Snakes, more commonly referred to as serpents in mythology and religion, have held important positions in the dogmas of many cultures throughout history. They feature in the art and lore of Egyptian, Native American, African, Christian, Aboriginal, Indian, Judaic, and Ancient Greek (Fig. 1) and Roman civilizations.

Though serpents have an almost universal presence, their symbolic interpretations are not so uniform. Indigenous peoples of North America and Australia include serpents in their creation myths. Because of their ability to shed their skins, snakes have been viewed as a symbol of life force and immortality and regeneration. The serpent goddesses of India and Ancient Egypt are both feared and revered, the latter assuming the role as both protector and destroyer of the pharaohs. In Judaism and Christianity the serpent is seen not as a powerful mother-figure, but rather is associated with temptation and evil. The serpentine monsters of Ancient Greek mythology, including snake-haired Medusa, are other examples of serpents seen as harmful rather than beneficial.

A common belief held by Egyptian and African cultures was that when a serpent grows old, wings grow from its body. Revived interest in Ancient Greek, Roman and Egyptian civilizations in the 18th and 19th centuries resulted in the development of neoclassical and revival styles in the decorative arts. Classical architecture and motifs, including serpents, were incorporated into contemporary buildings, interior design and furniture. This German center table in the manner of Karl Friedrich Schinkel (Fig. 2), is supported by a base of three winged serpents banded together at the center.

Egyptian styles would also influence the Art Deco movement of the early 20th century. Sleek interpretations of Egyptian furniture and objects were produced by companies like Tiffany & Co. From the 20s to the 30s French metalsmith Edgar Brandt produced serpent lamps, in collaboration with Daum Nancy who provided the shades. This chandelier, in the manner of Brandt (Fig. 3), is comprised of alabaster shades supported by twelve cobra heads.

Resource: Eason, Cassandra. Fabulous Creatures, Mythical Monsters, and Animal Power Symbols: A Handbook. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2007.

Fig.1 : Photo: Harrison, J.E., Epilegomena to the Study of Greek Religion and Themis, University Books, New Hyde Park, New York, p. 495, 1962.