Both John Doe investigations were launched by Milwaukee District Attorney John Chisholm. The first, in 2010, resulted in convictions of six of Walker's aides for actions including stealing money from a veterans' event and campaigning on public time. The second, launched in 2012, centered on whether Walker's 2012 recall campaign illegally coordinated with outside conservative groups. The state Supreme Court halted that probe in 2014, saying such coordination is legal as long as it doesn't become express advocacy, a political term for advertising that specifically asks voters to defeat or elect a candidate.