The universe is change ; our life is what our thoughts make it.

Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (26 April 121 – 17 March 180) was a Stoic philosopher, and Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180; born Marcus Annius Catilius Severus, at marriage he took the name Marcus Annius Verus. When named Emperor, he was given the name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and afterwards became known as the last of the "Five Good Emperors".

Be not as one that hath ten thousand years to live; death is nigh at hand: while thou livest, while thou hast time, be good.

I shall meet today inquisitive, ungrateful, violent, treacherous, envious, uncharitable men. All these things have come upon them through ignorance of real good and ill.

An angry countenance is much against nature...But were it so, that all anger and passion were so thoroughly quenched in thee, that it were altogether impossible to kindle it any more, yet herein must not thou rest satisfied, but further endeavour by good consequence of true ratiocination, perfectly to conceive and understand, that all anger and passion is against reason.

You will find rest from vain fancies if you perform every act in life as though it were your last.

Quotes [ edit ]

Meditations (c. 121–180 AD) [ edit ]

(full text)

There are many different translations of these, often with different nuances of interpretation and sometimes different arrangements.

Book I [ edit ]

Of my grandfather Verus I have learned to be gentle and meek, and to refrain from all anger and passion... I have learned both shamefastness and manlike behaviour. Of my mother I have learned to be religious, and bountiful; and to forbear, not only to do, but to intend any evil; to content myself with a spare diet, and to fly all such excess as is incidental to great wealth. I, 1



Her reverence for the divine, her generosity, her inability not only to do wrong but even to conceive of doing it. And the simple way she lived—not in the least like the rich. (Hays translation) I, 3



From Apollonius, true liberty, and unvariable steadfastness, and not to regard anything at all, though never so little, but right and reason: and always..that it was possible for the same man to be both vehement and remiss: a man not subject to be vexed, and offended with the incapacity of his scholars and auditors in his lectures and expositions. I, 5



Of Fronto, to how much envy and fraud and hypocrisy the state of a tyrannous king is subject unto, and how they who are commonly called [Eupatridas Gk.], i.e. nobly born, are in some sort incapable, or void of natural affection. I, 8



Not to display anger or other emotions. To be free of passion and yet full of love. (Hays translation) I, 9



Self-control and resistance to distractions. Optimism in adversity—especially illness. (Hays translation) I, 15



He was a man who looked at what ought to be done, not to the reputation which is got by a man's acts. I, 16



Book II [ edit ]

Ἕωθεν προλέγειν ἑαυτῷ: συντεύξομαι περιέργῳ, ἀχαρίστῳ, ὑβριστῇ, δολερῷ, βασκάνῳ, ἀκοινωνήτῳ: πάντα ταῦτα συμβέβηκεν ἐκείνοις παρὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τῶν ἀγαθῶν καὶ κακῶν. When you wake up in the morning, tell yourself: The people I deal with today will be meddling, ungrateful, arrogant, dishonest, jealous, and surly. They are like this because they can't tell good from evil. (Hays translation) Say to yourself in the early morning: I shall meet today inquisitive, ungrateful, violent, treacherous, envious, uncharitable men. All these things have come upon them through ignorance of real good and ill. II, 1



γεγόναμεν γὰρ πρὸς συνεργίαν ὡς πόδες, ὡς χεῖρες, ὡς βλέφαρα, ὡς οἱ στοῖχοι τῶν ἄνω καὶ κάτω ὀδόντων. τὸ οὖν ἀντιπράσσειν ἀλλήλοις παρὰ φύσιν. We are all made for mutual assistance, as the feet, the hands, and the eyelids, as the rows of the upper and under teeth, from whence it follows that clashing and opposition is perfectly unnatural. II, 1



Whatever this is that I am, it is flesh and a little spirit and an intelligence. (Hays translation) This that I am, whatever it be, is mere flesh and a little breathe and the ruling Reason (Haines translation) This Being of mine, whatever it really is, consists of a little flesh, a little breath, and the part which governs. A little flesh, a little breath, and a Reason to rule all – that is myself. II, 2



What is divine is full of Providence. Even chance is not divorced from nature, from the inweaving and enfolding of things governed by Providence. Everything proceeds from it. (Hays translation) All that is from the gods is full of Providence. II, 3



There is a limit to the time assigned you, and if you don't use it to free yourself it will be gone and never return. (Hays translation) II, 4



Concentrate every minute like a Roman—like a man—on doing what’s in front of you with precise and genuine seriousness, tenderly, willingly, with justice. And on freeing yourself from all other distractions. (Hays translation) II, 5



Yes, you can--if you do everything as if it were the last thing you were doing in your life, and stop being aimless, stop letting your emotions override what your mind tells you, stop being hypocritical, self-centered, irritable. (Hays translation) You will find rest from vain fancies if you perform every act in life as though it were your last. II, 5



You see how few things you have to do to live a satisfying and reverent life? If you can manage this, that's all even the gods can ask of you. (Hays translation) Thou seest how few be the things, the which if a man has at his command his life flows gently on and is divine. II, 5



Give thyself time to learn something new and good, and cease to be whirled around. II, 7



This thou must always bear in mind, what is the nature of the whole... Τούτων ἀεὶ μεμνῆσθαι, τίς ἡ τῶν ὅλων φύσις II, 9



You could leave life right now. Let that determine what you do and say and think. (Hays translation) II, 11



Yet living and dying, honour and dishonour, pain and pleasure, riches and poverty, and so forth are equally the lot of good men and bad. Things like these neither elevate nor degrade; and therefore they are no more good than they are evil. II, 11



The longest-lived and the shortest-lived man, when they come to die, lose one and the same thing. II, 14



Remember that all is opinion. Ὅτι πᾶν ὑπόληψις. II, 15



No state sorrier than that of the man who keeps up a continual round, and pries into "the secrets of the nether world," as saith the poet, and is curious in conjecture of what is in his neighbour's heart. II, 13



Though thou be destined to live three thousand years and as many myriads besides, yet remember that no man loseth other life than that which he liveth, nor liveth other than that which he loseth. II, 14



For a man can lose neither the past nor the future; for how can one take from him that which is not his? So remember these two points: first, that each thing is of like form from everlasting and comes round again in its cycle, and that it signifies not whether a man shall look upon the same things for a hundred years or two hundred, or for an infinity of time; second, that the longest lived and the shortest lived man, when they come to die, lose one and the same thing. II, 14



Human life. Duration: momentary. Nature: changeable. Perception: dim. Condition of Body: decaying. Soul: spinning around. Fortune: unpredictable. Lasting Fame: uncertain. Sum Up: The body and its parts are a river, the soul a dream and mist, life is warfare and a journey far from home, lasting reputation is oblivion. (Hays translation) II, 17



As for life, it is a battle and a sojourning in a strange land; but the fame that comes after is oblivion. II, 17



Book III [ edit ]

What means all this? III, 3



Waste not the remnant of thy life in those imaginations touching other folk, whereby thou contributest not to the common weal. III, 4



...undefiled by pleasures, invulnerable to any pain, untouched by arrogance, unaffected by meanness, an athlete in the greatest of all contests—the struggle not to be overwhelmed by anything that happens. (Hays translation) III, 4



The lot assigned to every man is suited to him, and suits him to itself. III, 4



For we carry our fate with us — and it carries us. (Hays translation) III, 4

(Hays translation)

Be not unwilling in what thou doest, neither selfish nor unadvised nor obstinate; let not over-refinement deck out thy thought; be not wordy nor a busybody. III, 5



A man should be upright, not kept upright. III, 5



But that which is useful is the better. III, 6



Choose what’s best.—Best is what benefits me. (Hays translation) III, 6



Never esteem anything as of advantage to you that will make you break your word or lose your self-respect. III, 7



Respect the faculty that forms thy judgments. III, 9



Remember that man lives only in the present, in this fleeting instant; all the rest of his life is either past and gone, or not yet revealed. Short, therefore, is man's life, and narrow is the corner of the earth wherein he dwells. III, 10

Short, therefore, is man's life, and narrow is the corner of the earth wherein he dwells.

Each of us lives only now, this brief instant. (Hays translation) III, 10



The span we live is small—small as the corner of the earth in which we live it. Small as even the greatest renown, passed from mouth to mouth by short-lived stick figures, ignorant alike of themselves and those long dead. (Hays translation) III



Nothing has such power to broaden the mind as the ability to investigate systematically and truly all that comes under thy observation in life. III, 11



If you do the job in a principled way, with diligence, energy and patience, if you keep yourself free of distractions, and keep the spirit inside you undamaged, as if you might have to give it back at any moment— If you can embrace this without fear or expectation—can find fulfillment in what you’re doing now, as Nature intended, and in superhuman truthfulness (every word, every utterance)—then your life will be happy. (Hays translation)— III, 12



As surgeons keep their instruments and knives always at hand for cases requiring immediate treatment, so shouldst thou have thy thoughts ready to understand things divine and human, remembering in thy every act, even the smallest, how close is the bond that unites the two. III, 13



Nothing earthly succeeds by ignoring heaven, nothing heavenly by ignoring the earth. (Hays translation) III, 14



Book IV [ edit ]

Constantly regard the universe as one living being, having one substance and one soul ; and observe how all things have reference to one perception , the perception of this one living being.

