The rapid growth of Internet and development of highly sophisticated computer and telecommunication technology have made the world a global village in a real sense. Development of information technology and the creation of computer networks and the Internet have enabled a new way of communication. The internet provides a better access to numerous sources of information, as well as direct communication with all users, around the world. In short, Internet is a collection of computer networks around the world.

But is it really happening? Then the answer will be “No”. Much of this is because of the idea of net neutrality. Many web users are aware of it. But if you are not, don't worry. I explain it here:

It derived from how telephone lines have worked since the beginning of the 20th century. In case of a telephone line, you can dial any number and connect to it. It does not matter if you are calling from operator A to operator B. When the internet started to take off in 1980s and 1990s, there were no specific rules that asked that internet service providers (ISPs) should follow the same principle. But, mostly because telecom operators were also ISPs, they adhered to the same principle. This principle is known as net neutrality. Thus, Net Neutrality refers to the telecom operators that they must treat all internet traffic on an equal basis.

How did Net Neutrality shape the Internet?

Net neutrality has shaped the internet in two fundamental ways.

Web users are free to connect to whatever website or service they want. ISPs do not bother with what kind of content is flowing from their servers. This has allowed the internet to grow into a truly global network and has allowed people to freely express themselves.

But more importantly, net neutrality has enabled a level playing field on the internet. To start a website, you don't need lot of money or connections. Just host your website and you are good to go. This has led to creation Google, Facebook, Twitter and countless other services. All of these services had very humble beginnings.

Following issues need to be addressed, in order to ensure a thriving and neutral Internet:

The Internet must be kept open and neutral. All data traffic should be treated on an equitable basis no matter its sender, recipient, type, or content. All forms of discriminatory traffic management, such as blocking or throttling should be prohibited. Network service providers should refrain from any interference with internet users’ freedom to access content (including applications of their choice) There should be restricted use of packet inspection software (including storage and re-use of associated data) to control traffic. Complete information on reasonable traffic management practices and justifications for the same must be accessible and available to the public. Telecom operators should be transparent and accountable to any changes in practices. Non-neutral treatment of traffic for “voluntary” law enforcement purposes must be prohibited unless there is a legal basis for it.

Net Neutrality in India

Legally, the concept of net neutrality doesn't exist in India. Sunil Abraham, director of Centre for internet and Society in Bangalore, says that Trai, which regulates the telecom industry, has tried to come up with some rules regarding net neutrality several times. For example it invited comments on the concept of net neutrality from industry bodies and stakeholders in 2006. But no formal rules have been formed to uphold and enforce net neutrality.

However, despite lack of formal rules, ISPs in India mostly adhere to the principal of net neutrality. There have been some incidents where Indian ISPs have ignored net neutrality but these are few and far between.

Souce: TOI