How browsers schedule and execute scripts can impact the performance of web pages. While techniques like <script defer> , <link rel=preload> (and others) influence script loading, knowing how browsers interpret them can also be helpful. Thanks to Kouhei Ueno, we now have an up to date summary of script scheduling in Chrome.

Loading priority

(network/Blink) Execution priority Where should this be used? <script> in <head> Medium/High VeryHigh -

Blocks parser Scripts that affect layout of First Meaningful Paint (FMP) / First Contentful Paint (FCP) content

Scripts that must be run before other scripts Examples: Framework runtime (if not static-rendered) Polyfills A/B testing that affects DOM structure of the entire page

<link rel=preload> +

<script async> hack or <script type=module async> Medium/High High -

Interrupts parser Scripts that generate critical content (needed for FMP) But shouldn't affect above-the-fold layout of the page Scripts that trigger network fetches of dynamically inserted content Scripts that need to execute as soon as their imports are fetched, use <script async type=module> Examples: Draw something on <canvas>

<script async> Lowest/Low High -

Interrupts parser Be careful when considering <script async> . Today it is often used to indicate non-critical scripts, but is inconsistent in being loaded at low priority and executed at high priority. <script defer> Lowest/Low VeryLow -

Runs after <script> s at end of <body> Scripts that generate non-critical content

Scripts that provide key interactive features that >50% of page view sessions would use Examples: Ad frameworks Framework runtime (if client-side or server rendered)

<script> at the end of <body> Medium/High Low -

Waits parser end Be careful when using <script> at the end of <body> when you think they are low priority. These scripts are scheduled at Medium/High priority. <script defer> at the end of <body> Lowest/Low -

end of the queue VeryLow -

Runs after <script> s at end of <body> Scripts that provide interactive features that may be used occasionally Examples: Load "Related articles" "Give feedback" feature

<link rel=prefetch> + <script> in a next-page navigation Idle / Lowest Depends on when and how the script is consumed. Scripts very likely to provide important functionality to a next-page navigation. Examples: JavaScript bundle for a future route

Note: Loading priorities are not guaranteed to be consistent cross-browser so use this knowledge wisely and measure when unsure. Ideally, aim to delivery a great experience to the widest number of users possible.

If you're a web developer wondering where you can see the "Loading Priority", Chrome DevTools has an optional "Priority" column available in the Network panel. Right-click the column headers and you can switch it on:

This above priorities summary is still true as of February 2019. I would personally love to get a better understanding of loading priorities in other browsers too. Hopefully this overview is useful to someone out there!

Thanks to Kouhei, Dom Faralino, Pat Meenan, Kenji Baheux and Yoav Weiss for their contributions helping better explain Chrome's network stack.

Further reading