Even after zero unemployment, 180,000 jobs remain in 12 states. Why? Because there is no one living in those states to apply for them, according to the most recent Labor Department data.

Job openings outnumber out-of-work job seekers in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/iowas-employment-problem-too-many-jobs-not-enough-people-1522580400?mod=trending_now_2

“It’s great to have more people working in Wisconsin than ever before, but it creates a challenge,” said Tricia Braun of the Wisconsin Economic Development Corp. “We just essentially need more people.”

https://www.wsj.com/articles/wisconsin-facing-a-worker-shortage-pitches-its-benefits-1518431400

In Minnesota, the State Department of Workforce Development estimates 45,000 job openings without the workforce to fill them by 2024.

https://www.mprnews.org/story/2017/10/05/minnesota-has-more-job-openings-than-unemployed-people