But, unless you’re fluent in the industry’s jargon, it can be “very hard to figure out who’s actually distilling their own whiskey,” according to Colin Spoelman, co-founder and master distiller of Kings County Distillery, which distills all its own spirits in Brooklyn, New York.

Terms like “small batch,” “craft,” and “hand-crafted” have no set legal meaning — they’re just marketing terms. Likewise, brands are free to proclaim “made by,” “produced by” or “bottled by” on their label, even if they didn’t distill the actual spirit that’s in the bottle.

“In the spirits business, historically, there's just a lot of shadiness,” Spoelman concluded. “It's just a shady business.”

The biggest bourbon brand you’ve never heard of

MGP isn’t a household name in bourbon, but it’s well known among industry insiders and connoisseurs. With distilling operations headquartered in the old Seagram’s Distillery in Lawrenceburg, Indiana, MGP is one of the largest whiskey sourcers in the industry.

Sourcing whiskey, or “barrel trading” as it’s been called historically, is a core business practice to the spirits industry. Brands buy wholesale liquid to meet unexpected demand, shore up supply chain deficiencies, or sell off excess stock when a distiller makes too much in a given year, for instance.

Kings County Distillery demonstrates the change in color as spirits age progressively longer in charred oak barrels. Andrew Stern / NBC

But sourcing plays an especially outsize role with bourbon, because unlike clear spirits like vodka or gin, bourbon has to age for years before it makes it to market. So a production mishap or an incorrect market forecast made four or more years ago doesn’t come to fruition until it’s too late to remedy it without help.

That’s where MGP comes in, for instance. The company doesn’t release its output publicly, so it’s hard to confirm, but its CEO Gus Griffin said MGP is “one of the five largest bourbon manufacturers. … We supply over a million cases of bourbon a year to the industry.”

So why do so few people know MGP’s name?

For one, it maintains strict confidentiality agreements with all of its customers; the purchasing brand only has to reveal MGP as its source if it wants to — an option many decline.

In addition, labeling regulations only require that the bottler list in which state the liquid was distilled — easily done in tiny print on the back of the bottle.

Widow Jane does just that: Its 10-year-old bourbon label proclaims “Kentucky Bourbon” on the back in small letters. That means it’s not from MGP in Indiana, but there’s no way to know which distillery in Kentucky made it unless Widow Jane releases that information.

When backstory bleeds into myth

In an ever-crowded market, it can be hard for brands to distinguish themselves on their product alone — especially if they’re sourcing from a huge, common supplier like MGP. But it’s one thing to build a brand identity with an archetype in mind, it’s another to stretch the truth or outright deceive.

Templeton Rye, for instance, settled a class-action lawsuit in 2015 for $2.5 million, agreeing to “now feature the words ‘Distilled in Indiana’ on the back and remove the words ‘Small Batch’ and ‘Prohibition Era Recipe’ from the front” after consumers sued for “deceptive marketing.”

At MGP's distillery, massive rickhouses hold tens of thousands of whiskey barrels as the spirits age into maturity. Shivani Khattar / NBC

Widow Jane promotes its connection to the rich history of the New York concrete industry, the town of Rosendale and the Widow Jane mine therein. On its website, it says, “In 1970, the last Rosendale limestone mine closed down. Its owner, A.J. Snyder, was as tough as the material he quarried and was known as a cruel boss and an even crueler husband. On the other hand his wife, Jane, was a beacon in the Rosendale community and beloved by all for her kindness and pure spirit. Hence when Snyder passed, the Rosendale Limestone Mine became known to all as the Widow Jane Mine.”

The Century House Historical Society owns the Snyder estate and the Widow Jane Mine. Its current president, Henry Lowengard, and the Rosendale Library archivist, said that telling of the story is historically inaccurate. Of the two A.J. Snyders who owned the mine, neither were ever married to a woman named Jane.

Widow Jane’s VP of operations Michele Clark says she got that story from “a local whose father was involved in owning the Century House and helped begin it.”

And despite Clark claiming they have a “tap” into the Widow Jane Mine to extract water, Lowengard disputed that as well: “The source of their water, Turco Brothers' mine, is still not connected to the water of the Widow Jane Mine, and we have no connection to Widow Jane Whiskey.” A representative of Turcos Brothers water also confirmed Lowengard’s statement, saying Turcos doesn’t have access to the Widow Jane mine itself.

Clark disputed that characterization, saying that the company instead has access to a "closed portion" of the mine, rather than what she says is the open area of the mine under the purview of the historical society. She also said Widow Jane has a supportive relationship with the organization, an assertion that Lowengard said is not the case.

The properties are close in proximity, however, so it’s safe to assume Widow Jane is sourcing limestone-rich mineral water from Rosendale, just not from the namesake mine as advertised.

As for producing the well-known 10-year-old straight bourbon, it’s understandable why Widow Jane sources that — opened in 2012, the distillery isn’t old enough to produce a 10-year varietal.

To many consumers, sourcing and stories might not matter. “There's folks that are happy to buy whiskey that tastes really, really good. A lot of these whiskies that are being sourced are just great whiskey,” said Jeffery Lindenmuth, executive editor of Whisky Advocate Magazine.

He added that, on the other hand, those looking for local products might be put off by deceptive marketing.

“It all depends on your motivations,” Lindenmuth said. “The folks that we see that have put out good whiskey and been really transparent and said that they've sourced it ... they've done really well. I think it's not the crime, it's the cover-up.”