs vs additional risk or diversification, more of this and less of that. Does it matter? Absolutely. Take a look at Madsinger’s Monthly Report some time, where a Bogleheads poster has been tracking the returns of a dozen balanced portfolios for the last decade. But it doesn’t matter that much. No diversified portfolio in that report has done better than 1-2% per year more than a similarly risky portfolio over the last 15 years. Now 1-2% does matter, especially over long periods of time, but keep in mind the edge that a very complex portfolio might provide over a very simple one can easily be eaten up by advisory fees, behavioral errors, and poor tax management.

Pick a Portfolio and Stick With It

I suggest you pick a portfolio you like and think you can stick with for a few decades, and then do so. Eventually, any given investment portfolio will have its day in the sun. Just don’t continually change your portfolio in response to changes in the investment winds. This is the equivalent of driving while looking through the rearview mirror, or, as Dr. Bernstein likes to phrase it, skating to where the puck was.

Now don’t get me wrong, I went through the process like everyone else. I designed my own portfolio (see Portfolios 150 and 200) to fit my own need, ability, and desire to take risk. I added some asset classes and left out others because I thought doing so would give me a higher long-term, risk-adjusted return. But I’m not cocky enough to think I’ve got the best portfolio out there. In fact, I’m positive mine isn’t the very best one. Neither I nor anyone else knows what the very best portfolio is.

In that spirit, let’s talk about some of the investment portfolios you can use (or modify for your own needs.) These portfolios will often use Vanguard funds as my usual default, but similar low-cost portfolios can generally be made using Fidelity, Schwab, or iShares index mutual funds or ETFs.

Portfolio 1: The S&P 500 Portfolio

100% Vanguard S&P 500 Index Fund

Don’t laugh. I know a very successful two-physician couple who invest in nothing but this, are 7 years out of residency, and have a net worth in the $1-2 Million range. [6 years later, I’m sure this couple is now financially independent as their plan has worked out spectacularly over those years.] Their investment plan is working fine. Every investment dollar, whether in a retirement account or a taxable account, goes into this single fund. It is simple, very low cost, diversified among 500 different companies, and has a long track record of exceptional returns.

Portfolio 2: Total Stock Market Portfolio

100% Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

Perhaps one step up on the S&P 500 portfolio, for about the same cost you get another 5000+ stocks in the portfolio.

Portfolio 3: Total World Stock Market Portfolio

100% Vanguard Total World Index Fund

This 100% stock portfolio has the advantage of not only holding all the US Stocks like the Total Stock Market Portfolio but also holding all of the stocks in pretty much all the other countries in the world that matter. It is a little more expensive (and in fact, it is actually cheaper to build this fund yourself from its components), but it still weighs in at just 10 basis points.

Portfolios 4 and 5: Balanced Index Fund

100% Vanguard Balanced Index Fund

Prefer to diversify out of stocks? Actually want some bonds in the portfolio? How about this one? For 7 basis points you get all the stocks in the US and all the bonds in the US in a 60/40 balance. Still just one fund. If you’re in a high tax bracket, you may prefer the Tax-Managed Balanced Fund, a 50/50 blend of US Stocks and Municipal bonds, all for just 9 basis points.

Portfolios 6-9: Life Strategy Moderate Growth Portfolio

100% Vanguard Life Strategy Moderate Growth Fund

For just 13 basis points, you get all the US (32%) and international (18%) stocks and all the US (42%) and international (8%) bonds wrapped up in a handy, fixed asset allocation. Want to be a little more (or a little less) aggressive? Then check out the “aggressive growth” (80/20), “conservative growth” (41/59) or “income” (30/70) version with a slightly different allocation of the same asset classes. Think it’s silly to have a portfolio composed of just one fund of funds? Mike Piper doesn’t.

Portfolios 10-21: Target Retirement 2030 Fund

100% Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Don’t like a static asset allocation? Don’t want to have to make the decision of when to change from one Life Strategy Fund to the next? Consider a Target Retirement Fund where Vanguard makes that decision for you. For a cost of just 14 basis points, the 2030 Fund uses the same 4 funds that the Life Strategy funds use (in a 69/31 allocation) but gradually makes the asset allocation less aggressive as the years go by. The portfolios range from 90/10 (2045 and higher) to 30/70 (Income). 2020 and newer add a short-term TIPS fund to the mix.

