A plan backed by Donald Trump to reopen the federal government while providing $5.7bn to build a wall on the southwest US border has failed in the Republican-controlled Senate, just a day before federal workers across the country are expected to miss their second pay cheque in a month as a result of the shutdown.

The vote was one of two that Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Minority Leader Chuck Schumer agreed to bring up for a vote on Thursday, both of which missed the 60-vote cloture mark necessary to proceed. The second, Democrat-supported bill would have reopened the government without border wall funding, but failed even though it received more "yay" votes than the president's proposal.

The agreement between Mr McConnell and Mr Schumer to bring the bills to a vote at all marks one of the first – if not the only – times that members from the two parties have agreed to much of anything when it comes to the shutdown since it began last month. As roughly 800,000 federal employees have been furloughed or forced to work without pay, politicans in Washington have largely made political gestures and stood on opposite sides of a growing divide over how to reopen the government.

Thirty-four days in, the failure in the Senate left no clear path forward for Washington to reopen the government, but it was reported that talks had already begun on a temporary, three-week deal to reopen the government. The White House indicated could only go forward if a sizeable downpayment on the border wall was included, and a CNN report suggested that the West Wing had already begun a draft letter to impose a state of emergency in the US so that the president could divert resources to build the border wall without congressional approval.

“One of the ideas suggested is they open, they pay some sort of pro-rated down payment on the wall which you need,” Mr Trump said, referencing a deal floated to open the government for three weeks alongside partial wall funding. Apparently alluding to the possible state of emergency, he said: "I have other alternatives if I have to ... we have to have a wall in this situation."

Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Show all 15 1 /15 Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Federal workers and contractors rally against the partial federal government shutdown Getty Images Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures The US Capitol on the first morning of a partial government shutdown in Washington EPA Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Federal workers and contractors rally against the partial federal government shutdown Getty Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures President Trump speaks with children who called the North American Aerospace Defense Command Santa tracker in the State Dining Room of the White House. He earlier in the day, tweeted that he was 'all alone in the White House' waiting for Democrats to make a deal on border security EPA Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Furloughed federal workers pick up free food at a pop-up store of Kraft Heinz Getty Images Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Hundreds of federal workers and contractors rally against the partial federal government shutdown Getty Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures A pedestrian walk past the U.S. Capitol ahead of a possible partial government shut down in Washington, U.S., December 20, 2018. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts JOSHUA ROBERTS Reuters Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures From left, House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, Sen. Dick Durbin and Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi walk to speak to reporters after meeting with President Donald Trump about border security in the Situation Room of the White House. Trump declared he could keep parts of the government shut down for "months or even years" as he and Democratic leaders failed in a second closed-door meeting to resolve his demand for billions of dollars for a border wall with Mexico Evan Vucci AP Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Federal workers and contractors rally against the partial federal government shutdown Getty Images Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures A sign alerts visitors to the closure of the National Archives on the fifth day of a partial government shutdown EPA Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Hundreds of federal workers and contractors rally against the partial federal government shutdown Getty Images Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Visitors read signs announcing the closure of the White House Visitor Center EPA Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures President Donald Trump speaks during a round-table discussion on border security and safe communities with State, local, and community leaders in the Cabinet Room of the White House Getty Images Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures A sign alerts visitors to the closure of the White House Visitor Center on the first day of a partial government shutdown EPA Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Furloughed federal workers show their IDs for entering a pop-up store of Kraft Heinz Getty Images

But, while both sides have largely issued mutually exclusive demands, senators on Thursday said that the vote showed they would eventually need to come together on a deal.

This would "teach us that the leaders are going to have to get together and figure out how to resolve this", said Republican Senator John Thune, the No 2 Senate GOP leader. "One way or another we've got to get out of this. This is no win for anybody."

Mr Trump has indicated that he is comfortable allowing the government shutdown to last a long time, having said that he would let it last months or even years if necessary during a White House meeting with Congressional leaders on 4 January.

On Wednesday, he reiterated his belief that the shutdown could extend a long time, even after he delivered his first prime time address to gin up support earlier this year, and another address to the nation offering temporary relief for so-called Dreamers in exchange for border funding this past weekend.

The government shutdown has even claimed the 2019 State of the Union as a casualty, with house speaker Nancy Pelosi telling the president on Wednesday that he would not be invited to deliver the yearly speech in the Capitol until after the government was reopened. Mr Trump, who had sent Ms Pelosi a defiant letter saying he would deliver the speech no matter what, responded by blaming her for the cancellation, but ultimately decided not to hold a separate event as he had contemplated.

"The State of the Union speech has been cancelled by house speaker Nancy Pelosi," Mr Trump said, describing the decision as a "great blotch" on the reputation of the United States.

Figuring the shutdown would continue for some time, he said: "I guess we're going for a while."

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As the political drama plays out in Washington, some 800,000 federal workers are grappling with the more immediate consequencesof the shutdown as they edge closer to missing a second paycheque in just a month's time. There are nine departments that have seen lapses in funding either starting on or following the 22 December deadline.

Included in the ranks of those furloughed are those in the Department of Homeland Security – some 240,000 workers from agencies including the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) workers, Border Patrol, and Coast Guard – as well as the Department of Justice (another 116,470 employees including prison workers and immigration lawyers) and others.

The situation for those workers is becoming increasingly dire, according to interviews with federal employees and union representatives impacted by the shutdown, and more and more workers are calling in sick, seemingly because they cannot afford the petrol to drive to work or ensure that their childcare bills are paid.

"You’re just going to have more people not being able to make it into work. That’s going to cause a downhill spiral with falloffs and people not coming to work," Justin Tarovisky, a Federal Prison Bureau worker in West Virginia, told The Independent. "When you work a job where you’re supposed to be there, it’s a max security penitentiary, you have to be able to staff it."

Mr Trump has signed a bill ensuring that federal workers would be given backpay once the government was reopened, and hundreds of banks or credit unions are offering low or no-interest loans for federal workers impacted by the shutdown. Even so, some workers have been forced to rely on food banks for supplies.

Commerce secretary Wilbur Ross, responding to reports of federal employees signing of for food bank assistance, said on Thursday that he did not understand why they would do so instead of applying for a loan.

Republican senator Lindsey Graham, soon after the Senate vote, said that he had been speaking with the president and that they had discussed a potential three-week stop-gap funding bill to reopen the government temporarily. Congressional leaders were reportedly starting to discuss that option on Thursday.