11/5/18, 6 PM

In 25 hours, the polls will be closed, and all of this will be history.

Elections, as I have said, come down to a lot of things, but in the end they come down to one thing: math.

So let's sort through it, piece by piece. I may repeat some of what I have already said below, so you don't have to get finger cramps scrolling through this data-drenched blog.

First, the baseline to operate from is this, finally updated with the outstanding rural counties:

So the first math problem is to figure out what the likely Dem statewide lead is going into Election Day based on these numbers.

Most national polling shows indies tilting to the Dems late in the game, and most experts here I trust think the same. But let's say that's not so and go with a relatively conservative model and say Dean Heller is losing by 10,000 votes going into Election Day. It could be as many as 30,000 or so, and a midpoint would be 20,000. If he won indies by 10 points in early/mail, Heller may only be down by 5,000 votes or so. (N.B. Polls also show Adam Laxalt now running behind Heller.)

So keep those numbers in mind as we proceed.

First, there are, obviously, a finite number of votes left. Here's how many:

Total: 973,000

Clark: 670,000

Washoe: 147,000

Rurals: 114,000

Total D: 338,000

Total R: 284,000

Total Clark D: 267,000

Total Clark R: 177,000

Total Washoe D: 45,000

Total Washoe R: 52,000

Total rural D: 25,000

Total rural R: 55,000

So first thing you can see from these numbers is that if the Republicans can keep Clark County turnout to a minimum or hold their own, they can make up a lot of ground if the rurals turn out Tuesday.

But is that likely to happen?

Consider the last four cycles and Election Day turnout:

So let's do a conservative Election Day turnout model for Tuesday that favors the GOP:

Now let's look at three scenarios -- one where the ballot margins are the same in each area as early voting; one in which the Dem percentage lead in Clark County is halved (from 11 percent to 5.5 percent) and the rest are the same; and one in which the Clark County Dem lead is halved and both Washoe and the rurals are increased by 5 percent for the GOP. (The last two are either unlikely or highly unlikely.)

So you can see that if Heller is down by 10,000 votes, he needs some dramatic help on Election Day to survive. And he may well be down by more than 10,000 votes. (If he is, by some chance, down by fewer than 10,000 votes, he obviously has a much better chance.)

Let's look at it a different way by simply looking at D and R turnout. Here again are the total remaining votes:

Total D: 338,000

Total R: 284,000

Look at the various scenarios:

What this tells you is that if the Rs win Election Day by 5 percent, that will almost surely not be enough. If they win by 10 percent, which would be extraordinary, it could be.

How extraordinary?

In 2014, the year of the red wave in Nevada, the GOP won Election Day by 7 points.

The Dems won Election Day in 2012 (by 4 points) and 2016 (by 2,000 votes). But it's worth noting, the Dems actually lost in actual votes on Election Day two years ago and had 3.5 points shaved off their ballot lead, partly because of a bad run with the 100,000 or so indies who turned out. And herein, maybe more so than rural turnout, which cannot offset Clark turnout and the Washoe break-even, is Heller's hope -- and that of other statewide Republicans.

There are still 300,000 or so non-major-party-voters out there. Let's say 30 percent turn out (that would be high) or 90,000 voters. If Heller and other Republicans can win them by double digits, he has a chance.

I should say that no data exists to say that is happening. Quite the contrary. But Nevada has bucked national trends before -- and so has....Heller (see 2012).

WHAT TO WATCH FOR TUESDAY EVENING

As I have been saying, watch when the first Clark results pop up between 7 PM and 8:30 PM, the tally of the early and mail ballots. If Heller is behind by 10 percentage points or more, he is probably going to lose. Washoe is unlikely to save him this time -- check those first numbers from there, too -- and there probably aren't enough votes left in the rurals. But if he is behind by single digits in Clark, a rural surge could put him over the top.

One note specific to the governor's race: While Heller lost Clark by almost 10 and won Washoe by 20,000 votes the last time he squeaked by, Laxalt lost Clark by almost 20,000 votes (only 6 points) and Washoe by 2,000 votes but swamped Ross Miller in the rurals to win. So watch his Clark numbers, too, this time: If Steve Sisolak does not have a double-digit lead, he could be in trouble.

That's all he wrote, folks. For now. If you find math errors or typos, you know where to find me.

Don't forget to tune into IndyTV tomorrow starting at 6:30 PM for numbers and analysis.

11/3/18, 5 PM

I will have in-depth extrapolations about Election Day turnout coming soon, but a few things before I make my predictions official in a column:

The numbers (still no five rurals) show the Dems with a 3.5 percent lead -- I always thought 3 percent might be enough of a cushion.

One of the great things about doing this blog -- and this happens more every year -- is fellow data geeks tweet stuff at me that is very useful and has data points I don't have time to extract.

For instance:

From John R. Samuelsen, a PhD candidate at the University of Arkansas, who has been tracking Nevada for two weeks:

From longtime political reporter Reid Wilson, backing up Samuelsen's conclusions:

From Joel Wertheimer, a civil rights attorney and former Obama staff secretary:

That last one will be instructive as I extrapolate the Tuesday vote tomorrow and/or Monday. The point is simple: There are not nearly as many votes out there on Election Day as we have seen so far.

Overall turnout is about 40 percent now; Dems are at 43.6 percent, Rs at 45.6 percent and the rest at just under 30 percent.

I expected about 600,000 to vote early, so I was close (630,000). It's clear, even though this is an odd election, a hybrid of a midterm and a presidential and about 80 percent of the latter, that turnout Tuesday will be between 20 percent and 30 percent of the state's 1.5 million active voters.

That means between 300,000 and 450,000 voters can be expected to go to the polls. The latter seems awfully high -- that would be a 72 percent turnout. But the former may be a little low -- 62 percent. Maybe the midpoint -- 375,000 -- is the best guess. That would be 67 percent, still high for a midterm.

I'll start looking at various scenarios soon. Now for those predictions....

11/3/18, 11 AM

As I prepare to do some modeling of Election Day later, here is a look at the relationship in the last four cycles between early/mail voting and Election Day, as well as the total turnout for those cycles. As you can see, while there is no obvious pattern, what is true is that the percentage of early/mail goes up in presidential years over midterms. This has been a hybrid so far -- more than three-quarters of 2016 turnout -- so we can expect Election Day to be one, too.

In chart form:

One other thing: I had forgotten there were some precincts that vote by mail because they are so small -- they accounted for a few thousand votes the last two cycles. The Republicans have about a 900-vote lead there so far, so that will reduce the statewide lead to closer to 22,000, or 3.6 percent.

I'll update the statewide numbers when those other rurals come in.

11/3/18, 9:00 AM

RATINGS BASED ON EARLY/MAIL NUMBERS:

U.S. Senate: Slight lean D

Gov: Slight lean D

CD3: Slight lean D

CD4: Likely D

State Senate: D at least 12, chance at 14

Assembly: D at least 26, chance at 28

Democrats had their best last day of any midterm in history, with waves in Clark and Washoe that boosted the urban firewall to close to 50,000 -- 47,000 in Clark and 1,800 in Washoe. The rurals (not all are in) cut into that lead by almost 2,000 voted Friday, but the 9,000-ballot edge in Clark (almost 20 percent win) and 1,000-ballot edge in Washoe far outstripped the usual rural hemorrhaging.

The statewide lead, once the rurals all report, will be about D+23,000, or 3.7 percent. The Clark lead is now 45-34, or just two points under the reg edge, so if there is not much base-bleeding and if indies are not going big for the Repubs, Steve Sisolak and Jacky Rosen will have double-digit leads coming out of Clark.

Washoe seems very, very unlikely to help Repubs (Dean Heller won it by 20,000 votes during his 2012 miracle win), and the rurals are not very far above their actual percentage of the state vote -- about half a percent -- to do enough damage on Election Day (this ain't 2016) unless there are a LOT of folks in those 15 counties who waited. It's possible, just not likely.

The bottom line: Republicans need a really good day Tuesday to stop Democrats from at least a pastel blue wave and it may get to navy blue if the Dems hold their own on Election Day. It appears that these elections are breaking for the Dems at the end.

If I were Dean Heller, who has bucked large firewalls before (see 2012) and Adam Laxalt, I would be worried.

To the numbers (with only five rurals outstanding):

The models show the difficulty for statewide Republicans:

---If Dean Heller and Jacky Rosen are holding 90 percent of their bases and getting 5 percent of the other's and each is getting 45 percent of indies: Rosen is ahead by nearly 20,000 votes, or 3.1 percent..

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-45 with indies: He is losing by almost 13,000 votes, or 2.1 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-45 with indies: She is ahead by more than 26,000 votes, or 4.2 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-40 with indies: He is losing by 5,500 votes, or about 1 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-40 with indies: She is ahead by almost 32,000 votes, or 5 percent.

So you see how well Heller will need to do on Election Day, unless he is ahead with indies by a lot.

The Clark deep dive shows Dem gains went all the way down and were significant:

CD3 (Danny Tarkanian vs. Susie Lee): Dems +4,500 (2.3 percent), Dems gained significantly. This is lean D now, but Tark still has a chance because this is an R-performing district (Trump won by 1).

CD4 (Steven Horsford vs. Cresent Hardy): Dems +17,000 (13 percent) in the Clark part, which is more than 80 percent of the district. Hardy needs a rural miracle.

SUPERMAJORITY WATCH (Dems need to sweep the three competitive state Senate races and net one in Assembly): Dems are going to win a state Senate seat (Becky Harris's), and the GOP is poised to pick up only one Assembly seat but could lose two others.

SD8 (Republican Valerie Weber vs. Democrat Marilyn Dondero Loop)— Dems+600. Big Dem gain. Lean Dem. But far from over.

SD9 (Republican Tiffany Jones vs. Democrat Melanie Scheible) — +3,000 Dems. Say hello to Sen. Scheible.

SD20 (Republican Keith Pickard vs. Democrat Julie Pazina) — +600 Dems, big D gain. Slight lean D.

Supermajority in sight unless GOP turns it around Tuesday. Still possible if indies breaking GOP way.

In the key Assembly districts, the GOP is favored for one Washoe pickup to get to 16 seats but two of their Clark seats look increasingly in jeopardy and the Dems all look safe from these numbers. The Dems only need to net one to get to a supermajority, and what's worse for GOP is the big day on Friday put some Lean R seats back into play.

AD2 (Republican John Hambrick* vs. Democrat Jennie Sherwood)— GOP +200, big D gain. Goes from likely R to lean R.

AD4 (Republican Richard McArthur* vs. Democrat Connie Munk) — Dem +75. Tossup.

AD21 (Republican Cherlyn Arrington vs. Democrat Ozzie Fumo*)— Dems +1,000, about the same. Likely D.

AD22 (Republican Melissa Hardy vs. Democrat Kristee Watson) — GOP +500, about same. Likely R.

AD29 (Republican Stephen Silberkraus vs. Democrat Lesley Cohen*) — Dems +1,000, D gain. Likely D.

AD31 (Jill Dickman vs. Skip Daly*) -- GOP +550 (no new numbers yet). Strong lean R.

AD35 (Republican David Schoen vs. Democrat Michelle Gorelow and indie Daniel Hofstein) — Dems +1,600, D gain. Likely D.

AD37 (Republican Jim Marchant* vs. Democrat Shea Backus) — Dems+150, D gain. Toss-up.

