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A near-collision last year at the Ottawa airport between a landing Federal Express plane and a departing helicopter is part of a dangerous and persistent problem with runway incursions, the Transportation Safety Board says.

In its report on the June 2014 incident, released Wednesday, the Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) said the number of runway incursions has remained “too high” in the five years since it first warned that the problem posed a major risk.

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The federal agency said there were 346 runway incursion incidents in 2010, 454 in 2011, 429 in 2012, and 381 in 2013.

“They continue to occur more than once a day,” the investigation report said. “The board remains concerned that the incursions and the risk of collisions will continue until better defences are put in place.”

More than five million takeoffs and landings occur each year at Canadian airports, which means that runway incursions are relatively rare. But as the TSB report notes, “their consequences can be catastrophic.”