Life after a nuclear war revealed: Computer models reveal Earth would suffer a 20-year-long winter and worldwide famine



Researchers from Colorado studied the effects of nuclear conflict on Earth



They used climate models to predict what would become of the planet

Their research looked at the detonation of 100 'small' nuclear warheads



In their paper they conclude humanity would have been affected for decades



There would be worldwide famine, deadly frosts and huge ozone losses



The results would be the death of hundreds of millions or billions

They hope their research will be an incentive for superpowers to disarm



The terrible fate of Earth after a nuclear war has been mapped out using computer models for the first time.



Worldwide famine, deadly frosts, global ozone losses of up to 50 per cent and more would greet any inhabitants of the planet still remaining after a nuclear conflict.

And the researchers hope their study of what they call a relatively 'small' nuclear war will serve as a deterrent against such weapons being used by any nation in the future.

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Researchers based in Colorado have studied the effects of a nuclear conflict on Earth. They used climate models to predict what would become of the planet after the detonation of 100 'small' nuclear warheads, and conclude there would be global devastation. Pictured is an atomic weapon test in the 1950s

The unnerving consequences were laid out in a paper called ‘Multidecadal global cooling and unprecedented ozone loss following a regional nuclear conflict.’



THE AFTERMATH OF NUCLEAR WAR ACCORDING TO THE STUDY

Year 0 Five megatons of black carbon released into the atmosphere, which absorbs sunlight and begins to cool the planet. Black carbon rain also kills millions. Year 1 Average surface temperature drops by 1°C (2°F). Year 2 Crop growing season is shortened by 10 to 40 days. Year 5

Earth is an average of 1.5°C (3°F) colder than the present day, colder than it has been in 1,000 years. There is also nine per cent less rainfall. The ozone is also up to 25 per cent thinner, increasing UV rays on Earth. Year 10

Ozone recovers slightly to just 8 per cent less than modern day. Year 20 Planet warms slightly to 0.5°C (1°F) lower than the present day. Year 26 Rainfall increases to about 4.5 per cent less than today.

In it the researchers looked at the outcome of a ‘limited, regional nuclear war between India and Pakistan in which each side detonates 50 15-kiloton weapons.’



They then used computer models to examine the impact on the planet and its environment - and it makes for grim reading.



The immediate result of 100 nuclear weapons roughly the size of those dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki being detonated would be the release of five megatons of black carbon into the atmosphere.



Black carbon, not too dissimilar to soot, would block out the sun and can also be fatal to humans.



Following a spell of black carbon rain, a deadly weather front that would devastate what remained of humanity following the nuclear war, the temperature of Earth would begin to drop.



After a year the temperature would fall by 1°C (2°F), while after five it would be 1.5°C (3°F) cooler than it is now.



About 20 years after the conflict it would warm again to just 0.5°C (1°F) below today’s temperature.



Accompanying what the researchers call ‘the coldest average surface temperatures in the last 1,000 years’ would be a huge loss in ozone levels.



They say that global ozone losses of 20 to 50 per cent would occur over populated areas, ‘levels unprecedented in human history’.

The immediate result of 100 nuclear weapons being detonated would be the release of five megatons of black carbon (shown) into the atmosphere, say researchers. Black carbon, not too dissimilar to soot and released from the burning of things such as fossil fuels, would block out the sun and can also be fatal to humans

The drop in temperature would produce ‘killing frosts’ that reduce the world’s growing season by 10 to 40 days.



Meanwhile the eradication of up to half of the ozone would increase UV rays in some locations by as much as 80 per cent, raising the chance of developing skin cancer for large swathes of humanity.



Combined with the global cooling, this ‘would put significant pressures on global food supplies and could trigger a global nuclear famine.’



The planet’s falling temperature would also decrease the amount of rainfall.



Five years after the conflict Earth would see 9 per cent less rain, while 26 years after the war there would still be 4.5 per cent less rain.



The result of all this would be devastation and ultimately death for hundreds of millions, and perhaps billions.



But the researchers hope that their example of a relatively small nuclear war between two modestly armed nuclear nations, India and Pakistan, will encourage superpowers such as the U.S. and Russia to discuss nuclear disarmament.



‘Knowledge of the impacts of 100 small nuclear weapons should motivate the elimination of more than 17,000 nuclear weapons that exist today,’ they write.