Braak H.

Del Tredici K. Neuroanatomy and Pathology of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Springer International Publishing , View in Article Google Scholar

Mravec B.

et al. Locus (coeruleus) minoris resistentiae in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 11 : 992-1001 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Stern Y. Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Neurol. 11 : 1006-1012 View in Article PubMed

Google Scholar

German D.

et al. The human locus coeruleus: computer reconstruction of cellular distribution. J. Neurosci. 8 : 1776-1788 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Lohr J.B.

Jeste D.V. Locus ceruleus morphometry in aging and schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 77 : 689-697 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Vijayashankar N.

Brody H. Quantitative study of the pigmented neurons in the nuclei locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus in man as related to aging. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 38 : 490-497 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Chan-Palay V.

Asan E. Quantitation of catecholamine neurons in the locus coeruleus in human brains of normal young and older adults and in depression. J. Comp. Neurol. 287 : 357-372 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Kubis N.

et al. Preservation of midbrain catecholaminergic neurons in very old human subjects. Brain. 123 : 366-373 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Braak H.

Del Tredici K. Amyloid-β may be released from non-junctional varicosities of axons generated from abnormal tau-containing brainstem nuclei in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: a hypothesis. Acta Neuropathol. 126 : 303-306 View in Article Scopus (0)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Takahashi J.

et al. Detection of changes in the locus coeruleus in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: High-resolution fast spin-echo T1-weighted imaging. Geriatr. Gerontol. Int. 15 : 334-340 View in Article Scopus (13)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Wakamatsu K.

et al. Norepinephrine and its metabolites are involved in the synthesis of neuromelanin derived from the locus coeruleus. J. Neurochem. 135 : 768-777 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Keren N.I.

et al. Histologic validation of locus coeruleus MRI contrast in post-mortem tissue. Neuroimage. 113 : 235-245 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Braun D.

et al. Noradrenergic regulation of glial activation: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Curr. Neuropharmacol. 12 : 342 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Luo Y.

et al. Reversal of aging-related emotional memory deficits by norepinephrine via regulating the stability of surface AMPA receptors. Aging Cell. 14 : 170-179 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Liu X.

et al. Norepinephrine protects against amyloid-β toxicity via TrkB. J. Alzheimers Dis. 44 : 251-260 View in Article PubMed

Google Scholar

Yang J.H.

et al. Norepinephrine differentially modulates the innate inflammatory response provoked by amyloid-β peptide via action at β-adrenoceptors and activation of cAMP/PKA pathway in human THP-1 macrophages. Exp. Neurol. 236 : 199-206 View in Article Scopus (21)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Joas E.

et al. Blood pressure trajectories from midlife to late life in relation to dementia in women followed for 37 years. Hypertension. 59 : 796-801 View in Article Scopus (57)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Adolfsson R.

et al. Changes in the brain catecholamines in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type. Br. J. Psychiatry. 135 : 216-223 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Palmer A.M.

et al. Monoaminergic innervation of the frontal and temporal lobes in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 401 : 231-238 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Elrod R.

et al. Effects of Alzheimer's disease severity on cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine concentration. Am. J. Psychiatry. 154 : 25-30 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Raskind M.A.

et al. Norepinephrine and MHPG levels in CSF and plasma in Alzheimer's disease. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 41 : 343-346 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Tohgi H.

et al. Concentration of monoamines and their metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and vascular dementia of the Binswanger type. J. Neural Transm. Park. Dis. Dement. Sect. 4 : 69-77 View in Article Scopus (0)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Lustig C.

et al. Inhibitory deficit theory: recent developments in a ‘new view’. in: Gorfein D.S. MacLeod C.M. The Place of Inhibition in Cognition. American Psychological Association , : 145-162 View in Article Crossref

Google Scholar

Prinz P.

et al. Circadian variation of plasma catecholamines in young and old men: Relation to rapid eye movement and slow wave sleep. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 49 : 300-304 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Arnsten A.

et al. The alpha-2 adrenergic agonist guanfacine improves memory in aged monkeys without sedative or hypotensive side effects: evidence for alpha-2 receptor subtypes. J. Neurosci. 8 : 4287-4298 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Avery R.A.

et al. The alpha-2A-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, increases regional cerebral blood flow in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of monkeys performing a spatial working memory task. Neuropsychopharmacology. 23 : 240-249 View in Article Scopus (0)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Meiran N.

et al. Old age is associated with a pattern of relatively intact and relatively impaired task-set switching abilities. J. Gerontol. Ser. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. 56 : P88-P102 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Dickens W.T.

Flynn J.R. Heritability estimates versus large environmental effects: the IQ paradox resolved. Psychol. Rev. 108 : 346 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Raizada R.D.S.

