Contents

Dear President George W. Bush and All Members of Congress:

People from around the world are drawn to America for its promise of freedom and opportunity. That promise has been fulfilled for the tens of millions of immigrants who came here in the twentieth century.

Throughout our history as an immigrant nation, those who were already here have worried about the impact of newcomers. Yet, over time, immigrants have become part of a richer America, richer both economically and culturally. The current debate over immigration is a healthy part of a democratic society, but as economists and other social scientists we are concerned that some of the fundamental economics of immigration are too often obscured by misguided commentary.

Overall, immigration has been a net gain for American citizens, though a modest one in proportion to the size of our 13 trillion-dollar economy.

Immigrants do not take American jobs. The American economy can create as many jobs as there are workers willing to work so long as labor markets remain free, flexible and open to all workers on an equal basis.

In recent decades, immigration of low-skilled workers may have lowered the wages of domestic low-skilled workers, but the effect is likely to have been small, with estimates of wage reductions for high-school dropouts ranging from eight percent to as little as zero percent.

While a small percentage of native-born Americans may be harmed by immigration, vastly more Americans benefit from the contributions that immigrants make to our economy, including lower consumer prices. As with trade in goods and services, the gains from immigration outweigh the losses. The effect of all immigration on low-skilled workers is very likely positive as many immigrants bring skills, capital and entrepreneurship to the American economy.

Legitimate concerns about the impact of immigration on the poorest Americans should not be addressed by penalizing even poorer immigrants. Instead, we should promote policies, such as improving our education system, that enable Americans to be more productive with high-wage skills.

We must not forget that the gains to immigrants coming to the United States are immense. Immigration is the greatest anti-poverty program ever devised. The American dream is a reality for many immigrants who not only increase their own living standards but who also send billions of dollars of their money back to their families in their home countriesa form of truly effective foreign aid.

America is a generous and open country and these qualities make America a beacon to the world. We should not let exaggerated fears dim that beacon.

American Signatories top^

Jeffery Abarbanell, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Jason Abrevaya, Purdue University

