The visit to Moscow would have been Mr. Kim’s first trip abroad since assuming power in 2011 after his father and predecessor died. It would also have provided a rare glimpse of Mr. Kim, who wears a Mao suit, runs prison gulags and invites the former N.B.A. star Dennis Rodman to basketball games, while routinely instructing his military to be prepared for a nuclear war with the United States.

Image The trip to Moscow would have been Kim Jong-un's first abroad as supreme leader of North Korea since assuming power in 2011. Credit... Korea News Service, via Reuters

As far as is publicly known, Mr. Kim’s father, Kim Jong-il, never made an appearance at multilateral meetings of foreign leaders. However, he visited China and Russia, his country’s two major allies, many times, traveling on an armored train because of his fear of flying. Kim Jong-un has yet to hold meetings with either the Chinese or Russian president.

Most European leaders have shunned the military celebrations after Russia’s annexation of Crimea and its role in the crisis in eastern Ukraine. Mr. Putin, who has sought to show that he has not been isolated by Western sanctions, has been trying to build relationships with leaders from the developing world, including South America, Africa and Asia.

President Park Geun-hye of South Korea also decided not to attend the ceremony, and she will instead send a special envoy, removing any possibility for a summit meeting between the Koreas in Moscow.

The National Intelligence Service, the South Korean spy agency, told Parliament members on Wednesday that when it had checked hotels in Moscow, it had found no signs of the North Korean government having reserved a large number of rooms.