References: Foster, Michael Dylan. The Metamorphosis of the Kappa: Transformation of Folklore to Folklorism in Japan. Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. 56, 1998.

References: Ishikawa Jun'ichiro, 1985, pages 217-30. Shinpan Kappa no Sekai (World of the Kappa, new edition]. Tokyo: Jiji Tsushinsha. 1985.

References: Ishikawa Jun'ichiro, 1985, pages 217-30. Shinpan Kappa no Sekai (World of the Kappa, new edition). Tokyo: Jiji Tsushinsha. 1985.

References: Iida Michio 1993 Kappa ko: sono yugamerareta shotai wo saguru [Thoughts on kappa: Seeking the true form behind the distortion]. Kyoto: Jinbun Shoin.

COMBAT & SUMOThe chief delight of the mischievous Kappa is to challenge humans to single combat. Indeed, the Kappa delights in Japanese sumo wrestling , and often challenges its victim to a sumo bout. Writes scholar Michael Dylan Foster: : “In one legend involving sumo, some children are playing by the water when a child with whom they are unacquainted appears and challenges them to sumo. Observing this child closely, they realize it is actually a kappa, and that there is water in the sara on its head. Accordingly, they shake their own heads; the kappa imitates them, spilling the water. Bereft of all strength, it is forced to leave ( Ishikawa 1985, p. 175). This love of the sport of sumo can be found throughout much kappa lore (see e.g., Ishikawa 1985, pp. 163-76, and Iida 1993, pp. 153-60). One common method for defeating the kappa when challenged to sumo , or any other confrontation, is simply to bow politely. The kappa, though mischievous, is essentially a polite creature who defers to human ritual; it will bow in response, spilling its water, and thus losing its power.”



Shirafuji Genta 白藤源太 Watching Kappa Wrestle. Dated 1865.

Woodblock print from Wakan Hyaku Monogatari 和漢百物語 (One Hundred Ghost Tales from China

and Japan). By artist Tsukioka Yoshitoshi 月岡芳年 (1839-1892).

Image 34.9 cm x 22.8 cm, Herbert R. Cole Collection (M.84.31.59),

Japanese Art Department. Image courtesy Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA).

For a well-known kappa legend involving renowned wrestler and strongman Shirafuji Genta, click here.

References: Foster, Michael Dylan. The Metamorphosis of the Kappa: Transformation of Folklore to Folklorism in Japan. Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. 56, 1998.

References: Takeda Akira 1988 Suijinshinko to Kappa (Water deity belief and the kappa). In OSHIMA 1988, 7-16.

References: Orikuchi Shinobu. Kappa no Hanashi (A Discussion of Kappa). In Orikuchi Shinobu Zenshu (Collected Writings of Orikuchi Shinobu), Vol. 3, pp. 288-317. Tokyo: Chuo Koronsha. 1955.

References: Takeda Akira 1988 Suijinshinko to Kappa (Water deity belief and the kappa). In OSHIMA 1988, 7-16.

References: Takeda Akira 1988 Suijinshinko to Kappa (Water deity belief and the kappa). In OSHIMA 1988, 7-16.

References: Ikeda Hiroko 1971, pp. 74-75. A type and motif index of Japanese folk-literature. FF Communications 209. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.

Drawing of Kappa

by famous 20th-century

Japanese potter named

Kato Tokuro. Click here

for details (outside link).





Woodblock Print by

Utagawa Kunisada 歌川国貞 (1786-1864).

Shirafuji Genta, a renowned wrestler, capturing a kappa. For another

image, click here.





