Turbulence (seen here in cyclones) ... is described as the oldest unsolved problem in physics. Credit: WikiImages from Pixabay

University of Queensland researchers have combined quantum liquids and silicon-chip technology to study turbulence for the first time, opening the door to new navigation technologies and improved understanding of the turbulent dynamics of cyclones and other extreme weather.

Professor Warwick Bowen, from UQ's Precision Sensing Initiative and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems said the finding was "a significant advance" and provided a new way to study turbulence.

"Turbulence is often described as the oldest unsolved problem in physics," Professor Bowen said.

"Our finding allows us to observe nanoscale quantum turbulence, which mirrors the sort of behavior you see in cyclones.

"This advance is enabled by the properties of quantum liquids, which are fundamentally different to everyday liquids."

Professor Bowen said it was postulated more than 50 years ago that the turbulence problem could be simplified using quantum liquids.

"Our new technique is exciting because it allows quantum turbulence to be studied on a silicon chip for the first time," he said.

The research also had implications in space, where quantum liquids are predicted to exist within dense astrophysical objects.

"Our research could help to explain how these objects behave," Dr. Bowen said.

Simulations of the dynamics of quantised vortices -- the quantum analogue of a vortex in water or a tornado - as they interact on a silicon chip. Credit: Dr Matthew Reeves

Dr. Yauhen Sachkou, the paper's lead author, said rotating neutron stars lost angular momentum in fits and starts.

"The way this occurs is thought to hinge on quantum turbulence," Dr. Sachkou said.

Dr. Christopher Baker, who co-led the research, said the finding made possible silicon-chip based accelerometers with sensitivity far beyond current state of the art.

"In quantum liquids, atoms behave more like waves than particles," Dr. Baker said.

"This allows us to build laser-like sensors from atoms."

The paper, "Coherent vortex dynamics in a strongly interacting superfluid on a silicon chip," is published today in Science.

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More information: Coherent vortex dynamics in a strongly interacting superfluid on a silicon chip. Science 20 Dec 2019: Journal information: Science Coherent vortex dynamics in a strongly interacting superfluid on a silicon chip.20 Dec 2019: DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw9229