Researchers at the University of Central Lancashire have unveiled the highest-ever resolution images of the sun from NASA's solar sounding rocket mission.

The newly released photographs show the sun's outer layer is filled with previously unseen, incredibly fine magnetic threads, filled with extremely hot plasma.

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Until now, certain parts of the sun's atmosphere appeared dark or mostly empty, but the new images revealed strands that are about 500 kilometres (260 miles) in width - roughly the distance between London and Belfast - with hot electrified gases flowing inside them.

The ultra-sharp images were taken by NASA's High-Resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C), a unique astronomical telescope carried into space on a sub-orbital rocket flight.

The exact physical mechanism that is creating these pervasive hot strands remains unclear [University of Central Lancashire]

The telescope can pick out structures in the sun's atmosphere as small as 70km (43 miles) in size, or about 0.01 percent of its total size, making these the highest resolution images to ever be taken of the sun's atmosphere.

The exact physical mechanism that is creating these pervasive hot strands remains unclear, so scientists will now focus on why they are formed, and how their presence helps us understand the eruption of solar flares and solar storms that could affect life on Earth.

The international team of researchers are now planning to launch the Hi-C rocket mission again, this time overlapping their observations with two sun-observing spacecraft currently gathering further data, NASA's Parker Solar Probe and ESA's Solar Orbiter (SolO).

Scientists will investigate why hot strands are formed, and how their presence helps us understand the eruption of solar flares and solar storms that could affect life on Earth [University of Central Lancashire]

'Remarkable insight'

Dr Amy Winebarger, Hi-C principal investigator at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center stated: "These new Hi-C images give us a remarkable insight into the Sun's atmosphere. Along with ongoing missions such as Probe and SolO, this fleet of space-based instruments in the near future will reveal the Sun's dynamic outer layer in a completely new light."

Dr Tom Williams, a postdoctoral researcher at UCLan who worked on the Hi-C data, said the images will provide valuable insights into the sun's structure.

"This is a fascinating discovery that could better inform our understanding of the flow of energy through the layers of the sun and eventually down to Earth itself. This is so important if we are to model and predict the behaviour of our life-giving star," Williams said.

The research has been published in the Astrophysical Journal.