For more than 30 years, Ishmael Muslim Ali has lived a relatively full and unremarkable life in Cuba. He taught English in the nation’s public schools, worked as a translator and raised a family — a quiet coda for an international fugitive.

Or at least, that was the case until last month, when President Trump announced a partial halt to relations with Cuba unless certain conditions were met. Handing over Mr. Ali, who resides on the F.B.I.’s most-wanted list for hijacking an American Airlines flight and fleeing to Cuba to escape multiple life sentences for the murder of eight people, is one of those conditions.

Mr. Trump’s demands contained the usual requirements for Cuba: free and fair elections, allowing a political opposition and opening up its economy. But they also included a call for the extradition of all American convicts who had fled to the island for asylum. Among them are Assata Shakur, also known as Joanne Chesimard, who is wanted for escaping from prison while serving a life sentence for the murder of a New Jersey state trooper, and an estimated 70 others who have taken refuge in the communist nation.

As to the threat of being sent home, Mr. Ali, 69, harbors no concern. The Cuban government has already made it clear that the extradition of those granted asylum is off the table — along with the other demands laid out by the president.