The central Arctic Ocean has been covered in ice for eons, but under the influence of global warming, nearly half of it is now open water for part of the year. Commercial fishing has not yet begun there, but the urge to begin fishing is almost overwhelming.

The waters of the central Arctic, an area the size of the Mediterranean, hold the last untouched fishing stocks on this planet. At present, they also lie beyond the boundaries of settled international law — more than a million square miles outside the reach of the exclusive economic zones that protect the national waters of the five countries with coastlines on the Arctic: the United States, Russia, Canada, Denmark and Norway.

What ice once protected, it is now up to humans to protect. Beginning later this month, the ice nations will discuss an international accord that would impose a moratorium on commercial fishing until scientists have had a chance to study the fish populations and underwater environment. Eventually, these waters would be opened for carefully managed fishing. The immediate goal is to forestall the rapacious fishing fleets of Japan and China, for which the Arctic is an all too tempting target. Chinese trawlers already fish for krill in Antarctica, about 7,000 miles from China. The Arctic is 5,000 miles away.

In a curious way, the year-round Arctic ice, which has persisted for some 100,000 years, has made international agreements covering the use of these waters by Arctic nations unnecessary. If an Arctic fishing accord is reached — and we firmly believe that one is essential — it will be only the third such agreement; the first two regulated search-and-rescue operations and responses to oil spills as new drilling areas and shipping lanes opened up in coastal waters.