By Jonathan D. Salant | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com

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House Republican tax reform legislation that is dominating the debate in Washington would eliminate many tax deductions many of you take each year to reduce your burden to Uncle Sam.

Many of those deductions are used only by Americans who itemize, and the bill almost doubles the standard deduction to $24,000 for a married couple to make up for them.

In some cases, taxes would go up, however. The Tax Policy Center, a progressive research group, estimated that 25 percent of taxpayers would face higher tax bills in 2027.

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President Donald Trump holds an example of what a new tax form may look like during a meeting on tax policy with Republican lawmakers in the Cabinet Room of the White House. (AP Photo | Evan Vucci)

Studies have shown that richer Americans will be the biggest beneficiaries of the tax bill.

The Tax Policy Center said 47 percent of the benefits would flow to the richest 1 percent of taxpayers in 2027, compared with 26 percent to the bottom 60 percent.

Here are some of the deductions on the chopping block.

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1. State and local tax deduction

Since the first federal income tax was enacted, taxpayers could deduct the taxes they paid to state and local governments. Currently, property taxes and either income or sales taxes are deductible.

The Republican plan allows only a deduction for property taxes up to $10,000.

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I'm offering an amendment to the #GOPTaxBill preserving full SALT deduction. This would crush our state.



Watch now:https://t.co/CxLz5zzmpt pic.twitter.com/cEQlaP9t7e — Bill Pascrell, Jr. (@BillPascrell) November 7, 2017

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A New Jersey townhouse. (Jerry McCrea | For NJ Advance Media)

2. Mortgage interest deduction

Homeowners would be able to deduct interest on mortgages on the first $500,000 of a home's purchase price, down from the current $1 million. In addition, interest on mortgages on second homes, such as vacation homes on the Jersey Shore, no longer would be deductible.

Existing mortgages are not affected.

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3. Personal exemptions

Every household gets an exemption of $4,050 per person, adjusted annually for inflation and is phased for higher-income taxpayers with income starting at $261,500. The GOP tax bill eliminates this exemption, which for a family of three is higher than the increased standard deduction.

Republicans are offering a $300 per person tax credit in its stead, but that expires in 2022.

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4. Business expenses

Dues for unions and professional organizations, uniforms, protective gear, unreimbursed travel, and other business expenses that an employer does not pay for are currently deductible. For the most part, they must exceed 2 percent of a taxpayer's income. They would not be deductible under the House Republican plan.

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Outside the emergency room of University Hospital. (Aristide Economopoulos | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com)

5. Medical expenses

An estimated 9 million people currently have medical expenses high enough to take the deduction, limited to amounts in excess of 10 percent of a taxpayer's income. That deduction would be eliminated under the House GOP measure.

The advocacy arm of the American Cancer Society said half of those claiming the deduction earned $50,000 or less, citing 2014 Internal Revenue Service statistics.

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6. Moving expenses

Currently, employees taking a new job 50 miles further away from their home than their current job can the expenses of moving to a new place. They will lose that tax break.

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7. Elderly tax credit

People aged 65 and over or who are permanently and totally disabled can claim a tax credit of up to $750 for an individual and or $1,125 when both spouses qualify. That's another tax benefit the Republicans seek to end.

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8. Electric cars

No longer would plug-in electric vehicles such as the Chevrolet Volt, Nissan Leaf and Tesla be eligible for tax credits of up to $7,500.

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9. Education credit

The Lifetime Learning credit of up to $2,000, which offsets tuition and other expenses would end. This is separate from the American Opportunity Credit, which is retained.

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10. Student loan interest

On the chopping block is a provision allowing up to $2,000 in student loan interest to be deducted, though the benefit starts phasing out for individuals with income of $65,000.

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President Barack Obama speaks at the 2016 Rutgers Commencement. (John Munson | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com)

11. Tuition tax credit

Taxpayers can claim a deduction of up to $4,000 for tuition and related expenses, but that would end under the Republican bill. Currently, the deduction begins phasing out for those with income of $65,000, or $130,000 for a married couple filing jointly.

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12. Property damage

No longer could damage to property from storms, fire or other disasters, such as from Hurricane Sandy, be deducted.

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13. Tax preparers

The cost of hiring a tax preparer to do a return is deductible for those who itemize. So are the credit card fees for charging tax payments. Both tax breaks would end.

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14. Alimony payments

Those who are divorced could no longer deduct their alimony payments to their former spouses. Those ex-spouses, on the other hand, no longer would have to declare those payments as income and pay taxes on it.

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First grade students socialize prior to walking to their classroom on the first day of school. (Aristide Economopoulos | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com)

15. Credit for school supplies

Elementary and secondary school teachers and aides no longer would be able deduct up to $250 of the cost of books, equipment and other supplies they use in the classroom

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More on taxes

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What Americans think about Trump's tax cut plan

9 big questions about Trump-backed tax plan that could slam N.J.

You probably can't guess why this N.J. Republican may vote no on Trump tax bill

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Jonathan D. Salant may be reached at jsalant@njadvancemedia.com. Follow him on Twitter @JDSalant or on Facebook. Find NJ.com Politics on Facebook.