Among them was Frank Ephraim, who arrived in Manila at the age of eight. He recounted his experience in his biography, "Escape to Manila: From Nazi Tyranny to Japanese Terror."

"My father got a lot of positive attention, coming from a place where Jews were exiled and treated so poorly," said his daughter, of his escape from Europe. Frank Ephraim died in 2006.

"The Filipinos were incredibly kind and treated him extremely well. There was an element of something so redemptive."

How the Philippines became a haven

Manuel Quezon, the first president of the Philippine Commonwealth, and a group of Americans that included future U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Freiders, the Jewish-American brothers, became increasingly concerned about the treatment of Jews in Europe during the late 1930s.

"They had a shared view of the world, they were men who understood what was happening in Europe," said Russ Hodge, co-producer of the documentary "Rescue in the Philippines." That documentary was screened in the Philippines with the country's president, Benigno Aquino in attendance last year.

Over poker, the men devised a strategy to bring Jewish refugees to the Philippines.

The Philippines Commonwealth remained under U.S. supervision so it could not accept people who would need public assistance. The refuge committee sought highly skilled professionals such as doctors, mechanics and accountants.

By 1938, a stream of refugees arrived including a rabbi, doctors, chemists and even a conductor, Herbert Zipper, who survived Dachau concentration camp and later became the founder of the Manila Symphony.

Quezon's ambitions to settle 10,000 Jews in the southern island of Mindanao were dashed as the the war arrived to the shores of the Philippines.

A new home in the tropics

For the European Jews who arrived in the Philippines, "it was a cultural shock," said Hershfield. "We didn't know the language. We had never seen any other than white people before."

The humidity was thick, the heat overpowering and the mosquitoes gigantic.

But the young Jewish refugees saw the Philippines as a new adventure. Children climbed mango trees, swam in the bay and learned Filipino songs.

Lotte Cassel (now known as Hershfield) is seen as a teenager in 1946 after surviving both the Nazis and the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.

Hershfield became friends with local neighbors, played sipa (a local kicking game) and relished tropical fruit such as papaya and guava. Life in Manila was running around in sandals and summer clothes. The experience differed for her parents.

"It was very difficult for my parents," she said. "They never really learned Tagalog. They had been westernized and they stayed mostly within their circle of other immigrants."

Many of them lived in crowded community housing where fights would break out. They had gone from being wealthy in Germany to having nothing.

"It wasn't what they'd known before in Germany," Izon said. "At the same time, "they were able to practice their religion, able to intermingle and have businesses."

Hershfield's idyllic days of playing under the Manila sun came to an abrupt end as the war came ashore to the Philippines.

Japanese occupation

We would not be alive today if not for the Philippines. We would've been destroyed in the crematorium. Lotte Hershfield, Jewish refugee to the Philippines

Starting in 1941, the Japanese occupied the Philippines. In some respects, the Jewish refugees were treated considerably better than Filipinos. What ironically protected the Jews was their German passports with the swastikas -- they were viewed as allies.

Ursula and Martha Miodowski fled the Nazis through the Philiippines in 1939. Martha's husband was Jewish, which meant that her daughter's life was also in danger.

"It occurred to me later, that's what kept us from being interned," said Ursula Miodowski, who was 7 years old at the time.

The Japanese interned British and American residents in camps. Filipinos and American soldiers were forced to march 65 miles in the infamous Bataan Death March in which an estimated 10,000 prisoners died.

Japanese officers confiscated residents' homes and also hoarded crops for its military. The local economy shriveled and food became scarce.

Life under the Japanese was hard and brutal, surviving refugees said.

When Allied forces began taking back the Philippines, bombs fell daily. Families hid in bomb shelters, not knowing where the next one would fall. Frank Ephraim spent days hiding in a ditch, shaking with a mattress covering his head. One of Hershfield's friends died after stepping on a mine.

Manila burns following the bombing by the Japanese forces, and the fires set when they left the city as American troops recaptured it, as captured on February 27, 1945.

"Fires were going on all the time," said Hershfield. "You could see the black clouds, smell of bodies, lying there and decaying."

As the Japanese were losing Manila, the imperial troops launched a brutal urban campaign. Rapes, torture, beheadings and bayoneting of civilians were widely reported, so much so that a Japanese general Tomoyuki Yamashita was later executed for having failed to control his troops.

"The Japanese decided to destroy Manila. They were going to give them a dead city, they set about doing that," said Miodowski. "They burned, they killed."

But war time in the Philippines was "preferable to being in a concentration camp," she said.

The monthlong urban street fighting for Manila left the capital in ashes, decimating its economy and infrastructure. The Philippines suffered nearly a million civilian deaths during the war.

Despite the trauma of facing both fronts of the war, Hershfield remains grateful.

"We would not be alive today if not for the Philippines. We would've been destroyed in the crematorium."

Refuge remembered

In 2009, a monument honoring the Philippines was erected at the Holocaust Memorial Park in the Israeli city of Rishon Lezion. The monument, shaped like three open doors, thanks the Filipino people and its president for taking in Jewish refugees during the Holocaust.

Many of the descendants of the Jewish refugees who fled to the Philippines have not forgotten their family's place of refuge.

When Typhoon Haiyan struck the Philippines in November 2013, the disaster brought in relief workers from the American Jewish Distribution Committee.

Danny Pins, who is related to Hershfield and is the son of a Jewish refugee to the Philippines, headed its assessment team.

"For me it was like coming full circle and I couldn't help but think of what it must have been like when my grandparents and mother arrived 76 years ago," he said. "My going to the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan was very special. I was repaying a debt to the country that saved my family."