1 Degenhardt L, Whiteford H, Hall WD . The Global Burden of Disease projects: what have we learned about illicit drug use and dependence and their contribution to the global burden of disease? Drug Alcohol Rev 2014; 33: 4–12.

2 Calhoun S, Conner E, Miller M, Messina N . Improving the outcomes of children affected by parental substance abuse: a review of randomized controlled trials. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2015; 6: 15–24.

3 Narkowicz S, Płotka J, Polkowska Ż, Biziuk M, Namieśnik J . Prenatal exposure to substance of abuse: a worldwide problem. Environ Int 2013; 54: 141–163.

4 Vassoler FM, White SL, Schmidt HD, Sadri-Vakili G, Pierce RC . Epigenetic inheritance of a cocaine-resistance phenotype. Nat Neurosci 2013; 16: 42–47.

5 White SL, Vassoler FM, Schmidt HD, Pierce RC, Wimmer ME . Enhanced anxiety in the male offspring of sires that self-administered cocaine. Addict Biol 2015; 21: 802–810.

6 Killinger CE, Robinson S, Stanwood GD . Subtle biobehavioral effects produced by paternal cocaine exposure. Synapse 2012; 66: 902–908.

7 He F, Lidow IA, Lidow MS . Consequences of paternal cocaine exposure in mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2006; 28: 198–209.

8 Wood S, Sage JR, Shuman T, Anagnostaras SG . Psychostimulants and cognition: a continuum of behavioral and cognitive activation. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66: 193–221.

9 Jovanovski D, Erb S, Zakzanis KK . Neurocognitive deficits in cocaine users: a quantitative review of the evidence. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2005; 27: 189–204.

10 Ennaceur A, Neave N, Aggleton JP . Spontaneous object recognition and object location memory in rats: the effects of lesions in the cingulate cortices, the medial prefrontal cortex, the cingulum bundle and the fornix. Exp Brain Res 1997; 113: 509–519.

11 Forwood SE, Winters BD, Bussey TJ . Hippocampal lesions that abolish spatial maze performance spare object recognition memory at delays of up to 48 hours. Hippocampus 2005; 15: 347–355.

12 Ortinski PI, Briand LA, Pierce RC, Schmidt HD . Cocaine-seeking is associated with PKC-dependent reduction of excitatory signaling in accumbens shell D2 dopamine receptor-expressing neurons. Neuropharmacology 2015; 92: 80–89.

13 Briand LA, Kimmey BA, Ortinski PI, Huganir RL, Pierce RC . Disruption of glutamate receptor-interacting protein in nucleus accumbens enhances vulnerability to cocaine relapse. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39: 759–769.

14 Haxaire C, Turpin FR, Potier B, Kervern M, Sinet P-M, Barbanel G et al. Reversal of age-related oxidative stress prevents hippocampal synaptic plasticity deficits by protecting D-serine-dependent NMDA receptor activation. Aging Cell 2012; 11: 336–344.

15 Junjaud G, Rouaud E, Turpin F, Mothet J-P, Billard J-M . Age-related effects of the neuromodulator d-serine on neurotransmission and synaptic potentiation in the CA1 hippocampal area of the rat. J Neurochem 2006; 98: 1159–1166.

16 Nissim I, Horyn O, Daikhin Y, Chen P, Li C, Wehrli SL et al. The molecular and metabolic influence of long term agmatine consumption. J Biol Chem 2014; 289: 9710–9729.

17 Fuchs SA, de Sain-van der Velden MGM, de Barse MMJ, Roeleveld MW, Hendriks M, Dorland L et al. Two mass-spectrometric techniques for quantifying serine enantiomers and glycine in cerebrospinal fluid: potential confounders and age-dependent ranges. Clin Chem 2008; 54: 1443–1450.

18 Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD . Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 2001; 25: 402–408.

19 Anderson SM, Famous KR, Sadri-Vakili G, Kumaresan V, Schmidt HD, Bass CE et al. CaMKII: a biochemical bridge linking accumbens dopamine and glutamate systems in cocaine seeking. Nat Neurosci 2008; 11: 344–353.

20 Shechter D, Dormann HL, Allis CD, Hake SB . Extraction, purification and analysis of histones. Nat Protoc 2007; 2: 1445–1457.

21 Lin S, Garcia BA . Examining histone posttranslational modification patterns by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Meth Enzymol 2012; 512: 3–28.

22 Yuan Z-F, Lin S, Molden RC, Cao X-J, Bhanu NV, Wang X et al. EpiProfile quantifies histone peptides with modifications by extracting retention time and intensity in high-resolution mass spectra. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14: 1696–1707.

23 Fiorenza NG, Rosa J, Izquierdo I, Myskiw JC . Modulation of the extinction of two different fear-motivated tasks in three distinct brain areas. Behav Brain Res 2012; 232: 210–216.

24 Abel T, Lattal KM . Molecular mechanisms of memory acquisition, consolidation and retrieval. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2001; 11: 180–187.

25 Mumby DG . Perspectives on object-recognition memory following hippocampal damage: lessons from studies in rats. Behav Brain Res 2001; 127: 159–181.

26 Oliveira AMM, Hawk JD, Abel T . Post-training reversible inactivation of the hippocampus enhances novel object recognition memory. Learn Mem 2010; 17: 155–160.

27 Nabavi S, Fox R, Proulx CD, Lin JY, Tsien RY, Malinow R . Engineering a memory with LTD and LTP. Nature 2014; 511: 348–352.