Richard Adelstein, Wesleyan University

William P. Albrecht, University of Iowa

Michael V. Alexeev, Indiana University

Bruce T. Allen, Michigan State University

Richard A. Almeida, Southeast Missouri State University

Lee J. Alston, University of Colorado, Boulder

Santosh Anagol, Yale University

Gary M. Anderson, California State University, Northridge

Michael Anderson, Washington and Lee University

Robert M. Anderson, University of California, Berkeley

James E. Anderson, Boston College

Robert Warren Anderson, George Mason University

William L. Anderson, Frostburg State University

Dominick T. Armentano, University of Hartford

Richard Arnott, Boston College

Pierre Azoulay, Columbia University

Howard Baetjer, Jr., Towson University

Dean Baim, Pepperdine University

David Balan, Economist

A. Paul Ballantyne, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

Owen Barder, Center for Global Development

Frank M. Bass, University of Texas, Dallas

Jonathan J. Bean, Southern Illinois University

Peter M. Beattie, Michigan State University

Scott Beaulier, Mercer University

John H. Beck, Gonzaga University

Stacie Beck, University of Delaware

Steven R. Beckman, University of Colorado, Denver

David T. Beito, University of Alabama

Jere R. Behrman, University of Pennsylvania

Donald M. Bellante, University of South Florida

Daniel K. Benjamin, Clemson University

Bruce L. Benson, Florida State University

George S Berger, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown

Ernst R. Berndt, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

David Berri, California State University, Bakersfield

Alberto Bisin, New York University

Linda J. Bilmes, Harvard University

Greg Blankenship, Illinois Policy Institute

Alan S. Blinder, Princeton University

Barry Boardman, Chief Economist, Kentucky Legislature

Alan E. Boese, Virginia State University

Peter J. Boettke, George Mason University

Elizabeth C. Bogan, Princeton University

Cecil E. Bohanon, Ball State University

Ben W. Bolch, Rhodes College

James E. Bond, Seattle University

Robert A. Book, Independent Economist

Thomas E. Borcherding, Claremont Graduate University

Michael D. Bordo, Rutgers University

Donald Boudreaux, George Mason University

Scott Bradford, Brigham Young University

Ryan R. Brady, United States Naval Academy

Serguey Braguinsky, State University of New York, Buffalo

Jorge Bravo, Duke University

Stephen Eric Bronner, Rutgers University

Taggert J. Brooks, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse

Wayne T. Brough, Freedom Works

Robert K. Buchele, Smith College

Mark Buckley, University of California, Santa Cruz

James B. Burnham, Duquesne University

James L. Butkiewicz, University of Delaware

Bruce Caldwell, University of North Carolina, Greensboro

John E. Calfee, American Enterprise Institute

Joe Calhoun, Florida State University

Anil Caliskan, George Mason University

Charles W. Calomiris, Columbia University

Noel Campbell, North Georgia College and State University

Bryan Caplan, George Mason University

Robert S. Carlsen, University of Colorado, Denver

Bo A. Carlsson, Case Western Reserve University

Robert B. Catlett, Emporia State University

Emily Chamlee-Wright, Beloit College

Henry W. Chappell, Jr., University of South Carolina

Kristine L. Chase, St. Marys College of California

Carl F. Christ, Johns Hopkins University

Harold Christensen, Centenary College of Louisiana

Lawrence R. Cima, John Carroll University

James E. Clark, Wichita State University

R. Morris Coats, Nicholls State University

Loren Cobb, The Quaker Economist

Mark A. Cohen, Vanderbilt University

Ben Collier, Northwest Missouri State University

William B. Conerly, Conerly Consulting LLC

Patrick Conway, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

John E. Coons, University of California, Berkeley

Lee A. Coppock, University of Virginia

Roy E. Cordato, John Locke Foundation

Paul N. Courant, University of Michigan

Tyler Cowen, George Mason University

Dennis J. Coyle, Catholic University of America

Christopher J. Coyne, Hampden-Sydney College

Donald Cox, Boston College

Erik D. Craft, University of Richmond

Peter Cramton, University of Maryland

Maureen S. Crandall, National Defense University

Robert Thomas Crow, Business Economics

David Cuberes, Clemson University

Kirby R. Cundiff, Northeastern State University

Scott Cunningham, University of Georgia

Christopher Curran, Emory University

Hugh M. Curtler, Southwest Minnesota State University

Kirk Dameron, Colorado State University

Jerry W. Dauterive, Loyola University New Orleans

Paul A. David, Stanford University

Antony Davies, Dequesne University

Steven J. Davis, University of Chicago

Alan V. Deardorff, University of Michigan

Alan de Brauw, Williams College

Gregory Delemeester, Marietta College

Bradford DeLong, University of California, Berkeley

Michael Dennis, College of the Redwoods

Arthur T. Denzau, Claremont Graduate University

Arthur M. Diamond, Jr., University of Nebraska, Omaha

John L. Dobra, University of Nevada, Reno

Asif Dowla, St. Marys College of Maryland

Daniel W. Drezner, University of Chicago

Lloyd Dumas, University of Texas at Dallas

Manoranjan Dutta, Rutgers University

William R. Easterly, New York University

Richard M. Ebeling, Foundation for Economic Education

John C. Edmunds, Babson College

John B. Egger, Towson University

Barry J. Eichengreen, University of California, Berkeley

Eric Eliason, Brigham Young University

Jerome R. Ellig, George Mason University

Randall P. Ellis, Boston University

Sara Fisher Ellison, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Jeffrey C. Ely, Northwestern University

Ross B. Emmett, Michigan State University

Richard E. Ericson, East Carolina University

Barry S. Fagin, United States Air Force Academy

Frank Falero, Jr., California State University, Bakersfield

Jonathan Falk, NERA Economic Consulting

Eugene F. Fama, University of Chicago

Susan K. Feigenbaum, University of Missouri, St. Louis

Roger D. Feldman, University of Minnesota

J. Peter Ferderer, Macalester College

David N. Figlio, University of Florida

Morris P. Fiorina, Stanford University

Hartmut Fischer, University of San Francisco

Price V. Fishback, University of Arizona

Eric Fisher, Ohio State University

Franklin M. Fisher, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Robert J. Flanagan, Stanford University