CUCUMBERS キュウリKappa folk also have a liking for cucumbers, a weakness that can be used to human advantage. According to one tale, an offering of cucumbers (on which are etched the name/age of family members) is enough to appease the Kappa, who thereafter will refrain from harming you and your family. Even today, cucumber sushi in Japan is called “Kappa-maki”.Let us quote once again from the wonderful research of scholar Michael Dylan Foster: “One of the better known of the kappa's traits is its love of kyuri, or cucumbers. Many of the festivals associated with kappa include offerings of cucumbers (e.g., Takeda 1988, p. 12, and Orikuchi 1955, pp. 299-300). Here again, the complexity of the kappa belief is apparent. As Takeda points out, there are some regions where it is believed that eating a cucumber and then swimming will lead to certain attack by a kappa, while in other areas it is a way to ensure protection against attack ( Takeda 1988, pp. 11-12). Other foods to which the kappa is partial include nasu (Japanese eggplant), soba (buckwheat noodles), natto (fermented soybeans), and kabocha (pumpkin). < Takeda 1988, p. 12>. Although the kappa is attracted to some foods of the uri, or melon, grouping - such as kyuri and kabocha - it is clear that it has an aversion to hyotan (gourds), which are also of the melon group. The Nihon shoki passage cited above shows that the power of hyotan to confound the kappa was understood early on. In one of the folktales involving kappa, the so-called kappa muko, or "kappa bridegroom tale" ( Ikeda 1971, pp. 74-75), the same motif appears. A farmer, whose fields have dried up because of drought, offers his daughter to anybody who can irrigate them. A kappa succeeds in this task and receives the reluctant bride. The daughter, however, challenges the kappa to sink some gourds in the river. The kappa soon exhausts itself trying to complete this impossible task, and abandons the marriage.” KAWAKO KAPPA 河伯The Kappa is sometimes called. The name can be traced tolocated on the bank of the Kawachi river near Matsue/Izumo. Legend relates that a nasty Kappa was captured near here and forced to sign a note swearing never again to harm any of the people or animals in the area. Unable to write, the Kappa dipped its hand in the ink and pressed it on the document. The document remained among the shrine’s relics, and the Kappa never broke the promise (the Kappa is always portrayed as trustworthy and courteous despite its many evil ways).KAPPA BRIDGE IN TOKYOTokyo's Kappabashi (Kappa bridge) was once farmland surrounded by canals prone to flooding. In the late Edo period a raincoat dealerdevoted his entire personal fortune to building a drainage system. This difficult work took longer than expected and cost a fortune, and he was in despair until a kappa, whose life he had saved years before, suddenly appeared to help. With the kappa's assistance the project was completed in short order. In addition, those who had seen the Kappa were suddenly blessed with good fortune and soon the Kappa Temple was built, and the Kappa enshrined as a deity. Janet Leigh Foster for japantoday.com>. HOW GENTA SUBDUED A KAPPA The following myth has been passed down through the ages in Saga Prefecture. It was translated by Keiko Takada and Eriko Tsudo of Saga Women's Junior College, and appears on the Saga Prefecture site Once upon a time in the village of Kawachino there lived a man named Genta. He was from a distinguished family in the village and was so wise and brave that he was greatly respected by the villagers. His house was large and stood near a river which flowed through the village. The river was at its deepest at the bend near his house, and the water looked dark and unfathomable, being over six meters deep.One summer evening, Genta came back from his outing and told his servants as usual to hitch his horse to a shady tree near the river. After taking a short rest, Genta stepped out into the garden and looked at the tree. To his surprise, a kappa, the size of a 6-7 year old boy was dragging the horse by its hind legs into the river. The silent horse was resisting the pull with its forelegs while strangely enough, the servant as if in a trance, was helping the small kappa by pouring water into the cavity on the kappa's head. The more the servant poured, the more powerful the kappa became.Although Genta became very angry watching this scene, he had the presence of mind to think of a plan. From the shed he fetched a strong rope made of hemp palm and snuck up to the kappa from behind. Neither the servant nor the kappa noticed Genta's actions. He quickly caught hold of the kappa and dragged him away from the river, tying him up with the rope.All of a sudden, the servant came out of his trance and followed his master's direction to hang the kappa upside down from the pine tree in the garden. Genta glared at the wicked water imp and reprimanded him. "What an insolent fellow you are! You take so much pride in your bit of supernatural powers and even try to steal horses from humans. You are very sinful indeed. I shall kill you as a warning to all of your fellow kappa."With the precious water drained from his cavity, the kappa lost all his magic powers. The more he struggled, the tighter the rope cut into his flesh, making the pain even harder to bear. At last the kappa began to cry in a strange, harsh voice "please forgive me for mercy's sake my lord," he implored. "I'll not fail to make up for this crime, so please let me go." In tears, the the kappa begged Genta over and over again.A kind hearted man by nature, Genta felt pity for the ugly creature who was crying. "If you swear with all your heart, I'll forgive you," he said to the kappa "but first, you must confess your sins and make restitution.""I confess to you that I've done many wrongs," the kappa said. "I regret my past actions very much. Your authority is astonishing, so I promise you that even if the Kawachino River should flow upstream, I won't pull the people from this village into the water. Never will I do anything wrong again. Please spare my life today. I also promise to make all my fellow kappa keep this oath forever."After the kappa swore his oath, Genta forgave him, took him down from the pine tree and untied the ropes. Placing both hands to the ground, the teary blue-eyed kappa bowed to him again and again. Then he asked Genta if he could go home to the bottom of the river."All right," Genta said, "but before you go, turn yourself around three times and recite your oath each time." The kappa obediently turned around 3 times, each time reciting his oath loudly. Kneeling down, he praised Genta, then went away.After that incident, no more was to be heard of kappa in the village. Years later, Genta passed away, leaving behind the legend of subduing the kappa. The pine tree from which Genta hung the kappa, remained long after his death. Eventually however, the old pine tree too withered and died.Whether the mystical kappa does in fact exist is still unknown. There is a sake manufacturing place in Imari called ”Matsuura Ichishuzo” where, it is said that during restoration about 40 years ago, a small coffin was found between old boards containing a mummified kappa inside. The skeleton remains on display today for all who are interested in finding the truth.



