Trial of Orlando Tercero in the killing of a student in New York is taking place in a court in Nicaragua.

Witnesses have gathered in a small city in upstate New York over the past three weeks to testify in the trial of a man accused of strangling a young nursing student. But there is no jury, no American judge and the man accused is seated next to his defence lawyer 3,540 kilometres (2,200 miles) away, in Nicaragua.

In an exceedingly rare legal proceeding, the trial of former Binghamton University student Orlando Tercero in the 2018 killing of 22-year-old Haley Anderson is being held at a court in Managua, Nicaragua, with a Nicaraguan prosecutor and a Nicaraguan judge applying Nicaraguan law.

American prosecutors have no authority over the trial, but the Broome County District Attorney’s office in New York is deeply involved as a facilitator for witness testimony. The witnesses have testified, with the help of a translator, via a video link from a room in the district attorney’s office in downtown Binghamton.

Authorities say Tercero, now 23, strangled Anderson at his off-campus residence in Binghamton in March 2018. Anderson, who was from Westbury on Long Island, was found dead in Tercero’s bed. The two college students had a romantic relationship but Tercero wanted a more serious relationship, according to trial testimony.

Tercero killed Anderson and fled to Nicaragua, which rejected an extradition request from the United States, according to authorities. Broome County District Attorney Steve Cornwell said the Nicaraguan trial may be the only way to get justice. Tercero is a dual citizen of the US and Nicaragua.

“We have a duty and a responsibility to see this through whatever court process we can,” Cornwell said.

The spectacle of a person being tried in another country under a foreign legal system for a killing that took place on US soil is unusual, but not unprecedented.

Last year, a Cuban man was tried, convicted and sentenced to 20 years under the Cuban legal system in the killing of a doctor in Florida. Unlike the New York case, a Palm Beach County investigator travelled to Cuba for Marcos Yanes Gutierrez’s trial and testified in person for the court proceedings, said Florida assistant state lawyer Aleathea McRoberts.

“The trial was very similar to our own system,” said McRoberts, who also travelled for the trial.

McRoberts said allowing Gutierrez to evade punishment by simply fleeing to another country was “unacceptable”. There is still an American warrant for Gutierrez’s arrest, but it is unlikely to ever be served because the US cannot force him to be extradited, she said.

Meanwhile, Tercero’s trial began in Nicaragua earlier this month and has included two days of testimony so far. There is no jury and the verdict will be decided by a judge.

“We will argue against the proof,” Tercero’s defence lawyer said, according to an interpreter, the Press & Sun-Bulletin reported earlier this month.

During the latest day of testimony on October 11, Tercero was clad in a blue prisoner’s uniform, speaking with his lawyer from time to time and sometimes smiling silently. Three prison officers dressed in black stood behind them, carrying firearms.

Tercero’s mother, Martha Moreno, also attended. When the judge called a recess, the defendant was allowed to approach Moreno. They hugged and held a whispered conversation.

That same day, in Binghamton, a police investigator testified via the video link that Tercero left a note at his residence saying he was sorry. Down the hall, Anderson’s friends and supporters watched the bright and grainy livestream from a wood-panelled viewing room.

Legal experts said Tercero could still be prosecuted for the killing under the American legal system, if he is ever extradited, even if he is acquitted in Nicaragua.

The trial comes just months after the Trump administration levelled sanctions against some Nicaraguan officials, including National Assembly President Gustavo Porras. The move was related to a violent crackdown on street demonstrations in the Central American country last year. At least 325 people died in the crackdown, according to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.

Before that round of sanctions, the US. had already imposed sanctions against Vice President Rosario Murillo – who is married to President Daniel Ortega – and other Nicaraguan officials.

“It’s at a moment when there’s obviously a lot of tension between the U.S. and Nicaragua,” said Geoff Thale, vice president for programmes at the Washington Office on Latin America, a human rights research and advocacy organisation.

Prosecuting Tercero could be a show of good faith from Nicaragua, he said.

But the Nicaraguan legal system does not have a strong reputation on the world stage, Thale said, and local judges can be subject to corruption, threats and bribery.

Managua, located on the shores of Lake Xolotlan and where the trial is taking place, is Nicaragua’s capital and largest city, with about 1.8 million inhabitants. It is also the centre of political power.

A 2019 report from the World Justice Project ranked Nicaragua as 114 out of 126 countries and jurisdictions in a rule of law index. The list is based off factors that include fundamental rights, the absence of corruption, regulatory enforcement and civil justice, among others.

Cornwell, the Broome County district lawyer, stopped short of giving a full endorsement of the Nicaraguan system, but did not raise any pressing concerns about the integrity of the court proceedings.

“To this point, we’ve seen professionalism,” he said of the Nicaraguan judge and prosecutor.