AD41 (Republican Paris Wade vs. Democrat Sandra Jauregui*) — Dem +1,100,D gain. Likely D.

Supermajority possible here, too, but still unlikely unless GOP does not win Election Day.

That's it for now. I will do some modeling and extrapolations of various Election Day scenarios later this weekend.

11/2/18, 4 PM

Some late-afternoon musings before we get to the point in the day where we wait impatiently for results to come in and to distract me from the trolls in my Twitter feed who are Nevadasplaining to me or insisting that 2016 is a proper benchmark for what is happening this cycle:

This early voting fortnight has been so fascinating to watch and is unlike any I have covered. There has not been any obvious pattern, the Washoe numbers are striking and the rural margins are eye-opening.

What is most clear is that this is not 2014, the Democratic disaster because of a red wave that washed away the party's bench. But the two huge upsets -- Ross Miller losing for AG and Steven Horsford for Congress -- were still nail-biters despite the overwhelming wave. The Reid Machine, still overseen by Reidites and some talented young folks, has been gassed up this cycle, probably achieving a 10 percent-plus ballot lead for the Dems in the South., where two-thirds of the votes will come.

On the other side this cycle, there has been imitation and the sincerest form of flattery: The Republicans are very cleverly running a rural-focused turnout program, complete with a ton of absentee ballots, a copycat of the Democrats' efforts every two years to bank votes in their stronghold before Election Day. Of course, Republicans can never compete with the volume in Clark County, but by ensuring the rurals would give them a huge lead in early and mail voting, the GOP has stayed in the game. And while the margin in Clark will be very large for a midterm, it has not gotten so big that the game is over before Election Day, as it has been in the last three presidentials.

(Bad time to remind Dems that the only major candidate to buck those trends was Dean Heller, and he has never lost a race?)

The seminal question of this election here is at what cost has the GOP played the Democrats' game? That is, there is evidence in the data, sources tell me, that the Republicans have turned out a lot of folks who are reliable voters, the kind who usually turn out on Election Day. Meanwhile, there also is evidence that Democratic-supporting groups, such as NextGen and Win Justice, have turned out many more infrequent voters than have ever cast early ballots before. And the Democrats have matched the GOP absentee ballot campaign in Clark and now lead there in mail returned.

This is a dynamic we have not seen before where the GOP, which always has a solid turnout edge in midterms, has to draw from a less reliable pool than usual on Tuesday while the Democrats have a larger inveterate universe than they usually do that has not voted.

Yes, the Republicans will be in better shape than they were in 2016. But this is not only apples to oranges despite the higher turnout for a midterm (three-quarters of 2016), it misses the atmospherics going on around the country: It's the reverse of 2016, when the Democrats had banked all of those votes but the Republicans had all the momentum going into Election Day and slashed more than half of the early lead. This year, the Democrats appear to have the wind at their backs, but will it be enough to offset the usual GOP midterm and Election Day advantage?

The other mystery is the 100,000-plus non-major-party voters, who went for the GOP in 2016 and have tended to be more conservative. Reliable polling is contradictory on this, with some showing them going for Dems this time and others for the Repubs. And it's not just about which way they are leaning; it's by how much.

Here's what I know among the unknowns: The Democrats are slightly better positioned right now, but both parties are nervous about Election Day and both still believe they can win the races for governor or Senate.

The composition of the early voting electorate indicates an advantage for the Democrats. But if the Republicans can win Election Day by a decisive margin, the top two contests could be very, very close.

Now we wait....

11/2/18, 1:45 PM

Of course, just as I posted the last update, the SOS updated the remaining rurals. As I expected, 14,500 lead for Dems, or 2.6 percent.

The models don't change much with added votes, so I won't do them again. Same outlines hold: Heller needs to win indies by double digits or Rosen must be losing her base more than he is for him to be ahead.

11/2/18, 1:15 PM

A glance at the models, knowing that the Dem leads will be slightly reduced once Lyon comes in:

---If Dean Heller and Jacky Rosen are holding 90 percent of their bases and getting 5 percent of the other's and each is getting 45 percent of indies: Rosen is ahead by nearly 13,000 votes, or 2.3 percent..

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-45 with indies: He is losing by almost 7,000 votes, or 1.3 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-45 with indies: She is ahead by more than 18,000 votes, or 3.3 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-40 with indies: He is losing by 1,500 votes, or .3 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-40 with indies: She is ahead by almost 24,000 votes, or 4.3 percent.

The NYT model, which had Heller by 2 and was based on a turnout of 736,000 (it will be much higher) and estimated Rosen would win by 4 if it got close to a million voters, has an interesting result if the numbers are plugged in. ( The NYT poll found each will get 87 percent of the base -- Rosen would get 5 percent of GOP and Heller 6 percent of Democrats -- and Heller wins indies, 49-40:

Heller is up by 3,500 votes, without accounting for the 8 percent undecided in the poll.

For what it's worth....

11/02/18, 12:15 PM

Turnout was 10,400 in Clark at 11:30, so it's going to be a big day. I'd say 30,000 at least, maybe 35-40,000.

Latest numbers, with another Dem victory in absentees in Clark and all the rurals reporting but Lyon and three without many votes, put the Clark firewall at almost 38,000 and the statewide Dem lead just under 15,000, or 2.7 percent:

Here is what the regional shares of the vote look like -- and they have remained steady:

Clark at 67.3 percent, or about 3 points under its actual registration percentage of the total.

Washoe at 19.4 percent, or 2.2 points above its actual reg.

Rurals are at 13.3 percent, or .6 percent above their share.

So the rurals are not overperforming in terms of turnout by that much (actual turnout is at 37 percent of all voters there so far), but the margin there (57-24) is more than 3 points better than the actual registration difference between Rs and Ds. So there is hope here for the GOP that there will be a lot of rural votes to turn out Tuesday to get that percentage up -- it was up 3.5 points in 2014 and Clark was down 6. Those numbers are nothing close to what this cycle is producing.

In Clark, Dems have a 10 point lead, or 3 points under the reg difference. Turnout in Clark is 34 percent.

In Washoe, it is less than 1 point for the Dems, or 3 points above the reg difference. Turnout in Washoe is almost 40 percent.

Washoe may end up being the key to all with its higher than average turnout and higher than expected Dem advantage. If that translates on Election Day, then the GOP will have to perform even better in the rurals to win those top two races and the Dem firewall in Clark will not have to be quite as high for them to win.

For chart-lovers:

Overall turnout:

D turnout 38.2 percent R turnout 40.8 percent O turnout 25.4 percent

So the Republicans have a 2.6 percent advantage, not enough to neutralize the Democratic registration edge. The rurals are keeping them alive in the top two races, and we will know in a few hours just what the numbers are going into Election Day.

An odd midterm....

11/02/18, 6:55 AM

RATINGS BASED ON EARLY/MAIL NUMBERS:

U.S. Senate: Toss-up

Gov: Toss-up

CD3: Slight lean D

CD4: Likely D

State Senate: D at least 12, chance at 14

Assembly: D at least 26, chance at 28

----

Welcome to the final day of early voting, which could last to as long as midnight.

The Democrats are hoping for a repeat of Day 13 today, when they boosted Clark turnout to its highest total so far (31,400) and added more than 4,000 to the southern firewall. That puts it at 37,500, almost guaranteeing they get to 40,000, which I have said from the beginning would give them some comfort and give Republicans heartburn. It's not a guarantee of victory, but with Washoe a wash, that would mean there has to have been little cannibalization of the rural vote and a huge Election Day turnout there for the GOP to have a good chance.

Some of you may wonder -- and I have talked about this before -- how predictive the Clark firewall is of results. The answer: Very. I have specific history from a couple of years (trying to get others, but trend is similar), which shows the pattern:

2010: Firewall was 25,000, or 9 percent; those tallied ballots showed Harry Reid with a 34,000-vote early vote lead over Sharron Angle, or 12 points.

2012: Firewall was 71,000, or 15 percent; those tallied ballots showed Barack Obama with a 70,000-vote early vote lead over Mitt Romney, or 14 points. Shelley Berkley was ahead of Dean Heller by 50,000 votes, or almost 11 points.

Reid's lead was a little larger than the early vote numbers because Angle was such a terrible candidate and the machine was clicking. But the Obama-Romney numbers had a close correlation and the shrinkage in the Senate race signaled it would be very, very close. (Heller survived because he won Washoe County by 20,000 votes. That will not happen this time.)

You can see why I say that Democratic candidates need to win Clark County by at least 10 points to feel comfortable they can offset what happens in the other 16 counties. Dems holding their own in Washoe leaves GOP candidates less margin for error and puts a lot of pressure on the rurals on Election Day.

Let's see what happens today, but a 40,000-ballot firewall would be about 10 percent of the early/mail vote in Clark. Will it be enough?

Here's where we are now, with nine rurals yet to report, including Lyon, which has been massive for the GOP -- so these numbers will be reduced by a few hundred votes:

Dem statewide lead is 15,000 -- probably be about 14,500 after all Thursday votes counted -- or 2.7 percent. That's not huge, but it means that indies need to be breaking for the GOP by double digits or there must be severe Dem base bleeding for Dean Heller and Adam Laxalt to win. It's possible, but as that firewall grows, the margin for error diminishes.

If the Dems do today in Clark what they have done in the last four cycles -- have their best showing of the fortnight -- that means the statewide lead will go up by two or three thousand voters.

So Election Day turnout -- usually only 30 percent in a midterm, but conceivably higher in this one -- is still the known unknown. Are there fine old cannibals voting in the rurals (If you don't know the reference, I'm sorry.) who usually would have voted on Election Day, and are younger, minority voters going to continue to surge today and Tuesday?

If so, the small wave becomes big. If not, it will be a long night.

The Clark deep dive:

CD3 (Danny Tarkanian vs. Susie Lee): Dems +2,900 (1.7 percent), Dems gained significantly. Not quite Lean D yet, but getting there.

CD4 (Steven Horsford vs. Cresent Hardy): Dems +14,000 (12 percent) in the Clark part, which is more than 80 percent of the district. Hardy needs a rural miracle.

---SUPERMAJORITY WATCH (Dems need to sweep the three competitive state Senate races and net one in Assembly): Dems are going to win a state Senate seat (Becky Harris's), and the GOP is poised to pick up only one Assembly seat but could lose two others.

SD8 (Republican Valerie Weber vs. Democrat Marilyn Dondero Loop)— Dems+250. Small Dem gain. Toss-up, but Dem lead starting to grow.

SD9 (Republican Tiffany Jones vs. Democrat Melanie Scheible) — +2,500 Dems. Say hello to Sen. Scheible.

SD20 (Republican Keith Pickard vs. Democrat Julie Pazina) — +350 Dems, slight D gain. Slight lean D.

Remember these are all GOP-held and all open seats (Patty Farley was elected as one, at least), and if the Dems take them all, they have a supermajority. They are all but assured of getting to 12, and if those numbers continue to grow in SD20, it will be at least 13.

In the key Assembly districts, the GOP is favored for one Washoe pickup to get to 16 seats but two of their Clark seats look increasingly in jeopardy and the Dems all look safe from these numbers. The Dems only need to net one to get to a supermajority.

AD2 (Republican John Hambrick* vs. Democrat Jennie Sherwood)— GOP +350, no change. Likely R.

AD4 (Republican Richard McArthur* vs. Democrat Connie Munk) — GOP +100, About the same. Rs starting to sweat this one, moving to toss-up.

