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HRC on single payer

I know we did this before the last debate, but given Tapper’s question on single payer, here are some of HRC’s more favorable comments on single payer going back to 1993. Note that she has always been open to states CHOOSING to do single payer if they wanted, which was a component of her 1993 plan. *Hillary Clinton Told The Seattle-Post Intelligencer Said The Administration Rejected National Single Payer Because Of Cost Variation But Their Plan Preserved It At A State Level. *“Clinton said the administration had rejected a national Canadian-style ‘single-payer’ system of the son being considered in Montana and backed by Rep. Jim McDermott. D-Wash., and 90 House members because there is too much variation in health care costs around the country. A single-payer approach could impose uniform rates. Another reason is political, she added: Congress is not ready to pass a national single-payer system. She said states would be allowed to set up single payer systems if they chose.” [Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 4/29/94 <file:///C:\Users\EAden\Downloads\es>] *Hillary Clinton Record on Single-Payer Health Care* 2008 Campaign Health Care Reform Called Medicare-for-All a “Credible Idea” *Hillary Called Medicare-For-All A “Credible Idea” But That “You Have To Figure Out Where You Get The Votes For That.” *“If you favor, as I know your editorial board does, a Medicare for all system then you have to figure out where you get the votes for that and what the transition would be, but it’s a really credible idea because Medicare has a really low administrative overhead percentage – especially compared to private insurance.” [Des Moines Register Editorial Board Meeting, 7/20/07 <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CqOSq2crBOQ&feature=youtu.b>] *Hillary Reportedly Denied Ruling Out Single-Payer, And Said “Medicare For All… Would Be Something To Be Considered” If Democrats Won A Big Congressional Majority. *“Clinton was asked directly about the relative modesty of her approach in a revealing, unpublicized New York talk in April, in which a board member of the Community Service Society of New York, Jonathan Greenberg, asked her why she ‘continue[s] to see the solution’ as private insurance, rather than a single-payer national system. ‘Well, I didn’t say that,’ Clinton responded, to the audience’s apparent surprise. But she added that ‘for the short term, it’ll probably have to build on the employer-based system, but with a lot of changes in how it operates and what the insurance companies are expected to do.’ She also proposed providing ‘options to people to buy into government health care.’ A far broader program known as ‘Medicare for All,’ she said, ‘would be something to be considered’ if Democrats can win at least 55 seats in the Senate. ‘I just feel it’s unfair to tell people we can do something politically when we don’t yet have the votes to do it.’” [Politico, 9/17/07 <http://www.politico.com/story/2007/09/clinton-set-to-unveil-health-care-plan-005853> ] Criticized Obama for Flip-Flopping on Single-Payer *2008: Hillary: “When Senator Obama Ran For The Senate, He Was For Single Payer And Said He Was For Single Payer If We Could Get” Enough Democrats Elected To Do It. *“Secondly, we have seen once again a kind of evolution here. When Senator Obama ran for the Senate, he was for single payer and said he was for single payer if we could get a Democratic president and Democratic Congress. As time went on, the last four or so years, he said he was for single payer in principle. Then he was for universal health care. And then his policy is not. It is not universal.” [Democratic presidential debate, 1/21/08] Did Not Support Single-Payer *2007: Hillary Noted Single-Payer’s Positives, But Said “Disruption To The System That Already Exists For People Is Highly Anxiety Producing… Most Americans Want To Be Able To Choose.” *“You know, I rejected it for additional reasons that I don’t think it is really suitable for taking our country where we are with respect to the way the health care system currently functions and moving it toward universal coverage. You know, there are obviously legitimate pros and cons to every single option that people have put forth and there’s a very strong argument that moving toward a single payer system could be more efficient and simpler and, therefore, attractive. And it’s easy to understand why many Americans believe that’s the logical and appropriate course to take. But I also have been through this, as you all know, and the idea of disruption to the system that already exists for people is highly anxiety producing. And therefore I’ve concluded that most Americans want to be able to chose, to keep what they have because there’s been very significant research done demonstrating that many Americans are happy with what they have and resistant to change. Many employers are not enthusiastic about having to provide health care but don’t want to give up the control that it gives them over that and there are other concerns that are deeply held by people.” [HRC Des Moines Register (IA) interview, 9/19/07] *2007: Hillary Said “Just Expanding Medicare” Has “Political, Economic, And Health Questions Attached To It… That Make It A Very Difficult… Option To Propose.” *““Q: You’ve talked about the public option that you would offer as being similar to