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Efficient:

→ Achieving maximum productivity with optimal resources.



Eight Disciplines (8D) model:

→ 8D is a problem-solving structured methodology.

→ This method is widely used for problem-solving tools in an Automotive Industry.

→ Refer this article 8D Methodology with Excel Template



Eight wastes:

→ In the lean concept, Taiichi Ohno originally identified seven wastes and later one more waste skill or unutilized talent is added.

→ Also, check 8 Lean wastes explained with pictorial examples .



Eighty-twenty (80-20) rule:

→ This rule is also_known as the Pareto principle, which was first defined by Joseph M. Juran in 1950.

→ This principle suggests that most effects come from relatively few causes. In other words, 80% effect comes from 20% of causes.

→ Also, Read about Pareto Principles .



Empowerment:

→ Empowerment is a condition in which employees have the authority to make decisions and take action in their work areas.



EN 46000:

→ It is a European quality management system standard for the medical device industry.



EN 9100:

→ A European quality management standard for the aerospace industry.



End-user:

→ Someone who purchases products or services for their own use.



Environment management system:

→ A set of processes and practices that enable an organization to reduce its environmental impacts and promote environmental sustainability is called an Environment Management System.



Equipment availability:

→ The percentage of time duration in which the process or machine (equipment) is available to run is called equipment availability.

→ Equipment's availability is also known as uptime.

→ This factor is one of the most important parameters of OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness).



Error detection:

→ A mechanism is used to detect any non-conformity in product or process then it is called error detection.

→ Error detection is used when error proofing is too expensive or not easily able to implement.



Error proofing:

→ This is a mechanism, which is used to prevent mistakes from being made either in the product or in the process is called error proofing.

→ Various types of error-proofing methods explained with examples.





Facilitator:

→ A person who functions as a teacher, coach, and moderator for a group, team or organization is called a facilitator.



Failure:

→ Failure is the inability of a product or service to perform as specified criteria.



Failure cost:

→ The cost associated with the failure of a product or process is called failure cost.



Failure mode effects analysis (FMEA):

→ FMEA is a well-defined group of activities to identify and evaluate the potential failure modes or causes of a product or process and its effects.

→ After identifying failure mode or causes, the next step is to identify the solution that could eliminate or reduce the occurrence of the potential failure mode.

→ All the above-mentioned activities are maintained in a document.



Feedback:

→ Feedback is the communication of information from customers or users related to a process or performance.



First in, first-out (FIFO):

→ This is a very popular methodology in inventory management, in this method we have to issue (move out) the oldest material (First received in-store or warehouse).

So we can say it as a First In First Out.



Five S's (5S):

→ This is a Japenese methodology.

→ In this method, all five stages are started with Japanese terms beginning with “s” so this is known as a 5S.

→ This method is related to organize the workplace so we can work efficiently and effectively.

→ The 5S are

⇢ Seiri means sort

⇢ Seiton means set in order

⇢ Seiso means to shine or clean

⇢ Seiketsu means standardize

⇢ Shitsuke means sustain

→ Also, read 5S Methodology with pictorial representation → Achieving maximum productivity with optimal resources.→ 8D is a problem-solving structured methodology.→ This method is widely used for problem-solving tools in an Automotive Industry.→ Refer this article→ In the lean concept, Taiichi Ohno originally identified seven wastes and later one more waste skill or unutilized talent is added.→ Also, check→ This rule is also_known as the Pareto principle, which was first defined by Joseph M. Juran in 1950.→ This principle suggests that most effects come from relatively few causes. In other words, 80% effect comes from 20% of causes.→ Also, Read about→ Empowerment is a condition in which employees have the authority to make decisions and take action in their work areas.→ It is a European quality management system standard for the medical device industry.→ A European quality management standard for the aerospace industry.→ Someone who purchases products or services for their own use.→ A set of processes and practices that enable an organization to reduce its environmental impacts and promote environmental sustainability is called an Environment Management System.→ The percentage of time duration in which the process or machine (equipment) is available to run is called equipment availability.→ Equipment's availability is also known as uptime.→ This factor is one of the most important parameters of OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness).→ A mechanism is used to detect any non-conformity in product or process then it is called error detection.→ Error detection is used when error proofing is too expensive or not easily able to implement.→ This is a mechanism, which is used to prevent mistakes from being made either in the product or in the process is called error proofing.→ A person who functions as a teacher, coach, and moderator for a group, team or organization is called a facilitator.→ Failure is the inability of a product or service to perform as specified criteria.→ The cost associated with the failure of a product or process is called failure cost.→ FMEA is a well-defined group of activities to identify and evaluate the potential failure modes or causes of a product or process and its effects.→ After identifying failure mode or causes, the next step is to identify the solution that could eliminate or reduce the occurrence of the potential failure mode.→ All the above-mentioned activities are maintained in a document.→ Feedback is the communication of information from customers or users related to a process or performance.→ This is a very popular methodology in inventory management, in this method we have to issue (move out) the oldest material (First received in-store or warehouse).So we can say it as a First In First Out.→ This is a Japenese methodology.→ In this method, all five stages are started with Japanese terms beginning with “s” so this is known as a 5S.→ This method is related to organize the workplace so we can work efficiently and effectively.→ The 5S are⇢ Seiri means sort⇢ Seiton means set in order⇢ Seiso means to shine or clean⇢ Seiketsu means standardize⇢ Shitsuke means sustain→ Also, read



Five whys:

→ Five whys are also_known as to why why analysis and this technique is used to find out the root causes of a problem.