Portfolios 22-25: The Two Fund Portfolio

50% Vanguard Total Stock Market Fund

50% Vanguard Total Bond Market Fund

Perhaps you like the concept of a balanced index fund but would like to shave off a few basis points, or just be in control of the stock to bond ratio. For 4.5 basis points, you can build your own balanced index fund. Want all the stocks, not just US ones? For 7.5 basis points, you can substitute in Total World Index for Total Stock Market Index. For 13 basis points you could use Total World plus Intermediate term tax-exempt fund, or if you want to stay domestic in a taxable account, TSM plus the muni fund for about 10.5 basis points. Lots of combinations.

Portfolio 26: The Three Fund Portfolio

1/3 Vanguard Total Stock Market Fund

1/3 Vanguard Total International Stock Market Fund

1/3 Vanguard Total Bond Market Fund

A favorite among the Bogleheads, the Three Fund portfolio gives you Total World plus Total Bond for 0.03% less per year! Despite its popularity, you can see there is really nothing particularly special about this portfolio compared to the other 25 above it. It is broadly diversified and low-cost, although is heavily weighted in large-cap stocks, just like the overall US market.

Portfolio 27-35: Three Fund Plus One

30% Vanguard Total Stock Market Fund

30% Vanguard Total International Stock Market Fund

10% Vanguard REIT Index Fund

30% Vanguard Total Bond Market Fund

Another popular portfolio for those who want “just a little tilt.” An investor convinced of the benefit of additional diversification (or less diversification, depending on how you look at it) can add a fund to the ever-popular Three Fund Portfolio. Some add the Vanguard REIT index fund for their intermittently low correlation with the overall stock market. Others add Vanguard Small Value Index Fund to try to capture the benefits of the Fama/French Small and Value factors. Still, others add a TIPS fund, an international bond fund, or a high-yield fund since these bonds aren’t included in the Total Bond Market Fund. Other options include a microcap fund, a precious metal equities fund, a precious metals fund, or even a commodities futures fund. The possibilities are endless, especially once you start considering adding 2, 3, or even more of these asset classes to the portfolio. What will do best in the future? Nobody knows, we can only tell you what did well in the past.

Portfolio 36-37: Four Corners Portfolio

25% Vanguard Growth Index Fund

25% Vanguard Value Index Fund

25% Vanguard Small Growth Index Fund

25% Vanguard Small Value Index Fund

One of the first of the “slice and dice” type portfolios, this portfolio tried to capture some benefit from the fact that sometimes growth stocks outperform value stocks, and vice versa. Its detractors argued that you were just recreating TSM at higher cost (6 basis points versus 4). Another variation is to use Total Stock Market instead of Growth Index and Small Cap Index Fund instead of Small Growth Index. This allowed you to “tilt” to the Fama-French factors, while keeping costs down a bit (5 basis points). Obviously, you could mix this in with some international stock funds and bond funds until you get to something you like.

Portfolio 38: The Coffee House Portfolio

10% Vanguard 500 Index

10% Vanguard Value Index

10% Vanguard Small Cap Index

10% Vanguard Small Cap Value Index

10% Vanguard REIT Index

10% Vanguard Total International Index

40% Vanguard Total Bond Market Index

Popularized by investment author and financial advisor Bill Schultheis in The Coffeehouse Investor, this version of slice and dice is heavy on the REITs, is light on international stocks, and lacks diversity on the fixed income side. But it does weigh in at well under 10 basis points. You want someone to tell you what to do? Bill will do it. Follow his instructions and you’ll be fine.

Portfolio 39-48: The Couch Potato Portfolio

50% Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

50% Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund (TIPS)

Guess who else will tell you what do? Scott Burns will. He offers 9 portfolios, ranging from 2 funds to 10 funds. You just have to choose how much complexity you’re willing to deal with for some additional diversification. If there are 5 funds, each fund makes up 1/5 of the portfolio and so forth. He likes TIPS, international bonds, and energy stocks. Given the returns of energy stocks over the last decade (1.6% a year as of January 2020), that idea hasn’t aged well.

