LONDON — The Polish author Olga Tokarczuk could win a second consecutive Man Booker International Prize, arguably the world’s most significant award for literature translated into English, after she was shortlisted for the honor on Tuesday. Five of this year’s six nominated authors are women.

If Ms. Tokarczuk wins for “Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead,” an unconventional detective novel that also discusses topics like animal rights and the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland, it would be an unusual back-to-back victory for a major literary award. She won last year’s prize for “Flights,” a series of literary vignettes about modern-day travel.

“Flights” was translated by Jennifer Croft, but her new novel was translated from the Polish by Antonia Lloyd-Jones.

The Man Booker International Prize is awarded each year to the best book translated into English and published in Britain or Ireland. It is distinct from the more well-known Booker Prize, for fiction originally published in English, but both carry the same prize money of 50,000 pounds, or about $65,000.