Quickstart: Compose and Rails

Estimated reading time: 8 minutes

This Quickstart guide shows you how to use Docker Compose to set up and run a Rails/PostgreSQL app. Before starting, install Compose.

Define the project

Start by setting up the files needed to build the app. The app will run inside a Docker container containing its dependencies. Defining dependencies is done using a file called Dockerfile . To begin with, the Dockerfile consists of:

FROM ruby:2.5 RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y nodejs postgresql-client RUN mkdir /myapp WORKDIR /myapp COPY Gemfile /myapp/Gemfile COPY Gemfile.lock /myapp/Gemfile.lock RUN bundle install COPY . /myapp # Add a script to be executed every time the container starts. COPY entrypoint.sh /usr/bin/ RUN chmod +x /usr/bin/entrypoint.sh ENTRYPOINT ["entrypoint.sh"] EXPOSE 3000 # Start the main process. CMD ["rails", "server", "-b", "0.0.0.0"]

That’ll put your application code inside an image that builds a container with Ruby, Bundler and all your dependencies inside it. For more information on how to write Dockerfiles, see the Docker user guide and the Dockerfile reference.

Next, create a bootstrap Gemfile which just loads Rails. It’ll be overwritten in a moment by rails new .

source 'https://rubygems.org' gem 'rails', '~>5'

Create an empty Gemfile.lock to build our Dockerfile .

touch Gemfile.lock

Next, provide an entrypoint script to fix a Rails-specific issue that prevents the server from restarting when a certain server.pid file pre-exists. This script will be executed every time the container gets started. entrypoint.sh consists of:

#!/bin/bash set -e # Remove a potentially pre-existing server.pid for Rails. rm -f /myapp/tmp/pids/server.pid # Then exec the container's main process (what's set as CMD in the Dockerfile). exec " $@ "

Finally, docker-compose.yml is where the magic happens. This file describes the services that comprise your app (a database and a web app), how to get each one’s Docker image (the database just runs on a pre-made PostgreSQL image, and the web app is built from the current directory), and the configuration needed to link them together and expose the web app’s port.

version: '3' services: db: image: postgres volumes: - ./tmp/db:/var/lib/postgresql/data environment: POSTGRES_PASSWORD: password web: build: . command: bash -c "rm -f tmp/pids/server.pid && bundle exec rails s -p 3000 -b '0.0.0.0'" volumes: - .:/myapp ports: - "3000:3000" depends_on: - db

Tip: You can use either a .yml or .yaml extension for this file.

Build the project

With those files in place, you can now generate the Rails skeleton app using docker-compose run:

docker-compose run web rails new . --force --no-deps --database=postgresql

First, Compose builds the image for the web service using the Dockerfile . Then it runs rails new inside a new container, using that image. Once it’s done, you should have generated a fresh app.

List the files.

$ ls -l total 64 -rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 222 Jun 7 12:05 Dockerfile -rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 1738 Jun 7 12:09 Gemfile -rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 4297 Jun 7 12:09 Gemfile.lock -rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 374 Jun 7 12:09 README.md -rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 227 Jun 7 12:09 Rakefile drwxr-xr-x 10 vmb staff 340 Jun 7 12:09 app drwxr-xr-x 8 vmb staff 272 Jun 7 12:09 bin drwxr-xr-x 14 vmb staff 476 Jun 7 12:09 config -rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 130 Jun 7 12:09 config.ru drwxr-xr-x 3 vmb staff 102 Jun 7 12:09 db -rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 211 Jun 7 12:06 docker-compose.yml -rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 184 Jun 7 12:08 entrypoint.sh drwxr-xr-x 4 vmb staff 136 Jun 7 12:09 lib drwxr-xr-x 3 vmb staff 102 Jun 7 12:09 log -rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 63 Jun 7 12:09 package.json drwxr-xr-x 9 vmb staff 306 Jun 7 12:09 public drwxr-xr-x 9 vmb staff 306 Jun 7 12:09 test drwxr-xr-x 4 vmb staff 136 Jun 7 12:09 tmp drwxr-xr-x 3 vmb staff 102 Jun 7 12:09 vendor

If you are running Docker on Linux, the files rails new created are owned by root. This happens because the container runs as the root user. If this is the case, change the ownership of the new files.

sudo chown -R $USER : $USER .

If you are running Docker on Mac or Windows, you should already have ownership of all files, including those generated by rails new .

Now that you’ve got a new Gemfile, you need to build the image again. (This, and changes to the Gemfile or the Dockerfile, should be the only times you’ll need to rebuild.)

docker-compose build

Connect the database

The app is now bootable, but you’re not quite there yet. By default, Rails expects a database to be running on localhost - so you need to point it at the db container instead. You also need to change the database and username to align with the defaults set by the postgres image.

Replace the contents of config/database.yml with the following:

default: &default adapter: postgresql encoding: unicode host: db username: postgres password: password pool: 5 development: <<: *default database: myapp_development test: <<: *default database: myapp_test

You can now boot the app with docker-compose up:

docker-compose up

If all’s well, you should see some PostgreSQL output.

rails_db_1 is up-to-date Creating rails_web_1 ... done Attaching to rails_db_1, rails_web_1 db_1 | PostgreSQL init process complete ; ready for start up. db_1 | db_1 | 2018-03-21 20:18:37.437 UTC [ 1] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0" , port 5432 db_1 | 2018-03-21 20:18:37.437 UTC [ 1] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::" , port 5432 db_1 | 2018-03-21 20:18:37.443 UTC [ 1] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432" db_1 | 2018-03-21 20:18:37.726 UTC [ 55] LOG: database system was shut down at 2018-03-21 20:18:37 UTC db_1 | 2018-03-21 20:18:37.772 UTC [ 1] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections

Finally, you need to create the database. In another terminal, run:

docker-compose run web rake db:create

Here is an example of the output from that command:

vmb at snapair in ~/sandbox/rails $ docker-compose run web rake db:create Starting rails_db_1 ... done Created database 'myapp_development' Created database 'myapp_test'

View the Rails welcome page!

That’s it. Your app should now be running on port 3000 on your Docker daemon.

On Docker Desktop for Mac and Docker Desktop for Windows, go to http://localhost:3000 on a web browser to see the Rails Welcome.

If you are using Docker Machine, then docker-machine ip MACHINE_VM returns the Docker host IP address, to which you can append the port ( <Docker-Host-IP>:3000 ).

Stop the application

To stop the application, run docker-compose down in your project directory. You can use the same terminal window in which you started the database, or another one where you have access to a command prompt. This is a clean way to stop the application.

vmb at snapair in ~/sandbox/rails $ docker-compose down Stopping rails_web_1 ... done Stopping rails_db_1 ... done Removing rails_web_run_1 ... done Removing rails_web_1 ... done Removing rails_db_1 ... done Removing network rails_default

Restart the application

To restart the application run docker-compose up in the project directory.

Rebuild the application

If you make changes to the Gemfile or the Compose file to try out some different configurations, you need to rebuild. Some changes require only docker-compose up --build , but a full rebuild requires a re-run of docker-compose run web bundle install to sync changes in the Gemfile.lock to the host, followed by docker-compose up --build .

Here is an example of the first case, where a full rebuild is not necessary. Suppose you simply want to change the exposed port on the local host from 3000 in our first example to 3001 . Make the change to the Compose file to expose port 3000 on the container through a new port, 3001 , on the host, and save the changes:

ports: - "3001:3000"

Now, rebuild and restart the app with docker-compose up --build .

Inside the container, your app is running on the same port as before 3000 , but the Rails Welcome is now available on http://localhost:3001 on your local host.

More Compose documentation