CAIRO — As Egyptian high school students take their final exams this month, the government is facing a wave of criticism and mockery after copies of at least two test papers — and their answers — were leaked on Facebook.

The leaks, which caused one of the tests to be canceled, have resulted in a barrage of criticism of the Education Ministry, and the police and military officers who guard the wax-sealed boxes that the exams are kept in before students take them.

The exams were leaked on a Facebook page by someone, or a group, called Chao Ming (the reason for the Chinese-sounding name is unclear). For the past four years, Chao Ming posted answers during testing, allowing cheating by students flouting a ban on cellphones. This year is believed to be the first time Chao Ming has posted copies of the exams and answers before testing takes place.

Chao Ming has spawned a host of imitators who use Facebook and other online platforms to help students cheat — and taunt the authorities. Some of the sites say they are acting to embarrass the Education Ministry and to change the educational system in Egypt.