Full text of "Suldaan Nuur Axmed Amaan and the Somali Dervish Movement"

Suldaan Nuur Axmed Amaan asaasayaashii Daraawiishta 1838-1906. Kali waa iga salaan Halna wa iga sacab-qaad, Halna wa iga suaal . Hal wa i sacabqaad, , wa i Suldaanka amaanti , Siraadki Berberad , iyo wa haldhaa subax joga, baalashi kala sidoo wax la sisto la waa Halna wa iga salan. Geela, Seenyo iyo Laan Sangayaasha qararystay, Gabdhahaa suurta la moodo iyo seyaxaanu ku jifna. Sadadaada nabad ba leh. Greeting to sultan Nur in 1885 during a visit to the Habar Jeclo . I HERALDS ANNOUNCING SULTAN NUR's APPROACH. Finally one of the horses broke from the line and raced down the slope, raising a cloud of sand in its wake. Akeley wiped his knife and waited. The horse came to the edge of camp, and its rider spoke with one of the tent boys and then galloped the short distance over to where Elliot sat lifelessly under his tree. The messenger's horse was adorned with colorful knotted tassels dangling from its saddle and bridle, looking strangely festive in the barren landscape. Without dismounting, the messenger began to chant while the tent boy calmly translated for Elliot, before turning and galloping back to the top of the ridge. By this point Akeley and Dodson had come over to Elliot and as they did so, a cry went up-mot! And the riders on the hill suddenly started at once down towards their camp. Akeley looked at the oncoming cavalcade at the warriors bearing tow spears each over their heads, some with clubs and swords jouncing at their sides, and asked Elliot what the messenger had said.in a weak voice, Elliot said that the messenger had informed him that they were in the land of the Habr Yunis, who were ruled by sultan Nuir, and that this would be the sultan and the royal family coming to bid them welcome.The cavalry pulled up just short of Elliot's chair, sending up a plume of sand. In the center of this band of nomadic warriors was the sultan, a harrowed -looking man of at least sixty, very tall and spare, sitting erect in his saddle throne and holding a long spear in his fist. Akeley and Dodson stood stiffly behind Elliot. For what seemed a long while, no one made a motion to dismount, the riders looking over the men of science and the men of science looking over the king's menacing escort. Then the messenger started a new chant. Page94- 95 Akeley. Wuxu Cabdi Warsame (Gahayr) mar isagoo u gabyaya niman ay isku haysteen dagaanka Hargaysa 1947kii tuduc gabaygiisa ka mid ah ayuu ku guhaamayaa caaqil reer Axmed Ah oo la odhan jiray Guud-Cade oo ku gabayay inay Sacad Muuse , Arab u qayshanayaan dagaalkii Awal iyo Garxajis waxa ka mid ahaa tuducyada jawaabtii Gahayr: Caliyow dadkii kaa irdhow sidii Israaiile Qoladii Ilaahay nacay ee Adan laga doortay Iblays iyo Fircoonbaa qalbiga iinta ku lahaaye Ashahaadadiisii ninkaa iibsadaa tahaye Weysada argeeg iyo kufrigu weysu eekayne Irdhan kama danbayn reerihii ubux saarnaaye Waxad aragtay mooyee tolkaa kuuma uur-xomo'e Lagu eed sidii ina Carro iyo reer Axmed Amaane lagaa orod sidii baandadii aqalka gaabnayde Sida aarka sugumaa fadhiya aaminkaa dhimaye Abaalkii nin goba lagaa waa sida Ogaadeene Ina Carro waa wadaadkii Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan oo hooyadii la odhan jiray Carro Seed Magan, reer Axmed Amaana waa Sultaan Nur Axmed Amaan Diiriye Sugulle, wuxu Cabdi Gahayr leeyahay hadii si kale loo dhigo sidii loo eeday Daraawiishtii laguu eed ama lagaa irdhow, isagoo laba hogaamiye carrabaabey. Wixii ka danbeeyay Kacaankii Afweyne taariikhdii Daraawiishta waxa qandaraas lagu siiyay ninka Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise iyo ninka hag-hagada kacaankii ka daweeyay ee ku magac dheer Idaajaa , oo durbadiiba 1974kii la soo turunturooday wiilka Ismaaciil Mire 1885-1960 buug u malmaluuqay, Ismaaciil Mire 1898kii wikhtigii Daraawiishta la asaasayay wuxu ahaa wiil yar oo kuray ah haduu ugu bato wuxu ahaa 13 jir Daraawiish asaaskeedii iyo dagaaladii Ingiriiska lala galay ma soo gaadhin. Ayadoo taasi jirto ayaa hadana xaga danbe lagaga kabay Ismaacil Mire taariikhdii dagaalada Daraawiishta iyo Ingiriiska, isagoy kaalintiisu ahayd 191 1-191 3kii wixii ka danbeeyay. Waxa la yidhi bari ayaa loo soo gabyey Salaan Carrabey oo ninkii gabyey is qariyay oo gabaygii qiran waayay hasayeeshe lagu tuhmay inu gabayga lahaa Ismaaciil Mire se ka gabaday jawaabta, Salaan Carrabay ayaa ku jawaabay geeraar u ku durrayo d'da Ismaaciil u leeyahay waa ciyaal ee fulaygii Cali Dhuux baan rabay: Ismaaciil futo-sheeg iyo Ma facaysto Cabasoo Filkaygaanay ahaynoo Faaiidaan iiga kordhayn. Fulihii Cali Dhuux baan Fagaaraaha imanaynoo Hadba qoom fiqinaaya Hadii maanta shicibka Somali afti laga qaado nimanka ugu caansanaa Daraawiishta waa hubaal in Wadaadka ka sokow Ismaaciil Mire lagu xigsiinayo, taasina ma ahayn wax jiri jiray ee waa wax dawladii Kacaankii Afweyne abuurtay oo gacan-ku-rimis ah. Ninka Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise iyo Axmed Idaajaa ayaana arintan ka danbeeya 1970'skii , Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise oo beel ahaan ay isku hayb yihiin Ismaaciil Mire mar kaste qoraaladiisa waxa ku dheehan ujeedo beelaysan , waxad qoraaladiisa ku arkaysaa waxyaabu aan waxba ka jirin oo mala-awaal ah sida Kaptin Af-Carabi ( Captain Fredrick 1901) oo lagu dilay dagaalkii Fardhin 1901kii ayaa waxa dilay mid Dhulbahnate ah oo kurta ka goostay iyo wiilka Ismaaciil Mire ayaa Koofil dilay (koofil geelii Dhulbahnate dhicisitiisa 1913kii yuu ku dhintay) gacantanakajaray, waxyaabaahs oo dhan uu hebelo Dhulbahnate ah oo beeshiisa ah ugu wada abtiriyo sidii waxba kama jiraan oo si hawl yar baa loo beeneyn karaa oo dee waxa la wada hayaa qoraaladii arimahaas ku saabsanaa mid Gaal iyo mid Islaamba (gabayda). Waxa taas ka sii daran ninka Aw Jaamac sidu u dado xaqiiqooyinka qaar isagoo dhawraya sumcad u is leeyahay Dhulbahnate uga samee taariikhda Daraawiish, tusaale dagaalkaas Fardhin ciidanka Ingiriis u watay Af-Carabi badankiisaba waxay ahaayeen 300 oo Dhulbahnate ah (Somaliland by Angus Hamilton), oo ciidankaas Dhulbahnate waxay ku lamaanaayeen ciidankii Ingiiriska ay kala wateen , Dunn, Fredrickson iyo Beynon, ciidanka Daraawiishna goobtaas waxay u badnaayeen Majeerteen oo dagaanka Majeerteen ayuu dagaalkuu ka dhacay, laba arimood ayuu si toos ah u qariyay midna waabu ku daray, wuxu qariyay in ciidanka Ingiriis goobtaas u badnaa Dhulbahnate, ciidanka Daraawiishna ay goobtaas u badanaayeen Majeerteen , Daraawiishna ay goobtaas iyo kuwii ka horeeyay ba ay hogaankiisa lahaayeen Wadaadka , Suudi iyo Suldaan Nuur sidu Ingiriisku qoray. Hadaba inkastoon la ogayn ninkii xabada dishay Kaptin Af-Carabi lahaa , haseyeeshee maadaama ciidanku u badnaa Majeerteen hadii la malleynayo waxa suurtagal ah in xabadaas u lahaa nin Majeerteen ah , laakiin Dhulbahnatii ciidanka Ingiriiska ka mid ahaa una badnaa ayaa dilay waa been sal iyo raadtoona lahayn!, halka daliil u daba dhigay arintaas Aw Jaamac waxa weeye nin Dhulbahante ah oo la yidhaahdo Maxamed/Maxamud Xoosh(oo isagu noolaa ilaa 1970 oo ka mid ahaa nimankii dagaaladii Ingiriiska ku jirin) baa iigu dhaartay buu yidhi, laakiin dhaar iyo dhaar l'aanba kur la jaray meesha ma jirin ee Aw Jaamac baa la jeclaaday Dhulbahnataa wax la jaro iyo xoogaa buunbuunin ah. Soomaalidu badankood waxa ka dhaadhicsan taariikhdii waagii