This device will surprise you

Simple.

Stand Alone.

Electric Generator.

Inexpensive Modular Units.

Powered 100% by Shape Memory Titanium Exposed to Normal Air Temperature Changes.

Please Read The Last One Again.

Environmentally Safe.

No Batteries Needed.

Maintenance Free.

Closed Loop.

Continuous.

Scalable.

A Few Hundred Dollars to Own One.

Delivered.

These two seemingly unrelated engineering sciences combine to generate serious, continuous, Electricity from Air.

WELCOME!

Please stay for a bit and take a look at our videos and this campaign.

We absolutely guarantee that you have never seen another device like this.

This links to our EFA website.

ELECTRICITY FROM AIR

This campaign will enable you to own a new kind of stand alone thermal electric generator, out-of-the-box, or in a flexible modular maker kit.

With many options in this campaign, it is designed to be fun, practical, and useful.

Our "Electricity From Air" (EFA) Thermal Generators (Patents Pending) are powered fully by small changes in air temperature that cause the repeated piston-like actions of advanced shape-memory titanium alloy rods.

These electrical generators are really cool, and their function when explained to your friends is jaw-dropping, but our Mission is actually quite serious as we are career Nitinol Optimization Scientists with a plan to help the poor attain life-changing electricity.

You'll need an HTML5 capable browser to see this content. Play Replay with sound Play with

sound 00:00 00:00

The daily changes in air temperature in any place or conditions will make our highly trained Shape Memory Titanium Rods transform continually, which is easily enough energy to generate continual stand alone electricity.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

Here is a walk through of a working EFA prototype that was laid out in one of the many configurations that you may build with our modular kits.

Note that the components you will receive are far more advanced than this prototype, but for the purpose of this tour by our founder, Joe Kellogg, this example is useful.

You'll need an HTML5 capable browser to see this content. Play Replay with sound Play with

sound 00:00 00:00





A CARTOON. THEN SOME FIELD DEMOS.

Here is an animated video that examines how the device works, illustrating the Nitinol transformation process and the functionality of the Harvesting Module, the Accumulator, and the Generation Module.

These easily integrated modules offer many configuration options.

PROTOTYPES & FIELD TESTS

Here are some of our 2014-2016 prototypes in action in a field far away from our lab.

Please note that these generators lit up the LED lights from scratch, including pressurizing the accumulator with Nitinol power only.

(We offer a Nitrogen Kit as an option that will perform your initial pressurizations in seconds).

There was a demo in the video above that was done in the dark. That prototype also cycled up from a cold start.

ENGINEERING FOR ENGINEERS.

The next image shows our Maker Module's key components in their current form. They are: Hydraulic Motors, Generation Modules, Harvesting Modules (with fully trained Nitinol Rods), and Accumulator Tanks.

Our Modular Maker Kits also include a substantial package with all of the Rubber Tubing, Valves, Lines, Brackets and other hardware that enable a variety of configurations.

They will arrive packed with primary modules and also dozens of professional laboratory grade support and construction parts & tools.

Each Kit starts with 6ft of high grade rubber tubing, which performs perfectly in the units. We also offer optional stainless steel tubing (that arrives with a tube cutter, tube bender, flaring kit and & crimping kit to craft your own lengths!) It is that kind of engineering fun.

The Modules, brackets, tubing and other assembly parts will be awesome in our first round shipments to you all in September. (Far better than shown in our test units). The assembled devices and the basic design will be an improved version of this model.

EFA Standard Configuration

ENDLESS MODULAR CONFIGURATIONS

There are many options to inspire your creative applications.

We will establish a forum for owners to share and learn from EFA HQ and each other.

MODULAR DESIGN FLEXIBILITY.

Think of EFA as three independent sections that may be assembled in a single unit or completely separated from each other.

_________________________________________________

The First Section is the Harvesting Module.

The Harvesting Module is a narrow mounted bracket with the Nitinol and the Cylinder mechanism that pressurizes the system.

__________________________________________________

The Second Section is the Accumulator.

The Accumulator is a steel tank that is customized inside to hold the pressurized plant oil. There is also a reservoir that manages the oil recycling from the Generation Module.

