Boris Johnson has conducted a ruthless cabinet bloodbath to build his government around the team which delivered the Vote Leave result in the Brexit referendum.

Within hours of taking over from Theresa May as prime minister, Mr Johnson sacked 11 senior ministers, while six more walked out rather than serve under the new PM.

Key figures from the Brexit side of the EU referendum were catapulted into top jobs, with Priti Patel becoming home secretary and Dominic Raab foreign secretary while Vote Leave supremo Dominic Cummings will be “Johnson’s chief executive” as a senior No 10 adviser.

Jacob Rees-Mogg, chairman of the European Research Group, was appointed Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council and will attend cabinet.

Michael Gove, who was joint figurehead of the Vote Leave campaign alongside Mr Johnson in 2016, became chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, with responsibility to lead preparations for a possible no-deal Brexit in October.

Other pro-Brexit politicians in Mr Johnson’s cabinet include Stephen Barclay as Brexit secretary, Liz Truss as international trade secretary, Andrea Leadsom as business secretary and Theresa Villiers as environment secretary.

Mr Raab – who previously served only four months in cabinet before quitting over Ms May’s EU withdrawal deal – was also named first secretary of state, a title normally reserved for the PM’s effective deputy.

New foreign secretary Dominic Raab (AFP) (AFP/Getty)

The appointments did little to reflect Mr Johnson’s avowed intention to unite the country behind a new withdrawal agreement, leaving some observers to conclude he is heading instead for a fatal clash with no-deal opponents in parliament and an early general election.

Few former Remainers survived the purge of Ms May’s old guard.

Sajid Javid, the new chancellor of the exchequer, was the only one of the four holders of the great offices of state to have backed Remain in the 2016 referendum, becoming the first Muslim to lead the Treasury. Amber Rudd stayed as work and pensions secretary and took on responsibility for women and equalities, while Matt Hancock stayed on as health secretary. Robert Buckland was promoted from prisons minister to justice secretary and Lord Chancellor.

Gavin Williamson, who played a key role securing MP’s votes for Mr Johnson in the early stages of the leadership contest, returned to government as education secretary less than three months after being sacked for leaking secrets.

And Nicky Morgan, a former Remainer who helped devise the Malthouse Compromise plan to get rid of the controversial Irish backstop, returned to government as culture secretary after three years on the backbenches.

Boris Johnson's motorcade blocked by protesters on way to meet the Queen

The former government chief whip Julian Smith has been appointed the new Northern Ireland Secretary. The MP for Skipton and Ripon in Yorkshire since 2010 has previously focused on rural issues, education, business and international development concerns.

Esther McVey has been appointed minister of state at the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government and will also attend Cabinet. James Cleverly has been appointed minister without portfolio and Conservative Party chairman.

Boris Johnson’s cabinet Chancellor - Sajid Javid- replaces Philip Hammond Home Secretary – Priti Patel – replaces SajidJavid Foreign Secretary – Dominic Raab– replaces Jeremy Hunt Brexit Secretary - Stephen Barclay- no change Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster - Michael Gove - replaces David Lidington Defence Secretary - Ben Wallace- replaces Penny Mordaunt International Trade Secretary - Liz Truss- replaces Liam Fox Health Secretary - Matt Hancock - no change Environment Secretary - Theresa Villiers- replaces Michael Gove Education Secretary - Gavin Williamson - replaces Damian Hinds Culture Secretary - Nicky Morgan- replaces Jeremy Wright Business Secretary - Andrea Leadsom- replaces Greg Clark Housing and Communities Secretary - Robert Jenrick - replaces James Brokenshire Works and Pensions Secretary - Amber Rudd- no change (also takes Women and Equalities brief) Justice Secretary - Robert Buckland- replaces David Gauke International Development Secretary - Alok Sharma - replaces Rory Stewart Transport Secretary - Grant Shapps- replaces Chris Grayling Welsh Secretary - Alun Cairns - no change Scottish Secretary - Alister Jack - replaces David Mundell Northern Ireland Secretary - Julian Smith- replaces Karen Bradley Leader of Lords - Baroness Evans- no change Leader of Commons - Jacob Rees-Mogg- replaces Andrea Leadsom Conservative Party chairman - James Cleverly- replaces Brandon Lewis

The new cabinet will meet for the first time on Thursday morning, before Mr Johnson makes his first statement as prime minister to the Commons, where he can expect a hostile reception from Labour, Liberal Democrats and pro-EU rebels on his own Tory benches.

Labour chairman Ian Lavery accused Mr Johnson of creating “a cabinet of hardline conservatives who will only represent the privileged few”.

They included “a chancellor who’s consistently called for more tax cuts for big corporations, home and education secretaries who were sacked for breaches of national security and a foreign secretary who doesn’t know the importance of our ports”, he said.

Mr Johnson’s vanquished rival in the Tory leadership race, Jeremy Hunt, walked out of government after refusing to take the defence secretary job vacated by the dismissal of Penny Mordaunt after less than there months in the job

Penny Mordaunt was removed as defence secretary (Getty)

Mr Johnson’s massacre – removing more than half of the cabinet in a matter of hours – was the most brutal in modern political history, putting in the shade the famed Night of the Long Knives, when Prime Minister Harold Macmillan sacked seven ministers in 1962.

Even prominent Brexiteers were not spared, with Ms Mordaunt, Liam Fox and Chris Grayling falling beneath Mr Johnson’s axe as the new PM fashioned a team designed for an all-out 99-day charge for the EU exit door.

But members of Mr Johnson’s inner circle were rewarded, with long-time ally Ben Wallace eventually taking the defence job and Robert Jenrick becoming housing secretary. Grant Shapps, who played a key role in his leadership campaign, became transport secretary.

In his first speech as PM outside the famous black door of Downing Street, Mr Johnson left no doubt of his determination to deliver Brexit by the Halloween deadline, with or without a deal, “no ifs or buts”.

But he also claimed he wanted to “unite the country”.

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Westminster watchers said the lopsided construction of his first cabinet was unlikely even to unite his party, with a slew of big beasts now on the backbenches determined to stop a no-deal outcome.

And he goes into what will be a fraught period of negotiation with his working majority balanced on a knife-edge and likely to be reduced to a single seat by next week’s by-election in Brecon and Radnorshire following the stripping of Chris Davies of his seat because of an expenses scandal.

Lib Dem Brexit spokesman Tom Brake said: “I think all the leading Brexit campaigners who three years ago were talking about how the UK would secure a deal are now suggesting that actually the way forward for the United Kingdom is no deal.