PARIS—A lull in the yellow-vest protest movement has given French President Emmanuel Macron some breathing room to try to repair his battered image and insulate his pro-business agenda from further demands.

New measures he announced a week ago to boost the purchasing power of working-class French appeared to lessen the impact on Saturday of a fifth consecutive weekend demonstration by antigovernment protesters known for wearing yellow reflective vests, or gilets jaunes.

France’s...