Kacaanka Afweyne u qoray Aw Jaamac sidu u dhigayna ay tahay weji Dhulbahnate ugu horaan ku xigeena weji Daaroodaysan si beesha loo wada qanciyo Daraawiishta na la Daaroodeeyo, waxad had iyo jeer ku arkaysaa Dhulbahnate aad u fara badan daraawiishta qiyaas hadaan ku sheego ugu badnaan ilaa 20 /30 (hada waan badiyay hadii si fiican loo tiriyo 20 kama badna) nin oo soo noqnoqnaya labatankaas hadii laga reebo qoyska lima Seed Magan wixii soo raacaa waa dhowr iyo toban nin oo ahayn wax wayn maxaa yeelay intaas iyo in ka badan ba waa laga tirin karaa qabaailka kale ee Daraawiishta galay sida Adan Madoobe iyo Gadhwayn, Ogaadeen (ka Ba-Geri , Ba-xawaadle iyo Makaahiil) ee Wadaadku ka dhashay Dhulbahantaa Aw Jaamac ayaaba kaga badan labadiisa buug, Gacan-ku-rimiska Aw Jaamac se wuxu beenowayaa marka la eego wakhtigay Dhulbahntahan u dabada ka wado Daraawiish ku jireen , waxan odhan karaa boqolkiiba 99% Dhulbahantaa u sheego Aw Jaamac gidigood waxay Daraawiish ku biireen 1905kii wixii ka danbeeyay markay dhamaadeen dagaaladii lala galay Ingiriiska (Sacmala/Afbakayle, Fardhidin , Ergo, Daraatoole/Beerdhiga-Gumburo iyo Jidbaale) wixii ka danbeeyay 1904 dagaal Ingiriis iyo Daraawiish dhex maray ma dhicin wixii Daraawiish la odhan jirayna waxay isu badaleen Budh-cad qabaailka Somali geela kala qaada (1905-1920) gabayana isu tiriyaan ilaa 1920gii dagaal danbe ma dhicin sanadkaasna waa sanad caan ah oo waa sanadkii Dayuuradaa. Dagaaladaas lagu soo af jaray heshiiskii Ilig ee 1905 waxa u dhaxeeyay "operations" yaryar oo ay ka mid ahaayeen dumistii qalcada Shimbiriis 191 lkii, dhicistii geelii Dhulbahnate ee Koofil lagu dilay isagoo wata 350 dhulbahnate raacdo ah 1913kii, iyo Daraawiish u hogaaminayay Cabdi Warsame (Cabdi Dheere oo u badnaa reerka Gadhweyn) qabsadayna dagaano Warsangali ilaa xeebta Laas-qori Ingiriiskuna bada ka duqeeyay laas-qori Daraawiishtii meesha qabsatayna laga saaray 1916kii. Intaas iyo boqolaal guluf oo qabaailada somali dhex maray iyo Daraawiish baa dhacayay 15kaas sanadood ee ay qolyaa Kacaanku Ismaaciil Mire soo galyaan taariikh ka horaysay 1905ki. Aw Jaamac Daraawiishtu ka sheekeeyo ee beeshiisa ah waa niman aan weligoodba Ingiriis is arag sababtuna wax weyn maaha oo dee dagaaladiiba wey dhamaadeen Daraawiishna waxay u guureen dhulka Majeerteen oo waxay dageen Ilig laga bilaabo 1905kii ilaa Xaaraamo Cune 191 lkii Daraawiish waxay daganaayeen dhulka Majeerteen. Ninka Ismaaciil Mire ee balaayada laga dhigo weligii dagaal Ingiriis lama galin wuxu caan ku noqday oo kaliya gabay u ka tiriyay geelii reerkiisa Dhulbahnate (Axmed Garaad) Daraawiiish ka qaadeen 1913kii gabay u geelaas ka tiriyay isagoo booliga hashii gabayaa ka damcasan laguna siiyay gabaygiisa Taleex ee u bixiyay Idaajaa, laakiin dadku badankii sidaas arimahan uma oga , Aw Jaamacna ujeedadiisu maaha inu sheego taariikh Daraawiisheed ee ujeedadiisu waxay weeye inu sheego mid Dhulbahnate. Si arimaa dadku u fahmaan , waa in loo kala qeybiyo taariikhda Daraawiishta laba qeybood: 1- 1899-1905 oo ahayd asaaskii iyo dagaalada kor ku xusan (Sacmala/Afbakayle, Firdhidin, Ergo,Daraatoole/Beerdhiga-Gumburo iyo Jidbaale oo ugu danbeeyay dhacayna 1904, ka dibna heshiis dhex maray Daraawiishta iyo Ingiriiska/Talyaaniga eel905kii . 2- Mudadii Budh-cadka 1905-1919 , waa intii shakhsiyaadku Aw Jaamac buunbuuniyo ku soo biireen Daraawiishta oo, sida Ismaaciil oo ku soo biiray Daraawiishta 191 Okii iyo ninku badanaa markhaati ka dhigto Aw Jaamac ee Maxamjuud Xoosh. Dhacdooyinkaas qabaailka somali iyo Daraawiish dhex maray mudadaas 14 sanadood wuxu Aw Jaamac ka dhigaa in Ingiriis lays hayay (haduu xaqiiqada sheego inaan Ingiriis lays hayn oo Somali lays hayay Dhulbahnatuu is leeyay taariikh u samee u surto gali mayso) , haduu dagaalada qabaailka iyo Daraawiish sheegana kuwa Dhulbahnate iyo Daraawiish kuma daro Dhulbahnate oo raacay Gaalo laakiin qabaailka kale siiba Isaaq hadii dagaal dhex maro ayaga iyo Daraawiish waa hubaal inu Aw Jaamac Ingiriis aan meeshaba joogin ku daro meesha tusaale: 3- Sanadkii Dayuuradaa 1920 iyo duulaankii Hagoogane 1921 iyo burburkii Daraawiishta iyo dhimashadii Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan Iimay. Sanadkii Xaaraama-Cune abaartii 1911-1913 Dhulbahnate iyo Daraawiish waa dagaalameen dhowr jeer Dhulbahnate na waatii geelooadii laga qaaday Koofilna ku dhintay hasayeeshee , cidii geela laga qaadaay, cidu Koofil watay intaasba wuu qariyay oo wuxu ka dhigay geelaas inu ahaa geel Isaaq raacdadii geela la socotay ee 350ka ahaana wuxu si dadban ku tilmaamay ciidan "Burca agteeda ka yimi oo geela daba socoday" taasi waa tii Dhulbahnate ee 1913kii. Isla sanadahaas Xaaraama Cune ayaa waxa dagaalamay oo Daraawiish ku duuleen jilibo H.J ah (reer Yoonis) ciidankaas Daraawiish waxa saaray ninkii la odhan jiray Abshir Dhoore oo geel doon ahaa, maantaas waa maalintii Kal-Xoor , ciidankii Daraawiish ee dhaca doonayayna waa la jabiyay ilaa 40 nina waa laga dilay, fardo caan ahaana waa la dhacsaday oo waxa la hadhay qoladii reer Yoonis , fardahaas waxa ka mid ahaa Weysaysane, Timoyare, Shalluu-Maray iyo fardo kale, wuxu ina Cabdulle Xasan dhacdadaas ka mariyay ilaa 3 gabay oo calaacal ah oo nimankii ku canaanayo dagaalka ku jabay, waxa dhacdadaas Goob-Joog u ahaa Xaaji Maxamud Daallin oo 3da gabay iyo dhacdada iyo fardii lagu helay sheegaya waana Kal-Xoor. Aw Jaamac dhacdadaas wuxu u tilmaamay sidtan " gabayadan wuxu Sayidku tiriyay mar col Ingiriis watay ka soo duuleey! iyo hadaladiisi caanka ahaa "gaalo iyo Cawaankood"..." Waxa caado ah marku qofku taariikh qorayo in laga bilaabo bilowga oo halkaas ka dib laga arooriyo ilaa gebagebada, odayga Aw Jaamac iyo Jaale Idaajaa iyo Kacaankii Afweyne ama aqoon daro haka ahaato ama is yeelyeel iyo kas se kaste ba ha ahaatee taariikhda Daraaiishta iyo asaaskeedii waxay ka bilaabi jireen ina Cabdulle Xasan oo intu Makka ka yimi Berbera qoonsaday maamulkeedii Ingiriiska , ayagoon wax daliil aha daba dhigin, waxa se taas burinaya ina Cabdulle Xasan marku Berbera ka soo dagay 1 894kii wax dhibaato ah isaga iyo Ingiriisku ma dhex marin, xataa marku ka hadaafay ee dhankaas Buhoodle u kacay Wadaadka iyo maamulka xeebtu heshiis bay ahaayeen oo wada shaqayn fiican baa ka dhaxaysay oo wixii danbi ka gala Berbera ee dhankaas dariiqada qoob-fardood u kaca waa la soo qaban jiray oo maamulkaa gacanta laga saari jiray. Daraawiishta asaaskeedii iyo bilowgeedii hal nin oo Dhulbahnate ah oo ku xusan kuma jiro diiwaanka taariikhda , had iyo jeerna Aw Jaamac arintaas wuu iska ilaaliyaa sheekadeeda oo wuxu ka bilaabaa Ina Cabdulle Xasan baa ka soo dagay Berbera ka dibna cashuur diiday iyo ciyaal Kiristan ah arkay iyo sheekooyin iska "ribo" ah oo sal iyo raad toona lahayn. Asaaska Daraawiishta wax hordhac u ahaa Daraawiishtii Sudaan ee Mahdi gu watay iyo Sanuusiyiintii Maqrib, siday maantaba Al-shabaabka Somali u dheegaan al- Alqaacida ilaa dharka Af-Ghanistan sidaas oo kale ayey Daraawiishtuna ka dheegteen arimo badan Mahdiyintii Sudan gaar ahaan ninka Xaaji Suudi oo Suudaan joogi jiray wakhtiyadaas dagaalada Mahdiyiinta dhaqanadooda ku soo biiriyay Daraawiishta sida Duubka,iyo hab labiska darajadaysan, dhar iyo magac iyo faslsafad ba, tusaale ina Cabdulle Xasan inankiis wuxu u bixyay Mahdi walaalkiina wuxu naanaystiisu ahayd Khaliifa oo ahaa naanaystii Cabdalle Maxamed oo dhaxlay Maxamed Al-Mahdi, dagaalkii ugu danbeeyay ee lagu jabiyay Mahdiyiinta Sudan wuxu dhacay 1899 oo dalka Somaliland markii la asaasayay Daraawiishta Somali arinta Sudan waxay ahayd wax dadka oo dhan u dhuun daloolaan si fiicna ula socodaan. 