The ambitions of today's Russians are equally bold – while the planting of the titanium flag was a largely symbolic gesture, it signalled Russia's intention to claim a vast of territory underneath the icecap that amouts to half the Arctic Ocean's seabed. If they have their way they will tame one of the last true frontiers, making Moscow the master of much of the Earth's remaining energy supplies. The risk, however, is of lurching into confrontation with the other polar powers, who are only now waking up to what is at stake. The great prize is the 25 per cent of the Earth's remaining oil and gas which the Arctic is thought to contain.