China has condemned the US government’s indictments against Huawei as “unfair and immoral” and urged Washington to stop its “unreasonable suppression” of the Chinese telecommunications company after it was charged with a series of crimes.

In an escalation of hostilities between the world’s biggest economic powers, the US justice department charged Huawei and its chief financial officer, Meng Wanzhou, with conspiring to violate sanctions on Iran by doing business with Tehran through a subsidiary it tried to hide. Separately, it said Huawei stole robotic technology from the US carrier T-Mobile.

Wen Ku, a senior official at the ministry of industry and information technology, told reporters in Beijing on Tuesday the indictments were “unfair and immoral”.

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China’s foreign ministry expressed “grave concern” over the latest development and complained that US authorities had “mobilised state power to blacken” some Chinese companies “in an attempt to strangle fair and just operations”. It added that the charges were the result of “strong political motivation and political manipulation”.

It said: “We strongly urge the United States stop the unreasonable suppression of Chinese companies including Huawei and treat Chinese companies fairly and justly.”

Huawei later said it was “disappointed” to learn of the charges and that its efforts to discuss them with US authorities were “rejected without explanation. The company denies that it or its subsidiary or affiliate have committed any of the asserted violations … is not aware of any wrongdoing by Ms Meng, and believes the US courts will ultimately reach the same conclusion,” it added.

The news prompted a slide across Asian stock markets, amid fears the Huawei case could damage the prospects for a long-awaited trade deal between China and the US.

MSCI’s index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan got off to a shaky start with losses accelerating as other regional markets opened. Benchmark indices in Australia and New Zealand were down 0.7% each, while South Korea’s Kospi was off 0.3%. Chinese shares opened in the red too, with the blue-chip index down 0.2%. Japan’s Nikkei 225 index fell 1%, and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index was down 0.8%.

The charges against came just ahead of a two-day meeting between Chinese and US officials aimed at resolving the long-running trade war. Donald Trump will meet China’s top economy envoy, Liu He, during the talks, which start in Washington on Wednesday.

The US treasury secretary, Steven Mnuchin, said he expected “significant progress at these meetings”, despite the cloud Huawei has cast over the talks.

The justice department said Huawei had based its global expansion on “lies and deceit”. It accused the firm and its executives of stealing trade secrets, laundering money, obstructing justice and defrauding banks to elude US sanctions.

Matthew Whitaker, the acting attorney general, said criminal offending at Huawei went “all the way to the top of the company”. He announced that grand juries in Seattle and New York had issued indictments on 23 criminal charges.

The company, which is the world’s biggest manufacturer of telecommunications equipment, has consistently denied wrongdoing.

Huawei is accused by the US of stealing robot technology from T-Mobile for making smartphones. The FBI said it obtained emails showing that in 2013, the company offered bonuses to employees based on the value of information they stole from other companies and sent home via an encrypted email address.

Engineers from Huawei measured and took photographs of the robot, “Tappy”, and even stole a piece of it for replication in China, prosecutors said, and were falsely disowned as rogue employees by the company when they were caught.

The company and Meng are also accused of defrauding banks and lying to the US to get around economic sanctions on Iran. They claimed to have sold an Iranian subsidiary but had actually sold it to themselves, US prosecutors said.

Meng, 46, who is the daughter of the company’s founder, was arrested in Canada on 1 December following a request by the US, which will now seek to extradite her. She is accused of personally making a presentation to a “major banking partner” in which she “repeatedly lied” about the company’s relationship to the subsidiary, Skycom.

Meng is currently under house arrest and the US justice department has until 30 January to file a formal extradition request.

Another senior executive falsely told FBI agents that Huawei did not directly deal with Iranian companies, according to US authorities, and falsely said Huawei complied with all US export laws.

The charges said Huawei had also obstructed justice by concealing or destroying evidence about its Iranian subsidiary, and even moving potential witnesses who knew about the fraud back to China so they could not be reached by US investigators.

Prosecutors said that, as a corporate entity, Huawei could be punished by a fine of three times the value of the stolen trade secret, and up to $500,000 for wire fraud and obstruction of justice.

Meanwhile, Meng’s arrest in Vancouver has provoked the detention and alleged abuse of two Canadian citizens in China, amid a continuing diplomatic row between the two countries.