Full text of "General register of the members of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity, 1850-1920"

w ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01552 3225 f Gc 929. II P532G Phi Kappa Sigma. General, register of the MEMBERS OF THE PHI l<APPA Sigma . . . Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center http://www.archive.org/details/generalregisteroOOphik ii 111 ii \ [CTOH Hi PON I is.".:; 1893 J nil - ii n mo HOD til 1833 Ih.-,ii I III I mi NDERS OF THE KRATEUXITY GENERAL REGISTER OF THE MEMBERS OF THE PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY 1850 1920 PHILADELPHIA A. D. 1920 m*» Cowiy Public library ft. Woyne, Indiana Table of Contents PAGE Preface 7 List of Executive Boards, 1869-1920 9 List of Conventions Held, 1854-1920 14 Table of Membership, 1920 16 Bibliography 19 History of the Fraternity 23 Executive Board of the Grand Chapter, 1920 43 Alpha Chapter — University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (1850) 45 Beta Chapter — Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. (1853-1878) 145 Gamma Chapter — Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. (1853-1883) 169 Delta Chapter — Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pa. (1854) . . 197 Epsilon Chapter — Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa. (1854) 255 Zeta Chapter — Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa. (1854) .... 315 Eta Chapter — University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. (1854) 373 Theta Chapter — Centenary College of Louisiana, Jackson, La. (1855-1861) . . 417 Iota Chapter — Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (1855) "427 Kappa Chapter — Emory and Henry College, Emory, Va. (1856-1861) .... 469 Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, 111. (1893-1894) 479 Lambda Chapter — University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. (1856-1895) . 485 3 4 CONTENTS. Mr Chapter — page Tulane University, New Orleans, La. (1858) 511 Xr Chapteh — Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn. (1859-1861) .... 539 Xi Chapter — University of Mississippi, Oxford, Miss. (1859-1861) .... 547 Omicrox Chapter — Centre College, Danville, Ky. (1860-1862) 553 Pi Chapter — Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (1865-1866) ..... 559 Rho Chapter — Austin College, Huntsville, Texas (1865) 565 University of Illinois, Champaign, 111. (1892) 569 Sigma Chapter — Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. (1870-1887) 609 Tatj Chapter — Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Va. (1872) 621 Upsilox Chapter — Xorthwestern University, Evanston, 111. (1872) 663 Phi Chapter — University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. (1873) 713 Chi Chapter — Racine College, Racine, Wis. (1873-1875) 749 Psi Chapter — Long Island Medical College, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1876-1878) . . 755 Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pa. (1890) .... 759 Omega Chapter — Haverford College, Haverford, Pa. (1884-1890) 807 Alpha Alpha Chapter — Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va. (1894) . . . 819 Alpha Beta Chapter — University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (1895-1898) .... 851 Alpha (;.\m.ma Chapter — West Virginia University, Morgantovvn, West Va. (1890) . . . 857 \ i in a Delta Chapter — I Diversity of Maine, Orono, Me. (1898) 893 A i i'ii a Kpsilox Chapter — Armour Institute of Technology, Chicago, 111. (1898) .... 939 CONTENTS. 5 Alpha Zeta Chapter — ■ page University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md. (1899) 983 Alpha Eta Chapter — College of Charleston, Charleston, S. C. (1901-1904) . . . .1015 Alpha Theta Chapter — University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (1901) 1021 Alpha Iota Chapter — Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. (1902) 1059 Alpha Kappa Chapter — University of Alabama, University, Ala. (1903) 1093 Alpha Lambda Chapter — University of California, Berkeley, Cal. (1903) 1117 Alpha Mtt Chapter — Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. (1903) . . 1153 Alpha Nu Chapter — Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. (1904) 1181 Alpha Xi Chapter — Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind. (1905) 1207 Alpha Omicron Chapter — University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (1905) .... 1231 Alpha Pi Chapter — University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. (1905) 1263 Alpha Rho Chapter — Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (1911) 1293 Alpha Sigma Chapter- — University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (1915) 1323 Alpha Tau Chapter — ■ Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford, Cal. (1915) . . 1347 Alpha Upsilon Chapter — ■ University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. (1919) 1365 Alpha Phi Chapter — State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 1381 Geographical Index 1391 Addenda 1481 Alphabetical Index 1485 PREFACE The constitution of the Fraternity provides for the is- suance of a General Register every ten years. The edition of 1910 was a long advance over the semi-centennial book of 1900, which was the first issue which attempted to give detailed biographical data. The work on this present volume was greatly simplified not only because of the data available from the 1910 Register but also because of the collection during the intervening ten years of biographical material from members whose data was incomplete or missing in the former book. On the other hand over two thousand new members joined the Fraternity in the last decade. Information blanks were again sent out to all living members and all material taken from the former book has been carefully edited and revised. Over twenty-four hundred members of the Fraternity were in the service of the country during the Great War, and it is peculiarly appropriate that this book should contain a pei'ma- nent record of such service. A general catalog of the membership of any organization is useful in proportion to the thoroughness of its preparation and the accuracy of its information. This book is offered to the Fraternity in the hope that it meets such test, although it is practically impossible to avoid all errors. Where the biographical data is incomplete or lacking the cause is the failure of some members to respond or, in the case of deceased members, the failure of repeated efforts to locate descendants or others who might give the desired information. Boyd Lee Spahr, Epsilon, '00, Grand Upsilon. NOTE. The fact that a member is deceased is denoted by a star (*). Members who have been transferred from one chapter to another are recorded only in their original chapter, the initial of the transferee chapter being placed in parentheses after the name of the member. Academic degrees are given only when known to be correct. The name of the institution conferring the degree is not given where it is the same as that of the chapter of the member. Otherwise it is given, in brackets. Degrees separated by a semicolon were given by different institutions. Mention of relationship has been limited to fathers and sons and to brothers. The names of children not members of the Fraternity have been omitted, as their inclusion would needlessly enlarge the book. PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. ~m N o^ .a a A* SCR bJD S h fa cs .n '"" feg Or- g „ ^ i> „ " s 5 « § c ■*>< is pq 1 in 'J J Oo pq pj fe tfl cS U a - - H ^> H fe»g £ PQ w w § -SPO^G g K 5 H h5 ffi 1-5 l-s << ft U c'S-jJ II to (B « cS . F O e fa «» P! Ed >"» ? H . /7i r>w-; = c/5 1- 2 hi \—i t- cu c C CS- O • . • CS U2 O X <Ph' c ON 00 J3 <U CS > C . . O ™ cS /OSr. W g bC ° tS « a . W S « **. c S ™ 4-> CS 2 ») c » c (j si rC "- to " siC^c8 - r'cs* J 0'r: 5 -C i-l K O pq g S en C^ ^^ CCQoffi pG O ffi'S s g J ^ ° - o w ►* i >— > JS <u *- S c ~ -S o E^pi^KL-i Pd 2j O J3 o pq w ■S T3 =3.2 fi u 9- s 5 rf C^ 1^ *^-^ CJ 0J <u i- M ^ X H N u c M n U eS « s 1. «i+J « cj « ^ w r j w - M fe T, « . o -C cs « ij cc 2 .-JOT.*-. o «-> ■ "^ CQ , h '3 CQ t 3 C cs aj r~V te 2 T3 "55 £ t-S ' g m 42 S OJ l— 1 >» -^W ^ EH w o X w 01 *< 1— I tn a O c -C o i-s .■SI SB C C3.S * J ^ M ffi £^; = E CS O * cs ^^^ CU , fa » ' ,Q Uh fa S hJ 'O s E s to* *i • o S o ^Q N rrW ^ bfl CO • N ^ c C^.ii cS on t° 32 «s _ fa ^: 5 j. ■SSI'S 853 SrS xi S s§ <u c fe u$ u S Qj ^ 3h j g g^ cK . S ^ CS Op . [> «3 r • a o . (S3 pq ■ ^ v ^ fa jc ^ j= c <u fa 5 w ^ j- C I— I fa CU . 1) 5 . O CU c^-pQ PQ ^ g £< ^ ^ ffi ffi" fi pq & S3 CU ~ au J , JPh; 'C • cup; OS <i pq ft w W H ?h* o" a> dddo'ddo'd -sJpqfti-IWE-ifH®© dodo <J pq ft h4 W E-J 8h © © o" PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. t-^,2 ^ E. r ^ ^^p^t r^K . >, w <u^ ■*! r« • mS« RJS W .S S»u H Ua S^P ..^5^ " £P«0 s -* rB s>£ = <'ccS!>£2 g^"^fe>j25 ►Jg.3* s q3>>>Q ^sa^Hbbb ^HjEhHh^tfi E-i W !^ ffi H Q c/j £ ^ ^ -«r>« o Pl^So ~* « - «< •9" m- b -s«SH ii^iiii^ri gift* b Jig* o r! ?? -er" ■_• « l2 K .oss^.g p : °«- c s^>:j » a ^la^8 = J=5 = fs|E ^" tf JJi>«- J"S?G?K 1131 g M U SSI^IU "i^sf^ii smis-i*** - — . E 2 • B ^ S • brv'oJrOnJScnfHpH h* *- .j S cj-; c - = • _i ^~ ^ ^ _• £ • x ••-'=-.•« b,' • • b • £ -e . « ^ : Eh ^ S i-3 wo KT^"^ ■< w .H A S, f« S ■ > oo 2 5, - « 'O a 3 -m o ^- « ., c £, *- ^ -2 _e , r - ? ^ _ — O , ,w »— « fcr. > W u^'^ Qj i— ( s^?^?«r .i H .^ C/j 1J ^--j^:^ coEh-b Sf o . iP . ^ C* 5 *3 ^"0 = . C bo = ,■ ■= x = < r " (2 u QO^ Bm * , l 2 w « 1 ! PQ © J© S ; w . ffi pg n - n ; « g g w p . K o?i^'.2 • Q «c^r^tM -I-^^'h^^o wda5»?^^EH£5zi fe'-joEHdffiH^K^ -i ^ d ^; -/-i h h © © ■< pi k (-! ^i H h © © -»i m C m ^i e-I ^ © ©' odbddbddd ddddddddd dddd d dddd PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. « A. ^^ A. A •A** . ^ C" ^ ^ . ^ w <i «1 <i< < • w "^ 3^ w ^ . ^ 43 • 3 ^-*^ ^ >,H^<I S^-«£> -^^ 5-< ^h^-? m a ^ o P55 c => 5cc 5 S^ w .s; « s £ ffi §«^s^ w h-; c £ u • m • ^» u to • . W CO o a«W a ~ 2*1 to S oj 5 • S .1 ^J^l «f m^ <y m^^W^r^S 1-1 ^ 03 « I . .3 2 ISJ .jj w S £.§ £ |5 8 J J ||i £ If s-2 SP - MflOPifeb^Ob? H i fofQKfo^<OHCj ^H?^Hfe^^K>K « <-5| WS ^^«ri ^ w ^h w L a^ 0^3^ =S « « I 111 l~%~$i i IJSl ^^'£ « u H^O^EhPco co^ K.oO^fcbQOKH ^ ^ H ^ fo >-, < CQ ^ < «■« ^»^qu3 p 3 ^ -3g S? e 5^ X.ff I- s 'H . r w -S ^ w -x a a .3 • >» >, ^ ^ § ^-3 S H nl v jI^h^Is h, w «^ cgu^d a alii all S J= >^ O B rt m m . . ...... . • <! n' R h H H 5^ h CD CD <J m" K hh W E-I ^ Ph CD CT> <JfqCHWH^hCDCD oooooboooo oddddddddd dddddddddd 12 3 C c o U o - X W PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. OS o John Pope Baer (A-Z). George P. Bagby ('I'). Wells M. Cook (T). Thomas B. McAdams (<I> William F. Norris (A). James Starr (A). Boyd Lee Spahr (E). Victor E. Brown (T). Albert C. Dieffenbach ( OS James Starr (A). George P. Bagby ('!>). Albert C. Dieffenbach (2 Frederick M. Von Saal Richard M. Philler (A). G. Herbert Walsh (A). Bovd Lee Spahr (E). Haseltine Smith (A). Scott S. Leiby (Z). Herbert A. Kenyon (AO W» j=< < W — ■ ~ it.-* £ =« c «jja O-i tu JO _ «> S3 X CO s,'Q 2 o as o P* if, t: 60 to = 5 £ r- o Tj o jr fa o « > g £ 5 t* J ~ ^ V 3 o':~ w^^'u ^ *» 03 CO ^S S 12 ^- J a >-co .a . o « « g 5 >> H c is i £ £ ej I ^ ~ PS o *- CO O >■ IT* eB JS CS c Cu"5 c 5T --" ,_; i* _o jj-CH t, hS^S^S 6Cco X. rt fc! S ^ 4= w <i -= ^ , „ \, v — us r tj J3 - •^ & B 4-> «j +J CO CO c3 U V U Ko ,C V a V "-J +J - - K T3 - 3 CS O PQ EX 1* . . I < S3 * v -' t, >- r e M if ? S O S p 3 ES pa o t; 5h c .22 W^ £ E S -J i-a > I? ^ "-s =3 * >i; £ gTb^ W e cSE C co jS i) CO ^ ■co • 2 5 Ch^; Bvi co r -o J a a ?a Sa 8*0 1 g 8 5 S g § ^ * ca «fj ^D 0) C/) kB C O JZ <u Ph U +j O <u c ", x S _," J-l E-i Jh CD © ddddddddd <1 P5 C hh - W H ^ W © oooooooooo PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. 13 ^ cr ^< 2, •& ■< • ■£ tSJ « C • • ^--A-~v 1 Haseltine Smith (A) Albert C. Dieffenbac William C. West (A Thomas B. McAdam Robert B. MacFadye Paul C. Wagner (Z) Boyd Lee Spahr (E) Arthur M. Jens (AE Patrick M. Estes (<J> Earl A. Barrett (AP . ">. N <J •©> W ^. <'°- ^ W * CI* (A) nbac rulff (T). Her h (A (E) a (a Ldam (AZ 7 tine Smith t C. Dieffe min F. Kie M. Cook rd M. Phi rbert Wals Lee Spahr min Lee, 2i as B. McA t N. Baer ^ 1— 1 1— 1 H3 3 ^C •3 SjA.3*^." S C C ffi < m ^ K O W W H Pi O 1 .^ 1 N^ </5 w<) ^ • ~d 9-t C3 O w ll£«^e^c« CO >> c h w =2 3 e-i u X W 7 1— I George P. Bagb Albert C. Dieffe Benjamin F. Kie Wells M. Cook Richard M. Phi: G. Herbert Wal Boyd Lee Spahr Haseltine Smith Louis S. Rice ( Paul V. Stevens /■^hH • CS3 " — C w • • O £*%<<.. 