Mark C. Foley, Davidson College

Fred E. Foldvary, Santa Clara University

William F. Ford, Middle Tennessee State University

Peter Frank, Wingate University

Robert H. Frank, Cornell University

Michele Fratianni, Indiana University

Jesse M. Fried, University of California,. Berkeley

Lowell E. Gallaway, Ohio University

Gary M. Galles, Pepperdine University

B. Delworth Gardner, Brigham Young University

Judith Gans, University of Arizona

Justin Garosi, North Dakota State University

David E. R. Gay, University of Arkansas

Adam K. Gehr, Jr., DePaul University

Michael Giberson, Independent Economist

Douglas M. Gibler, University of Kentucky

Adam Gifford, Jr., California State University, Northridge

John Gillingham, University of Missouri, St. Louis

William Gissy, Kennesaw State University

Edward L. Glaeser, Harvard University

Nathan Glazer, Harvard University

Brian Goff, Western Kentucky University

Steven M. Goldman, University of California, Berkeley

Deborah Goldsmith, City College of San Francisco

Don Goldstein, Allegheny College

Jack A. Goldstone, George Mason University

Peter Gordon, University of Southern California

Richard L. Gordon, The Pennsylvania State University

Roger H. Gordon, University of California, San Diego

Scott F. Grannis, Western Asset Management

Wayne B. Gray, Clark University

Martin Greenberger, University of California, Los Angeles

Michael Greenstone, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Gene M. Grossman, Princeton University

Peter Z. Grossman, Butler University

Richard S. Grossman, Wesleyan University

James D. Gwartney, Florida State University

David D. Haddock, Northwestern University

Larry M. Hall, Belmont University

James Halteman, Wheaton College

W. Michael Haneman, University of California, Berkeley

Robin Hanson, George Mason University

Andrew Hanssen, Montana State University

Stephen K. Happel, Arizona State University

W. Penn Hardwerker, University of Connecticut

Donald J. Harris, Stanford University

M. Kabir Hassan, University of New Orleans

Kevin A. Hassett, American Enterprise Institute

Robert H. Haveman, University of Wisconsin

Thomas Hazlett, George Mason University

Cary W. Heath, University of Louisiana, Lafayette

James J. Heckman, Nobel Laureate, University of Chicago

Scott Hein, Texas Tech University

Eric A. Helland, Claremont McKenna College

David R. Henderson, Hoover Institution

Jack High, George Mason University

Robert Higgs, The Independent Institute

P. J. Hill, Wheaton College

Bradley K. Hobbs, Florida Gulf Coast University

Randall G. Holcombe, Florida State University

Harry J. Holzer, Georgetown University

Richard Hooley, University of Pittsburgh

R. Bradley Hoppes, Missouri State University

Steven G. Horwitz, St. Lawrence University

Daniel E. Houser, George Mason University

Douglas A. Houston, University of Kansas

Charles W. Howe, University of Colorado, Boulder

John S. Howe, University of Missouri, Columbia

James E. Howell, Stanford University

Frank Howland, Wabash College

Hilary W. Hoynes, University of California, Davis

James L. Hudson, Northern Illinois University

James L. Huffman, Lewis & Clark College

Jeffrey Rogers Hummel, San Jose State University

David Hummels, Purdue University

Lester H. Hunt, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Christine Hurt, Marquette University