The ruling power within, when it is in its natural state, is so related to outer circumstances that it easily changes to accord with what can be done and what is given it to do. IV, 1



Let no act be done at haphazard, nor otherwise than according to the finished rules that govern its kind. IV, 2



By a tranquil mind I mean nothing else than a mind well ordered. IV, 3



Men seek retreats for themselves, houses in the country, sea-shores, and mountains; and thou too art wont to desire such things very much. But this is altogether a mark of the most common sort of men, for it is in thy power whenever thou shalt choose to retire into thyself. For nowhere either with more quiet or more freedom from trouble does a man retire than into his own soul. Variant translation: Nowhere can man find a quieter or more untroubled retreat than in his own soul. IV, 3.



The universe is change; our life is what our thoughts make it. The universe is flux, life is opinion. The universe is transformation: life is opinion. (Long translation) ὁ κόσμος ἀλλοίωσις, ὁ βίος ὑπόληψις. IV, 3



Think on this doctrine,—that reasoning beings were created for one another's sake; that to be patient is a branch of justice, and that men sin without intending it. IV, 3



People try to get away from it all—to the country, to the beach, to the mountains. You always wish that you could too. Which is idiotic: you can get away from it anytime you like. By going within.

Nowhere you can go is more peaceful—more free of interruptions—than your own soul. (Hays translation)

IV, 4



The abyss of endless time that swallows it all. The emptiness of all those applauding hands. The people who praise us—how capricious they are, how arbitrary. And the tiny region in which it all takes place. (Hays translation) IV, 4



Be straightforward. Look at things like a man, like a human being, like a citizen, like a mortal. (Hays translation) IV, 4



Disturbance comes only from within—from our own perceptions. (Hays translation) IV, 4



“The world is nothing but change. Our life is only perception.” (Hays translation) IV, 4



Nothing can come out of nothing, any more than a thing can go back to nothing. IV, 4



If mind is common to us, then also the reason, whereby we are reasoning beings, is common. If this be so, then also the reason which enjoins what is to be done or left undone is common. If this be so, law also is common; if this be so, we are citizens; if this be so, we are partakers in one constitution; if this be so, the Universe is a kind of Commonwealth. IV, 4 (as translated by ASL Farquharson)

If this be so, then also the reason which enjoins what is to be done or left undone is common. If this be so, law also is common; if this be so, we are citizens; if this be so, we are partakers in one constitution; if this be so,

Death, like generation, is a secret of Nature. IV, 5



Choose not to be harmed—and you won’t feel harmed. Don’t feel harmed—and you haven’t been. (Hays translation) IV, 7



That which makes the man no worse than he was makes his life no worse: it has no power to harm, without or within. IV, 8



Whatever happens at all happens as it should ; you will find this true, if you watch narrowly. IV, 10

; you will find this true, if you watch narrowly.

You have a mind? —Yes. Well, why not use it? (Hays translation)

IV, 13

Death hangs over thee: whilst yet thou livest, whilst thou mayest, be good. IV, 14 (trans. Meric Casaubon) Variant: Death hangs over thee. While thou livest, while it is in thy power, be good. τὸ χρεὼν ἐπήρτηται· ἕως ζῇς, ἕως ἔξεστιν, ἀγαθὸς γενοῦ. IV, 17 (trans. George Long)



Many the lumps of frankincense on the same altar; one falls there early and another late, but it makes no difference. IV, 15



Not to live as if you had endless years ahead of you. Death overshadows you. While you’re alive and able—be good. (Hays translation) IV, 17



How much time he gains who does not look to see what his neighbor says or does or thinks, but only at what he does himself, to make it just and holy. IV, 18



Doth perfect beauty stand in need of praise at all? Nay; no more than law, no more than truth, no more than loving kindness, nor than modesty. IV, 20



Whatever is in any way beautiful hath its source of beauty in itself, and is complete in itself; praise forms no part of it. So it is none the worse nor the better for being praised. Variant: That which is really beautiful has no need of anything. (trans. George Long) IV, 20



Does anything genuinely beautiful need supplementing? No more than justice does—or truth, or kindness, or humility. Are any of those improved by being praised? Or damaged by contempt? Is an emerald suddenly flawed if no one admires it? Or gold, or ivory, or purple? Lyres? Knives? Flowers? Bushes? (Hays translation) IV, 20



All that is harmony for you, my Universe, is in harmony with me as well. Nothing that comes at the right time for you is too early or too late for me. Everything is fruit to me that your seasons bring, Nature. All things come of you, have their being in you, and return to you. Πᾶν μοι συναρμόζει ὃ σοὶ εὐάρμοστόν ἐστιν, ὦ κόσμε· οὐδέν μοι πρόωρον οὐδὲ ὄψιμον ὃ σοὶ εὔκαιρον. πᾶν μοι καρπὸς ὃ φέρουσιν αἱ σαὶ ὧραι, ὦ φύσις· ἐκ σοῦ πάντα, ἐν σοὶ πάντα, εἰς σὲ πάντα. ἐκεῖνος μέν φησιν· IV, 23



"Let your occupations be few," says the sage, "if you would lead a tranquil life." Ὀλίγα πρῆσσε, φησίν, εἰ μέλλεις εὐθυμήσειν IV, 24



Because most of what we say and do is not essential. If you can eliminate it, you’ll have more time, and more tranquillity. Ask yourself at every moment, “Is this necessary?” But we need to eliminate unnecessary assumptions as well. To eliminate the unnecessary actions that follow. (Hays translation) IV, 24

But we need to eliminate unnecessary assumptions as well. To eliminate the unnecessary actions that follow. (Hays translation)

Love the little trade which thou hast learned, and be content therewith. IV, 31



Remember this— that there is a proper dignity and proportion to be observed in the performance of every act of life. IV, 32



You’re better off not giving the small things more time than they deserve. (Hays translation) IV, 32



Then what should we work for?Only this: proper understanding; unselfish action; truthful speech. A resolve to accept whatever happens as necessary and familiar, flowing like water from that same source and spring. (Hays translation) IV, 33



All is ephemeral — fame and the famous as well. Πᾶν ἐφήμερον, καὶ τὸ μνημονεῦον καὶ τὸ μνημονευόμενον. IV, 35



Observe always that everything is the result of a change, and get used to thinking that there is nothing Nature loves so well as to change existing forms and to make new ones like them. IV, 36



Search men's governing principles, and consider the wise, what they shun and what they cleave to.

Search men's governing principles, and consider the wise, what they shun and what they cleave to. IV, 38



It needs to realize that what happens to everyone—bad and good alike—is neither good nor bad. (Hays translation) IV, 39



Constantly regard the universe as one living being, having one substance and one soul; and observe how all things have reference to one perception, the perception of this one living being; and how all things act with one movement; and how all things are the cooperating causes of all things which exist; observe too the continuous spinning of the thread and the contexture of the web. IV, 40



Thou art a little soul bearing about a corpse, as Epictetus used to say. IV, 41



Time is a sort of river of passing events, and strong is its current; no sooner is a thing brought to sight than it is swept by and another takes its place, and this too will be swept away. IV, 43



All that happens is as usual and familiar as the rose in spring and the crop in summer. IV, 44



That which comes after ever conforms to that which has gone before. IV, 45



“Those who have forgotten where the road leads.” “They are at odds with what is all around them”—the all-directing logos. And “they find alien what they meet with every day.” (Hays translation) IV, 46



Mark how fleeting and paltry is the estate of man - yesterday in embryo, tomorrow a mummy or ashes. So for the hairsbreadth of time assigned to thee, live rationally, and part with life cheerfully, as drops the ripe olive, extolling the season that bore it and the tree that matured it. IV, 48



Don’t let yourself forget how many doctors have died, after furrowing their brows over how many deathbeds. How many astrologers, after pompous forecasts about others’ ends. How many philosophers, after endless disquisitions on death and immortality. How many warriors, after inflicting thousands of casualties themselves. How many tyrants, after abusing the power of life and death atrociously, as if they were themselves immortal. (Hays translation) IV, 48



To be like the rock that the waves keep crashing over. It stands unmoved and the raging of the sea falls still around it. IV, 49



It’s unfortunate that this has happened. No. It’s fortunate that this has happened and I’ve remained unharmed by it—not shattered by the present or frightened of the future. It could have happened to anyone. But not everyone could have remained unharmed by it. IV, 49a



So remember this principle when something threatens to cause you pain: the thing itself was no misfortune at all; to endure it and prevail is great good fortune. IV, 49a



Deem not life a thing of consequence. For look at the yawning void of the future, and at that other limitless space, the past. IV, 50



Always take the short cut; and that is the rational one. Therefore say and do everything according to soundest reason. IV, 51



Book V [ edit ]

At dawn, when you have trouble getting out of bed, tell yourself: ‘I have to go to work – as a human being. What do I have to complain of, if I’m going to do what I was born for – the things I was brought into the world to do? Or is this what I was created for? To huddle under the blankets and stay warm?’ (Hays translation) At dawn of day, when you dislike being called, have this thought ready: "I am called to man's labour; why then do I make a difficulty if I am going out to do what I was born to do and what I was brought into the world for?(Farquharson translation) Ὄρθρου, ὅταν δυσόκνως ἐξεγείρῃ, πρόχειρον ἔστω ὅτι ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπου ἔργον ἐγείρομαι· ἔτι οὖν δυσκολαίνω, εἰ πορεύομαι ἐπὶ τὸ ποιεῖν ὧν ἕνεκεν γέγονα καὶ ὧν χάριν προῆγμαι εἰς τὸν κόσμον; ἢ ἐπὶ τοῦτο κατεσκεύασμαι, ἵνα κατακείμενος ἐν στρωματίοις ἐμαυτὸν θάλπω; V, 1