AD21 (Republican Cherlyn Arrington vs. Democrat Ozzie Fumo*)— Dems +1,000, Ds gained. Likely D.

AD22 (Republican Melissa Hardy vs. Democrat Kristee Watson) — GOP +500, Rs gain. Likely R.

AD29 (Republican Stephen Silberkraus vs. Democrat Lesley Cohen*) — Dems +900, same. Likely D.

AD31 (Jill Dickman vs. Skip Daly*) -- GOP +550 (no new numbers yet). Strong lean R.

AD35 (Republican David Schoen vs. Democrat Michelle Gorelow and indie Daniel Hofstein) — Dems +1,200, D gain. Likely D.

AD37 (Republican Jim Marchant* vs. Democrat Shea Backus) — About even. Toss-up.

AD41 (Republican Paris Wade vs. Democrat Sandra Jauregui*) — Dem +900,D gain. Likely D.

It's all about Republicans Jim Marchant and Richard McArthur, who could lose and give the Dems a supermajority. The rest are all but over unless there are very strange down-ballot voting patterns. I suppose it's possible, but I am sure Dems are hopeful, and Republicans are triaging Marchant and McArthur.

More later with updated models and numbers....

11/01/18, 10:30 PM

Big day in Clark for Dems as 31,000 turnout yields a more than 4,000 ballot edge -- southern firewall now at 37,500-plus. Rurals subtracted at least 1,000 ballots from that already and probably will take a little more -- but population matters and Dems are likely to have a 10-point lead in Clark by Friday evening.

In Washoe, Dems picked up a few votes, lead by just under 700. All Dems wanted there was a draw, and they are going to get one even if GOP has a good day Friday.

If Dems have a similarly big day Friday, tremendous pressure on Republicans to have big Election Day.

Blog ya in the AM, people....

11/01/18, 5:00 PM

By the numbers:

----Turnout by party:

D turnout 34.7 percent R turnout 37.3 percent O turnout 22.6 percent

So Ds are about 3.5 points under registration, Repubs are almost 4 points above theirs and indies are about 5.5 points below theirs.

I repeat: This is why the Democrats strive to establish a registration edge because they know GOP turnout will be higher. The question is how much higher. They don't want the edge to grow much larger than it is right now.

Here's how it looks in each county:

----Turnout by region:

Clark Washoe Rurals 67.2 percent 19.2 percent 13.5 percent

Actual registration percentages as part of whole:

Clark Washoe Rurals 70.1 percent 17.2 percent 12.7 percent

So Clark is nearly 3 points lower than its reg, Washoe is up 2 points and the rurals are up less than a point.

This, too, always happens in midterms, but was especially disastrous in 2014 when Clark was down 6 points and the rurals were up 3.5 points. That will not happen this cycle.

But the question remains: What will Election Day look like? Will Clark's share go up or down? Have the rurals reached their peak with all of these votes and absentees, or can they do as well as they usually do on Election Day? And will the Washoe turnout, which favors Democrats, be the decider?

---Turnout in Clark was at 17,300 at 3 PM, so it's unlikely to get much more than 25,000 today. That would break a trend from the last four cycles in which the last two days were the largest days in Clark. The Dems really wanted to make a good showing on Day One this year after the 2014 debacle and 30,000-plus turned out. Is it possible they are cannibalizing some of the Clark vote?

Here's a look at Clark daily turnout since 2010:

The Dems were going to need big margins the last two days to get to a 40,000-ballot cushion. It may be too steep a hill to climb if turnout doesn't get much past 25,000 today.

11/01/18, 12 PM

RATINGS BASED ON EARLY/MAIL NUMBERS:

U.S. Senate: Toss-up

Gov: Toss-up

CD3: Toss-up

CD4: Likely D

State Senate: D at least 12, chance at 14

Assembly: D at least 26, chance at 28

Everything but tiny Storey County is in, and Dem statewide lead is 12,250, or 2.5 percent:

(Note: At 1 PM, I made slight adjustments to the totals above -- nothing significant -- because of SOS adjustments.)

This has a degree of sameness the last few days, with Democrats maintaining a small ballot and percentage lead statewide as the Clark firewall slowly grows and the rurals offset to a degree.

But one point to remember: Even as the percentage lead for the Dems has stayed constant or gone down a little, the raw ballot leads in some of the models have inched up. And there will be fewer votes to make up any disadvantages on Election Day, which is a significant hurdle for any Republicans who are behind.

There are two main questions remaining, with no easy answers and we may or may not know more by tomorrow evening when early voting ends:

----How are indies voting: Is it like 2016 when they went by small double digits to the top GOP candidates? Or will they lean toward the party out of power, as they are in some polling, because of the president? See the models below for what the impact could be.

----How many votes will be left after Friday? There weren't enough left after early/mail voting in 2010 to save Sharron Angle, in 2014 to save any Democrats and in 2016 to save most Republicans. But two years ago, the Dems needed a 70,000-plus firewall to survive an Election Day onslaught, which Hillary and Catherine Cortez Masto did. I still think most 2016 comparisons are invalid despite the high turnout. But partisans will be partisan, so some Republicans are hoping the comparison is valid. The question distilled is simple: Will a 3 percent or so ballot lead, with bases holding and no huge advantage either way, be enough for Democrats to hold on?

The models:

---If Dean Heller and Jacky Rosen are holding 90 percent of their bases and getting 5 percent of the other's and each is getting 45 percent of indies: Rosen is ahead by 10,700 votes, or 2.1 percent..

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-45 with indies: He is losing by almost 6,000 votes, or 1.2 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-45 with indies: She is ahead by almost 16,000 votes, or 3.1 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-40 with indies: He is losing by 800 votes, or .2 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-40 with indies: She is ahead by almost 22,000 votes, or 4.1 percent.

Bottom line: As I told you, if Heller is not winning indies and both are holding their bases, Rosen may have an insurmountable lead going into Election Day. If the senator wins them by 9 points overall, as the NYT poll showed he was at the time (three weeks ago), it could be quite close. (NYT had him winning 47-45, but those 8 percent undecided are key. Could most go to "none of the above" this year?)

In the governor's race, we still don't know what the Ryan Bundy factor is and how much, if at all, he will hurt Adam Laxalt. He has been at as much as 6 percent in some polls. But say he is getting half of that right now. That would mean he has more than 15,000 votes already. Think about that.

The Clark deep dive:

CD3 (Danny Tarkanian vs. Susie Lee): Dems +2,300 (1.5 percent), Dems gained a little. Tark is still in it.

CD4 (Steven Horsford vs. Cresent Hardy): Dems +12,000 (11.2 percent) in the Clark part, which is more than 80 percent of the district. I don't see how Election Day saves Hardy.

---The legislative numbers in the key districts – Dems are going to pick up a state Senate seat (Becky Harris's), and the GOP is poised to pick up only one Assembly seat but could lose others.

SD8 (Republican Valerie Weber vs. Democrat Marilyn Dondero Loop)— Dems+200. Small Dem gain. Toss-up.

SD9 (Republican Tiffany Jones vs. Democrat Melanie Scheible) — +2,200 Dems. Keeps going up. This is gone for GOP.

SD20 (Republican Keith Pickard vs. Democrat Julie Pazina) — +300 Dems, GOP shaved 100 off lead Wednesday. Slight lean D.

Remember these are all GOP-held and all open seats (Patty Farley was elected as one, at least), and if the Dems take them all, they have a supermajority. They look almost assured of getting to 12, and if those numbers continue to grow in SD20, it will be at least 13.

In the key Assembly districts, it still looks like GOP favored for one pickup to get to 16 seats but two of their seats look increasingly in jeopardy and the Dems all look safe from these numbers. The Dems only need to net one to get to a supermajority.

AD2 (Republican John Hambrick* vs. Democrat Jennie Sherwood)— GOP +350, Ds gain. Likely R.

AD4 (Republican Richard McArthur* vs. Democrat Connie Munk) — GOP +100, About the same. Rs starting to sweat this one, moving to toss-up.

AD21 (Republican Cherlyn Arrington vs. Democrat Ozzie Fumo*)— Dems +825, Ds gained. Likely D.

AD22 (Republican Melissa Hardy vs. Democrat Kristee Watson) — GOP +400, Rs gain. Likely R.

AD29 (Republican Stephen Silberkraus vs. Democrat Lesley Cohen*) — Dems +900, slight gain. Likely D.

AD31 (Jill Dickman vs. Skip Daly*) -- GOP +550 (no new numbers yet). Strong lean R.

AD35 (Republican David Schoen vs. Democrat Michelle Gorelow and indie Daniel Hofstein) — Dems +1,000, small D gain. Likely D.

AD37 (Republican Jim Marchant* vs. Democrat Shea Backus) — About even, D gain. Toss-up.

AD41 (Republican Paris Wade vs. Democrat Sandra Jauregui*) — Dem +800,D gain. Likely D.

11/01/18, 7:00 AM

I'll have the race ratings posted again up top once I see Clark detail, but here's where we are with some rurals (as usual) not in, although Nye, Douglas, Elko and Carson City are:

----Nearly half a million people have voted. That's about a third of active voters. I still think we get to 600,000 or so by the end of the day Friday, which means that Election Day turnout could bring the total up to at least 900,000 or even 1 million.

I will start doing extrapolations for various Nov. 6 scenarios soon. Will it be 40 percent, as in traditional midterms, or 30 percent, as in a presidential year? Hard to tell because this is NOT a normal year.

---After Lyon reports, the Dems will have a lead of slightly under 13,000 votes statewide, or about 2.6 percent. That percentage has been shrinking by a tenth of a percent daily for a few days, thanks to the rurals. If the Dems can get to 3 percent by the end of the day tomorrow, that would take a big GOP Election Day to overcome. If the GOP can move that number under 2.5 percent by the end of the day Friday, it might take less of an effort on Nov. 6 for their statewide candidates to win.

Caveats: We don't know how indies are breaking. If they are breaking for the GOP, they need less of an effort on Nov. 6; if they are breaking for the Dems, it will take a huge day. And if either party is losing more than 10 percent off their bases, that's going to have an impact, too.

Who is more likely to cross over this year? Are there more Heller-Sisolak voters or Rosen-Laxalt voters? My guess is the former, but I doubt it's a huge number.

----Reminder of Wednesday numbers for you lazy non-scrollers: Dems by 2,300 in Clark (have not seen absentee numbers yet), GOP by 60 votes or so in Washoe and the usual rural landslides so far. Clark firewall at 33,000, so 40,000 will be difficult but possible if two big days. The Dems are going to do no worse than a wash in Washoe, which has to make the GOP nervous. And the rural lead is going to be 25,000 or so for the GOP by the end of early voting.

----Bottom line: The top two races still seem too close to call unless the internals of the election are very odd (big lead for one party among indies, major base bleeding). There is no wave at the top, but there is a mini-wave down the ticket because of the Clark numbers as the Dems have all but locked up CD4 and one state Senate seat while having a shot at supermajorities in both houses. (The GOP is going to take an Assembly seat in the North, it appears, so the Dems will have to take two GOP seats in the South for a supermajority.)

I'll have the models and Clark deep dive and more later, fellow ravenous data-eaters.....

11/01/18, 6:15 AM

Mini-update: Washoe's site is not updated, but apparently reported results to SOS, which shows Wednesday was essentially a draw when early and absentee ballots are counted. Dems lost about 60 votes off their lead, still have almost a 700-vote cushion.

