Adela Vyhnakova arrived at Dublin Airport this month hoping that nothing else would go wrong with her trip to the Spanish island of Gran Canaria.

She was out of luck.

Monarch, a British airline, had declared insolvency that morning — her connecting flight from Birmingham, England, had been canceled. That was after Ryanair, the Irish budget carrier, had already canceled one of her return flights, forcing her to buy replacement tickets.

Ms. Vyhnakova, 28, a hotel supervisor who lives in Clifden, in western Ireland, ended up forking over about 400 euros, or $475, in total, rather than the €160 she had initially paid.

“I planned my holiday after 14 years, my first holiday, and it failed completely,” she said.

Ms. Vyhnakova’s travails are a symbol of the tumult that has faced the European airline industry in recent months. Bankruptcies, staffing problems and technical failures have affected tens of thousands of passengers.