1901kii ayadoo Daraawiish 2 g'u jiray Ingiriisku wuxu hogaanka Daraawiisheed waraaq ka soo saaray u ku leeyey nimanka u sareeya xarakadaas hadii la qabto nina noloshiisa yaan la damiinan Suldaanka mooyaane oo isagu maamuus gaar ah beel u leh, wuxu Major Sadler u dhigay sidatan: In the unlikely event of the Mullah offering to surrender , in his case and that of the following: 1- Ahmed Warsame (known as Haji Sudi) 2- Deria Araale , Deria Gure Only anunconditional surrender should be accepted , no gurantee of any kind as to future treatment being given. 3- Sultan Nuur the late sultan of the Habar Yunis, may be guaraunteed his life" J. Hayes-Sadler, His Britannic Majesty's Consul-General, Somali Coast Protectorate. Aden April 30th, 1901 Shantaas nine ee kor ku xusan Ina Cabdulle Xasan ayuun baa ka ah Daarood, laakiin bilowgaas taariikhda Daraawiish ma xuso Aw Jaamac iyo xulafadiisu oo ujeedadoodu ju hagaagi mayso hadii siday tahay loo dhigo , Oo Isaaq ayaa asaaskeeda iyo hogaankeeda kaga badnaa Daarood wey niyad jabinaysaa jiilalalka Kacaanka oo la rabay in loo dhiso taariikh cusub. Shantaas nin labada Diiriye mooyaane sedxda kale taariikh nololoodkooda in yar oo teel teel ah ayaa laga helayaa buugaagta iyo qoraalada Isticmaarkii. Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan Nuur hogamiyaa Daraawiishta (Circa 1868-1921) Taariikhda ina Cabdulle Xasan ka sokow meeshu ku dhashay oo ah degaankan manta jiida Buhoodle hore waxba kama duwanayn jiilkii lodkisa ahaa , Wadaadku wuxu dhashay 1860"s badhtamaihiisii ama se dhamaadkiisii. Waxay isticmaarkii qoreen inu isagoo yar 1880'skii ilaa 1892gii dhowr jeer xaj tagay, ka dibna 1892gii Berbera soo dagay oo mudo ilaa 1 895kii reer Berbera ahaa oo halkaas wadaadada Qaadiriyada ah oo dagaanka u badnaa dhowr doodood dhex martay sida sheikh Madar. Jaale Aw Cumar Ciise khuraafaadkisa waxa ka mid ah Wadaadku marku Berbera yimi Cashuur inu bixiyo ayuu diiday , waase iska buunbuunin , waxa ka mid ah karaamadaa u Aw Jaamac ku someday Wadaadka inu magaca ka shaabho Nabi Maxamed , iyo karaamooyin kale. From time to time he corresponded with the Vice-Consul at Berbera about tribal matters, and occasionally he would send down as prisoners to the Vice-Consular Court Somalis who had been guilty of criminal offences in the interior. Thus, he acquired very considerable influence over the tribesmen by adjusting their grievances and ensuring that his decisions were put imto effect; for the Somalis were not slow to realise that his rough and ready justice was preferable to the long journey to Berbera and the prospect of the Government not being in a position to enforce Its decision in the interior, when given. Ina Cabdulle Xasan maamulkii Ingiriiska ee Berbera xidhiidh fiican baa ka dhaxeeyay oo dhanka arimaa reeraa waa kala shaqayn jiray ilaa marku Berbera ka guuray ee u dhex dagay reer abtiyaashi dagaanka Buhoodle, halkaas lafteeda nimanka doonan ee danbi lagu hayo Ina Cabdulle Xasan xeebta Berbera iyo maamulka Ingiriiska ayuu u soo gacan galin jiray. 1899kii markii H.J da (Maxamed Abokor) iyo Habar Yoonista Burco ku biireen Saalixiyada oo markaas gobolka Togdheer qabaailka Dagan ku biireen ayaa ayagoo tiro ilaa 5000 oo Ciidan ah Burco iskugu yimaadeen. The Mullah, paramount among the Dolbahanta, was making overtures with varying success to the Habr Toljaala and Habr Yunis tribes, with a view to extending his authority towards the central area of the Protectorate. In August, 1899, with a force of 5,000 men, of whom 1,500 were mounted and 200 armed with modern rifles, he arrived at Burao, a position of considerable strategical importance, commanding as it does the dry season water supply of the Habr Yunis, Habr Toljaala, and Dolbahanta. Shirweynii Burco oo ay iskugu yimaaden 3 qabiila ee hadaba daga dagaanka Togdheer waxay ku dhawaaqeen Jihaad lala galo gaalada. Waxay qolyaha Jaalee Daarood ka dhigaan arintan duulaan la qabsday Burco , ee wax dagaal ah kama dhicin Ina Cabdulle Xasan iyo wuxu watayba waxa Burco ku soo dhaweeyay Suldaan Nuur oo markaas fadhigiisu ahaa jiidaas. Dagaaladii ugu horeeyay waxa lagu qaaday Habar Yoonista Oodweyne oo ayagu Suldaan Nuur col ahaayeen kana raacay suldaan Madar Xirsi. Kii ku xigayna waxa lagu qaaday fadhiga Dariiqada Qaadirayada ku lahayd Magaalada Sheekh oo Axmediyadu kaba bilaabmatay se ay la col ahaayeen Qaadriyada. Qabaailkii ciidanka Daraawiishta ee markaas Burco isugu yimi waxay kala ahaayeen , Adan Madoobe, reer Yuusuf, Axmed Faarax, Muuse Ismaaciil, Cali Geri, Abraahim, Ba-Xawaadle , nimankii hogaanka Daraawiishta u sareeyay wakhtigaas intii magacyadoodu Ingiiriisku sheegay waa Madawaska , Xaaji Suudi iyo Suldaan Nuur: "In 1895 after which he retruned to his tariga , Kob Fardod, in the Dolbahanta. Here he gardully acquired influence by stopping inter-tribal warfare, and eventually started a religious movement in which the Rer Ibrahim (Mukabil Ogaden) Ba Hawadle (Miyirwalal Ogaden) and the Ali Gheri (Dolbahanta) were the first to join. His emissaries also soon succeeded in whining over the Aden Madoba, notable amongst whom was Haji Sudi, his trused lientenant, and Ahmed Farih and reer Yuusuf , all Habr Toljaala, and the Musa Ismail of the Eatsern Habr Yunis , Habr Gerhajis with Sultan Nur." Page 49 official History of the Operation Darwiish Xaaji Suudi abaandullii ciidamada Daraawiishta (circa 1856-1920). Waxa hubaal ah hadii canaasiirta Daaroodismku madax maray ka daayaan qabyaalada iyo cuqdada taariikhda xarakada Daraawiishta in ninka ugu magaca dheer taariikhda Daraawiishta noqonayo muran Taan Xaaji Suudi, 1850"s-1920 ka sokow bilowgii Darawiishta o u ku jiray waxa u dheer inu isago magaca , astaanka iyo nimaadkii Mahdiyinta isagu ku soo kordhiyay Daraawiishta Ingiiriskuna uga markhaati ahaa. "His purely political adherents were almost solely confined to a few degornmes and disgruntled Somalis residing in Aden, who cherished some personal grudge against the British Government. Typical of these was Haji Sudi, an ex-interpreter of the Royal Navy, who had been at Suakin and was conversant with Dervish customs, many of which he imported into Somaliland. For one and twenty years he was the Mullah's trusty lieutenant, and was killed in action near Tale on the 5th February, 1920, during the final expedition." page 49-50. Xaaji Suudi ka sokow astaanka iyo magaca daraawiishta uu kala yimi Sudaan wakhtigu joogay Suakin oo ahayd goobtii Mahadiyiintii ku jabeen , wuxu khibrad dheeraad ah u lahaa siyaasadaa aduunku halakay kala maryaan , Af-Carabi, Ingiriisi iyo Sawaaxilba wuu ku hadli jiray , qoriga darandooriga u dhaca ee somalidu u taqaan Gildhigaan wuxu ahaa ninka kaliya ee yaqaanay habka loo xidho qoriga. Xaaji Suudi dagaalkii ugu horeeyay ee Fardhidin ilaa dagaalkii ugu danbeeyay ee duqaynta qalcadaa Midhisho iyo Taleex iyo dhacdo kaste oo Daraawiishta taariikhdooda kaalin kaga jirtay sidii dagaalkii Daraawiishta hexode ka dilaacay Ilig ee lagu kala jabay (Canjeel Talo-Waa) markii reero Hartida ka mid ah la baxeen xoolii iyo saanadii Daraawiishta Xaaji Suudi ayaa 1908kii ka daba duulay oo saanadii iyo hubkii Daraawiishta ka soo celiyay. (Suudiyow sedkaa waa jannee samaca kalaamkayga , Sala- Alla la yiilyow adaan saajic ku ahaaye) Gabaygii Can-Jeel-Talo-Waa Geel-qaadkii geela Dhulbahnate lagu qaaday Koofilna lagu dilay 1913kii Xaaji Suudi wuxu ka mid ahaa maqadimiintii ayaantii Koofil ku dhintay aaga Caynaba. 