Poldrack R.A. Challenge-driven attention: interacting frontal and brainstem systems. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2 : 00000 View in Article Google Scholar

Galani R.

et al. The behavioral effects of enriched housing are not altered by serotonin depletion but enrichment alters hippocampal neurochemistry. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 88 : 1-10 View in Article Scopus (0)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Grilli M.

et al. Exposure to an enriched environment selectively increases the functional response of the pre-synaptic NMDA receptors which modulate noradrenaline release in mouse hippocampus. J. Neurochem. 110 : 1598-1606 View in Article Scopus (0)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Carlson M.C.

et al. Exploring the effects of an ‘everyday’ activity program on executive function and memory in older adults: Experience Corps®. Gerontologist. 48 : 793-801 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Brown B.S.

et al. Chronic response of rat brain norepinephrine and serotonin levels to endurance training. J. Appl. Physiol. 46 : 19-23 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Gordon R.

et al. Increased synthesis of norepinephrine and epinephrine in the intact rat during exercise and exposure to cold. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 153 : 440-447 View in Article PubMed

Google Scholar

Ebrahimi S.

et al. Central β-adrenergic receptors play an important role in the enhancing effect of voluntary exercise on learning and memory in rat. Behav. Brain Res. 208 : 189-193 View in Article Scopus (0)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Van Hoomissen J.D.

et al. Effects of β-adrenoreceptor blockade during chronic exercise on contextual fear conditioning and mRNA for galanin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Behav. Neurosci. 118 : 1378 View in Article Scopus (0)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Segal S.K.

et al. Exercise-induced noradrenergic activation enhances memory consolidation in both normal aging and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. J. Alzheimers Dis. 32 : 1011-1018 View in Article PubMed

Google Scholar

Scullion G.

et al. Chronic treatment with the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist fluparoxan prevents age-related deficits in spatial working memory in APP× PS1 transgenic mice without altering β-amyloid plaque load or astrocytosis. Neuropharmacology. 60 : 223-234 View in Article Scopus (0)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Van Dyck C.H. Guanfacine Treatment for Prefrontal Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Subjects. ClinicalTrials.gov , View in Article Google Scholar

Gu Q.

et al. Prescription Drug Use Continues to Increase: U.S. Prescription Drug Data for 2007-2008. NCHS Data Brief 42 , View in Article Google Scholar

Hajjar I.

et al. Cross-sectional and longitudinal association between antihypertensive medications and cognitive impairment in an elderly population. J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 60 : 67-73 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Paran E.

et al. Cognitive function and antihypertensive treatment in the elderly: a 6-year follow-up study. Am. J. Ther. 17 : 358-364 View in Article PubMed

Google Scholar

Prince M.J.

et al. Is the cognitive function of older patients affected by antihypertensive treatment? Results from 54 months of the Medical Research Council's treatment trial of hypertension in older adults. BMJ. 312 : 801-805 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

van Dongen P.A. The human locus coeruleus in neurology and psychiatry: Parkinson's, Lewy body, Hallervorden–Spatz, Alzheimer's and Korsakoff's disease, (pre) senile dementia, schizophrenia, affective disorders, psychosis. Prog. Neurobiol. 17 : 97-139 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Zarow C.

et al. Neuronal loss is greater in the locus coeruleus than nucleus basalis and substantia nigra in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Arch. Neurol. 60 : 337-341 View in Article Scopus (470)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Finley K.H.

Cobb S. The capillary bed of the locus coeruleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 73 : 49-58 View in Article Crossref

Google Scholar

Choy R.W-Y.

et al. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) traffics from the cell surface via endosomes for amyloid β (Aβ) production in the trans-Golgi network. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109 : E2077-E2082 View in Article Scopus (0)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Holroyd C.B. The waste disposal problem of effortful control. in: Braver T. Motivation and Cognitive Control. Psychology Press , : 235-260 View in Article Google Scholar

Kong Y.

et al. Norepinephrine promotes microglia to uptake and degrade amyloid β peptide through upregulation of mouse formyl peptide receptor 2 and induction of insulin-degrading enzyme. J. Neurosci. 30 : 11848-11857 View in Article Scopus (0)

PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Joshi S.

et al. Relationships between pupil diameter and neuronal activity in the locus coeruleus, colliculi, and cingulate cortex. Neuron. 89 : 1-14 View in Article Google Scholar

Ishigaki H.

et al. Change of pupil size as a function of exercise. J. Hum. Ergol. 20 : 61-66 View in Article PubMed

Google Scholar

Nielsen S.E.

Mather M. Comparison of two isometric handgrip protocols on sympathetic arousal in women. Physiol. Behav. 142 : 5-13 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Bradley M.M.

et al. Selective looking at natural scenes: hedonic content and gender. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 98 : 54-58 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Yoss R.E.

et al. Pupil size and spontaneous pupillary waves associated with alertness, drowsiness, and sleep. Neurology. 20 : 545 View in Article PubMed

Crossref

Google Scholar

Winn B.

et al. Factors affecting light-adapted pupil size in normal human subjects. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 35 : 1132-1137 View in Article PubMed

Google Scholar