Roxana Idu, SUNY Buffalo

Frederick S. Inaba, Washington State University

Christopher R. Inama, Golden Gate University

Robert P. Inman, University of Pennsylvania

Michael Intriligator, University of California, Los Angeles

Thomas D. Jeitschko, Michigan State University

Bruce K. Johnson, Centre College

Douglas H. Joines, University of Southern California

Seth K. Jolly, Duke University

Garett Jones, Southern Illinois University

Kristin Roti Jones, Hartwick College

Michael Jones-Correa, Cornell University

William H. Kaempfer, University of Colorado, Boulder

Alfred E. Kahn, Cornell University

Joseph P. Kalt, Harvard University

Mark S. Kamlet, Carnegie Mellon University

Theodore C. Kariotis, Towson University

Stephen H. Karlson, Northern Illinois University

Jonathan M. Karpoff, University of Washington

David L. Kaserman, Auburn University

Raymond J. Keating, Small Business and Entrepreneurial Council

Peter B. Kenen, Princeton University

Miles S. Kimball, University of Michigan

Meelis, Kitsing, University of Massachusetts

Robin Klay, Hope College

Benjamin Klein, University of California, Los Angeles

Daniel Klein, George Mason University

Audrey D. Kline, University of Louisville

Paul R. Koch, Olivet Nazarene University

Roger Koppl, Fairleigh Dickinson University

Laurence J. Kotlikoff, Boston University

Melvyn B. Krauss, Hoover Institution

Brent E. Kreider, Iowa State University

Mordechai E. Kreinin, Michigan State University

David W. Kreutzer, James Madison University

Lawrence A. Kudlow, Kudlow & Company

Mukund S. Kulkarni, Penn State University, Harrisburg

Sumner J. La Croix, University of Hawaii

Arthur B. Laffer, A. B. Laffer Associates

Courtney LaFountain, University of Texas, Arlington

Deepak Lal, University of California, Los Angeles

Steven E. Landsburg, University of Rochester

Richard N. Langlois, University of Connecticut

Nicholas A. Lash, Loyola University

Wolfram Latsch, University of Washington

Robert A. Lawson, Capital University

Phillip LeBel, Montclair State University

Don R. Leet, California State University, Fresno

Kenneth M. Lehn, University of Pittsburgh

David K. Levine, University of California, Los Angeles

David M. Levy, George Mason University

Dale B. Light, Independent Scholar

P. Mather Lindsay, Mather Economics LLC

Tian Hao Liu, University of Chicago

George Lodge, Harvard University

Robert R. Logan, Northern Economic Research Associates

Edward J. Lopez, San José State University

Franklin A. Lopez, Tulane University

Anthony Loviscek, Seton Hall University

Robert E. Lucas, Jr., Nobel Laureate, University of Chicago

John E. Lunn, Hope College

W. Bentley MacLeod, Columbia University

Robert Main, Butler University

Burton G. Malkiel, Princeton University

Laurence Malone, Hartwick College

Yuri N. Maltsev, Carthage College

N. Gregory Mankiw, Harvard University

Geoffrey A. Manne, Lewis & Clark College

William F. Marina, Florida Atlantic University

Matthew Marlin, Duquesne University

Michael L. Marlow, California Polytechnic State University

Andres Marroquin Gramajo, George Mason University

Giovanni Mastrobuoni, Princeton University

David N. Mayer, Capital University

Carrie Mayne, Utah Department of Workforce Services

Michael J. Mazzeo, Northwestern University

Will McBride, George Mason University

Deirdre McCloskey, University of Illinois at Chicago

Paul W. McCracken, University of Michigan

Rachel McCulloch, Brandeis University

Michael J. McCully, High Point University

Daniel L. McFadden, Nobel Laureate, University of California, Berkeley

Joseph A. McKinney, Baylor University

Walter W. McMahon, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana

Robert McNown, University of Colorado, Boulder

Matthew Q. McPherson, Gonzaga University

Tom Means, San Jose State University

Roger Meiners, University of Texas, Arlington

John D. Merrifield, University of Texas, San Antonio

Harry Messenheimer, Rio Grande Foundation

Carrie Meyer, George Mason University

Jacob B. Michaelsen, University of California, Santa Cruz

William Milberg, New School for Social Research

Paul R. Milgrom, Stanford University

Demaris Miller, Psychologist

James C. Miller, III, George Mason University

Stephen C. Miller, Western Carolina University

Maria Minniti Koppl, Babson College

Jeffrey A. Miron, Harvard University

Wilson Mixon, Berry College

Robert Moffitt, Johns Hopkins University

Michael R. Montgomery, University of Maine

Cassandra Chrones Moore, Cato Institute

Thomas Gale Moore, Hoover Institution

John C. Moorhouse, Wake Forest University

Michael A. Morrisey, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Andrew P. Morriss, Case Western Reserve University

Milton L. Mueller, Syracuse University

Robert F. Mulligan, Western Carolina University

Michael C. Munger, Duke University

Ben Muse, Economist

David B. Mustard, University of Georgia

Richard F. Muth, Emory University

Thomas J. Nechyba, Duke University

Robert H. Nelson, University of Maryland

Russell Nelson, Economist

Hugh B. Nicholas Jr., Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center

M. Scott Niederjohn, Lakeland College

Eli M. Noam, Columbia University

Roger G. Noll, Stanford University

Masao Ogaki, Ohio State University

Lee Ohanian, University of California, Los Angeles

David J. OHara, Metropolitan State University

Randal OToole, Thoreau Institute

Lydia D. Ortega, San Jose State University

Evan Osborne, Wright State University

Randall E. Parker, East Carolina University

Allen M. Parkman, University of New Mexico

Jeffrey S. Parlow, Macomb Community College

Mark V. Pauly, University of Pennsylvania

Matthew C. Pearson, University of California, Davis

Sandra J. Peart, Baldwin-Wallace College

William S. Peirce, Case Western Reserve University

Robert L. Pennington, University of Central Florida

Jeffrey M. Perloff, University of California, Berkeley

Timothy Perri, Appalachian State University

Mark J. Perry, University of Michigan, Flint

William H. Peterson, Ludwig von Mises Institute

William S. Peirce, Case Western Reserve University

Owen R. Phillips, University of Wyoming

Robert S. Pindyck, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Joseph S. Pomykala, Towson University