1970-1990 ayay ku qaadatay dawladii Jaale Daarood inay Xaaji Suudi ku badasho wiil kuray ah oo meel iyo kaalin u kaga jiray Daraawiishta la aqoon wax aan ahayn 1 gabay oo geelii Koofil dhicanyay ahayn iyo ilaa 3 gabay oo waagii Daraawiishta ka danbeeyay u kaga calaacalayay makhaayad waab ah u ka furtay Buhoodle. Sanadkii dayruuadaa weerarkii ugu horeeyay ee qalcada Midhisho (waxa Midhsiho iyo Jidali keenay niman Muuse Ismaaciil ah u watay Darwiish Cabdi Dheere) Ina Cabdulle Xasan iyo juhalaadii la socoday dayaarada waxay u qaateen shinbir-malaaiigeed , ka dibna ina Cabdule Xasan wuu hoos cararay dayaaradii isagaa la sheekaysanaya oo le waa "awaliya Ilaahay ii soo diray" Xaaji Suudi oo goobta joogay ayaa markiiba yidhi waar waa dayaarad , se yaa u garan "dayaarad" markii dayaaradii soo rogaal celisay Ina Cabdule Xasana gaalkii waday ku beegay miinii ayuu ku sii daayay , nasiib waxba kuma noon dharkii ayuun baa ka gobtay , waxay se la he shay Caamir oo ku dhintay goobtaas, Caamir wuxu ka mid ahaa sedex nin oo Khsuusi ah oo Midhisho iyo Taleex ku dhintay. Xaaji Suudi waxa lagu dilay qalcada Taleex Februray 1920 isaga iyo Ibraahim Buqul siday soo wariyeen hogaamiyaashii ciidamada Ingiriiska D.C Of Zeila Henry Rayne. Ninka taariikhdiisu ilaa Mahdiyintii sudaan soo taxnayd ilaa 1920 Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise oo Daaroodismku ku fogaaday buugisii Kacaankii Maxamed Afweyne qandaraaska ku siiyay wax ka yar 2 sadar ayuu kaga soo daray dhimashdii Xaaji Suudi ee qalcada Taleex isagoo ka horaysiiyay amaantii faradii qolayaa Daarood ku baxsadeen sida faraskii Shaluu-Maray oo Abshir Dhoore oo Majeerteen ah ayaantaas ku baxsaday iyo baqashii Dhibic oo ina Cabdulle Xasan oo aad u naaxay ku baxsaday, sidaas kumu dayne wuxu weliba hadalka u dhigay sidatan" ayaantaas qalacada taleex waxa ku dhintay Xaaji Suudi rag u ku jiro iyo caruur iyo dumar fara badan" Nin ragi waa fahmayaa , doqona uma baahna ujeedada Aw Jaamac Hayaag. Waxa arintaas kaba daran wuxu buugiisa "Divine Madness" 1993, Jaalle Abdi Sheekh Abdi , dagaalkii Taleex marku ka waayay wax Daarood ah oo ku dhintay ayuu doodii wuxu Jaale Daaroodkaasi u dhigay sidatan " Isaaq umay naxariisan Xaaji Suudi oo d"a ah ee waxay ku dileen irada qalcada Taleex horteeda" Tollow siduu ku ogaaday inu nin Isaaqi xabadaas lahaa ?? Mida kale haduuba sidaas u naxariis badanyay muxu isu weydiin waayay kan u caabudayo ee ina Cabdulle Xasan wuxu Daaroodkiisa sidaa ugu galayay 20 sanadood? Taariikhdii Suldan Nur Axmed Amaan (circa 1838-1905) Suldaan Nuur sawiradan markii laga qaaday 1896kii Elliot iyo Akeley waxay d'adiisa ku qiyaaseen inu lixdankii kor u dhaafay taas oo dhalashadiisa lagu qiyaasi karo inu dhashay ugu yaraan 1830- 1836 intii u dhaxasay. Waxa kaluu qoray Drake Brockmen isagoo ka hadlaya taariikhda salaadiinta Habar Yoonis inu suldaan beesha oo dhan caleemo saartay u ugu horeeyay Diiriye Sugulle , inasktuu aabihii Sugulle suldaan sheegan jiray se ay beeshu caleemo saarin. Waxa kale uu raaciyay inu Suldaan Diiriye Sugulle u dhalay 18 wiil dhashiisana ugu weynaa Amaan Diiriye, Amaana u dhalay 10 will u ugu weynaa Axmed oo ahaa suldaan Nuur aabihii, Axmed wuxu dhintay ka hor aabihii Amaan, labdooduna way ka hor dhinteen Suldaan Diiriye Sugulle oo d'a aad iyo aad u weyn ku dhintay. Wuxu se Drake Brockmen qalday halkii khilaafka saldanadu ka bilaabmay isagoo sheegay inay ahayd dhimashadii suldaan Diiriye markay Bah-Diiriye/Baha-sugulle iyo Ba-Makaahiil isku qabanayaan saldanada oo u meeshaba ka saaray inu suldaan Xirsi Amaan Diiriye suldaan noqday.Waxa se saxsan in khilaafku bilaabmay ka dib dilkii Suldaan Xirsi Amaan, ninka Jarmalka ah Gustav Adolf oo mudo 40 cisho ah booqday dagaanku ku noolaa suldaan Xirsi Amaan wuxu sheegay inu wakhtigaas 1873 inu Xirsi ahaa suldaan ( G. A. Haggenmacher's reise im Somali-lande, 1874) Segulleh, therefore, was the ancestor of the Rer Segulleh section of the Habr Yunis, and he had several wives who presented him with eight sons ; and of these the two eldest, Deriyeh and Robleh, had a Habr Awal woman as mother, and they separated from their stepbrothers and called themselves the " Ba Awal" ; while all the remaining six joined forces and called themselves the " Baha Segulleh," as two of them were the sons by one wife and four by another.From the above it will be seen that the term " Ba " signifies all the sons by one wife, and invariably pre-cedes the Deriyeh, the head of the Rer Segulleh, was univer- sally proclaimed Sultan by the rest of the Habr Yunis tribe, and was really the first of the Habr Yunis Sul- tans, although his father, Segulleh, had tried to pose as such. Sultan Deriyeh lived to a great age, and had no less than eighteen sons, of whom the first two were borne to him by a woman of the Makahil section of the Habr Awal tribe, and the elder of these, Aman by name, joining with his brother, formed the Ba Maka-hil, while his remaining sixteen stepbrothers formed the Baha Deriyeh. Aman had ten sons, the eldest of whom was Ahmed, who died before his father, who himself died before his old father, the aged Sultan Deriyeh. Now, as soon as Sultan Deriyeh died there was trouble as to his successor. The Ba Makahil claimed that Ismail and Hirsi, of their section, were entitled to the honour ; but the Rer Segulleh and some of the Baha Deriyeh, said, " No, as several of the late Sul- tan's sons are still living, one of them should be their Sultan before any of the grandsons " ; so they invited Awid Deriyeh to be their representative. In the meantime, Ismail was killed fighting with the Ogaden and Hirsi by the Baha Segulleh. The Ba Makahil now had to look for another successor, so they sent for Nur, the son of Ahmed Aman, and nephew to Ismail and Hirsi, who was living the life of a Mullah at Hahi, near Odweina. Nur, much against his will, consented to be their Sultan, although he preferred the life he was leading as a Mullah. For some years now there were two Sultans of the Habr Tunis, namely, Sultan Nur of the Habr Yunis, Ba Makahil, and Sultan Awid Deriyeh of the Baha Segulleh ; so it will be seen the powerful section of the Baha Segulleh had gone to the Baha Deriyeh for their representative. British Somaliland by Drake Borckmen page 79-82 1912. Sida la hubo ilaa 1874 suldaan Xirsi Amaan waa noolaa, 1874-1880 mudo u dhaxaysa aya waxa dagaal lagu dilay suldaan Xirsi Amaan, waxanu is maandhaafkaas Suldaan Xirsi iyo Xaaji Guuleed Axmed ka kacay dakhar wiil u dhalay Xirsi iyo dhimasho wiil u dhalay Guuleed Xaaji, waatu salaan Carraby lahaa: Reer Sugulle dakhar wiilyar baw sidey daliishiiye Waatii degmada laysu furay dabadi Looyaade Denbi hadduu kasbaday Eebbeheen daayinaa jirae Dullaamkii Qabriga hawga tudho dabaqi naareede Dummaddii Xirsuu saaran yahay Dubur raggii yiile Dawlaabadii boqor hadduu damacsanaa waaye Dabar qaaday reer Diiriyii damaca waallaaye Duudsuu ku dhacay ina Ammaan dib u heshiintiiye Nimanyohow tolnimo waa dugsiye dunida jeedaasha (Salaan Carrabay 1911) Suldaan Xirsi waxa lagu dilay dagaaladaas , dagaalkiina