Another Democratic debate, another poll! We once again partnered with Ipsos to track how Wednesday’s debate, hosted by The Washington Post and MSNBC, affected likely primary voters’ feelings about the candidates. The FiveThirtyEight/Ipsos poll, conducted using Ipsos’s KnowledgePanel, interviewed the same group of voters twice, on either side of the debate, to capture both the “before” and “after” picture.

To better understand which candidates did well or poorly Wednesday night, we plotted how favorably respondents rated the candidates before the debate vs. how debate-watchers rated their performance. One thing that immediately stands out: Respondents, on average, thought Pete Buttigieg and Elizabeth Warren had the strongest debate performances, which is especially notable for Buttigieg because he was slightly less well-liked going into the night. Candidates like Amy Klobuchar and Cory Booker, who are polling well behind the leaders, also got strong performance scores relative to their pre-debate favorability ratings. On the other hand, Tulsi Gabbard’s and Joe Biden’s performance scores were notably low in relation to their pre-debate popularity.

The numbers behind the chart

Candidate Pre-debate favorability Debate performance Pete Buttigieg 65.4% 3.2 Elizabeth Warren 68.1 3.2 Bernie Sanders 65.7 3.1 Cory Booker 58.1 3.0 Kamala Harris 58.1 2.9 Joe Biden 68.1 2.9 Andrew Yang 54.1 2.9 Amy Klobuchar 53.8 2.9 Tom Steyer 49.0 2.6 Tulsi Gabbard 40.8 2.1

In terms of raw debate grades — respondents graded candidates on a four-point scale (higher scores are better) — Buttigieg and Warren tied for first in their average scores; they were closely followed by Sanders and Booker. Tom Steyer and (especially) Gabbard received the worst marks.