Business Insider

Three of Europe's largest economies are under threat of recession, which could spell a crisis across Europe.

Britain could also already be in a recession despite having not left the EU due to the uncertainty caused by Brexit.

View Markets Insider for more stories.

Three of Europe's biggest economic engines — the UK, Germany, and Italy — are sputtering simultaneously.

Eurozone growth looks "dire" in the second quarter, Pantheon Macroeconomics said in a report on July 22, "primarily thanks to a crash in German growth."

The economists see "elevated risks of outright falls in Italian and German GDP," despite the "resilient" economies of France and Spain.

Outside of the eurozone, but not yet out of Europe, the UK is stumbling as well. The National Institute for Economic and Social Research, said that uncertainty surrounding the decision to leave the EU three years ago means there's a one-in-four chance the economy could already be in recession.

Pantheon Macroeconomics

Since the end of last year, the German manufacturing sector has performed poorly and is "effectively in a recession," Pantheon Macroeconomics says.

There are other warning signs. German companies are now putting their workers on "short time." The Financial Times, citing the Ifo Center for Macroeconomics and Surveys, reported: "German industrial weakness is now beginning to leave its mark on the country's labor practices," with "more and more companies seeking to curb their wage costs by reducing employees' working hours — a sign of emptying order books and slowing output."

Read More: Germany, the backbone of Europe's economy, 'hit a brick wall' in the second quarter

Pantheon Economics

Italy's debt is a huge problem

Italy's economy, meanwhile is "still on the ropes" says Pantheon Macroeconomics head eurozone economist Claus Vistesen. GDP in Italy "probably stumbled again," falling 0.21% in the second quarter, he said in the note.

While labor data "will weaken in the second half of 2019," he said in a separate note on July 16.

Pantheon Macroeconomics

See More: Italy's 'perma-recession' could trigger a €2 trillion financial crisis that threatens the eurozone itself

However, it is debt that is one of the real issues. It currently stands at about €2 trillion ($2.25 trillion). Debt to GDP has reached 130%, a level not seen since World War II.

Jack Allen, an analyst at Capital Economics, told Business Insider back in April that the public debt ratio will probably continue rising and eventually prove unsustainable.

"This would be a bigger problem than the previous euro-zone crisis and could once again endanger the single currency itself," Allen said.

And then there's the UK

Read more: The UK might already be in a recession — before even leaving the EU

Britain's new Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, will have the challenge of tackling leaving the EU, which will likely cause decline in the economy whatever the deal.

And given that Johnson, in the run-up to being elected leader, said that Britain would leave the EU "do or die," "no deal" scenarios are now more likely.

NIESR says: "In an alternative, orderly no-deal scenario, we would expect GDP growth to fall to zero in 2020, and CPI inflation to rise above 4%."

NIESR

This article was first published on July 23.

NOW WATCH: Stewart Butterfield, co-founder of Slack and Flickr, says 2 beliefs have brought him the greatest success in life