Steven Postrel, Southern Methodist University

Benjamin Powell, The Independent Institute

John M. Quigley, University of California, Berkeley

Carlos Ramirez, George Mason University

Elizabeth L. Rankin, Centenary College of Louisiana

James B. Ramsey, New York University

Ronald A. Ratti, University of Missouri, Columbia

Salim Rashid, University of Illinois, Champaigne-Urbana

Laura Razzolini, Virginia Commonwealth University

Edward M. Rice, University of Washington

Raymond Riezman, University of Iowa

Salvador Rivera, State University of New York, Cobleskill

Luis N. Rivera-Pagan, Princeton University

Richard W. Rahn, Center for Global Economic Growth

Mario J. Rizzo, New York University

Michael J. Rizzo, Centre College

Donald John Roberts, Stanford University

Seth Roberts, University of California, Berkeley

Malcolm Robinson, Thomas More College

James D. Rodgers, Pennsylvania State University

Harvey S. Rosen, Princeton University

Nathan Rosenberg, Stanford University

Philip Rothman, East Carolina University

Ronald D. Rotunda, George Mason University

Brian Rowe, University of Michigan

Charles T. Rubin, Duquesne University

Paul H. Rubin, Emory University

Gerard Russo, University of Hawaii

Andrew R. Rutten, Stanford University

Matt E. Ryan, West Virginia University

Andrew Samwick, Dartmouth College

Steven C. Salop, Georgetown University

Raymond D. Sauer, Jr., Clemson University

Thomas R. Saving, Texas A & M University

W. Charles Sawyer, University of Southern Mississippi

Edward M. Scahill, University of Scranton

D. Eric Schansberg, Indiana University, New Albany

Thomas C. Schelling, Nobel Laureate, University of Maryland

Richard Schmalensee, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Ken Schoolland, Hawaii Pacific University

Stewart J. Schwab, Cornell University

Anna J. Schwartz, National Bureau of Economic Research

Kenneth E. Scott, Stanford University

Carlos C. Seiglie, Rutgers University

Barry J. Seldon, University of Texas, Dallas

George A. Selgin, University of Georgia

Richard Sennett, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

John F. Shampton, Texas Wesleyan University

Richard Sherlock, Utah State University

Tyler G. Shumway, University of Michigan

Randy T. Simmons, Utah State University

Rita Simon, American University

Charles David Skipton, University of Tampa

Daniel J. Slottje, Southern Methodist University

W. Gene Smiley, Marquette University

Alastair Smith, New York University

Charles Welstead Smith, Ohio State University

James F. Smith, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Jeffrey Smith, University of Michigan

Karl Smith, North Carolina State University

Nathan Smith, World Bank

Robert S. Smith, Cornell University

Vernon L. Smith, Nobel Laureate, George Mason University

Russell S. Sobel, West Virginia University

Ilya Somin, George Mason University

John W. Sommer, Political Economy Research Institute

John C. Soper, John Carroll University

Martin C. Spechler, Indiana University

David B. Spence, University of Texas, Austin

Mark Steckbeck, Hillsdale College

Roland Stephen, North Carolina State University

E. Frank Stephenson, Berry College

Robert M. Stern, University of Michigan

Robert T. Stewart, Fordham University

Hans Stoll, Vanderbilt University

Edward P. Stringham, San Jose State University

Amy H. Sturgis, Belmont University

Paul J. Sullivan, Georgetown University

Anita Summers, University of Pennsylvania

Scott Sumner, Bentley College

William A. Sundstrom, Santa Clara University

Shirley V. Svorny, California State University, Northridge

Aaron M. Swoboda, University of Pittsburgh

Richard E. Sylla, New York University

Alexander Tabarrok, The Independent Institute

John A. Tatom, Indiana State University

Jason E. Taylor, Central Michigan University

David J. Theroux, The Independent Institute

Clifford F. Thies, Shenandoah University

Christopher R. Thomas, University of South Florida

T. Nicolaus Tideman, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Richard H. Timberlake, Jr., University of Georgia

