'According to recent OECD research as much as one-third of workers in advanced economies are either underutilized or unable to handle their current duties.'



This shows a lack of engagement by employers and poorly structured training programmes. Employers are slow to invest or duck investing in staff. Training is provided under a profit structure and is either long term or often superficial. Serious training is expensive, workers or would be workers will not undertake it unless they think it will give job advantage. Employers will not give it in case the newly qualified worker leaves. You are talking absolutely massive public money and policy implementation to address this issue and it just will not happen.



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'But without a strong local AI ecosystem, today’s productivity gains may not be reinvested in a way that fuels spending and boosts demand for labor.'



Productivity has been nothing but a straight line downward graph despite tech breakthroughs, why should this time be different



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'Higher productivity implies faster economic growth, more consumer spending, increased labor demand, and thus greater job creation'



Fair enough, but you do not explain how this largesse will be distributed if it does occur. In fact compensation failure for destroyed jobs has been nonexistent



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'The internal combustion engine, for example, wiped out horse-drawn carriages, but gave rise to many new industries..'



If you have ever owned a horse you will understand how marvellous a car is, however the car as we know it is due to now disappear due to robocars, eliminating many jobs which will not be replaced.



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The purpose of AI is to eliminate labour no more and no less, and it is a projection to say new jobs will be created. How can more 'advanced occupations' which are claimed to have been delivered be more productive when productivity has done nothing but decline decade on decade. When agriculture was industrialised consumerism was in gestation and filled the gap. The computer did not kill typewriters - that function is still present, in fact it has expanded and made us all typists and often clerical workers. The problem is the disappearance of relatively well paid jobs with moderate skill demands (usually manufacturing based or related) and there is no indication they will return leaving workers income downsized. As for reskilling, this is a red herring, employers prefer fresh fruit and there is a never end stream delivered to the market everyday. To replace jobs lost due to AI a very significant job sector has to materialise and quite frankly it is difficult to identify and that is when AI implementation is already in process. What you are witnessing is a worker pyramid structure which is collapsing and it is the middle of the pyramid which is disappearing, you will have a pancake with a cherry on top structure with some maple syrup to order as needed - the tech guys to enable it to all function. The pancake will be low income, low skill, gig economy based. The only comfortable ones will be the cherry and syrup.