What Does Life in Space Do To You?

NASA

From trouble sleeping to wimpy muscles, living on board the International Space Station really does a number on the human body.



Get to know how your body could react to life in orbit with these 6 fun facts:



FIRST STOP: Astronauts Get Taller

You Grow Taller

NASA

During the six months that most astronauts spend on the International Space Station, they can grow up to 3 percent taller. Without gravity, the spine is free to expand, making the spaceflyers taller, even when they first return to Earth.



The astronauts return to their preflight height after a few months of being back within the planet's gravity.



NEXT: Puffy Faces and Skinny Legs

Puffy Faces and Skinny Legs

NASA TV

When on Earth, the fluids in the human body are distributed unevenly because of gravity. Most fluid pools in the lower extremities, leaving little fluid in the top of the body. Life in orbit changes all of that.



For the first few weeks of spaceflight, most astronauts appear to have a puffy head and skinny legs. The fluid in their bodies redistributes evenly when gravity isn't playing a role in their biological systems. After a little time in orbit, however, the body adapts to the new distribution of fluids, and the astronauts don't appear as puffy.



NEXT: Coordination Trouble on Earth

Coordination Conundrum After Landing

NASA

After coming home from a stint on the space station, many astronauts have reported difficulty adjusting back to gravity.



Sometimes, spaceflyers will drop things, forgetting that gravity is influential back on Earth. After six months in microgravity conditions, it is difficult to adjust to life in a place where materials fall if you drop them.



NEXT: Muscle Meltdown

Muscle Mass Meltdown

NASA

In the weightlessness of space, muscles aren't needed to support the body. An astronaut's muscles start to adapt to that change almost immediately. Instead of maintaining the usual base of muscle mass needed for life on Earth, astronauts' bodies quickly get to work ridding themselves of unnecessary tissue.



Although this might be ideal in space, it's problematic once back on Earth. Astronauts have to exercise for two hours a day on the space station just to maintain a healthy amount of muscle mass that they will need once they are back on the planet.



NEXT: My Aching Bones!

Bone Density Loss

NASA TV.

All that exercise on the space station also helps prevent bone-density loss. Each month, astronauts could lose up to 1 percent of their bone density if they don’t get enough exercise.



There are two treadmills and two stationary bicycles on board the space station to help the residents keep in shape during their time in orbit.



NEXT: Tossing and Turning in Space

You Can't Sleep

"Inside my Sleep Pod - it serves as my bedroom, recording studio, and twitter zone while on the Space Station. pic.twitter.com/Mw7FeHVB"

Astronauts have reported seeing flashes of light zap through their eyes as they try to rest, making it difficult for them to sleep on the space station.



The flashes are actually from cosmic rays — high-energy particles that beam through the solar system — shooting through the orbiting outpost. Spaceflyers have described the flashes as "fireworks" or "streaks." Although the radiation from the cosmic rays can build up over time, the particles don't pose too much of a risk during the limited time that astronauts spend on the station.



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