LEFT: Giant Kappa statue near Tanukimachi Station

田主丸駅 Tanushimaru Station, Fukuoka Prefecture

RIGHT: Stone statue near Tanushimaru Station

In modern times, the Kappa often appear as cartoon characters

For more details, see Gabi Greve’s Kappapedia Page.





Kappa Statues at Gokoku Shrine, Gifu City

Photos by Reggie Thomson

Below Text Courtesy of JAANUS

Literally river child. A supernatural water-sprite believed to inhabit Japan's lakes and rivers. The name kappa varies from region to region, and includes kawatarou 河太郎, kawako 河伯, and kawaranbe 河ランベ. The appearance of a kappa also varies, but kappa are generally thought to be about the size of a young boy, and covered with green scales. They also have a snout, bobbed hair, and a saucer-like depression on the top of the head that holds water. When this water supply diminishes, the kappa's special powers diminish. Kappa swim well thanks to webbed feet and hands, but can also walk on land. Kappa also can rotate their arm and leg joints fully. Some kappa resemble otters, turtles with beaks, or have wings. Kappa are said to be fond of cucumbers and of sumo 相撲 wrestling. In some regions kappa are thought to be helpful, but generally their reputation is far more malicious. In particular, kappa delight in abducting humans and horses. Kappa are noted for their aversion to metal objects. Illustrations of kappa frequently are included in Edo period anthologies of supernatural tales. Kappa are often depicted in comical paintings (giga 戯画), in paintings accompanying verse (haiga 俳画), and occasionally in ukiyo-e 浮世絵 (woodblock prints; see above photo).

Kappa, Modern Cartoon Drawing, found at

now defunct web site tenchinohoukai.greatnow.com

Probably a Japanese drawing, but no source was given Kappa illustration by Chip Boles.

See his homepage at chipboles.com

Ilustration from 15 Oct. 2009 edition of metropolis.co.jp



Kappa commanded by Ebisu (god of the ocean)

Ivory okimono (decorative carving), signed Gyokuzan, courtesy Oriental & Fine Art





REFERENCES

Akutagawa Ryūnosuke 芥川龍之介 (1892-1927). “The Kappa (1927)" & Other Works. Below text courtesy angelfire.com/sk3/asianhorror/a.html. “Supernatural themes surface intermittently throughout his works. While his novella, The Kappa , is more satiric than supernatural, he discusses some of the contemporary psychic research in Japan. In Yabuno Naka, the dead speak through a type of Japanese medium. Other works have tangential references to magic such as Aguni no Kami and Christian mythology in Kirisutohoro Shoin Den , which strangely enough is about the former Saint Christopher. He dabbles in Chinese magic in Toshishun describing how to become a type of Asian magi or seinin. His mother died insane when he was young, and his father gave him up for adoption. Despite his inauspicious beginnings, he had a distinguished academic career at Tokyo University, married and fathered three children. Follower of Natsume Soseki, he produced a fine series of short novels and short stories during his brief lifetime. Cassell's Encyclopedia of World Literature describes his work as "weird and fantastic" and "often symbolical and impressionistic." He committed suicide during a stretch of severe depression. Akutagawa's The Hell Screen is the strongest tale of Japanese horror available in English, using a painter as the conveyor of horror. The Heresy, its sequel, is less successful as horror. Another of his tales, The Spider's Thread, shows the horrors of a Buddhist Hell and the chilling indifference of those in Paradise.”