More later....

10/31/18, 10:00 PM

Dems won Clark by 10 percentage points, adding 2,300 to total, pushing ballot lead to about 33,000 (no absentees until AM). So 35,000 is a lock, 40,000 would require an average of 3,500 added Thursday and Friday. Unlikely.

Washoe is a mess. County uploaded a data file and labeled it 10/31, but with no totals listed on the site. At first I didn't notice after downloading that it was actually labeled 10/30 on the Excel file, which is an odd error. No numbers yet, so may have to sleep not knowing the Wednesday outcome.

Two. More. Days.

10/31/18, 6:15 PM

I have updated the chart on county by county turnout, thanks to an excellent suggestion from one of my Twitter followers (Carlos Nai), to show you the percentage every county is bringing to the turnout.

After Clark (67 percent) and Washoe (19 per cent), the top six include Carson City (2.5 percent), Douglas (2.5 percent), Lyon (2.1 percent) and Nye (2.1 percent).

Most of the 15 rurals are barely visible in the chart, but those four and Churchill (1.1 percent) and Elko (1.5 percent) make up almost all of the 20,000-vote lead the Republicans have in the rurals.

10/31/18, 3:30 PM

Lyon is in, statewide lead down below 12,000, or 2.6 percent. Here's what it looks like in a chart -- check out those huge numbers in Elko, Lyon, Douglas and Nye, which are helping the GOP win the state a few days during early voting:

10/31/18, 11 AM

RATINGS BASED ON EARLY/MAIL NUMBERS:

U.S. Senate: Toss-up

Gov: Toss-up

CD3: Toss-up

CD4: Heavy lean D

State Senate: D at least 12, chance at 14

Assembly: D at least 26, chance at 28

Lyon is only county not in and will probably put Dem lead under 12,000 for the state, but here is where we are:

The rurals have negated the Clark County advantage the last couple of days, allowing the Repubs to gain ground. Lead is only 2.6 percent now; it had been close to 3 percent.

The story is coming down to this: Dems probably hope to get to at least a 3 percent statewide lead by the end of the week and then hope to hold their own on Election Day. If the Clark firewall is big enough, there will not be enough rural votes on Election Day to offset them.

The Dems surely cannot afford the hemorrhaging (losing 3.5 points) on Election Day as they suffered in 2016. But there were likely many more votes on Election Day two years ago than there will be this cycle. Republicans, if they can keep it to 3 points after early voting and win indies, will still have a reasonable chance on Election Day to win the top two races.

Here's what the models show (new CNN poll shows Rosen plus 3 and Sisolak plus 1, but my usual caveats apply) as they tightened a bit with raw votes the same but the additional votes making the percentages shrink slightly:

---If Dean Heller and Jacky Rosen are holding 90 percent of their bases and getting 5 percent of the other's and each is getting 45 percent of indies: Rosen is ahead by 10,000 votes, or 2.2 percent..

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-45 with indies: He is losing by 6,000 votes, or almost 1.3 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-45 with indies: She is ahead by almost 15,000 votes, or 3.2 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-40 with indies: He is losing by 1,300 votes, or .3 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-40 with indies: She is ahead by 19,000 votes, or 4.2 percent.

Bottom line: Heller better be winning among indies, as the 2016 GOP top of the ticket candidates were or he is almost surely behind right now. And that's assuming he is holding 9 out of 10 Republicans (which is what the CNN poll showed).

The Clark deep dive:

CD3 (Danny Tarkanian vs. Susie Lee): Dems +2,100 (1.5 percent), GOP gained a little. Tark is still in it.

CD4 (Steven Horsford vs. Cresent Hardy): Dems +11,500 (11.5 percent) in the Clark part, which is more than 80 percent of the district. I don't see how Election Day saves Hardy.

---The legislative numbers in the key districts – Dems are going to pick up a state Senate seat (this is Becky Harris' seat not Patty Farley's, as I previously said) and the GOP is poised to pick up only one Assembly seat but could lose others.

SD8 (Republican Valerie Weber vs. Democrat Marilyn Dondero Loop)— Dems+150, About the same. Toss-up.

SD9 (Republican Tiffany Jones vs. Democrat Melanie Scheible) — +1,900, Dems. Same. This one seems impossible for the GOP.

SD20 (Republican Keith Pickard vs. Democrat Julie Pazina) — +400 Dems, no change. Starting to lean D a touch.

Remember these are all GOP-held and all open seats (Patty Farley was elected as one, at least), and if the Dems take them all, they have a supermajority. They look almost assured of getting to 12, and if those numbers continue to grow in SD20, it will be at least 13.

In the key Assembly districts, it still looks like GOP favored for one pickup to get to 16 seats but two of their seats look increasingly in jeopardy and the Dems all look safe from these numbers. The Dems only need to net one to get to a supermajority.

AD2 (Republican John Hambrick* vs. Democrat Jennie Sherwood)— GOP +400, Rs gain. Likely R.

AD4 (Republican Richard McArthur* vs. Democrat Connie Munk) — GOP +125, About the same. Lean R.

AD21 (Republican Cherlyn Arrington vs. Democrat Ozzie Fumo*)— Dems +800, Ds gained. Likely D.

AD22 (Republican Melissa Hardy vs. Democrat Kristee Watson) — GOP +300, Rs gain. Lean R.

AD29 (Republican Stephen Silberkraus vs. Democrat Lesley Cohen*) — Dems +775, slight gain. Likely D.

AD31 (Jill Dickman vs. Skip Daly*) -- GOP +550, big gain. Strong lean R.

AD35 (Republican David Schoen vs. Democrat Michelle Gorelow and indie Daniel Hofstein) — Dems +950, big D gain. Likely D.

AD37 (Republican Jim Marchant* vs. Democrat Shea Backus) — GOP +40, D gain. Toss-up.

AD41 (Republican Paris Wade vs. Democrat Sandra Jauregui*) — Dem +700,D gain. Likely D.

10/31/18, 7:00 AM

Happy Nevada Day!

Not all the votes are tallied (Lyon and Elko are out and will reduce the Dem lead by a few hundred votes), but here is where we are:

By the time those outstanding rurals are counted, about 460,000 people will have voted, or just under 30 percent of active voters. The Democrats will have a statewide lead of a little more than 12,000 votes, or steady at 2.7 percent.

Will that be enough for Steve Sisolak and Jacky Rosen? Or can Election Day save Adam Laxalt and Dean Heller?

Here's what both sides have to be thinking: It's going to be close.

I still think the Democrats have to like their position slightly more than the Republicans because of that lead and because they think they can do well on Election Day with the GOP is using up more of its inveterate voters during the early voting fortnight. But I assure you they are not confident.

This may be three-quarters of 2016 in terms of turnout, but it is not a presidential year where the Democrats -- as they did in 2012 and 2008, actually -- built up firewalls in the South that all but predetermined which presidential nominee would win the state. They will have a firewall -- at least 35,000 and as much as 40,000 -- but it will not be as large as a presidential year.

Recent Clark firewalls:

2010: D+25,000, or 9 percent

2012: D+71,000, or 15 percent

2014: GOP+250, essentially a tie

2016: D+73,000, or 14 percent

Consider: Those huge leads in Clark in 2012 and 2016 assured Barack Obama (6.5 points) and Hillary Clinton (2.5 points) of wins before Election Day. Clinton's margin was diminished after a strong Election Day by the GOP, but it was too little, too late.

Those were presidential races at the top of the ticket, with the nominees driving turnout. A midterm with the president only on the ballot by proxy is different, but how different it will be this cycle -- turnout is way up over 2014 and above 2010 -- is an open question.

Remember: We have not had super-close races for governor AND Senate at the top in any of the last few cycles. How does that affect the turnout and composition of the electorate?

In 2010, Harry Reid won despite a smaller firewall, although 9 percent is nothing to sneeze at. And people forget he won pretty easily -- nearly 6 points.

In 2012, Dean Heller won by 1 percent despite that huge early vote firewall, which proved illusory because Shelley Berkley could not hold it after that House Ethics probe albatross. He was an outlier, though, as he has been his entire career, defying the odds and never losing.

In 2014, there was no firewall for the Dems and they lost....just about everything.

So there is no clear algorithm the last four cycles except that the Clark firewall has to be pretty large. Right now, it is about 10 percent, slightly larger than Harry Reid had when he survived, and it could get bigger.

As I have told you, if a Democrat has a 10 percent lead in Clark County, it is almost impossible for a GOP candidate to survive statewide, unless Washoe really helps (Heller won by 20,000 votes there in 2012 but the Dems are turning out well this cycle) and the rural landslide is big enough, which is a difficult needle to thread.

This is why the Democrats have a built-in advantage with early voting, especially with the reg edge they have enjoyed the last few cycles. And it has been enough for the top of the ticket every cycle of the last four, with Heller bucking the blue wave of 2012.

Can he survive again? It's certainly possible, but Rosen has proven a tougher target than Berkley. Heller has bet it all on Trump and the president juicing GOP turnout, and it may work.

Watch the next three days and that firewall.

I'll update the models when the rurals come in and have the Clark deep dive later today....

10/30/18, 10:00 PM

Lay of the land: Clark firewall approaching 31,000 after today as Dems won by 2,400 (almost 9 points). Dems barely won Washoe in early votes and lost it by a little after absentees counted, still lead by 700 or so. Rurals coming in, turnout tailing off slightly, but Rs will still pick up hundreds of votes.

Bottom line: If past cycle's turnout patterns hold, Dems will only do better on the last three days in Clark, should get to 35,000, perhaps 40,000. If they get to 40,000, and continue to hold their own in Washoe, the rural landslide will not be enough to save statewides unless Dems are losing more than normal off their bases and losing indies by double digits.

There is little margin for error in a rurals vs. urban strategy, but that is what Team GOP went for this cycle. It still could be close.

One other aspect of these consistent Clark wins, as you have seen and I will detail again Wednesday, is the impact on down-ballot races. CD4 appears to be done for the Dems, as does Senate District 9, a key swing. The GOP is not going to pick up any Assembly seats in the South (they look likely to pick off Skip Daly in the North) and a handful of their incumbents are at risk, especially if the Dems surge in the next three days in Clark.

Less than a week to go....

10/30/18, 3:30 PM

A few nuggets:

----All data in for Monday and Lyon County came back with a big day, and the statewide Dem lead is down to 11, 200. That's 2.7 percent, but GOP wins the day Monday.

----Females are outvoting males by about 2 percent so far, according to those tracking the data. And the age breakdown now looks like this:

18-34: 10.6 percent

35-49: 16.3 percent

50-64: 30.5 percent

65+: 42.3 percent

----Today is a pivotal day in the final week, if past is prologue. Repubs are primed to do well in Clark before the expected late-week Dem surge. Can the Dems continue to keep it close in Washoe? And after the Dems neutralized the GOP absentee ballot campaign in Clark, can the rurals keep up this landslide pace?

Numbers in a few hours.....

10/30/18, 11:30 AM

OK, most rurals in now, and they cut into statewide lead, so it's just below 12,000 (just below 3 percent) and Clark firewall with absentees is 28,400:

Not much change in the models:

---If Dean Heller and Jacky Rosen are holding 90 percent of their bases and getting 5 percent of the other's and each is getting 45 percent of indies: Rosen is ahead by 10,000 votes, or 2.5 percent..