You don't love yourself enough. Or you'd love your nature too, and what it demands of you. People who love what they do wear themselves down doing it, they even forget to wash or eat. Do you have less respect for your own nature than the engraver does for engraving, the dancer for the dance, the miser for money or the social climber for status? When they're really possessed by what they do, they'd rather stop eating and sleeping than give up practicing their arts. Is helping others less valuable to you? Not worth your effort? (Hays translation) V, 1



How easy it is to repel and to wipe away every impression which is troublesome or unsuitable, and immediately to be in all tranquility. To shrug it all off and wipe it clean--every annoyance and distraction--and reach utter stillness. Child's play. (Hays translation) V, 2



Some people, when they do someone a favor, are always looking for a chance to call it in. And some aren't, but they're still aware of it--still regard it as a debt. But others don't even do that. They're like a vine that produces grapes without looking for anything in return. (Hays translation) A man makes no noise over a good deed, but passes on to another as a vine to bear grapes again in season. V, 6



A horse at the end of the race...A dog when the hunt is over...A bee with its honey stored...And a human being after helping others. They don't make a fuss about it. They just go on to something else, as the vine looks forward to bearing fruit again in season. We should be like that. Acting almost unconsciously. (Hays translation) V, 6



The other reason is that what happens to the individual is a cause of well-being in what directs the world--of its well-being, its fulfillment, or its very existence, even. Because the whole is damaged if you cut away anything--anything at all--from its continuity and its coherence. Not only its parts, but its purposes. And that's what you're doing when you complain: hacking and destroying. (Hays translation) V, 7



Not to feel exasperated, or defeated, or despondent because your days aren't packed with wise and moral actions. But to get back up when you fail, to celebrate behaving like a human--however imperfectly--and fully embrace the pursuit that you've embarked on. (Hays translation) Flinch not, neither give up nor despair, if the achieving of every act in accordance with right principle is not always continuous with thee. V, 9



The things you think about determine the quality of your mind. Your soul takes on the color of your thoughts. (Hays translation) The soul becomes dyed with the colour of its thoughts. V, 16



It is crazy to want what is impossible. And impossible for the wicked not to do so. (Hays translation) To seek what is impossible is madness: and it is impossible that the bad should not do something of this kind. Τὸ τὰ ἀδύνατα διώκειν μανικόν· ἀδύνατον δὲ τὸ τοὺς φαύλους μὴ τοιαῦτά τινα ποιεῖν. V, 17



Nothing happens to anyone that he can't endure. (Hays translation) Nothing happens to anybody which he is not fitted by nature to bear. Οὐδὲν οὐδενὶ συμβαίνει ὃ οὐχὶ ἐκεῖνο πέφυκε φέρειν. V, 18



Things have no hold on the soul. They have no access to it, cannot move or direct it. It is moved and directed by itself alone. It takes the things before it and interprets them as it sees fit. (Hays translation) V, 19



In a sense, people are our proper occupation. Our job is to do them good and put up with them. But when they obstruct our proper tasks, they become irrelevant to us--like sun, wind, and animals. Our actions may be impeded by them, but there can be no impeding our intentions or our dispositions. Because we can accommodate and adapt. The mind adapts and converts to its own purposes the obstacle to our acting. The impediment to action advances action. What stands in the way becomes the way. (Hays translation) V.20



Prize that which is best in the universe; and this is that which useth everything and ordereth everything. V, 21



The mind is the ruler of the soul. It should remain unstirred by agitations of the flesh--gentle and violent ones alike. Not mingling with them, but fencing itself off and keeping those feelings in their place. When they make their way into our thoughts, through the sympathetic link between mind and body, don't try to resist the sensation. The sensation is natural. But don't let the mind start in with judgments, calling it 'good' or 'bad.' (Hays translation) V, 26



Live with the gods. V, 27



Art thou angry with him whose arm-pits stink? art thou angry with him whose mouth smells foul? What good will this anger do thee? V, 28



The intelligence of the universe is social. V, 30



Consider all that you’ve gone through, all that you’ve survived. And that the story of your life is done, your assignment complete. How many good things have you seen? How much pain and pleasure have you resisted? How many honors have you declined? How many unkind people have you been kind to? (Hays translation) V, 31



...be tolerant with others and strict with yourself. Remember, nothing belongs to you but your flesh and blood—and nothing else is under your control. (Hays translation) V, 33



But true good fortune is what you make for yourself. Good fortune: good character, good intentions, and good actions. (Hays translation) V, 37



Book VI [ edit ]

Just that you do the right thing. The rest doesn’t matter. Cold or warm. Tired or well-rested. Despised or honored. Dying . . . or busy with other assignments. (Hays translation) VI, 2

Cold or warm. Tired or well-rested. Despised or honored. Dying . . . or busy with other assignments. (Hays translation)

Ἔσω βλέπε· μηδενὸς πράγματος μήτε ἡ ἰδία ποιότης μήτε ἡ ἀξία παρατρεχέτω σε. Look beneath the surface; let not the several quality of a thing nor its worth escape thee. VI, 3



The controlling Intelligence understands its own nature, and what it does, and whereon it works. VI, 5



The best revenge is not to be like your enemy. VI, 6



Whensoever by some present hard occurrences thou art constrained to be in some sort troubled and vexed, return unto thyself as soon as may be, and be not out of tune longer than thou must needs. For so shalt thou be the better able to keep thy part another time, and to maintain the harmony, if thou dost use thyself to this continually; once out, presently to have recourse unto it, and to begin again. VI, 9



Μή, εἴ τι αὐτῷ σοὶ δυσκαταπόνητον, τοῦτο ἀνθρώπῳ ἀδύνατον ὑπολαμβάνειν, ἀλλ εἴ τι ἀνθρώπῳ δυνατὸν καὶ οἰκεῖον, τοῦτο καὶ σεαυτῷ ἐφικτὸν νομίζειν. Do not think that what is hard for you to master is humanly impossible; but if a thing is humanly possible, consider it to be within your reach. VI, 19



If any man can convince me and bring home to me that I do not think or act aright, gladly will I change; for I search after truth, by which man never yet was harmed. But he is harmed who abideth on still in his deception and ignorance. Variant translation: If someone is able to show me that what I think or do is not right, I will happily change, for I seek the truth, by which no one ever was truly harmed. Harmed is the person who continues in his self-deception and ignorance. VI, 21



I do what is mine to do; the rest doesn’t disturb me. (Hays translation)

VI, 22



Death,—a stopping of impressions through the senses, and of the pulling of the cords of motion, and of the ways of thought, and of service to the flesh. VI, 28



Stir up thy mind, and recall thy wits again from thy natural dreams, and visions, and when thou art perfectly awoken, and canst perceive that they were but dreams that troubled thee, as one newly awakened out of another kind of sleep look upon these worldly things with the same mind as thou didst upon those, that thou sawest in thy sleep. VI, 29



Ὅρα μὴ ἀποκαισαρωθῇς, μὴ βαφῇς· γίνεται γάρ. τήρησον οὖν σεαυτὸν ἁπλοῦν, ἀγαθόν, ἀκέραιον, σεμνόν, ἄκομψον, τοῦ δικαίου φίλον, θεοσεβῆ, εὐμενῆ, φιλόστοργον, ἐρρωμένον πρὸς τὰ πρέποντα ἔργα. ἀγώνισαι, ἵνα τοιοῦτος συμμείνῃς, οἷόν σε ἠθέλησε ποιῆσαι φιλοσοφία. αἰδοῦ θεούς, σῷζε ἀνθρώπους. βραχὺς ὁ βίος· εἷς καρπὸς τῆς ἐπιγείου ζωῆς, διάθεσις ὁσία καὶ πράξεις κοινωνικαί. Take heed not to be transformed into a Caesar, not to be dipped in the purple dye, for it does happen. Keep yourself therefore, simple, good, pure, grave, unaffected, the friend of justice, religious, kind, affectionate, strong for your proper work. Wrestle to be the man philosophy wished to make you. Reverence the gods, save men. Life is brief; there is but one harvest of earthly existence, a holy disposition and neighborly acts. VI, 30



Reverence the gods, and help men. Short is life. VI, 30



I consist of a little body and a soul. VI, 32



Οἷς συγκεκλήρωσαι πράγμασι, τούτοις συνάρμοζε σεαυτόν, καὶ οἷς συνείληχας ἀνθρώποις, τούτους φίλει, ἀλλ ἀληθινῶς. Adapt yourself to the environment in which your lot has been cast, and show true love to the fellow-mortals with whom destiny has surrounded you. VI, 39



But if we judge only those things which are in our power to be good or bad, there remains no reason either for finding fault with God or standing in a hostile attitude to man. VI, 41



The only thing that isn’t worthless: to live this life out truthfully and rightly. And be patient with those who don’t. (Hays translation) VI, 47



What is not good for the swarm is not good for the bee. VI, 54



How many together with whom I came into the world are already gone out of it. VI, 56



Book VII [ edit ]

Everywhere and at all times it is in thy power piously to acquiesce in thy present condition, and to behave justly to those who are about thee, and to exert thy skill upon thy present thoughts, that nothing shall steal into them without being well examined.