__________________________________________________

The Third Section is the Generation Module.

The Generation Module is the device that turns pressurized plant oil into useful electricity. It includes the Hydraulic Motor, Electric Generator, Multi-meter, Pressure Gauge, and Electricity Release Mechanism.

__________________________________________________

As a result, there is extensive flexibility available for Modular Maker's Kit owners.

You may separate the Harvesting Modules that collect energy from the Generation Modules that store energy and convert it to electricity.

You may integrate multiple units to increase power, or experiment with larger and more powerful shape memory titanium rods & wire, and larger energy storage modules as our development continues.

You may customize units from the maker kits into a vast number of configurations that will each provide viable functionality.

You may integrate the Modules with your own tools, or we provide a series of custom EFA Tool Kits from basic to a comprehensive Tool Kit that will enable your substantial custom field projects in remote locations.

Both our Modular Maker Kits and our Pre-Assembled EFA Generators may easily be integrated and extended, and will integrate with new EFA modules and options as they are released in our next campaigns and directly.

WHAT IS NITINOL?

Here is an example of our Nitinol in action in the aerospace industry, powering the HCT Cube Satellite deployment system.

Titanium and Nickel combine to create NiTi (The alloy Nitinol).

Nitinol is harder than steel, yet it powerfully changes shape whenever the temperature around it passes any number we set.

It changes atomic state, contracting (returning to the programmed shape) when it gets warm and it relaxes, softening as temperatures cool below the programmed transformation temperature.

As an example, some EFA rods are programmed to piston (hard) when the temperature rises to 70F.

After the rod transforms, pressurizing a hydraulic cylinder, EFA Harvesting Modules have a spring that immediately resets the Nitinol whenever the air touching it drifts back a few degrees.

This cycle repeats for each rod with this programming, for decades. They just keep transforming, every time their particular 3 degree temperature range is passed.

The heat required for Nitinol to transform may also be generated with electricity or industrial waste heat (or cold).

We do not use batteries in EFA generators.

Our lab's combined expertise in shape memory alloy optimization and hydraulics is the coincidence that enabled this eight Patent (pending) invention. Innovations in both were required to create this device.

We have designed and installed hydraulics in these units that store the power which is then converted into electricity, all within the stand-alone device.

It is a closed-loop system. Not a drop of the plant oil ever exits the system during decades of maintenance free operation.

NITINOL RESEARCH IS WHAT WE DO

There is a lot of research behind this. We have an established Nitinol optimization lab, USDA & NIFA Funding, 4 years invested, several successful stages of development, and a progression of working lab units.

Our EFA research has been funded in part by the USDA and NIFA.

Nitinol is not expensive.

Research is expensive.

Nickel and Titanium are readily available, and we are experts in optimizing it.

We have spent thousands of hours optimizing Shape Memory Titanium Alloys, and using our new knowledge to develop this modular alternative-energy solution that fits all critical global need criteria and has the potential for far more.

YOUR RENEWABLE ENERGY ADVENTURE

The purpose of this, our first Kickstarter Campaign, is to enable us to go into production on our well designed Modular Electricity From Air Kits as described herein.

We have built many fully functional prototypes, and followed a gradual process of development to arrive at this modular design that is ready for home and industrial use as a working proof of concept.

The Standard EFA Configuration May Hold up to 20 Active Nitinol Rods.

This initial Out-of-the-Box unit will charge a cell phone. It is designed to easily provide 1 Watt at 5.0 Volts. (quite a useful bit of off-grid power). A basic "Standard" configuration includes 3 Nitinol Rods. You may add more Nitinol Harvesting Modules to generate more power as you like.

The system will scale in many ways.

The ultimate answer as to how much power will be attained from these modular generator kits is in your hands.

As a single Generator may have 20 Nitinol Rods installed, and multiple units may easily be integrated together, your modification options, configurations, and applications are limitless.

We will be sure you receive extremely high quality modules.

The fun part is up to you.

ELECTRICITY FROM AIR - R & D

We are Kellogg's Research Labs of Hudson, New Hampshire. Here is a brief video, introducing our EFA development lab.

WHY KICKSTARTER?

