Israeli connections to the NSA are part of the story of NSA surveillance on US citizens and foreigners. These connections reveal some of the ways in which the Israeli tail wags the U.S. dog when it comes to U.S. Middle East policy.

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As this paper was being completed the Guardian carried Glen Greenwald's article

(Sept. 11, 2013) with the following title and opening sentences:

"NSA shares raw intelligence including Americans' data with Israel " Secret deal places no legal limits on use of data by Israelis

" Only official US government communications protected

" Agency insists it complies with rules governing privacy The National Security Agency routinely shares raw intelligence data with Israel without first sifting it to remove information about US citizens, a top-secret document provided to the Guardian by whistleblower Edward Snowden reveals."

Once again revelations by Edward Snowden confirm what has long been suspected, even documented, but rarely if ever officially acknowledged. Although the US apparently voluntarily provides Israel with intelligence data on US citizens, Israel seems to routinely, on its own, gather much intelligence about the US and US citizens that is not handed over by the US under the special memorandum of understanding between the two countries. As Greenwald stated in the September 11, 2013 article,

"While NSA documents tout the mutually beneficial relationship of Sigint sharing, another report, marked top secret and dated September 2007, states that the relationship, while central to US strategy, has become overwhelmingly one-sided in favor of Israel."

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The relationship between the U.S. and Israel is most often described in ebullient terms such as:

Both nations share Judeo-Christian values. They are committed to human rights and the principles of freedom, equality, and pluralism. And both nations were built by waves of refugees or persecuted immigrants who sought religious, political, or economic freedom. [see]

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