Radiation revolutionized medicine when it was first used to treat cancer in 1901. Its use, however, has only been able to evolve as far as technical innovation has allowed. Now, thanks to progress in physics, technology and computing, radiation therapy is entering a new era of precision, effectiveness and safety, and the IAEA is helping to ensure advances in radiotherapy reach patients in all parts of the world.

“These advances can improve the quality of life for the patient during treatment. And for many types of cancer, improve targeting, reduce recurrence, and improve survival rates,” said May Abdel-Wahab, Director of the IAEA’s Human Health Division. “In addition, some of these new technologies, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), may complement new immunotherapy treatments by enhancing the immunogenicity of the cancer.”

Over 14 million people worldwide are diagnosed with cancer each year. Around half of all cancer patients receive radiotherapy at some point during their treatment (see Radiation therapy), and it is often used in combination with other methods, such as surgery and chemotherapy.

Many developing countries face challenges in keeping up with evolving technology and methods. Through IAEA support, countries across the world are setting up and receiving training in radiotherapy and safely transitioning to advanced techniques. “The IAEA works hard to help countries provide high-quality radiotherapy services, so that all patients can access and benefit from these life-saving tools and methods,” Abdel-Wahab said.