The MBTA’s aging infrastructure has cost the Boston area 13,155 jobs and a $9 billion hit in wages over six years due to seeming endless commutes and delays, according to a new report.

The report from the American Public Transportation Association cites the T’s $7.3 billion state-of-good-repair backlog as fueling the delays and long commutes that have taken their toll on the region.

In all, U.S. bus and rail systems boast a collective $90 billion repair backlog, the report said. The crumbling systems lead over a six-year period to $340 billion in lost business revenue and 162,000 lost jobs.

The crumbling rail infrastructure adds time to commutes and slows down worker economic output, the report said. Also the fact that businesses locate next to efficient transportation centers impacts workers’ earning potential.

In Massachusetts, the cost of the T’s backlog across the economy hits $15 billion over six years, the report said.

The report highlights that 27 percent of the Boston area’s health care industry takes the T, with 20 percent in science and technology, 14 percent in entertainment and 12 percent in finance also identifying as straphangers.

“The fact that MBTA is able to operate on a daily basis as it exists today is critical to the ongoing vitality of the regional economy,” the report said. “The business community sees the importance of public transit as extending beyond simply managing today’s assets to the potential of future growth and economic activity.”

The T’s failure in the winter of 2015 — which led to immense focus on the repair backlog and a plan to wipe it out in 15 years — is an “instructive example” for transit agencies facing similar backlogs and deciding how to tackle the billions in costs ahead of them, the authors said.

“The most significant question raised by the Boston experience is whether other legacy systems — or the U.S. as a whole — will be able to benefit from Boston’s experience to make strategic (state of good repair) investments over time,” the report said.

Since the system’s storm failures, the T has increased its spending on the repair backlog every year, “reversing a pre-2015 pattern,” spokesman Joe Pesaturo said.

Next year, nearly $1 billion in capital funds will be spent on service reliability projects and modernization work, Pesaturo said. Hundreds of new subway cars on three lines are on the way over the next four years.