I can control my thoughts as necessary; then how can I be troubled? (Hays translation) VII, 2



Understand however that every man is worth just so much as the things are worth about which he busies himself. VII, 3



How many, once lauded in song, are given over to the forgotten; and how many who sung their praises are clean gone long ago! VII, 6



Never let the future disturb you. You will meet it, if you have to, with the same weapons of reason which today arm you against the present. VII, 8 (Penguin Classics edition of Meditations, translated by Maxwell Staniforth)



Whatever may befall you, it was preordained for you from everlasting.

Πάντα ἀλλήλοις ἐπιπέπλεκται καὶ ἡ σύνδεσις ἱερά, καὶ σχεδόν τι οὐδὲν ἀλλότριον ἄλλο ἄλλωι· συγκατατέτακται γὰρ καὶ συγκοσμεῖ τὸν αὐτὸν κόσμον. κόσμος τε γὰρ εἷς ἐξ ἁπάντων καὶ θεὸς εἷς δι᾽ ἁπάντων καὶ οὐσία μία καὶ νόμος εἷς, λόγος κοινὸς πάντων τῶν νοερῶν ζώιων, καὶ ἀλήθεια μία, εἴγε καὶ τελειότης μία τῶν ὁμογενῶν καὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ λόγου μετεχόντων ζώιων. All things are implicated with one another, and the bond is holy; and there is hardly anything unconnected with any other things. For things have been co-ordinated, and they combine to make up the same universe. For there is one universe made up of all things, and one god who pervades all things, and one substance, and one law, and one reason. VII, 9



To a rational being it is the same thing to act according to nature and according to reason. VII, 11



Be thou erect, or be made erect. VII, 12



It doesn’t hurt me unless I interpret its happening as harmful to me. I can choose not to. (Hays translation) VII, 14



No matter what anyone says or does, my task is to be good. (Hays translation) VII, 15



An angry countenance is much against nature, and it is oftentimes the proper countenance of them that are at the point of death. But were it so, that all anger and passion were so thoroughly quenched in thee, that it were altogether impossible to kindle it any more, yet herein must not thou rest satisfied, but further endeavour by good consequence of true ratiocination, perfectly to conceive and understand, that all anger and passion is against reason. VII, 18



Is any man afraid of change? Why what can take place without change? VII, 18



Ἐγγὺς μὲν ἡ σὴ περὶ πάντων λήθη, ἐγγὺς δὲ ἡ πάντων περὶ σοῦ λήθη. Soon you will have forgotten the world, and soon the world will have forgotten you. VII, 21



Ἴδιον ἀνθρώπου φιλεῖν καὶ τοὺς πταίοντας. It is man's peculiar duty to love even those who wrong him. VII, 22



Nature which governs the whole will soon change all things which thou seest, and out of there substance will make other things, and again other things from the substance of them, in order that the world may ever be new. VII, 25 (See also Charles Darwin)



Think not so much of what thou hast not as of what thou hast: but of the things which thou hast, select the best, and then reflect how eagerly they would have been sought, if thou hadst them not. At the same time, however, take care that thou dost not, through being so pleased with them, accustom thyself to overvalue them, so as to be disturbed if ever thou shouldst not have them. Variant Translation: Let not thy mind run on what thou lackest as much as on what thou hast already. VII, 27



Retire into thyself. The rational principle which rules has this nature, that it is content with itself when it does what is just, and so secures tranquility. VII, 28

which rules has this nature, that it

Wipe out the imagination. Stop pulling the strings. Confine thyself to the present. ...Divide and distribute every object into the causal [formal] and the material. ... Let the wrong which is done by a man stay there where the wrong was done. VII, 29



Direct thy attention to what is said. Let thy understanding enter into the things that are doing and the things which do them. VII, 30



Adorn thyself with simplicity and with indifference towards the things which lie between virtue and vice. Love mankind. Follow God. The poet says that Law rules all. And it is enough to remember that law rules all. VII, 31

and with indifference towards the things which lie between virtue and vice. Love mankind. Follow God. The poet says that Law rules all. And it is enough to remember that law rules all.

About fame... Just as the sand-dunes, heaped one upon another, hide each the first, so in life the former deeds are quickly hidden by those that follow after. VII, 34



From Plato: the man who has an elevated mind and takes a view of all time and of all substance, dost thou suppose it possible for him to think that human life is anything great? It is not possible, he said. Such a man then will think that death also is no evil. VII, 35

It is not possible, he said.

From Antisthenes: It is royal to do good and be abused. VII, 36



It is a base thing for the countenance to be obedient and to regulate and compose itself as the mind commands, and for the mind not to be regulated and composed by itself. VII, 37



It is not right to vex ourselves at things, For they care not about it. VII, 38



If the gods care not for me and for my children, There is a reason for it. VII, 41



For thus it is, men of Athens, in truth: wherever a man has placed himself thinking it is the best place for him, or has been placed by a commander, there in my opinion he ought to stay and to abide the hazard, taking nothing into the reckoning, either death or anything else, before the baseness [of deserting his post]. VII, 45



Look round at the courses of the stars, as if thou wert going along with them; and constantly consider the changes of the elements into one another; for such thoughts purge away the filth of the terrene life. VII, 47



This is a fine saying of Plato: That he who is discoursing about men should look also at earthly things as if he viewed them from some higher place ; should look at them... a mixture of all things and an orderly combination of contraries. VII, 48

; should

Thou mayest foresee... the things which will be. For they will certainly be of like form , and it is not possible that they should deviate from the order of things now: accordingly to have contemplated human life for forty years is the same as to have contemplated it for ten thousand years. VII, 49

, and it is not possible that they should deviate from the order of things now:

That which had grown from the earth, to the earth, But that which has sprung from heavenly seed, Back to the heavenly realms returns. This is either a dissolution of the mutual involution of the atoms, or a similar dispersion of the unsentient elements. VII, 50

returns. This is either a dissolution of the mutual involution of the atoms, or a similar dispersion of the unsentient elements.

Another may be more expert in casting [throwing] his opponent; but he is not more social, nor more modest, nor better disciplined to meet all that happens, nor more considerate with respect to the faults of his neighbors. VII, 52

[throwing]

Where any work can be done conformably to the reason which is common to gods and men, there we have nothing to fear ; for where we are able to get profit by means of the activity which is successful and proceeds according to our constitution, there no harm is to be suspected. VII, 53

; for where we are able to get profit by means of the activity which is successful and proceeds according to our constitution, there

Everywhere and at all times it is in thy power piously to acquiesce in thy present condition, and to behave justly to those who are about thee, and to exert thy skill upon thy present thoughts, that nothing shall steal into them without being well examined. VII, 54



Every being ought to do that which is according to its constitution; and all other things have been constituted for the sake of the superior, but the rational for the sake of one another. VII, 55



Consider thyself to be dead , and to have completed thy life up to the present time; and live according to nature the remainder which is allowed thee. VII, 56

, and to have completed thy life up to the present time; according to nature

Love that only which happens to thee and is spun with the thread of thy destiny. For what is more suitable? VII, 57

only and is spun with the thread of thy destiny. For

Why then dost thou choose to act in the same way? and why dost thou not leave these agitations which are foreign to nature, to those who cause them and those who are moved by them? And why art thou not altogether intent upon the right way of making use of things which happen to thee ? for then thou wilt use them well, and they will be material for thee. Only attend to thyself, and resolve to be a good man in every act which thou doest; and remember... VII, 58

? for then thou wilt Only attend to thyself, and resolve to be a good man in every act which thou doest; and remember...

Look within. Within is the fountain of the good, and it will ever bubble up, if thou wilt ever dig. VII, 59



The art of life is more like the wrestler's art than the dancer's, in respect of this, that it should stand ready and firm to meet onsets which are sudden and unexpected. VII, 61



Every soul , the philosopher says, is involuntarily deprived of truth; consequently in the same way it is deprived of justice and temperance and benevolence and everything of the kind. It is most necessary to keep this in mind, for thus thou wilt be more gentle towards all. VII, 63

, the philosopher says, in the same way it is deprived and and everything of the kind. It is most necessary to

In the case of most pains let this remark of Epicurus aid thee, that the pain is neither intolerable nor everlasting, if thou bear in mind that it has its limits, and if thou addest nothing to it in imagination... VII, 64



Very little is needed to make a happy life. ἐν ὀλιγίστοις κεῖται τὸ εὐδαιμόνως βιῶσαι VII, 67



To live each day as though one's last, never flustered, never apathetic, never attitudinizing – here is perfection of character. VII, 69



It’s silly to try to escape other people’s faults. They are inescapable. Just try to escape your own. (Hays translation) VII, 71



The nature of the All moved to make the universe. VII, 75



Book VIII [ edit ]

A wrongdoer is often a man who has left something undone, not always one who has done something.

