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The US Department of Justice has charged 12 Russian intelligence officers with hacking Democratic officials in the 2016 US elections.

Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein said the dozen accused used spear phishing emails and malicious software.

He said the hackers also stole data on half a million voters from a state election board website.

The Kremlin said there was no evidence linking the 12 to military intelligence or hacking.

The claims were "an old duck" and a "heap of conspiracy schemes", said Moscow's foreign ministry in a statement.

Friday's indictment was the first by US officials to directly charge Russia's government with meddling in the US vote two years ago.

What are the allegations?

The 11-count indictment names the Russians defendants, alleging they began cyber-attacks in March 2016 on the email accounts of staff for Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign.

Mr Rosenstein said the defendants corresponded with several Americans during the alleged conspiracy, but added there is no allegation that any US citizen committed a crime.

The deputy attorney general said the conspirators used fictitious online personas, including "DCLeaks" and "Guccifer 2.0", to release thousands of stolen emails beginning in June 2016.

They also plotted to hack into the computers of state boards of elections, secretaries of state, and voter software, according to the indictment.

Mr Rosenstein said: "We know that the goal of the conspirators was to have an impact on the election."

The deputy attorney general said all 12 defendants were in the Russian intelligence service, the GRU.

What did the hackers find out?

The DNC leak showed that top Democrats preferred Mrs Clinton for the presidential nomination, which confirmed the worst fears among supporters of her liberal challenger, Bernie Sanders.

Clinton campaign manager John Podesta's emails were also hacked, which contained details of infighting and aides' disparaging remarks about Mrs Clinton.

Shadow over Trump-Putin summit

Analysis by Anthony Zurcher, BBC News

If the Russian military had dropped a bomb on the headquarters of a US political party, it would be an act of war. Same if it had launched a missile at the home of the chair of a US presidential campaign.

This isn't what happened, of course, but make no mistake, what the US Department of Justice is alleging - a cyber-attack by Russian military officers against a US political party and its leaders - is, or at least should be, equally inflammatory.

The wreckage of what Robert Mueller's team says were Russian strikes on the US can be measured in damaged reputations and disrupted politics.

Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein denies that Friday's announcement had anything to do with Donald Trump's upcoming meeting with Vladimir Putin - but they will cast a shadow over the summit nevertheless.

After days of sharply criticising US allies, the world will closely watch how the president handles allegations of "virtual" warfare against the US when he sits down with the man whose military is accused of being behind it all.

What has Trump said?

President Donald Trump was briefed about the indictments earlier in the week.

He is currently in the UK, from where he once again dismissed the investigation as a "rigged witch hunt".

During a joint news conference with British Prime Minister Theresa May on Friday, Mr Trump also said the Russia collusion allegations dogging his presidency were "pure stupidity".

Next week he will meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin at a summit in Helsinki, Finland.

Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer has urged the president to cancel that meeting, in light of the indictment.

Media playback is unsupported on your device Media caption Putin laughs at political chaos in US

What's the big picture?

Special Counsel Robert Mueller is investigating US intelligence findings that Russians conspired to tilt the election in Mr Trump's favour, and whether any of his campaign aides colluded.

As of Friday, the inquiry has indicted 32 people - mostly Russian nationals in absentia - as well as three companies and four former Trump advisers.

None of the charges allege Trump advisers colluded with Russia to interfere with the presidential campaign.

Former National Security Adviser Michael Flynn and George Papadopoulos, a former foreign policy adviser, have pleaded guilty to making false statements about their contacts with Russians.

Former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort and his deputy Rick Gates were charged with money laundering relating to their political consultancy work in Ukraine.