6 CO *o James Starr (A George P. Bagby Albert C. Dieffen Frederick M. Voi Richard M. Philh G. Herbert? Wals Boyd Lee Spahr Haseltine Smith Scott S. Leiby ( Herbert A. Keny V 1— 1 Oi 1-H <} pq G m W H £h O CD* © dodddddo'dd 9. V-4 0) S " t-H p? - -O rt p O M ^ - .J" 0> O\00 ^j: . o J <a 9. t o < g-oO.Ji -d ^.-"^ o «Sffl _ kOcJ "> C3 rt £ > 3 C l> C gSi-£-£ J3 C <U . V HOPQOM Cr3 ■* in CO t- M PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. Conventions of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity Since its Foundation. CONVENTIONS First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth *Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth .... Fourteenth . . . Fifteenth Sixteenth Seventeenth . . . Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-first . . Twenty-second Twenty-third . Twenty-fourth Twenty-fifth . . Twenty-sixth . Twenty-seventh Twenty-eighth Twenty-ninth . Thirtieth Thirty-first ... Thirty-second . Thirty-third . . Thirty-fourth . Thirty-fifth ... Thirty-sixth ... WHERE HELD Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Washington, D. C New York, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa. New York, N. Y. . Philadelphia, Pa. . Harrisburg, Pa. . Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Baltimore, Md. . . . Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Richmond, Va. . . . Philadelphia, Pa. . Norfolk, Va Philadelphia, Pa. . Philadelphia, Pa. . Richmond, Va. . . Philadelphia, Pa. . Washington, D. C. State College, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. . Washington, Pa. . Baltimore, Md. . . . WHEN HELD August 9, 1854. January 10 and n 1856. December 22 and 23, 1856. December 28 and on 1858. December 27 and 28, 1860. December 28 and 29, 1864. December 27 and 28, 1865. December 27 and 28, 1866. I December 31, 1867 , and | January 1, 1868 May 15, 1869. December 22, 1869. December 22, 1870. December 21, 1871. January 9 and K), 1873. March 25 and 86, 1875. July 1, 1876. December 28, 1877. December 30, 1878. December 30, 1879. January 20, 1882. December 29, 1882. December 27, 1883. December 31, 1884. December 28, 1886. December 29, 1887. January 1, 1889. January 3, 1890. January 1, 1891. January 1, 1892. December 30, 1892. December 28, 1893. December 28, 1894. January 10 and II, 1896. January 1 and 2 1897. January 7 and 8, 1898. December 30 and 31, 1898. PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. IS Conventions of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity — (Continued). CONVENTIONS Thirty-seventh Thirty-eighth Thirty-ninth . Fortieth Forty-first ... Forty-second Forty-third . . Forty-fourth Forty-fifth . . . Forty-sixth . . Forty-seventh Forty-eighth . Forty-ninth . . Fiftieth Fifty-first . . . Fifty-second . Fifty-third ... Fifty-fourth . Fifty-fifth ... WHERE HELD Chicago, 111 Philadelphia, Pa Lancaster, Pa Pittsburgh, Pa Richmond, Va Baltimore, Md Chicago, 111 Washington, D. C New York, N. Y Pittsburgh, Pa Old Point Comfort, Va Detroit, Mich Philadelphia, Pa Baltimore, Md Nashville, Tenn San Francisco, Cal. . . Chicago, 111 Atlantic City, N. J. Boston, Mass WHEN HELD December 29 and 30, 1899. October 17, 18 and 19, 1900. December 30 and 31, 1901. 30 and 31, 1902. 1 and 2, 1904. 30 and 31, 1904. 29 and 30, 1905. 28 and 29, 1906. 3 and 4, 1908. 1 and 2, 1909. 31, 1909, and \ January 1, 1910. December 30 and 31, 1910. 29 and 30, 1911. 27 and 28, 1912. 2 and 3, 1914. 26 and 27, 1915. 30 and 31, 1916. June 26, 27 and 28, 1919. /December 30 and 31, 1920, and January 1, 1921. December January December December December January January fDecember December December January August December * The tenth convention marked the creation of the Grand Chapter as it now exists. Prior to that time the conventions were not known as sessions of the Grand Chapter, but simply as meetings of delegates of the several chapters. Table of Membership, 1920. Chapters Alpha (Pennsylvania) Beta (Princeton) Gamma (Lafayette) Delta (Washington and Jefferson) Epsilon (Dickinson) Zeta (Franklin and Marshall) .... Eta (Virginia) Theta (Centenary) Iota (Columbia) Kappa (Emory and Henry) Kappa (Lake Forest) Lambda (North Carolina) Mu (Tulane) Nv (Cumberland) Xi (Mississippi) Omicron (Centre) Pi (Harvard) Kho (Austin) Hho (Illinois) Sigma (Lehigh) Tau (Randolph-Macon) Upsilon (Northwestern) Phi (Richmond) Chi (Racine) Psi (Long Island) Psi (Pennsylvania State) Omega (Haverford) Alpha Alpha (Washington and Lee) Alpha Beta (Toronto) Alpha Gamma (West Virginia) . . Alpha Delta (Maine) Alpha Epsilon (Armour Tech.) . . Alpha Zeta (Maryland) Alpha Eta (Charleston) Alpha Theta (Wisconsin) Alpha Iota (Vanderbilt) Alpha Kappa (Alabama) Alpha Lambda (California) Alpha Mu (Massachusetts Tech.) . Alpha Nu (Georgia Tech.) Alpha Xi (Purdue) Alpha Omicron (Michigan) Alpha Pi (Chicago) Alpha Rho (Cornell) Alpha Sigma (Minnesota) Alpha Tau (Stanford) Alpha Upsilon (Washington) Alpha Phi (Iowa) Total Living Members 326 26 52 255 221 233 285 5 161 3 9 61 129 3 1 213 23 194 254 177 6 1 248 26 162 10 203 256 229 151 16 217 172 130 181 136 145 135 170 150 155 122 68 80 43 5,847 Deceased 154 88 99 115 99 68 90 35 55 43 62 33 31 16 14 7 3 13 28 45 49 23 11 6 12 9 4 13 13 8 5 7 2 6 4 6 10 8 6 7 2 1 1,319 Total 480 114 151 370 320 301 375 40 216 46 9 123 162 34 16 16 9 4 226 51 239 303 200 17 7 260 35 166 11 211 269 242 159 16 222 179 132 187 140 151 145 178 156 162 124 69 80 43 7,166 Inactive chapters in italics. 16 COMPARATIVE TABLE OF CHAPTERS AND MEMBERSHIP AT THE PERIODS OF THE PUBLICATION OF THE REGISTER Chapters: / 1872. 1882 1894 1900 1910 1920 Active 8 15 12 17 14 20 26 17 31 Inactive 11 17 Total 18 23 29 34 43 48 Members: 871 117 1221 215 1615 378 1926 500 3298 846 5847 1319 Total 988 1436 1993 2426 4144 7166 Table of War Service. The following tabic gives the number of members by chapters who served in the world war, in the army, the navy and marine corps and in civilian work directly connected with the war, such as the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., and civilian service in a governmental department or board, all of which is listed as "auxiliary." Army Navy Auxiliary Total Alpha 77 21 19 117 Delta 67 5 3 75 Epsilon 60 9 8 77 Zeta 63 6 5 74 Eta 67 19 2 88 Iota 55 17 10 82 Lambda 1 1 Mu 28 5 33 Rho 90 20 7 117 Sigma 1 1 Tau 46 10 2 58 Upsilon 53 21 11 85 Phi 50 17 9 76 Psi 64 30 12 106 Omega 5 1 6 Alpha Alpha 62 13 3 78 Alpha Beta 1 1 2 Alpha Gamma 63 13 7 83 Alpha Delta 74 17 3 94 Alpha Epsilon 75 17 5 97 Alpha Zeta 47 16 1 64 Alpha Eta 3 1 4 Alpha Theta 91 13 3 107 Alpha Iota 77 5 6 88 Alpha Kappa 65 5 3 73 Alpha Lambda 78 17 3 98 Alpha Mu 50 24 4 78 Alpha Xu 57 13 70 Alpha Xi 56 10 3 69 Alpha Omicron 78 is 5 101 Alpha Pi 56 11 7 74 Alpha Rho 70 21 2 93 Alpha Sigma 61 17 78 Alpha Tau 38 15 2 55 Upha Upsilon 36 15 1 52 Alpha Phi 29 3 () 32 1893 443 150 2486 18 Bibliography of the Fraternity. Phi Kappa Sigma Waltz, composed and dedicated to the members of the Fraternity by a Phi Kap (J. M. McGrath). Philadelphia: Published by Beck & Lawton, 166 Chestnut Street, corner of Seventh. Entered accord- ing to Aet of Congress by Beck & Lawton, a. d. 1856, in the clerk's office, District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Epsilon Waltz, composed and dedicated to the members of the Frater- nity by a member of E. Philadelphia: Published by Beck & Lawton, south- east corner Seventh and Chestnut. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by Beck & Lawton, in the clerk's office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Oration delivered before the Convention of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fra- ternity, held at Washington, D. C, December 28 and 29, 1858, by Samuel Dickson, Esq., of the Alpha Chapter. Published by order of the Conven- tion: Philadelphia, 1859, pp. 20. Poem delivered before the Convention of the Phi Kappa Sigma Frater- nity, held at Washington, D. C, December 28 and 29, 1858, by William Baillie Ritter, Esq., of the Eta Chapter. Published by order of the Con- vention: Philadelphia, 1859, pp. 20. Register of the Alpha Chapter of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity. Published, Philadelphia, 1859, pp. 15. The Phi Kappa Sigma Polka, dedicated to the chapters by a brother (J. M. McGrath, of A). Philadelphia: Beck & Lawton, Seventh and Chest- nut Streets. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, by Beck & Lawton, in the clerk's office of the District Court of the Eastern Dis- trict of Pennsylvania. Register of the Epsilon Chapter of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity. Published, Carlisle, Pa., 1860, pp. 15. Oration delivered before the Convention of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fra- ternity, held at New York, December 28 and 29, 1860, by William Godley, A.M., of the Beta Chapter. Published by order of the Convention: Phila- delphia, 1861, pp. 15. Poem delivered before the Convention of the Phi Kappa Sigma Frater- nity, held at New York, December 27 and 28, 1860, by Albert H. Slape, A.M., of the Epsilon Chapter. Published by order of the Convention: Philadelphia, 1861, pp. 24. Les Freres Polka, composed and dedicated to the members of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity by Charles W. Super, a member of Epsilon. Philadelphia: Published by Sep. Winner & Co., 929 Chestnut Street. En- tered according to Act of Congress, 1867. Phi Kappa Sigma Galop, dedicated to the Gamma Chapter of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity, Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., by Frank Green. Philadelphia: Louis Meyer, No. 1413 Chestnut Street, 1871. 19 20 PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. Oration delivered before the First General Convocation of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity, held at Philadelphia, December 21, 1871, by Henry Kyd Douglas, A.B., of the Zeta Chapter, Printed by order of the Grand Chapter: Philadelphia, IS?..', pp. 17. Poem delivered before the First General Convocation of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity, held at Philadelphia, December 21, 1871, by Horatio C. King, A.M., of the Fpsilon Chapter. Printed by order of the Grand Chap- ter: Philadelphia, 1S72, pp. 16. Register of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity. Printed by order of the Grand Chapter: Philadelphia, 1S72, pp. 136. Annual of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity, containing the proceed- ings of the First General Convocation of the Fraternity, December 21, 1871, and Address delivered before the Fifth Session of the Grand Chapter of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity, by Lncien W. Doty, Esq., of the Gamma Chapter, Philadelphia, January 9 and 10, 1873. Published by order of the Grand Chapter: Lancaster, Pa., 1873, pp. 67. Minutes of the Sessions of the Grand Chapter of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity. First printed from the minutes of the Seventeenth Session, Philadelphia, December 28, 1877, et seq. Memorial of Samuel Brown Wylie Mitchell. Printed at Philadelphia by the Alpha Chapter, 1879, pp. 13. ' Oration delivered before the Triennial Convocation of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity, held in Philadelphia, December 30, 1879, by William U. Hensel, Esq., of the Zeta Chapter. Published by order of the Grand Chap- ter, pp. 11. Register of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity (second edition). Printed by order of the Grand Chapter: Philadelphia, 1882, pp. 193. Proceedings of Lambda Chapter of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity at its First Reunion and Banquet, held at Raleigh, N. C, June 7, 1884. Edited by Ernest Haywood (A) Raleigh, N. C. Raleigh, N. C: Uzzell & Gat- ling, Steam Printers and Binders, 1884. The Phi Kappa Sigma Quarterly, devoted to the interests of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity. Published by the Fraternity quarterly in each year. First number, Vol. I, No. 1, printed February, 1891. Discontinued 1901. A Register of the members of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity, 1850-. 94. Philadelphia: Printed by order of the Grand Chapter, for the exclu- sive use of the members of the Fraternity. MDCCCXCIV, pp. 256. Phi Kappa Sigma, Tau Chapter, March, by N. M. Carter. Published for the Author by Hatch Music Company, Philadelphia. Copyright, 1898, by X. M. Carter. Semi-Centennial Register of the members of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity. Printed by order of the Grand Chapter to commemorate the Fiftieth Anniversary of the founding of the" Fraternity, 1850 (Badge) 1900. For the exclusive use of the members of the Fraternity. Philadelphia, 1900, pp. i-xv, \-\22. Phi Kappa Sigma News Letter. Devoted to the interests of the Fra- ternity and published by the Executive Board. Vol. I, No. 1, Philadelphia, Pa., November, 1901, et seq. Regi ter of members of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity initiated since BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE FRATERNITY. 