On the occasion of every act ask thyself, How is this with respect to me? Shall I repent of it? A little time and I am dead, and all is gone. VIII, 2



You may break your heart, but men will still go on as before. Ὅτι οὐδὲν ἧττον τὰ αὐτὰ ποιήσουσι, κἂν σὺ διαρραγῇς. VIII, 4



Constantly and, if it be possible, on the occasion of every impression on the soul, apply to it the principles of Physic, of Ethic, and of Dialectic. VIII, 13



To change your mind and to follow him who sets you right is to be nonetheless the free agent that you were before. Remember that to change thy opinion and to follow him who corrects thy error is as consistent with freedom as it is to persist in thy error. (Long translation) VIII, 16



Nature has had regard in everything no less to the end than to the beginning and the continuance, just like a man who throws up a ball. What good is it then for the ball to be thrown up, or harm for it to come down... what good is it to the bubble while it holds together, or what harm when it is burst? VIII, 20



Short-lived are both the praiser and the praised, and rememberer and the remembered : and all this in a nook of this part of the world; and not even here do all agree, no, not any one with himself: and the whole earth too is a point. VIII, 21

: and all this in a nook of this part of the world; and not even here do all agree, no, not any one with himself:

Look to the essence of a thing, whether it be a point of doctrine, of practice, or of interpretation. Πρόσεχε τῷ ὑποκειμένῳ ἢ τῇ ἐνεργείᾳ ἢ τῷ δόγματι ἢ τῷ σημαινομένῳ. VIII, 22



Thou sufferest justly: for thou choosest rather to become good to-morrow than to be good to-day. VIII, 22



Remember this, then, that this little compound, thyself, must either be dissolved, or thy poor breath must be extinguished, or be removed and placed elsewhere. VIII, 25



Where have they gone, the brilliant, the insightful ones, the proud? (Hays translation) VIII, 25



It is satisfaction to a man to do the proper works of a man. VIII, 26



There are three relations [between thee and other things]: the one to the body which surrounds thee ; the second to the divine cause from which all things come to all; and the third to those who live with thee. VIII, 27

the one ; the second from which all things come to all; the third

To accept it without arrogance, to let it go with indifference. (Hays translation) VIII, 33



Suppose that thou hast detached thyself from the natural unity. .. yet here there is this beautiful provision, that it is in thy power again to unite thyself. God has allowed this to no other part , after it has been separated and cut asunder, to come together again. ...he has distinguished man, for he has put it in his power not to be separated at all from the universal ...he has allowed him to be returned and to be united and to resume his place as a part. VIII, 34

.. yet here there is this beautiful provision, that , after it has been separated and cut asunder, to come together again. ...he has distinguished man, for he has put it in his power not to be separated at all from the universal ...he has allowed him to be returned and to be united and to resume his place as a part.

As the nature of the universal has given to every rational being all the powers that it has, so we have received from it this power also. For as the universal nature converts and fixes in its predestined place everything which stands in the way and opposes it, and makes such things a part of itself, so also the rational animal is able to make every hindrance its own material , and to use it for such purpose as it may have designed. VIII, 35

and fixes in its predestined place , and to use it for such purpose as it may have designed.

Remember that neither the future nor the past pains thee, but only the present. But this is reduced to a very little, if thou only circumscribest it, and chidest thy mind, if it is unable to hold out against even this. VIII, 36

But this is reduced to a very little, if thou only circumscribest it, and chidest thy mind, if it is unable to hold out against even this.

If thou canst see sharp, look and judge wisely, says the philosopher. VIII, 38



In the constitution of that rational animal I see no virtue which is opposed to justice, but I see a virtue which is opposed to love of pleasure, and that is temperance. VIII, 39



The things... which are proper to the understanding no other man is used to impede , for neither fire, nor iron, nor tyrant, nor abuse, touches it in any way. When it has been made a sphere, it continues a sphere. VIII, 41

, for neither fire, nor iron, nor tyrant, nor abuse, touches it in any way.

It is not fit that I should give myself pain, for I have never intentionally given pain even to another. VIII, 42



If...it be a thing external that causes thy grief, know, that it is not that properly that doth cause it, but thine own conceit and opinion concerning the thing: which thou mayest rid thyself of, when thou wilt. VIII, 45



External things are not the problem. It’s your assessment of them. Which you can erase right now. (Hays translation) VIII, 47



The mind which is free from passions is a citadel, for man has nothing more secure to which he can fly for refuge and for the future be inexpugnable. He then who has not seen this is an ignorant man: but he who has seen it and does not fly to this refuge is unhappy. VIII, 48

He then who has not seen this is an ignorant man: but he who has seen it and does not fly to this refuge is unhappy.

The universal nature has no external space ; but the wondrous part of her art is that though she has circumscribed herself, everything which is within her which appears to decay and to grow old and to be useless she changes into herself, and again makes other new things from these very same , so that she requires neither substance from without nor wants a place into which she may cast that which decays. She is content then with her own space, and her own matter, and her own art. VIII, 50

; but the wondrous part of her art is that though , so that she requires neither substance from without nor wants a place into which she may cast that which decays.

The cucumber is bitter? Then throw it out. There are brambles in the path? Then go around them. That’s all you need to know. (Hays translation) VIII, 50



No carelessness in your actions. No confusion in your words. No imprecision in your thoughts. (Hays translation) Be not careless in deeds, nor confused in words, nor rambling in thought. VIII, 51



A man standing by a spring of clear, sweet water and cursing it. While the fresh water keeps on bubbling up. He can shovel mud into it, or dung, and the stream will carry it away, wash itself clean, remain unstained. (Hays translation) Suppose that men kill thee, cut thee in pieces, curse thee. What then can these things do to prevent thy mind from remaining pure, wise, sober, just? For instance, if a man should stand by a limpid pure spring, and curse it, the spring never ceases sending up potable water; and if he should cast clay into it or filth, it will speedily disperse them and wash them out, and will not be at all polluted. How then shalt thou possess a perpetual fountain? By forming thyself hourly to freedom conjoined with contentment, simplicity and modesty. VIII, 51



He who does not know what the world is, does not know where he is. And he who does not know for what purpose the world exists, does not know who he is, nor what the world is. But he who has failed in any one of these things could not even say for what purpose he exists himself. What then dost thou think of him who [avoids or] seeks the praise of those who applaud, of men who know not either where they are or who they are? He that knows not what the world is, knows not where he is himself. He that knows not for what he was made, knows not what he is nor what the world is. VIII, 52

then [avoids or]

You want praise from people who kick themselves every fifteen minutes, the approval of people who despise themselves. (Is it a sign of self-respect to regret nearly everything you do?) (Hays translation) VIII, 53



No longer let thy breathing only act in concert with the air which surrounds thee, but let thy intelligence also now be in harmony with the intelligence which embraces all things. For the intelligent power is no less diffused in all parts and pervades all things for him who is willing to draw it to him than the aërial power for him who is able to respire it. VIII, 54

also now For the intelligent power is no less diffused in all parts and pervades all things for him who is willing to draw it to him than the aërial power for him who is able to respire it.

He who fears death either fears to lose all sensation or fears new sensations. In reality, you will either feel nothing at all, and therefore nothing evil, or else, if you can feel any sensations, you will be a new creature, and so will not have ceased to have life. VIII, 58



Men exist for the sake of one another. Teach them then or bear with them. (Long translation) All men are made one for another: either then teach them better, or bear with them. (trans. Meric Casaubon). Οἱ ἄνθρωποι γεγόνασιν ἀλλήλων ἕνεκεν· ἢ δίδασκε οὖν ἢ φέρε. VIII, 59

(Long translation)

An arrow has one motion and the mind another. Even when pausing, even when weighing conclusions, the mind is moving forward, toward its goal. (Hays translation) VIII, 60



Book IX [ edit ]

The nature of the universe is the nature of things that are. Now, things that are have kinship with things that are from the beginning. Further, this nature is styled Truth; and it is the first cause of all that is true. IX, 1



He would be the finer gentleman that should leave the world without having tasted of lying or pretence of any sort, or of wantonness or conceit. IX, 2



Think not disdainfully of death, but look on it with favor; for even death is one of the things that Nature wills. IX, 3



A wrongdoer is often a man who has left something undone, not always one who has done something. Ἀδικεῖ πολλάκις ὁ μὴ ποιῶν τι, οὐ μόνον ὁ ποιῶν τι. IX, 5



And you can also commit injustice by doing nothing. (Hays translation) IX, 5



Objective judgment, now, at this very moment. Unselfish action, now, at this very moment. Willing acceptance—now, at this very moment—of all external events. That’s all you need. (Hays translation) IX, 6



Blot out vain pomp; check impulse; quench appetite; keep reason under its own control. IX, 7



Things that have a common quality ever quickly seek their kind. IX, 9



Today I escaped from anxiety. Or no, I discarded it, because it was within me, in my own

perceptions—not outside. (Hays translation)

IX, 13



All things are the same,—familiar in enterprise, momentary in endurance, coarse in substance. All things now are as they were in the day of those whom we have buried. IX, 14



The happiness and unhappiness of the rational, social animal depends not on what he feels but on what he does; just as his virtue and vice consist not in feeling but in doing. IX, 16



All things are changing; and thou thyself art in continuous mutation and in a manner in continuous destruction and the whole universe to. IX, 19



Turn thy thoughts now to the consideration of thy life, thy life as a child, as a youth, thy manhood, thy old age, for in these also every change was a death. Is this anything to fear? IX, 21



Hasten [to examine] thy own ruling faculty and that of the universe and that of thy neighbor: thy own, that thy may make it just; and that of the universe, that thou mayst remember of what thou art a part; and that of thy neighbor, that thy mayst know whether he has acted ignorantly or with knowledge, and that thou mayst also consider that his ruling faculty is akin to thine. IX, 22



As thou thyself art a component part of a social system, so let every act of thine be a component part of social life. Whatever act of thine that has no reference , either immediately or remotely, to a social end, this tears asunder thy life, and does not allow it to be one, and it is of the nature of a mutiny , just as when in a popular assembly a man acting by himself stands apart from the general agreement. IX, 23

, either immediately or remotely, tears asunder thy life, and does not allow it to be one, and it , just as when in a popular assembly a man acting by himself stands apart from the general agreement.

