Officials in Washington state are trying to prevent an airfield being used for controversial deportation flights – some of them instances of alleged human rights abuses – operated by private contractors hired by US immigration authorities.

As a new report revealed the extent of a semi-secret network of charters used by the US immigration and customs enforcement agency, commonly referred to as ICE, to deport people across the world, officials here became the first jurisdiction in the country to formally try and prevent their facility being utilised

Since 2010, King County International Airport, located south of Seattle and often referred to as Boeing Field, has been used to deport at least 34,000 migrants on a total of 450 flights, according to new research.

Those deportees were among the 1.7m people deported from 88 US cities during that period, and dropped off in 119 countries.

A number of the flights are said to have subjected those being deported to humiliating and abusive treatment. In one notorious case, more than 90 Somali men and women were allegedly handcuffed on a plane for almost 48 hours.

Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Show all 15 1 /15 Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK The ex-troopship 'Empire Windrush' arriving at Tilbury Docks from Jamaica, with 482 Jamaicans on board, emigrating to Britain. Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Jamaican immigrants being welcomed by RAF officials from the Colonial Office after the ex-troopship 'Empire Windrush' landed them at Tilbury. PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Alford Gardner who arrived in Britain in 1948 on the first Windrush ship to dock in Tilbury, Essex, speaking at his home in Leeds PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Alford Gardner in Leeds shortly after he arrived in Britain in 1948 on the first Windrush ship to dock in Tilbury, Essex PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Gardner was 22 years old when he boarded the ship in Kingston, Jamaica, with his brother Gladstone before they and hundreds of Caribbean migrants called on to rebuild post-war Britain disembarked the ship in Tilbury Docks PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Alford Gardner (right), during his RAF service in 1947 PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK The son of Ruth Williams, a Windrush-generation immigrant, wants to the leave the country after threats of deportation. According to his mother, Mr Haynes applied for British citizenship in 2016 but was rejected, despite Ms Williams having lived in the UK almost permanently since arriving from St Vincent and the Grenadines in 1959. Ruth Williams, 75, said she felt "betrayed" by Britain after the Home Office twice turned down applications for her 35-year-old son, Mozi Haynes, to remain in the country. Ms Williams is understood to have cancer and said she relies heavily on her son for support. PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK The British liner 'Empire Windrush' at port in 1954. Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Ruth Williams, 75, with her British passport. "I feel betrayed and a second class citizen in my own country," she said. "This makes me so sad and the Home Office must show some compassion. "I am unwell and almost 75, I live on my own and I need my son to stay here. I need my family around me and I can’t face being alone. He has applied to the Home Office and been refused twice." PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK From the top, hopeful Jamaican boxers Charles Smith, Ten Ansel, Essi Reid, John Hazel, Boy Solas and manager Mortimer Martin arrive at Tilbury on the Empire Windrush in the hope of finding work in Britain. Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Jamaicans reading a newspaper whilst on board the ex-troopship 'Empire Windrush' bound for Tilbury docks in Essex. Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK After half a century in Britain, Anthony Bryan decided it was time to go abroad. But the decision set off a nightmare that saw him lose his job, detained twice and almost deported to Jamaica. AFP/Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Jamaica-born Anthony Bryan poses outside his home in Edmonton, north London. Now 60 and a grandfather, Bryan thought the issue could be resolved swiftly, as he legally moved to Britain with his family as part of the Windrush generation of Caribbean migrants after World War II. In 1948, the ship Windrush brought the first group of migrants from the West Indies to help rebuild post-war Britain, and many others followed from around the Commonwealth. A 1971 law gave them indefinite leave to remain, but many never formalised their status, often because they were children who came over on their parents' passports and then never applied for their own. AFP/Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Three Jamaican immigrants (left to right) John Hazel, a 21-year-old boxer, Harold Wilmot, 32, and John Richards, a 22-year-old carpenter, arriving at Tilbury on board the ex-troopship 'Empire Windrush', smartly dressed in zoot suits and trilby hats. Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Newly arrived Jamaican immigrants on board the 'Empire Windrush' at Tilbury in 1948. Getty

After siting on the tarmac at an airport in Senegal, where some claimed they were assaulted and forced to urinate in their seats, they were returned to the US for logistical reasons.

This week, authorities in King County, which includes the cities of Seattle and Bellevue and which owns Boeing Field, signed an executive order designed to prevent their facility being used for deportations.

“We are a community that is open to all,” Rachel Smith, King County’s deputy executive, told The Independent. “We absolutely think that the community is behind us on this.”

Ms Smith said stopping the airfield from being used for such flights was not straightforward. When ownership of the federally-constructed facility was transferred to King County at the conclusion of World War II, one of the conditions was that the US government had the right to make use of it.

Ms Smith said US customs and border protection officials were not obliged to provide flight manifests to local officials. Indeed, she said King County only became aware the airfield was being used by ICE-contracted deportation flights eight months ago.

The order signed this week, seeks to end such flights by revising all new leases with so-called fixed base operators, companies that provide services such as the cleaning of toilets, operation of ramps and refuelling. New leases, she said, would not permit those operators to provide services to deportation flights.

Support free-thinking journalism and attend Independent events

The investigation into the deportation flights was carried out by researchers at the University of Washington’s centre for human rights, and first reported by the Seattle Times.

The report, Hidden in Plain Sight: ICE Air and the Machinery of Mass Deportation, details an extensive network of flights, often operating without the knowledge of those who live in the neighhourhoods.

“Deportation relies on a complex network of public and private institutions, but in most cases its final phase is carried out, at least in part, aboard a plane,” it says. “Over the past decade, the institutional infrastructure behind these flights has shifted from a government operation run by the US Marshals Service on government planes, to a sprawling, semi-secret network of flights on privately-owned aircraft chartered by ICE.”

One of the researchers, Phill Neff, said there were a number of reported instances of flights that had resulted in “truly horrendous abuse” of detainees. He added: “And these are just the cases we know about”.

Maru Mora Villalpando, a Seattle-based activist with the immigration rights group La Resistencia, said her team had been in touch with one of the men deported to Somalia in December 2017, and who had called them after the plane returned to Miami. Some the passengers filed a class action lawsuit, accusing ICE of “inhumane conditions and egregious abuse”.

“He said they had sat in the plane for hours. When some people asked why, they were punched,” she said. “He said it was like hell in the sky.”

The report said the two most frequently used private companies, were based in Florida and Arizona. Neither of those charter firms responded to enquiries on Thursday.

ICE failed to respond to specific questions about allegations of human rights abuses on flights it operated.

In a statement regarding the 2017 flight to Somalia, it said 61 of the 92 people on board were convicted criminals. It claimed those offences ranged from aggravated assault with a weapon, to rape.

“Detainees were fed at regular intervals to include the providing of extra snacks and drinks,” it said.