Portfolio 49-58: The Ultimate Buy And Hold Portfolio

6% Vanguard 500 Index Fund

6% Vanguard Value Index Fund

6% Vanguard Small Value Index Fund

6% Vanguard REIT Index Fund

6% Total International Stock Market Index Fund

6% Vanguard International Value Fund

6% Vanguard International Small Cap Index Fund

6% An International Small Cap Value Fund

6% Bridgeway Ultra-Small Market Fund

6% Vanguard Emerging Markets Index Fund

40% Vanguard Short (or intermediate) Term Bond Index Fund

Paul Merriman will also tell you what to do. 10 equity asset classes and 1 fixed income asset class. Will it work? Sure. Will it be a pain to rebalance and allocate across all your accounts? Absolutely. Will it beat some of the simpler options above over your investment horizon? No one knows. In case you don’t like the “Ultimate” portfolio, Paul has three others that are equally complicated, ranging from 100% stocks in 9 assets classes to 40% stock in 12 asset classes.

Portfolio 59: The Talmud Portfolio

1/3 Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

1/3 Vanguard REIT Index Fund

1/3 Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund

Apparently, the Talmud, a central text of Rabbinic Judaism, had some portfolio advice, “Let every man divide his money into three parts, and invest a third in land, a third in business and a third let him keep by him in reserve.” This is one author’s low-cost vision of that ancient portfolio. A little REIT-heavy for my taste.

Portfolio 60: The Permanent Portfolio

25% Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

25% Vanguard Long-term Treasury Fund

25% Gold ETF (GLD) or, better yet, gold bullion

25% Vanguard Prime Money Market Fund

Here’s another popular portfolio, this one from Harry Browne. He felt you wanted a portfolio that would do well in prosperity (stocks), deflation (long treasuries), inflation (gold), and “tight money or recession” (cash). There are lots of variations. There is even a one-stop-shop mutual fund for 84 basis points that’s been around since 1982 with 15-year average returns of a little over 6%. Not only did it lose money in 2008, it managed to do so in 2013 as well. Poor performance (4.8%) over the last decade while the US stock market has been roaring demonstrates its severe tracking error.

Portfolios 61-84: FPL Portfolios

12% US Large

12% US Value

12% US Targeted Value Stocks

6% International Value Stocks

6% Global REITs

3% International Small Value

3% International Small Stocks

1.8% Emerging Market Stocks

1.8% Emerging Markets Value Stocks

2.4% Emerging Market Small Stocks

10% One Year Government Fixed Income

10% Short Term Government Fixed Income

10% Two Year Global Fixed Income

10% Five Year Global Fixed Income

FPL, one of the sponsors of this blog, has a whole bunch of model portfolios, made up mostly of DFA funds. This one is 60% stock but there are 9 more ranging from 10% stocks to 100% stock. There are also other folios including 3 fixed income ones (made up from funds of DFA, PIMCO, and various ETFs), a low beta portfolio, and 10 equity portfolios (made up from funds of DFA, Wisdom Tree, and Vanguard). Many other DFA-authorized asset management firms have similar portfolios, many of which they consider proprietary because they’re so awesome. A common theme among them is complexity and factor tilts.

Portfolios 85-108: The Sensible IRA Portfolio # 4

33% US Stocks

15% International Stocks

6% Emerging Markets Stocks

6% REITs

40% Fixed Income

Darrell Armuth at Sensible Portfolios, who used to advertise with me, runs a financial advisory firm that uses DFA funds. He offers 6 portfolios suitable for IRAs, this is one of them. He also offers 6 more suitable for a taxable account, 6 environmentally friendly portfolios, and 6 “express portfolios” designed for smaller accounts for just $500 a year. Unfortunately, when I went to update this post, I found that these portfolios were no longer listed on the website. I guess you have to hire him now to get the secret sauce.

