For someone with such a focus on her sense of identity, it’s surprising how much Lana Del Rey’s sound has changed. Since she first emerged with her instant-classic 2011 single “Video Games,” Del Rey’s touched upon styles ranging from trip-hop, dirgey, obscured torch songs, and filmic balladry. She’s one of the only artists who could create a sonically cohesive album that features both Playboi Carti and Stevie Nicks; since “Video Games,” her music has become progressively more idiosyncratic and out-of-step with pop, making for a fascinating and unprecedented career trajectory.

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It’s hard to be a casual listener of Del Rey’s music, which rewards intensive listening and obsessive analysis. While her catalogue is potentially dense and prohibitively introspective, its hooks inevitably always reveal themselves, and her lyrics tell stories that only fully resonate over time. Those who criticised her writing in the early stages of her career didn’t anticipate how the characters and motifs in her work would unfurl into narratives about romance, capitalism, and America that continue to span across albums to this day. For those who haven’t paid close attention to Del Rey’s journey over the past decade, we’ve put together a guide to the evolution of her sound, from her early days as Lizzy Grant to this week’s Norman Fucking Rockwell.