Iraqi prime minister Adil Abdul Mahdi has said he will resign after the latest outburst of violence and unrest in the country left at least 40 protesters dead over the course of 24 hours.

The announcement was met with celebrations among anti-government demonstrators who, for the past two months, have been protesting against corruption, rising youth unemployment levels and a lack of essential services such as electricity and water.

The country has seen an intensification in bloodshed in recent days, with Mr Abdul Mahdi calling upon the government to “act in the interests of Iraq; to preserve the blood of its people; and to avoid slipping into a cycle of violence, chaos and devastation” as he made clear his intention to submit a resignation request to parliament.

Since Wednesday night, deaths have been recorded in the cities of Nasiriya, Najaf and Baghdad, with military troops using live ammunition to disperse crowds and tackle the rising unrest.

In Nasiriya, at least 31 people were killed and 215 wounded after authorities opened fire on demonstrators blocking a number of key bridges in the city.

Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Show all 17 1 /17 Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Iraqi protesters take cover behind a barricade on Al-Jumhuriya Bridge during an anti-government demonstration in the Iraqi capital Baghdad on 25 October, 2019. AFP/Getty Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Protesters push down concrete walls during a protest over corruption, lack of jobs, and poor services, in Baghdad. Reuters Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Anti-government protesters try to break into the provincial council building during a demonstration in Basra. AP Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Iraqi women protesters march with national flags during an anti-government demonstration in the central holy shrine city of Najaf. AFP/Getty Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire An Iraqi protester uses a mobile phone to take a selfie photo with an army soldier standing atop a humvee during a demonstration outside the local government headquarters in the southern city of Basra. AFP/Getty Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Iraqi protesters gather during an anti-government demonstration at the burning local government headquarters in Nasiriyah, the capital of Iraq's southern province of Dhi Qar. AFP/Getty Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Iraqi protesters wave a national flag as they stand atop the gatehouse to the local government headquarters in the southern city of Basra. AFP/Getty Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire An Iraqi protester throws back a tear gas canister fired by security forces amid clashes during an anti-government demonstration in Baghdad. AFP/Getty Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Iraqi protesters carry away an injured protester following clashes during an anti-government demonstration in Baghdad. AFP/Getty Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Iraqi security forces stand guard on Al-Jumhuriya Bridge during an anti-government demonstration in Baghdad. AFP/Getty Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Anti-government protesters gather in Tahrir Square during a demonstration in central Baghdad. AP Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire The burning local government headquarters in Nasiriyah, the capital of Iraq's southern province of Dhi Qar. AFP/Getty Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Protesters take cover behind a concrete barricade during a demonstration in Baghdad. AFP/Getty Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Iraqi paramedics help injured protesters in Baghdad. AFP/Getty Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Iraqi protesters gather in Baghdad. AFP/Getty Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire An Iraqi protester takes cover between concrete barricades in Baghdad. AFP/Getty Iraq protests: Death toll soars as live rounds and tear gasfire Protesters take cover from teargas canisters fired by security forces in Baghdad. AFP/Getty

It followed the burning of the Iranian consulate in Najaf, where a further five protesters were fatally shot on Thursday evening after attempting to set alight a central mosque, officials say. Another four people died in Baghdad during a series of clashes.

The government crackdown has seen at least 350 people killed and 15,000 injured since 1 October, when thousands took to the streets in the capital and the south in protest against corruption, rising youth unemployment levels and a lack of essential services such as electricity and water.

“Crisis cells” are set to be established by the Iraqi military across the affected provinces and cities “for the importance of controlling security and enforcing the law,” authorities say.

Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr urged Iraq’s government to resign “immediately to stop the bloodletting,” while imploring protesters to maintain the peace.

Amnesty International has demanded an end to the “brutal onslaught” and “appalling violence against largely peaceful protesters.”

Across Baghdad and the country’s southern cities, protesters have been staging sit-ins, obstructing roads and closing major highways leading to Iraq’s two main ports at Umm Qasr and al-Zubair.

In the oil-rich city of Nasiriya, those killed by security forces had been blocking the Nasr and Zaitoun bridges leading to the town centre. Security forces moved in late on Wednesday to open the main thoroughfare, with more troops brought in throughout Thursday from neighbouring Najaf and Diwanieh provinces to contain the violence, officials said.

A similar scale of suppression was enforced in the capital after demonstrators sought to cross the city’s strategic Ahrar Bridge and move towards the so-called Green Zone that holds Iraq’s parliament.

The attack on the Iranian consulate in Najaf has meanwhile been condemned by Tehran, which has called for a “responsible, strong and effective” response by the Iraqi government.

An Iraqi man mourns his brother at a funeral procession for anti-government demonstrators killed during protests in Najaf (Getty)

Iraq’s ministry of foreign affairs said the attack was perpetrated by “people outside of the genuine protesters” seeking to harm relations between the countries.

Those who broke into the consulate allowed the Iranian employees to escape unharmed but took down the building’s flag and replaced it with an Iraqi one. A curfew was later imposed in the city, with a heavy security presence implemented around central government buildings and religious institutions.

This is the second attack on an Iranian consulate in Iraq this month after an office in Karbala was targeted by protesters three weeks ago.

Baghdad has sought to curtail news of the protests and of the killing of demonstrators by snipers. Although some nine TV channels have been shut and the internet closed for long periods, attempts to suppress information have proven futile due to the widespread nature of the unrest.

The protests against the Iraqi government began on a small scale at the start of October and were not unprecedented in terms of the demands being made.

Demonstrators sit on a barrier amid clashes with security forces in Baghdad’s al-Rasheed street (Getty)

Similar demonstrations were staged in Baghdad in 2016 and Basra in 2018, but in both cases there was no significant loss of life. This year, however, Iraqi riot police and pro-Iranian paramilitary forces opened fire into the crowds, killing at least 10 people on the first day.

This violent overreaction by the authorities turned a small protest into the biggest threat to the political status quo in Iraq since the US invasion and the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003.

Frustration and anger has been directed against Mr Abdul Mahdi, who came to power just over a year ago, having promised a number of reforms which failed to materialise.

The prime minister subsequently announced schemes to reduce employment and said he would reshuffle his cabinet, but the protests have continued, with demonstrators insisting that their demands have not been met.