QOTD-GK-Japanese Encephalitis Virus is transmitted through infected mosquitoes of which species?

Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is transmitted through infected mosquitoes of ________ species.

A. Ades

B. Culex

C. Anopheles

D. Culiseta

Sol: B

Japanese Encephalitis is a viral disease caused due to Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV)- a member of genus Flavivirus, transmitted through mosquito bite of Culex species (mainly Culex tritaeniorhynchus). Pigs and Wild birds act as reservoir of the virus. It is mainly transmitted in monsoon season in tropics and subtropics region of the world. According to WHO, 24 countries in the South East Asia and Western Pacific regions have endemic JEV transmission, exposing more than 3 billion people to risks of infection.

JEV mainly affects children causing inflammation of the brain and the major symptoms in children include gastrointestinal pain and vomiting. The incubation period of the disease varies from 4 to 14 days. Other symptoms for severe disease includes high fever, headache, nose stiffness, seizures, etc. and ultimately death. The case-fatality rate can be 30%, while those who survive, suffer permanent neurological or behavioural issues like paralysis, inability to speak, etc.

There is no specific treatment for the disease but can be prevented through vaccination. Currently, four types of JE vaccine are in use viz. Inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccines, Inactivated Vero cell- derived vaccines, Live attenuated vaccines, and Live recombinant vaccines.

Hence, B is the correct Answer.

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