The universal intelligence puts itself in motion for every separate effect... or it puts itself in motion once, and everything else comes by way of a sequence in a manner; or individual elements are the origin of all things. In a word, if there is a god, all is well; and if chance rules, do not thou be governed by it . IX, 28

.

If man reflects on the changes and transformations which follow one another like wave after wave and their rapidity, he will despise everything which is perishable. IX, 28



Do what nature now requires. Set thyself in motion, if it is in thy power, and do not look about thee to see if any one will observe it; nor yet expect Plato's Republic: but be content if the smallest thing goes on well, and consider such an event to be no small matter. Forward, as occasion offers. Never look round to see whether any shall note it…. Be satisfied with success in even the smallest matter, and think that even such a result is no trifle. IX, 29



Let there be freedom from perturbations with respect to the things which come from the external cause; and let there be justice in the things done by virtue of the internal cause , that is, let there be movement and action terminating in this, in social acts , for this is according to thy nature. IX, 31

, that is, let there be movement and action this, in , for this is according to thy nature.

He that dies in extreme old age will be reduced to the same state with him that is cut down untimely. IX, 33



The rottenness of the matter which is the foundation of everything! IX, 36



Either all things proceed from one intelligent source and come together as in one body, and the part ought not to find fault with what is done for the benefit of the whole; or there are only atoms, and nothing else than a mixture and dispersion. Why, then, art thou disturbed? Say to this ruling faculty, Art thou dead, art thou corrupted, art thou playing the hypocrite, art thou become a beast, dost thou herd and feed with the rest? IX, 39



Why dost thou not pray... to give thee the faculty of not fearing any of the things which thou fearest, or of not desiring any of the things which thou desirest , or not being pained at anything, rather than pray that any of these things should not happen or happen? IX, 40

, or not being pained at anything,

Is it not better to use what is in thy power like a free man than to desire in a slavish and abject way what is not in thy power? IX, 40

like a free man in a slavish and abject way

One man prays thus: How shall I be able to lie with that woman? Do thou pray thus: How shall I not desire to lie with her? Another prays: How shall I be released from this? Another prays: How shall I not desire to be released? Another thus: How shall I not lose my little son? Thou thus: How shall I not be afraid to lose him? In fine, turn thy prayers this way, and see what comes. IX, 40



Art thy not content that thou hast done something conformable to thy nature, and dost thou seek to be paid for it? Just as if the eye demanded recompense for seeing, or the feet for walking. For as these members are formed for a particular purpose... so also is man formed by nature to acts of benevolence. IX, 42



Yes, boorish people do boorish things. What’s strange or unheard-of about that? Isn’t it yourself you should reproach—for not anticipating that they’d act this way? (Hays translation) IX, 42



Book X [ edit ]

Wilt thou then, my soul, never be good and simple and one and naked, more manifest than the body which surrounds thee? Wilt thou never enjoy an affectionate and contented disposition? Wilt thou never be full and without a want of any kind, longing for nothing more, nor desiring anything, either animate of inanimate, for the enjoyment of pleasures? nor yet desiring time wherein thou shalt have longer enjoyment, or place, or pleasant climate, or society of men with whom thou mayst live in harmony? but wilt thou be satisfied with thy present condition, and pleased with all that is around thee, and wilt thou convince thyself that thou hast everything and that it comes from the gods, that everything is well for thee, and will be well whatever shall please them, and whatever they shall give for the conservation of the perfect living being, the good and just and beautiful, which generates and holds together all things, and contains and embraces all things which are dissolved for the production of other like things? Wilt thou never be such that thou shalt so dwell in community with gods and men as neither to find fault with them at all, nor to be condemned by them? X, 1



Use these rules then, and trouble thyself about nothing else. X, 2



Everything that happens is either endurable or not. If it’s endurable, then endure it. Stop complaining. If it’s unendurable . . . then stop complaining. Your destruction will mean its end as well. (Hays translation) X, 3



If a man is mistaken, instruct him kindly and show him his error. But if thou art not able, blame thyself, or blame not even thyself. X, 4



Whatever may happen to thee, it was prepared for thee from all eternity; and the implication of causes was from eternity spinning the thread of thy being, and of that which is incident to it. Alternate Translation: Whatever may befall you, it was preordained for you from everlasting. X, 5



The whole contains nothing which is not or its advantage; and all natures indeed have this common principle, but the nature of the universe has this principle besides, that it cannot be compelled even by any external cause to generate anything harmful to itself. X, 6



By remembering then that I am a part of such a whole , I shall be content with everything that happens. And inasmuch as I am in a manner intimately related to the parts which are of the same kind with myself, I shall do nothing unsocial , but I shall rather direct myself to the things which are of the same kind with myself, and I shall turn all my efforts to the common interest , and divert them from the contrary. X, 6

then , I shall be content with everything that happens. , but I shall rather direct myself to the things which are of the same kind with myself, , and divert them from the contrary.

Remember that the term Rational was intended to signify a discriminating attention to every several thing and freedom from negligence ; and that Equanimity is the voluntary acceptance of things which are assigned to thee by the common nature ; and the Magnanimity is the elevation of the intelligent part above the pleasurable or painful sensations of the flesh, and above that poor thing called fame, and death, and all such things. If then, thou maintainest thyself in the possession of these names , without desiring to be called by these names by others, thou wilt be another person and wilt enter into another life. X, 8

several ; and that Equanimity is the ; and the Magnanimity is the of the flesh, and that poor thing called then, , without desiring to be called by these names by others,

Rememberest the gods , and that they wish not to be flattered, but wish all reasonable beings to be made like themselves ; and... rememberest that what does the work of a fig-tree is a fig-tree, and that what does the work of a dog is a dog, and that what does the work of a bee is a bee, and that what does the work of a man is a man. X, 8

, and that they wish not to be flattered, but ; and... rememberest that what does the work of a fig-tree is a fig-tree, and that what does the work of a dog is a dog, and that what does the work of a bee is a bee, and that what does the work of a man is a man.

Acquire the contemplative way of seeing how all things change into one another , and constantly attend to it, and exercise thyself about this part [of philosophy]. For nothing is so much adapted to produce magnanimity. ...But as to what any man shall say or think about him, or do against him, he never even thinks of it, being himself contented with these two things: with acting justly in what he now does, and being satisfied with what is now assigned to him ; and he lays aside all distracting and busy pursuits, and desires nothing else than to accomplish the straight course through the law, and by accomplishing the straight course to follow God. X, 11

, and constantly attend to it, and exercise thyself about this part [of philosophy]. ...But as to what any man shall say or think about him, or do against him, he never even thinks of it, himself with in what he now does, ; and lays aside all distracting and busy pursuits, and by accomplishing the straight course

What need is there of suspicious fear , since it is in thy power to inquire what ought to be done? And if thy seest clear, go by this way content, without turning back: but if thy dost not see clear, stop and take the best advisers. But if any other things oppose thee, go on according to thy powers with due consideration, keeping to that which appears to be just. For it is best to reach this object, and if thou dost fail, let thy failure be in attempting this. He who follows reason in all things is both tranquil and active at the same time, and also cheerful and collected. X, 12

, since it is in thy power to inquire what ought to be done? And if thy seest clear, go by this way content, without turning back: but if thy dost not see clear, stop and take the best advisers. But if any other things oppose thee, go on according to thy powers with due consideration, keeping to that which appears to be just. For it is best to reach this object, and if thou dost fail, let thy failure be in attempting this.

To her who gives and takes back all, to nature, the man who is instructed and modest says, Give what thou wilt; take back what thou wilt . And he says this not proudly, but obediently and well pleased with her. X, 14

. And he says this not proudly, but

Live as on a mountain. ...Let men see, let them know a real man who lives according to nature. If they cannot endure him, let them kill him. For that is better than to live thus. X, 15



Waste no more time arguing what a good man should be. Be one. Μηκέθ᾽ ὅλως περὶ τοῦ οἷόν τινα εἶναι τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνδρα διαλέγεσθαι, ἀλλὰ εἶναι τοιοῦτον. X, 16



Constantly contemplate the whole of time and the whole of substance , and consider that all individual things as to substance are a grain of a fig, and as to time the turning of a gimlet. X, 17

, and consider that all individual things as to substance are a grain of a fig, and as to time the turning of a gimlet.