21 the publication of the Semi-Centennial Register, October 19, 1900. Printed by resolution of the Grand Chapter at the Thirty-ninth Convention, held at Lancaster, Pa., December 30 and 31, 1901. For the exclusive use of the members of the Fraternity. Philadelphia, Pa., May, 1902. Directory of living members of the. Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity. Ar- ranged geographically and alphabetically. Printed by resolution of the Grand Chapter. For the exclusive use of the members of the Fraternity. Philadelphia, June, 1903, pp. 152; May, 1905, pp. 167; May, 1908, pp. 199; May, 1911, pp. 263; May, 1913, pp. 308; May, 1916, pp. 359. Record of the New York Convention of 1908 of Phi Kappa Sigma. (Special Issue.) National Convention, 1850 (Seal) 1908. New York Alumni and Iota Chapters. Held at Hotel Astor, New York City, on January 2, 3 and 4, 1908. Published by the New York Alumni Chapter, New York City, N. Y., pp. (1) I-III, 1-9. Songs of Phi Kappa Sigma. Macgowan & Slipper, Printers, 30 Beek- man Street, New York. (Portrait.) 1906, pp. 58. General Register of the members of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity, 1850 (Badge) 1920. Philadelphia, 1910, pp. 948. Songs of Phi Kappa Sigma. New York, 1912, pp. 125. A Brief History of Phi Kappa Sigma, by Boyd Lee Spahr. Phila- delphia, 1916, pp. 15. A History of the Government of the Fraternity, 1 850-1920. In the archives of the Grand Chapter of the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity, in the possession of the Executive Board, is the original Constitution of the Fraternity, written in the hand of Samuel Brown Wylie Mitchell, the founder, and dated Oc- tober 19, 1850. Many of the general expressions of this Con- stitution are to be found in the Constitution of the present day in the same words, although most of the particular provisions have been amended at various times. The details of the origin of the Alpha Chapter and, ipso facto, of the origin of the Fra- ternity, will be found in the history of Alpha Chapter elsewhere in this volume, the purpose of this sketch being to give a run- ning survey of the history of the Fraternity as a national or- ganization, and of its growth and government during the seventy years of its existence. That it was intended from the beginning by Dr. Mitchell and his co-founders that the Fraternity should become a national one is evident from the fact that one of the articles of the original Constitution is entitled, " Branch Societies or Chap- ters," in which it is provided that such chapters may be created in other institutions of learning upon application being made to the Alpha Chapter and approval by a majority of the whole number of the members of that chapter. It was not until two and a half years later, namely, on April 23, 1853, that the Beta Chapter was established at Princeton University. This was followed in quick succession by the establishment of the Gamma Chapter at Lafayette College, instituted December 20, 1853; the Delta Chapter at Jefferson (now Washington and 23 24 PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. Jefferson) College, instituted June 5, 1854; the Epsilon Chap- ter at Dickinson College, instituted September 5, 1854, and the Zeta Chapter at Franklin and Marshall College, instituted October 13, 1851. All of this first group of new chapters were located in territory contiguous to the University of Pennsyl- vania. There was at this time in the University a large per- centage of students from the Southern States, especially in the Medical School, from which many of the early members of Alpha Chapter were drawn, and it was therefore but natural that further expansion should be in that region, and so we find the next chapter erected to be Eta Chapter at the University of Virginia, instituted on December 31, 1854, and followed by the Theta Chapter at Centenary College of Louisiana on June 1, 1855. In fact, with the exception of Iota Chapter, founded at Columbia College on November 10, 1855, all of the remaining chapters instituted prior to the Civil War were in the South. These were the Kappa Chapter at Emory and Henry College on July 1, 1856 ; Lambda Chapter at the University of North Caro- lina on November 12, 1856; Mu Chapter at the University of Louisiana (now Tulane University) on January 14, 1858; Nu Chapter at Cumberland University on March 18, 1859; Xi Chapter at the University of Mississippi on December 2, 1859 ; and Omicron Chapter at Centre College (now Central Univer- sity of Kentucky) in January, 1860. The original Constitution provided that whenever it should be deemed necessary by a majority of the whole number of chapters, the Alpha Chapter should call a convention to be held in Philadelphia to be attended by three delegates from each chapter. This was the only provision for many years concern- ing the national government of the Fraternity. Under it con- ventions were held until the breaking out of the Civil War. The powers of this convention, however, were not clearly defined, and there was no permanent organization such as now exists in tin shape of the Executive Board, which is the executive of the Fraternity between the sessions of the Grand Chapter. The conventions met from time to time and organized by the election of a President and Secretary and a list of Vice-Presidents, one from each chapter. These officers performed the usual clerical John C. Sims Grand Alpha, lsi;<> THOM \s Ml rCHELL Grand Alpha, 1870 William I). Wetherill Grand Alpha, ISTI James I.. Ferriere Grand Alpha, 1872 James P. Sims Grand Alpha, 1ST:: 74 W II. 1. 1 \m I Hensei Grand Alpha, 1875 VVoolsei Johnson Grand Alpha, 1876 7!» Henry Kvd I)<>i glas Grand Alpha, 1880 si HISTORY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FRATERNITY. 25 duties during the meeting, but ceased to exist upon adjourn- ment. The power of a permanent executive, if such it can be called, was lodged in the Alpha Chapter, which, through corre- spondence with the other chapters, performed such functions as were necessary between the conventions. The first convention of the Fraternity was held on August 9, 1854, at Philadelphia. Although Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta were then in existence, delegates from the first two only were present. Dr. Morris J. Asch, of Alpha, presided, with William M. McKeen, of Alpha, as Secretary. The minutes of this meeting are very brief and disclose little of importance. Indeed, the second convention, held a year and a half later, was for many years regarded as the first convention. The fact, however, that one was held in 1854 has been established by the discovery in 1909 of the original minutes. The second convention assembled at the call of the Alpha Chapter on January 10 and 11, 1856, at the United States Hotel in Philadelphia. There were then nine chapters in exist- ence, of which five were present and four absent. Dr. Asch was elected President and Dr. Mitchell, Secretary. The most interesting feature connected with this convention was the amendment to the Constitution requiring that in the creation of new chapters the unanimous consent of all the chapters must be given. While there is no positive evidence, it is probable that prior to this time new chapters were created by the action of Alpha Chapter alone. It was further provided that the char- ters of new chapters should be issued by the Alpha Chapter in the name of the Fraternity. At this convention originated the custom of the annual delivery of an oration and a poem. The orator was Stacy Gardner Potts, Jr., of Beta, and the poem was prepared by Henry Hudnall, of Eta, and read in his absence. This convention also directed the publication of a Phi Kappa Sigma Song Book, which never materialized. The reports given by the chapters in this and the succeeding con- ventions show that most of the chapters were existing sub rosa, due to faculty opposition, which in some institutions took the aggressive form of requiring upon entrance an oath directed against joining Greek Letter Societies. Apparently no Phi 26 PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. Kap of that day had the slightest compunction in breaking this oath, for the more stringent the opposition the more the chap- ters flourished. An example of this is on record at Epsilon Chapter, where the facult}', learning the names of the members, called upon them to disband under penalty of expulsion. The latter, seeing a loophole through which to escape, readily agreed, but as nothing was said against reorganization, as readily reor- ganized. The third convention was held on December 22-23, 1856, at the rooms of the Alpha Chapter in Philadelphia. There were then eleven chapters, of which all were represented except Lambda. Frank S. Findla}', of Epsilon, was elected President and Edmund C. Pechin, of Alpha, Secretary. Stacy Gardner Potts, Jr., of Beta, delivered a poem and Dr. Mitchell was the orator. Concerning his oration, the minutes state : " Dr. Samuel Brown Wylie Mitchell was then introduced by the Presi- dent and proceeded to deliver his oration, which was vigorous, beautiful and eloquent, and while it riveted the attention of his hearers throughout, did not fail to elicit frequent remarks of approbation." At this convention a sinking fund was origi- nated, which in a small way was the forerunner of the present Endowment Fund. It was doomed, however, to early failure and two years later, only a small amount having been collected, it was directed that the fund be disbanded and the money returned to the donors. It should be here noted that in 1857 the idea of a publica- tion was conceived and resulted in the appearance in March of that year of the Phi Kappa Sigma Magazine, edited by Edmund C. Pechin, Samuel Dickson and J. Leighton McKim, all of Alpha Chapter. It was not printed, but written in long hand and read at the chapter meetings. At least seven different issues appeared. Truly prophetic was the editorial of the original issue, written by Brother Pechin, which stated, " Those who have originated this Magazine have sought to look beyond the future, and hopefully believe that the day will come when a paper edited and published by Phi Kaps shall be furnished to every member of the Fraternity. We may run the risk of being visionary, but it is quite within the range of possibility." HISTORY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FRATERNITY. 