Saturn's largest moon has 'active ice volcanoes'



Saturn's largest moon may have active ice volcanoes that spew ammonia and methane instead of lava, scientists say.



The international Cassini spacecraft took radar images that point recent to liquid flows on the surface of Titan.



The findings suggest the moon could contain active 'Cryovolcanoes', or icy volcanoes.

An artist¿s impression of Ganesa Macula, a mountain on Saturn's moon Titan believed to be an 'ice volcano'.

Titan (with Saturn in the background) as seen by the Cassini spacecraft. The moon may have active ice volcanoes

Rosaly Lopes, a Cassini radar team scientist, said: 'Cryovolcanoes are some of the most intriguing features in the solar system.

'To put them into perspective - if Mount Vesuvius had been a cryovolcano, its lava would have frozen the residents of Pompeii.'

Previous flybys and a probe sent to the surface in 2005 suggested ice volcanoes once existed on the moon.



But the latest data 'not only indicate that cryovolcanism has been going on on Titan in the recent geologic past, but might even be going on on Titan today,' Cassini scientist Jonathan Lunine from Arizona University said.

Titan is one of the few bodies in the solar system with a significant atmosphere.

Scientists believe methane gas breaks up in the atmosphere and forms clouds that rain methane. The source of the methane remains a mystery.

The location of the two regions that changed in brightness are labelled. Scientists say these areas could be home to ice volcanoes on Titan

Scientists favouring the volcanic theory say methane eruptions from Titan's interior could explain the moon's smoggy atmosphere.

Data from the spectrometer instrument on Cassini found bright spots on two regions on Titan. In one of the regions, scientists found evidence of ammonia frost that they interpreted as coming from the interior.

The results were presented at an American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco but not everyone is convinced by the evidence.

Planetary scientist Jeff Moore of NASA's Ames Research Center said the results were intriguing, but inconclusive.

'Something is going on. Exactly what it is isn't clear,' he said.

The Cassini spacecraft has been orbiting Saturn and studying its rings and moons since 2004.



Today NASA revealed the craft had also found evidence of a crust forming on Enceladus.



Enceladus is forming a crust through a process similar to that seen on Earth, NASA scientists say

The process, in which the surface splits and spreads apart is similar to that performed on the Earth, and increases the likelihood of a liquid-water sea beneath the surface.



Carolyn Porco, Cassini's imaging group team leader told the BBC: 'Bit by bit, we're accumulating evidence that there is liquid water on Enceladus'

New crusts on Enceladus are created by 'tiger stripes', cracks similar to those that split mid-ocean ridges on our own planet.

Dr Paul Helfenstein from Cornell University, who worked on the project said: On Enceladus what we see is a type of spreading but it is strongly asymmetric - it's like a conveyor belt.

'If it's true it's coming up from a convection well, it seems to be only pushing in one direction. It does happen on Earth, but only in very peculiar situations.'

