Before the 14th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops even began, it was obvious it would be no friendly gathering of the Catholic Church’s leaders and laity when it came to gay rights and other social issues. While Pope Francis’ message of greater inclusion often played well with the press and a significant fraction of the faithful, some conservative cardinals, archbishops and bishops responded with negativity, anger and outright derision. Cardinal Raymond Burke said that the pope “cannot change church doctrine.” A controversial letter signed by 13 of the most conservative cardinals and archbishops, including New York’s Cardinal Timothy Dolan, and delivered as the synod was about to begin, criticized the process, saying it was “designed to facilitate predetermined results.” The pontiff called the synod to discuss “the vocation and mission of the family in the church and in the contemporary world.” And outside the Vatican walls, the very definition of family in the contemporary world has changed. Catholics get divorced and remarried. Catholic congregants and even priests are now openly gay. But as the world’s Catholics read the bishops’ official account of the synod, gay Catholics were bound to be disappointed. While the document said they should be “treated with respect” and should not fall victim to “unjust discrimination,” it effectively shut the door on same-sex marriage. In America many gay Catholics, gay priests and their supporters in the church are still hewing to Francis’ message of more tolerance and openness. They believe that the debate over the church’s attitude toward LGBT issues has only just begun and that the results of the synod are not going to derail it. Their lives and experiences reveal that in America there is a thriving culture of gay Catholics who openly embrace both their faith and their sexuality.

A 2004 report by the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York put the number of gay priests and seminarians at anywhere from 15 to 58 percent. One of those priests is the Rev. Fred Daley, now the pastor at All Saints Parish in Syracuse, New York. Spurred by what he called the “scapegoating” of gay priests during the church’s sex abuse scandal, Daley came out in 2004. He had been a priest for 30 years. His story shows the anguish that many gay priests often feel. When he first thought about becoming a priest, he says, his sexuality wasn’t an issue. “To be honest,” he says, “growing up as a kid in high school, I had no inkling of being gay.” He was three or four years into his priesthood, he says, when reality struck. “I became in touch with a sort of ache within me that was really my sexuality sort of bubbling forth, and I began to be in touch with sexual attractions, and I was horrified. I thought this was terrible and I’m going to go to hell.” He worked with a Jesuit spiritual adviser who, he says, “put me on a journey of recognizing my orientation, accepting it and ultimately rejoicing in who God created me to be.” It was a process that took nearly 10 years, and at the end of it, he says, “I was freely able to choose celibacy, because I really continued to feel the strong call to ordained ministry. But I discovered that I had the capacity for intimacy.” Celibacy is one of the the things that define the Roman Catholic priesthood. Priests may be gay or straight, as long as they’re celibate. When asked about gay priests, Francis famously said, “If someone is gay and he searches for the Lord and has goodwill, who am I to judge?” That’s miles from his predecessor Benedict XVI, who in 2005 signed a document that said men with “strong gay tendencies” should not be priests and, as Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger in 1986, authored a letter, approved by Pope John Paul II, calling homosexuality “intrinsically disordered.” That change in attitude has been embraced by gay Catholics, who have struggled to keep faith with a church that, at the top, has refused to recognize or respect the movement for LGBT rights.

‘If someone is gay and he searches for the Lord and has goodwill, who am I to judge?’ Pope Francis

Xorje Olivares is a 27-year old gay Catholic who works in LGBT media. When he was growing up in the small town of Eagle Pass, Texas, on the border with Mexico, coming out, even to his very religious family, was unthinkable. “I just never felt comfortable because of the cultural undertones of being — it’s this thing called machismo,” he says. “You’re supposed to be the manly person. ‘How dare you even consider being gay?’ That, mixed with the Catholic identity — I just wasn’t comfortable being out to my family.” When he moved to New York in 2010, he continued to go to Mass every Sunday, always alone, keeping his sexuality to himself. But last year, a man he was dating told him about Out at St. Paul, an LGBT group that meets at St. Paul the Apostle Church in Manhattan and whose members attend services together. It’s one of dozens of LGBT groups operating in Catholic churches across the country. “I thought, ‘What? There’s no way that there’s a Catholic church with an LGBT group,’” Olivares says. They asked him to be part of an “It Gets Better” video that the group was producing as part of an outreach effort to other LGBT Catholics, and they were looking for a Latino perspective. He admits being gay and Catholic can be conflicting. He says, “I think the older I’ve gotten, I’ve begun to realize how to separate the Catholic Church with a capital C, the political entity that needs to adhere to the harsh rhetoric that you’re hearing from the Vatican. I think that’s because they’re trying to appease the politics side of what it means to be Catholic. I just let it be what it is and think, ‘I’m not having a conversation with you. I’m having a conversation with God.’” Olivares points to the moment his group heard that the pope had met with Kim Davis — a county clerk in Tennessee who took a stance against same-sex marriage — as particularly “shattering.” It took days for the Vatican to clarify that the meeting was not private and that Davis was invited to a group meeting by the ultraconservative papal nuncio, Archbishop Carlo Maria Vigano. The meeting was an example of the battle between the liberal Francis and the conservative bishops, 60 percent of whom are said to oppose his views, according to a report in The Tablet, a Catholic newspaper. According to Sister Kate Kuenstler, a canon lawyer who fights cases at the Vatican’s courts, “for 30-something years, conservatism had full range to do whatever they wanted. All of a sudden, the deck chairs got shifted. In fact, the ship got shifted, and the ship is going in a different direction.”