South Sudanese military spokesman Colonel Philip Aguer questioned the credibility of the report, saying it is not in South Sudanese culture to commit such atrocities and has called for a full investigation.

Unicef executive director Anthony Lake said survivors reported that boys were castrated and left to bleed to death, while girls were gang-raped and killed.

Other children were thrown into burning buildings, he said, adding that the killings took place over three weeks in May in Unity state.

“In the name of humanity and common decency, this violence against the innocent must stop,” Lake said.

Leila Zerrougui, the UN special representative for children in armed conflict, told the UN Security Council that, “in one instance, young boys who did not manage to escape an attack on their village were reportedly tied together with one rope and their throats were slit”.

She said “these heinous crimes fly in the face of numerous commitments by all parties in South Sudan to stop violations against children”.

Zerrougui called on the international community, especially the African Union and the Security Council, “to take concerted action to protect these children, who have grown up surrounded by violence and insecurity”.

Unicef had reported in May that dozens of children were targeted, citing witnesses who said those responsible were armed groups aligned with South Sudan’s military.

South Sudan has been fighting rebels led by the former deputy president since December 2013, when a split among the armed forces in the capital, Juba, later escalated in bloody violence across the country.

Watchdog groups have accused both sides of carrying out serious rights abuses against civilians.