Look at everything that exists , and observe that it is already in dissolution and change , and as it were putrefaction or dispersion, or that everything is so constituted in nature as to die. X, 18

, and observe that , and as it were putrefaction or dispersion, that everything is

"Earth loves the rain, the proud sky loves to give it." The whole world loves to create futurity. I say then to the world, "I share your love." Is this not the source of the phrase, "This loves to happen"? ῾Ἐρᾷ μὲν ὄμβρου γαῖα, ἐρᾷ δὲ ὁ σεμνὸς αἰθήρ,᾿ ἐρᾷ δὲ ὁ κόσμος ποιῆσαι ὃ ἂν μέλλῃ γίνεσθαι. λέγω οὖν τῷ κόσμῳ ὅτι σοὶ συνερῶ. μήτι δὲ οὕτω κἀκεῖνο λέγεται, ὅτι: φιλεῖ τοῦτο γίνεσθαι; (The last phrase is quoted in J.D. Salinger's Franny and Zooey as "It loved to happen"; the tense is ambiguous in Greek.) X, 21

῾Ἐρᾷ μὲν ὄμβρου γαῖα, ἐρᾷ δὲ ὁ σεμνὸς αἰθήρ,᾿ ἐρᾷ δὲ ὁ κόσμος ποιῆσαι ὃ ἂν μέλλῃ γίνεσθαι. λέγω οὖν τῷ κόσμῳ ὅτι σοὶ συνερῶ. μήτι δὲ οὕτω κἀκεῖνο λέγεται, ὅτι: φιλεῖ τοῦτο γίνεσθαι; (The last phrase is quoted in J.D. Salinger's Franny and Zooey as "It loved to happen"; the tense is ambiguous in Greek.)

Let this always be plain to thee, that this piece of land is like any other; and that all things here are the same with all things on the top of a mountain, or on the sea-shore, or wherever thou chooses to be. For thou wilt find just what Plato says, Dwelling within the walls of the city as in a shepherd's fold on a mountain. X, 23

For thou wilt find just what Plato says, Dwelling within the walls of the city as in a shepherd's fold on a mountain.

What is my ruling faculty now to me? and of what nature am I now making it? and for what purpose am I now using it? is it void of understanding? is it loosed and rent asunder from social life? is it melted and mixed with the poor flesh so as to move together with it? X, 24

and and is it void of understanding? is it loosed and rent asunder from social life? is it melted and mixed with the poor flesh so as to move together with it?

He who flies from his master is a runaway; but the law is master , and he who breaks the law is a runaway. And he also who is grieved or angry or afraid, is dissatisfied because something has been or is or shall be of the things which are appointed by Him who rules all things, and He is Law, and assigns to every man what is fit. He then who fears or is grieved or is angry is a runaway. X, 25

, and he who breaks the law is a runaway. And he also who is grieved or angry or afraid, is dissatisfied because something has been or is or shall be of the which

All those [events in history] were such dramas as we see now, only with different actors. X, 27

[events in history]

Only to the rational animal is it given to follow voluntarily what happens; but simply to follow is a necessity imposed on all. X, 28

what happens; but

When thou art offended at any man's fault, forthwith turn to thyself and reflect in what manner thou doest error thyself... For by attending to this thou wilt quickly forget thy anger, if this consideration is also added, that the man is compelled ; for what else could he do? or, if thou art able, take away from him the compulsion. X, 30

by attending to this thou wilt quickly forget thy anger, if this consideration is also added, that the ; for what else could he do? or,

Continuously thou wilt look at human things as smoke and nothing at all ; especially if thou reflectest at the same time, that what has once changed will never exist again in the infinite duration of time. But thou, in what a brief space of time is thy existence? And why art thou not content to pass through this short time in an orderly way? X, 31

; especially if thou reflectest at the same time, that what has once changed will never exist again in the infinite duration of time. But thou, in what a brief space of time is thy existence?

What matter and opportunity [for thy activity] art thou avoiding? For what else are all these things, except exercises for the reason , when it has viewed carefully and by examination into their nature the things which happen in life? Persevere then until thou shalt have made these things thy own , as the stomach which is strengthened makes all things its own, as the blazing fire makes flame and brightness out of everything that is thrown into it. X, 31

, when it has viewed carefully and by examination into their nature the things which happen in life? , as the stomach which is strengthened makes all things its own,

To live your brief life rightly, isn’t that enough? (Hays translation) X, 31



Let it not be in any man's power to say truly of thee that thou art not simple or that thou art not good; but let him be a liar whoever shall think anything of this kind about thee; and this is altogether in thy power. X, 32



It is not given to a cylinder to move everywhere by its own motion, nor yet to water nor to fire nor to anything else which is governed by nature or an irrational soul , for the things which check them and stand in the way are many. But intelligence and reason are able to go through everything that opposes them , and in such manner as they are formed by nature and as they choose. Place before thy eyes this facility with which the reason will be carried through all things, as fire upwards, as a stone downwards, as a cylinder down an inclined surface , and seek for nothing further. For all other obstacles either affect the body only, which is a dead thing; or, except for opinion and the yielding of reason itself, they do not crush nor do any harm of any kind ; for if they did, he who felt it would immediately become bad. X, 33

nor yet to water nor to fire , for the things which check them and stand in the way are many. , and in such manner as they are formed by nature and as they choose. Place before thy eyes this facility with which the reason will be carried through all things, , and other ; for if they did, he who felt it would immediately become bad.

In the case of all things which have a certain constitution, whatever harm may happen to any of them, that which is affected becomes consequently worse; but in like case, a man becomes both better... and more worthy of praise, by making the right use of these accidents. X, 33

may happen to any of them, that which

And finally remember that nothing harms him who is really a citizen, which does not harm the state; nor yet does anything harm the state which does not harm law [order]; and of these things which are called misfortunes not one harms law. What then does not harm law does not harm either state or citizen. X, 33



"Leaves, some the wind scatters on the ground—So is the race of man." Leaves , also, are thy children; and leaves, too, are they who cry out so if they are worthy of credit, or bestow their praise, or on the contrary curse, or secretly blame and sneer; and leaves, in like manner, are those who shall receive and transmit a man's fame to after-times. For all such things as these "are produced in the season of spring," as the poet says; then the wind casts them down; then the forest produces other leaves in their places. But a brief existence is common to all things, and yet thou avoidest and pursuest all things as if they would be eternal. X, 34

, also, are thy children; and leaves, too, on the contrary leaves, in like manner, are as the poet says; But a brief existence is common to all things,

A little time, and thou shalt close thy eyes; and him who has attended thee to thy grave, another soon will lament. X, 34



The healthy eye ought to see all visible things and not to say, I wish for green things; for this is the condition of the diseased eye. And the healthy hearing and smelling ought to be ready to perceive all that can be heard and smelled. And the healthy stomach ought to be with respect to all food just as the mill with respect to all things which it is formed to grind. And accordingly the healthy understanding ought to be prepared for everything which happens ; but that which says, Let my dear children live, and let all men praise whatever I may do, is an eye which seeks for green things, or teeth which seek for soft things. X, 35

with respect to all food just ; but that which says, Let my dear children live, and let all men praise whatever I may do, is an eye which seeks for green things, or teeth which seek for soft things.

There is no man so fortunate that there shall not be by him when he is dying some who are pleased with what is going to happen. Suppose that he was a good and a wise man, will there not be at least some one to say to himself, Let us at last breathe freely, being relieved from this schoolmaster? It is true that he was harsh to none of us, but I perceive that he tacitly condemns us.—This is what is said of a good man. But in our own case how many other things are there for which there are many who wish to get rid of us. X, 36

Suppose that he was a good and a wise man, will there not be at least some one to say to himself, Let us at last breathe freely, being relieved from this schoolmaster? It is true that he was harsh to none of us, but I perceive that he tacitly condemns us.—This is what is said of a good man. But in our own case how many other things are there for which there are many who wish to get rid of us.

Learn to ask of all actions, “Why are they doing that?” Starting with your own. (Hays translation) X, 37



Remember that what pulls the strings is the force hidden within; there lies the power to persuade, there the life ,—there, if one must speak out, the real man. X, 38

to persuade, there ,—there, if one must speak out,

In contemplating thyself never include the vessel which surrounds thee, and these instruments which are attached about it. For they are like an ax, differing only in this, that they grow to the body. For indeed there is no more use in these parts without the cause which moves and checks them than in the weaver's shuttle, and the writer's pen, and the driver's whip. X, 38

which surrounds thee, about it. this, For indeed

Book XI [ edit ]

Have I done something for the general interest? Well then I have had my reward. Let this always be present to thy mind, and never stop doing such good. XI, 4



Everything harmonizes with me, which is harmonious to thee, O Universe. Nothing for me is too early or too late, which is in due time for thee

Rememberest the gods, and that they wish not to be flattered, but wish all reasonable beings to be made like themselves

There is no nature which is inferior to art, the arts imitate the nature of things. XI, 10



Someone despises me. That’s their problem. Mine: not to do or say anything despicable. Someone hates me. Their problem. Mine: to be patient and cheerful with everyone, including them. (Hays translation) XI, 13



The man who is honest and good ought to be exactly like a man who smells strong, so that the bystander as soon as he comes near him must smell whether he choose or not. XI, 15



A straightforward, honest person should be like someone who stinks: when you’re in the same room

with him, you know it. (Hays translation)

