As California, the richest state in the US, recently overtook France to become the world’s sixth largest economy, according to this news report, a comparison with India reveals that California has 3% of India’s population but 125% of India’s gross domestic product.

California, a powerhouse of innovation and technology, has 39 million people; less than Odisha, which has a population of more than 41 million. Texas follows California with a GDP of $1.58 trillion (Rs 105 lakh crore) – 79% of India’s current GDP – with 2.1% of its population.

The data offers some perspective as India’s economy ranked eighth in 2015, with a GDP of $2 trillion (Rs 134 lakh crore). It is projected to climb past Brazil, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan and become the world’s third largest in 2030, with a GDP of $7.3 trillion (Rs 489 lakh crore), according to an IndiaSpend analysis of 2015 US government data.

Over these 15 years, China’s GDP is projected to double to $18.8 trillion (Rs 1,260 lakh crore) –more than twice its current size – helping narrow the gap with the US, whose GDP in 2030 is projected to be $23.8 trillion (Rs 1,595 lakh crore).

The US economy made up a quarter of the global economy in 2006, 23% in 2015, and is expected to make up one-fifth by 2030. India’s GDP share in the world will almost double from 3.18% in 2015 to 6.21% in 2030.

The Indian economy will more than double to $5 trillion in a “matter of few years”, said Finance Minister Arun Jaitley in June 2016, as the government steps on its reforms agenda to accelerate growth.

The US projection said India will cross the $5 trillion mark in 2025.

To illustrate the size and power of the US economy, we compared India’s GDP to the GDP of individual US states, factoring in their population, to indicate the magnitude by which India lags the US in wealth and productivity. That lag also indicates the potential for India’s growth in the future – but that potential needs to be realised.

Source: United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service

How it stacks up

With a GDP of $2.5 trillion (Rs 1,68,000 crore), California – also the most populous US state –created the most jobs in America in 2015, more than the second and third most-populous states, Florida and Texas, combined. Four of the world’s 10 largest companies are based in California.

Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, US Department of Commerce

With far fewer people, US states have economies that are not just richer but more productive than those of Indian states.

With a GDP of $0.26 trillion (Rs 18 lakh crore), Maharashtra is India’s richest state, followed by Tamil Nadu ($0.17 trillion, Rs 11.2 lakh crore) and Uttar Pradesh ($0.16 trillion, Rs 10.4 lakh crore).

Maharashtra’s GDP almost equals that of Connecticut ($0.26 trillion), ranked 23rd in the US by GDP. Maharashtra’s area is 21 times larger and it has a population 31 times as large as Connecticut.

Tamil Nadu, the second-richest state, has a GDP almost equal to that of Iowa, the 30th-richest state in the US.

Source: Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, Bureau of Economic Analysis, US Department of Commerce

The Indian economy is a bright spot in an economically depressed global landscape, and is the world’s fastest-growing economy, said this 2015 report by the International Monetary Fund.

The Indian government’s efforts to improve business climate have gained momentum, the IMF report said, emphasising reforms in key areas. These include:

Addressing bottlenecks in the energy, mining and power sectors

Increasing investment to help close India’s major infrastructure gaps

Simplifying land acquisition and environmental clearances

Reforming the agriculture sector to ensure greater efficiencies in food procurement, distribution, and storage

Notes:

1. The base year for Indian state GDPs is 2010-11 in Rs crore; for US states, the base year is 2010 in $.

2. To convert GDPs of Indian states into US dollars, we have considered the following exchange rate: $1 = Rs 67

3. Actual figures of GDP may vary due to currency fluctuations or change in base years, but the trends largely remain the same.

This article first appeared on IndiaSpend, a data-driven and public interest journalism non-profit.