The 15-year-old boy who scrawled graffiti on the window of a bus carrying Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa made headlines because he was photographed in the act.

But the vast majority of taggers roam the streets with impunity -- prompting police and community leaders to fight back with new high-tech tools that go well beyond cans of paint and roller brushes.

In Los Angeles, cleanup crews removed 27 million square feet of graffiti last year, up from 21 million square feet in 2004, officials said. In other areas of Los Angeles County, 13 million square feet of walls and other surfaces were cleaned, up from 9 million the previous year, according to county public works records.

And officials are finding graffiti in new and unexpected places.


“My staff goes to Compton all the time, but now we’re going to Malibu,” said Valerie Hill, manager of the county Department of Public Works’ graffiti abatement program. “There’s a ton up in Altadena, the San Gabriel Valley area ... the Covinas, the Glendoras. We never saw that before.”

Santa Clarita increased its cleanup efforts last fall in response to a surge in graffiti, while several Inland Empire communities have started offering rewards in hopes the public will turn taggers in. The city of Orange has seen a significant jump as well, with the cost of removing graffiti jumping nearly 40% over the last year, said Lyman Otley, Orange’s building and facilities superintendent.

“In the last three or four months, it’s been horrible,” said Riverside City Councilman Ed Adkison. “I suspect it runs in cycles, and for whatever reason people are out tagging right now.”

Why graffiti is on the rise is a mystery, although some police officials believe it is tied to a surge in gang-related crime over the last year.


“As the gang problem seems to be increasing, so does the gang graffiti,” said Paul Racs, director of Los Angeles’ Office of Community Beautification, adding that the city has seen surges in Venice, Pacific Palisades and other parts of the Westside. Much of the tagging is home-grown, from teens and tagging crews in these neighborhoods.

“These aren’t kids that are coming from some other part of the city and coming out to the Palisades to tag,” he said. “For the most part, people are staying in their own communities and tagging them up.”

Whatever the reason, police are looking for new ways to attack the problem.

They are using global positioning systems, mass data storage and digital photography to track graffiti vandals. The sophisticated tools allow police to amass evidence and build stronger cases against culprits than just a few years ago. Sheriff’s detectives are logging on to MySpace.com to catch taggers who use the social networking site to brag about their exploits.


“The technology five years ago wasn’t what it is today,” said Tim Kephart, founder of Graffiti Tracker Inc., which has contracts with 13 Southern California cities.

His system uses a camera fitted with a global positioning device to photograph and record the location of graffiti. Usually, a police officer or other city worker will take a picture of the tagging. A Graffiti Tracker analyst reviews the markings and categorizes them based on whether they appear to come from a gang or an individual tagger.

The information is then uploaded into an Internet database that police can search to determine patterns of graffiti incidents.

After two months of tracking graffiti on walls and lampposts, Sheriff’s Det. Scott Wolf of the department’s Carson station caught the tagger who called himself “Pakr,” one of the area’s leading graffiti vandals.


Driving in a dark-colored sedan on a chilly night, Wolf spotted the 15-year-old loitering outside a house. At first, the teen denied tagging, but after Wolf and Kephart confronted him with the evidence -- images of graffiti stored on Kephart’s hand-held computer -- Pakr admitted to 13 felony counts of graffiti vandalism, Wolf said.

For decades officials have battled graffiti, which has long been a marker for gangs. The vandalism surged in the early 1990s with the rise of “tagging crews” that were not associated with gangs but roamed the streets at night, leaving their marks on as many walls as possible.

Governments responded by hiring crews to promptly paint over graffiti and boosting night police patrols. Caltrans placed barbed wire and barriers on freeway signs to deter taggers. Those efforts reduced tagging -- for a while.

Many officials said the old way of fighting graffiti -- quickly painting over it -- is a failed strategy.


“The only result it has [is] if you get rid of graffiti right away, is you get rid of graffiti right away,” Kephart said. “The tagger will say, ‘What’s the worry, nobody’s tracking it, there’s no intelligence and no one’s coming after me.’ It makes them bolder.”

Tagging used to be a fairly anonymous criminal activity, with vandals striking by night with obscure monikers whose meaning was lost on most passersby. But that has changed with the proliferation of Internet communities.

For months, a 17-year-old who used the nickname “4mulaOne” bragged on his MySpace page about all the MTA trains and buses he had tagged across Los Angeles. He posted photographs of himself spray-painting buses under the headline: “I HIT UP WHILE YOU SLEEP.”

As his postings continued, he revealed more information -- including the nicknames of several fellow taggers -- and eventually let slip that he attended Belmont High School.


He also attached his tagging moniker and the name of his tagging crew.

After a trip to the dean’s office at Belmont, Sheriff’s Det. Kiley Hayden was able to determine the tagger responsible for $5,000 in damage to MTA property in four incidents. A 17-year-old was arrested on suspicion of vandalism.

Hayden’s department also investigated the vandalism last Monday of an MTA bus that Villaraigosa was using for a media event.

With thousands of vehicles moving through the region every day, the MTA is hard-hit by graffiti. The agency’s annual cleanup costs total $20 million.


Hayden is tracking at least half a dozen suspected taggers whose vital statistics were culled from MySpace pages. There is “Fame,” a Manual Arts High School student whose distinctive tags the detective has linked to many cases of bus vandalism. The Sheriff’s Department has 31 open cases on a tagger calling himself “Maze,” who also has a page on MySpace. His markings have been found on the Red, Blue and Green lines and on buses in downtown Los Angeles. (Authorities released the monikers publicly because they did not believe it would harm their investigations.)

Hayden, with the sheriff’s Transit Service Bureau, realized last April that the Internet could be used to hunt down taggers after an off-duty MTA bus driver spotted a picture of “4mulaOne” on MySpace and alerted authorities.

The driver, who requested anonymity out of fear of retribution, was scrolling through the site in search of former Belmont High classmates when he came upon the photograph. “I said, ‘Boy, that’s a bus,’ ” he said. “And the background page was cans of spray paint.”

The 40-year-old driver confronted the tagger via e-mail.


“Do you think this is right, what you’re doing?” the driver recalled asking the teenager. When the boy responded with an expletive, the driver went to his superiors.

“This is an illegal activity,” the driver said, noting that he recently kicked a teenager off his bus because the boy was using markers to tag.

“They’re looking for notoriety and recognition. We can’t have that. Not on my bus.”

But now, it seems, taggers are getting wise to detectives’ online sleuthing.


“Every body run ... it’s the cops,” a 16-year-old warned on a tagger’s message board. “Heads up, everyone, this is an alert, we’ve got the Feds checking our myspaces out! ... TO ALL TAGGERS = COPS ON MY SPACE!!!!!!”

amanda.covarrubias@latimes.com

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Times staff writers Tony Barboza and Jonathan Abrams contributed to this report.