“Each day of delay,” the brief said, “harms Congress by depriving it of important information it needs to carry out its constitutional responsibilities.”

Mr. Trump’s application, filed last week, sought a stay of a ruling in October by a divided panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit rejecting the president’s argument that the subpoena was improper because the committee had no valid legislative purpose for seeking the information. “Having considered the weighty interests at stake in this case, we conclude that the subpoena issued by the committee to Mazars is valid and enforceable,” Judge David S. Tatel wrote for the majority.

Responding to Mr. Trump’s request in Thursday’s filing, lawyers for the committee said its inquiries were driven by its legislative and oversight responsibilities.

“Among other issues,” the brief said, “the committee is investigating whether senior government officials, including the president, are acting in the country’s best interest and not in their own financial interest, whether federal agencies are operating free from financial conflicts and with accurate information, and whether any legislative reforms are needed to ensure that these fundamental principles are respected.”

When the subpoena was issued in April, the House had not yet voted to pursue an impeachment inquiry. Now that it has, the brief said, the “rapidly advancing impeachment inquiry also makes it particularly important that Congress not be deprived of the information sought by the subpoena.”