This campaign will enable us to go from our series of working lab prototypes and modular test units, to upgrade and release these efficient new modular maker kits.

We are very happy to enable EFA experimentation among those who study alternative and renewable energy. We welcome engagement with explorers & pioneers, makers & developers, IoT experts, and all others to install and use our small, off-grid electric generators, so we may learn from your projects.

We have a long way to go with EFA, but we have come far so we know what the journey is like.

We have been out in fields for days and have tested plenty of units successfully. Now that we have reached a number of important development goals, releasing these devices and modules will enable many more field experiments by you (and us).

With our 2017 EFA resources, we are completely focused on improving and perfecting each component for the Devices and Kits you will receive in September.

As soon as we reach our campaign funding minimums, that effort goes into hyper-drive.

We will provide continual updates as the campaign progresses, sharing design improvements, and the final module details & diagrams. (e.g. We are improving our hydraulic motor performance before September)

NITINOL: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

Our next-gen research is progressing very well too. This Modular Unit will integrate and scale easily with the coming releases that the funding of this project will enable.

We have 65w models testing in our lab that will power a blender! So far those are powered by industrial heat, and are deep in testing. We will always be using what we learn to increase power output in the Nitinol that will power your units as a consequence.

We see order of magnitude increases in power in the years ahead, reaching megawatt and then grid level power well within a decade from here. This technology scales very smoothly so far.

Your support and participation makes it possible for us to learn much more, much faster.

Your use cases in many geographies & conditions, will provide our forum with temperature, performance, and other data that is very important to our R & D.

KRL/EFA Headquarters in Hudson, New Hampshire

Lots of folks message daily about the desire for new Renewable and Alternative Energy. You might be surprised how time consuming it is to play "show and tell" and move ahead in this arena.

With something like this that is totally off the beaten path, one clear way to progress is for us to deliver lots of working generators to happy users, and begin to really help people and make a difference. Your use of our device will play a key role in this, our first campaign.

We are able to stake our reputation on the fact that we have this right for this first release. We have met with representatives and executives of a number of organizations in order to learn how we may best make a difference.

The research we have done is complex, time consuming, and difficult.

The function of the devices themselves is surprisingly simple.

We have done all we can to make it economical for you or your organization to give it a try.

Thank you for any and all support, from those receiving a Sticker or Newsletter Subscription to those awaiting Expanded Mega Packs with the Nitrogen Kit.

YOUR PARTICIPATION AND DEVICE USE HELPS OUR MISSION TO PROVIDE NEEDED ELECTRICITY TO THE FAR ENDS OF THE EARTH.

We are volunteering and donating resources to benefit orphan children at BanglaHope, as a part of our next release.

One of the BanglaHope wells that we aim to automate.

We are honored to volunteer for this fine International charity agency and have such a worthy testing site for our next generation of Nitinol powered generators.

Take a look at BanglaHope.org. Imagine these classrooms and bedrooms with fans and lights that run for decades at no cost to the facility. Today BanglaHope has a tiny bit of electrical infrastructure that is very expensive yet unreliable. Many of their structures have no electricity.

NITINOL & GLOBAL ELECTRICITY

Bangladesh is one example of a vast global challenge. Remote communities all over the world have a significant need for inexpensive, stand alone electricity that requires no batteries, and is long-term low maintenance.

Working a Field in Bangladesh. Image from BanglaHope.org

Installing a simple continuous power source that runs untouched for decades, and safely powers basic lighting, water pumps, ceiling fans and other small appliances, would be a life changing event for billions of families in our global community.

Providing this solution is our core mission at EFA.

Billions are poor and live off the grid. Image from BanglaHope.org

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND HELPING THE POOR ARE INTERTWINED AT EFA.

Our friends at BanglaHope run an orphanage, numerous schools and a medical facility in Bangladesh. We have learned a lot about the need for basic electricity from the challenges faced by these hard working volunteers.

Electricity in these remote schools will change lives. This is a BanglaHope.org school.

BanglaHope has enabled us to set up our next generation of EFA Generators in their off-grid schools and in the orphanage so we may start making a difference where it is needed most.