, is more satiric than supernatural, he discusses some of the contemporary psychic research in Japan. In Yabuno Naka, the dead speak through a type of Japanese medium. Other works have tangential references to magic such as and Christian mythology in , which strangely enough is about the former Saint Christopher. He dabbles in Chinese magic in describing how to become a type of Asian magi or seinin. His mother died insane when he was young, and his father gave him up for adoption. Despite his inauspicious beginnings, he had a distinguished academic career at Tokyo University, married and fathered three children. Follower of Natsume Soseki, he produced a fine series of short novels and short stories during his brief lifetime. Cassell's Encyclopedia of World Literature describes his work as "weird and fantastic" and "often symbolical and impressionistic." He committed suicide during a stretch of severe depression. Akutagawa's is the strongest tale of Japanese horror available in English, using a painter as the conveyor of horror. its sequel, is less successful as horror. Another of his tales, shows the horrors of a Buddhist Hell and the chilling indifference of those in Paradise.” Ando Misao 安藤操 and Seino Fumio 清野文男 1993 Kappa no Keifu (The Lineage of the Kappa), Tokyo: Satsuki Shobo 五月書房.



Foster, Michael Dylan. The Metamorphosis of the Kappa: Transformation of Folklore to Folklorism in Japan. Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. 56, 1998. Also see Pandemonium and Parade: Japanese Monsters and the Culture of Yōkai, by Michael Dylan Foster. English. ISBN-10: 0520253620. Published Nov. 2008.



Iida Michio, 1993, Kappa ko: sono yugamerareta shotai wo saguru [Thoughts on kappa: Seeking the true form behind the distortion]. Kyoto: Jinbun Shoin.



Ishida Eiichiro. The Kappa Legend. A Comparative Ethnological Study on the Japanese Water-Spirit Kappa and Its Habit of Trying to Lure Horses into the Water. Published in Folklore Studies, Vol. X, 1950. See the English translation of “The Kappa Legend;” the Japanese-language version is called “Kappa Komabiki Kō” 河童駒引考.



Ishikawa Jun'ichiro. Shinpan Kappa no Sekai (World of the Kappa, new edition]. Tokyo: Jiji Tsushinsha. 1985. Discusses various versions of shirikodama belief.



Kasshiyawa Chronicles 甲子夜話, 1821. Purchase book at ebookjapan.jp.



Ono Katsura. Kappa no Kenkyu (Research on Kappa). Tokyo: San'ichi Shobo, 1994.



Orikuchi Shinobu. Kappa no Hanashi (A Discussion of Kappa). In Orikuchi Shinobu Zenshu (Collected Writings of Orikuchi Shinobu), Vol. 3, pp. 288-317. Tokyo: Chuo Koronsha. 1955.



Suiko Junihin no Zu 水虎十二品之図 (Illustrated Guide to 12 Types of Kappa), late Edo period; based on the earlier Suikokōryaku. See high resolution image at the National Diet Library (Tokyo, Japan).



Suikokōryaku 水虎考略 (Concerning Kappa), attributed to Koga Tōan 古賀侗庵 (1788-1847), first published in 1820. A compendium of kappa information from Japan and China along with sketches of the creature by artist Kurimoto Tanshu 栗本丹洲 (1756-1834). An expanded version was published in 1839. Housed at the Iwase Bunko Library (Aichi Prefecture).



Takeda Akira 1988 Suijinshinko to Kappa (Water deity belief and the kappa). In OSHIMA 1988, 7-16.



Yanagida Kunio 柳田國男 (1875 - 1962). Yanagida is the famous anthropologist who did the initial research on the Kappa and other supernatural beings in the Tono region (modern-day Iwate Prefecture). He is considered by some to be the father of Japanese folklore study, and the author of the classic Tono Monogatari 遠野物語 (Legends of Tono), published 1910.



Yōkai Database 妖怪, International Research Center for Japanese Studies, Kyoto, Japan.

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE KAPPA

Suijin, Suiten, Mizu no Kamisama (this site). The Kappa river imp is just one of Japan’s many Suijin (literally “water kami”). But don’t confuse the Kappa with the more powerful and more benevolent water deity of Shinto lore known as Mizu no Kamisama (also literally “water deity,” aka Suijin or Suiten ).



