MIAMI — A fight over Medicaid expansion among Republicans in the Florida Legislature turned rancorous Tuesday after the House of Representatives adjourned three days early, leaving in limbo the state’s $77 billion budget, a trail of unfinished bills and an unresolved feud with the Senate over the federal program.

The surprise announcement means that the House speaker and Senate president, both Republicans, must agree to a special session. They must also overcome their differences on Medicaid expansion — the House opposes it, the Senate supports it — to finish the state’s budget by the June 30 deadline.

“Never before has a budget come to a total standstill over policy differences between these two chambers,” the House speaker, Steve Crisafulli, said as he stood in the chamber.

Intensifying the battle, Gov. Rick Scott filed a lawsuit, as promised, against the Obama administration on Tuesday, accusing the federal government of trying to “coerce” the state into accepting Medicaid expansion, which is part of the Affordable Care Act. The lawsuit claims that such action violated a 2012 Supreme Court ruling that made the program voluntary for states.