The uncertainties led investors around the world to sell stocks on Monday. As the midnight deadline passed in the United States, the Nikkei 225 in Tokyo lurched lower, eroding much of its morning gains before climbing again soon after on news that a consumption tax increase — seen as key to sustaining Japan’s strained finances — would be implemented. By the close, the index was up 0.2 percent on the day.

In European trading, the Euro Stoxx 50 index, a barometer of euro zone blue chips, closed up 1.2 percent, while the FTSE 100 index in London ended down 0.2 percent. The bond and foreign exchange markets were quiet.

Market confidence was also buoyed by a closely watched quarterly business survey — the Tankan, compiled by the Japanese central bank — which showed that corporate sentiment had improved significantly in the three months to September. The Tankan’s headline index, measuring sentiment among big manufacturers, rose to 12 in September from 4 in June, beating analyst expectations and showing that Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s efforts to pump up the economy are bearing fruit.

The markets in mainland China and Hong Kong were closed for a national holiday, but in Singapore, the Straits Times index edged up about 0.4 percent and the key indexes in Taiwan and South Korea closed up 0.1 percent. In Australia, the S.&P./ASX 200 slipped 0.2 percent after the Australian central bank decided to leave benchmark interest rates unchanged, as expected.

Wall Street, however, was more worried that the clash on the government shutdown could be a harbinger of fights over the government’s borrowing limit.

The Treasury Department has estimated that it will no longer be able to issue new bonds after Oct. 17 without authorization from Congress. Several Tea Party Republicans have said they will not agree to lift the so-called debt ceiling without the White House making several compromises — something the White House has said it will refuse to do. If there is no agreement, the government would be forced to immediately operate on a balanced budget and could default on its debt — something that has never happened before.

“I’ve got no basis for guessing what would happen there because it would be unprecedented,” said Russ Koesterich, the chief investment strategist for BlackRock.