Portfolios 109-131: Sheltered Sam 60/40 Portfolio

12% Vanguard 500 Index Fund

15% Vanguard Value Index Fund

3% Vanguard Small Cap Index Fund

9% Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund

6% Vanguard REIT Index Fund

1.8% Vanguard Precious Metals Fund

3% Vanguard European Stock Index Fund

3% Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund

3% Vanguard Emerging Markets Index Fund

4.2% Vanguard International Value Fund

24% Vanguard Short-term Corporate Bond Fund

16% TIPS (he recommends you buy the 2032 ones yielding 3.375% real, good luck with that)

William Bernstein, MD, in his classic The Four Pillars of Investing, had four investors, Sheltered Sam, whose assets were all in IRAs and 401Ks, Taxable Ted, whose assets were not, In-Between Ida who was partially sheltered, and Young Yvonne who didn’t have much at all. He listed out 11 portfolios for Ted and 11 for Sam, ranging from 0% stocks to 100% stock. He listed one more for Ida, and then showed how Yvonne could gradually grow into Sam’s portfolio. I’ve just listed one of them. If you want to see the other 22, buy the book or check it out at the library.

Portfolio 132: The Aronson Family Taxable Portfolio

5% Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

15% Vanguard 500 Index Fund

10% Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

5% Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund

5% Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund

5% Vanguard European Stock Index Fund

15% Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund

10% Vanguard Emerging Markets Index Fund

15% Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund (TIPS)

10% Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Fund

5% Vanguard High Yield Bond Fund

This is apparently how Ted Aronson (who manages $25 Billion) invests his family’s taxable money. I’m not sure I understand the logic behind some of its components. That said, even it is held for a long period of time, I’m sure it will work just fine. As of January 2o20, it has 10-year returns of around 8.3%, which is 1.4% worse than Balanced Index fund (see portfolio 4.)

Portfolio 133: The Warren Buffett Portfolio

100% Berkshire Hathaway Stock

Warren Buffett is admired by all as a great investor. You can have him manage your money if you’d like, and all you have to do is buy a single stock. 15-year returns are about 9.5% per year according to Morningstar. It’s a simple solution, and you get a free ticket to the coveted annual meeting.

Portfolio 134: The Unconventional Success Portfolio

30% Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

20% Vanguard REIT Index Fund

15% Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund

5% Vanguard Emerging Markets Index Fund

15% Vanguard Intermediate Treasury Bond Fund

15% Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund (TIPS)

This is an example of an implementation of the portfolio put forth by David Swensen, the Yale investment guru, in his classic Unconventional Success. It’s fine, like the other 133 portfolios before it. Its main criticism is that it is awfully REIT heavy.

Portfolio 135-137: The Wellesley Portfolio

100% Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund

This actively-managed Vanguard fund has been around since 1970, and despite only being 35% stock, has averaged almost 10% a year, while charging just 16 basis points. The main knock against it, aside from being actively managed, is that it isn’t particularly diversified. It holds just 68 stocks, mostly large value stocks, and 1131 bonds. Don’t expect 10%, or even 7%, a year out of this bond heavy fund going forward at today’s low interest rates.

That said, it’s hard to argue with success. Other actively managed funds that could be considered a reasonable portfolio all by themselves include the Wellington Fund (established 1929, 63/37, 10-year returns of 9.9%, ER 0.17%) and Dodge and Cox Balanced Fund (established 1931, 68/32, 10-year returns of 10.33%, ER 0.53%). There are probably more. I’m not a big fan of active management, but it’s hard to nitpick funds that survived The Great Depression. Clearly, they’re doing something right.

Portfolio 138-146: The Advanced Second Grader Aggressive Portfolio

54% Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

27% Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

6% Vanguard REIT Index Fund

3% Precious Metals

10% Total Bond Market Index Fund

Allan Roth, in his excellent How A Second Grader Beats Wall Street, lists a conservative, a moderate, and an aggressive allocation for a second grader portfolio (3 Funds), an advanced Second Grader Portfolio (4-5 funds), and an alternative advanced Second Grader Portfolio (uses CDs instead of the Total Bond Market Fund). That’s 9 more portfolios you could use without having to come up with your own!

