Tumor can occur at any age and recently at Chandan Hospital, Dr Alankar (Director, Chandan Institute of Gastro-liver & Billary Sciences) diagnosed baby Ananya of three years with Mesenchymal tumor in the right lobe of the liver. It is a rare tumor occurrence in the liver for a child of her age. Typically, the cells grow, divide and replace one another with new cells forming old cells die in a healthy body. When a person has a tumor, it is when several new cells or an accumulation of cells can develop.

Tumor is an abnormal increase in resulting in excess of cell growth into a mass of tissue, which seems like swelling. The official definition of the tumor by the National Cancer Institute is, “an abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should.”

Let’s understand the kind of tumors that exist, their diagnosis and approach of treatment differ in patients depending on its kind.

Kinds of Tumor:

Tumors appear on the body in numerous sizes ranging from a small nodule to a huge mass depending on the kind of tumor it is. Tumors can occur on any part of the body. Below are mentioned the three kinds of Tumors are found:

Benign : The benign tumors are not cancerous, and they do not spread or grow (even if they do that, they do that very slowly). Doctors can easily remove it, and they usually do not return. They might not be harmful but can affect other parts of the body by causing pain, pressing against a blood vessel or a nerve, and triggering overproduction of hormones. Example of benign tumors are adenomas, fibroids, hemangiomas, and lipomas.

: The benign tumors are not cancerous, and they do not spread or grow (even if they do that, they do that very slowly). Doctors can easily remove it, and they usually do not return. They might not be harmful but can affect other parts of the body by causing pain, pressing against a blood vessel or a nerve, and triggering overproduction of hormones. Example of benign tumors are adenomas, fibroids, hemangiomas, and lipomas. Premalignant : The premalignant tumors suggest that tumor cells are not yet cancerous but have the capability to become malignant. Therefore, it is required to monitor its growth. Example of premalignant tumors are actinic keratosis, cervical dysplasia, metaplasia of the lung, and leukoplakia.

: The premalignant tumors suggest that tumor cells are not yet cancerous but have the capability to become malignant. Therefore, it is required to monitor its growth. Example of premalignant tumors are actinic keratosis, cervical dysplasia, metaplasia of the lung, and leukoplakia. Malignant: The malignant tumors are cancerous as it can grow and spread to other parts of the body. They can grow at a higher rate spreading to other parts, and this process is known as metastasis. It is a life-threatening condition, and they begin to invade other body parts of the body as well. Example of malignant tumors are carcinoma, sarcoma, germ cell tumor and blastoma.

Still, it is never absolutely known the reaction of a tumor as even the benign one can turn into premalignant and then malignant. It becomes essential to check in case there is any growth.

Tumour Diagnosis

At times a person might feel or see a tumor and a few people have to get it diagnosed through imaging test like MRI & mammogram etc. These tests can only detect a lump if present. Biopsy of the lump becomes essential to find out what kind of lump it is. For the biopsy, the doctor collects a tiny tissue sample and send it to technicians to further examine it with a microscope. The doctor collects the sample during the surgery or at his office. There is a requirement of surgery in cases where the tumor is found to be malignant, or it is pressing a nerve or causing pain.

The above information provides an overview of a tumor, its kinds and diagnosis process. She came to the hospital with persistent pain in her abdominal region and frequent vomiting. She met with Dr Alankar, and after a brief examination, he suggested her to take a few tests. After the test, he concluded that she had a mesenchymal tumor in the right lobe of the liver. The mesenchymal tumor is a benign presenting with numerous clinical signs & symptoms. Its diagnosis can be achieved by radiology and histopathology. For long term satisfaction and in most cases, it is adequate for curative purposes to opt liver resection.

The diagnosis of baby Ananya of having a tumor in the right lobe of the liver at such a tender age required with pain and other symptoms Dr Alankar suggested her parents for right hepatectomy (pediatric) procedure. She was admitted on 27th September for the operation at Chandan Hospital. The team operating her comprised of Dr Alankar as a surgeon, Dr Khalid (Sr Consultant, Chandan Institute of General Surgery) as an assistant surgeon, Dr Himangi (Consultant, Intensivist & Anaesthetist) as a paediatric anaesthetist, Dr Narendra (Director, Chandan Institute of Paediatric & Neonatology) as a Paediatric Intensivist, and Dr Rohit Agarwal as an interventional radiologist.

Typically, experienced surgeons perform liver resections as it is a high-risk procedure. With the advancement in the field of medicine, the experts assure enhanced care during the surgery, understand the anatomy of the liver entirely, and the technological progress has advanced the patient care aspect. Without prior liver mobilization, the anterior approach of right hepatectomy is a trusted technique. Although, in hepatectomy procedure, blood loss control is essential as exorbitant loss of blood and transfusion of blood in patients are correlated to postoperative risen rates of mortality and endangered to prolonged oncological consequences. The team performed the procedure of right hepatectomy on baby Ananya keeping all the above points into consideration. Her surgery was a success with minimal blood loss. She was discharged after observing her recover swiftly on the fifth day after the surgery on 1st October.

Patient Testimonial:

I was in a lot of pain, and my parents were worried about me. They took me to Chandan hospital Lucknow, and Dr Alankar operated me. After the discharge, my health started recovering, and the pain subsided in the abdominal region. I am thankful to the doctors and team Chandan for taking care of me.