Your participation in this campaign, in particular your ownership and testing of our first modular generators, will enable us to complete the development and installation of over 200 of our next-gen 65w mini-units that will power BanglaHope school and orphanage ceiling fans & water pumps for decades.

Nitinol was discovered by the US Navy in the 1960's and has been undergoing constant research ever since. Our parent company, Kellogg's Research Labs supplies specialized Nitinol to many government agencies.

Many Nobel Laureates have experimented with Nitinol. Lawrence Livermore Labs in Berkeley have been experimenting with it actively since the 1970's.

Nitinol is widely considered to be one of the least corrosive alloys ever discovered. You may throw your rods in the ocean for 1,000 years and they will look the same when recovered.

The maintenance interval for an EFA unit is expected to be 25 years. At that point you will need to simply change the rapeseed oil. The Nitinol itself may well continue transforming for 100 years (or longer). Even when it does eventually become less efficient, we can replace and recycle it. Replacement rod prices will fall, not rise as we are able to produce more. What is $20 now will be less than half that in a few years.

Our Lab test EFA units are very durable! We already tested one with a 12 gauge shotgun at point blank range last year. It took off some of the paint you see on the Accumulator Tank in the videos, but the device continued running like it was nothing. We will create a video repeating that demo with this newest model soon.

The Titanium & Nickel combination itself has no shape memory behavior. Only after complex heat and rolling techniques are employed does the shape memory transformation ability come to life.

In case you are allergic to Nickel, please know that Nickel-Titanium is food & body safe. It is already saving lives as it is used in heart stents all over the world. A full 30% of our work is for the medical sector. As a comparison, your stainless steel silverware leaches nickel way more than our Nitinol does.

Nitinol saves people's lives in the medical device arena every day as it is able to be installed near the human heart without rejection or adverse effects.

Our EFA Units LOVE the water! Let them play in the rain. Put them on ocean buoys. Condensation makes it easier to reach the tightly programmed transformation temperatures that each Nitinol Rod requires, as does exposure to the wind and elements. As Nitinol is vastly stronger than steel, it will keep on changing shape no matter what it is exposed to. Try underwater, or partially buried. The options are extensive.

Nitinol has a personality much like a living thing. It does not like to be told what to do. It really loves to change shape once it is programmed and will always seek out ways to do so if it can. This type of Nitinol has a stubborn personality. It performs best when allowed to do what it wants to do, rather than being told what to do. Our devices are designed and made to accommodate this.

Nitinol is a Metal that, depending on the type, transforms its shape thousands (or millions) of times with force measured in tons per square inch.

Take a look at this video of a simple 0.5mm Nitinol Wire being dipped in warm and cool water. This video is in real time (not sped up). Note that the 3mm rods in this campaign have over 50 times as much metal as this wire and will be MUCH more powerful.

Note that we did edit out out a few dead-air moments. The video and transformations are all real time.

Some interesting Research References.

Adharapurapu, Raghavendra R. et al. Influence of Cold Work and Texture on the High-Strain-Rate Response of Nitinol. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2010.

Ahn, Kyoung Kwan and Nguyen, Bao Kha. Position Control of Shape Memory Alloy Actuators Using Self Tuning Fuzzy PID Controller. International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, 2006.

ASTM Standard F2004-05: Standard Test Method for Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by Thermal Analysis.

ASTM International, 2010. Ashbez, K. H. G. “Representation of Martensitic Transformation in Shape Change Space, the Nature of Internal Stress Retained During SM Transformation, and the Operational Performance of a Simple Nitinol Engine.” Proceedings on the Nitinol Heat Engine Conference. Naval Surface Weapons Center, 1978.

ASTM Standard F2005-05: Standard Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys. ASTM International, 2010.

ASTM Standard F2082-06: Standard Test Method for Determination of Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys by Bend and Free Recovery. ASTM International, 2006.

ASTM Standard F2516-07E2: Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials. ASTM International, 2007.

ASTM Standard F2633-07 Standard Specification for Wrought Seamless Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy Tube for Medical Devices and Surgical Implants. ASTM International, 2007.

Banks, Ridgway. Linear Output Nitinol Engine. US Patent #4,563,876. January 14, 1986.

