Amazon, Facebook and Netflix among companies demonstrating on behalf of net neutrality, in what supporters say will be biggest online protest in history

Amazon, Facebook, Netflix and a host of other tech giants will join with online activists, librarians, minority rights and free speech groups today in a day of protest against the Trump administration’s plans to roll back rules in what critics charge is a “war on the open internet”.

The “day of action” – which supporters claim will be the largest online protest in history – comes as the new head of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the US telecoms and media watchdog, prepares to defang tough rules protecting internet access in the US following pressure from cable companies and other internet service providers (ISPs).



Quick guide Net neutrality Show Hide What is net neutrality? Net neutrality is the idea that internet service providers (ISPs) treat everyone’s data equally – whether that’s an email from your mother, a bank transfer or a streamed episode of Stranger Things. It means that ISPs, which control the delivery pipes, don’t get to choose which data is sent more quickly, or which sites get blocked or throttled (for example, slowing the delivery of a TV show because it is streamed by a video company that competes with a subsidiary of the ISP) or who has to pay extra. For this reason, some have described net neutrality as the “first amendment of the internet”. Why is net neutrality under threat? On 14 December 2017, the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) voted to scrap regulations protecting net neutrality in America. In a 3-2 vote, the commission repealed the rules, which had been introduced by the Obama administration in 2015 to replace the patchwork of authorisations that had previously regulated the internet. In response, a number of states vowed to introduce their own state-wide protections of net neutrality. Who benefits from the FCC ruling? The most obvious beneficiaries are the large ISPs, who frequently have local monopolies and have now been handed the ability to discriminate between their own services and those of competitors, and charge other companies for access or bandwidth. But larger internet companies, such as Google or Facebook, are also likely to benefit from the decision. They stand little risk of being blocked or throttled, given how unpopular such a move would be, and can afford to pay access fees. They would also benefit from the reduced competition from smaller firms and startups, who are at risk of discrimination from ISPs. Are there implications outside of the US? Other nations have their own net neutrality regulations. The EU, for instance, passed a directive in 2016 guarding some key tenets of net neutrality, although allowing some controversial practices, such as "zero-rating" – declaring some sites free for the purposes of data limits. But globally, internet users will experience the indirect effects of the US decision, since its impact on the competitive market within America's borders will ripple around the world. For some, that could even be positive: if new startups can't get traction in the US, they may decide to relocate elsewhere.

Evan Greer, campaign director of Fight For the Future, the not-for-profit group organizing the day of action, said the protest came at a critical moment for the internet. “The internet has had a profoundly democratizing impact on our society. If we lose these protections, then we will lose all that diversity,” she said.



The FCC chairman, Ajit Pai, is a longtime critic of the 2015 “open internet” rules which he has called politically motivated and “heavy handed” and has claimed stifle innovation by imposing unnecessary burdens on cable companies. Those rules have been unsuccessfully challenged in the US courts but could now be overturned by the Republican-controlled FCC.

In May, the FCC voted two to one to start the formal process of dismantling “net neutrality” rules that prevent ISPs from creating fast lanes (or slow lanes) that could favor one service over another and potentially allow them to choose winners and losers online.



Pai has called his proposed rule-making “Restoring Internet Freedom”.

The move has already sparked a huge online backlash, with more than 5.6m comments submitted to the FCC. So many comments were submitted to the FCC after the comedian John Oliver attacked Pai’s opinions that its comment system collapsed and the regulator has been flooded with fake comments from “people” in support of the weakened rules.



But Pai has remained steadfast in his commitment to roll back the measures: “Make no mistake about it: this is a fight that we intend to wage and it is a fight that we are going to win,” he said in a speech in April.

Alongside the tech companies, pressure groups and activists including the American Library Association, ACLU, Free Press, Greenpeace and National Hispanic Media Coalition will all champion their support of the current rules today and press their followers to write to the FCC and their members of Congress to stop Pai overturning them.

“Ajit Pai has made it clear that he doesn’t care what millions of people have to say or to listen to the voices of the leading technology companies in the world. That said Ajit Pai answers to Congress and Congress will soon be well aware that people from acrioss the political spectrum overwhelmingly support the current rules,” said Greer.



Another supporter, the Writers Guild of America, has called the move a “war on the open internet”.

Pai’s proposals have attracted fierce criticism from Democrats, too. In a letter to Pai sent last month, the House minority leader, Nancy Pelosi said she was “dismayed” that Pai had chosen to ignore the millions of public comments filed in support of the FCC’s current rules.



“Consumers should be able to use the internet on the device they want, using the apps and services they want, without their internet provider standing in the way,” says Pelosi. “I support the current rules because they are in place to protect consumers, and I oppose your efforts to eliminate them.”



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Global tech companies including Google, Netflix and Twitter joined a similar day of protest in 2014 that helped push the FCC to reclassify broadband under Title II of the Telecommunications Act, a move that regulates the internet service ISPs provide in a way similar to how it regulates access to the telephone.



Comments on the FCC’s new proposal will be open until August and an as yet unscheduled vote is expected later this year.