WASHINGTON -- Supporters of President Donald Trump's proposal to end the federal tax deduction for state and local income and property taxes insist that the break is a subsidy for states like New Jersey at the expense of others.

That's not true, according to an analysis of data from two leading research groups.

Six of the 10 states where taxpayers most frequently take the threatened deduction on income and property taxes send more money to Washington than they receive in federal expenditures, according to the analysis of data from the State University of New York's Rockefeller Institute of Government and the Tax Foundation, a Washington research group.

On a per person basis, no state was hit harder than New Jersey, which received just 74 cents back for every $1 paid in federal taxes in 2015, according to the Rockefeller Institute report. In all, 13 states got less back than they pay in, while the other 37 came out ahead.

"We are subsidizing everyone now and they want to make it worse," said Rep. Tom MacArthur, R-3rd Dist. "This is exactly my problem."

The analysis comes in advance of an upcoming House budget resolution designed to prevent a filibuster by Senate Democrats and make it easier for Republicans to overhaul the tax code, including eliminating the state and local tax deduction.

The GOP argument against the state and local tax deduction is that residents of high-tax states such as New Jersey get a bigger break on their federal taxes than those living in low-tax states.

"We want to get the federal government out of the business of subsidizing the states," Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said Sunday on ABC's "This Week." "We think that's the right thing to do."

When asked to respond to Mnuchin's comment, Rep. Bill Pascrell Jr., D-9th Dist., said: "You better look at the numbers before you open your mouth."

The numbers show that the states that most use the deduction, all but one represented solely by Democrats in the Senate, are the ones subsidizing other states.

New Jersey residents sent $3,478 per person more to Washington than they received from the federal government, according to the Rockefeller Institute report. Connecticut was second with $2,763 and New York third with $2,425.

The Garden State's $31 billion gap between taxes paid and funds received was second only to New York, which had a $48 billion gap.

At the same time, 41.2 percent of New Jersey tax returns included the state and local tax deduction in 2015, according to the Tax Foundation. That was the third highest, behind Maryland with 45.7 percent; and Connecticut with 41.3 percent.

In part because of the loss of that deduction, 64 percent of New Jersey taxpayers making from $138,100 to $328,700 would see their federal income taxes go up rather than down under the Republican plan, according to New Jersey Policy Perspective, a progressive research group.

Despite Trump's claims that the tax package is targeted toward the middle class, 42 percent of those making from $77,800 to $138,100 also would pay more, the NJPP report said.

Overall, more than 1 in 4 Garden State residents, 26.4 percent, would see their taxes rise. Only Maryland, where the Trump plan would raise taxes on 30.5 percent of residents there, would fare worse.

The states of Maryland and Virginia, where 37.3 percent of returns included the tax deduction, are home to numerous federal agencies, including the Defense Department, due to their proximity to Washington, D.C.

That's why they receive more money than they pay in taxes, unlike most of the other states where residents heavily used the state and local tax break.

"High wealthy states are paying more in federal tax," said Matthew Chase, executive director of the National Association of Counties, a member of the coalition fighting the elimination of the state and local taxes.

"We also think it's why we have a national system, to raise all boats," Chase said. "We're not saying these high-tax states shouldn't pay more. We're saying they shouldn't eliminate the (state and local taxes) deduction because it's going to make it worse."

Jonathan D. Salant may be reached at jsalant@njadvancemedia.com. Follow him on Twitter @JDSalant or on Facebook. Find NJ.com Politics on Facebook.