Portfolios 147-150: The Dan Wiener Income Portfolio

Dan Wiener sells a newsletter to Vanguard investors. For just $100 a year he’ll reveal his super-secret portfolios composed of various Vanguard funds. I can’t tell you what the portfolios currently hold (there are quite a few actively-managed funds and the allocations change from time to time), but I can tell you the performance hasn’t been terrible.

The Growth version has returns of 9.61% since 1999, almost 3.5% a year better than the 3 fund portfolio and about 2% better than a typical slice and dice portfolio like the Sheltered Sam portfolio, although you do expect higher returns due to significantly higher stock allocation. The less-aggressive “Income” version has returns of 5.52% a year. There is also a “Conservative Growth” and an “Index Fund Growth” portfolio whose returns are similar to slice and dice type portfolios.

While I’m certain there is a survivor bias effect here, it’s still a pretty decent long-term record of actively-managed mutual fund picking. It helps that he mostly limits himself to low-cost Vanguard funds, of course.

Portfolio 151: The Larry Portfolio

32% DFA Small Value Fund

68% DFA One Year Treasury Fund

Larry Swedroe is smarter than me I’m sure. He is a huge fan of taking your risk on the equity side. He is a true believer in the small and value factors of Fama and French, and carries the idea behind a slice and dice portfolio to the extreme. He holds no fear of tracking error or the lack of traditional diversification, the primary downsides of investing like this. It is more important to him to diversify among “factors” like small, value, and momentum. It’s not my cup of tea, but at least he puts his money where his mouth is. [Update: I’m told that Larry actually splits his equities between US Small Value, Developed Markets Small Value, and Emerging Markets Value, but you get the point- a very heavy small value tilt.]

Portfolios 152-165: The Rick Ferri Multi-Asset Class Pre-Retiree Portfolio

23% Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

5% IShares S&P 600 Barra Value (IJS)

2% Bridgeway Ultra Small Company Market (BRSIX)

5% Vanguard REIT Index Fund

3% Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund

3% Vanguard European Stock Index Fund

2% Vanguard International Explorer Fund (he’d probably use the Vanguard International Small Index Fund now)

2% DFA Emerging Markets Fund

10% IShares Lehman Aggregate Bond Fund (AGG)

13% Vanguard Investment Grade Short Term Bond Fund

10% Vanguard High Yield Corporate Bond Fund

10% Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund (TIPS)

5% Payden Emerging Markets Bond Fund (PYEMX)

2% Vanguard Prime Money Market Fund

In another classic book, All About Asset Allocation, Rick Ferri suggests a Basic and a Multi-Asset Class investment portfolio for early savers, mid-life accumulators, pre-retirees/active retirees, and mature retirees, for a total of 8 portfolios. Rick isn’t afraid to look for the “best of class” fund for any given asset class. Lots of great portfolio ideas here. See Portfolios 170-173 for more portfolios from Rick Ferri.

Portfolio 166: Frank Armstrong’s Ideal Index Portfolio

7% Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

9% Vanguard Value Index Fund

6% Vanguard Small Cap Index Fund

9% Vanguard Small Value Index Fund

31% Vanguard Total International Stock Market Index Fund

8% Vanguard REIT Index Fund

30% Vanguard Short Term Bond Index Fund

You can read more about this one in Armstrong’s The Informed Investor. A nice heavy small/value tilt, but only domestically.

Portfolio 167: The 7/12 Portfolio

1/12 Vanguard 500 Index Fund

1/12 Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

1/12 Vanguard Small Cap Index Fund



1/12 Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund1/12 Vanguard Emerging Markets Index Fund1/12 Vanguard REIT Index Fund1/12 Natural Resources1/12 Commodities1/12 Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund1/12Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund (TIPS)1/12 Vanguard International Bond Index Fund1/12 Vanguard Prime Money Market Fund

7 major asset classes, 12 funds, 8.33% a piece. Clever, huh. Craig Israelsen, a professor at prestigious Brigham Young University, advocates for this approach in his book 7 Twelve. He wants you to send him $75 to tell you how to use Vanguard Funds (or those of any other company) to implement the portfolio. Send me $50 and I’ll tell you how to do it. If you’ve read this far, you know more about portfolio design than 95% of “financial advisors” out there.

