For eight years in a row, an international survey of nearly 300 cities has named Hong Kong the world’s least affordable housing market.

It is not hard to see why. Located on a group of hilly islands and a corner of the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong has always been short of places to build. The government’s reliance on land sales for revenue creates an incentive to keep prices high. Money pouring in from mainland Chinese investors pushes them even higher.

The extremes can be staggering. A single parking spot sold for £474,000 last year. Apartments only slightly bigger, and in much less desirable parts of town, go for more than £270,000. Living spaces have shrunk so much that a new term has emerged: “nano-flat”, for apartments measuring around 200 square feet or less.

Many Hong Kongers have been priced out of the housing market, including young people forced to live with their parents. Their discontent is said to have contributed to recent street protests such as the 2014 Umbrella Movement.

A government task force is considering a wide range of options for making better use of available land. Architects and developers have also put forward some novel proposals, ranging from the quirky to the audacious. While some of the ideas may be repackaged versions of the cramped spaces the city has long known, others could reshape the future of housing in Hong Kong. Here are some of the ideas:

Living in a drainpipe

Architect James Law stands in his ‘OPod’: a 120-square-foot giant water pipe designed as micro-housing in Hong Kong (Reuters)

Architect James Law was at a construction site in town when he noticed some concrete pipes left over from an infrastructure project. They were large enough to walk in, cool in the summer and surprisingly nicely finished.

“I had a eureka moment,” he says.

So he spent about a month designing and building the OPod, two sections of concrete drainpipe joined to create a living space of about 100 square feet. It includes a couch and foldout bed, a desk, shelving, a tiny kitchenette, a hanging wardrobe and a shower.

The pods can be stacked up to five high, or placed in small, unused spaces between buildings and under bridges. A prototype is now on display in a waterfront park, but there are no plans yet for commercial production.

“It is not a complete solution to what is a very complex problem,” Law says. “But it is a fun, design-oriented way to stimulate debate and even, on a small scale, create model projects.”

Return of the tenements

Keith Wong, director of Synergy Biz Group: young finance industry workers are bunking down in dormitory-style accommodation in Hong Kong (Getty)

One idea is already a reality, in a pair of 50-year-old buildings with distinctive blue, grey and green geometric patterns.

The buildings stand on a street lined with shops selling power tools and industrial fans. Such tenements, known as tong lau, were common here in Hong Kong before high-rises. Synergy Biz Group, a local architecture and development company, has recycled them into communal living spaces with some modern touches.

Called Bibliotheque, the buildings feature slickly designed dormitory-like living spaces with shared kitchens and bathrooms. The rooms are tiny, with about 50 square feet per single unit, and cost from about £320 to £535 a month. The residents are mostly young, drawn by rents that are low by Hong Kong standards.

Jo Chow, a 33-year-old office administrator who lives in one of the spaces, says she pays half of what she did for an apartment in a more distant corner of Hong Kong.

“For me, I just need a flat in a convenient location,” she says. “I don’t need a big place to live right now.”

Some people have criticised these spaces as new takes on Hong Kong’s infamous “coffin homes” – apartments that have been subdivided into tiny spaces – and questioned the appeal of such cramped, communal arrangements.

“They may save on the cost of rent,” says Yip Ngai-ming, a professor of public policy at City University of Hong Kong. “But whether it will work, I don’t know.”

But Keith Wong, director of Synergy, argued that group living provided security and a sense of community. He said the company wanted to add more buildings and to work with landlords to convert individual apartments.

Building up (even more) to the sky

Hong Kong’s public housing programme, mainly made up of high-rises, houses nearly half of the population today (Getty ) (Getty)

Half a century ago, when refugees poured into Hong Kong to escape turmoil in mainland China, the city started a public housing programme which provides residences, usually in high-rises, for nearly half the population today.

Architect and professor David Erdman has suggested fitting in more people in those same buildings by going even higher, adding cornices of between five and 25 storeys atop the existing structures, which are already often about 40 storeys tall.

The idea was inspired by discussions with former colleagues at the University of Hong Kong about fitting additional housing in the spaces between public housing blocks. Building upward instead would offer the same result without harming existing amenities, says Erdman, now chairman of Graduate Architecture and Urban Design at the Pratt Institute in New York City.

His students have produced dramatic designs that would transform the drab and repetitive look of Hong Kong’s public housing complexes. “I would love to see one built,” Erdman says.

Cruise ships and islands

Whampoa mall in Hung Horn, Hong Kong: the city already has cruise ships for shopping malls, could housing be next? (Getty)

Perhaps the most unconventional idea calls for putting people on cruise liners.

The floating community would not be a permanent solution but is instead the first step in a proposal from Doctoral Exchange, a local research group.

The second step of the plan is even more ambitious: building several large artificial islands in the sea to the south of Hong Kong. The new, 45-square-mile archipelago would fall outside Hong Kong’s boundaries, meaning it would require backing from China’s central government.

Island building on such a scale would likely face opposition over potential environmental damage. But China would have at least one advantage in such a project, says Francis Neoton Cheung of Doctoral Exchange. It could use the same reclamation technology that it is developing in the South China Sea to build military strongholds on what were once sunken reefs.

“I know it’s a bit daring, but it might be the solution,” he says – “if circumstances allow.”

Turning ports into towers

A top view of Hong Kong’s container terminal: the housing crisis debate surrounds the huge port (Reuters) (REUTERS)

Hong Kong’s container port is the world’s fifth-largest by volume. It’s also part of the waterfront that the government task force is now looking at to ease the land shortage.

Hundreds of thousands of people could live on the port’s 900 acres. One proposal calls for relocating the port to make way for housing. Another calls for keeping the port where it is, while constructing huge platforms above its bustling waterfront cranes on which residential skyscrapers could then be built.

Officials call this idea feasible, and the port operator says it is open to the idea, but the cost and levels of public support are still unknown.