Gov. Kate Brown unveiled a $23.6 billion budget proposal Wednesday that plugs holes in state health funding, seeks to gain ground in an ongoing housing crisis, expands access to voting and sets aside millions for challenging the policies of President Donald Trump.

Related: Kate Brown’s Chance To Make Her Mark On Oregon

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Making the case that this is Oregon’s “best chance in a generation to address persistent, structural changes,” Brown’s proposed spending plan also includes a $2 billion challenge to state legislators, listing a host of improvements she’d like to see in the state’s flagging education system — if lawmakers can agree on a way to fund them.

“Governor Brown expects the legislature to reform Oregon’s revenue system to adequately fund our education system,” said a budget overview released by the governor’s office.

The document amounts to a first draft for how Oregon should leverage the state’s general fund and lottery dollars to address the governor’s four main priorities for the 2019–21 biennium: education, health care, housing and climate change. It also includes proposals that stray from those areas.

Some highlights of the spending proposal:

More than $722 million in revenue proposals meant to plug much of a funding gap in the state's Medicaid system. Those include increasing Oregon's tobacco tax by $2 and expanding taxes and assessments on hospitals, insurers and some employers. Brown says the proposal would fund health care in the state for six years.

$406.1 million in proposed spending for housing, including $170 million to build or preserve more than 2,500 units of affordable housing around the state.

$4 million to fight the Trump administration in court. Half of that money would go into an "Oregon Defense Fund" and pay for ongoing and forthcoming lawsuits filed by the state against the federal government. The other half would pay for the defense of immigrants who are in deportation proceedings.

$2.7 million to include prepaid postage for Oregon ballots, eliminating the need for voters to buy stamps if they vote by mail.

A $2 billion "investment package" that stands apart from Brown's formal proposed budget, and charts a course for increasing the length of the school year, decreasing class sizes, expanding access to preschool, and decreasing tuition increases in public universities, among other things.

More than past budgets, Brown’s proposal also includes broader policy ideas the governor would like the Legislature to implement or may do herself.

"I believe that this approach is necessary because we have a lot of work to do over the next few years," Brown said in a press conference Wednesday morning. "Oregon’s state motto is not, 'She rests on her laurels.'" (The state motto is, 'She flies with her own wings.')

Policy proposals include an idea to dismantle the Oregon Department of Energy, and create a new Oregon Climate Authority that could oversee a carbon pricing system lawmakers will take up this session. The proposal says Department of Energy programs would continue under the new OCA, until lawmakers and Brown found them a new home.

Brown says she’ll allow the state’s Chief Education Office, forged under former Gov. John Kitzhaber, to sunset in June. Its functions will instead move directly into Brown’s office. The governor already directly oversees the agency and no change in staffing is anticipated, but the governor's office contends the new arrangement will be more efficient.

Brown is also interested in expanding Oregon's pioneering "motor voter" law, which automatically registers eligible citizens to vote when they obtain or renew a driver's license and is credited with increasing voter participation in the state.

“This advantage should not just be limited to interactions with the Oregon Driver and Motor Vehicles Division,” the budget proposal says. The governor’s office says it will look into extending automatic registration to other agencies — say, when a citizen gets a hunting license or signs up for the Oregon Health Plan.

Brown said Wednesday she hadn't run the idea past Secretary of State Dennis Richardson, who oversees elections in the state.

Kate Brown at the Democratic Party of Oregon 2018 election party on Nov. 6, 2018 in Portland, Oregon. Jonathan Levinson / OPB

Brown's budget proposal reaffirms a commitment to pursue campaign finance reforms she made during a heated re-election campaign this year. The governor plans to land a measure on the ballot in coming years that would pave the way for restrictions on how much candidates could receive or spend. Such restrictions have been deemed unconstitutional in Oregon.

Coming as it does after remarkable economic expansion in the state, Brown's budget includes record revenues from taxes and the Oregon lottery. Current estimates anticipate Oregon will have $23.6 billion to spend next year, a more than $1 billion increase over the current budget.

Roughly 80 percent of that funding, $19 billion, comes from personal income taxes. Another 4 percent is from corporate income taxes, and the lottery accounts for 5 percent of revenues.

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But those rising revenues are not keeping pace with costs — particularly those associated with education and health care. About 50 percent of Brown’s proposed general fund/lottery budget would go to education, and 27 percent would pay for human services.

Related: Oregon House Republicans' New Leader Looking Beyond The 2019 Session

A budget projection issued by state finance officials on Monday predicted the state would have a $623.2 million budget shortfall to grapple with next year. That’s less than the $722 million revenue package Brown has proposed to fund health care.

More than $500 million of that would come from extended or expanded taxes on health care providers like hospitals and health insurers. Brown is also proposing an assessment on some employers who don’t meet certain thresholds for offering health care to employees, many of who wind up on the Oregon Health Plan.

The budget also assumes the state can collect $95 million by hiking tobacco taxes by $2, to about $3.33 for a pack of cigarettes. Brown says the increase would bring Oregon closer in line with California and Washington.

The new taxes Brown's proposing doesn't mean her budget doesn't come with tradeoffs.

George Naughton, the state's chief financial officer, said the governor included $200 million for K-12 schools above what would pay for current service levels. To do so, Brown did not include increases to funding for higher education to match increasing costs. That would change if the Legislature finds the $2 billion in funding the governor has proposed.

"The governor had to make some choices about balancing the resources we had," Naughton said.

Ben Cannon, the executive director of the Oregon Higher Education Coordinating Commission, wrote in a message to staff Wednesday that flat funding and other pieces of Brown's budget framework would constitute "bruising cuts to Oregon higher education, shrinking opportunities for Oregonians to prepare for family-wage careers and reversing six years of steady progress..."

"There is a stark difference between a future of higher education and training in Oregon under a budget that includes the Governor’s investment plan versus one without it," Cannon wrote.

Other reaction to the governor's budget was mixed. Portland Public Schools, the state's largest teachers union, and others put out statements praising Brown's focus on schools funding.

"This is a very positive first step in moving toward funding education at a level that our children deserve, and we thank the governor for that,” Jim Green, executive director of the Oregon School Boards Association, said in a statement.

Others urged caution. The business group Oregon Manufacturers and Commerce said that, while the proposal includes "a much-needed and commendable commitment to greater investment in our public schools," Brown also needs to commit to curbing rising costs connected to the state's public pension system, known as PERS.

"More money alone will not lead to better outcomes for our students," the group's spokesman. Preston Mann, said in a statement. "Any responsible conversation about raising revenue must also include a dialogue about reducing the cost of operating our state government.”

The governor's proposal partly addresses PERS costs by putting forward $100 million to ease the impact of cost increases on school districts. The governor acknowledged though, that it could take up to $1.5 billion to fully offset those rising pension costs. Brown has not put forward a plan for doing so.

Brown’s proposal is a jumping off point for budget discussions that will play out over the course of the legislative session that begins in January. That session is likely to be dominated by a push for new education funding, which has been in the works well before Brown’s call for revenue reform.

This year, a joint committee of lawmakers has conducted a statewide listening tour to determine needs and difficulties faced by school districts. This Joint Committee on Student Success plans to use its findings to propose a package of new taxes and cost-containing measures aimed at fundamentally changing how Oregon pays for K-12 education.

Brown was re-elected earlier this month, and Democrats secured supermajorities — necessary for tax increases — in both the House and Senate.

Listen to OPB political reporter Dirk VanderHart discuss the governor's budget proposal with "All Things Considered" host Kate Davidson in the audio player below.

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