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-45 with indies: He is losing by 6,000 votes, or almost 1.5 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-45 with indies: She is ahead by almost 14,000 votes, or 3.5 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-40 with indies: He is losing by 2,000 votes, or half a percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-40 with indies: She is ahead by 18,000 votes, or 4.3 percent.

The rurals coming back online Monday (they were closed Sunday) helped keep the models at status quo. But you still see the challenge Heller has if he can't hold his base and does not win indies.

The Clark deep dive:

CD3 (Danny Tarkanian vs. Susie Lee): Dems +2,200, about the same. Not a huge ballot lead (under 2 percent) with all those indies, but if it continues to grow, Tark is in trouble.

CD4 (Steven Horsford vs. Cresent Hardy): Dems +10,300 (11 percent) in the Clark part, which is more than 80 percent of the district. This is almost gone for the GOP, if it isn't already.

---The legislative numbers in the key districts – Dems are going to pick up a state Senate seat (this is Becky Harris' seat not Patty Farley's, as I previously said) and the GOP is poised to pick up only one Assembly seat but could lose others.

SD8 (Republican Valerie Weber vs. Democrat Marilyn Dondero Loop)— Dems+150, Dems gained. Toss-up.

SD9 (Republican Tiffany Jones vs. Democrat Melanie Scheible) — +1,900, Dems. Dems gained ground. This one seems impossible for the GOP.

SD20 (Republican Keith Pickard vs. Democrat Julie Pazina) — +400 Dems, gained some ground. Starting to lean D a touch.

Remember these are all GOP-held and all open seats (Patty Farley was elected as one, at least), and if the Dems take them all, they have a supermajority. They look almost assured of getting to 12, and if those numbers continue to grow in SD20, it will be at least 13.

In the key Assembly districts, it still looks like GOP favored for one pickup to get to 16 seats:

AD2 (Republican John Hambrick* vs. Democrat Jennie Sherwood)— GOP +350, about the same. Likely R.

AD4 (Republican Richard McArthur* vs. Democrat Connie Munk) — GOP +150, About the same. Lean R.

AD21 (Republican Cherlyn Arrington vs. Democrat Ozzie Fumo*)— Dems +750, Ds gained. Strong lean D.

AD22 (Republican Melissa Hardy vs. Democrat Christee Watson) — GOP +200, About the same. Lean R.

AD29 (Republican Stephen Silberkraus vs. Democrat Lesley Cohen*) — Dems +750, gained ground. Strong lean D.

AD31 (Jill Dickman vs. Skip Daly*) -- GOP +400. Lean R.

AD35 (Republican David Schoen vs. Democrat Michelle Gorelow and indie Daniel Hofstein) — Dems +850, big D gain. Strong lean D.

AD37 (Republican Jim Marchant* vs. Democrat Shea Backus) — GOP +150, About the same .Slight lean R.

AD41 (Republican Paris Wade vs. Democrat Sandra Jauregui*) — Dem +600, about the same. Strong lean D.

The Rs have very little chance for pickups, it would seem, except AD31, which is a good bet for them. But they still need to turn the tide to stop from losing any seats in Clark, and they lost ground Monday.

The Clark turnout maps for comparison (still about three-quarters of 2016 and above where 2010 was, so some hyrbrid of those two years is what this is).

The Clark turnout comparisons:

10/30/18, 9:00 AM

SOS did update (first week of numbers is here so you don't have to scroll down) and Clark absentees added: Dems have 600-ballot lead, adding 500 or so to firewall and statewide lead, now at 28,500 and 12,500, probably, after rurals added.

10/30/18, 6:30 AM

Day 10 in the books. Not a huge change after Monday, with Republicans doing slightly better in Clark but still a decisive loss. The Democrats in their southern stronghold usually are weakest in Days 10 and 11.

GOP gained in Washoe, still down by 800 votes. Some of the rurals are not in yet , so subtract a few hundred votes from the Dems' statewide lead and say it is now 12,000 out of 411,000 cast. That's just under a 3 percent lead.

Other numbers to remember:

----28,000: That's the Democratic firewall in Clark County. It will get to 35,000 unless something very strange happens, which is the minimum I think the Dems would want to have a chance in major statewide races, and it could get to 40,000, which will make the GOP nervous.

Remember, I have said Democratic statewide candidates want to win Clark by 10 percentage points to make up for elsewhere; right now, the Democratic ballot lead is 9.9 percentage points. (Dems are 3 points above reg and Repubs are 6 points above theirs, but the reg difference (137,000) accounts for the ballot lead.)

The reason the Clark firewall number is always the main one to watch is because if it gets large enough and Democratic straight-ticket voting is robust enough, the rural and Washoe numbers don't matter as much.

----17,000: That will be the GOP lead in rural Nevada (after they are all counted), not enough to offset the Clark number, which should grow faster than the rural count. (The GOP is winning the rurals by 31.5 points -- their actual advantage is 29 points.) And that brings us to Washoe: The reason the Democrats holding it close there is so critical (and they are slightly ahead now) is that it makes it a battle between Clark and the rurals, and only in 2014 was that enough to cause the red wave because of extraordinarily low Clark and Dem turnout. That is not happening this time.

----26.5 percent: That's the statewide turnout so far. If the usual second-week surge occurs, that means total early/mail turnout could be 40 percent of active voters, or 600,000. And that means my higher estimate of 1 million total voters, or 60 percent, seems likely. We still don't know if Election Day will be higher or lower than usual. If it's lower, turnout could be closer to 900,000. But, again, this is why Dems try to bank so many votes before Election Day because they usually lose on Election Day.

----29.5 percent: That's the Washoe turnout number, higher than rurals (26.2 percent, and it will get a bit higher after the stragglers report)) and Clark (25.6 percent). And Democrats are unusually energized and mobilized in a county where the GOP leads 37-35. The Dems are 6 points above registration and the GOP is 3 points above.

----70-17-13: Those are the actual Clark-Washoe-rurals registration percentages of the statewide reg total. The current early/email numbers: 68-19-13. So Clark down 2, Washoe up 2 and the rurals are at registration. That's good news for the Dems, too, but it could change after Election Day. Let's see if the mix is changing -- the first week showed more reliable GOP voters casting ballots, suggesting some possible Nov. 6 cannibalization.

----80,000: That's how many non-major-party voters have cast ballots. That's 19.3 percent. How are they voting? They could still be the deciders.

----2016: People keep making the comparison to the last cycle, which I still say is not instructive. Even though this is a high-turnout midterm, it will look much more like 2010 than 2016. The firewall, the turnout patterns are not comparable to a presidential cycle. What we know for sure is it is not 2014, when the Republicans won Clark in early voting and swept the state.

I'll update the models later....

10/29/18, 10 PM

Dems won Clark by 2,400 votes, southern firewall at 28,000 or so (absentees not in.) Not as big as double-digit weekend wins, but solid 9-point victory for Dems.

Follows past cycles' pattern of GOP doing better on Monday and Tuesday of second week. Dems should get to 35K lead in Clark by end of the week. If they don't, then the pattern of Dems surging at the end of the second week will have changed.

GOP won Washoe early vote for second time in 10 days, by only 32 votes. But absentees went to Repubs my more than 250, so clear win. Dems now up in Washoe by about 800.

Rurals trickling in -- the Repubs are going to pick up hundreds of votes there.

My guess is, after all rurals in, Dems will have a victory statewide Monday but not a huge one. Ballot lead, which was 11,000-plus, won't change a lot.

Bottom line: Dems still doing well for a midterm, but the major races are far from decided.

10/29/18, NOON

The numbers through Day 9:

10/29/18, 11:00 AM

Statewide turnout numbers:

Total: 373,000 voters

Democrats, 41.9 percent; Republicans, 38.9 percent; others, 19.2 percent

Here are the updated models and Clark deep dive -- note that right now, unless GOP statewide contenders are getting a lot of crossover votes and a significant percentage of indies, they are behind. And it is much more likely, based on national trends, that neither of those things is happening.

Then again, Nevada is....Nevada.

Election Day will matter, as will the final five days this week, but the early vote/mail models are starting to tilt toward the Dems.

---If Dean Heller and Jacky Rosen are holding 90 percent of their bases and getting 5 percent of the other's and each is getting 45 percent of indies: Rosen is ahead by 10,000 votes, or 2.5 percent..

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-45 with indies: He is losing by 6,000 votes, or almost 1.5 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-45 with indies: She is ahead by almost 13,000 votes, or 3.5 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-40 with indies: He is losing by 2,500 votes, or half a percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-40 with indies: She is ahead by 17,000 votes, or 4.5 percent.

Those numbers will rise or fall with the performance of the parties the last five days. So you see the imperative for the Repubs to do well or those potential leads will grow.

In Clark, the big Dem weekend really hurt the GOP:

CD3 (Danny Tarkanian vs. Susie Lee): Dems +2,200, substantial gains Sunday. Not a huge ballot lead with all those indies, but if it continues to grow, Tark is in trouble.

CD4 (Steven Horsford vs. Cresent Hardy): Dems +9,000 in the Clark part, which is more than 80 percent of the district. If this keeps going, the rurals can't save Hardy this time.

---The legislative numbers in the key districts – remember if these get above 200 or 300, it’s problematic:

SD8 (Republican Valerie Weber vs. Democrat Marilyn Dondero Loop)— Still about even despite big D weekend. Toss-up.

SD9 (Republican Tiffany Jones vs. Democrat Melanie Scheible) — +1,750, Dems. Dems gained ground. This one still looks lost to the GOP.

SD20 (Republican Keith Pickard vs. Democrat Julie Pazina) — +375 Dems, gained some ground. Toss-up, but may be lean D soon if this continues.

Remember these are all GOP-held and all open seats (Patty Farley was elected as one, at least), and if the Dems take them all, they have a supermajority. They look almost assured of getting to 12, but the other two are too close to call.)

In the key Assembly districts:

AD2 (Republican John Hambrick* vs. Democrat Jennie Sherwood)— GOP +350, about the same. Likely R.

AD4 (Republican Richard McArthur* vs. Democrat Connie Munk) — GOP +150, Dems gained a tad. Lean R.

AD21 (Republican Cherlyn Arrington vs. Democrat Ozzie Fumo*)— Dems +700, Ds gained. Strong lean D.

AD22 (Republican Melissa Hardy vs. Democrat Christee Watson) — GOP +200, Dems gained a little. Lean R.

AD29 (Republican Stephen Silberkraus vs. Democrat Lesley Cohen*) — Dems +600, gained ground. Strong lean D.

AD31 (Jill Dickman vs. Skip Daly*) -- GOP +400. Lean R.

AD35 (Republican David Schoen vs. Democrat Michelle Gorelow and indie Daniel Hofstein) — Dems +800, big D gain. Strong lean D.

AD37 (Republican Jim Marchant* vs. Democrat Shea Backus) — GOP +150, Dems gained.Slight lean R.

AD41 (Republican Paris Wade vs. Democrat Sandra Jauregui*) — Dem +600, gaining ground. Strong lean D.

The Rs lost ground in almost every race. The GOP still looksx likely to pick up that Washoe seat (Dickman), but they need to turn the tide to stop from losing any seats in Clark. Next few days are critical.

10/29/18, 7:15 AM

Welcome to the last five days of early voting -- and these 14 days of pre-election balloting will be 60-70 percent of the total vote in Nevada.

