Rebellion in EM 2019: Care for Yourself – Sleep Hygiene via Arlene Chung, MD

Written by Salim Rezaie REBEL EM

Chronic sleep deprivation can affect health, performance, and safety. There are many causes of sleep deprivation including stresses of daily life, shift work, and unrecognized sleep disorders. In this talk from Rebellion in EM 2019, Arlene Chung, MD, facts about sleep deprivation, strategies to decrease sleep deprivation for shift workers, and reviews policy statements from the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP).

Rebellion in EM 2019: Care for Yourself – Sleep Hygiene via Arlene Chung, MD



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During my time working in a sleep lab, I learned quite a few facts about sleep and its history:

Randy Gardner: 17 year old who broke the Guiness book of world records by staying awake for 11 days and 24 mins (1964)

“On Sleep and Sleeplessness” First article on sleep by Aristotle (300 B.C.) Described a number of different ways the body reacts to sleep and vice versa Hypothesized that after eating, the digestive juices release fumes that travel to the brain and cause sleepiness



Allan Rechtshaffen “Disc Over Water” (1995) [1]

Comprised of a control and intervention rat

If intervention rat falls asleep, the disc starts to turn

If the intervention rat does not wake up and start walking, it falls into the water and wakes up

The control rat can sleep whenever it wants

Rats with total sleep deprivation lost fur, developed sores in fur, paws, and mouth

Human sleep studies observing those in shift work demonstrate:

effects of partial and total sleep deprivation

effects of disruption of the circadian rhythm

Which can lead to:

Decreased glucose tolerance

Decreased fine motor skills

Decreased concentration and memory

Increased irritability and mood swings

Increased risk for obesity

Increased risk for metabolic syndrome

Increased risk for cardiovascular disease

Meta analysis published in Obstetrics & Gynecology (2003) demonstrated:

women who have physically demanding jobs are at an increased risk for Preterm labor Small gestational age Increased risk of miscarriage Increase in menstrual disruption



National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates annually:

72,000 crashes can be attributed to drowsy driving

Up to 6,000 involve a fatality of up to 1 or more people involved

Shift work isn’t going away! Are we completely screwed?

ACEP policy statement: Emergency Physician Shift Work

“The effects of rotating shifts are cumulative and represent one of the most important reasons physicians leave the specialty”

Important tip for those of us who work shift work:

Pay attention to your sleep habits

Wellness and wellbeing can be both a physical and mental thing

There are some things we can do to improve our own sleep health

If we were to measure brain waves after consuming caffeine, it would think it is still awake

Try to cut out caffeine 6 hours prior to when you plan to sleep

Create a good sleep environment

Go pick up some black out curtains

Try eye masks, ear plugs, white noise machines, and cool temperatures

Do some education with family members: Mommy/Daddy is sleeping!

Have some portion of your sleep overlap with your anchor sleep Anchor sleep: normal, nighttime sleep If shift is 2300-0700, try to sleep 2100-2300 This will line up with your circadian rhythm and improve the quality of sleep



ACEP website has recommendations for overnight scheduling:

Limiting shifts after a certain age

Limiting shifts for those who are at risk for miscarriage or who have had previous miscarriages

On call rooms for people to sleep after night shifts

Friendly reminder:

Back in March, The Joint Commission clarified it is OKAY to have food and drink at your work stations

“It is not a pathogen exposure to have a cup of coffee at your computer if it is not in patient care area”

References:

Rechtschaffen A et al. Sleep deprivation in the rat by the disk-over-water method. Behave Brain Res 1995. PMID: 7546318

Post Transcribed By: Corinthia Stephanas Gonzales

Post Peer Reviewed By: Salim R. Rezaie, MD (Twitter: @srrezaie)