27 Forty-four years later this dream has realized in the shape of the Phi Kappa Sigma News Letter. The fourth convention assembled at Gautier's Hotel, Wash- ington, D. C.j on December 28-29, 1858, having been postponed for one year on account of the then prevailing financial depres- sion. Eight of the twelve chapters were represented. William J. Stevenson, of Epsilon, presided, and Dr. Mitchell again acted as secretary. The evident need of a stronger central govern- ment produced at this convention a body known as the " Su- preme Consistory," which was to exercise the executive and judicial functions of the Fraternity. Its membership consisted of all Alphas and ex-Alphas of the several chapters. The officers of the Consistory were an Alpha, a Beta, a Pi, an Upsi- lon, a Sigma, a Tau and an Iota, the unmistakable ancestors of the present Grand Officers. These officers together formed a board called the " Grand Arch Tribunal." The Supreme Con- sistory was divided into seven departments, the duties of which covered every conceivable phase of fraternity activity. It was further provided that the Consistory should meet semi-annually in Philadelphia, while the Grand Arch Tribunal and each of the seven departments should hold quarterly meetings at the same place. To divert a moment from the chronological history of the Fraternity, it may be noted that the first, last and only meeting of the Supreme Consistory was held in Philadelphia on December 28—29, 1859. Seventeen members were present, but as twenty-two were necessary to constitute a quorum, the Con- sistory adjourned, although numerous committees were ap- pointed to carry on the work of the various departments. At the convention of the following year, the Consistory was abol- ished, only to be reorganized, so as to consist of three delegates from each chapter instead of the Alphas and past Alphas, and Dr. Mitchell was created its head for a term of two years. It does not appear, however, that anything further was done by this cumbersome and high-sounding body. The Washington Convention of 1858 is further interesting in that the minutes show that Attorney-General Black, whose son, Chauncey F. Black, of Delta, was a delegate to the conven- tion, had arranged to present the members to President Bu- 28 PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. chanan. The minutes of the convention state: " The Frater- nity headed by the officers of the convention proceeded to the office of the Attorney-General, by whom they were cordially received and escorted to the White House. Each one by name was presented to the President, after which Mr. Stevenson made a short but exceedingly appropriate address, informing the President of the object of their call, to pay that tribute of re- spect to which he, as a man, and as the Chief Magistrate of the nation was so eminently entitled, and, in referring to the Fra- ternity, mentioned that every portion of the Union was there represented. The President, after alluding in flattering terms to the visit, spoke of the influence of such conventions, composed as they were of the best educated young men of the country, facetioushy remarking ' that an old man like himself might stand in dread of being blown " sky high," ' and in relation to the responsibility resting upon them, expressed the earnest hope that they would all prove devoted to the interests, and use their influence in maintaining the integrity and preserving the glory of the Union." The convention closed with an oration by Sam- uel Dickson, of Alpha, and a poem by William Baillie Ritter, of Eta. The Convention of December 27-28, 1860, held in New York, was a memorable one in the annals of the Fraternity. Of the fifteen chapters, twelve were present. " The integrity of the Union " referred to by President Buchanan two years before was then seriously threatened. The election of President Lin- coln had taken place the preceding month, and it is easy to imagine that the state of excitement in the country was reflected among the delegates. Prior to the assemblage of the conven- tion, Mu Chapter had, on December 18, addressed a circular letter to all the chapters, calling attention to the political con- dition of the country and emphasizing the claims of the state as " paramount to all other considerations." It submitted to the chapters a series of questions, inquiring whether the Fraternity could continue as a united body in case of a dissolution of the Union ; what steps could be taken to meet the new relations arising from such dissolution ; and whether an amendment should not be inserted in the ritual of initiation obliging each member HISTORY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FRATERNITY. 29 " to still sectional interference and agitation." In accordance with the purport of this letter, William P. Grivot, of Mu, offered at the convention a resolution recommending that " an obligation be placed in the ceremony of initiation which shall recognize the social distinction between the white and black races." The slavery question thus injected into the Fraternity consumed the entire attention of the convention. Theta Chap- ter, following the example of Mu, offered a resolution calling for the same constitutional amendment, prefaced by various pre- ambles reciting the condition of the country. Strange to say, Xi Chapter from the neighboring State of Mississippi presented a motion that no resolution of a political nature should be admitted before the convention. To this the Theta Chapter retorted that its resolution was not a political sentiment, but " a just demand of a necessary recognition of principle within the Fraternity." After a long debate, it was decided that " in view of the present distracted and eminently critical condition of our country, deeply affecting all classes of citizens, a com- mittee of one from every chapter should be appointed to pre- pare an address to the chapters and members of the Fraternity, and that all addresses, resolutions and communications of a political nature should be referred to that committee." The committee was accordingly appointed and on the following day presented both a majority and a minority report. The major- ity, composed of the committeemen from Beta, Epsilon, Zeta and all of the Southern chapters, except Xi, reported that an address alone would be inadequate to meet the difficulties of the occasion, and they therefore proposed a resolution stating that the Fraternity recognize the social distinction between white and black races, and they further proposed a constitutional amend- ment to carry into effect the resolution. The minority report, submitted by the remaining Northern committeemen, together with Xi, reported that in their opinion an address would be amply sufficient. After an animated discussion the whole mat- ter was referred back to the committee, with the result that the committee unanimously reported that an address be sent out, and that the initiation ritual include a pledge " to still all po- litical and religious interference and agitation whenever and 30 PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. wherever it may arise in the Fraternit}'." An address was accordingly prepared and dispatched to all the chapters, signed by the entire thirty-four delegates. In a dignified style it pro- claimed the stability and union of the Fraternity irrespective of political dissolution and urged fraternal harmony among the members. This brief sketch of the slavery agitation at this convention, recounting it only as disclosed by the minutes, neces- sarily leaves to the imagination the heated political arguments which must have taken place among the delegates. The convention closed with a dinner at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, at which an oration was delivered by William Godley, of Beta, and a poem by Albert H. Slape, of Epsilon. The minutes note that at the same time and place the Delta Kappa Epsilon was holding a banquet and that an interchange of sentiments was had between the banquets. To the Delta Kappa Epsilon was sent the following: " Phi Kappa Sigma to Delta Kappa Epsilon : The secret societies of America — may an honorable rivalry ever incite them and harmony characterize their intercourse." The reply : " Six cheers for the Phi Kappa Sigma. The Delta Kappa Epsilon to the Phi Kappa Sigma returns her most cordial salu- tation with the following sentiment : The secret societies of American colleges, planets of the same educational system, may their movement rival the harmony of the spheres." The New York Convention adjourned to meet at Richmond, Va., in 1862. Owing to the Civil War this convention did not meet, and it was not until December 28-29, 1864, that the Fra- ternity again gathered as a national body. This convention \\a>> held at Philadelphia in the famous Parlor C of the Conti- nental Hotel. The seven Northern chapters were all present, the eight from the South all absent. All of the chapter reports refer to the havoc wrought by the war. No reference is made to the condition of any of the Southern chapters, except that of Omicron. As to that chapter, the convention was in receipt of a letter from Newton William, of Delta, stating that he was Hhii at Centre College, but that no member of Omicron was to be found. Apparently no oration or poem was delivered. The Convention of December 27-28, 1865, met at the Fifth Joseph C. Bellamy Grand Alpha. 1882 Henry 1). Scuddeb Grand Alpha, 1888-88 William M. Stewart, Jr. Grand Alpha. 1SS9 Frank B. 1)a\< y (.rand Alpha. 1 S!)0 !>1 Thomas L. Montgomery Grand Alpha, 1892-95 - I I \ ENSON II \\ ILSII '.ran. I Alpha, IH!)<; 97 J, II \l( I I.LY Ml.lflill K (.ran. I Alpha. 1898 I90fi .loii\ Pope Baer (■rand Alpl a. 1!»II7 (III HISTORY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FRATERNITY. 31 Avenue Hotel, New York City. Eight Northern chapters were represented, Pi at Harvard having been founded since the last convention. The non-existence of the eight Southern chapters was by this time undoubted, and the convention directed that active steps be taken to reorganize them wherever possible. At the same time the convention chartered a new chapter, Rho, at Austin College, Huntsville, Texas, an ill-starred attempt which lasted but a year. This convention was presided over by Dr. Mitchell. Neither the orator, Daniel S. Tuttle, of Iota, nor the poet, Clay MacCauley, of Epsilon, was present. The Conven- tion of 1866 met on December 27-28 of that year in Philadel- phia. The eight Northern chapters were all present and the Southern chapters, which were still carried on the rolls, all absent, including the Rho Chapter. Henry L. Bunstein, of Gamma, presided, with Robert N. Clark, of Alpha, as secre- tary. It was reported that efforts were being made to revive the Nu Chapter at Cumberland University and the Omicron Chapter at Centre College, but apparently nothing was doing. Resolutions were again adopted calling for the reorganization of the Southern chapters and the convention adjourned. A year later the convention met at Harrisburg, Pa., on December 31, 1867, and January 1, 1868, under the presidency of Louis E. McComas, of Epsilon, with John C. Sims, of Alpha, as secretary. The convention, while attended by only six chap- ters, is of importance in that it directed a revision of the Con- stitution, which, when adopted the following year, became the basis of the present government of the Fraternity. The usual oration was delivered by Henry L. Bunstein, of Gamma, and a poem prepared by Henry F. King, of Epsilon, was read by Horace Bonham, of Gamma. The Conventions of May 15, 1869, and December 22, 1869, both held at Philadelphia, mark the beginning of the general Fraternity as it now exists as a national body. At these con- ventions the Constitution which, with revisions, is still in force, was adopted. There was created by it the body now known as the Grand Chapter, which has met each year since then and which exercises general legislative power over the Fraternity. There was created at the same time the Executive Board, which, 32 PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. as its name implies, is the executive body of the Fraternity be- tween the sessions of the Grand Chapter. The second of these two conventions marked the erection of the Sigma Chapter at Lehigh University. The Fraternity at this time, geographic- ally speaking, was a sectional body, consisting of five chapters in Pennsylvania, one in New Jersey and one in New York. Both the Pi and Rho chapters had passed away and the ante-bellum chapters in the South were all out of existence. Iota, at Colum- bia, had but one man in college and became dormant in 1870. National fraternity spirit was at low ebb and a desire to remedy this was doubtless the reason for the calling of a general con- vocation, the first of several which have been since held, which met at Philadelphia on December 31, 1871. Judge James D. Watters, of Epsilon, presided, and the historic oration and poem were revived, the former being delivered by Henry Kyd Douglas, of Zeta, and the latter by Horatio C. King, of Epsilon. At the convention held at Philadelphia, January 9—10, 1873, called the " fifth " under the new Constitution, but in reality the fourteenth actually held, Leroy S. Edwards appeared from Eta Chapter, the first Southern delegate since the war. Brother Edwards was the moving spirit in the reorganization of Eta on September 26, 1872, and he was also largely instru- mental in establishing the Tau Chapter at Randolph-Macon College, in January, 1872, and the Phi Chapter at Richmond College, in January, 1873. As a further evidence of the revived interest in the Fraternity there had been established on July 8, 1872, the first chapter in the Middle West, namely, Upsilon Chapter at Northwestern University, which was fathered by James C. Ernst, of Beta. The organization of the first Alumni Association, located in New York City, had occurred in 1869. In order to encourage such organizations, they were in 1870 given representation in the Grand Chapter, but this was re- pealed in 1871, and from that time until 1901 alumni chapters were not officially recognized. Following upon the institution of Upsilon, the Chi Chapter was established at Racine College, Wisconsin, in March, 1873, mainly through the efforts of Arch B. Eldridge, of Beta, and John M. Dandy, of Upsilon. It HISTORY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FRATERNITY. 