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Wales' top-earning locum doctor was paid £183,000 in 2015-16, according to new figures.

Aneurin Bevan University Health Board had the highest and second highest-paid locum - at £159,000, BBC Wales learned via a Freedom of Information request.

The total spend on non-permanent workers by the trusts and health boards that responded rose from £64m to £137m (a 113% increase) since 2013-14.

British Medical Association Cymru said better planning was "urgently needed".

Media playback is unsupported on your device Media caption Dr Philip White said the figures were not unexpected and the profession needed to tackle a shortage of doctors

NHS Wales Employers said there was "always a requirement" for locums agency staff to provide cover and flexibility in the health service.

The request for information asked all health boards to list their five highest-paid locums and their total spend on non-permanent doctors and agency workers in each of the last three years.

In 2015-16, Betsi Cadwaladr's highest paid locum received more than £137,000, Powys Teaching Health Board's received £116,000, while Velindre NHS Trust paid one locum £70,000 for the year.

Hywel Dda University Health Board refused to disclose how much its highest-earning locum received.

Image caption Table shows the increase in locum and agency spending by health boards in the last three years

Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Cwm Taf and Cardiff and the Vale said they did not hold the information.

The percentage of each health boards' labour spend that went on non-permanent staff last year ranged from 3.69% (Powys Teaching Health Board) to 6.31% (Betsi Cadwaladr).

BMA Cymru Wales Council chairman Dr Phil Banfield said while problems recruiting doctors contributed to the rise in locum spending, some of it stemmed from "bad workforce practices and poor planning".

"The attractiveness of a career as a locum could be seen as a response to the unattractiveness of a permanent position in the NHS currently, where doctors are dealing with excessive workloads and a lack of flexibility over their working patterns," he said.

Dr Banfield said Wales must not move away from using temporary staff to cover for staff illness and peaks in demand, to an "over-reliance on locums covering posts".

"We urgently need improved workforce planning by health boards to ensure that clinical care is not affected by doctor shortages that could be foreseen and therefore allowed for," he added.

BMA Cymru Wales GP chairwoman Dr Charlotte Jones said the figures showed practices were "struggling to find cover to plug the staffing gaps they face".

"Increasingly, GP practices are facing longer-term vacancies because of the recruitment problems gripping general practice," she added.

She said a recent BMA survey showed that 82.1% of GPs were worried about the sustainability of their surgeries.

"We want to work with the Welsh Government to begin addressing these issues so that patients have equitable access to high-quality services across Wales."

Analysis from BBC Wales health correspondent Owain Clarke

The spending on agency staff is a symptom of the problems the NHS is facing in hiring, training and retaining its workforce.

Only last week, the Royal College of Physicians warned of a "looming crisis" over recruitment and workload.

It also means financial pressures.

The Health Foundation think tank recently highlighted how this could also have a negative impact on the NHS in trying to keep its finances in order.

The Welsh Government has a campaign to make Wales an attractive place to live and work for both GPs and hospital staff.

Not solving the recruitment issue leaves health boards in a Catch 22 position.

If they restrict or control services on the grounds of cost they will be criticised by patients who value these services close to their homes.

But if they spend on locums to fill the gaps in rotas they will equally be criticised by those who might ask if it is public money being well spent.

But Richard Tompkins, director of NHS Wales Employers, said there is "always a requirement" for locums to work in the health service.

"They are used to cover longer-term gaps, when staff may be off for maternity leave or long-term sickness, or to make sure that we can maintain safe services when cover is needed at short notice.

"Maintaining the quality of patient care is our priority and agency and locum staff can provide an essential means of increasing staffing levels to help manage short-term peaks in demand."

Five top-paid locums in Wales 2015/16 £183,000 Aneurin Bevan Uni Health Board £159,000 Aneurin Bevan

£144,000 Aneurin Bevan

£137,000 Betsi Cadwaladr

£133,000 Aneurin Bevan Thinkstock

A spokesman for Aneurin Bevan University Health Board: "We have an active recruitment programme in place to fill vacancies in the health board.

"We also have a number of medical training initiative schemes with the Academy of Royal Medical Colleges, which are designed to allow a small number of doctors to enter the UK from overseas for a maximum of 24 months before they return to their home countries.

"The figures provided in response to the Freedom of Information request included doctors on fixed term contracts used to replace substantive posts, or to cover a pressing senior vacancy for periods of up to one year. As often as possible these individuals are actively recruited into permanent contracts.

"Wales-wide factors such as unfilled training posts in some specialties are currently resulting in an increased demand for short term ad hoc locum cover, which is action we need to take in order to continue providing safe services of the highest quality."

The Welsh Government said it recognised there were "real challenges" around the recruitment and retention of some medical staff, but this was not "unique to Wales".

A spokeswoman added: "We know the use of agency and locum staff has increased across Wales, however they continue to represent a small proportion of our frontline health staff."

The Welsh Government is investing more in the health service now than ever before - including an extra £300m, in 2016-17, with a further £265m of revenue funding planned for 2017-18, she added.

"We are working with the NHS to address the use and cost of using agency staff across NHS Wales and reduce overall demand for agency staff across all health boards and trusts," she said.