Today in Tedium: Blood is a terrible thing to waste, and for centuries, the ways to stop blood from leaving the body were inefficient at best and not exactly easy to use. But one day, a guy spotted a problem that his wife was having and came up with one of the most brilliant solutions for solving simple injuries that the world had ever seen. And we’ve only kept innovating from there. Today, we’re here to talk about bandages. We’re gonna dive deep, but not too deep—we’re mainly focused on the surface wounds.— Ernie @ Tedium

A better solution than taking away the knives in the kitchen Earle Dickson was the perfect person to invent the Band-Aid. He worked for Johnson & Johnson, he knew how to get access to a ton of cotton, and he had someone in his life who really needed them. And yes, Dickson’s wife Josephine really needed them. Working in the kitchen, she would get cuts constantly from all the knives and kitchen tools she had to work with. While they’d tape up her skin with cotton balls, this proved time consuming and imperfect. But Earle didn’t give up—he came up with a process to secure strips of cotton and put them on pieces of tape in intervals. It proved a much less annoying way to do things, and when he mentioned it to his bosses, they ran with the idea. And of course, he patented the heck out of it. It took a while to get things moving, however, because the strips, initially, were made by hand, which made them expensive. Also, they were too large. Worst of all, people didn’t know they needed them yet, and the cost and size issues weren’t helping. Eventually, Johnson & Johnson made a machine to allow for smaller bandages, and made the bandages slightly smaller in size. That’s all well and good, but there was just one problem: The bandages weren’t selling. Easy enough, the marketers of the world said: we’ll just hand them to the Boy Scouts. The logic in this decision was perfect—it introduced parents everywhere to a logical solution to a problem everyone has. They’ve probably saved countless pints of blood, and perhaps a number of lives, ever since.

“It is not, however, only the poorer classes of the community who have a weakness for secret remedies and the ministration of quacks; the well-to-do and the highly-placed will often, when not very ill, take a curious pleasure in experimenting with mysterious compounds.” — The British Medical Association, in a 1909 book titled Secret Remedies: What They Cost and What They Contain, one of the earliest books that took a good hard look at the rise of patent medicine and quackery that became prevalent during the Victorian era. Good thing they did—it helped ensure that modern medicine was a little less hill-of-beany.

So where does the future of wound treatment lie, anyway? What if our bandages had a brain? Rather than simply being devices that we wore on wounds and constantly had the urge to lift out of curiosity about what was underneath, our bandages told us how the wound was doing? That’s sort of the aspiration that researchers have for flexible bioelectronics, a technology that’s being touted to a degree as the replacement for the band-aid. These bandages would go far beyond what Earle Dickson’s invention was able to offer, giving people with chronic wounds like ulcers an easy way to track the treatment and understand what’s actually happening. “Current wound care or band-aid technology is designed to protect the wound area from environmental assault,” Harvard associate professor Reza Abdi told the National Science Foundation’s Charlie Heck of the technology. “However, it is a simple technology, which does not provide any information about the state of the wound.” Another technology, which is being worked on by a number of universities, would be a little bit simpler, but help stop one of the most dangerous parts of the bandage process—the removal portion, which can expose an open sore to disease. The bandage, which would be made out of liquid, would change color if, for whatever reason, the wound isn’t healing correctly. “Most of the technology was already there,” Massachusetts General Hospital’s Conor Evans told Scientific American last year. “We’re trying to translate it and make it applicable and simple to use in real clinical situations.” And then, because there’s always a crowdfunding project for everything, there’s an bandage-style wearable that would provide a zap to an area that’s suffering from pain. That project, Cur, would replace physical therapists by detecting pain-causing changes in the body electronically and adjusting. One problem: the FDA hasn’t approved it yet, so, uh, buyer beware.