Anyone who has struggled with insomnia knows that the harder you try to sleep, the more likely you are to stay awake all night.

There have been stories of folks falling asleep in the chairs outside the emergency room of a hospital because it is there that they must do the opposite — stay awake – in order to articulate the severity of their insomnia. Trying too hard can surely backfire with sports, public speaking, any type of performance, dating, and just about everything at which you want to succeed.

Resolving the paradox of trying not to try, or securing relaxation in order to succeed, has engaged great thinkers throughout history.

Some of the most influential lived in China from the fifth to the third century B.C.E., hailing from the so-called Confucian and Daoist schools. So crucial was this concept that they all built their religious systems around the virtues of spontaneity and believed that overall success in life came as a byproduct of being at ease and the effectiveness that a person achieves when fully absorbed in an activity.

Edward Slingerland, professor of Asian studies at the University of British Columbia, explores the many facets of spontaneity and why it is so crucial to our well-being in his new book, Trying Not to Try: The Ancient Chinese Art and Modern Science of Spontaneity. He writes:

Our excessive focus in the modern world on the power of subconscious thought and the benefits of willpower and self-control causes us to overlook the pervasive importance of what might be called “body thinking”: tacit, fast, and semiautomatic behavior that flows from the unconscious with little or no conscious interference. The result is that we too often devote ourselves to pushing harder or moving faster in areas of our live where effort and striving are, in fact, profoundly counterproductive.

Slingerland introduces two concepts that are woven throughout Chinese thought: wu-wei, which translates literally as “no trying” or “no doing” (meaning “effortless action” or “spontaneous action”); and de, which means “virtue” or “charismatic power.” There are, however, different routes to them. Confucius believes that we achieve a state of wu-wei and get de through hard work, diligence and learning, by a process of self-cultivation that is grueling. Laozi, on the other hand, advises a person to “undo” or gradually unwind the mind and body, relaxing into a state of unselfconsciousness. Laozi’s happy place most likely resembles the “runner’s high,” what neuroscientists explain as the downregulation of the cognitive control regions in the prefrontal cortex that occurs during intense physical exercise.

I am intrigued by the concepts of wu-wei and de because my problem has always been trying too hard, forcing an outcome prematurely, ripping open the caterpillar’s chrysalis before the butterfly’s wings have developed . Ironically, the day Trying Not to Try arrived on my doorstep I had just sent my psychiatrist and therapist a new recovery program I designed to ensure I was doing absolutely everything I could to relieve myself of a stubborn depression that is really comfy inside my head.

My plan, which I implemented last week, includes:

mindfulness-based stress reduction course/weekly (plus weekend retreat)

45 minutes meditation/daily

sunbox light lamp 60 minutes/daily

prayer 15 minutes/daily (plus Sunday mass)

gratitude journal/daily

mood and sleep journal/daily

swim 200 laps/4 times weekly

run 6 miles/1 or 2 times weekly

yoga for 90 minutes/2 times weekly

meaningful work/20 hours week

green diet: based on leafy greens every meal, green smoothies, flax seed, fruit

no sugar, white flour, processed food

no dairy

reduced meat; heavy on lentils, beans

no caffeine

no alcohol

good sleep hygiene

psychotherapy/weekly or biweekly

psychiatric visit/monthly

medications and lab work

This might be a case where I am trying too hard. I just plugged in every effective tool I came across in my research for treating depression. But, as Slingerland explains, the mind-body-spirit doesn’t always respond to a calculation of efforts. One plus one doesn’t always equal two. He writes:

Our modern conception of human excellence is too often impoverished, cold, and bloodless. Success does not always come from thinking more rigorously or striving harder. In a world increasingly dominated by cram schools, treadmills (literal or otherwise), 24/7 connectivity, and punishing amounts of stress, seeing the world in terms of the power and grace of spontaneity can help us to make better sense of our work, our goals, and our relationships.

I suppose a little wu-wei and de should be added to my list.

Trying Not to Try: The Art & Science of Spontaneity