XI, 15



How much more damage anger and grief do than the things that cause them. (Hays translation) XI, 18



Pain is the opposite of strength, and so is anger. (Hays translation) XI, 18



That to expect bad people not to injure others is crazy. It’s to ask the impossible. And to let them behave like that to other people but expect them to exempt you is arrogant—the act of a tyrant. (Hays translation) XI, 18



“If you don’t have a consistent goal in life, you can’t live it in a consistent way.” (Hays translation) XI, 21



Socrates used to call the opinions of the many by the name of Lamiae, bugbears to frighten children. XI, 23



And virtue they will curse, speaking harsh words. XI, 32



“No thefts of free will reported.” (Hays translation) XI, 36



Book XII [ edit ]

All those things at which thou wishest to arrive by a circuitous road, thou canst have now, if thou dost not refuse them to thyself. XII, 1



...that to expect a bad person not to harm others is like expecting fig trees not to secrete juice, babies

not to cry, horses not to neigh—the inevitable not to happen. (Hays translation)

XII, 16



If it is not right, do not do it, if it is not true, do not say it. For let thy efforts be — XII, 17

For let thy efforts be —

Consider that everything is opinion, and opinion is in thy power. Take away then, when thou choosest, thy opinion, and like a mariner, who has doubled the promontory, thou wilt find calm, everything stable, and a waveless bay. XII, 22



Know the joy of life by piling good deed on good deed until no rift or cranny appears between them. τί λοιπὸν ἢ ἀπολαύειν τοῦ ζῆν συνάπτοντα ἄλλο ἐπ ἄλλῳ ἀγαθόν, ὥστε μηδὲ τὸ βραχύτατον διάστημα ἀπολείπειν; XII, 29



Everything harmonizes with me, which is harmonious to thee, O Universe. Nothing for me is too early or too late, which is in due time for thee. There is one light of the sun, though it is interrupted by walls, mountains and infinite other things. There is one common substance, though it is distributed among countless bodies which have their several qualities. There is one soul, though it is distributed among several natures and individual limitations. There is one intelligent soul, though it seems to be divided. XII, 30

There is one light of the sun, though it is interrupted by walls, mountains and infinite other things. There is one common substance, though it is distributed among countless bodies which have their several qualities.

Depart then satisfied, for he also who releases thee is satisfied. XII, 36



Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 10th ed. (1919) [ edit ]

Quotes reported in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 10th ed. (1919).

Find time still to be learning somewhat good, and give up being desultory. Meditations. ii. 7.



Be not as one that hath ten thousand years to live; death is nigh at hand: while thou livest, while thou hast time, be good. Meditations. iv. 17.



In the morning, when thou art sluggish at rousing thee, let this thought be present; “I am rising to a man’s work.” Meditations. v. 1.



No form of Nature is inferior to Art; for the arts merely imitate natural forms. Meditations. xi. 10.



Everything is in a state of metamorphosis. Thou thyself art in everlasting change and in corruption to correspond; so is the whole universe. Meditations. ix. 19.







Disputed [ edit ] He who lives in harmony with himself lives in harmony with the universe. Attributed in The Life You Were Born to Live : Finding Your Life Purpose (1995) by Dan Millman, Pt. 2, Ch. 2 : Cooperation and Balance







Misattributed [ edit ] Live a good life. If there are gods and they are just, then they will not care how devout you have been, but will welcome you based on the virtues you have lived by. If there are gods, but unjust, then you should not want to worship them. If there are no gods, then you will be gone, but will have lived a noble life that will live on in the memories of your loved ones. This quote may be a paraphrase of Meditations , Book II: Since it is possible that thou mayest depart from life this very moment, regulate every act and thought accordingly.

But to go away from among men, if there are gods, is not a thing to be afraid of, for the gods will not involve thee in evil;

but if indeed they do not exist, or if they have no concern about human affairs, what is it to me to live in a universe devoid of gods or devoid of Providence?

But Gods there are, undoubtedly, and they regard human affairs; and have put it wholly in our power, that we should not fall into what is truly evil No printed sources exist for this prior to 2009, and this seems to have been an attribution which arose on the internet, as indicated by web searches and rationales provided at "Marcus Aurelius and source checking" at Three Shouts on a Hilltop (14 June 2011)

Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact. Everything we see is a perspective, not the truth. Cited as being from The Meditations. This quote does not exist there; although there are several other statements about everything being an opinion, none of these are connected to a sentence about perspectives.

The object in life is not to be on the side of the majority, but to escape finding oneself in the ranks of the insane. The first citation appears in a translation of Leo Tolstoy's Bethink Yourselves! by NONRESISTANCE.ORG. The claim made that it is from Marcus Aurelius. Nothing closely resembling it appears in Meditations , nor does it appear in a 1904 translation of Bethink Yourselves. The 1904 translation may be abridged, whereas the NONRESISTANCE.ORG translation claims to be unabridged.



Quotes about Marcus Aurelius [ edit ]

A man's greatness lies not in wealth and station, as the vulgar believe, not yet in his intellectual capacity, which is often associated with the meanest moral character, the most abject servility to those in high places and arrogance to the poor and lowly; but a man's true greatness lies in the consciousness of an honest purpose in life, founded on a just estimate of himself and everything else, on frequent self-examination, and a steady obedience to the rule which he knows to be right, without troubling himself, as the emperor [Marcus Aurelius] says he should not, about what others may think or say, or whether they do or do not do that which he thinks and says and does. George Long, "M. Aurelius Antoninus" (1862) Harvard Classics, Vol.2 (1909)

[Marcus Aurelius]

The absolute ruler may be a Nero, but he is sometimes Titus or Marcus Aurelius; the people is often Nero, and never Marcus Aurelius. Antoine de Rivarol, as quoted in Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn (1952), Liberty or Equality: The Challenge of Our Time , The Caxton Printers LTD, p. 150



[W]e shall observe that Jewish intellectual qualities have remained constant, that certain characteristics, certain peculiar features of the Jewish soul may be traced as far back as the formation of the Jewish ethnical group. We cannot prove all this directly, because we have no reliable accounts of the Jewish popular character dating from early times. What we do possess are brief and scanty expressions of opinions, valuable, however, as far as they go. It is of great interest, for example, to note that the Pentateuch (in four places— Exod. xxxii. 9, xxxiv. 9; Deut. ix. 13 and 27) asserts of the Jews what Tacitus said of them later—that they are a stiff-necked people. No less interesting is Cicero’s statement that they hang together most fraternally, or Marcus Aurelius’s that they are a restless people, to whom he cries, “O ye Marcomanni, O ye Quadi, O ye Sarmatae, at length have I found a race more restless than you!”; or finally Juan de la Huarte’s that their intellect is keen and well fitted for worldly things. [...]

Under the Caesars their lot [the Jews] was no different [than in other nations of antiquity]: “I am just sick of these filthy, noisy Jews,” said Marcus Aurelius. Werner Sombart (1913), The Jews and Modern Capitalism , Chapter 13, Translated by M. Epstein; original publication in the German as Die Juden und das Wirtschaftsleben (1911)

Under the Caesars their lot [the Jews] was no different [than in other nations of antiquity]: “I am just sick of these filthy, noisy Jews,” said Marcus Aurelius.

Hannibal Lecter: I've read the case files. Have you? Everything you need to find him is right there in those pages.

Clarice Starling: Then tell me how.

Hannibal Lecter: First principles, Clarice: simplicity. Read Marcus Aurelius, "Of each particular thing, ask: What is it in itself? What is its nature?" What does he do, this man you seek?

Clarice Starling: He kills women.

Hannibal Lecter: No, that is incidental. What is the first and principal thing he does, what needs does he serve by killing?

Clarice Starling: Anger, social acceptance, and, uh, sexual frustration …

Hannibal Lecter: No, he covets . That's his nature. And how do we begin to covet, Clarice? Do we seek out things to covet? Make an effort to answer, now.

Clarice Starling: No. We just …

Hannibal Lecter: No. We begin by coveting what we see every day. Ted Tally (1991), Silence of the Lambs screenplay, adapted from the novel by Thomas Harris; Lecter is paraphrasing or quoting an alternate translation of Meditations Book VIII, 11: "This thing, what is it in itself, in its own constitution? What is its substance and material?" (George Long translation, 1862)

Clarice Starling: Then tell me how. Hannibal Lecter: First principles, Clarice: simplicity. Read Marcus Aurelius, "Of each particular thing, ask: What is it in itself? What is its nature?" What does he do, this man you seek? Clarice Starling: He kills women. Hannibal Lecter: No, that is incidental. What is the first and principal thing he does, what needs does he serve by killing? Clarice Starling: Anger, social acceptance, and, uh, sexual frustration … Hannibal Lecter: No, he . That's his nature. And how do we begin to covet, Clarice? Do we seek out things to covet? Make an effort to answer, now. Clarice Starling: No. We just … Hannibal Lecter: No. We begin by coveting what we see every day.

Marcus Aurelius was the perfect man, says Renan. Yes; the great emperor was a perfect man. But how intolerable were the endless claims upon him! He staggered under the burden of the empire. He was conscious how inadequate one man was to bear the weight of that Titan and too vast orb. Oscar Wilde, in The Soul of Man under Socialism , 1891