Here's where we are:

Big weekend for the Democrats in Nevada, winning Clark by large margins and Washoe by decent ones. With the rurals closed Sunday and open only part of the day Saturday, the Dems boosted their statewide lead to nearly 11,500 voters, or 3 percent. (The Dems' statewide edge (70,000 voters) is nearly 5 percent, so the GOP turnout advantage continues but the registration edge allows the Dems to keep gaining ground.)

The lead in Clark County is now about 25,000. So a 35,000-vote firewall to offset rural losses is reasonable, although today and Tuesday are traditionally the best days for the GOP in Clark of the two-week period. The robust Washoe numbers for the Dems -- they have won eight of nine days and have a 1,000-vote lead there -- also could help mitigate rural bleeding.

The Clark lead is 10 percentage points, or 3 points below the Dems registration edge in the South. That's quite good for a midterm -- in a presidential year, it usually gets to the registration advantage. (Reminder: In 2014, the GOP had a raw-vote lead in Clark at the end; in 2010, the firewall was 25,000 votes.)

Here's what it looks like right now:

10/28/18, 10:00 PM

Dems had second straight day of a 16 percentage point win in Clark (their reg advantage is 13), adding 3,400 votes to their southern firewall, which is now at about 25,000. Rural were closed today, so Dems built up their lead by winning both urban counties.

The Republicans traditionally rebound in the first part of the second week -- yes, this pattern exists -- and have their best days on Monday and Tuesday. So if they are going to break the recent Dem surge, look for it to happen Monday and Tuesday.

Democrats generally have their best days toward the end of the second week, finishing progressively better in the last three days. Turnout has been significantly higher in the second week in recent cycles.

Will this cycle be different? We shall see.

By the way, the firewall at the end of early voting when Harry Reid was saved by his machine in 2010: 25,000. There were 400,000 fewer registered voters in Clark eight years ago, so a comparable number this cycle would be about 35,000.

In 2014: The GOP had a 250-ballot edge in Clark at the end of two weeks, presaging the red wave.

All of these may be apples to oranges, but it's clear that the GOP needs the pattern of a turnaround the next couple of days to repeat itself or the Democrats will likely get close to a 40,000-ballot advantage in Clark.

Considering the early vote will be about 60 percent of all votes cast and maybe higher, that will be a formidable advantage. And, yes, if you are wondering, early vote numbers almost always reflect high partisan voting patterns that are revealed when they are posted on Election Night.

More tomorrow, fellow data geeks.....

10/28/18, 6:30 PM

Dems won Washoe again, eight days out of nine, by 232 votes, or 6 percent -- 1,704-1,472. Washoe lead for Dems is now more than 1,000.

Remember Washoe reg is 37-35, Rs. Dems just want to stay close there, win Clark big and not get wiped out in rurals. Repubs want to win there by a decent margin and by ultra-landslides in the rurals to make up for losing Clark, where two-thirds of the votes are.

Clinton won Washoe by 3,000 votes last cycle, Heller by 20,000 in 2012, both presidential years. Republicans can't be happy about the numbers so far in Nevada's swing county. (By the end of early voting in 2014, the GOP led Washoe by 6,300 votes.)

One other note: A lot of people have talked about plugging the early numbers into the Senate race NYT poll .

So I did through yesterday. If you use the party reg breakdowns (87-6, Dems hold base; 87-5, GOP holds base; indies breaking 49-40 for Heller), here's what you get: Heller is ahead by 1,000 votes, or .3 percent. That is....tight.

Cautionary note, though: The NYT poll imagined a universe of 736,000 voters, and it's going to be much larger than that. And it has the party reg breakdown at 40-39, D. It's about 2 points difference now, not 1 point, although it may well end up at 1.

So: It's probably close.

But we knew that already.

10/28/18, 1:30 PM

Some models to look at with updated numbers -- and you can see how the Dems have improved their positions over the last few days.

I am using the Senate race as the baseline here but this applies to other statewides as well, and Adam Laxalt is likely in worse shape vis a vis Steve Sisolak -- that is, he has less margin for slippage -- because of The Bundy Factor, depending on the breakdowns and base-holding.

---If Heller and Rosen are holding 90 percent of their bases and getting 5 percent of the other's and each are getting 45 percent of indies: Rosen is ahead by 6,600 votes, or 2 percent..

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-45 with indies: He is losing by 3,300 votes, or 1 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-45 with indies: She is ahead by almost 10,000 votes, or 3 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-40 with indies: He is ahead by.....3 votes.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-40 with indies: She is ahead by 13,000 votes, or 4 percent.

So if the pattern continues, Heller and GOP candidates need to do what Donald Trump and Joe Heck did in 2016: Win indies by a decent margin. That seems less likely this cycle, but we have miles to go before we count all the votes (the rest of the second week of early voting and the mystery of who will win Election Day, when only 30-40 percent of the votes will be cast).

10/28/18, 9 AM

Saturday was a big day for the Dems in Nevada -- 4,000-ballot gain in Clark, 250 in Washoe and rural turnout was down, probably because many of the sites closed early (and I believe they are closed today).

All but a few of the smaller rurals are in. Dems added about 3,200 to their statewide lead, so it stands at just under 8,000, above 2 percent.

Total votes cast: About 350,000, or about 23 percent. I still think 900,000 (60 percent) is assured for overall total, perhaps 1 million voters (67 percent).

The Clark firewall is actually at 22,000 and Dems now have the lead in absentees. I said 40,000 is unlikely, but if the trend continues, it's not impossible.

Maybe it's a weekend aberration in the data. Maybe recent events -- the would-be mail bomber, the synagogue shooter -- have changed the electoral dynamic. We will know soon.

By the way, turnout always dips on Sunday -- and the second Sunday is usually the lowest of any day in the 14. We will see how the parties do. The GOP also does better during the early part of the week and then Dems surge at the end in Clark.

But this year is a different year, so....

Deep Clark dive:

CD3 (Danny Tarkanian vs. Susie Lee): Dems +1,300, substantial gains Saturday. Not a huge ballot lead with all those indies, but if it continues to grow, Tark is in trouble. Still looks close.

CD4 (Steven Horsford vs. Cresent Hardy): Dems +7,500 in the Clark part, which is more than 80 percent of the district. Is this slipping away for Cresent Hardy?

---The legislative numbers in the key districts – remember if these get above 200 or 300, it’s problematic:

SD8 (Republican Valerie Weber vs. Democrat Marilyn Dondero Loop)— Still about even respite big D day. Toss-up.

SD9 (Republican Tiffany Jones vs. Democrat Melanie Scheible) — +1,500, Dems. Dems gained ground. This one looks lost to the GOP.

SD20 (Republican Keith Pickard vs. Democrat Julie Pazina) — +250 Dems, gained some ground. Toss-up, but may be lean D soon if this continues.

Remember these are all GOP-held and all open seats (Patty Farley was elected as one, at least), and if the Dems take them all, they have a supermajority. They look almost assured of getting to 12, but the other two are uncertain.)

In the key Assembly districts:

AD2 (Republican John Hambrick* vs. Democrat Jennie Sherwood)— GOP +350, Gained a little. Likely R.

AD4 (Republican Richard McArthur* vs. Democrat Connie Munk) — GOP +170, Dems gained a tad. Lean R.

AD21 (Republican Cherlyn Arrington vs. Democrat Ozzie Fumo*)— Dems +500, Ds gained a little. Strong lean D.

AD22 (Republican Melissa Hardy vs. Democrat Christee Watson) — GOP +250, Dems gained a little. Lean R.

AD29 (Republican Stephen Silberkraus vs. Democrat Lesley Cohen*) — Dems +550, gained ground. Strong lean D.

AD35 (Republican David Schoen vs. Democrat Michelle Gorelow and indie Daniel Hofstein) — Dems +550, slight D gain. Strong lean D.

AD37 (Republican Jim Marchant* vs. Democrat Shea Backus) — GOP +200, Dems gained a little. Lean R.

AD41 (Republican Paris Wade vs. Democrat Sandra Jauregui*) — Dem +470, gaining ground. Strong lean D.

Addendum at 1: PM:

I have been negelcting Washoe's AD31, now held by Dem Skip Daly. The GOP (Jill Dickman) has a 400-vote lead there, so it is Strong Lean R.

Unless the underdogs are getting bailed out by indie votes or the favorites are bleeding their base, it looks like this: Nine seats in play, five D, four R. Five lean R, four lean D.

Very unlikely supermajority as of today.

I'll do some modeling later.....

10/27/18, 10:30 PM

Dems won Washoe (250) and Clark (4,000) and rural turnout was significantly lower on Saturday, although the GOP won by huge margins in the larger ones.

Dems Clark performance was comparable to Day One, exceeding actual reg advantage (13 points) by 3 points (47-31). Total turnout about 25,000, so every day has been above 20,000 in the South.

Clark firewall at 21,500 now. Looks like 30,000 is likely, 35,000 possible, 40,000 difficult. But GOP probably more concerned with Washoe after appearing to reverse trend there, losing for seventh out of eight days.

But one day is....one day. The Dems also got off to a big start on Day One of the first week, too, before it leveled out.

I'll do some modeling and have more data tomorrow. For now, I'm going back to pretending I have a real life for a few hours.

10/27/18, 2:45 PM

Some addenda:

The party reg of active voters (forgot SOS has this breakdown, so thanks SOS -- rounding means won't add up to 100 percent):

18-24: 11 percent of overall voters; 11 percent of Dems, 7 percent of Rs

25-34: 17 percent overall; 17 percent of Dems, 12 percent of Rs

35-44: 17 percent overall; 15 percent Dems, 13 percent Rs

45-54: 16 percent overall; 16 percent Dems, 17 percent Rs

55-64: 17 percent overall; 17 percent Ds, 21 percent Rs

65-plus: 24 percent overall; 25 percent Dems; 30 percent Rs

So you can see why Dems have problems in midterms, besides the downturn in minority voters. They lead voter reg in all cohorts 44 and under, which are voting in single or low double digits so far. Half of the GOP voters are in the two older cohorts, and they are voting at much higher levels.

Having said that, this is an odd election, and one forensic data expert tells me:

The Democrats are turning out fewer inveterate voters than the Republicans after one week. That could mean Election Day will be a wash this midterm or even an advantage to the Ds, depending on what happens during the second week. Big caveat.

That also lends credence to the possibility of a GOP early turnout effort that is working well, but cannibalizing part of the Nov. 6 vote because their reliable voters are outpacing the Dem reliable voters. Let's see if this changes in the second week, and it could also be affected if turnout is going to be way, way up this midterm.

Check out this stat that bolsters this assessment:

Here's how much of the early vote is coming from 2014 voters (when turnout was way down) -- 65 percent of Rs and 54 percent of Ds.

And that GOP absentee ballot campaign, which has changed the dynamic in the rurals also shows more inveterates and not new voters:

Fifty percent of GOP mail ballots are inveterates (voted in last three elections) while only 41 percent of the Dem absentees are. Something else to keep an eye on, but also indicates potential cannibalization of Election Day vote.

Let's check these numbers again at the end of the second week, which will give us a better idea of what might happen on Election Day.

10/27/18, 1:45 PM

News flash: The older you get, the more you vote.

I'm not surprised at the younger voters and those small numbers. But the 40-49 number is most interesting. I hear more of those are Dems than normal this year. We shall see.