xoogaa mudo ah buu socoday waxaana lagu soo af jaray magtii geelii la magac baxay Haad-Qadiye, nin la odhan jiray Warsame Cabacabaale oo jeeska Xirsi Amaan ahaa ayaa u gacan galay Guuleed Xaaji Axmed markaasuu Guuleed yidhi "waar Warsamow ka waran hadaan ku sii daayo Gunnimo da qaadanaysaa " Warsame ayaa isagoon dhinacaba eegin yidhi "haaye i sii daa" , marku reerkiisii ku laabtay ayuu colkii yidhi "waar ninka Guuleed Xaaji geeri-ka-dhawara guunimiana la raadiya", hadalkii inu ka dibaaqo waa u suurtoobi weyday , waagii magta la kala qaatay ayuu Warsame Cabcabaale yidhi geelan wax aan ahayn "Haad-Qadiye" yaan loogu yeedhin isagoo daba jooga hadalkii Guuleed Xaaji. Markii Xirsi la dilay ayaa saldanada waxa isku qabsaday Cawd iyo Nuur , niman baa yidhi intay noolyiin niman u suldaan Diiriye dhalay yaan la caleemo saarin ragu awowga u yahay sida Ismaaciil Amaan oo Ba-Makaahiil wateen, halkay Baha Diiriye la safteen Cawd oo ahaa ina Diiriye Sugulle. Ilaa mudo 13 sanadood ah Nuur iyo Cawd Diiriye midba suldaan ayuu dhinaciisa ka sheegan jiray midba isagoo qollo gaar ah wata , Nuur oo Daroor iyo Banka Tuuyo reeraa daga boqreen iyo Cawd oo H.Y Burco dhankooda boqreen. Isticmaarka Ingriisku markii 1884 u dalka yimi qabaailkana la saxeexday heshiiska muxamiyadeed labada suldaan ba wey jireen. F.L.James wuxu buugiisa ku sheegay in dagaalo b'ani dhex mareen labada suldaan oo marba qolo lagu duuli jiray , Labada suldaan se waxay ku kala duwanaayiin arima saldanada ka sokow xidhiidhkay la lahaayeen Ingiiriiska xeebaa soo dagay, Suldaan Cawd wax mucaaridnimo ah ma dhex marin isaga iyo maamulka xeebta ee Ingiriis oo si toos ah ayuu Berbera marku doono u tagi jiray , halka suldaan Nuur Ingiiriska markiiba fooda is dareen, marka dhinac loo eego Suldaan Nuur wuxu la col ahaa cid kaste , Ingiriis oo dhanka xeebta ka xiga, Suldaan Cawd oo bari ka xigaa iyo Suldaan Diiriye Suldaan Xasan (Ciidagale) oo Galbeed ka xiga, 3daasna dhexda ayuu ugu jiray dagaan ahaan. Xurgufkii ugu horaysay wuxu dhacday 1886kii mar ciidan Berbera weeraray lagu eedeeyay Inu suldaan Nuur ciidankaas watay geelaa 15000ka halaad ahna isaga iyo reerkiisu qaadeen, Ltd Walash oo ahaa maamulaa Berbera ee Ingiriiska ayaa waraaq kaga codasaday suldaan Nuur inu xoolli la dhacay soo celiyo suldaan Nuur kama soo jawaabin fariintii laakiin Ltd Walsh wuxu yidhi waxa "karaal kiisa" waa dagaankiisa lagu soo arkay wadaado Sinuusiyiin ah: "Ten days elapsed, but no reply to my letter came from Sultan Nur. I heard, however, that two Senousi Akwan were guests in his kraal ; and this was a very significant fact, since it showed that these guests, members of a very influential community, were hatching a scheme to retaliate on and injure the Administration. "1 Ingiriiska , dagaalkii ugu danbeeyay ee lagu jabiyay Mahdiyiintii ka dib , aduunyada Islaamka Makka ilaa dhulka Somaliyeed waxa yimi wadaado Mahdiyiin iyo Sanuusiyiin ah oo Muslimiinta Gaalada ku Kakinada Ltd Langton Walsh waraaq u dira The Senousi sent emissaries to Berbera, and we afterwards ascertained from documentary evidence found on the body of a dead Mugrubi (a Western Arab) that a number of these rascals had been specially sent to create riots and disorder at Berbera. Their object was to promulgate hatred against all Christians , to preach the doctrine of "Africa for the Africans" and the total exclusion of the white man. Now the Somali is at heart a trader yet many of them, in order to show sympathy with the Mahdi and his cause, agreed not to supply camels or sheep, or to allow the recruitment of drivers and coolies for the British Army then fighting Osman Digna and the Dervishes at Suakin. Owing, however, to their deep rooted commercial instincts, they were unable to bring themselves in practice to cut off trade relations with us, or to exclude the British from Somaliland. These views and actions brought about many serious fights in Berbera and inland between the Senousi and the Mahdists, at which I greatly rejoiced, since these differences of opinion and policy rendered my position very much easier. Page 212 Under The Flag: Somali coastal Stories 1887. Ducaale Idiriis 1874 Danjirii Ingiriiska ee Mercer Hunter ee heshiis qabaailka magaciisuna ka wada muuqdo iyo Walsh oo ahaa sarkaalkii ugu horeeyay 1884 ee maamulka muxmiyada inu dhiso u xilqaamay waxay dhacdadaas ku eedeeyeen Ducaale Idriis, Ducaale Idiriis wuxu ka mid ahaa nimanka fara ku tiriska ah ee waagaas ilaa Congo-Zair safarada Europeanka hogaamin jiray markii Africa European ku ka raadinayeen halka webiga Nile ku bilaabmo, wuxu safar Congo ah u raacay Henrey Stanely oo baadi doonayay Livingstone, ganacsi fara badana wuxu ku lahaa Berbera oo nimanka reer Axmed dhowr jeer khilaaf dhex maray .Maxamed Sharmaarke Saalax oo 1880gii ka hor intaanu Walsh iyo Ingiriisku iman Magaalada Berbera ka ahaa „ xaakinka Turkishka oo xidhiidhkii aabihii Sharmaarke Cali Saalax la yeeshay Turkishka 1827-1861 aad uga faaiiday mudo lagu qiyaaso 1862gii Maxamed sharmaarke wuxu xukumayay Berbera. I was myself Administrator in sole charge of Berbera in 1884, thirty years after Burton's visit there, and I was particularly struck by his word-picture of Akil Mahomed Shermarki, who was the Governor of Berbera in 1854, and in 1884 was the senior Stipendiary Akil in the pay of the British.When El Haj Shermarki was ousted from the Governorship of Zeila, his son Mahomed was compelled to abandon his control over Berbera. And he never regained it,although always a man of importance and great influencein Berbera. Maxamed Sharmark iyo Suldaan Nuur xidhiidh fiicani kama dhaxayn, laakiin qoraalada yar ee Ingiriisku wax ku iftiimiyeen waxay cadaynaysaa uun in arimo ganacsi iyo talada beesha H.Y uun ay arintu ku saabsanayd , una badnayd arin Ducaale Idriis (Sacad Yoonis) iyo Maxamed u badan. Maxamed Sharmaarke oo Nuux Ismaaciilka la col ahaa hadana dacwada reer Axmed waa gaadhsiiyay Ingiriiska Maxamed ooy xidid ahaayeen, wuxu Maxamed Sharmaarke, Ducaale Idriis ku eedeeyay inu Ducaale suldaan Nuur iyo colkiisa xidhiidh hoosaad la leeyay. Arintaasi waxay sababtay in maamulka Ingiriiska ee Berbera xaaskii suldaan Nuur oo ka soo jeeday beesha Dhulbahnate ( Ingiriisku ula baxeen al-Garaada) ay ka afduubeen doon ayadoo xeebta Karin ku sugan. Ka dib suldaan Nuur ku qasbeen inu xoolii la dhacay soo celiyo . Wax heshiis ah se ma dhex marin suldaan Nuur iyo maamulka Berbera oo ilaa markii Daraawiishta la sameyay safarada Ingiriiska way ka wareegi jireen dhulka hoos yimaada maamulka saldanada Nuur oo dhanka suldaan Cawd iyo Burco ayay mari jireen sidu sheegay L.F James oo webi shabeele dhankaas u maray 1886kii. Suldaan Nuur 1884kii ilaa 1906kii marku dhintay maamulka xeebta ee Ingiriiska col bay ahaayeen , dhulku ka talinaya safarada Ingiriisku ma mari jirin sida dhowr buug oo Ingiiriisiya ku xusan. 