Bernal, Laura Isabel Barbero. Cyclic Behavior of Superelastic Nickel-Titanium and Nickel-Titanium-Chromium Shape Memory Alloys: A Thesis. Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004.

Banks, Ridgway M. Single Wire Nitinol Engine: US Patent 4,450,686. United States Patent and Trademark Office, 1984.

Banks, Ridgway M. “The Banks Engine: Past, Present and Future.” Proceedings on the Nitinol Heat Engine Conference. Naval Surface Weapons Center, 1978.

Bidaux, J. E., et al. “Active Modification of the Vibration Frequencies of a Polymer Beam Using Shape Memory Alloy Fibers.” Third International Conference on Intelligent Materials: Third European Conference on Smart Structures and Materials. The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1997.

Bidaux, J. E. “Vibration Frequency Control of Composites Using the R-Phase Transformation of NiTi Alloys.” Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies. The International Organization on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies, 1997.

Bhattacharya, Kaushik. Microstructure of Martensite: Why It Forms and How It Gives Rise to the Shape Memory Effect. Oxford University Press, 2004.

Chanduszko, Andrzej. “Determination of Nitinol Transition Temperatures Using a Dynamical Mechanical Analyzer.” SMST-2000: Proceedings on the International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technology. The International Organization on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technology. DesRoches, Reginald, et al. Cyclic Properties of Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Wires and Bars. Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.

Duerig, Thomas, et al. Nitinol. ASM International, 2012. Duerig, T. W. and Pelton, A. R. “An Overview of Superelastic Stent Design.” SMST-2001: Shape Memory Materials and Its Appications. Trans Tech Pubications, Inc., 2002.

Ford, D. S. and White, S. R. Thermomechanical Behavior of 55Ni45Ti Nitinol. Acta Materialla, 1996.

Ginell, W. S., et al. “One Horsepower Thermoturbine Nitinol Engine.” Proceedings on the Nitinol Heat Engine Conference. Naval Surface Weapons Center, 1978.

Hall, E. O. Twinning and Other Diffusionless Transformations in Metals. Butterworth Publishing, 1954

Hayashi, Shunichi, et al. Room Temperature Functional Shape Memory Polymers. Plastics Engineering, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1995.

Gall, K., et al. Internal Stress Storage in Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposites. Applied Physics Letters, 2004.

Jackson, C. M. et al. Nitinol-55—The Alloy With a Memory: Its Physical Metallurgy, Properties and Applications. NASA-SP 5110, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, 1972.

Kauffman, George B. and Mayo, Isaac. The Story of Nitinol: The Serendipitous Discovery of the Memory Metal and its Applications. The Chemical Educator, Springer, 1996.

Kim, J. I. and Miyazaki, S. “Effect of Low Temperature Aging on the R-Phase Transformation of a Ti-50.9at% Ni Alloy.” Shape Memory Alloys and Its Applications: Proceedings of the International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies and Shape Memory Materials (SMST-SMM 2001). Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., 2002.

Kutlucinar, Iskender. Heat Converter Engine Using a Shape Memory Alloy Actuator. US Patent #6,226,992 B1. May 8, 2001.

Lagoudas, Dimitris C. Shape Memory Alloys: Modeling and Engineering Applications. Springer, 2008.

Lei, Xu. The Optimization of Annealing and Cold Drawing in the Manufacture of the Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy Ultra-Thin Wire. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2011.

Lendlein, A. and Langer, R. Biodegradable Elastic Shape Memory Polymers for Potential Biomedical Applications. Science, May 2002. Leng, Jinsong and Du, Shanyi. Shape-Memory Polymers and Multifunctional Composities. CRC Press, 2010.

Leng, Jinsong, et al. Electroactive Thermoset Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposite Filled with Nanocarbon Powders. Smart Materials and Structures, IOP Publishing, 2009.

Li, Kam W. Power Plant System Design. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1985. Li, Yao T. Nitinol Engine for Low Grade Heat: US Patent 4,302,938. United States Patent and Trademark Office, 1981.

