Did you know that in one hour the sun sends down enough energy through its rays to satisfy the global energy demand for a whole year? That’s a pretty impressive statistic for an energy source that is tragically underused.

It is highly likely that you have heard of solar power – you might even have seen solar panels on the tops of schools, offices and houses. Solar power is one of the world’s most popular forms of renewable energy, not least because the costs associated with generating solar power have plummeted over the past decade or so.

But, do you know the more intricate details of solar power and how it works? If you’re curious to know how this sustainable, green energy source functions read on.

How Do Solar Panels Work?

Let’s start with the basics: how do solar panels work? To put it simply, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity. The panels contain photovoltaic cells and when sunlight hits these cells the electrons are separated from their atoms and flow through the cell. This generates electricity. Most domestic solar panels can convert around 20% of the sunlight they absorb into electricity, while commercial equipment can convert as much as 40%. However, rapid advancement in this area means that these percentages should rise in the near future.

How Much Do Solar Panels Cost?

Initial costs for solar panels are high and this is the main reason why they are not more widespread among households. Start-up costs can be up to £6000 for one household. It can take between seven and 20 years for the panels to pay for themselves by way of energy bill savings, but you will also be doing your bit to save the environment, which is, arguably, priceless. What’s more, once the panels are installed they do no require any further expenditure.

What Else Do You Need to Think about With Solar Panels?

Solar panels are really low maintenance. Most come with a guarantee of 25 years of more and the only thing you need to do regularly is make sure they are clean as they will not absorb as much sunlight if they are dirty. Of course, solar panels are more valuable to those that live in sunny countries. While solar panels can still work on a cloudy day, you want a clear, sunny day for maximum efficiency. The panels should be tilted at a 30 degree angle to the sky and should be away from anything that might cause them to be in the shade, such as trees or other houses.

What If I Generate Too Much Energy?

You may end up generating more power than your house needs. You have two options for dealing with excess energy. You can use an energy storage device to store solar energy for when supply is low, such as during the night and during the winter months. Alternatively, you can sell your excess energy to the grid.

Are There Any Disadvantages to Solar Power?

The disadvantages of solar power are few and far between. There are some that argue that the transportation and installation of solar panels causes unnecessary pollution. Furthermore, some panels contain hazardous materials. However, once installed, the panels release no emissions and cause very little pollution. The main problems with solar panels right now are the initial cost and the fact that they are wholly weather dependent – something we cannot control.

Nevertheless, the future of solar looks bright and scientists are constantly working on ways to increase efficiency whilst bringing down prices.