A tapestry showing St. Marie Alphonsine Ghattas hangs from a balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica at the Vatican, Sunday, May 17, 2015. Pope Francis canonized two nuns from what was 19th century Palestine on Sunday in hopes of encouraging Christians across the Middle East who are facing a wave of persecution from Islamic extremists. Sisters Mariam Bawardy and Marie Alphonsine Ghattas were among four sisters who were made saints Sunday at a Mass in a sun-soaked St. Peter’s Square. (AP Photo) A tapestry showing St. Marie Alphonsine Ghattas hangs from a balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica at the Vatican, Sunday, May 17, 2015. Pope Francis canonized two nuns from what was 19th century Palestine on Sunday in hopes of encouraging Christians across the Middle East who are facing a wave of persecution from Islamic extremists. Sisters Mariam Bawardy and Marie Alphonsine Ghattas were among four sisters who were made saints Sunday at a Mass in a sun-soaked St. Peter’s Square. (AP Photo)

Two 19th-century nuns today became the first Palestinians to gain sainthood during an open-air mass celebrated by Pope Francis in St Peter’s Square attended by Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas.

The pontiff urged the faithful to follow the “luminous example” of the two 19th-century sisters and two others, from France and Italy, who were canonised along with them on a sunny spring morning.

Marie Alphonsine Ghattas was born in 1843 in Jerusalem during its rule by the Ottoman Empire, and died there during the British mandate period in 1927.

She was beatified — the final step before canonisation — in 2009.

Mariam Bawardy was born in Galilee, now in northern Israel, in 1846. She became a nun in France and died in 1878 in Bethlehem and was beatified by pope John Paul II in 1983.

Around 2,000 pilgrims from the Palestinian territories, Israel and Jordan, some waving Palestinian flags, attended the mass as well as Abbas, who had a private audience with the pope yesterday.

Ghattas, through her focus on women’s education and community work, left behind a network of convents, schools and religious centres — a more palpable legacy than Bawardy, who lives on more through the memory of her tough and mysterious life.

In this Saturday, May 9, 2015 photo, a nun stands by the tomb of Marie Alphonsine Ghattas, a nun who lived in what was Ottoman-ruled Palestine in the 19th century, at Church of the Rosary Sisters Mamilla in Jerusalem. Two nuns from the Holy Land were also the first Arabic-speaking nuns to be canonized Catholic saints. (AP Photo) In this Saturday, May 9, 2015 photo, a nun stands by the tomb of Marie Alphonsine Ghattas, a nun who lived in what was Ottoman-ruled Palestine in the 19th century, at Church of the Rosary Sisters Mamilla in Jerusalem. Two nuns from the Holy Land were also the first Arabic-speaking nuns to be canonized Catholic saints. (AP Photo)

For sainthood, the candidate must have lived a holy life, as determined by the Catholic Church, and must usually have at least two miracles to their name, attributable to prayers made to them posthumously.

A miracle that led to Ghattas’s canonisation was the resuscitation of a Palestinian engineer in 2009, who was electrocuted and suffered a heart attack, but regained consciousness two days later after relatives prayed for her intercession.

During her life, Ghattas is said to have seen the Virgin Mary in several apparitions, and nuns talk of miracles she performed then, including saving a girl who had fallen down a well by tossing her rosary into the water.

Bawardy, after becoming a nun of the Carmelite order, helped found the Carmelite Monastery in Bethlehem.

The other two new saints are Jeanne-Emilie de Villeneuve (1811-1854) and Maria Cristina dell’Immacolata (1856-1906).

The Vatican said last week it was preparing to sign its first accord with Palestine, two years after recognising it as a state.

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