Germany is to push for progress towards a European army by advocating a joint headquarters and shared military assets, according to defence plans that could ricochet into Britain's EU referendum campaign. Although Berlin has long paid lip-service to forming a "European defense union", the white paper is one of the most significant for Germany in recent years and may be seized by anti-integration Brexit campaigners as a sign where the bloc is heading. Initially scheduled to emerge shortly before the June 23 referendum vote but now probably delayed to July, the draft paper seen by the Financial Times outlines steps to gradually co-ordinate Europe's patchwork of national militaries and embark on permanent co-operation under common structures. In this and other areas, its tone reflects Germany's growing clout and confidence in pursuing a foreign policy backed by elements of hard power. Initiatives range from strengthening cyberwarfare abilities to contentious proposals to relax the postwar restrictions on army operations within Germany.

"German security policy has relevance — also far beyond our country," the paper states. "Germany is willing to join early, decisively and substantially as a driving force in international debates . . . to take responsibility and assume leadership". Jan Techau, a former defense official at Carnegie Europe, said: "This is the time of a new Germany. This is probably the first time a German defence white paper is something like important." At the European level, the paper calls for "the use of all possibilities" available under EU treaties to establish deep co-operation between willing member states, create a joint civil-military headquarters for EU operations, a council of defense ministers, and better co-ordinate the production and sharing of military equipment. "The more we Europeans are ready to take on a greater share of the common burden and the more our American partner is prepared to go along the road of common decision-making, the further the transatlantic security partnership will develop greater intensity and richer results," the paper states.

Resistance to serious defense integration is well entrenched in many EU states and has hobbled efforts to make meaningful progress in common defense. Co-ordinated hard military power in Europe remains largely the preserve of Nato. However, about 37 EU security missions have been launched since 2003, including recent operations in Mali and against piracy. If vigorously pursued in Brussels, Germany's call for joint civil military headquarters would be an important step in enhancing the bloc's capabilities and ambitions. "The creation of a European army is a long way off, but it is a strategic necessity to implement important steps to pave the way towards it now," wrote Roderich Kiesewetter, a Bundestag foreign affairs committee member, in a recent paper. More from the Financial Times :



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Worries mount over China's bond market Berlin is aware that its call for more European defense — long a bugbear of British Eurosceptics — could inadvertently resonate in the UK referendum campaign. Although publication was first expected in early June, this has been delayed to July, according to people familiar with the process. Liam Fox, former UK defense secretary and Brexit supporter, said that "many in the European project see Nato as an impediment to ever closer union". Mr Fox added: "Their every instinct is to move towards European defense co-operation. The problem is that while they are unwilling to spend money, it is a dangerous fantasy that diverts money away from Nato."