WEATHERFORD, Texas — Steve Lipsky, an entrepreneur and businessman, lives to the west of Fort Worth in a sprawling Mediterranean-style dream house. Since he found methane contaminating his water well, he has waged a legal battle against the gas company Range Resources. In 2009, Range drilled and fracked two gas wells approximately 2,000 feet from Lipsky’s home. Later that year, Lipsky says he started noticing that the water from his well was slimy and fizzy. The next year he began trucking in his family’s water for about $1,000 a month. The methane levels in his well have risen to concentrations nearly three times higher than what’s considered explosive, according to recent test Lipsky helped pay for. In December 2010, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued an emergency administrative order requiring Range to fix the situation. The next day, the Railroad Commission of Texas, a state agency that regulates the oil-and-gas industry, said it would hold a hearing on wells in the area. According to Ed Ireland, executive director of the Barnett Shale Energy Education Council, an industry group, gas companies in Texas are “very highly regulated.” But fracking opponents say the Railroad Commission acts as the industry’s handmaiden. Last month, Commission Chairman Barry Smitherman lost in the Republican primary for Texas attorney general; his campaign website says he “repeatedly stood up to President Barack Obama and his job-killing policies, suing Obama’s Environmental Protection Agency seven times.” In fiscal 2012, the Railroad Commission “performed more than 118,000 oil-and-natural-gas-facility inspections, identified about 55,000 violations … and assessed $1.9 million in penalties,” according to the Sunset Commission, a legislative commission that evaluates Texas state agencies. Its report says the Railroad Commission pursued more than 250 “formal enforcement actions,” suggesting that the average penalty per enforcement action was about $7,600, while most identified violation resulted in no fine.

In Lipsky’s case, the commission ruled in favor of Range. It determined, as a witness called by Range had argued, that the methane came not from the Barnett Shale, which Range had drilled, but the Strawn, a shallower rock formation that’s closer to Lipsky’s water supply. (Range did not respond to requests for comment.) Despite the Railroad Commission’s decision, Lipsky sued Range. The company then countersued for defamation. Range argued that a video Lipsky distributed, in which he appears to light his well water on fire, maligns the company’s reputation for environmental stewardship. In its complaint, Range says Lipsky closed a vent on the well so that gas would accumulate and he could ignite it. The company sees this as part of a bid by Lipsky to lower his property taxes. “Why would we do that?” says Lipsky. “Our taxes are still higher than our house is worth, because no one will purchase a house without potable water.”

Before all this started, I was a Republican who believed in the American dream. Steve Lipsky