MANILA — The police have charged members of the Philippine political opposition — including the country’s vice president — with sedition and other offenses for reportedly plotting to oust President Rodrigo Duterte, charges they described Friday as harassment to intimidate critics of the increasingly autocratic leader.

The charges against the 36 people, including Vice President Leni Robredo, several senators and Catholic officials, are aimed at those who have been sharply critical of Mr. Duterte’s war on drugs and other actions, like his crackdown on the news media.

The charges were filed Thursday by the national police, which said Ms. Robredo and the others planned to link Mr. Duterte, his family and government officials to drug syndicates. If convicted, they face between six and 12 years in prison. As of Friday, no warrants had been issued for their arrests.

Those charged Thursday have been accused of conspiring with a man who appeared in a series of online videos that say that Mr. Duterte has ties to drug syndicates. The police apprehended the man in the videos, Peter John Advincula, who then told investigators he made up the accusations against Mr. Duterte to discredit him and destabilize his government in a plot concocted by the president’s opponents.