The population of Texas could double by 2050, surpassing 54 million, if current migration patterns continue, according to a report by the Office of the State Demographer.

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Heavy migration into the Lone Star State is poised to dramatically enlarge the population of Texas, currently the country’s second most populous state with more than 26 million people, the report found.

Since 2005, Texas has experienced the largest annual population growth of any state. If the migration rates Texas experienced between 2000 and 2010 continue, the population would reach 54.4 million by 2050. That is 1.74 times the growth the state would experience from natural population increase, or more births than deaths in the state, according to the report.

The percentage of elderly residents in the Texas population, defined as those 65 and older, is poised to increase in coming decades, but will be lowered by migration of working-age people into the state.

An expanded version of this report appears at WSJ.com.