Medicare, why not just expand Medicare and let people buy into it? HRC: Well, I think, Carol, that after, obviously, working on this and looking at it for many years now the idea of expanding Medicare is very resisted by a lot of people who are already in the Medicare system. And the benefits that are available in Medicare are not directly applicable to the needs of the general population. And in order to expand Medicare, as opposed to, say, use Medicare as a model for a single-payer system, which, of course, is the short-hand that a lot of people who would like to move toward a single-payer system say; they say, you know, ‘Medicare for all,’ meaning, you know, a national health system, government run and government paid for. The idea of just expanding Medicare to include the rest of the population I think has a political, economic, and health questions attached to it that on closer consideration that make it a very difficult, you know, option to propose.” [HRC Des Moines Register (IA) interview, 9/19/07] *2007: Hillary Clinton, When Asked For A One Word Answer On Support For A Single-Payer Healthcare System: “No.”* WOODRUFF: One word answer, yes or no, single-payer system, right or wrong? RICHARDSON: No. DODD (?): Not now. CLINTON: No. [AARP And Statewide Iowa Public Television Presidential Forum, 9/21/07] *2008: Hillary Clinton: “I Have Thought About This, As You Might Guess, For 15 Years And I Never Seriously Considered A Single Payer System.”* “Q: Let’s talk for a minute about the formulation of your plan. I’m interested in how seriously you considered proposing a single payer system and at what point in that discussion did you decide to propose an individual mandate? MRS. CLINTON: You know, I have thought about this, as you might guess, for 15 years and I never seriously considered a single payer system. Obviously, I listened to arguments about its advantages and disadvantages, and many people who I have a great deal of respect for certainly think that it is the only way to go. But I said, as you quoted me, that we had to do what would appeal to and actually coincide with what the body politic will and political coalition building was. So I think if you look at most public opinion surveys, even from groups of people who you would think would be pretty positive towards single payer, Americans have a very skeptical attitude. They don’t really know that Medicare is a single payer system. They don’t really think about that. They think about these foreign countries that they hear all these stories about, whether they’re true or not, which they’re often not. And so talking about single payer really is a conversation ender for most Americans, because then they become very nervous about socialized medicine and all the rest of this. So I never really seriously considered it.” [NYT, 3/27/08 <http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/27/us/politics/27text-health.html?pagewanted=all> ] Supported “Uniquely American” Solution With Choices *2007: Hillary Clinton: “Given Where Our System Is Today, We Need A Uniquely American Solution… You’ve Got To Maintain Choice In Our Country Because That’s Really Part Of The American Character, We Like To Have Choices.” *ART: Right. Now, lots of times when people come up here, the question that gets asked to candidates is, because we’re so close to Canada, comparisons are made to Canada and the single-payer system, I was wondering what your opinion is of the single-payer system. HRC: Well, I think that there are a lot of positives in a single-payer system, after all, Medicare is a single-payer system, and that’s something that a lot of Americans don’t, you know, appreciate, is that we all pay into a government system for Medicare. I think, though, given where our system is today, we need a uniquely American solution. It’s not really going to work for the United States to, you know, just pick somebody else’s system. Because, for example, in Canada, there’s not enough competition, you know, there’s only one system and I don’t think that Americans would put up with that for very long. Do you? ART: Right. That’s probably quite right. HRC: But I think in other universal systems, like in Switzerland, or Germany, or Australia there is a national system that provides a set amount of benefits for everybody, kind of like what Medicare does, then you’re free to go get additional insurance, which you also do with Medicare. And those systems seem to work better, the people then have more choices and I think you’ve got to maintain choice in our country because that’s really part of the American character, we like to have choices. [Hillary Clinton conference call with North Country – NH, 8/23/07] *2007: Hillary: “We Have To Have A Uniquely American Solution To Health Care Because We're A Different Kind Of Country Than Anybody Else… People Like Their Choice And The Idea That They Want To Know Who Their Doctor Is.” *“The other big way of doing it, which a few of the other candidates in the Democratic primary are advocating, is to move toward a system that would have Medicare for everybody -- you know, a kind of a single-payer system where we would try to get the cost down and -- because you wouldn't have all the overhead and administrative costs that go with the private insurance market. You know, I think we have to have a uniquely American solution to health care because we're a different kind of country than anybody else. I mean, we