Basics

Introduction

This is a quick reference to Sass stylesheets.

Variables

$red: #833;

body { color: $red; }

Nesting

.markdown-body { a { color: blue; &:hover { color: red; } } }

to properties

text: { align: center; // like text-align: center transform: uppercase; // like text-transform: uppercase }

/* Block comments */ // Line comments

Mixins

@mixin heading-font { font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: bold; }

h1 { @include heading-font; }

with parameters

@mixin font-size($n) { font-size: $n * 1.2em; }

body { @include font-size(2); }

with default values

@mixin pad($n: 10px) { padding: $n; }

body { @include pad(15px); }

with a default variable

// Set a default value $default-padding: 10px;

@mixin pad($n: $default-padding) { padding: $n; }

body { @include pad(15px); }

Extend

.button { ··· }

.push-button { @extend .button; }

Composing

@import './other_sass_file';

The .scss or .sass extension is optional.

Color functions

rgba

rgb(100, 120, 140) rgba(100, 120, 140, .5) rgba($color, .5)

Mixing

mix($a, $b, 10%) // 10% a, 90% b

Modifying HSLA

darken($color, 5%) lighten($color, 5%)

saturate($color, 5%) desaturate($color, 5%) grayscale($color)

adjust-hue($color, 15deg) complement($color) // like adjust-hue(_, 180deg) invert($color)

fade-in($color, .5) // aka opacify() fade-out($color, .5) // aka transparentize() - halves the opacity rgba($color, .5) // sets alpha to .5

Getting individual values

HSLA

hue($color) // → 0deg..360deg saturation($color) // → 0%..100% lightness($color) // → 0%..100% alpha($color) // → 0..1 (aka opacity())

RGB

red($color) // → 0..255 green($color) blue($color)

See: hue(), red()

Adjustments

// Changes by fixed amounts adjust-color($color, $blue: 5) adjust-color($color, $lightness: -30%) // like darken(_, 30%) adjust-color($color, $alpha: -0.4) // like fade-out(_, .4) adjust-color($color, $hue: 30deg) // like adjust-hue(_, 15deg)

// Changes via percentage scale-color($color, $lightness: 50%)

// Changes one property completely change-color($color, $hue: 180deg) change-color($color, $blue: 250)

Supported: $red $green $blue $hue $saturation $lightness $alpha

Other functions

Strings

unquote('hello') quote(hello)

to-upper-case(hello) to-lower-case(hello)

str-length(hello world) str-slice(hello, 2, 5) // "ello" - it's 1-based, not 0-based str-insert("abcd", "X", 1) // "Xabcd"

Units

unit(3em) // 'em' unitless(100px) // false

Numbers

floor(3.5) ceil(3.5) round(3.5) abs(3.5)

min(1, 2, 3) max(1, 2, 3)

percentage(.5) // 50% random(3) // 0..3

Misc

variable-exists(red) // checks for $red mixin-exists(red-text) // checks for @mixin red-text function-exists(redify)

global-variable-exists(red)

selector-append('.menu', 'li', 'a') // .menu li a selector-nest('.menu', '&:hover li') // .menu:hover li selector-extend(...) selector-parse(...) selector-replace(...) selector-unify(...)

Feature checks

Feature check

feature-exists(global-variable-shadowing)

Features

global-variable-shadowing

extend-selector-pseudoclass

units-level-3

at-error

Loops

For loops

@for $i from 1 through 4 { .item-#{$i} { left: 20px * $i; } }

Each loops (simple)

$menu-items: home about services contact; @each $item in $menu-items { .photo-#{$item} { background: url('images/#{$item}.jpg'); } }

Each loops (nested)

$backgrounds: (home, 'home.jpg'), (about, 'about.jpg'); @each $id, $image in $backgrounds { .photo-#{$id} { background: url($image); } }

While loops

$i: 6; @while $i > 0 { .item-#{$i} { width: 2em * $i; } $i: $i - 2; }

Other features

Conditionals

@if $position == 'left' { position: absolute; left: 0; } @else if $position == 'right' { position: absolute; right: 0; } @else { position: static; }

Interpolation

.#{$klass} { ... } // Class call($function-name) // Functions @media #{$tablet} font: #{$size}/#{$line-height} url("#{$background}.jpg")

Lists

$list: (a b c); nth($list, 1) // starts with 1 length($list) @each $item in $list { ... }

Maps

$map: (key1: value1, key2: value2, key3: value3); map-get($map, key1)

See also