Portfolio 168: My Parent’s Portfolio

30% Vanguard Total Stock Market Fund

10% Vanguard Total International Stock Market Fund

5% Vanguard Small Value Index Fund

5% Vanguard REIT Index Fund

20% Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund

20% Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund

5% Vanguard Short Term Corporate Index Fund

5% Vanguard Prime Money Market Fund

I help my parents manage their nest egg. I’m twice as smart and 2.5% per year cheaper than the last guy. This 50/50 portfolio is a good balance between keeping it simple and understandable, but still getting the benefit of a multi-asset class portfolio. It lost 18% in 2008, and more than gained it back in 2009. Returns are about 7% over the last 15 years, including the 2008 debacle.

Portfolio 169: The 2014 White Coat Investor Portfolio

17.5% Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

10% TSP S Fund

5% Vanguard Value Index Fund

5% Vanguard Small Value Index Fund

7.5% Vanguard REIT Index Fund

5% Bridgeway Ultra-Small Company Market Fund (BRSIX)

15% Vanguard Total International Stock Market Fund/TSP I Fund

5% Vanguard Emerging Markets Index Fund

5% Vanguard International Small Index Fund

10% Schwab TIPS ETF

10% TSP G Fund

5% Peer 2 Peer Lending Securities (mostly Lending Club)

Portfolios 170-173: Rick Ferri’s Core-4

I’m more than willing to admit that it is unlikely that this portfolio will be the best of the 150 portfolios listed here over my investment horizon. However, since my crystal ball is cloudy, and since I’m convinced that sticking with any good portfolio matters far more than which good portfolio you pick, I’m going to stick with it (and have with minimal changes in the last decade, leading me to an annualized after-tax, after-expense return of around 9.5% [as of 1/11/2013]). See Portfolio 200 for my updated portfolio.

48% Vanguard Total Stock Market Fund

24% Vanguard Total International Stock Market Fund

8% Vanguard REIT Index Fund

20% Vanguard Total Bond Market Fund

All four of these portfolios are really just a play off of Portfolio # 26, and range from 80/20 to 20/80. It’s basically just three-fund plus a little REIT. It’s too much REIT for some, too little real estate for others, but for a precious few, it’s just right.

Portfolio 174: The Golden Butterfly

20% Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

20% Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund

20% Vanguard Long Term Bond Index Fund

20% Vanguard Short Term Bond Index Fund

20% SPDR Gold Shares ETF (GLD)

This new-fangled portfolio from Tyler at Portfolio Charts claims to “match the high return of the Total Stock Market [Portfolio # 2] with the low volatility of the Permanent Portfolio [Portfolio # 60]”. I don’t think it actually does that given its heavy emphasis on bonds and gold. Since TSM has outperformed all of those other assets classes over the last decade, there is no way this portfolio has matched its return in that time period. But I’m sure it has been less volatile.

Portfolio # 175: The All Weather Portfolio

30% Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

40% Vanguard Long Term Bond Index Fund

15% Vanguard Intermediate Term Bond Index Fund

7.5% Commodities

7.5% SPDR Gold Shares ETF (GLD)

A Ray Dalio creation, this one is also an attempt at improving the returns of the Permanent Portfolio while still improving bear market performance. The idea is that Growth can be up or down and inflation can be up or down, so you should pick something that does well in all four combinations of those factors. Of course, he seems to think Gold will do well in 3 of those 4 situations, but it makes for pretty fancy charts. If you really can get similar performance with lower volatility, that would allow you a higher withdrawal rate in retirement.

20% Dodge & Cox Stock Fund

20% Primecap Odyssey Growth

15% DoubleLine Total Return Bond

15% Parnassus Mid Cap

10% Fidelity International Growth

10% Oakmark International

10% T. Rowe Price QM U.S. Small-Cap Growth Equity Fund

Kiplinger published 3 portfolios for various time horizons. This one is the long-term (11+ years) one but they are all composed of actively managed funds, so I don’t really like any of them. I included them because they’re a good example of what you get from the financial media and many crummy 401(k)s. There’s usually lots of back-testing involved and as a rule, these types of portfolios had great performance in the years prior to them being published.

