Primary texts

• Clement of Alexandria, Stromateis Books 1-3, trans. J. Ferguson (Washington DC: 1991).

• Irenaeus, Against Heresies: see extracts in R.M. Grant, Irenaeus of Lyons (London: 1997).

• Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho, trans. T.B. Falls (Washington DC: 2003).

Secondary literature

• M. Edwards, “Gnostics and Valentinians in the Church Fathers,” Journal of Theological Studies 40 (1989), 26-47.

• R.M. Grant, Gnosticism and Early Christianity (New York: 1966).

• R.M. Grant, Greek Apologists of the Second Century (Philadelphia: 1988).

• S.R.C. Lilla, Clement of Alexandria (Oxford: 1971).

• E. Osborne, Clement of Alexandria (Cambridge 2005).

• H.B. Timothy, The Early Christian Apologists and Greek Philosophy (Assen: 1973).