Ukraine said on Sunday it feared unrest could spread beyond territory held by pro-Russian separatists, after an explosion killed two people at a memorial rally in an eastern city far from the front line.

Kyiv said it arrested four people who had been armed and trained in Russia after the blast, which killed a policeman and a demonstrator at the rally in Kharkiv, the biggest city in the east, 200 km from the war zone.

It occurred a week after a ceasefire agreement that Moscow-backed rebels ignored to capture a strategic town, Kyiv and its Western allies are trying to determine whether the separatists will now halt, or advance deeper into territory the Kremlin calls "New Russia".

Germany and France mediated the peace deal that came into effect a week ago, and say they still hope it can be resurrected, even though the rebels ignored it to inflict one of the worst defeats of the war, seizing the town of Debaltseve after encircling thousands of Ukrainian troops.

In signs that there may be at least a pause now that the rebels achieved that objective, government and separatist forces exchanged prisoners overnight. The rebels said on Sunday they would begin withdrawing artillery from the front.

Forensic experts work at the site of an explosion, as the body of a victim is covered with a Ukrainian flag in Kharkiv. About a dozen people were injured in a bomb explosion at a march marking the first anniversary of the ousting of president Viktor Yanukovych, (Andriy Marienko/Associated Press)

But Kyiv said Moscow was moving more troops and armour into eastern Ukraine near a port it fears is the next target. Russia denies it has troops in eastern Ukraine.

'Terrorist scum'

Ukrainians held marches and memorial services on Sunday for 100 people killed a year ago during an uprising that toppled a pro-Russian president and led to the war in which more than 5,500 people have since been killed.

At the rally in Kharkiv, amateur footage posted on the Internet showed a few hundred marchers with Ukrainian flags, who shouted "glory to the heroes!" just before being hit by an explosion. Demonstrators and bystanders, including a woman pushing a baby in a pram, fled in panic. A wounded man in military uniform lay in the snow shouting for help.

This is a brazen attempt to expand the territory of terrorism. - President Petro Poroshenko

"Today is memorial Sunday, but on this day terrorist scum revealed its predatory nature," President Petro Poroshenko said on Facebook. "This is a brazen attempt to expand the territory of terrorism."

A Reuters journalist at the scene later filmed the bodies of two men lying by the road, draped in blue and yellow Ukrainian flags and surrounded by shrapnel.

Demonstrator Igor Rossokha told Reuters Television his friend Igor was one of those killed: "We tried to give him first aid, but the paramedics arrived and said he'd died instantly because he was struck in the heart."

Kyiv has long worried that Russia aims to foment instability far beyond regions now held by separatists. Kharkiv, with 1.4 million people, has occasionally seen violent protests by separatists in the past year but is firmly under Kyiv's control.

Markian Lubkivskyi, an aide to the head of Ukraine's SBU security service, said four arrested suspects planned a series of attacks in the city with a Russian "Shmel" rocket launcher.

Russia-backed separatists walk on the edge of the territory under their control. (Vadim Ghirda/ Associated Press)

"They are Ukrainian citizens, who underwent instruction and received weapons in the Russian Federation, in Belgorod," he told Ukraine's 112 Television. Belgorod is a city across the nearby Russian border from Kharkiv.

Moscow did not immediately respond to the accusations. It has long denied aiding its militant sympathisers in Ukraine.

Attacks

Ukraine's most immediate fear is of an attack on the port of Mariupol near the front, with 500,000 people the biggest government-held city in the two rebellious provinces.

The Ukrainian military said the rebels were pressing on with attacks on government forces nearby, and Moscow was reinforcing.

Spokesman Andriy Lysenko said a military train carrying 60 armoured vehicles including tanks had arrived in the town of Amvrosiivka from Russia on Saturday. A convoy of military equipment had later crossed the border near Novoazovsk, east of Mariupol on the Sea of Azov.

Pro-Russian rebels, released during a prisoner exchange with Ukrainian forces, walk between opposing front lines back to rebel territory on Saturday. (Brendan Hoffman/Getty Images)

He said fighting was in progress at the village of Shyrokyne, east of Mariupol.

"Our soldiers are holding their positions," Lysenko said, adding that there had been a total of 44 attacks by separatists across the conflict zone in the past 24 hours.

Reuters journalists saw a 20-vehicle convoy of separatist military trucks with anti-aircraft missile systems and howitzers heading west from the recently-captured town of Debaltseve.

Still, the rebels are no longer publicly disavowing the ceasefire, as they did at the start of last week when they said it did not apply to Debaltseve, which they captured on Wednesday.

A pro-Russian rebel commander said the separatists would now begin pulling back heavy weapons from the frontline.

"The plan was signed last night ... Starting from today there are two weeks to withdraw heavy weapons," Interfax news agency quoted rebel commander Eduard Basurin as saying. Another Russian news agency, TASS, quoted him as saying the pull-back was still being organised and would take place from Tuesday.

For the Ukrainian side, Lysenko said there was no confirmation yet as to whether the rebels had started pulling back weapons.

An exchange of prisoners overnight was one of the most concrete moves yet to implement the peace deal reached on Feb. 12 in the Belarussian capital Minsk, although similar exchanges in the past have often been followed by further fighting.