Peter J. Phipps, U.S. District Court judge. Born in 1973 on Dyess Air Force Base in Abilene, Tex. Graduated from Stanford Law and spent 15 years working in the Justice Department’s civil division. Appointed to the U.S. District Court by President Trump in 2018 and elevated to the appeals court the next year.

David J. Porter, private-practice lawyer. Born in 1966 in Kittanning, Pa. Graduated from George Mason Law. Longtime president of the Federalist Society’s Pittsburgh chapter. Served as counsel to the Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania and to the Bush campaign in 2004.

4th Circuit (Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia and federal administrative agencies)

A. Marvin Quattlebaum Jr., U.S. District Court judge. Born in 1964 in Durham, N.C. Graduated from University of South Carolina Law. Spent decades in private practice. Appointed by Mr. Trump to the U.S. District Court in 2018 and elevated to the appeals court the same year.

Julius N. Richardson, federal prosecutor. Born in 1976 in Columbia, S.C. Graduated from University of Chicago Law. Clerked for former Supreme Court Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist and worked as a federal prosecutor in South Carolina, serving as deputy criminal chief.

Allison J. Rushing, private-practice lawyer. Born in 1982 in Hendersonville, N.C. Graduated from Duke Law. Interned for the organization now known as Alliance Defending Freedom, a legal force of the religious right, and clerked for Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas.

5th Circuit (Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas)

Kyle Duncan, private-practice lawyer. Born in 1972 in Baton Rouge, La. Graduated from Louisiana State University Law and Columbia Law. Worked for the Office of the Attorney General in Louisiana and belonged to the religious liberty advisory board of Senator Marco Rubio’s presidential campaign in 2016.

Kurt D. Engelhardt, U.S. District Court judge. Born in 1960 in New Orleans. Graduated from Louisiana State University Law. Appointed to the U.S. District Court in 2001 by Mr. Bush and served on the advisory board of the Federalist Society’s New Orleans chapter.