are bigger and more diverse, and people like their choice and the idea that they want to know who their doctor is and what hospital they can go to. So I think we will move toward requiring employers to participate the way Massachusetts does or the way California is considering.” [Good Morning America, Iowa Town Hall, 3/26/07] Competition With The Private Sector *2007: Hillary Said Her Plan Would Allow People To “Keep What They Have” Or If They Want They Could “Go Into The Congressional Plan And There Will Be A Public Plan Option Within That.” *“So, what I have proposed will enable Americans, if they choose, to keep what they have or if they are uninsured or dissatisfied for either quality or cost reasons with what they have, including employers, they will be able to go into the congressional plan and there will be a public plan option within that system that would be made available. And the public program option would be based on Medicare but with the improved FEHBP standard benefit that is really more in keeping with the needs of families and children and others that you don’t really find in Medicare. [HRC Des Moines Register (IA) interview, 9/19/07] *2007: Hillary Said Her Health Reform Plan Would Allow The Public And Private Sectors To Compete Because Many Hesitate Moving Away From Employer Based Health Care. *“Q: I’m looking at the first page, Senator, of your proposal, I think makes it pretty simple. If I’m a regular person I can choose between a public plan and a private plan. You know, that’s sort of interesting, I mean, it will introduce a whole new kind of competition. Will the private sector be competing with the public sector? And what result – you know, what impact will that have on the private sector? HRC: Well, I sure hope that they will be because that’s, you know, it’s one of the reasons why I have included it because, you know, there is, as I was just saying, a very strong desire on the part of many people, not just, you know, people who are more conservative but, you know, people who have good plans now, people who trust their employer, I mean, there are just so many people who don’t want a change from the employer based system. And I think that’s kind of surprising. You know, there was a recent survey done of labor union members and, of course, you know, labor unions have been among the staunchest supporters of single payer health care and they, I think, were somewhat surprised to see a very hefty majority of their members not wanting to move in that direction. People, you know, people know what they know. They’ve had an experience with the health care system and no matter how maddening it can be and how many disadvantages it imposes on how expensive it is for, frankly, what we get from it, there is an allegiance to it that I have incorporated into my planning. On the other hand, there are many people who believe passionately that we are spending money we don’t need to spend and we are causing complexity we shouldn’t have to deal with and, therefore, they want a public plan option. And I certainly agree that they should have that." [HRC Des Moines Register (IA) interview, 9/19/07] *2007: Hillary Said Public-Private Competition Would Be “All To The Good” Because Her Goal Was To Get The Insurance Companies To “Compete On Cost And Quality.” *“Now, that does create competition and I think that’s all to the good because if we get the insurance regulation that I think we have to have, their insurance companies are going to have to, you know, compete on cost and quality.” [HRC Des Moines Register (IA) interview, 9/19/07] *2007: Hillary Used Customer Service As An Example Where Insurance Companies Might Rise To The Challenge To Out-Perform The Public Option. *“There are lots of ways that they can be motivated to compete against this public plan option. You know, you probably could get much more intense customer service, for example, if, you know, you chose a private plan as opposed to the public, you know, plan option. If a smart insurance company said, you know, we are going to, you know, be hiring trainers and those trainers will be available to you once a week to try to get in better shape because we want you healthier because that’ll lower your costs and it’ll improve our bottom line. I mean, I’m just kind of making that up, but I can see, you know, that kind of approach becoming almost, you know, attractive. Right now we’ve got insurance companies unwilling to pay for prevention because, they’re very blunt about it, they say, look, you know, why should I pay for the colonoscopy or for the visit to the podiatrist. You know, that person may not be my responsibly when he or she gets colon cancer or has to have their foot amputated. You know, it’s a very cold, calculating, bottom line decision. Well, that’s not going to be available to them under this new plan, they’re going to have to cover prevention. So, I think this competition, at least what I’m, you know, hoping for, is going to be good for patients and good for customers because, you know, they’re going to have choice and does kind of focus people’s attention on whether or not they will continue to have business. [HRC Des Moines Register (IA) interview, 9/19/07] Other Comments Related to Single-Payer Health Care As First Lady *Clinton: “As A Nation, We Have To Continue To Work Toward Universal, Affordable, Quality Health Care For Every Single American.” *“Let’s be clear. As a nation, we have to continue to work toward universal, affordable, quality health care for every single American. While all of us must continue to work toward that day and we will do our part, it is going to be up to each of you who graduates today to assume your place as one of the architects of this changing health care world. I'm afraid you can't just be bystanders or kibitzers because you have the information and the experience that all of us need. About 100 years ago, one of your predecessors said, ‘We are very glad to be in the class of 1900 and not 1800, because we confidently believe we shall all witness greater triumphs in the century now dawning.’ I hope each of you feels the same and I trust that in 100 years when your successors look back at the class of 1998, they will say that, given the opportunity, you went far beyond the instructions to do no harm at the patients' bedside. Instead, you worked in the service of your patients and humanity. And you worked to improve the system in which you care for your patients.” [Remarks at Harvard Medical School, 6/4/98] *Clinton: “The United States Would Be Better Off If It Provided Universal Health Care Coverage For All Of Its Citizens.” *“SCHWAB: In this context, you have hear in front of you many of the CEOs of leading American companies, and you have been a proponent of moving toward the program of universal health coverage. The program to date has met mixed success, and generally little enthusiasm from the business community. So my question would be, why should the business community have this program as a priority? What would you tell the business leaders here in this respect? CLINTON: Well I think your characterization of it meeting with mixed success was too kind. I still believe that economically, politically, socially, and morally, the United States would be better off if it provided universal health care coverage for all of its citizens. […] So there are a number of problems in my view, and I think that there is an ideological opposition among many in the American business community to the American government being any part of providing universal care. But of course we provide universal care to our citizens over the age of 65 through Medicare. And we provide it at the cheapest overhead and administrative cost of any insurance program in the United States. I daresay if you went back and you talked to your benefits people or your CFOs, and you asked them what percentage of the health care dollar you were spending on your employees, that went to administration and overhead and profit, compared with the two cents out of the dollar that goes to Medicare, you would have to ask yourself, is this an ideological opposition that no longer makes economic sense, or shall I hang on to it while I find my capacity to provide health insurance for my employees further diminished, thereby creating more instability in the system. So I hope that we will continue to address these issues in the future.” [Remarks at Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum, 2/2/98] *Hillary Touted Australia As A “Pioneer” In Women’s Suffrage, Social safety Net, And Universal Health Care.* “In some ways, Australia has been a pioneer. In 1902, almost two decades before women's suffrage was enacted in the United States, Australian women won the right to vote. Barriers still exist in many professions and in the workplace, but Australia has recognized the necessity of a social safety net for women, children and families. Not only does Australia have universal health care, it has a wide network of government-supported child care centers. Maternity benefits and parental leave are generous. And child support enforcement is taken seriously.” [Hillary Clinton, Talking It Over, 11/19/96 <http://www.creators.com/opinion/hillary-clinton/talking-it-over-1996-11-19.html> ] 1993 Health Care Reform Effort Acknowledged Benefits Of Single-Payer Hillary said Single-Payer would Achieve Universal Coverage *Hillary Said Single Payer Was One Of The Few Ways To Finance A Universal System. *“And that is the sixth principle: responsibility. We want everybody to take responsibility for their own health. That means we want everybody in the system contributing to it. We have looked at a number of ways of financing this system. There aren’t any real secrets, there are only a couple of different ways of going about doing it. We could move toward a single payer system where the government would raise taxes to replace the private sector investments and take over the financing of health care. There are a lot of qualities about single payer systems that are important: universal coverage, administrative simplification. plan, as well.” [Hillary Clinton, Speech To State Legislative Conference, 9/10/93 <http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/44030>] *Hillary Said That “One Of The Great Advantages” Of Single-Payer System Is Universal Coverage, But Noted That Administration’s Plan Differed. *“If we believe in universal coverage, there are only three ways to get there: you can raise a1big tax, substitute it for all of the private sector investment, and move toward a single payer system. One of the great advantages of the single payer: system is it gets to universal coverage that is absolutely the way that it works because we have a tax dedicated to pay for universal coverage. For a lot of reasons, that is not an option that the president chose, although the primary goal of universal coverage is absolutely his bottom line.” [Remarks by First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton to the American Academy of Pediatrics, D.C. Convention Center, 11/1/93, via Domestic Policy Council, Carol Rasco, and Miscellaneous Series, “Speeches [1],” Clinton Digital Library, accessed November 18, 2015, http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/21278] *1994: Hillary Clinton Said That “The Single Payer Approach Guarantees That Every American Would Have Health Care Coverage.”