POPAYÁN, Colombia—The ravages of the pandemic have begun here now, and as it worsens millions of Venezuelan migrants pose a tremendous challenge to fragile infrastructure throughout Central and South America, where poor living conditions and a lack of resources mean they are largely defenseless against the novel coronavirus.

That would be bad enough. But recent moves by the Trump administration could make the situation incalculably worse.

“ The Trump Administration has signaled that it will continue to institute collective punishment on everyday Venezuelans, a punishment that will grow even more deadly as the virus spreads ” — Cavan Kharriazan, Center for Economic Policy and Research

In the middle of the enormous health crisis sweeping the United States and devastating the world economy, President Donald Trump has decided to double down on his efforts to drive Venezuelan head of state Nicolás Maduro from power.

On Wednesday Trump announced plans to deploy warships and aircraft near Venezuelan waters, allegedly to intercept cocaine shipments but clearly intended to further isolate and intimidate Maduro’s “socialist” regime. Just last week the U.S. Justice Department charged Maduro with drug trafficking and put a $15 million dollar price on his head, a move apparently aimed at fomenting dissent among the nation’s officer corps.

Trump’s State Department also has imposed new sanctions that are more crippling than ever, despite the pandemic, further weakening Venezuela’s already frail health-care system. The net result is less likely to be a change of regime in Venezuela than a complete COVID-19 meltdown. Experts warn that the fallout could trigger a rampant exodus of the infected and desperate, destabilizing the entire region.

“The Trump administration has signaled that it will continue to institute collective punishment on everyday Venezuelans, a punishment that will grow even more deadly as the virus spreads,” Cavan Kharrazian, a Venezuela specialist with the Center for Economic Policy and Research [CEPR] in Washington, tells The Daily Beast. “This will inevitably lead to Venezuelans seeking treatment and relief in already strained neighboring countries, risking further spread across borders.”

Conditions in Colombia already are dire. The number of confirmed cases is, as of this writing, 1,267 with 25 deaths. But a lack of available test kits means the true number is likely much higher, and the fearsome exponential spread of the disease in many countries suggests a doubling of infections approximately every three days.

One prominent epidemiologist has predicted the total collapse of the national health system in Colombia—a close U.S. ally—by early April. Panic already has resulted in widespread looting and prison riots that left 23 dead and more than 80 inmates wounded.

The looming shortages of food, hospital beds, and medical supplies mean expatriated Venezuelans will be among the hardest hit. The Norwegian Refugee Council has warned that the vulnerable, largely impoverished population of migrants represent a potential powder keg: Countries like Colombia could be faced with “carnage” if—or when—COVID-19 sweeps through the camps and barrios where they have taken refuge.

About 90 percent of Venezuelan immigrants in Colombia work in the informal economy, meaning the ongoing and strictly enforced quarantine has rendered them instantly jobless and with nothing to fall back on. According to the news site Colombia Reports, hundreds of refugee families in Bogotá already have been displaced all over again—evicted because they couldn’t pay the rent.

Due to the pandemic “refugees and migrants from Venezuela face specific risks,” says Olga Sarrado, a spokesperson for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), in an email to The Daily Beast.

“Many depend on daily wages to pay their rent, buy food, and purchase needed medicine,” Sarrado says. “Others are living in the streets without a shelter,” making it impossible “to follow the quarantine and self-isolation measures.”

Those factors could facilitate an even faster rate of transmission for the novel coronavirus.

“Migrants, especially those without stable housing, will be stuck in limbo and forced into dangerous living conditions, such as over-crowded facilities,” says Kharrazian of CEPR.

“ The novel coronavirus has left many of the 4.5 million Venezuelan refugees scattered throughout Latin America with nowhere left to run. ”

The barrio called Sindical, on the outskirts of the provincial capital of Popayán in southern Colombia, is home to a large contingent of at-risk Venezuelan exiles. These streets, once full of despecho music and empanada vendors, have fallen eerily silent. At night the residents light votive candles in their windows, on their stoops. Kindled pleas that the families inside might be spared from viral outbreak and economic backlash alike.

“I don’t know what we’re going to do now. We’ve nothing left for rent or food,” says Kenny Oramas, 45, as he gazes out over the barrio ’s shuttered park, the padlocked soccer pitch.

“I get paid by the day,” says Oramas, a father of two who paints cars at a nearby body shop that’s now closed for the national lockdown, which could extend through June or beyond. “If I can’t work nobody will give us anything. It’s very hard to see our kids go hungry. To see my wife worry we’ll be tossed out in the street.”

Like many refugees, Oramas is an undocumented immigrant who left his homeland in 2018 due to rising scarcity, inflation, unemployment, and to give his family “a more dignified kind of life.”

The novel coronavirus has left Oramas and many of the 4.5 million other Venezuelan refugees scattered throughout Latin America with nowhere left to run. And the strictly enforced quarantine means aid workers in high-risk zones like Sindical are faced with limited mobility and resources.

“Now, with the virus here, we’re worse off than we were in Venezuela,” Oramas says, but with legal border crossings closed there’s no going back.

“All we can do is trust in God,” he says.