Let's see how we can provide a way to have a theme system in a Mojolicious application, that allows users to have a custom theme without pain and without risk of losing it on updates.

Modifying the theme of a Mojolicious app is quite easy: add, modify or delete things in public and templates . But all those direct modifications may not survive on update of the app: they will simply be erased by the files of the new version.

You wrote an awesome Mojolicious app, and people use it. Marvellous! But users may want to modify the theme of your app: change the logo, use another CSS framework, such sort of things.

A fresh application

When you create a new Mojolicious app with mojo generate MyApplication , these are the default directories that will serve files and their default contents to be served:

$ tree public templates public └── index.html templates ├── example │ └── welcome.html.ep └── layouts └── default.html.ep 2 directories, 3 files

public is where static files are stored, and templates is where templates are stored.

Those paths are registered in your Mojolicious application in $app->static->paths and $app->renderer->paths . Luckily, those two objects are array references, so we can add or remove directories to them.

When serving a static file, our application search for the file in the first directory of the $app->static->paths array, and if it does not found it, search in the next directory, and so on. It goes the same for template rendering.

Let's change paths

We could keep the public and templates default directories at the root of the application directory but I like to regroup all the themes-related stuff in a directory called themes and call my default theme… well, default .

Create the new directories and move the default theme directories in it:

$ mkdir -p themes/default $ mv public templates themes/default

Then, we need to change the paths in our application. Add this in lib/MyApplication.pm :

# Replace the default paths $self->renderer->paths([$self->home->rel_file('themes/default/templates')]); $self->static->paths([$self->home->rel_file('themes/default/public')]);

Add a way to use another theme

As said before, Mojolicious search for static files or templates in the first directory of the registered paths, and goes to next if it can't find the files or templates.

Thus, we need to add our new theme paths before the default ones.

Let's say that we created a christmas theme which files are in themes/christmas/public and which templates are in themes/christmas/templates .

Our snippet to add to the code becomes:

# Replace the default paths $self->renderer->paths([$self->home->rel_file('themes/default/templates')]); $self->static->paths([$self->home->rel_file('themes/default/public')]); # Put the new theme first unshift @{$self->renderer->paths}, $self->home->rel_file('themes/christmas/templates'); unshift @{$self->static->paths}, $self->home->rel_file('themes/christmas/public');

By doing that way, we can overload the default files.

You don't have to modify each file of the default theme to have a new theme: just copy the files you want to overload in your new theme directory and it will be used instead of the default one.

Let's say that you have a background.png file in your default theme:

$ cd themes/default $ tree public templates public ├── background.png └── index.html templates ├── example │ └── welcome.html.ep └── layouts └── default.html.ep 2 directories, 4 files

In order to overload it, you just have to have this:

$ cd themes/christmas $ tree public templates public └── background.png templates 0 directories, 1 files

Using Mojolicious::Plugin::Config plugin

Mojolicious::Plugin::Config comes with Mojolicious itself and is a great way to let users configure your application. Why not using it to let them choose the theme they want? In our example, the setting will unsurprisingly be named theme .

First, use the plugin:

# Mojolicious my $config = $app->plugin('Config' => { default => { theme => 'default' } });

Note that I added a default value to the configuration of the plugin. It makes sure that we will have a correct value for the chosen theme even if the user didn't choose one.

Now, we just have to use that configuration setting in our code:

# Replace the default paths $self->renderer->paths([$self->home->rel_file('themes/default/templates')]); $self->static->paths([$self->home->rel_file('themes/default/public')]); # Do we use a different theme? if ($config->{theme} ne 'default') { # Put the new theme first my $theme = $self->home->rel_file('themes/'.$config->{theme}); unshift @{$self->renderer->paths}, $theme.'/templates' if -d $theme.'/templates'; unshift @{$self->static->paths}, $theme.'/public' if -d $theme.'/public'; }

Note the if -d $theme.'/templates' : it prevents problems if the use made a typo in the name of the theme and allow to avoid creating both templates and public in the theme directory if you only need one of them.

Conclusion

You are now providing a theme system in your application. Users will now be able to change the style of it without fearing losing their changes on updates (though they will need to check the changes they made in case the default theme changed a lot).

You may even provides different themes yourself, like I did for my URL-shortening app, Lstu 🙂