The committee has spent several years investigating Russian compliance with global antidoping rules after the earlier scandal, which stemmed from revelations of a state-sponsored doping program that was remarkable for its scale and sophistication. The committee concluded that Russia had deliberately manipulated a database of test results to conceal failed drug tests by Russian athletes, and that it had fabricated evidence in an attempt to shift blame for those changes to former Russian antidoping officials.

The proposed penalties would affect Russia most prominently at next summer’s Tokyo Olympics, but the consequences would go well beyond the Games. The recommendation calls for Russian athletes tainted by doping questions to be barred from all international competitions for four years by governing bodies that are signatories to the WADA code. That group includes FIFA, soccer’s governing body and the organizer of the World Cup, and organizations that oversee track and field, swimming, gymnastics, basketball and boxing.

Travis Tygart, the chief executive of the United States Antidoping Agency, praised the compliance committee for recognizing the “egregious conduct of Russia toward clean athletes.”

“Now,” he added, “let’s all hope the WADA executive committee uses the same resolve to ensure clean athletes are not again sold down the river and actually supports this unfortunate but necessary outcome.”

Still, the prospect of hundreds of Russian athletes participating in Tokyo — even if they have been cleared to compete — is likely to be criticized by other athletes and national antidoping agencies. Some of them remain angry over what they see as insufficient punishment for Russia’s running a huge doping program that called into question results at several Olympics and dozens of other competitions.

Case-by-case judgments on athletes would, however, conform with the views of the International Olympic Committee’s president, Thomas Bach, who opposes anything resembling a blanket ban.