It also shows the relation between cause and problem.

In this method, we can find out the root cause of a problem by asking simple questions with "why?" till the root cause.



Flowchart:

→ The flow chart is a graphical representation of the steps in a process.

→ It is also known as Process Flow Diagram or Flow Chart .





Gage repeatability and reproducibility (GR&R):

→ GRR is a study that is used to determine the amount of variation in the measurement data due to variation in the measurement system.

→ We can measure Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (GRR) with the help of equipment and appraiser variation.



Gantt chart:

→ We can easily understand the Gantt chart as it is a horizontal bar chart.

→ Gantt chart is used to track the operation flow/project planning timeline.

→ It is also called a milestone chart when interim checkpoints are added to this.



Gap analysis:

→ The gap analysis is what is the desired state and what is the current condition.



Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T):

→ It is a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances.

→ GD&T is a symbolic language on engineering drawings.



Goal:

→ A goal is an idea of the future or desired result that a person or a group of people envision, plan and commit to achieving.

→ People try to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines.



→ Five whys are also_known as to why why analysis and this technique is used to find out the root causes of a problem.It also shows the relation between cause and problem.In this method, we can find out the root cause of a problem by asking simple questions with "why?" till the root cause.→ The flow chart is a graphical representation of the steps in a process.→ It is also known as→ GRR is a study that is used to determine the amount of variation in the measurement data due to variation in the measurement system.→ We can measure Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (GRR) with the help of equipment and appraiser variation.→ We can easily understand the Gantt chart as it is a horizontal bar chart.→ Gantt chart is used to track the operation flow/project planning timeline.→ It is also called a milestone chart when interim checkpoints are added to this.→ The gap analysis is what is the desired state and what is the current condition.→ It is a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances.→ GD&T is a symbolic language on engineering drawings.→ A goal is an idea of the future or desired result that a person or a group of people envision, plan and commit to achieving.→ People try to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines.

