The U.S. is all but guaranteed to lose its hard-earned spot as the world's number one oil producer this year amid the recent price crash, vanishing demand and a plunge in capital investment, energy experts say. That could mean potentially enormous implications for U.S. foreign policy, as administrations have for decades viewed energy security and national security as being inexorably tied. "If we continue where we are with these low prices, we'll see a big decline in U.S. oil production. It will no longer be number one," Dan Yergin, energy expert and vice chairman of IHS Markit, told CNBC's "Capital Connection" on Monday. The U.S. became the top oil producer globally, surpassing the output of Saudi Arabia and Russia, in 2018 thanks to the shale oil boom. A world increasingly in lockdown over the coronavirus crisis and the oil price war set off between Saudi Arabia and Russia in early March have brought crude prices down more than 65% year-to-date, with global benchmark Brent crude trading at just $22.78 per barrel and West Texas Intermediate at $20.39 per barrel on Monday morning London time, their lowest levels in nearly two decades. Saudi Arabia earlier this month slashed its crude prices, reversing course from boosting prices via production cuts to what some analysts call a "scorched earth" strategy, flooding the market with cheap oil in pursuit of greater global market share. Russia has announced it will in turn increase its own production, leading other OPEC allies of Saudi Arabia like the United Arab Emirates to open their taps once the previously-agreed OPEC+ output cut deal expires on April 1.

A drilling crew secures a stand of drill pipe into the mouse hole on a drilling rig near Midland, Texas February 12, 2019. Nick Oxford | Reuters

But the impact of the price war still pales in comparison to the sheer evisceration of demand brought on by a forced economic shutdown in most of the world in an effort to slow the spread of the coronavirus, which has now killed more than 34,000 people and infected more than 730,000. "We see in this coming month of April what could be a 20 million barrel a day decline in oil demand. It's unprecedented," Yergin said. "That's six times larger than the biggest downturn during the financial crisis period." "I think it's almost a guarantee that this year it will certainly lose that position," Edward Bell, commodities analyst at Dubai-based bank Emirates NBD, told CNBC regarding the U.S.'s top spot. "And it might happen probably a lot faster than we anticipate." The current rate of rig closures in the U.S. means an estimated 750,000 barrel per day decline from the second quarter onward, Bell predicts — taking the country down from an output of some 13 million barrels per day at the year's start to "down below Saudi Arabia or Russia by the end of the year."

US 'doesn't have a lot of tools to address this'

Despite its objections to current Saudi oil policy — which is set to pull prices down even further come April when it ramps up output — there doesn't seem to be much Washington can do about it, according to Yergin, a decades-long veteran of the energy industry. "The U.S. government doesn't have a lot of tools to address this however beyond diplomacy … because oil production is really controlled and regulated by the states," he said. Last week, the State Department issued a statement saying that Secretary of State Mike Pompeo had urged Saudi Arabia, in a call with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, to "rise to the occasion and reassure global energy and financial markets when the world faces serious economic uncertainty."

But so far, an end to the price war is nowhere in sight, with both Moscow and Riyadh insisting that they can live with low oil prices for some time. By contrast, at current prices, higher-cost producers like those in the U.S. shale patch "are already operationally inefficient... and the pain will only get worse," said Ehsan Khoman, director of MENA research at MUFG Bank in Dubai.

Energy security and American foreign policy