Robert D. Tollison, Clemson University

Mark Toma, University of Kentucky

John F. Tomer, Manhattan College

Jay L. Tontz, California State University, East Bay

Joel P. Trachtman, Tufts University

Adrian E. Tschoegl, University of Pennsylvania

Kevin K. Tsui, Clemson University

David Tufte, Southern Utah Unhiversity

Frederick Tung, Emory University

Gordon Tullock, George Mason University

Chad S. Turner, Nicholls State University

Nicola C. Tynan, Dickinson College

Michelle A. Vachris, Christopher Newport University

John J. Villarreal, California State University, East Bay

Georg Vanberg, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Mark Van Boening, University of Mississippi

T. Norman Van Cott, Ball State University

Hendrik Van den Berg, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Alvaro Vargas Llosa, The Independent Institute

Karen I. Vaughn, George Mason University

Richard K. Vedder, Ohio University

Erik Voeten, George Washington University

George Vredeveld, University of Cincinnati

Deborah L. Walker, Fort Lewis College

Eric Wanner, Russell Sage Foundation

Michael R. Ward, University of Texas, Arlington

John T. Warner, Clemson University

Alan Rufus Waters, California State University, Fresno

Michael J. Webb, Regulatory Economics Group

William Weber, Southeast Missouri State University

Ivo I. Welch, Brown University

David L. Weimer, University of Wisconsin, Madison

John T. Wenders, University of Idaho

J. Fred Weston, University of California, Los Angeles

Robert M. Whaples, Wake Forest University

Lawrence H. White, University of Missouri, St. Louis

Ronald F. White, College of Mount St. Joseph

John Whitehead, Appalachian State University

Marina v. N. Whitman, University of Michigan

Roland Wiederaenders, Austin Capital Management

Christopher Wignall, University of California at San Diego (grad econ student)

Richard W. Wilcke, University of Louisville

James A. Wilcox, University of California, Berkeley

Thomas D. Willett, Claremont Graduate University

Arlington W. Williams, Indiana University, Bloomington

Douglas Wills, University of Washington, Tacoma

Bonnie Wilson, St. Louis University

Larry T. Wimmer, Brigham Young University

Michael K. Wohlgenant, North Carolina State University

Barbara Wolfe, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Justin Wolfers, University of Pennsylvania

Gary Wolfram, Hillsdale College

Arthur Woolf, University of Vermont

Eric C. Woychik, Strategy Integration LLC

Brian Wright, University of California, Berkeley

Joshua D. Wright, George Mason University

Bruce Yandle, Clemson University

David B. Yoffie, Harvard University

DeVon L. Yoho, Ball State University

Derek K. Yonai, Campbell University

Jeffrey T. Young, St. Lawrence University

Asghar Zardkoohi, Texas A & M University

Lei Zhang, Clemson University

Kate Xiao Zhou, University of Hawaii

Zenon X. Zygmont, Western Oregon University



Foreign Signatories top^

Lord Meghnad Desai, London School of Economics, England

Kevin Dowd, University of Nottingham, England

Jose Antonio Fontana, Uruguay

Francisco Javier Aparicio, CIDE, Mexico

Jurgen G. Backhaus, Erfurt University, Germany

Alvaro Bardon, Universidad Finis Terrae, Chile

Alberto Benegas-Lynch, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Niclas Berggren, Ratio Institute, Sweden

Andreas Bergh, Lund University, Sweden

Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen, University of Hull, England

Gregor Bush, BMO Economics, Canada

John B. Chilton, American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Julio H. Cole, Universidad Francisco Marroquin, Guatemala

