Power Density Reported Biological Effects References: Primary/(Secondary)

0.00001 μW/m2 Altered EEG in human subjects Brise 1978 (Firstenberg, Bevington)

0.0001 μW/m2 Effects on immune system in mice Bundyuk 1994 (Firstenberg)

0.0002 μW/m2 Stimulation of ovulation in chickens Kondra 1970 (Firstenberg)

0.05 μW/m2 Effect on cell growth in yeast Grundler 1992 (Firstenberg)

0.1 μW/m2 Conditioned “avoidance” reflex in rats Kositsky 2001 (Firstenberg)

~7 μW/m2 (0.05V/m) Adverse health effects around GSM 1800 Eger / Naila study (Bevington)

20 μW/m2 Sleep disorders, abnormal blood pressure, nervousness, weakness, fatigue, limb pain, joint pain, digestive problems, fewer schoolchildren promoted—controlled study near a shortwave transmitter Altpeter 1995, 1997 (Firstenberg)

20 to 7000μW/m2 Behavior disorders, increased health problems, and reduced milk yield in cows near TV and cell phone transmission antenna Loscher W, Kas G 1998 (Lai)

100 μW/m2 A study of medical complaints of people with long-term exposure in their homes: Over 100 µW/m2 only 5-6% of the sample (172 people) did not experience adverse health effects. Oberfranken 2005

600 μW/m2 Altered EEG, disturbed carbohydrate metabolism, enlarged adrenals, altered adrenal hormone levels, structural changes in liver, spleen, testes, and brain—in white rats and rabbits Dumanskij 1974 (Firstenberg)

600 μW/m2 Slowing of the heart, change in EEG in rabbits Serkyuk, reported in McRee 1980 (Firstenberg)

1 mW/m2 (0.6V/m) X3 cancer rate at <400m from a phone mast Eger (Naila study) 2004 (Bevington)

1 to 18 mW/m2 Decreased life span, impaired reproduction, structural and developmental abnormalities in duckweed plants Magone 1996 (Firstenberg)

1.3 mW/m2 Decreased cell growth (human epithelial amnion cells) Kwee 1997 (Firstenberg)

1.68 – 10.53 mW/m2 Irreversible infertility in mice after 5 generations of exposure to RFR from "antenna park" Magras & Xenos, 1997 (Sage, Lai)

1.6 mW/m2 (0.78V/m) Skrunda radar (Latvia) affects children’s memory, attention, motor function Kolodynski, 1996 (Sage, Bevington)

<2.7 mW/m2 (<1V/m) <350m phone mast: x4 cancer, x10 female cancer Wolf & Wolf 2004 (Bevington)

<2.7 mW/m2 (<1V/m) 3G phone mast: cognitive impairment, muscular pains, headaches, dizziness,

Zwamborn 2003 (Bevington)

~2.7mW/m2 to 6.0 mW/m2 (~1.0-1.5 V/m) < 400m phone mast : x3 risk of cancer 10 years Navarro 2003, Oberfeld 2004, Santini 2002 (Bevington)

2 - 80 mW/m2 Two-fold increase in childhood leukemia / RFR exposure to AM/FM towers Hocking, 1996 (Sage, Lai)

3-16.4 mW/m2 Children exposed to 154 to 162 MHz had a reduction in memory/attention, motor runction, and reflexes compared to controls (Santini)

6 mW/m2 Change in calcium ion efflux from brain tissue Dutta 1986 (Firstenberg)

6 mW/m2 Cardiac arrhythmias and sometimes cardiac arrest (frogs) Frey 1968 (Firstenberg)

8 and 80 mW/m2 Increased activity of alkaline phosphatase activity in guinea pigs (2375 MHz) Pashovkina MS et al, 2000 (Lai)

10 mW/m2 Whole body microwave irradiation of male mice caused a significant effect on the immune system Fesenko, 1999 (Sage, Lai)