1890gii ayaa waxa dagaal Ogaadeen iyo H.Y dhex maray ku dhintay suldaan Cawd Diiriye , isla sanadkaas Suldaan Cawd Ogaadeenku dilay ayaa col Faarax Nuur watay iyo Ogaadeen geel isku qabteen oo ku dagaalameen geeliina Arab la hadhay , markaas Faarax Nuur oo arintii Suldaanka malaa daba joogaa ku gabayay: Sergedaa haddii lagala dhaco, sararta guudkeeda, Suubeey raggii maali jiray, soo sawaxan-yeedhye, Sibraheeda waa oolli jiray, soobir qaawaniye, Sinji iyo ab baanu u lahayn, sabada meyd yaalle, Waa kii waraabihi sorgogay, saabka buuxsadaye, Sooryaynay haadkii Suddee, soommanaan jiraye, Annaga soortu nama kaafidiyo, subagga Dhiin-waale, Wax kaloo sifeeyaa ma jiro, sadarka feedhaha e', Bagaa lagu sardamay qaalmahaa, noo sonkor ahaaye, Sar-hayaaba kugu duudsamiyo, Sayidkii dheeraaye, Goortaa Suldaankii disheen, Sugulle caynaanshe, Ayaa sun iyo waabeeyadii, sare u laacdeene, Saddexleyda nimankii ku baray, sebenka jiilaalka, Reer Samatar baa Seyla iyo, surinka kuu yaalle, Saaciisu nimuu buuxsamoo, sahayda loo qaaday, Inuu socodka hore doonayaa, waa si' la huaabye." (Faarax Nuur 1890) PREPARAT MAKING FOR SULTAN S SIESTA. Awid Deriyeh was killed in a fight with the Ogaden Rer AM, so the Baha Segulleh had to find another Sultan. Accordingly they chose his brother Hirsi's son, Mattar ; but this choice the Baha Deriyeh were not at all pleased with, so all the Habr Yunis tribe decided to meet and discuss the matter out and decide on one Sultan. After a great deal of discussion the two clans, Ba Makahil and Baha Deriyeh, who had claimants for the sultanate, decided to let them toss for it, the winner to be proclaimed Sultan, while the loser got one hundred camels as compensation from the winner. Sultan Nur won, and was proclaimed Sultan of the Habr Yunis tribe. British Somaliland by Drake Brockmen 1912 1 890gii dhimashadii suldaan Cawd ka dib ayay Baha-Sugulle soo sharaxeen Madar Xirsi suldaan Diiriye, hasayeeshe Baha-Diiriye ayaa arintaas diiday , shirara badan ka dib waxa lagu heshiiyay in beesha labada ninba la hor geeyo oo kii guulaysta mooyaane ninka kale 100 halaad ku samro. Waxa taladaas ku guulaystay Suldaan Nuur sidaasana suldaan Nuur habar yoonis ku caleemo saartay 1890gii. Dilkii Cawd ka dib Suldaan Nuur wuxu noqday suldaanka guud ee beesha H.Y mudo ilaa 6 sanadood ah kaligii suldaan ahaa 1 898-1 899kii ayaa Suldaan Madar Xirsi suldaan Diiriye hadana suldaan isu caleemo saartay isagoo wata ina Cabdulle Xasan oo markaas mudo ku beegan 1 896kii ka soo guuray Berbera oo yimi bari, Suldaan Madar sidu sheegay Hays Sadler Wadaadka waa xooleeyay , wadaadkuna ilaa 1899kii wax dhibaato ah ama mucaaridnimo ah oo ku lid Ingiriis ma galin aan ahayn taageerida cuius ee u la daba istaagay Suldaanka Madar. I was glad, on this march, to renew my acquaintance with Burao (the point from which, in 1884, with the late F. L. James's expedition, we commenced a march to the Webbi by fourteen days over almost entirely waterless desert, across the Haud to Gerloguby, during which TWO RECENT JOURNEYS IN NORTHERN SOMALILAND. our camels never drank), and with one Mattar, then a boy, now sultan of this district, and the second in descent from that Awad who then held the reins. Awad was slain in one of their constant raids, and Mattar exhibited with much pride a sword we had presented to his ancestors, 39-40 1898. In Major Hunter's personal opinion the attack on the Berbera live stock by Sultan Nur was instigated by Duali Idris. Duali Idris had relations with Sultan Nur (the most powerful of all the Gerhajis chiefs) which did not tend to our own advantage. Moreover, since Duali Idris had failed to induce me to give Sultan Nur certain exclusive privileges and favourable terms with respect to his own raiding caravans, and others visiting Berbera under his auspices, Sultan Nur was led to believe that the British at Berbera were hostile to him and to his rights and interests. Both Major Hunter and I did all in our power to establish cordial relations with Sultan Nur, but he never became friendly, and always regarded us with suspicion and distrust. Under The Flag and Somali Coast stories 1887. Asaaskii Daraawiishta iyo dagaaladii bilowga ahaa 1899-1905 Sidu maamulka Ingiirisku qoray (J.Hays.Sadler ) 5ta nin ee hogaanka Daraawiishta u sareeyay bilowgii Diiriye Caraale, Diiriye Guure, mooyaane 3dex kale ee Wadaadka , Haaji Sudi iyo Sultaan Nuur ba midba taariikhdu ku biiray Daraawiishta iyo asaaskeediiba way ku sheegeen inay ka mid ahaayeen qoraaladooda, buugaagta Baarlamaanka Ingiriiska iyo Fariimihii maamulka Ingiriiska u diray Baarlamaanka iyo Guriga-Odayaasha (House Of Lords) J.Hays.Sadler oo ahaa masuulkii Somaliland Protectrate u sareeyay waraaqu ka qoray asaasskii Daraawiishta wakhtiyadii isagu goob joog ka ahaa Muxmaiyada 1898-1899 wuxu yidhi isagoo uga waramaya House Of Lords iyo Boqortooyada xaalka reerka H.Yoonis iyo Suldaan Nur iyo dhaqdhaqaaqii markii danbe loo bixin doona Daraawiishta: Haltung des Sultans Nur. Hargaisa, July 16, 1899. (July 31.) My Lord, In my dispatch of the 16th, I informed your Lordship of the state of affairs amongst the Habr Yunis tribe, and noted that I was awaiting an opportunity of ascertaining the attitude that would be assumed by Sultan Nur. This, I regret to say, is one of declared hostility. I waited for some time after he had returned to his country, and then sent him a civil letter, pointing out that be had not as yet come to visit me, as is usual when my camp is in his limits, and desiring him to come in, as there were several matters I wished to discuss with him. This was on the 27tt ultimo, and my camp was then at Bagan, in Habr Yunis territory. | | No reply was sent to this letter; but on the instant the camel sowar who had conveyed it to Sultan Nur returned to my camp near Hargaisa without his camel, arms, and uniform, of which he reported he badly stripped by order of Sultan Nur I have already informed your Lordship that the Habr Yunis are divided, and that this time last month only the eastern sections of the tribe had so far tribes affected by the Mullah's movement, the western section awaiting the return of Sultan Nur. Nur had called a large meetings of the tribe for the 22 nd instant at Odweina, and I had arranged to have a man present to report what takes place. Yesterday I received letters from Haji Musa, the Head of the Mullah Community of Hahiya, informing me that the westerly sections of the Halgr Yunis, including the principal portion ol Sultan Nur's own tribe, the Rer Segullah, together with the Ishak sections, bordering on the Golis, amongst whom I passed, and whose elders I interviewed on my way here had bound themselves together to keep clear of all disturbance. They are said to have told Sultan Nur that they are dependent on Berbera for their supplies, and that they do not intend to get into difficulties with us on his account, and to have told him pointedly that if he does not eease from making strife in the country, and oppressing people by his exactions, he had better clear o£F, as they would oppose him. If he remained quiet, and did not oppose the Government, they would accept him as Sultan, otherwise they would have nothing to do either with him or with Madliar Hirsi . As regards the Mullah, they are said to have declared that they belong to the Kadiriyah sect, that of Haji Musa, of Hahiya, and Sheik Mattar, of Hargaisa, as opposed to the Salihiya. THE SULTAN" AT HIS EASE IN CAMP. When the reception came to an end , the sultan regaled Elliot with tales of the ongoing battle in which he was engaged with his rival clan of the Mijjertein . Evidently , they had been at war forever, and his men had the scars to prove it. The sultan himself was not proud to show his own scars to Elliot, the nasteist of which was on his right leg, above the ankle, where it appeared to Elliot the injury