Janet Coleman, London School of Economics and Political Science, England

Enrico Colombatto, University of Torino, Italy

Daniel Cordova, Peruvian University of Applied Sciences, Peru

Eric Crampton, University of Canterbury, New Zealand

Fredrik Erixon, Timbro, Sweden

Ana Marie Fossati, Agencia Interamericana de Prensa Económica, Uruguay

Angel Solano Garcia, Universitad de Granada, Spain

Ronald Hamowy, University of Alberta, Canada

Steffen Hentrich, German Advisory Council on the Environment, Berlin, Germany

Andrew Leigh, Australian National University

Pierre Lemieux, University of Québec in Outaouais, Canada

Christopher R. Lingle, Francisco Marroquin University, Guatemala

Lance J. Lochner, University of Western Ontario, Canada

Francis T. Lui, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China

Robert Nef, Liberales Institut Zurich, Switzerland

Jan Narveson, University of Waterloo, Canada

Maximilian Oberbauer, University of Vienna, Austria

John F. Opie, Feri Rating & Research GmbH, Germany

Mohamed Oudebji, Economics and Social Sciences of Marrakech, Morocco

Tomi Ovaska, University of Regina, Canada

Eduardo Pegurier, Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Victoria Curzon Price, University of Geneva, Switzerland

Herbert Reginbogin, University of Potsdam, Germany

Friedrich Schneider, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Austria

Parth J. Shah, Centre for Civil Society, India

Claudio Djissey Shikida, Brazil

Saul Trejo, Grupo Acex, Mexico

Alec van Gelder, International Policy Network, England

Sam Vermeersch, NPO Fakbar Letteren, Belgium

Anthony M. C. Waterman, University of Manitoba, Canada



Useful References top^

Borjas, George J., and Lawrence F. Katz. 2006. Evolution of the Mexican-Born Workforce in the United States. NBER Working Paper No. 11281. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Card, David. 2005. Is the New Immigration Really So Bad? NBER Working Paper No. 11547. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Card, David, and Ethan G. Lewis. 2005. The Diffusion of Mexican Immigrants During the 1990s: Explanations and Impacts. NBER Working Paper No. 11552. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Couch, Jim F., Brett A. King, William H. Wells, and Peter M. Williams. June 2001. Nation of Origin Bias and the Enforcement of Immigration Laws by the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Independent Institute Working Paper. Oakland, Calif.: The Independent Institute.

Cowen, Tyler, and Daniel Rothschild. May 15, 2006. Hey, Dont Bad-mouth Unskilled Immigrants: You Dont Have to Be a Computer Genius to Be Good for the U.S. Los Angeles Times.

__________. June 12, 2006. Blending In, Moving Up. Washington Post.

Friedberg, Rachel M. 2001. The Impact of Mass Migration on the Israeli Labor Market. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (4): 1373-1408.

Friedberg, Rachel M., and Jennifer Hunt. 1995. The Impact of Immigrants on Host Country Wages, Employment and Growth, Journal of Economic Perspectives 9 (4): 23-44.

Gallaway, Lowell E., Stephen Moore, and Richard K. Vedder. 2000. The Immigration Problem: Then and Now. The Independent Review 4 (3): 347-364.

Gandal, Neil, Gordon H. Hanson, and Matthew J. Slaughter. 2000. Technology, Trade, and Adjustment to Immigration in Israel. NBER Working Paper No. 7962. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Krueger, Alan B. April 6, 2006. Two Labor Economic Issues for the Immigration Debate. Washington, D.C.: Center for American Progress.

Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P., and Giovanni Peri. 2006. Rethinking the Gains from Immigration: Theory and Evidence from the U.S. NBER Working Paper No. 11672. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Powell, Benjamin. April 30, 2005. Immigration, Economic Growth, and the Welfare State. Oakland, Calif.: The Independent institute.

__________. May 18, 2005. Immigration Reform that Both Sides Can Support. San Francisco Business Times.

___________. April 4, 2006. How To Reform Immigration Laws. Atlanta Journal-Constitution.

___________. December 22, 2005. The Pseudo Economic Problems of Immigration. San Diego Union-Tribune.

Powell, Benjamin, and Peter Laufer. September 21, 2005. Immigration Wars: Open or Closed Borders for America? Transcript of Independent Policy Forum. Oakland, Calif.: The Independent Institute.

Simon, Julian. 1999. The Economic Consequences of Immigration, 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press.

_______. 1990. Population Matters: People, Resources, Environment, and Immigration. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers.

Smith, James P., and Barry Edmonston. 1998. The Immigration Debate: Studies on the Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.

Tabarrok, Alexander. 2000. Economic and Moral Factors in Favor of Open Immigration. Oakland, Calif.: The Independent Institute.

Vedder, Richard K., and Lowell E. Gallaway. 1993. Out of Work: Unemployment and Government in Twentieth-Century America, rev. ed. New York: New York University Press for The Independent Institute.