Most anglers are familiar with frigate birds (Fregata spp.), but did you know they lack the ability to dive below the ocean's surface or even land on the water to obtain food? The birds have atrophied uropygial (preen) glands located at the base of the tail. These glands in other seabirds produce oil that the birds apply to their feathers with their beaks, to waterproof them. However, lacking this ability, water clings to the feathers of frigates, which would prevent them from flying. Frigates use their superb flying abilities to gather food in situations that don’t require immersion, often resorting to kleptoparasitism — taking food away from other birds — to supplement their food intake. They are also remarkably adept at plucking items from the ground or ocean while remaining in flight. — Ray Waldner, P.D., Palm Beach Atlantic University, Florida

Pat Ford