itself had been made more grisly by its cure , a horrible distortion of skin where a red-hot iron or, more likley, a spear held to the coals had cauterized the wound. Elliot leaned over the sultan's leg, peering at the scar, and declared it a vertiable "doosey". he told his new freind that he must be sure to take better care of himself, saying how, after all, like Elliot himself, he was no longer a young man, and at this the sultan laughed, the steam from his coffee tickling up over his ancient Hamtic features. Page 96 Akeley. Bishii July 22keedii sanadkii 1899 ayaa Sadler waraaq fariin ah askari ilaalo ah ugu dhiibay Suldaan Nuur , Suldaan Nuur waraaqdii kama soo jawaabin ismana soo xaadirin shirkii u la damacsanaa Hayse Sadler, ninkii ilaalada ahaa wuxu sitayba intu ka qaaday ayuu Suldaanku xidhay. Wuxu Suldaan Nuur Habar Yoonis ugu yeedhay shir 22kii bishaas ka dhacay oodweyne isagoo ku gubaabinaya inay dhaqdhaqaaqa lagaga soo hor jeedo Ingiriiska beeshu ku biirto, reerihii shirkaas ka mid ahaa u sheegay Sadler waxa ka mid ahaa Isxaaq iyo reer Sugulle oo labadooduba arintaas ku gacan saydhay, Xaaji Muuse Xaaxi oo u sareeyay dariiqada Oodweyne iyo beeshuba waxay u digeen Suldaan Nuur iyo Madarba hadaanay joojin arimahay wadaan in saldanayday labadudu isku hayaan laga xayuubin doona suldaan cusubna beeshu caleemo saari doonto, waxay beeshu sabab arimahas uga dhigtay xeebta Berbera oo marna safaradeeda beeshu ka maarmi karin hadii laga xidho oo maamulka Ingiriiska dagaal ku qaadaan . Mida kale oo ay ku dareena waxa weeye in beeshu tahay Qaadiriya oonay shaqo ku lahayn Axmediyada (Saalxiyada) ooy dariiqadoodu tahay dariiqada sheikh Muuse Xaaxi iyo Sheekh Madarka Hargaysa. Sultan Nur hastily left eastwards, and is supposed to have repaired to Burao, whence he will probably rejoin the Mullah, The eastern sections of the Habr Yunis are still with the Mullah, but the Position has so far improved that the westerly sections, whose attitude had before been doubtful, are now said to have definitely declared against Sultan Nur and the Mullah. At this point there is now every reason to believe this movement will now stop in its movement westwards, leaving the line of division as reported in my previous despatch. Journal Anthropological Tatlilitl^ Vol, JOT, Flair XF r 10- yiiasgool. & * o CMLISH "ll.CS 3S X,™ E.ci-Grtvnmch 45° MAP O? rmr (J* THB SOMALI COVNTOY, SHOWING TSE HOUTi: TKJLTERSrr CAET. L'AHLETU7. Deegaanada hoos iman jiray saldanada suldaan Nuur 1881-1898. Sultan Noor has succeeded to the sovereignty of the Burao country by the death of Sultan Aood; but I doubt if he has muich authority in that part. He had not been there when I met him. I did not go to see him, as his people would have eaten me out of rice and dates. Sultan Noor is of the Ismael Arrah tribe. The Ismael is the royal tribe. He and his relations are remarkable among Somalis for the growth of hair on the face, which is abnormal. They are also above the average height of tall Somalis. The other tribes of the Habr Gerhagis forward him a yearly tribute of camels and sheep; but otherwise I believe they do not pay him any allegiance, page 161 by Captain G. D. carleton 1892. Marku sidaas kala kulmay Suldaan Nuur beesha qeybteedii Oodweyne ayaa markiiba wuxu u wareegay bari iyo dhanka Burco , beeshiina wixii Daraawiish raacay iyo wixii diidayba xad u noqotay dagaanka Oodweyne, waxa layslugu yimi magaalada Burco laba jeer marna 1899kii marna 1900kii oo halkaas lagaga dhawaaqay xarakadan cusub loona bixiya Daraawiish oo magaca Sudan ilaa Maqrib wakhtiyadaa ka hir galay ahaa , waxa kale oo lagu heshiiyay oo Suldaan Nuur iyo Wadaadka iyo Daraawiishtuba ku heshiisay in safarada Berbera wixii sii socoda iyo wixii soo socodaba wadada loo fadhiisto. Reports from the Dolbahanta are also current in Berbera that the Mullah and Sultan Nur between them are bent on stopping all caravans entering Berbera for the next six months, with a view to starve the trade of the town. This they will not be able to do. II The main caravan route to the Ogaden from the Jerato Pass through Adadleh is in the hands of sections of the Habr Yunis opposed to Sultan Nur, and caravans using this road could, if necessary, take a more westerly one through Habr Awal country, whilst caravans using the road from Bohotele to Sheikh could diverge either to the Jerato route, or eastwards through the country of the Mahmood Girad. We may, however, expect to hear that some caravans have been looted or detained in the direction of the Dolbahanta. Weerarkii ugu horeeyay shirkii Burco ka dib Wadaadka iyo Suldaan Nuur waxay ku qaadeen xaruntii Sheekh Muuse iyo Habar Yoonistii Oodweyne bishii Spet 14keedii 1899 ayaa colkii suldaan Nuur iyo Ina Cabdulle Xasan halkaas ka qaadeen geelii banka Aroori iyo Tooyo daaqayay ee Habar Yoonis galbeed/Oodweyne, kolay sababta keentay in Oodweyne iyo Xaaji Muuse lagu qaado weerar waa hubaal in Suldan Nuur ka danbeeyay isagoo arintii diidnimada ka dibaaqaya ay H.Y Oodweyne diideen dagaalkiisa iyo Xaaji Muuse xaruntiisa oo la gubay. Berbera, September 14, 1899. (October 2.) My Lord, | | On the 11th instant information was received that the Mullah Muhammad Abdullah, had left Burao and occupied Odweina, in the western Habr Yunis country. He is there coercing the western Habr Yunis tribes who water at Odweina, Adadleh, and Syk, and who had declared themselves against him and Sultan Nur. He has seized some of their principal men and a considerable quantity of their livestock grazing in the Arori and Toyio Plains. Dagaaladii ugu horeeyay oo bilaabmay 1901kii waxa ka horeeyay oo xusid mudan in Garaad Cali Garaad Maxamuud garaadka guud ee beesha Dhulbahnate diiday inu ku biiro Daraawiishta lagaga dhawaaqay Burco wuxu waraaq u soo diray Hayse Sadler isagoo le hub iyo ciidan ila soo gaadha Durbdiiba waraaq ayuu Ingiriiska u qortay isagoo le " Wadaad waalan baa dadkaygii iyo duunyadaydiiba iigu haysta ee hub iyo caawinimo halayla soo gaadho" Arintaas markay ogaadeen hogaanka Daraawiishta oo markaas shirrarkii Burco 3 nin lagu heshiiyay Wadaadka , Suudi iyo Suldaan Nuur, in amar lagu bixiyo dilka Garaad Cali, sidaasna arintu u dhacday oo Garaadka la dilay ka dib shirkii laabaad ee 1900kii ee Burco. "The Gerad Ali Farah, the Sultan of the Dolbahanta, made so bold as to send a message to the Consul-General to the effect that his old friendly relations with us remained unchanged although, owing to the evil influence of the Mullah, his orders were no longer obeyed by his tribe. For this act the Sultan was treacherously murdered by the Mullah's command ; and the bodies of the twelve principal sheikhs in the Dolbahanta country were seized." Ciidamada Daraawiishta oo ka kaboon qabiilada qaar H.J (Adan Madoobe , reer Yuusuf, Axmed Faarax), Habar Yoonista bari gaar ahaan ( Muuse Ismaaciil iyo Sacad Yoonis) Ogaadeenka qaar sida ( Ba-Geri iyo Makaahiil (Abraahiinka)., ciidamadaas goobtii ugu horaysay ee Ingiriis isku hirdiyaan waxay ahayed aaga Buhoodle meel la yidhaahdo Sacmala, sidu dagaalka u sheegay Captain MCneill buugiisa In the Prusuit Of The Mad Mullah : Early next morning our patrols began coming in at intervals with prisoners, and we heard for the first time of Captain M-Neill's fight at Sanala, and the accounts they gave us turned out subsequently to be very correct. More