Google's John Mueller said it is normal for a site to rank well for a short period of time for a specific query. He said on Twitter "It can happen that a site ranks or a short period of time for a query." It can happen a lot.

Here is the tweet:

It can happen that a site ranks or a short period of time for a query. — 🍌 John 🍌 (@JohnMu) August 19, 2019

Yes, Google can rank a new or old page well for a specific period of time and that can change and not rank well shortly after. This happens all the time and is not uncommon.

Forum discussion at Twitter.