33 lived, however, but a few years, owing to faculty oppression. The Second General Convocation, which was held at Horti- cultural Hall, in Philadelphia, June 30, 1876, was by far the largest gathering in the history of the Fraternity up to that time. Col. James L. Clark, of Eta, acted as salutatorian. Henry L. Bunstein, of Gamma, delivered a history of the Fra- ternity. Col. Horatio C. King, of Epsilon, read a poem, and the oration was delivered by Hon. E. John Ellis, of Theta. In the evening an elaborate banquet was held at which Dr. Mitchell, the founder of the Fraternity, acted as toastmaster. The Grand Chapter met at the same time. A few months be- fore, Psi Chapter had been established at the Long Island Medical College, Brooklyn, through the efforts of Gamma Chap- ter. This entrance into a purely professional school was a mistake, and the chapter did not long survive. In fact the recent energy of the Fraternity was soon expended, for 1877 recorded the extinction of both Beta and Epsilon, the former because of the wholesale abolition of fraternities at Princeton, and the latter from lack of available material. The only en- couraging sign was that Lambda Chapter at North Carolina had arisen from the ruins of the war and was again in a flourish- ing condition, although existing sub rosa, the chapter sending special warning to the other chapters never to address communi- cations in such a way as to indicate the existence of the chapter. During the latter '70's, Alpha, Lambda and Upsilon were the most flourishing chapters ; the others then active, Gamma, Delta, Zeta, Eta, Sigma, Tau, Phi and Psi, having but two or three men each in their respective colleges. The falling off of interest since the Convocation of 1876 was apparent in the next one, held in 1879, when the number present was less than half at that of 1876. So general was the discouraging outlook for the Fraternity nationally that no convention was again held until January 20, 1882, when it was reported that Gamma and Psi were each reduced to one member in college. The Grand Chap- ter accordingly withdrew the charter of Psi that year and that of Gamma the following year. Zeta Chapter, which had had a long and prosperous existence, was also in dire straits, so much so that at the Convention of January, 1882, it was voted to 34 PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. disband the chapter. However, local brethren in Lancaster came to its relief, and the Executive Board, in March of 1882, by what was apparently a stretch of its constitutional powers, decided to hold in abeyance the order disbanding Zeta, with the result that at the convention held on December 29, 1882, the dissolution of Zeta was repealed. Despite these adverse circumstances felt so generally throughout the chapters, a high standard of membership was maintained by all. Several struggled along with but two or three members, preferring the risk of extinction to a lowering of the standard of membership. Epsilon indeed surrendered its charter for this reason, and Sigma and Phi were without men in college for a few years. The Conventions of 1882 mark the first discussions looking toward the establishment of a Fraternity magazine, but nothing seems to have been done in the matter until 1890, as will be noted later. The Omega Chapter at Haverford College was founded in 1884, the Executive Board reporting to the Grand Chapter that its establishment was " the crowning effort of the year." Spasmodic efforts to revive dormant chapters came to a head at this convention, and it w r as resolved that Beta and Iota should be reorganized by the Alpha, Gamma by Sigma, Epsilon by Zeta and Phi by Tau. The only result was the revival of Phi in the following year. In 1886, the need of a Fraternity magazine was again discussed, and the Tau Chapter was authorized to publish a paper in the interest of the Fraternity. Nothing, however, was done until the session of the Grand Chapter held at Norfolk, Virginia, January 3, 1890. This convention, while small in numbers, was in many respects a turning point in the Frater- nity's career as a national organization. Delegates were pres- ent from but five chapters, Alpha, Eta, Lambda, Phi and Omega, but it authorized the inauguration of the Phi Kappa Sigma Quarterly and elected Stuart McGuire, of Eta, editor-in-chief. Dr. McGuire subsequently declined, and George. Gordon Battle, of Lambda, was substituted in his place. The first number was published in New York, in February, 1891. Subsequent issues HISTORY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FRATERNITY. 35 were published in Philadelphia regularly until 1901, when it was discontinued and superseded by the Phi Kappa Sigma Nexvs Letter, the official organ at the present time. At this convention Lambda Chapter reported that it had the honor to possess the first chapter house in the Fraternity. The delegates reported the house as a " beautiful and conven- ient chapter house which was built, furnished and presented to the chapter by our generous alumni." It is described as " a building about thirty by forty feet and is painted in our colors, but the outside appearance gives but a slight idea of the con- venience and beauty of its interior. Our Assembly Hall is a large room, which, thanks to the kindness of Frank B. Dancy, is most handsomely and appropriately decorated. On the ros- trum we have three handsome mahogany chairs with old gold cushions ; a handsome Brussels carpet is on the floor. Our windows have lace curtains and shades with Lambda and the skull and cross bones painted on them. All of the globes of the lamps have the same thing painted on them; all of us are con- stantly stimulated to still greater action on account of our neat hall." The Convention of 1891 met in Philadelphia on January 1st, with nine chapters represented, the largest since 1860. The loss of Omega Chapter, caused by prohibitive faculty legis- lation, was offset by the institution of Psi at Pennsylvania State College, which was accomplished by the absorption of the local chapter of the Q. T. V. Society. In 1892 Rho Chapter was founded at the University of Illinois. In 1893, Anthony Sambola, of Theta, revived the Mu Chapter at Tulane, and the Kappa Chapter at Lake Forest was founded, but both, together with the youthful Rho Chapter, soon succumbed, chiefly because of the financial panic at that time. The Fraternity did not seem to realize the importance of establishing chapters only upon a firm basis so as to assure their permanency. In 1894 the Alpha Alpha Chapter was founded at Washington and Lee University at Lexington, Va., .and the Epsilon Chapter at Dickinson was revived by the ab- sorption of a local society known as Alpha Zeta Phi, which had existed successfully at that institution for a number of years. $6 PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. In the following year the Alpha Beta Chapter at Toronto Uni- versity, the only chapter organized outside the territory of the United States, came into existence. Practically all of its mem- bers, however, failed to return the next year and the chapter's career was abortive. The charter of Lambda was finally with- drawn with great regret in 1896, after it had led a struggling existence for three or four years. Mu, which had succumbed temporarily, was revived in 1901, and has since continued ac- tive. Rho also was revived in 1902 and Iota in 1904 under favorable conditions and they have since attained high rank in their respective universities. It will thus be seen that from 1860 to the middle of the last decade of the century the Fraternity suffered from a lack of cohesion nationally, occasional periods of enthusiasm and ex- pansion being succeeded by a recurrence of apathy. The effect of the beginning of civil war in the country in 1861 was to deprive the Fraternity at one blow of half its active life. From such a calamity recovery was necessarily prolonged. The won- der is, not that a long period of national inactivity followed, but that the Fraternity survived it all. It is a powerful testimonial to the loyalty of its members that it succeeded eventually in restoring its organic unity. The national lethargy was not, however, reflected in the several chapters individually. During this whole period Alpha Chapter maintained its historic posi- tion as the leading fraternity at the University of Pennsylvania. Eta Chapter at Virginia, following its revival after the war, together with the Tau and Phi chapters in the same date, ob- tained members of the highest personnel, as did Lambda at North Carolina. In the West the Upsilon Chapter for many years maintained an isolated existence with marked success. It was not, however, until 1896 that the Fraternity began to as- sume its present commanding position as a national organiza- tion. Since that time several chapters have been added in the leading institutions of the country under conditions which have assured permanent organizations. The result has been a mar- velous development in the Fraternity as a national body. It now numbers thirty-one active chapters, all of which are strong in their respective colleges and are united as one general society. Frank 15. Bower Grand Alpha, 1910-12 J \\ik~ Si win Grand Alpha. 1918 15 George P. Bagby Grand Alpha. 1915 16 HISTORY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FRATERNITY. 37 The Executive Board, which for many years after its creation in 1869 met at irregular intervals, has for the last twenty-five years held regular monthly meetings and carries on an enor- mous amount of executive business and detail throughout the year. No better testimony of the Fraternity's strength can be found than in the enthusiastic manner with which its Semi- centennial was celebrated in Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, on October 17, 18 and 19, 1900. Delegates from all the active chapters and several hundred alumni assembled from all parts of the country. In addition to the routine business sessions of the Grand Chapter a general convocation was held during the convention. This was presided over by Grand Alpha J. Hart- ley Merrick, with Charles Hare Hutchinson, of Alpha, one of the two then surviving founders of the Fraternity, as honorary president. Thomas Lynch Montgomery, of Alpha, past Grand Alpha, delivered an historical address ; Russell Duane, of Alpha, was the orator, and General Horatio C. King, of Epsilon, read a poem. On the 18th a memorial service was held at St. Ste- phen's Church, in the porch of which edifice are buried the re- mains of Dr. Mitchell, the founder. The service was conducted with great impressiveness, all of the officiating clergy being members of the Fraternity. The sermon was delivered by the Rev. George Woolsey Hodge, of Alpha Chapter. On the eve- ning of the 19th the Semi-Centennial was brought to a close with an elaborate banquet, at which between two hundred and fifty and three hundred Phi Kaps were present, the Hon. William U. Hensel, of Zeta, acting as toastmaster. Toasts were responded to by Samuel Dickson, Esq. (Alpha), of the Philadelphia Bar; Hon. George Glover Crocker (Pi), chairman of the Boston Sub- way Commission ; Randal Morgan, Esq. (Alpha), vice-president of the United Gas Improvement Company ; Dr. William Draper Lewis (Omega), dean of the Law School of the University of Pennsylvania, and others. In 1901 the Executive Board found that the Phi Kappa Sigma Quarterly was not fulfilling its proper function as a Fra- ternity magazine and accordingly suspended it, and instituted in its stead the publication known as the Phi Kappa Sigma 38 PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. New* Letter, which has since continued as the official organ of the Fraternity. The News Letter aims to present a succinct record of the current progress of the Fraternity, without any attempt to pose as a literary magazine. Its circulation, free of cost among all living members, has proved to be the means of awakening and solidifying fraternal loyalty to a remarkable degree. At its Convention at Baltimore in 1004, the Grand Chapter instituted the officers known as " Chapters Visitors " who are appointed by the Executive Board, one from each chapter, as overseers of their chapters. These officers are selected from among the alumni of the Fraternity and are required to make stated visits to the chapters and to report to the Executive Hoard upon the conditions found existing. By this means the Executive Board is put in possession of accurate information concerning each chapter from the point of view of the graduate. The convention of 1907 held in New York authorized the creation of the Phi Kappa Sigma Endowment Fund for the purpose of raising money to buy or build chapter houses to be owned by the General Fraternity for the benefit of the chapters. Ilaseltine Smith, Alpha '95, was made chairman of the fund and subsequently elected to the newly created office of Grand Epsi- lon. This position lie continued to hold until his election as Grand Alpha in December, 1916. He continued practically in charge of the fund until the spring of 1919 for the reason that his immediate successor as Grand Epsilon, Benjamin Lee, 2nd, enlisted in the Naval Aviation service shortly after his election and was killed while flying off the coast of England in the fall of 1918. During his management of the office, Brother Smith raised $22 586 in cash, together with considerable additional sums in installment subscriptions. The first house erected with endowment fund money was that of Eta Chapter at the Univer- sity of Virginia, which was occupied in the summer of 1911. Subsequently the fund took over the equity of the Alpha Xi Chapter in its house at Purdue University and in the fall of 1917 purchased a home for Alpha Pi Chapter at the University of Chicago. The title to all three houses stands in the names of HISTORY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FRATERNITY. 