Douglas got added since the last update, so almost everything is in now. Nearly 311,000 voters have cast ballots. Dem lead=4,500

The usual deep dive into the Clark numbers:

CD3: Dems +725, some gains Friday but 93,000 ballots have been cast and 18,500 by indies. This is tough to call.

CD4 (Steven Horsford vs. Cresent Hardy): Dems +6,100 in the Clark part, which is more than 80 percent of the district. Dems substantially in lead. Firewall getting big. By contrast, Horsford only had a 400-vote firewall in 2014. This may be slipping away for the GOP -- no wonder they had Vice President Mike Pence with Hardy today.

---The legislative numbers in the key districts – remember if these get above 200 or 300, it’s problematic:

SD8 (Republican Valerie Weber vs. Democrat Marilyn Dondero Loop)— Still about even. Toss-up.

SD9 (Republican Tiffany Jones vs. Democrat Melanie Scheible) — +1,100, Dems. Dems gained ground. This one looks lost to the GOP.

SD20 (Republican Keith Pickard vs. Democrat Julie Pazina) — +65 Dems, lost some ground. Toss-up.

Remember these are all GOP-held and all open seats (Patty Farley was elected as one, at least), and if the Dems take them all, they have a supermajority. They look almost assured of getting to 12, but the other two are tossups.)

In the key Assembly districts:

AD2 (Republican John Hambrick* vs. Democrat Jennie Sherwood)— GOP +300, Lean R.

AD4 (Republican Richard McArthur* vs. Democrat Connie Munk) — GOP +240, big gain for GOP. Lean R.

AD21 (Republican Cherlyn Arrington vs. Democrat Ozzie Fumo*)— Dems +500, Ds gained ground. Strong lean D.

AD22 (Republican Melissa Hardy vs. Democrat Christee Watson) — GOP +320, moving toward the GOP. Lean R.

AD29 (Republican Stephen Silberkraus vs. Democrat Lesley Cohen*) — Dems +500, gained ground. Strong lean D.

AD35 (Republican David Schoen vs. Democrat Michelle Gorelow and indie Daniel Hofstein) — Dems +475, slight D gain. Strong lean D.

AD37 (Republican Jim Marchant* vs. Democrat Shea Backus) — GOP +250, gained ground. Lean R.

AD41 (Republican Paris Wade vs. Democrat Sandra Jauregui*) — Dem +370, gaining ground. Lean D.

The Dems need to net one seat for a supermajority. Unless the underdogs are getting bailed out by indie votes or the favorites are bleeding their base, it looks like this: Eight seats in play, split between the parties. Four lean R, four lean D.

Status quo in Assembly?

10/27/18, 9:15 AM

A couple of charts for your viewing pleasure after one week. The first shows the percentage leads for the parties in all 17 counties; the second shows the turnout so far in every county, overall and by party.

A note: Obviously pay attention to Clark and Washoe. But in the rurals, the only counties with significant populations to look at are Carson City, Douglas, Elko and Nye (Churchill, too, perhaps, but it is not as large as the others). For instance, Esmeralda has only 27 voters so far; Eureka has 194 so far.

One interesting result you will see: Dems are actually turning out in slightly greater percentages to their registration in some of the rurals. But the registration gap is so wide, it makes little difference.

10/27/18, 8:30 AM

One week in the books of early/absentee voting and here's what we know:

The Dem statewide lead in early/mail balloting is 4,700. That's only 1.5 percent of the 309,000 ballots already cast. That ain't much of a lead.

Democratic turnout of their voters is 21 percent; Republican turnout of their voters is 23.5 percent. That's not unusual for a midterm.

That means the Democrats have a 41 percent to 40 percent lead in the overall vote -- about 4 points under their registration edge thanks to the slight GOP turnout advantage, which also is not that anomalous for an off-year election.

Total turnout is now about 20 percent. Hard to do extrapolations because this is much higher than a normal midterm turnout and just under three-quarters of the last presidential here. But it still seems to me that 60 percent turnout overall after Election Day is possible -- that would be 900,000 voters. And we might get to 1 million, or two-thirds of registered voters.

Early and absentee voting is a much higher percentage of the overall vote (in presidential years (about 70 percent) than it is in midterms (mid-50s or 60 percent). And because it is a different kind of year, we still don't know if Election Day will be lower than usual and which party has an advantage -- Dems can win Election Days in presidential years but they almost never do in midterms.

Bottom line is it is close.

Southern turnout is going to be well above 2014 in raw numbers -- more voted early in the first week in Clark County (181,000) than voted in two weeks four years ago (171,500). Yes, there are 200,000 more voters in the South now, but you get the picture.

In Clark, where the Democratic goal during early voting is to build a ballot firewall using a double-digit registration edge, the advantage is about 17,500 after one week. (The Democrats won by their second-largest raw-vote margin -- 2,900 ballots) on Friday, their largest since a big opening day a week ago.

Perspective: The Republicans had a slight ballot lead after early voting in the South during the red wave of 2014, and the Democrats had a 25,000-vote edge two midterms ago when they saved Harry Reid's re-election.

They appear on target to get to 35,000 -- assuming no odd reversal in trends, with an outside chance to get to 40,000. Either would be a big number for a midterm -- 35,000 would make the Dems feel pretty good; 40,000 would make the GOP worry, I think.

In Washoe, the Democratic ballot lead is down to 600. The Dems won early voting for the sixth day out of seven in the county where the GOP has a 37-35 reg edge, but lost absentees by twice as much.

The Republicans likely will end up winning Washoe by the end of early voting. The Democrats just want to keep it close in the swing county where Hillary Clinton eked out a win but where Dean Heller crushed Shelley Berkley in the 2012 U.S. Senate race. Keep an eye on those Washoe numbers -- I assure you Heller is!

In the rurals -- with only a few of the tiny ones not reporting -- the GOP lead is 13,400. Turnout dramatically dropped off in Lyon (900 to 100) on Friday --a Nevada Day holiday effect, perhaps -- and a little less precipitously in Douglas (900 to 650). I doubt that decline is a harbinger of anything, but we will see.

About 58,000 non-major-party voters have cast ballots, holding steady at about 18 percent. People keep asking me how they lean. We don't know, and there is conflicting evidence in polls. There is some data that indicates indies and undecideds are anti-Trump, but I am sure the Dems do not take much sustenance in that right now.

So after one week, we know this: The Senate and gubernatorial polls that showed those races very tight appear to be correct. But we still only have one week of data, and this weekend will show if the second week, as always, is primed to be much larger turnout than the first.

If the Dems can build up a Clark firewall to a large enough number -- I think 40,000 or so would make them happy -- and hold Washoe close, they will have an advantage going into Election Day. But if the GOP can not hemorrhage too much in the South, take a lead in Washoe and keep up the rural surge, they will feel good going into Nov. 6.

I will be doing more digging into the data and will report back....at some point.

10/26/18, 1 PM

The models, updated:

(Remember this is early voting and the GOP usually does better on Election Day than Democrats, although I will need to see turnout after the full two weeks of early voting to see what's most likely.)

---If Heller and Rosen are holding 90 percent of their bases and getting 5 percent of the other's and each are getting 45 percent of indies: Rosen is ahead by 3,000 votes, or 1.3 percent.

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-45 with indies: He is losing by 450 votes, or .2 percent

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-45 with indies: She is ahead by 5,500 votes, or 2.4 percent

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-40 with indies: He is ahead by 2,000 votes, or 1 percent

---If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-40 with indies: She is ahead by 8,000 votes, or 3.5 percent

How indies vote is going to be critical, assuming both candidates are holding their bases. In 2016, Nevada exit polling showed indies went to the Republicans at the top by double digits, even though Democrats managed to win the presidential contest and Senate race here; if that happens again — and if 2018 is not 2016 — turn out the lights.

Polling has shown that indies lean Dem this time, but that is.....polling.

The Clark deep dive, which shows the GOP (Danny Tarkanian rising!) making a move:

CD3: Dems +400, but GOP won the day here Thursday, cut lead in half. This is close.

CD4 (Steven Horsford vs. Cresent Hardy): Dems +5,100 in the Clark part, which is more than 80 percent of the district. Added to lead. Firewall getting big.

---The legislative numbers in the key districts – remember if these get above 200 or 300, it’s very problematic:

SD8 (Republican Valerie Weber vs. Democrat Marilyn Dondero Loop)— Still about even. This one is going to be close, I think.

SD9 (Republican Tiffany Jones vs. Democrat Melanie Scheible) — +1,000, Dems. Stayed about the same. I till say: This is all but over unless there are some weird voting patterns going on or it reverses pretty soon.

SD20 (Republican Keith Pickard vs. Democrat Julie Pazina) — +150 Dems, lost some ground. This one is close, too.

Remember these are all GOP-held and all open seats (Patty Farley was elected as one, at least), and if the Dems take them all, they have a supermajority. They look almost assured of getting to 12, but the other two are tossups.)

In the key Assembly districts:

AD2 (Republican John Hambrick* vs. Democrat Jennie Sherwood)— GOP +300, big gain for GOP. Lean R

AD4 (Republican Richard McArthur* vs. Democrat Connie Munk) — GOP +100, about the same. Toss-up.

AD21 (Republican Cherlyn Arrington vs. Democrat Ozzie Fumo*)— Dems +450, Ds gained ground. Lean D.

AD22 (Republican Melissa Hardy vs. Democrat Christee Watson) — GOP +150, moving toward the GOP. Lean R.

AD29 (Republican Stephen Silberkraus vs. Democrat Lesley Cohen*) — Dems +400, gained ground. Lean D.

AD35 (Republican David Schoen vs. Democrat Michelle Gorelow and indie Daniel Hofstein) — Dems +425, about the same. Lean D.

AD37 (Republican Jim Marchant* vs. Democrat Shea Backus) — GOP +200, gained ground. Lean R.

AD41 (Republican Paris Wade vs. Democrat Sandra Jauregui*) — Dem +300, gaining gropund. Lean D.

The Democrats need to pick up one more seat for a supermajority. Eight seats in play, split between the parties. Three lean R, four lean D and one is a tossup.

So: Right now, chances of a supermajority in either house are a toss-up.

Clark turnout -- raw numbers, then percentages -- I included 2016 just so you can see what a presidential turnout pattern looks like, too:

10/26/18, 9:30 AM

All but five small rurals are in and the Clark absentees included, so just about everything for the first six days of 14:

271,000 have voted, or 18 percent. As I said, probably 30 percent of overall election vote is now in.

112,000 are Dems, 108,800 Republicans. So lead remains where it has the last few days, at about 3,200. Still 41 percent to 40 percent. GOP turnout advantage has turned 5 percent Dem reg edge into only a 1 percent advantage in the overall share of the vote.

Democratic turnout is just under 19 percent, and GOP turnout is 21 percent, so a 2 percent advantage.

None of this is shocking, folks. The Repubs were always going to turn out in greater numbers than the Dems, which is why that registration edge matters. I never believed in a wave either way this midterm, and there won't be one. It's not 2014 and it's not even 2010, although not far from that.

N.B: 50,200 non-major-party voters have cast ballots. That's 18 percent of the overall turnout.

They are the deciders.

10/26/18, 8:00 AM

Quick note: I have the absentee count from Clark now and the Dems outpaced the Repubs in those tallied Thursday. After trailing by 500 ballots for most of the early period, the Dems are now almost even — 70 or so behind. In the overall count, the Dem firewall is above 15K.