(also literally “water deity,” aka or ). GAPPA DOKO. http://www.ishinotent.co.jp/Kappa/kappa-2.html

In many villages, the Kappa is associated with drowning. Such incidents are referred to as “Gappa Doko.” 馬とり淵という伝説があり、村々にはガーッパドコと言ってカッパがよく出没する魔所がある。

Near Nagasaki and the Sagogawa river, locals use the term Gappadoko, plus many other terms, like BUCHI, GAPPA, KIRIDOSHIBUCHI, GAPPADOKO, GATSUPUCHI. They say there is a deep deep water hole, nearly five fathoms deep, where some Kappa live. ブチには名があり、それぞれにガーッパ

がすんでいる。なかでも水死事故があったキリドーシブチを「ガーッパドコ」といい、佐護川のガーッパを

統制する「大将ガーツパ」のすむブチをゴージブチという。ゴージプチはプチの中でも最大、最深（約五

尋）である。



In many villages, the Kappa is associated with drowning. Such incidents are referred to as “Gappa Doko.” 馬とり淵という伝説があり、村々にはガーッパドコと言ってカッパがよく出没する魔所がある。 Near Nagasaki and the Sagogawa river, locals use the term Gappadoko, plus many other terms, like BUCHI, GAPPA, KIRIDOSHIBUCHI, GAPPADOKO, GATSUPUCHI. They say there is a deep deep water hole, nearly five fathoms deep, where some Kappa live. ブチには名があり、それぞれにガーッパ がすんでいる。なかでも水死事故があったキリドーシブチを「ガーッパドコ」といい、佐護川のガーッパを 統制する「大将ガーツパ」のすむブチをゴージブチという。ゴージプチはプチの中でも最大、最深（約五 尋）である。 TONO TOWN, TONO AREA, Iwate Prefecture. The Kappa and Kappa-buchi 河童淵 (river banks/spots where the Kappa hunt their prey) in northern Japan are especially famous. The area itself is surrounded by three mountains (Mt. Hayachine-san, Mt. Rokkoushi-yama, Mt. Ishigami-san), which are known collectively as the Three Mountains of Tono. Tono is well-known for its horse breeding, an activity pursued for centuries in the area. Tono is also a land of old folk tales, especially those about the Kappa that were recorded by Yanagida Kunio in his famous book “Tales of Tono.” Visitors to Tono today can still taste old Japan, for the area still has many thatched farmhouses, fertility shrines, and images of the Kappa. The Sarukaishi River (literally Monkey's Stone River) gently flows through the southern part of Tono city. During its feudal days until the Edo Period, Tono flourished as a market place, lodging town and castle. On December 1, 1954, the eight villages of Aozasa, Ayaori, Kamigo, Matsuzaki, Otomo, Tono, Tsuchibuchi and Tsukimoushi merged to become the city of Tono. Today, the Tono area is home not only to the Kappa, but apparently home as well to the red-faced Tengu and a child-like spirit called the Zashiki Warashi . For more about Tono, please visit www.asia-planet.net/japan/iwate.htm



. For more about Tono, please visit www.asia-planet.net/japan/iwate.htm Sagojō, Sandy the Water Demon in Journey to the West

Site One (English) || Site Two (J) || Site Three (J)

物語の中では「サゴジョウ」じゃなかったですっけということは、本場中国の「西遊記」に出てくる

「沙悟浄」もやっぱり河童なんでしょうか。そもそも河童というのは、日本独特のものなのでしょうか。

それとも中国あたりから伝わってきたものなんでしょうか。



Site One (English) || Site Two (J) || Site Three (J) 物語の中では「サゴジョウ」じゃなかったですっけということは、本場中国の「西遊記」に出てくる 「沙悟浄」もやっぱり河童なんでしょうか。そもそも河童というのは、日本独特のものなのでしょうか。 それとも中国あたりから伝わってきたものなんでしょうか。 KAPPA FESTIVALS



KAPPA ODORI DANCE, Hita City, Oita Prefecture

A sacred Shinto dance to pray for abundant crops, in which young boys dressed as kappa (water imps) jump and cavort about in time to humorous music. Designated as a Prefectural Intangible Cultural Treasure.