39 the trustees of the Phi Kappa Sigma Endowment Fund. The trustees originally appointed were General Horatio C. King, Epsilon '58 ; Effingham B. Morris, Alpha '75, President of the Girard Trust Company of Philadelphia ; and Claude A. Swan- son, Tau '85, United States Senator from Virginia. Upon the death of General King in 1918, Judge Wells M. Cook, Upsilon '95, became his successor. In addition to these three houses, seventeen houses are owned by various chapters, the money hav- ing been raised by the chapter alumni. All of the remaining chapters have rented houses and in practically all cases have building funds. A fair valuation of all houses owned is $625,- 750, in which the Fraternity's equity amounts to $412,350. From the early '80's until 1914, the Grand Chapter met every year, usually in December. The convention in the year last named was held under the auspices of Alpha Iota Chapter at Nashville, Tenn. This was the first convention held in the far South. This session passed an amendment to the constitu- tion, providing that the Grand Chapter should meet " annually or otherwise " as might be determined from time to time. Ac- cordingly the following year the convention was held on August 26th and 27th, 1915, in San Francisco, during the Panama- Pacific Exhibition. Notwithstanding the long distance from the geographical center of the Fraternity, the convention was attended by a large number of delegates and alumni from the East and South. Up to this time the various officers of the Executive Board had conducted the Fraternity's business from their private offices. The volume of business had increased to such an extent that in the case of three or four of the officers it was no longer practicable to continue in this manner. The Grand Chapter therefore authorized the established of a Fra- ternity office, located in Philadelphia, with the employment of such clerical help as would be necessary to maintain the office properly. This has proven of great practical benefit. All of the business records of the Fraternity are now located in this office and most of the correspondence is carried on from there. The next convention was held at Chicago, 111., on Decem- ber 30th and 31st, 1916, and in attendance surpassed all previ- <-.-»» 4 o PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. ous sessions. As the United States entered the world war in April, 1917, it was determined to hold no convention until after the war. The Executive Board, anticipating the effect of the war upon the undergraduate chapters, took steps in the spring of 1917 to collect data concerning the exact status of the real estate and general business condition of each of the chapters and where necessary saw to it that no chapter suffered by rea- son of the reduction in its membership. During the winter of 1917 and 1918 all of the chapters continued in operation, none, however, with more than fifty per cent, of normal membership and many with but two or three members in attendance, al- though many of the undergraduates were under the original draft age. From the records which the Fraternity has gath- ered and which are believed to be as nearly correct as possible, twenty-four hundred and eighty-six members entered the mili- tary or naval service or enlisted in one of the auxiliary organi- zations, such as the Red Cross or the " Y," while many others worked as civilians at some form of war activity. As far as is known, forty-two members gave up their lives in the service of their country. The Fraternity is justly proud of the record of its members in the war. The fall of 1918 saw the colleges operating under the regu- lations of the Student Army Training Corps. Dormitories and fraternity houses were converted into barracks or used for other purposes in connection with the military occupation. The question at once arose as to the situation of the fraternities. The original instructions issued from the War Department at Washington were somewhat ambiguous and led to the impres- sion in many places that the fraternities were not to be allowed to continue their existence by the initiation of new members. The general officers of the Fraternity promptly took up the matter with the authorities in Washington, as was also done by officers of other fraternities, and a supplemental order was issued showing that while the usual social activities of the fra- ternities would not be permitted there was no objection to the maintenance of the organizations by the initiation of new mem- bers. The cessation of hostilities in November, 1918, and the abandonment of the Student Army Training Corps shortly HISTORY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FRATERNITY. 41 thereafter removed the question as to the status of the frater- nities, although in many instances the return to normal condi- tions was not brought about until the fall of 1919. During the last week of June, 1919, the Grand Chapter again met at Atlantic City, N. J. Elaborate plans were laid to make this convention a grand rally of undergraduates and alumni alike in order to restore the morale interrupted by the war and to start the chapters enthusiastically upon the opening of colleges in the fall. The convention was largely attended, was addressed by various alumni, including members who had seen service overseas and in all respects was most successful. In conclusion, the present activities of the Fraternity as a national organization may be summarized as follows : I. The Grand Chapter, consisting of three delegates from each chapter and one delegate from each alumni chapter, under the presidency of the Grand Alpha. The Executive Board and the Chapter Visitors collectively constitute additional voting units on votes which are taken by chapters. The Grand Chap- ter has general legislative power over the Fraternity subject to the provisions of the Constitution. The Constitution, By-Laws and Acts of the Grand Chapter are collected in printed form and are in the possession of each chapter. II. The Executive Board, which consists of the Grand Officers of the Grand Chapter, is the working executive of the Grand Chapter between the sessions. The Board is presided over by the Grand Alpha and meets monthly, carrying into execution an enormous amount of governmental detail. III. The offices of the Grand Beta and the Grand Pi, who supervise the chapter visitor system. The chapters are divided into two groups, over one of which the Grand Beta and over the other the Grand Pi has charge, directing the work of the respec- tive Chapter Visitors. IV. The office of the Grand Sigma, who is the secretary of the Executive Board and of the Grand Chapter, performing the varied duties which customarily belong to such an office. V. The office of the Grand Tau, who collects and disburses the finances of the Fraternity. These finances are raised by a stated per capita tax upon all of the chapters. The funds are PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. used in paying the expenses of the Grand Officers and of one delegate from each chapter to the Grand Chapter; for the publi- cation of the Phi Kappa Sigma News Letter, which is sent free to all living members; for the puhlication of a pocket directory of living members, which is issued in every alternate year, and for various current miscellaneous expenses. VI. The office of the Grand Upsilon, who is the editor of the Phi Kappa Sigma News Letter, of 'the pocket directory and of the general Register. The duties of the Grand Upsilon entail the keeping of an accurate card catalogue of the names and addresses of all living members of the Fraternity. VII. The office of the Grand Epsilon, who is the head of the Endowment Fund through which money is raised to finance the erection of houses for the chapters, to be owned by the chapters or by the general Fraternity for their use. Boyd Lee Spahr, Epsilon, '00, Grand Upsilon. Boyd Lee Spahr Grand I'psilon Paul ('. Wagneb (■rand Tau Robert B. M vcFadyen Grand Sigma Albert C. Dieffenbach Grand Beta Haselttne Smith Grand Alpha William ('. West Grand I'i Abthi b M Jjenb Grand Epolon Patbics M. Ebteb Earl A. Babbett rHOMAB M. McAdAMS Grand T<>ta Grand Theta Grand Theta THE EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE GRAND CHAPTER A. D. 1920 G. A., HASELTINE SMITH (A). G. B., ALBERT CHARLES DIEFFENBACH (Z). G. II., WILLIAM CHARLES WEST (AM). G. I., THOMAS BRANCH MC ADAMS (<£). G. %., ROBERT BYRON MAC FADYEN (A A). G. T., PAUL CONNER WAGNER (Z). G. Y., BOYD LEE SPAHR (E). G. E., ARTHUR MARK JENS (AE). G, ©., PATRICK MANN ESTES ($). 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D. 1850 SAMUEL BROWN WYLIE MITCHELL JAMES BAYARD HODGE ALFRED VICTOR du PONT CHARLES HARE HUTCHINSON JOHN THORN STONE DUANE WILLIAMS ANDREW ADAMS RIPKA History of Alpha Chapter A complete history of Alpha Chapter must of necessity include, to a certain extent, a history of the Fraternity itself, but as that appears elsewhere in this Register only a brief summary can be here given of Alpha's part in the building up of our national organization. The early papers left by Dr. Mitchell in his handwriting indicate that he first conceived the idea of establishing a frater- nity at the University of Pennsylvania on the 16th of August, 1850, a date that is memorable in the annals of Alpha Chapter, not only from this fact, but because August 16th was, by a strange coincidence, the date both of the birth and death of the founder. It was with the idea of a rivalry with Delta Phi, then the only college fraternity established at Pennsylvania, when Dr. Mitchell, with that energy and enthusiasm which spine of us still remember, took into his confidence a few intimate classmates, and as the result of a conversation held in Professor Vethake's room at the University, then located in Ninth Street, Phi Kappa Sigma, the only fraternity founded at the University of Penn- sylvania, was organized on the 19th day of October, 1850. The founders were Samuel Brown Wylie Mitchell, James Bayard Hodge, Alfred Victor Du Pont, Charles Hare Hutchinson, John Thorn Stone, Duane Williams and Andrew Adams Ripka. These seven met at the house of James Bayard Hodge, at the northwest corner of Ninth and Walnut Streets, and organized by calling him to the chair. A constitution and by-laws were then presented and adopted, having been previously drafted by a committee which met at Duane Williams' house, on the north side of Walnut Street, between Eighth and Ninth Streets, next door to what is now the Casino. " An order of initiation was then framed, the badge adopted, and the life of the Fraternity begun. 