Supporters of e-scooters were cheering a legislative agreement to allow the swift, eco-friendly devices in city streets, though they would not be allowed in Manhattan, where there were concerns about adding to already maddening traffic. E-bikes would be allowed statewide.

And in a radio interview on Monday morning, Mr. Cuomo expressed confidence in a variety of other measures, including several he has been promoting in recent weeks. One would eliminate the so-called “gay panic” defense in criminal cases, under which defendants seek leniency by claiming that they acted under extreme emotional distress because of a victim’s sexual orientation.

Another would allow gestational surrogacy, a cause that has struggled in the State Assembly in the face of opposition from several prominent female lawmakers.

The governor also predicted success for new legal standards for sexual harassment — revoking a condition that it must be “severe and pervasive” — as well as an extension of a program to promote government contracts for women and underrepresented minority groups that expires at the end of this year.

There continued to be questions, however, about several other proposals, including one to end the use of long-term solitary confinement in jails and prisons and offer other more rehabilitative units. Mr. Cuomo said he agreed that solitary confinement needed reforms but that he was hesitant to spend more on “new prison cells.” The governor also cast doubt on a proposal to decriminalize prostitution, saying he doubted there was enough time to seriously consider such an idea.

“I don’t think people are going to do that,” he said, “on 48-hour notice.”

For proponents of marijuana legalization, the small chance of passage was a far cry from earlier this year, when a regulated adult-use market seemed more assured, after Democrats won majorities in both chambers of the State Legislature, and Mr. Cuomo backed the idea for the first time in December. But negotiations collapsed in April, in the face of a well-coordinated opposition campaign and the demise of a parallel effort in New Jersey.