* “If you believe, as the President does and as I do, that we need to guarantee health care coverage to ever/ American, then there are only three ways to pay for that. You can either have what is called a single payer system, which means you eliminate private insurance and you raise the tax to substitute for premiums, and you fund the health insurance system that way. And there are many people who support that approach. The single payer approach guarantees that every American would have health care coverage. The President rejected that approach in its means, although he agrees with the goal, because he believed we should keep the public/private mixture that has served our country well. We should build on what works and fix what is broken, so we should not eliminate private insurance, we should extend it to everyone.” [White House Health Care Task Force, Health Care Task Force, and Kelcey Kintner, “[Delivering the Message: Health Care],” Clinton Digital Library, accessed November 17, 2015, http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/40179] Hillary said Single-Payer had a “Strong Argument” *Hillary Clinton: “There Is A Strong Argument That Can Be Made” In Favor Of A “Single Payer System.” *“Let me start with the first and most important principle. That is that every American should be guaranteed private insurance. This is an important distinction that some have lost in the debate because what the President has talked about is private insurance. There is a strong argument that can be made, and some of the papers you represent because I follow this editorially, have come out in favor -- not many, but some -- of a single payer system that would substitute for the private insurance market and the private investment in that private insurance a government paid, health care system.” [First Lady’s Office and Speechwriting, “HRC [Hillary Rodham Clinton]/New York---Magazines 7/19/94 [2],” Clinton Digital Library, accessed 11/17/15 <http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/33085>] *Hillary Clinton: “Medicare Is A Single Payer, Government-Financed Health Care System.” *“We have one of those already which people often overlook. That is what Medicare is. Medicare is a single payer, government-financed health care system. When people at meetings often stand up and say, why is the President supporting a government-health care system, explain the President is for private insurance for every American and then I often ask, but do you know about Medicare. The person always says yes, and I say, well, do you know how Medicare is paid for. In most instances, even in audiences that are predominantly made up of medical professionals, people do not know how we pay for Medicare. It is paid for, as I'm sure you do know, from a payroll contribution by both employers and employees. So it is government-financed but it is not government-run. No one tells a Medicare recipient what doctor to go to. Medicare pays the bill up to the point that Medicare coverage extends, but it is not a government-run health care system in the way people often think of such a beast. So I want to make that distinction at the very beginning.” [First Lady’s Office and Speechwriting, “HRC [Hillary Rodham Clinton]/New York---Magazines 7/19/94 [2],” Clinton Digital Library, accessed 11/17/15 <http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/33085>] *Hillary Clinton: Medicare Is “If You Want To Think About It, A Canadian Single-Payer System For People Over 65.” *“MRS. CLINTON: That's -- I think that the Members of Congress will find that very interesting, because Medicare is a single-payer, government-financed, tax-paid health care system. It is, if you want to think about it, a Canadian single-payer system for people over 65.” [First Lady’s Office and Speechwriting, “HRC [Hillary Rodham Clinton]/Economic Club Of Washinton 6/28/94,” Clinton Digital Library, accessed 11/17/15 <http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/33078>] Lower Co-Pays and Deductibles *2/23/94: Ira Magaziner Wrote To The Clintons That The Single-Payer Proposal Has “Comprehensive Benefits With Lower Co-Payments And Deductibles” Than The Task Force Plan.