47 4 3 PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. The greater part of the work, and the design of the badge, was Dr. Mitchell's ; he was the soul and spirit of the movement and had a natural ability for organization ; and, although there were other societies of which he was founder, he never allowed any of them to interfere with his love for the Fraternity. The early development of the order is largely attributable to his fostering care and effort in its behalf. His charm of manner and great earnestness of purpose made him always desired and conspicuous. The Fraternity began at once to flourish, when shortly after, in December, Hodge died of scarlet fever, and this sad event cast a gloom over the others. Notwithstanding this, the Fraternity grew rapidly. From accounts, for the records say nothing about it, they had no regular place for meetings for some time, but held them either at each other's houses or at some convenient hotel or restaurant. They finally secured rooms in a house on the east side of Tenth Street below South. This was not a convenient locality, and the premises were shortly vacated on account of a dispute between the landlord and the tenant, as the members of the Fraternity, being subtenants of the latter, became disagreeably connected as witnesses in a law- suit. From here rooms were rented in a house which stood on the northeast corner of Eighth and Walnut Streets. While here the faculty suddenly became aware of the existence of the organization and were alarmed lest the nefarious schemes and practics, which they supposed were being carried on under cover of secrecy, should injure the reputation of the University. Threats of expulsion were made and the parents and guardians of the students were written to and the members summoned to attend in the faculty room and answer for themselves. When Dr. Mitchell was summoned, the Provost asked him, on pointing to his badge, " Why do you wear that piratical ensign? " As one of the members of that period has said, " So far as concerned the treatment of undergraduates, the order of the day was repression, restriction of liberty and enforced obedience to cast- iron rules. The faculty seemed to have set their faces against everything desired by the students. Too much afraid of inno- HISTORY OF ALPHA CHAPTER. 49 vations, they fought against changes at a time when any de- parture from the old habit would have been an advance in the right direction. The trustees followed in the same ruts." A printed circular was sent to all the parents and guard- ians of the students by the faculty and trustees, warning them against the pernicious influence and the dire results that would ensue from allowing their sons to join secret societies. This opposition only further inspired the efforts of the members to add to their number. Dr. Mitchell was a man of indomitable will and energy, and opposition on the part of the college authorities only had the effect of giving greater impetus to the cause. In 1852 the last member of the academic department had graduated and the only connection that was left with the Uni- versity was three members of the medical department. For nearly a year the existence of the order was precarious. Only medical students composed the membership, and many of them ceased to give much of their attention to the interests of the society. But here again Dr. Mitchell came to the rescue, and he, with a few of those who remained steadfast to the cause, initiated the next year, on the 23d of April, 1853, Henry Boyd McKeen, for the purpose of founding the Beta Chapter at Princeton College, which took root immediately and soon grew into a large and flourishing branch of the parent stem ; and on the 20th of December following, the Gamma Chapter at La- fayette College was founded by Stacy G. Potts, of the Beta Chapter. Dr. Mitchell's connection with the medical profession brought him almost solely at this time in contact with students of the Medical Department of the University, and by reason of this the members were wholly initiated from that department. On the appointment of Dr. Mitchell to the staff of the Phila- delphia Hospital many meetings of the Fraternity were held in his rooms at that institution, for now no hall was rented for the use of the chapter. During the year following, on the 5th of June, the Delta Chapter at Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., was enrolled among the list of chapters. Thus affairs ran on until the 17th of January, 1855, when six members of the college department were initiated at Druids 5 o phi Kappa sigma fraternity. Hall, on Fifth Street, corner of Adelphi. These were Robert H. McGrath, Charles E. Hackley, James Devereux, Samuel Dickson, J. M. McGrath and Alexander W. Mitchell. This initiation was conducted by Dr. Mitchell, William Cook, Morris J. Asch and William McCalla McKecn with great ceremony. From this the Fraternity took on a new existence with these six members of the collegiate department, and with the careful nursing of the founder, Dr. Mitchell, it began to grow rapidly. Its previous precarious life was now a thing of the past, and it started with renewed vigor on its career. The first four meet- ings after this reorganization were held in Phoenix Hall, Zane Street above Seventh Street. On the 10th of April, when the lodge of the chapter was located in the two front rooms, fourth story, of No. 42 South Eighth Street, four members were initi- ated — Henry A. du Pont, C. E. Lamotte, William D. Stuart and Edward S. Whelen. These rooms were leased to Brother R. M. McGrath by Victor Reboul, a shoemaker, with the pro- viso " that the premises should not be used in any other manner than as a quiet society." The first minutes of which there is any record began 25th of June, 1855, and are recorded in a book mostly in Dr. Mitch- ell's handwriting. On the 10th of January, 1856, the rooms on the third story of the same building were taken, where a few meetings were held. First of March, 1856, the chapter moved into two large rooms with large middle doors on the ground floor of No. 57 George (now Sansom) Street above Eleventh Street, next to Ashmead's Printing House. These rooms were hand- somely fitted up. It was during March of 1857 that the Phi Kappa Sigma Magazine was started, and an unusually full attendance was had at the meeting when the first production of that paper was read by Brother Pechin, " causing an amount of satisfaction not expected." It was issued monthly. The front covers were embellished in pen and ink and water color drawings of various designs, with the symbols of the Fraternity. This was the work either of C. A. McCall or James Harrison Lambdin, the latter being an artist of no mean ability, and who painted a skull and bones resting on a book which he presented to the chapter and HISTORY OF ALPHA CHAPTER. 51 which now hangs in the chapter house and is one of the most cherished treasures. The magazine always had an editorial, a summary of the news of the different chapters condensed from the correspondence of the preceding month, one or two articles and a poem or two. It was all in manuscript. On May 16, 1859, the chapter moved from this locality to the second floor back of the building at the northeast corner of Tenth and Walnut Streets, which was reported by the Alpha of the chapter in his report to be inconvenient and the stay only intended to be temporary. In the fall of 1859 it removed to the southwest corner of Eighth and Sansom Streets, third floor, into very pleasant and commodious rooms, in which the chapter was better situated than ever before. It was here that, on the 19th of October, I860, the tenth anniversary of the founding of the Fraternity was celebrated. The Alpha in his report congratulated the chapter upon the results achieved by the indefatigable efforts of that valuable officer ■ — the Tau. " The comforts we are now enjoying, the adornments and con- veniences of our hall, the quiet conscience (as we find ourselves almost relieved from debt) are all due to his alchemical powers of converting promises into ready cash." At the outbreak of the war from the early part of 1861 the chapter was seriously broken up by reason of her members going to the front ; thirty members of Alpha Chapter entered' the service. No minutes of the chapter appear between the 16th of April, 1861, to 16th of November, 1863. They had no hall until 1862, when a few members attended meetings at 207 South Sixth Street, and for a time all interest was given up and the prospects were indeed gloomy. In October of this year the chapter had only one member with whom to begin the session, with the popular notion that the Fraternity was entirely defunct. During this exciting period a correspondence was, however, kept up by Brother R. II. McGrath, the Upsilon, with a number of the chapters, and the Fraternity was kept alive by him, the only effective officer left to carry on the work of the Fraternity. Many letters were written and received by him to and from the field of battle, and from both sides in the con- flict. Many acts of kindness and brotherly affection towards 52 PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. each other demonstrated the efficacy of the strong ties that bound together the members of Phi Kappa Sigma. Those of the chapter who remained in Philadelphia during this period hearing that one or more of the Southern members were prisoners at Fort Delaware and in very destitute circum- stances, made up a box of clothing, eatables, etc., and sent them forward. Months afterward there were received through the mails on a piece of common brown wrapping paper a few lines (signed by Brother Anthony Sambola) stating that some of the Southern brethren in the Confederate Army had heard of this action, and that if they knew of any Phi Kaps in Southern prisons and would advise them, ever} r effort would be made to render their situation as tolerable as their scanty means would permit. This little incident spoke volumes in behalf of Frater- nity combination and work. Subsequently rooms were rented at 207 South Sixth Street, and in the early part of 1864* the meeting rooms of the chapter were located at Sixth and Walnut Streets (southeast corner, third-story front room). At this time the chapter was in the flush of success, having taken in seven men from the Depart- ment of Arts in the different classes. Meetings were now held after the time-honored custom. It was here that a notable entertainment was given to the " Orphan Chapter," a curious abnormal growth of our Frater- nity. This chapter was composed of a few men who had casu- ally found themselves in Baltimore together at the end of the war, and no two of them from the same chapter. The badge brought them together, however, and the " Orphans " did us great credit during their brief career. From Sixth and Walnut Streets the chapter again moved in January, 1867, to the third floor of 926 Chestnut Street, located directly opposite to the abode of the Delta Psi Frater- nity. These rooms were rented from Fonteneau & Salles, but were given up in June, 1868. No minutes appear to have been kept between December, 1867, and March, 1868. During this period initiations were held mostly at the house of Brother John Mercer McCall in DeLancey Place. The chapter appears to have been at low ebb at this period, but a room was rented on HISTORY OF ALPHA CHAPTER. 53 the fourth floor of 1017 Walnut Street about December 1, 1870. This hall was quite large, being 18 by 60 feet. From 1867 to the latter part of 1874 the chapter was domiciled in the third floor of the southeast corner of Tenth and Chestnut Streets. In November of 1874 the chapter again moved to the third floor of 1343 Chestnut Street, next door to a then famous saloon known as " Finelli's," and where the Liberty building now stands. In those days the Phi Kaps dominated all the organizations of the classes from 1873 to 1879, and as a consequence the College Boat Club and the Athletic Association may be said to have had their origin in Alpha Chapter, because for several years in the early struggles of those helps to college life the officers and directors were mainly from our Fraternity. We worked well together for the common good of the University, and the result has shown the foundations to have been well laid. In 1877 the chapter moved to the third floor southeast corner of Chestnut and Juniper Streets, where the uptown office of the Pennsylvania Company now stands. In 1879 Dr. Mitchell, the founder, died and left us the heavy oak chairs and sofa now in the present house, with other mementoes. A memorial meeting was held upon the occasion of the doctor's death in these rooms, the proceedings of which were printed and are among our ar- chives. It is a pleasure to record that the first official recognition of a college fraternity at Pennsylvania was the acceptance by the trustees in 1887 of a fund raised"!) y the Alpha Chapter to establish a prize to be known as " Prize established by the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity in honor of its founder, Samuel Brown Wylie Mitchell." In the autumn of 1893, the rooms were on the second floor of the southwest corner of 13th and Walnut Streets, which rooms were occupied until 1896 when the Chapter purchased a property at 3537 Locust Street. This moving of the chapter's quarters to West Philadel- phia, opposite the University Campus, is significant of the closer alliance of chapter and University interests which has grown steadily. 