Housing has been designated, services have been mandated and volunteers have offered clothing and services like rides and free language lessons. The town of Vorra in Germany is struggling to make room for migrants. Credit:Gordon Welters But along with hospitality, Germans are also showing hostility. In Vorra in December, and in the Saxon town of Troeglitz over the Easter weekend, arsonists set fire to renovated shelters just weeks before migrants were to move in. No suspects have been detained in either case. And some community leaders ready to accept the new arrivals have faced ugly threats and protests from people who fear or loathe outsiders. Similar tensions, and even acts of violence, have emerged elsewhere in Europe - including in Sweden, where fires and vandalism were reported at mosques - amid anti-immigrant marches and heightened rhetoric questioning everything from the worthiness of migrants to the soundness of immigration policies. The issue is feeding into nationalistic sentiments and politics.

Prompted by the deaths of more than 1500 people who drowned at sea this year while trying to reach the Continent, European leaders met on Thursday to discuss ways to stanch the flow of refugees fleeing the disintegration of Syria and Libya, or from farther afield in places like Afghanistan, Bangladesh or Mali. Leaders at the meeting promised to double their spending on border protection, and discussed plans to "identify, capture and destroy" smugglers' boats before they can set sail, but it may not be enough. As the influx to Italy, Greece, Spain and other parts of southern continues, in a quieter way, northern Europe has also been feeling the strain. "Wealthy Germany can afford to help," said Volker Herzog, the mayor of Vorra. The local pastor Reverend Bjorn Schukat said that instead, there is a tendency by authorities higher up the chain to simply announce that, for example, a dozen refugees are arriving - "and now you get on with it."

Generosity policy On May 8, German leaders will have their own summit meeting in Berlin to address a growing plea from mayors across the country for money and assistance in carrying out the federal mandate for each of Germany's 16 states to take their share of migrants, and figure out how to make room for them. Behind the worries is a government policy that calls on the 82 million people of Europe's biggest economy to be generous, particularly in taking in tens of thousands of Syrians. Federal and state authorities apportion the quotas and, increasingly, pay to renovate or rent apartments before sending the people to localities. There is widespread understanding that Germany's Nazi past and current wealth impose a particular obligation to accommodate those fleeing hardship and war. But the costs are being felt as social workers grapple with overcrowded reception centers and officials scramble to house asylum seekers while applications grind through Germany's complex bureaucracy. Federal authorities have already loosened employment restrictions to allow new arrivals to work after three months if they can do so without violating varying rules that stipulate states or regions where they can reside.

All in it together Accepting asylum seekers "is a common concern for everyone in Germany," Horst Seehofer, leader of the Bavarian sister party in Chancellor Angela Merkel's conservative bloc, said this month. As governor of Bavaria, with its large rural areas, he emphasised, "we will not leave the communities alone to cope." But this region, known as central Franconia, has three social workers for a current allocation of 1000 migrants. It could use 10, said Reverend Schukat. It was only last December that federal authorities allocated an extra 1 billion euros to the states and smaller communities to care for refugees this year and next. Just three weeks ago, Berlin was rebuffing calls for more. Now, more money is expected to flow from federal coffers after Merkel gathers with officials and politicians on May 8. In 2014, some 627,000 people applied for asylum in a European Union country, including 203,000 in Germany. That was more than anywhere else in the bloc, but proportionally, Germany ranked No. 8, with 2.5 asylum applicants per 1,000 inhabitants, compared to 8.4 per thousand in Sweden.

In a recent German poll, more than half the respondents said they thought there was strong hostility to foreigners in the country. The concern that Germany is inhospitable was also expressed this winter in pro-immigration demonstrations held nationwide to counter swelling anti-immigration marches, above all in Dresden. The arson attacks in Vorra and Troeglitz sent a signal that alarmed official Germany, ever conscious of the past. "We should not be surprised that our partners in the world note with great concern when refugee shelters burn in Germany, and that people follow exactly how German society is reacting," the foreign minister, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, told Die Welt a week after the attack in Troeglitz. But just as European statements do little for the Italian coast guard members recovering bodies in the Mediterranean, pronouncements from Berlin may not help German mayors struggling with the refugee issue.

Weeks before the arson attack, the mayor of Troeglitz, Markus Nierth, quit after far-right marchers opposed to the housing of migrants demonstrated outside his house. At least half a dozen politicians, from big city districts to tiny towns, subsequently told German news media of right-wing harassment and even death threats. In a telephone interview on Wednesday, Nierth said he was glad that federal authorities now seemed willing to do more, particularly financially. "It is really hard to make clear to some people that there is no money for a kindergarten, or a swimming pool, but there is money to put up refugees," he said. If the state or federal government absorbed the cost, hostility to refugees would diminish, he argued. In Vorra, Herzog, 52, a Social Democrat in a largely conservative state, has been mayor since 1996. He has spent his life in this valley, and is still rattled by the night of Dec. 12, when his panicked deputy called to report that the new refugee shelter was on fire. Daylight revealed the extent of the damage, estimated at 700,000 euros, and two swastikas daubed in red alongside a slogan, "No to asylum seekers in Vorra."

"I was speechless," Herzog said. "What was really so bad was that only two weeks earlier there had been an open day," where everyone "seemed really happy that a bit of life would return" to a long-closed guesthouse that was renovated for about 40 refugees. "From one night to the next morning," he sighed, showing a visitor the damage, "everything was destroyed." The New York Times