With hundreds of European Muslim youths going abroad to fight international jihad, governments chose to ignore a possible blowback problem, seeing local minority communities as a pool of potential recruits, Oxford University historian Mark Almond told RT.

RT:Do you agree those European Muslims who go to fight in Syria present a threat to their home countries - or is that an exaggeration?



Mark Almond: I think there is a threat. Obviously we are talking about a relatively small number of people out of the millions of Muslims who live in the European Union. The problem however is that even if 0.1 percent of people risk being radicalized, and we are talking now well over a thousand, possibly several thousand people from the European Union countries have either gone to Syria or involved in the kind of pipeline of radicalization and supplying people going there. We do have therefore a subgroup that is a threat. And we had actions, violent actions in France, in Britain and in other countries where this has come to the surface of people who have been radicalized elsewhere, sometimes in Syria and other parts of North Africa for instance or in Somalia.



RT:What do you think prompts those people to join the Islamists in Syria - do they share their political aims of toppling Assad - or is it religious ones?



MA: I think we have two sorts of angles. On one hand, the individuals themselves may have all sorts of frustrations including teenage adolescent angers and frustrations of being part of a minority in a society that they perhaps don’t feel wholly integrated in. They become in some ways more religious than perhaps their parents were.



But also there are people who seek out and recruit them. And I think we do have to accept, particularly in Britain that we have paradox of contradictory situation that some of the groups the British government sponsors domestically in what they call counter radicalization groups, foundations found by the tax payer to in sense come down the radicals, actually also acts as conduits for people going into Libya in 2011, now going to Syria today. So we have to face the problem.



To some extent, there is an intermixing of a kind of personal psychological and other reasons why some might become very radical with people who are recruiting, grooming and sending off. And some of those people have found official connections in Britain, in Norway, in France too.

RT:Is there an argument to say the European countries, by openly supporting the Syrian opposition, are unwittingly encouraging their Muslim citizens to join their ranks?



MA: I think there is a risk of this. Now perhaps belatedly we see people like the British Foreign Secretary William Hague suddenly noticing that this radicalization is there. It has been going on now for almost three years, perhaps even before that.



One problem is the element of collusion. Remember that the intelligence services in countries like Britain and France see their migrant Muslim communities as a pool of potential recruits to provide them with agents, informants and so on in the wider Middle Eastern world where Muslims live.



And so there has been a few hyper tendencies to turn a blind eye to the problem of ‘blowback’ as they called it from Afghanistan. The West has supported radical groups in the past going back to 1980s in Afghanistan, overlooking that these groups do have their own agenda; they don’t necessarily just want to do what the puppet master has asked them to do. And they certainly turn and bite their hand. But the hand is not necessarily that of the person who has helped to groom them and send them but ordinary civilians, ordinary citizens in the society, whether people shopping at West Gate Center in Nairobi a few weeks ago or walking down the street in Woolwich back in May in this country for instance.