10 mW/m2 Irradiation (5 hours) with low-power microwaves stimulates the immune potential of macrophages and T cells Novoselova, 1999 (Sage, Lai)

10 mW/m2 Headache, dizziness, irritability, fatigue, weakness, insomnia, chest pain, difficulty breathing, indigestion (humans—occupational exposure) Simonenko 1998 (Firstenberg)

10 mW/m2 Stimulation of white cells in guinea pigs Shandala 1978 (Firstenberg)

10 – 24 mW/m2 Chronic irradiation of American Embassy in Moscow of 600 MHz to 9.5 GHz resulted in increased risk of leukemia and uterine cancer (Santini)

13 - 57 mW/m2 Two-fold increase in leukemia in adults from AM RF exposure Dolk, 1997 (Sage)

20 mW/m2 “Microwave hearing”—clicking, buzzing, chirping, hissing, or high-pitched tones Frey 1963, 1969,1971, 1973, 1988, Justeson 1979, Olsen 1980, Wieske 1963, Lin 1978 (Firstenberg)

25 mW/m2 Breakdown of blood-brain barrier (used a digital cellular phone to provide the radiation) Salford 1997 (Firstenberg)

-40 mW/m2 Altered white blood cell activity in schoolchildren Chiang 1989 (Firstenberg)

~20-40 mW/m2 Direct effect of RFR on ion channels in cells/opening of acetycholine channels D'Inzeo, 1988 (Sage)

40-100 mW/m2 Visual reaction time in children is slowed//lower memory function in tests Chiang, 1989 (Sage)

~50 – 100 mW/m2 (4.3-6.1V/m) x10 leukaemia, x6 NHL Szmigielski 1996 (Bevington)

50 mW/m2 Exposure of pregnant rats to GSM-like 940 MHz radiation results in aberrant expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in the kidneys of newborn rats Pyrpasopoulou et al, 2004 (Panagopoulos-Margaritis)

50-1200 mW/m2 Increased mortality of avian embryos Xenos and Magras, 2003 (Panagopoulos-Margaritis)

50 mW/m2 Biochemical and histological changes in liver, heart, kidney, and brain tissue Belokrinitskiy l982 (Firstenberg)

50 - 100 mW/m2 Impaired nervous system activity Dumansky, 1974 (Sage, Bevington)

50 mW/m2 Leukemia, skin melanoma and bladder cancer near TV and FM transmitter Dolk 1997 (Firstenberg)

66 mW/m2 (5V/m) D ecreased sperm count Adey 1982 (Bevington)

100 mW/m2 Decreased size of litter, increased number of stillborns in mice Il’Chevich (reported in McRee 1980) (Firstenberg)

100 mW/m2 Redistribution of metals in the lungs, brain, heart, liver, kidney, muscles, spleen, bones, skin, blood Shutenko 1981 (Firstenberg)

100 mW/m2 (0.0027 W/Kg SAR) Changes in active avoidance conditioned reflex (behavioral change) after 0.5 hour exposure Navakatikian, 1994 (Sage)

100-200 mW/m2 Increase in micronuclei (abberant DNA form) found in workers chronically exposed to microwaves at 1250-1350 MHz. Garaj-Vrhovac, 1999 (Sage, Bevington)

100 - 250 mW/m2 Changes in the hippocampus of the brain Belokrinitsky, 1982 (Sage)

200 mW/m2 900 MHz pulsed with 217 Hz result in slight transient elevation in cortisol production Mann, K et al 1998 (Lai)

300 mW/m2 (0.015 W/Kg SAR) Immune system effects - elevation of PFC count (antibody-producing cells) Veyret, 1991 (Sage)



500 mW/m2 An 18% reduction in REM sleep (important to memory and learning functions) Mann, 1996 (Sage)

1000mW/m2 Changes in immune system function Elekes, 1996 (Sage)

1000 mW/m2 (0.027 W/Kg SAR) A 24% drop in testosterone after 6 hours exposure Navakatikian, 1994 (Sage)