Portfolios # 179-183 Fidelity Index Focused Models

35% Fidelity 500 Index Fund

3% Fidelity Mid Cap Index Fund

4% Fidelity Small Cap Index Fund

18% Fidelity Ex-US Global Index Fund

35% Fidelity US Bond Index Fund

3% Fidelity Conservative US Bond Fund

2% Fidelity Core Money Market Fund

Fidelity has published lots of portfolio models, including 5 using index funds from 20/80 to 80/20. The one above is the 60/40 one. I think it’s overly complicated. Not only are there four asset classes with less than 5% of the portfolio in them, but it uses a less diversified 500 index fund instead of a total stock market fund. In reality, this is just a fancied-up three fund portfolio. That said, it’s low-cost, broadly-diversified and better than the vast majority of portfolios I’ve seen.

Portfolios 184-188 Betterment Portfolios

15% Vanguard US Total Stock Market Index Fund

15% Vanguard Value Index Fund

15% Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund

6% Vanguard Emerging Markets Index Fund

5% Vanguard Mid Cap Index Fund

4% Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund

20% Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund

20% Vanguard Short Term Treasury Index Fund

Portfolios 189-197 SoFi Portfolios

28% Vanguard US Total Stock Market Index Fund

24% Vanguard Total International Stock Market Index Fund

8% Vanguard Emerging Markets Index Fund

20% Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund

10% Vanguard Short Term Bond Index Fund

5% SPDR Short-Term High-Yield Bond ETF

5% Vanguard Emerging Markets Government Bond Index Fund

This one comes from Betterment , at least back in 2012. They don’t list their portfolios out now on their website, but they’re basically variations of the above with different stock:bond ratios. You’ll notice the heavy value tilts, a significant small tilt, and previously focus on safety on the bond side. It looks like they also include junk bonds and international bonds now in their portfolios.

SoFi also runs a roboadvisor like service that offers 9 portfolios from conservative to aggressive, for retirement and taxable accounts. This is the moderate one for retirement accounts. I’m not sure exactly what funds they use, so I added appropriate funds for each listed asset class. It’s a little odd to have EM bonds without developed markets bonds.

Portfolio 198 The Physician on FIRE Portfolio

60% US Stocks (with a tilt to small and value)

22.5% International Stocks (50 / 50 developed and emerging markets)

7.5% REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust)

10% Bond & Cash (mostly bond plus cash emergency fund)

You can learn more about the exact investments here. Very aggressive, especially for a retiree. Low allocation to real estate too, although I keep hearing he may be increasing this a bit.

Portfolio 199 The Physician Philosopher Portfolio

45% Vanguard Institutional Index Fund

20% Vanguard Mid Cap Index Fund

20% Vanguard Small Cap Index Fund

15% International Stocks

Portfolio 200 The New White Coat Investor Portfolio

25% Vanguard Total Stock Market Fund

15% Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund

15% Vanguard Total International Stock Market Fund

5% Vanguard FTSE Ex-US Small Index Fund

10% Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund

10% TSP G Fund

5% Vanguard REIT Index Fund

5% Debt Real Estate (primarily private hard money lending funds)

10% Equity Real Estate (primarily private funds and syndications)

This is what he had in his 403b a couple of years ago . More info on this portfolio here . Aggressive, but otherwise pretty Plain Jane aside from a small tilt.

I simplified our asset allocation about three years ago. Aside from consolidating asset classes, the major change was swapping out peer to peer loans for hard money lending and adding a bit more real estate. But basically it’s 60% stock (2/3s of which is US, 1/3 International), 20% bonds, and 20% real estate.

A good investment portfolio is broadly diversified, low-cost, mostly or completely passively managed, regularly rebalanced, and consistent with its owner’s need, ability, and desire to take risk. Every portfolio (except the Kiplinger ones) in this post meets those qualifications. Pick one you like, or design your own. Just don’t go looking for the best one. As Prussian General Karl Von Clausewitz said, “The enemy of a good plan is the dream of a perfect plan.”

What do you think about all these portfolios? Do you use one of these, or have you designed your own? Comment below!

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