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"Fischer is back! It's an event we have all eagerly awaited for 20 years..."

After disappearing from public view for 20 years, Robert James Fischer returned to play a chess match with Boris Spassky in 1992. At the time of the return match, Fischer was 49 years old. Spassky was 55, was ranked 101st in the world, and had a rating of 2560.

They came to the town of Sveti Stefan, a resort off the coast of Montenegro, 110 km from the civil war in Bosnia, 200 km from besieged Sarajevo. Fischer played despite United Nations sanctions against Yugoslavia and a warning from the United States Treasury Department, which threatened him with severe penalties for playing.

The prize fund was 5.000.000 US$, of which the first player to win 10 games would receive 3.650.000 US$. In the event of a 9-9 tie, Fischer would keep his title as "undefeated champion of the world". There would be no adjournments.

The match sponsor was Jezdimir Vasiljevic, President of Jugoskandic Bank, and a crony of Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic. The match arbiter was Lothar Schmid, who had performed the same function 20 years earlier in Iceland. Eugenio Torre, GM from the Philippines, served as Fischer's second, while Spassky had Borislav Ivkov as his second.

A memorable press conference

On 1 September 1992, Fischer gave his first press conference in 20 years. When asked about his reaction to the threats by Washington, Fischer took out a letter from the Treasury Department and spat on it.

He accused Kasparov and Karpov of playing "prearranged" matches, and accused Karpov and Korchnoi of the same. Spassky supported the opinion by pointing out the finish of the 19th game of the 1990 match in Lyon.

When asked about his reputation as an anti-Communist, Fischer said "Soviet Communism is basically a mask for Bolshevism which is a mask for Judaism." Asked later about his apparent anti-Semitism, he said, "I'm definitely not anti-Arab, OK?"

He accused the Soviets of keeping his royalties from his book "My 60 Memorable Games", and said that there would be no possibility of a match with Kasparov unless the royalties were paid.

On 2 September 1992, the New York Times published an editorial.

Bosnia's Tragedy, and Bobby's Think of Bosnia overrun by Serbian-backed militias. Then think of the chess genius Bobby Fischer violating United Nations sanctions, and decency itself, to play a chess match for profit in Serbia against his old rival Boris Spassky. The contrast reeks of callousness, not to mention disregard for international law. The match also violates President Bush's executive order forbidding Americans to do business in Yugoslavia. The Yugoslav entrepreneur Jezdimir Vasiljevic is trying to recast the match as a charity event by pledging to donate $600,000 to refugee relief. This changes almost nothing. With its lucrative revenues from sponsor fees and television rights, and its purse of $5 million, the match is a business venture, pure and simple. Mr. Fischer captivated chess enthusiasts and ordinary citizens everywhere when he defeated Mr. Spassky to become world champion 20 years ago. Today he embarrasses the world. Asked about a Federal ruling forbidding him to play, Mr. Fischer held up the notice and spat on it. If he plays, he deserves prosecution under the law. That could mean a $250,000 fine and 10 years in jail. That would also be another sad episode in a strange career. Personal problems have long overshadowed Mr. Fischer's talents. He was stripped of the world title in 1975 because he declined to defend it. Eccentric and reclusive, he became a member of an extremist religious sect, then an ardent purveyor of anti-Semitic dogma. He hasn't played in public for two decades. But eccentrics, too, are subject to the law. If Mr. Fischer plays, it is only right to make him pay.

The Fischer chess clock

The match was the first chess event to use the "Bobby Fischer chess clock". The clock had been patented by Fischer in the U.S. in 1989, but a working model had never been constructed. A clock was made for the event in a working time of five days.

The purpose of the clock was to ensure that a player always had at least one minute for the next move. Time scrambles, where a player had only seconds to reach the next time control, were thereby eliminated.

The terms of the match were that:-

- each player starts with 111 minutes on the clock

- after each move, 1 minute is added

- after move 40, 40 minutes are added

- after move 60, 30 minutes are added

- after move 80, 20 minutes are added

This meant that each player had 150 minutes, or 2 1/2 hours, for the first 40 moves. This was a standard time control for world class chess events.