28 Morris RGM . NMDA receptors and memory encoding. Neuropharmacology 2013; 74: 32–40.

29 Billard J-M . d-Serine in the aging hippocampus. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 116: 18–24.

30 Fuchs SA, Berger R, de Koning TJ . D-serine: the right or wrong isoform? Brain Res 2011; 1401: 104–117.

31 Pierce RC, Wolf ME . Psychostimulant-induced neuroadaptations in nucleus accumbens AMPA receptor transmission. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3: a012021–a012021.

32 Curcio L, Podda MV, Leone L, Piacentini R, Mastrodonato A, Cappelletti P et al. Reduced D-serine levels in the nucleus accumbens of cocaine-treated rats hinder the induction of NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity. Brain 2013; 136: 1216–1230.

33 Albrecht J, Sidoryk-Węgrzynowicz M, Zielińska M, Aschner M . Roles of glutamine in neurotransmission. Neuron Glia Biol 2010; 6: 263–276.

34 Peixoto L, Abel T . The role of histone acetylation in memory formation and cognitive impairments. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38: 62–76.

35 Maze I, Nestler EJ . The epigenetic landscape of addiction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1216: 99–113.

36 Dietz DM, Laplant Q, Watts EL, Hodes GE, Russo SJ, Feng J et al. Paternal transmission of stress-induced pathologies. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70: 408–414.

37 Dias BG, Ressler KJ . Parental olfactory experience influences behavior and neural structure in subsequent generations. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17: 89–96.

38 Rodgers AB, Morgan CP, Leu NA, Bale TL . Transgenerational epigenetic programming via sperm microRNA recapitulates effects of paternal stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2015; 112: 13699–13704.

39 Ng S-F, Lin RCY, Maloney CA, Youngson NA, Owens JA, Morris MJ . Paternal high-fat diet consumption induces common changes in the transcriptomes of retroperitoneal adipose and pancreatic islet tissues in female rat offspring. FASEB J 2014; 28: 1830–1841.

40 Carone BR, Fauquier L, Habib N, Shea JM, Hart CE, Li R et al. Paternally induced transgenerational environmental reprogramming of metabolic gene expression in mammals. Cell 2010; 143: 1084–1096.

41 Anway MD, Rekow SS, Skinner MK . Comparative anti-androgenic actions of vinclozolin and flutamide on transgenerational adult onset disease and spermatogenesis. Reprod Toxicol 2008; 26: 100–106.

42 Anderson LM, Riffle L, Wilson R, Travlos GS, Lubomirski MS, Alvord WG . Preconceptional fasting of fathers alters serum glucose in offspring of mice. Nutrition 2006; 22: 327–331.

43 Sharma S, Rakoczy S, Brown-Borg H . Assessment of spatial memory in mice. Life Sci 2010; 87: 521–536.

44 White SL, Vassoler FM, Schmidt HD, Pierce RC, Wimmer ME . Enhanced anxiety in the male offspring of sires that self-administered cocaine. Addict Biol 2015; 21: 802–810.

45 Sakuma Y . Gonadal steroid action and brain sex differentiation in the rat. J Neuroendocrinol 2009; 21: 410–414.

46 McHenry J, Carrier N, Hull E, Kabbaj M . Sex differences in anxiety and depression: role of testosterone. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35: 42–57.

47 Blokland A, Rutten K, Prickaerts J . Analysis of spatial orientation strategies of male and female Wistar rats in a Morris water escape task. Behav Brain Res 2006; 171: 216–224.

48 Yohn NL, Bartolomei MS, Blendy JA . Multigenerational and transgenerational inheritance of drug exposure: The effects of alcohol, opiates, cocaine, marijuana, and nicotine. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2015; 118: 21–33.

49 Bale TL . Epigenetic and transgenerational reprogramming of brain development. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16: 332–344.

50 Daxinger L, Whitelaw E . Understanding transgenerational epigenetic inheritance via the gametes in mammals. Nat Rev Genet 2012; 13: 153–162.

51 Bartolomei MS . Genomic imprinting: employing and avoiding epigenetic processes. Genes Dev 2009; 23: 2124–2133.

52 Gatewood JM, Cook GR, Balhorn R, Bradbury EM, Schmid CW . Sequence-specific packaging of DNA in human sperm chromatin. Science 1987; 236: 962–964.

53 Wykes SM, Krawetz SA . The structural organization of sperm chromatin. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 29471–29477.

54 Griffin AL . Role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens in mediating interactions between the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex during spatial working memory. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9: 29.

55 Carroll KM, Kiluk BD, Nich C, Babuscio TA, Brewer JA, Potenza MN et al. Cognitive function and treatment response in a randomized clinical trial of computer-based training in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Subst Use Misuse 2011; 46: 23–34.

56 Aharonovich E, Hasin DS, Brooks AC, Liu X, Bisaga A, Nunes EV . Cognitive deficits predict low treatment retention in cocaine dependent patients. Drug Alcohol Depend 2006; 81: 313–322.

57 Aharonovich E, Nunes E, Hasin D . Cognitive impairment, retention and abstinence among cocaine abusers in cognitive-behavioral treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2003; 71: 207–211.

58 Sofuoglu M, DeVito EE, Waters AJ, Carroll KM . Cognitive enhancement as a treatment for drug addictions. Neuropharmacology 2013; 64: 452–463.

59 Ashare RL, Schmidt HD . Optimizing treatments for nicotine dependence by increasing cognitive performance during withdrawal. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9: 579–594.