patrols were sent out during the course of the morning, and several small skirmishes took place with stray parties of the enemy, and we secured about 20 horses. At I p.m. numerous horsemen were seen by our patrols passing along the open plains to the north, on the far side of the ridge, and evidently making for the central opening to our valley, whilst some 4,000 odd spearmen were heading for the western entrance. As The Camel Corps and Mounted Infantry were sent on ahead, whilst we proceeded with all our transport to cross the afore- mentioned nullah, which consisted of a pre- cipitous descent into a river-bed, and an equally precipitous ascent on the far side. Barely half the column was across this when the Mullah, Sultan Nur, and Hadji Sudi, with some 200 horsemen, appeared through the northern opening to the valley, and wheel- ing into two lines came straight for the rear of our column. We subsequently discovered that they were unaware of our presence, and were making for a pass which was a short cut to the Mullah's headquarters at Wayla-hed. On their dis- covering us, they immediately turned about and rode straight down the valley, upon which our rearguard fired a volley, but they were too far off for this to have much effect. Dagaalka Sacmala sidu sheegay Mcneill waxa sheeda ka daawanayay 3 da hogaamiye maalintaasna waxa Daraawiishta laga dilay 200 oo nin ka dibna ayagoo dib u gurtay ayay col kale oo u watay Sawyn Cawr afka uga galeen, oo 3daba lagu qaban gaadhay goobtaas , sidu jaraaidka New York Times soo qoray cadadkiisii June 22 1901. http://querv.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0910F93A5DlA728DDDAA0A94DE 405B818CF1D3 Dagaalkaas dagaalkii ku xigay wuxu ka dhacay xadka Somaliland iyo Somalia goobta Firdhidin , maalintaas ciidanka Ingiriiska waxa watay Beynon , Fredrickson (Af-Carabi) waxana lamaanaynayay ciidank Dhulbahnate ah oo 300 oo nin ahaa sidu Anus Hamilton iyo Mcneill sheegayna ahaa ciidan Maxamud Garaad ah , ayaataasna Daraawiish waa laga gacan sareeyay firxadkiina waxa lagu qabtay xoolo Daraawiisheed ay kala lahaayeen Wadaadka iyo Suldaanka sidu sheegay Mcneill: On getting this news I moved my force from Bohotele vi& Yaheyl and "Weyla Hedd to Firdiddin, and attacked the Mullah at ... Sultan Nur's camels and the Mullah's cattle were captured. The pursuit was carried on into the bush in the Haud, ... South of the main cave-well is the considerable tomb of 'Abdullah Hasan senior, well plastered inside and out; it is now said to be empty. Adjoining this on the west is a walled garden with massive gateway and guard-house; the rest ofthe wall is not more than 5 feet high and plastered. There are still odd bushes and signs of cultivation to be seen, but the comparatively deep well in the middle is dry. To the east lies a row of four tombs. The most northerly is that of one Soldan Nur of the Habr Yunis tribe; the next two, neither being plastered, and the first with the top left unfinished, are those of Hawiya notables whose names my Somalis did not know. The most southerly tomb is that of a man of the Habr Jaalo tribe. The isolated tomb still farther east is that of 'AbdullahHasan's mother. All the tombs are provided with narrow but very massive wooden doors, swinging about vertical extensions from top and base of one side, page 128 Taleh Dhismaha Daar-Ilaalo 1931kii A little east of Soldan Nur's tomb is a shallow nulla, seen as a dark line in the photograph, and known as Hed Kaldig, the Place of Blood. This was the execution ground where those to whom the Mullah had taken a dislike were shot, with or without torture. Had such anticipated trouble and escaped, any members of their families on whom hands could be laid, including women and children, are said to have been shot in their stead, and their bodies left for the hyaenas. After the capture of Taleh pious Somalis collected the quantities of human bones found hereabouts and gave them burial. However this mav be there are no human bones about now. Qudbigii Suldaan Nuur ee duleedka "Daar-Ilaalo" 2011. Suldaan Nur sida qoraalada The Mad Mullah Of Somaliland , In Pursuit of the Mullah iyo Somaliland by Angus Hamilton waxay Ingiriisku qoreen inu dagaaladii badankood ka qeyb qaatay oo hogaanka Daraawiishta isaga Wadaadka iyo Xaaji Sudi u sareeyeen, dagaaladii ilaa Jidbaale , bishii June 1904 dagaalkii jidbaale wuxu ingiriisku qoray in warar soo gaadheen sheegaya Ina Cabdulle Xasan , suldaan Nuur iyo Xaaji Suudii ciidamaday wateen la dageen Xallin oo 26km u jirta Taleex. The next two, neither being plastered, and the first with the top left unfinished, are those of Hawiya notables whose names my Somalis did not know. The most southerly tomb is that of a man of the Habr Jaalo tribe. Qiyaas ahaan 1905kii ayuu suldaan Nuur ku dhintay Xallin /Taleex waxa suldaan Nuur lagu aasay 1905kii barta qalcada Taleex laga dhisi doono 191 1-1912. Wuxu Suldaan Nuur Axmed Amaan ku aasanyay "Daar-Ilaalo" shishadeeda. On the rise of the Mullah Mahomed Abdullah he went over to his side with a few of his followers and died while in exile. The Mullah at once proclaimed his son Dolal Sultan of the Habr Yunis, and the Somalis, according to their custom, would not proclaim another, although there were several claimants, namely, Mattar, who had lost the sultanate, and others. The Government, however, made Jama Hirsi, of the Ba Makahil, their represen tative, he being first cousin to the late Sultan Nur. From the accompanying table it will be seen that the proper designation of the late Sultan would be: Sultan Nur, Habr Yunis, Rer Segulleh, Ba Makahil. British Somaliland by Drake Brockmen 1912 page 83. 1905kii ayaa suldaan Doolaal Suldaan Nuur laga caleemo saaray Xallin ama Ilig halkay dhimashdii Nuur ka dib beesha Habar Yoonis caleemo Saartay Suldaan Madar Xirsi Suldaan Diiriye, se dawlada Ingiriisku waxay suldaan Habar Yoonis u aqoonsanyd nin sedexaad oo la odhan jiray Suldaan Jaamac Suldaan Xirsi Amaan.Dolaal wax qoraal ah oo tilmaamaya haiku ku danbeeyay oo Ingiriisku qoray ma jiro haysayeeshee reer Axmed Amaan intii ugu danbaysay ee u adeerka u ahaa suldaan Nuur waxay Boosaaso yimaadeen dagaalakii Daraawiishtu isku jabtay ee la odhan jiray Canjeel Talo Waa, kaas oo qiyaas ahaan ahaa 1909kii odayaasha sheekooyinka laga soo gaadhayna sheegaan inu Suldaan Doolaal ka mid ahaa raggi lagu dilay arintaas. Dibindaabyo Habar Yoonis dabicigu ima qabnoo Dagaal Sugulle Caynaashe durqinkii ka dhaartoo Danabadu Amaan dhalay daawo naga dhaxaysoo Dabaq haduu ka baydho duubkaa ii xanuuniye Danbi igama raacee daacad weeye sidaasiye Darwiishkii Suldaan Nuur duudkiisu ka beermay (Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan 1912) l- http://www. archive.org/details/staatsarchiv66inst 2-Kingdom Under Glass: page sultan Nuir page 95-97 By Jay Kirk 3- three month in Somaliland page 89. 4- In the Prusuit Of The Mad Mullah by Captain Mcneill 5- British Somaliland by Drake Borckmen, 1912. page 79-83 6-Sawirada maqaalka waa sawiro 1896kii Carl Akeley iyo D.G.Elliot suldaanka kaga qaadeen Banka Toyo isagoo mar dagaal Majeerteen ku dhaawacamay oo u soo daawo doontay. 7- pp. 160-172 . Notes on a Part of the Somali Country Author(s): G. D. Carleton 8- Two Recent Journeys in Northern Somaliland Author(s): F. B. Parkinson, Lieut. Brander- Dunbar, G. Percy V. Aylmer pg39-40.