54 PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. Though the moving to S537 Locust Street was a long step in advance from the rooms at 153th and Walnut, by 1905 it had become evident that larger quarters must be obtained. With this end in view and due to the untiring energy and unflagging enthusiasm of the committee in charge a fund was raised for the purchase of the two small properties between :>.">:>7 Locust and the corner of 36th and Locust Streets. This gave the chapter a building site at least the equal of any other chapter on the campus and on this site the present chapter house was built. The raising of the funds for the erection of the present chapter house on the corner of 36th and Locust was remark- able in that it made a record not only for the total amount of subscriptions but also the number of new subscriptions. The present chapter house was completed in May, 1911, and celebrated with a dinner that will be vividly remembered by all that were fortunate enough to be able to attend. The history of the Alpha Chapter has been closely bound with that of the history of the University. It seems fitting to mention that it was under the leadership of members of Alpha Chapter that plans for an inter-fraternity agreement were com- pleted. There is comparatively little to note in the history of the chapter from the time of occupancy in the new chapter house until the entrance of the United States in the World War in 1917. The new chapter house was of course a great assistance in enabling the chapter to maintain its strong position as a leader at the University-. In a portion of this register will be found a complete record of the activities of the members of the Alpha Chapter in the World War. In this place, it seems appropriate to give a short resume of the difficulties that the chapter encountered and the way these difficulties were surmounted. By the fall of 1917, the membership of the chapter was seriously depleted by enlistments in various branches of the service. The same was true of mo>t of the chapters at the University. In spite of the depletion in members, the chapter was able to maintain its high standard due principally to an unusual degree of support from HISTORY OF ALPHA CHAPTER. 55 the Alumni. At the end of the college year, in June, 1918, the active Alpha Chapter consisted of three men, all of whom were in the Medical School. Prior to the time that the college would have opened in September, 1918, the University was taken over by the War Department for the establishment of a Students' Army Train- ing Corps Unit. The Chapter House was also taken over as a barracks, and as high as 135 men were quartered therein dur- ing the continuation of the Students' Army Training Corps. After the signing of the armistice and the demobilization of the Students' Army Training Corps, the house was returned to the chapter. If it had not been for the interest and the support of the alumni, the chapter would have been in serious difficulty. As it was, with the aid of the men who had been discharged from the service, and the aid and interest of the alumni, the chapter was able to double its membership between January and June, 1919. During the World War, five of Alpha Chapter members gave their lives. In memory of this, a fund has been raised, known as the Alpha Chapter Memorial Fund, for the purpose of paying off the mortgage. Response to this fund, just as in the case of the response to the other for the building of the house, was again characterized by the large number of new sub- scriptions. 56 PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. Alpha Chapter 1850. *James Lloyd Chamberlaine, A.B., A.M., Baltimore, Md. Born at Bonfield, near Oxford, Talbot County, Md., July 5, 1830. Son of James Lloyd and Anna Maria (Hammond) Chamberlaine. Entered the Junior Class of the University in 1848. On leaving the University he first engaged in farming, becoming afterward a teacher of mathematics and surveying. He married Margaret A. M., daughter of Samuel Chamberlaine, of Oxford, Md. He died at Baltimore, December 28, 1899. *Charles Carroll Benton, M.D., Ogdensburg, N. Y. Born at Ox Bow, N. Y., August 20, 1828. Son of Abner Benton, M.D., and Hannah Howell Cooper. Physician. After graduation he spent two years in study abroad. He married on March 7, 1854, Sarah, daughter of Col. John West. He died at Ogdensburg, N. Y., October 3, 1890. 1851. ♦Alfred Victor du Pont, A.B., A.M., Louisville, Ky. Founder. Born near Wilmington, Del., April 18, 1833. Son of Alfred and Margaretta Elizabeth (La Motte) du Pont. He was engaged in the street railroad business, obtaining a controlling interest in the lines in Louisville, St. Louis and New Orleans. He was the founder of the Louisville Manual Training School, and only ten days before his death gave the city a deed to the property. Relative in Fraternity, brother, Bidermann du Pont, Alpha, '56. He died at Louisville, Ky., May 16, 1893. 1852. ♦Samuel Brown Wylie Mitchell, A.B., A.M., M.D., Philadelphia. Originator and Founder of the Fraternity. Born in Philadelphia, August 16, 1828. Only son of Archibald Mitchell and Jane Eliza Matthews. His father was born in Greencastle, Derry County, Ireland, and for many years was teacher of mathematics in the Academy at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Mitchell graduated from the Central High School of Phila- delphia in 1849 with the degree of A.B., then entered the Sopho- more Class of the University of Pennsylvania and was graduated, ALPHA CHAPTER. 57 with the degree of A.B., in 1852. Previous to this he had matricu- lated in the Medical Department of the University and was gradu- ated with the degree of M.D. in 1854. He received the degree of A.M. from the University in 1855. Was Assistant Physician, Philadelphia Hospital, 1854-55. He practiced until the outbreak of the Civil War, when he was commissioned Major and Surgeon of the Eighteenth Pennsylvania U. S. Volunteers, April 17, 1861. Mustered out August 7, 1861, he was commissioned Major and Surgeon of the Eighty-ninth Pennsylvania (Eighth Cavalry), U. S. V., August 17, 1861, and served with distinction until the expira- tion of the term of service, January 24, 1865. Was breveted Lieutenant-Colonel U. S. V., March 13, 1865, for "gallant and meritorious service." He organized the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States and was first on its roll of membership; drafted its constitution, designed its seal and badge, and was elected Recorder of the Commandery of the State of Pennsylvania the first year of its existence, and continued in that office each successive year until his death. He was Commander of Post 2, G. A. R., for five years; a mem- ber of Federal Lodge, A. Y. M., Washington, D. C, and of Frank- lin Lodge, A. Y. M., Philadelphia; also of Philadelphia Command- ery, No. 2, Knights Templar, and of Philadelphia Royal Arch Chapter, No. 169. He was also a member of the American Medical Association and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Dr. Mitchell was the originator of the Phi Kappa Sigma Frater- nity, having been the first to suggest its organization, and its pros- perity was largely due to his active, untiring and efficient services. His memory will long be cherished and revered by the Fraternity and by the community in which he lived. He died at Spring Hill, Delaware County, Pa., Saturday, August 16, 1879, his birthday, and is buried beneath the pavement in the porch of St. Stephen's Church, Philadelphia. *James Bayard Hodge, Philadelphia. Founder. Born in Philadelphia, December 12, 1833. Son of Hugh Lenox Hodge, M.D., Professor in the Medical Department, Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, and Margaret Elizabeth Aspinwall. Died December 11, 1850, in Philadelphia, before graduation, of scarlet fever. Relative in Fraternity, brother, George Woolsey Hodge, Alpha, '65. *Charles Hare Hutchinson, A.B., A.M., Philadelphia. Founder. Born in Lisbon, Portugal, February 13, 1833. Son of Israel Pemberton and Margaretta (Hare) Hutchinson. Phi Beta Kappa. Attorney-at-law. President of the Athenaeum of Phila- delphia; Councilor of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; Di- rector of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts; Member of the Pennsylvania Society Sons of the Revolution, and of the SB PHI KAPPA SIGMA FRATERNITY. Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania. Served as a U. S. Volun- teer during the three months' service, 18<il. Relative in Fraternity, brother, Dr. James Howell Hutchinson, Alpha, '5L He died in Paris, France, October 4, 190;?. •Andrew Adams Ripka, Falmouth, Mass. Founder. Born in Philadelphia, February 16, 1833. Son of Joseph and Catherine (Guger) Ripka. He was a cotton manufacturer, Subsequently a miner and smelter of iron. Member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States; Captain Company A, One Hundred and Nineteenth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volun- teers, August, 186J; resigned and honorably discharged for dis- ability, March, 1863. He married Laura T., daughter of William H. Greenough. He died in Boston, Mass., May 9, 1902. •William McCalla McKeen, Easton, Pa. Born in Philadelphia, December 18, 1833. Son of Henry and Martha (McLeod) McKeen. Cotton manufacturer. At the beginning of the Civil War he became a member of Company D, Gray Reserves, a Philadelphia militia regiment. In 1862 he assisted in the enlist- ment of Company K, of One Hundred and Eighteenth (Corn Exchange) Regiment, and was made its First Lieutenant. He served in the army until March, 1863, when he was honorably dis- charged for disability caused by a severe wound received in the battle of Shepherdstown, W, Ya., September 20, 1862. He mar- ried Annie Louisa Adler. Relative in Fraternity, brother, Henry Boyd McKeen, Beta, '53. He died at Easton, Pa., May 26, 1872. •Morris Joseph Ascli, A.B., A.M.; M.D. [Jefferson Medical], New York, X. Y. Born in Philadelphia, July 4, 1833. Son of Joseph M. and Clarisse (I'lman) Asch. Physician. Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., from August, 1861, until March, 1873, when he resigned; Medical Inspector on staff of General Sheridan, 1865-1872; brevet Captain and brevet Major for faithful and meritorious service, March 13, 1865. Professor of Laryngology in the New York Polyclinic for a time. Surgeon to the Throat Departments of the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary and the Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospital. One of the founders and its President in 1893 of the American La- ryngological Association. Member of New York Academy of Medicine and the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. He died at Irvington-on-IIudson, N. Y., October 5, 1902. 1853. •John Thorn Stone, Philadelphia. Founder. Born in Philadelphia, November 13, 1833. Son of Jonas Emory Stone. He entered the Sophomore Class of the University ALPHA CHAPTER. 59 in 1850, and left at the close of the Sophomore year. He was in the manufacturing business in Germantown, Philadelphia, until his death, May 26, 1882. *Henry Crouse, M.D., Syracuse, N. Y. Born at Simcoe, Norfolk Co., Canada, . Died in Philadelphia, April 20, 1877. * William Taliaferro Hord, M.D., Washington, D. C. Born in Mason County, Ky., March 3, 1832. Son of Judge Francis Triplett and Elizabeth Scott (Moss) Hord. Surgeon, U. S. N. He was commissioned Assistant Surgeon, November 1, 1854; Passed Assistant Surgeon, May 23, 1859; Surgeon, August 1, 1861; Medical Inspector, July 6, 1872; Medical Director, May 1, 1879. Retired March 3, 1893. One of Vice-Presidents International Medical Con- gress, 1887; President of the Examining Board, U. S. N., January 22, 1891, to March 3, 1893; Member Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. He married Eleanor Vaulx, daugh- ter of Major Arnold Harris, U. S. A. He died at Washington, D. C, April 1, 1901. *Sidney Piatt Kennedy, M.D., Lauderdale, Miss. Born in Franklin County, Ala., November 29, 1830. Son of John and Harriet Kennedy. Physician. He married Kate Lockhart. He died September, 1881, at Jackson, Miss. * James Patrick Mcllvaine, A.M., M.D., Brandywine Manor, Pa. Born near St. Clairsville, Ohio, February 21, 1831. Son of Abraham Robinson and 