McCartney, J. M., et al. An Experimental Study of the Superelastic Effect in a Shape-Memory Nitinol Alloy Under Biaxial Loading. Mechanics of Materials, 2003.

Mehta, A., et al. On the Electronic and Mechanical Instabilities in Ni50.9Ti49.1. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2004.

Melton, K. Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys. Butterworth-Heinemann, LTD., 1990.

Morgan, N. B. Medical Shape Memory Alloy Applications—The Market and Its Products. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2004.

Nam, T. H. et al. “The B2-B19-B19’ Transformation in a Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu-0.3Mo Alloy.” Shape Memory Alloys and Its Applications: Proceedings of the International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies and Shape Memory Materials (SMST-SMM 2001). Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., 2002.

Neurohr, Anselm J. and Dunand, David C. Mechanical Anisotropy of Shape-Memory NiTi with Two-Dimensional Networks of Micro-Channels. Acta Materialia 59, 2011.

Orlando, Carl. Trigger Circuit: US Patent 4,002,954. United States Patent and Trademark Office, 1977.

Otsuka, K. and Wayman, C. M. Shape Memory Materials. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Rice, C. and Sczerzenie, F. “Design and Performance of a Functional Af Tester.” SMST-97 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies. SMST, 1997.

Ryhanen, Jorma. “Biocompatability of Nitinol.” SMST-2000: Proceedings on the International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies. SMST, The International Organization on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technology, 2001.

Saigal, Anil and Fonte, Matthew. Solid, Shape Recovered “Bulk” Nitinol: Part I—Tension-Compression Asymmetry. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2011.

Saigal, Anil and Fonte, Matthew. Solid, Shape Recovered “Bulk” Nitinol: Part II—Mechanical Properties. Materials Science & Engineering, 2011.

Sanders et al. Nitinol Spinal Instrumentation and Method for Surgically Treating Scoliosis. US Patent & Trademark Office, Patent # 5,290,289, 1994.

Sengupta, Arkaprabha and Papadopoulos, Panayiotis. Constitutive Modeling and Finite Element Approximation of B2-R-B19’ Phase Transformations in Nitinol Poloycrystals. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2009.

Sergueeva, A. V. Structure and Properties of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline NiTi Prepared by Severe Plastic Deformation and Annealing. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2003.

Shaw, J. A. Tips and Tricks for Characterizing Shape Memory Alloy Wire: Part 1—Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Basic Phenomena. Experimental Techniques, 2008.

Song, C. et al. “Thermal Modelling of a Shape-Memory Alloy Fixator for Minimal-Access Surgery.” SMST-2001: Shape Memory Materials and Its Appications. Trans Tech Pubications, Inc., 2002.

Song, G., et al. Applications of Shape Memory Alloys in Civil Structures. Engineering Structures, 2006.

Takaoka, S. et al. “Applications and Development of Shape-Memory and Superelastic Alloys in Japan.” SMST-2001: Shape Memory Materials and Its Appications. Trans Tech Pubications, Inc., 2002.

Tice, Neil. Thermal Engine Capable of Utilizing Low-Temperature Sources of Heat. US Patent #8,522,545 B2. September 3, 2013. Uchil, J. Effect of Thermal Cycling on R-Phase Stability in a NiTi Shape Memory Alloy. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2002.

Volk, Brent, Whitley, Karen. Characterization of Shape Memory Polymers. NASA Research and Technology Directorate, Mechanics of Structures and Materials Branch, 2007.

Wu, M. H., et al. “What is the Big Deal About the Af Temperature?” SMST-2006: Proceedings of the International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies. ASM International, 2006.

Wu, Ming H. and Schetky, L. McD. “Industrial Applications for Shape Memory Alloys.” SMST-2000: Proceedings on the International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies. SMST, The International Organization on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technology, 2001.

Wu, Tony and Wu, Ming H. “NiTi-Nb Plugs for Sealing High Pressure Fuel Passages in Fuel Injector Applications.” SMST-2000: Proceedings on the International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies. SMST, The International Organization on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technology, 2001.

Yoshida, Eiichi, et al. Micro Self-Reconfigurable Modular Robot Using Shape Memory Alloy. Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, AIST, MITI, Japan.