Thousands of supporters of jailed opposition leader Alexei Navalny protested across Russia today against planned increases to the pension age, with a rights group saying at least 291 of them had been detained by the police.

The protests, which police sometimes broke up by beating participants with batons and dragging them away, were a challenge to the authorities who were hoping for a high turnout at regional elections also being held today, despite widespread anger over the pension move.

The proposed pension changes, which are currently going through parliament, have shaved around 15 percentage points off President Vladimir Putin's popularity rating. They are the most unpopular government measure since a 2005 move to scrap Soviet-era benefits, which led to nationwide pensioner protests.

Mr Navalny, barred from state TV and prevented from running against Mr Putin for president earlier this year, hopes to tap into public anger over the reform.

Police officers detain a man during a protest in St Petersburg today

He had planned to lead a protest in Moscow today, but a court last month convicted him of breaking protest laws and jailed him for 30 days.

Mr Navalny said the move was designed to derail the protests which took place in more than 80 towns and cities, including Moscow and St Petersburg.

OVD-Info, a rights organisation that monitors detentions, said 291 Navalny supporters had been detained by police today in 19 towns and cities, including some of Mr Navalny's closest aides.

In Moscow, where the authorities had rejected an application from Mr Navalny's supporters to protest, around 2,000 people gathered in the central Pushkin Square, the authorities and reporters estimated.

Riot police ordered them to disperse or face prosecution. Some of the protesters then marched through central Moscow before riot police halted them with metal barriers and sometimes rough detentions.

Despite the nature of the protest, many of those who took part were young.

"I have come here to protest against the pension reform, I have to live in this country and I want to have hope for the future and a good old age," said 22-year-old Nikolai Borodin.

Another protester, Katya Shomnikova, 23, said: "They (the authorities) stole my future life, we will have to correct what's been done. I want a better life for myself and my children."

After being amended by Mr Putin, the reforms envisage raising the retirement age for men to 65 from 60 and to 60 from 55 for women. Average life expectancy for men is 66 and for women 77.

Opinion polls put Mr Navalny's support in the single digits, but backers note he won almost a third of the vote in a 2013 Moscow mayoral race, and believe he could give Mr Putin a run for his money if ever allowed to run against him on a level playing field.

Mr Putin makes a point of never mentioning Mr Navalny by name but has suggested he is Washington's pick for the Russian presidency.

Mr Navalny has likened Mr Putin to an autocratic tsar who has clung to power for too long. The authorities have not registered his Russia of the Future Party.

Elections to select the heads of 26 of Russia's 85 regions were also being held today, including in Moscow.