Hita City, Oita Prefecture A sacred Shinto dance to pray for abundant crops, in which young boys dressed as kappa (water imps) jump and cavort about in time to humorous music. Designated as a Prefectural Intangible Cultural Treasure.

JOZANKEI HOT SPRINGS & KAPPA FESITVAL

www.asia-planet.net/japan/hokkaido.htm

The symbol of Jozankei Valley is the Kappa, the water sprite. Jozankei (valley) is a hot spring area and spa near Toyohiragawa River in southwest Sapporo (Hokkaido). Called "Sapporo's Back Parlor," the spa is surrounded by mountains, and was discovered by a monk called Jozan, and named after this monk for the efforts he made to develop it. The Kappa is the guardian spirit of the area. Local legend tells of a young boy who fell into a deep pool, where he was taken to the land of the Kappa, and lived happily thereafter (see below Kappa-Buchi Legend). Approximately 23 Kappa stand in various poses around the spa town, including the Great Kappa King . There is also a Kappa Pool, which becomes very lively during the Kappa Festival that takes place in early August.



Kappa-Buchi (Kappa Pool) Legend in Jozankei

According to local folklore, a young man was fishing in a deep pool in Jozankei, but fell in and never surfaced. Months later he appeared in his father's dreams to say he was living happily with the Kappa, and his Kappa wife and child. The pool is named “Kappa-buchi," or kappa pool, in light of this legend. <Courtesy Cathay Pacific>



www.asia-planet.net/japan/hokkaido.htm The symbol of Jozankei Valley is the Kappa, the water sprite. Jozankei (valley) is a hot spring area and spa near Toyohiragawa River in southwest Sapporo (Hokkaido). Called "Sapporo's Back Parlor," the spa is surrounded by mountains, and was discovered by a monk called Jozan, and named after this monk for the efforts he made to develop it. The Kappa is the guardian spirit of the area. Local legend tells of a young boy who fell into a deep pool, where he was taken to the land of the Kappa, and lived happily thereafter (see below Kappa-Buchi Legend). Approximately 23 Kappa stand in various poses around the spa town, including the . There is also a Kappa Pool, which becomes very lively during the Kappa Festival that takes place in early August. Kappa-Buchi (Kappa Pool) Legend in Jozankei According to local folklore, a young man was fishing in a deep pool in Jozankei, but fell in and never surfaced. Months later he appeared in his father's dreams to say he was living happily with the Kappa, and his Kappa wife and child. The pool is named “Kappa-buchi," or kappa pool, in light of this legend. <Courtesy Cathay Pacific> Artist Yoshio Yamamoto (his painting appears above)

darumasan.blogspot.com/2009/07/yamashina-paintings.html. Paintings by artist Yoshio Yamamoto, 63 years old (2004). What exactly are Yamashina-e and Otsu-e paintings? During the Edo Period, there were many travelers on the old Tokaido Road between Kyoto and Edo (Tokyo). Each of the 53 postal towns on the way had its own specialty -- mostly some local food. But Yamashina Town, and especially nearby Otsu Town, were famous for funny paintings with religious overtones. Yamashina is now a modern suburb of Kyoto.



darumasan.blogspot.com/2009/07/yamashina-paintings.html. Paintings by artist Yoshio Yamamoto, 63 years old (2004). What exactly are Yamashina-e and Otsu-e paintings? During the Edo Period, there were many travelers on the old Tokaido Road between Kyoto and Edo (Tokyo). Each of the 53 postal towns on the way had its own specialty -- mostly some local food. But Yamashina Town, and especially nearby Otsu Town, were famous for funny paintings with religious overtones. Yamashina is now a modern suburb of Kyoto. Kappa no Sanpei. Shigeru Mizuki's classic manga from the 1960s, Kappa no Sanpei or Sanpei the Kappa. To read an interview with Shigeru Mizuki, please see monsterama. To read a movie review, see pelleas.net.



Kappa Photos and Information

Kappa Photo Tour (this site) || Pinktentacle.com || Kirainet.com || Monsterama.blogspot.com

Also see Gabi Greve’s Kappa - The Kappapedia.





Last Update = Aug. 22, 2013 (Added more photos and references)

Last Update = Nov. 13, 2011 (Added more references, new top photo)

Last Update = Feb. 2011 (Added more photos & reference notes)

See the Kappa Photo Tour page for even more photos.