→ Quick Summary of terms & definition used in Lean Manufacturing, Lean Management, Lean Six Sigma, 7 QC tools, Problem Solving Methods, etc. This will help all leaders for a quick summary.→ The maximum number of defects or defectives products that are permissible in a sampling inspection plan is called the acceptance number.→ The lot is accepted based on the acceptance number.→ Random inspection of no. of the sample from a whole lot to decide whether the whole lot is ok or not ok is called Acceptance Sampling.→ This method is used at the incoming material inspection or final product inspection in mass production.➨ There are two types of Acceptance Sampling.⇢ [A] Attributes Sampling:⇢ In this method, the attributes characteristic of the product is inspected.⇢ [B] Variables Sampling:⇢ In this method, the variable characteristic of the product is measured and recorded.→ A specific sampling plan that indicates the sampling sizes and acceptance criteria or nonacceptance criteria are called as an Acceptance Sampling Plan.→ As per Wikipedia, Accreditation is the process in which certification of competency, authority, or credibility is presented.→ The accreditation body is an organization with the authority to accredit other organizations to perform services such as quality system certification, lab testing, food-grade testing, etc..→ Accuracy is the degree of closeness of observed value with actual true value.→ Read about the complete difference of→ APQP is a high-level automotive process for product realization, from design through production part approval.→ Advanced product quality planning (APQP) is a well-defined method to develop products from design to mass production in the industry.→ An affinity diagram is a very good tool used to organize ideas and data from mixed data.→ It is one of the Seven Management and Planning Tools.→ ASQ is a professional, not-for-profit association that develops, promotes and applies quality-related information and technology for the private sector, government and other organizations.→ ASTM provides a forum for the development and publication of standards for materials, products, systems, and services, etc.→ ANOVA is a basic statistical technique used to estimate the "variation" among and between groups.→ Andon means a visual feedback system.→ In Japanese Andon means Light.→ Andon helps a production operation by alerting team members if any problem generates.→ Appraisal cost is the cost that ensuring customers’ quality requirements.→ In other words, it is the cost of quality control.→ AS9100 is an international quality management standard for the aerospace industry.→ Assessment is a systematic evaluation process.→ It is performed by collecting and analyzing data.→ It is used to determine the current or past performance compared with standard criteria.→ Attribute data is qualitative data that can be counted or can be said as yes or no during data recording.→ E.g. No. of parts, No. of defects, etc.→ Check here→ The on-site verification activity.→ It is like inspection or examination, of a process or quality system, either it meets the requirements or not?→ AIAG is a global automotive trade association with more than 2,600 members.→ It focuses on common business processes, implementation guidelines, education, and training.→ An autonomation is a form of automation in which the machine itself inspects each produced item, and notify to a person if the inspected item is not ok and also stop the production.→ It is also known as "intelligent automation" or "Automation with a human touch".→ Benchmarking is a technique in which an organization measures its performance and compares it with the best results of similar in class organizations.→ In this technique, an organization determines how the best in class organizations achieved their performance levels?→ By using this information, an organization improves its own performance.→ Black Belt is a full-time team leader, who is responsible for implementing various improvement projects with the help of DMAIC or DMADV methodology.→ The project may be within a business or organization for customer satisfaction and productivity improvement.→ Also, read about→ The bottom line is the line at the bottom of a financial report.→ It shows the net profit or loss of the organization.→ Brainstorming is a team used to generate ideas on a particular subject.→ In this method, each person is asked to share his/her idea.→ Breakthrough improvement is a major improvement in the organization's respective business areas.→ E.g. Office 365 from Microsoft, Apple's iPhone, Electric car for zero-emission, etc→ Calibration is the comparison of a measurement value recorded by measurement instrument or system with the measurement instrument or system of known accuracy.→ By using this method we can identify that our instrument or system shows reading within specification or it shows out of specification?→ Capability is the ability to do things.→ The cause is an identified reason for the presence of a defect or problem.→ The cause and effect diagram is a root cause analysis tool.→ It is used to display the relationship between the problem and the cause of problem generation.→ It is also known as the “Ishikawa diagram,” after the name of Dr. Ishikawa and the “fishbone diagram,” because the complete diagram looks like a fish skeleton.→ Check complete→ The cell is an arrangement of people, machines, materials, and equipment.→ In this, the processing steps are placed next to each other in sequential order so that the parts are processed in a continuous flow.→ Cellular Manufacturing is all about arranging machines in the cells with correct operation sequence, with operators for manufacturing.→ Centerline is a line on a graph that represents the overall average (mean).→ This term is most popular in the control chart.→ The tendency of measured data gathered toward a middle value of specification is called central tendency.→ Champion is a business leader or senior person form management who ensures resources are available for training and projects.→ Also, he/she is involved in periodic project reviews, supports, and addresses different organizational issues.→ Champion is also responsible for handling various improvement or problem-solving projects.→ The process, tools, and techniques used to manage change, including planning, validating and implementing change, and verifying the effectiveness of change.→ A tool for organizing, summarizing and data represent in graphic form.→ A charter is a formal, typically short document that describes the objectives of the project and how it will be carried out, and all other project-related relevant information is also included in the charter.→ A simple tool for data recording.→ The user can design the custom template of the check sheet.→ The check sheet is one of the popular tools of 7 QC Tools.→ Check→ Concurrent Engineering refers to product development in such a way that the time require for a new product launch in the market is reduced by using the concept of integration of different functions like design engineering, manufacturing engineering, and other functions→ Sometimes Concurrent Engineering is also_known as a simultaneous engineering or integrated product development (IPD).→ Product or service has met the requirements of a relevant specification, contract or regulation is called Conformance.→ The consumer is the end-user of the product or service.→ It is a chart with upper and lower control limits and some samples or subgroups values are plotted on it to predicting the trend of the process.→ Read about→ Usually, Control limit is the line is drawn at a distance of ±3 standard deviations from the central line (X-double bar) in the process control chart.→ Control Plan is a written description of the systems for controlling part and process quality.→ A device that dimensionally measures 3-D products, tools, and components with the height accuracy.→ A measure of the relationship between two data sets of variables.→ The costs associated with providing poor quality products or services.➨ There are four categories:⇢ Internal failure costs⇢ External failure costs⇢ Appraisal costs, and⇢ Prevention costs→ Also, read→ Action is taken to eliminate the causes of non-conformities or other undesirable situations is known as corrective action.→ Processes that contain severe effects on human life, health, and the environment are called critical processes.→ If we lose money or customers on process failure then it is also_called a critical process.→ A cross-functional team is a team formed to perform a specific task which includes different members from the different relevant department.→ The result of delivering a product or service that exceeds customer expectations.→ A sequence of operations repeated regularly is called a cycle.→ The time required to complete one cycle of operation.→ A set of collected facts.➝ There are two basic kinds of numerical data: (1) Attribute Data & (2) Variable Data→ A product’s or service’s nonfulfillment of an intended requirement is called a defect.→ There are four classes of defects:⇢ Class 1: Very serious - it leads directly to severe injury or terrible economic loss;⇢ Class 2: Serious - it leads directly to significant injury or significant economic loss;⇢ Class 3: Major - it is related to major problems, and⇢ Class 4, Minor - it is related to minor problems→ It is a unit of product that contains one or more defects with respect to the quality characteristic(s) under consideration.→ The Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle is known as a Deming cycle.→ It is a fact-based, data-driven philosophy of improvement methodology used in the six sigma project.→ This methodology is generally used to design new products, services, and processes.→ It consists of five phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, and Verify.→ Also, check→ It is a data-driven structured methodology for improvement in process and product.→ DMAIC stands for define, measure, analyze, improve and control phases.