* “They provide long-term care and prescription drug benefits, as we do. They also have comprehensive benefits with lower co-payments and deductibles.” [White House Health Care Task Force, Task Force on National Health Care, and Ira Magaziner, “Chron File (ICM) Jan – June [3],”*Clinton Digital Library*, accessed November 17, 2015, http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/39026.] More Efficient, Simpler *A Draft HHS Fact Sheet About Rural Impact Of The Clinton Plan Said Single Payer “Would Be Simplest” But “The American People” Want “Flexibility…”* “Q. Isn’t it going to be complicated and expensive to administer health coverage through all these alliances? A. No more complicated than what your average corporate personnel office accomplishes for its employees when it evaluates and contracts with health care plans. There will be a savings of $35-40 billion, alone, by consolidating the small insurance market. For economies of scale, it’s hard to improve on Medicare, a program with an administrative overhead of only one percent. Of course, a single-payer system, in which the federal government was the insurer, would be simplest. But the American people want the kind of flexibility and choice that’s available through a de-centralized, private-sector health care system.” [White House Health Care Task Force, Health Care Task Force, and Jack Lew, “Rural Health,” Clinton Digital Library, accessed November 17, 2015, http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/41840.] *Single-Payer System “Would Reduce Paperwork And Administrative Hassles.”* “A single-payer system would reduce paperwork and administrative hassles. Rural single-payer systems may find it easier to recruit and retain practitioners, because they offer an alternative to working in managed care practices. Alternatively, a dual system could contain disincentives to equitable distribution health care personnel within the state.” [Health Care Task Force and General Files, “Health Care Task Force Summary Briefing Book No. 2 [7],” *Clinton Digital Library*, accessed November 17, 2015, http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/43070.] Yield More Health Care Savings *Prepared Testimony Of Bruce C. Vladeck, Health Care Financing Administration: The Clinton Plan Would Save “Less Than The Savings Called For By Some Single-Payer Proposals.”* “Our plan - and virtually every Democratic and Republican plan that has been proposed - recognizes that with national health care reform, we can save money by lowering the rate of growth in Medicare and Medicaid. Our bill will identify specific, scorable, line-by-line savings in the Medicare program - an amount comparable to the savings proposed by the Senate Republican plan, and less than the savings called for by some single-payer proposals. And while the amount of our seven-year savings may seem high today, we must keep in mind they will be taken from a future base of $1.4 trillion in projected Medicare spending over the years 1996 to 2000.” [White House Health Care Task Force, Health Care Task Force, and Jack Lew, “Health Security Act - Testimony (Finals) - HHS [Health and Human Services] (Book I) [2],” Clinton Digital Library, accessed November 17, 2015, http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/41771.] Pay-for Under Single-Payer Is More Progressive and Easier to Administer *2/23/94: Ira Magaziner Wrote To The Clintons That The Single-Payer Payfor Of A Payroll Tax Increase “Is Easier To Administer And More Progressive” But “Has The Political Downside Of Being A Tax.” *“Major Features of the McDermott/Wellstone Bill… 1. Universal coverage financed by a payroll tax of 7.9 percent on larger businesses and a sliding scale down to 3.9 percent for small businesses. This almost mirrors our premium structure, yet they will argue correctly that the payroll approach is easier to administer and more progressive than our financing. On the other hand, a payroll tax redistributes income dramatically, takes consumer cost consciousness out of the buying process and has the political downside of being a tax.” [White House Health Care Task Force, Task Force on National Health Care, and Ira Magaziner, “Chron File (ICM) Jan – June [3],”*Clinton Digital Library*, accessed November 17, 2015, http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/39026.] *May 1993: A Memo To Ira Magaziner Said The “Ideal Design” For A Health Care System “Should Incorporate ‘Single Payer’ Funding…”* “DATE: May 17, 1993 TO: The Honorable Ira C. Magaziner Senior Policy Advisor To The President For Policy Development FROM: Ileana C. Herrell, Ph.D. Associate Administrator for Minority Health Health Resources And Services Administration US Public Health Service SUBJCT: Audit Report: Administrative Simplification and Quality Assurance Review Group Summary statement: The ideal design of a national health care system should incorporate ‘single payer’ funding, and an administrative/recordkeeping system which is largely electronic. An electronic-based system would allow not only for more efficient provision of health care, but would provide considerable public health data as well.” [White House Health Care Task Force, Health Care Task Force, and Lynn Margherio, “HRSA [Health Resources and Services Administration] - Administrative/Quality Review,” Clinton Digital Library, accessed November 17, 2015, http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/42076.] Simpler Community Rating Process *2/23/94: Ira Magaziner Wrote To The Clintons That “There Is No Question” That The Single-Payer “Approach Provides A Simpler Way To Achieve Community Rating Than Ours.” *“Community rating is achieved by combining everyone, including Medicare and Medicaid recipients into one pool nationally and eliminating the insurance industry. There is no question that their approach provides a simpler way to achieve community rating than ours.” [White House Health Care Task Force, Task Force on National Health Care, and Ira Magaziner, “Chron File (ICM) Jan – June [3],”*Clinton Digital Library*, accessed November 17, 2015, http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/39026.]