10/26/18, 7:00 AM

Happy Nevada Day (celebrated), all.

As I pen this first update of the day, the SOS shows nine rurals not reported from Day Six, with Lyon and Carson City the largest. Probably will increase the GOP lead in the 15 smaller counties by a few hundred.

Clark was consistent Thursday — GOP reduced Dem turnout edge by 3 points or so, but still lost ground — 2,200 votes (have not seen absentee count yet). And the Republicans finally won Washoe, which was inevitable, cutting the Dem lead almost in half to 700. Let's see whether the Republicans can pull into the lead there

In the rurals the Democrats have just under 9,600 votes and and the Republicans have 21,400. After all of the counties have reported, the Republicans will have a more than 12,000-voter lead in rural Nevada. So look at it this way: The relatively tiny counties will have all but erased the Dem lead erected in Clark County.

That shows again how key Washoe is, THE swing county in Nevada.

It's reasonable to assume that by the end of early voting the Democrats will have only a small statewide lead, and no nails will go unbitten the evening of Nov. 6.

What we know:

The Dem statewide lead is 109,000-105,200, or about 3,800. It will be about 3,500 or less by the time the rurals get in.

Total turnout: Dems, 18 percent; GOP, 20 percent

The statewide turnout is 263,000, or 17.5 percent.

Let's say it's 18 percent when the rurals come in. If total turnout is 60 percent by the end of the election, that means about 30 percent of the vote is in. And it may be higher than 60 percent.

So where are we as we approach the end of the first of two weeks of early voting?

This is not 2014, when Republicans led in every region and the red wave was evident. It's still a little above 2010, when Dems had a 10,000-vote lead in Clark at the end of the first week (it's close to 15,000 now but with 200,000 more voters).

It's also not 2016, despite partisans' attempts to make apples to apples comparisons, which makes no statistical sense. Turnout first looked to be about three-quarters of a presidential year but it has slipped a bit: Clark is at just over 70 percent (proportionally, accounting for the new voters) of 2016 turnout right now.

If you do a proportional comparison (i.e. see what 70 percent of 2016 numbers look like), the Democrats are nowhere near where they were two years ago (40,000-plus firewall in Clark after a week — and they will not get close to 70 percent of that by the end of today), which surely is giving the GOP sustenance. But it remains to be seen if any of these comparisons are apt or if this is a very different kind of midterm.

Bottom line so far: If the Democrats keep up their current pace in Clark and get to a 30,000-vote firewall, the Republicans will feel they have done their job but no one will feel confident. And, of course, keep an eye on the ongoing rural surge and what's happening in Washoe.

I'll have the updated numbers for you and some modeling later today. It will be interesting to see whether turnout rises or falls because of the "holiday." The seventh day of the first week is usually a slightly slower day.

10/25/18, 10:00 PM

Dems won Clark again, 45-35, added 2,200 to firewall, now closing in on 15,000 vote lead after six days. Another big turnout day — 23,000 — and all six days have been 20K-plus.

I have said the Democrats need to get to at least a 30,000 ballot firewall in the South to feel comfortable and probably 35,000 to feel good. The former looks likely, unless the trend changes; the latter is doable, but far from assured.

And just so we are clear: Neither number is a guarantee of victory for Jacky Rosen or Steve Sisolak.

More tomorrow. Sleep well, fellow data geeks.

10/25/18, 7:30 PM

As I just tweeted:

Republicans have finally turned the tide in Washoe, winning today by 200 votes. And winning by 400 in absentees. Good day for GOP in the North. Combined totals: Dems, 21,594; Repubs, 20,885 (709 vote difference).

So it's 42 percent to 40.5 percent. Registration is 37-35, GOP, so Dems are 7 points above and Repubs are 3.5 points above.

Dems are still in very good shape in Washoe, but if the GOP has righted the ship, the Republicans will win Washoe in early vote/mail. (The Democratic goal up there is always just to keep it close.)

Some rurals are in, showing slight falloff in some places. Douglas and Elko still going strong, and Republicans have — wait for it — a combined 3,700-ballot lead in those two counties.

The rurals are real, and for the GOP, they are spectacular.

10/25/18, 3:30 PM

So I now have a spreadsheet to plug in early and mail ballots for the top two races (or any of the statewides, actually), and here's what it shows, using the Senate race as the example:

---If Heller and Rosen are holding 90 percent of their bases and getting 5 percent of the other's and each are getting 45 percent of indies: Rosen is ahead by 3,000 votes, or 1.3 percent.

----If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-45 with indies: He is losing by 850 votes, or .4 percent

----If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-45 with indies: She is ahead by 5,000 votes, or 2.2 percent

----If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Heller is ahead by 50-40 with indies: He is ahead by 1,300 votes, or .6 percent

----If they are at 90-5 with the bases and Rosen is ahead by 50-40 with indies: She is ahead by 7,000 votes, or 3.1 percent

Of course, you can play around with these numbers on either side — maybe one is holding 90 and the other is closer to 85 with the bases and maybe they are getting more or less than 5 percent of the other's — but you can see how little margin for error there is and why the ballot leads can mean so much.

If Trump has helped Heller hold 90 percent of the base and Rosen can only hold 85 percent and they split indies, Heller is ahead by 1,800 votes, or .8 percent.

In the governor's race, Laxalt has much less margin for error because of The Bundy factor. If he is losing a few points more off his base than Sisolak, as you can see from those numbers, he is likely behind.

Are indies really leaning D this time? If so, both top of the ticket Republicans are in trouble so far. If they can win them by a decent margin, though, the Dems are going to probably lose unless they can boost their ballot leads.

I repeat my mantra on voter registration: It's not determinative, but it matters.

I will plug in the new early/mail numbers every day and tell you what they say.

10/25/18, 1:45 PM

There is enough data (five days out of 14) to start modeling a little bit -- all the usual caveats apply -- so here is one a fellow data geek plugged in using the crosstabs from the NYT poll and applying them to the early numbers:

Early Vote

Rosen - 46.8 percent

Heller - 45.8 percent

Early Vote and Absentees

Heller - 46.7 percent

Rosen - 45.8 percent

So just as the credible polls have said: Dead heat.

Heller is beating the reg advantage for Dems by almost 3 points. So if the NYT crosstabs are correct -- and there are things to question, including Latino numbers and Heller up by 9 among indies -- if the Dems don't have a 3 percent edge once the early/mail ballots are done, Rosen is in trouble.

Take that for what it is worth. It just shows that a reasonable turnout model has the race even.

I am going to start some of my own modeling soon, too.....

----

The down-ballot stuff from Clark:

CD3: +940, Dems lost a little Wednesday. This one is too close to call.

CD4: +4,000 in the Clark part, which is more than 80 percent of the district. Added 600 to lead Tuesday. Firewall building.

---The legislative numbers in the key districts – remember if these get above 200 or 300, it’s very problematic:

SD8 — Still about even. This one is going to be close, I think.

SD9 — +1,000, Dems. Keeps going up. This is all but over unless there are some weird voting patterns going on or it reverses pretty soon.

SD20 — +250 Dems, gained a little ground

In the key Assembly districts:

AD2 — GOP +85, about the same

AD4 — GOP +100, GOP with small gains

AD21 — Dems +400, gained ground

AD22 — About even, GOP loses a little

AD29 — Dems +350, gained ground

AD35 — Dems +425, gained ground

AD37 — GOP +150, gained ground

AD41 — Dem +200, about the same

10/25/18, 11:30 AM

Just checked Clark numbers, and it seems the SOS has failed to upload a big batch of absentees that were counted Wednesday. Dems won them by about 250 in Clark, so the statewide Dem lead is closer to 3,500.

10/25/18, 10:30 AM

Most of Day 5 data is in.

Rurals still helping GOP mitigate losses in Clark and Dem push in Washoe. Bottom line: Nye County absentee ballots finally apportioned by party and GOP won state Wednesday, so Dems lost 600 off statewide ballot lead.

Latest statewide totals (missing two small rurals):

A little more than 219,000 have voted early or by absentee. That's about 15 percent.

Dems lead by just under 4 points in early voting and Repubs lead by 17 points in absentees, where more keep coming in and the margin is now more than 4,000. This is truly remarkable.

Overall: 41.5 percent, Dems; 40 percent, Republicans. The GOP turnout edge has knocked about 3 and a half points off the Dem reg edge, which is 5 points. Again I say: See why voter registration matters.

Dem statewide ballot lead is 3,200.

Clark breakdown coming soon. Some interesting stuff there.

10/25/18, 6:30 AM

Does five days a pattern make?

With nine days to go, and votes from more than a third of the days in, it's worth contemplating. If there are no major shifts — and generally in early voting there are not — here's what we know (keep in mind that I am writing this before most rurals have reported from Wednesday so there will be caveats, and I will update later today):

---About 90,000 Democrats have voted so far (including by absentee ballot) and by the time the rurals come in, there will be about 84,000 Republicans. Dem turnout is at 15 percent; GOP turnout is at 16 percent. If that 1 percent difference was to grow, that's very problematic for the Dems, whose 5 percent statewide registration edge can't sustain them if it does. (About 40,000 non-major party voters have cast ballots, and they could well decide races. People keep asking me whether they lean Dem or R. Polling has shown the former, but it's just impossible to tell right now.)

For comparison's sake — and this cycle seems sui generis so I am not sure how relevant this is: In 2014, 10.9 percent of Republicans had turned out by now and only 8 percent of Democrats, presaging the red wave; in 2010, it was 11.7 percent GOP and 10.3 percent Dem. So we are not that far from 2010, percentage-wise, and just slightly better for Dems (insert Lyon County caveats....)

---The Clark numbers have been fairly consistent. The GOP has had a turnout advantage, as expected, but the 13-point Dem reg lead has allowed them to build a 12,500-ballot lead. That's 2.1 percent. Turnout usually goes up in the second week — another caveat: This is not a usual year so a 30,000-voter firewall remains a reasonable projection. That's robust, but will not make either side feel good. Harry Reid won with a 25,000-ballot early vote firewall, but there were fewer voters in 2010 and...Sharron Angle.

---Washoe has been a revelation for the Dems. They have won five straight days (absentees made it even on Wednesday) and have a 43-40 lead, or 1,500 ballots. In 2014, the GOP had a 50-37 lead by now, bolstering the red wave. Even if the GOP starts to win Washoe, as seems likely — they suddenly scheduled a GOTV rally, showing the concern in the North — the Dems will not do much worse than a draw here and could do better. I remind you again: Hillary Clinton won Washoe County, despite its GOP lean.

---The rurals are coming in big for the GOP. The question is whether it will continue. I will have the updated numbers later, but there are two other questions, too: Is this early vote turnout a cannibalization of Election Day, and will the margins be Trumpian (big trouble for the Dems) or more like a regular midterm (long night for all Nov. 6)?

---The GOP absentee ballot campaign has been impressive. The statewide lead is 3,500, as I write this, and will be a bit larger as the rurals report and those Nye Magical Mystery Ballots are counted. (The fact that these are not apportioned yet is going to start to make people wonder pretty soon. And by people, I mean me.) The lead, if that 1,700 Nye number is true, is at least 4,000 right now. I also wonder whether the absentee increase in Nye helps Adam Laxalt vis a vis Ryan Bundy, whose strongest county is supposed to be Nye.

---Bottom line: I see possible patter