Around 5,000 twins and their families across the UK have been recruited from the TwinsUK cohort study to trial the app, which tracks in real-time how the disease progresses. The aim of the app is to help slow the outbreak, by helping researchers identify:

How fast the virus is spreading in your area

High-risk areas in the country

Who is most at risk, by better understanding symptoms linked to underlying health conditions

Twins using the app will record information about their health on a daily basis, including temperature, tiredness and symptoms such as coughing, breathing problems or headaches. Any participants showing signs of COVID-19 will be sent a home testing kit to better understand what symptoms truly correspond to the coronavirus infection. Researchers believe this is clinically urgent given the current limits on testing.

The app will be also available to the general public without the home testing component of the study.

Comparing genetically identical twins with non-identical twins, who are as related as regular siblings, will enable researchers to separate the effects of genes from environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, previous illnesses and infections, and the microbes within the gut (microbiome).

Samples taken from the twin group will be used to generate a biobank for use in future research projects investigating infection and immune responses.

Researchers believe that the data from the study will reveal important information about the symptoms and progress of the COVID-19 infection in different people, and why some go on to develop more severe or fatal disease while others have only mild symptoms.

They also say it will help the urgent clinical need to distinguish mild coronavirus symptoms from seasonal coughs and colds, which may be leading people to unnecessarily self-isolate when they aren’t infected or inadvertently go out and spread the disease when they are.

Led by Professor Tim Spector, professor of genetic epidemiology at King’s, TwinsUK is a scientific study of 15,000 identical and non-identical twins, which has been running for nearly three decades. Most already have taken part in comprehensive genetic analysis and immune profiling, as well as detailed gut microbiome profiling. At least 5,000 members of the existing twin cohort and their families are expected to sign up for this new study.

The free monitoring app has been developed as a partnership between researchers at King’s and health data science company ZOE - itself a spin-out from King’s - and will be widely available to health staff and the general public who wish to contribute to this research. It will also be used by other large population studies in the UK and US.

Professor Tim Spector said: “These are worrying times for everyone. Our twins are fantastically committed, enthusiastic health research participants who have already been studied in unprecedented detail, putting us in a unique position to provide vital answers to support the global fight against COVID-19. The more of the public that also use the app, the better the real-time data we will have to combat the outbreak in this country.”

The TwinsUK COVID-19 research study is funded by King’s College London, ZOE Global Ltd, the CDRF charity, and the National Institute of Health Research Guy’s and St Thomas’ Biomedical Research Centre. Any data gathered from the app and study will be used strictly for public health or academic research and will not be used commercially or sold.

More information and FAQs about the app are available here.

Lead investigators:

Professor Tim Spector, Head, Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology

Professor Charles Wolfe, Head, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences

Professor Michael Malim, Head of School, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences

Professor Adrian Hayday, Professor of Immunobiology

Professor Matt Brown, Director, GSTT-KCL NIHR BRC

ZOE: data protection details

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