From the get-go, one thing is clear about visiting the Nestlé Waters Canada bottling plant nestled among the farm fields and woodlots near Aberfoyle, Ont.: Nestlé is a company that believes in rules.

Nestlé Waters Canada may not be stealing public water, as some of its more hostile critics claim, but as Colin Butler writes, it is getting away with what some call a steal of a deal when it comes to an essential resource. 2:32 The first thing that greets anyone who enters the complex is a sign explaining Rule One about parking at Nestlé: all visitors and employees must back into their spots, for safety reasons. No exceptions.

56 million cases per year

Rules were a theme throughout the tour: hard hat, neon safety vest, steel toe footwear were all required equipment as we perused the inner workings of the factory. So was hearing protection, to shield us from the thunderous hum of the machinery responsible for the inhuman task of bottling and packaging 56 million cases of water every year.

We even had to remove our wedding rings against almost the imperceptibly small chance a finger could be caught in the apparatus.

At Nestle's Aberfoyle plant, plastic bottles start out as test tube-like objects (right), before they're heated and filled with air in order to blown up to full size (left). (Colin Butler/CBC News) The Nestlé observance of rules and structure may be a major factor in why no one there seems to understand the level of hostility leveled against them by critics and increasingly, the public.

'Aggressive'

"It's gotten pretty aggressive. This year is the most aggressive I've ever seen it," said Eman Remthai, Nestlé's Human Resources manager at the Aberfoyle plant.

She said the public backlash comes every five years, when the company renews its provincial permit to draw local ground water. Each cycle, media works as a conduit for that public hostility, channeled in its most turbulent form through social media such as Facebook and Twitter, even local radio stations.

"We had a couple of employees who were pretty distraught because one of the local radio stations said that Nestlé employees should go out and find another job," she said.

One-litre bottles of springwater move along an assembly line by the thousands inside Nestle's Aberfoyle bottling plant. (Colin Butler/CBC News) While the company's permit to take 3.6 million litres of ground water daily from its Aberfoyle site is under provincial review, it's unlikely the province will give in to the demand by environmentalists to rescind it all together.

Hottest, driest summer in decade

What has some groups so upset is that Nestlé continued to pump millions of litres of water daily from local aquifers during one of the hottest, driest summers in the last decade.

There was so little rain this summer that Agriculture Canada declared the area to be under "moderate drought." In the nearby city of Guelph, Ont. homeowners faced a fine of $130 for watering their lawn. While crops wilted and lawns yellowed, Nestlé continued to bottle.

However, the company did voluntarily scale back production by 20 per cent in response to an announcement by the Grand River Conservation Authority that this summer's drought conditions were causing abnormally low surface water flows.

Some environmental groups claim levels in local wells have dipped as much as 1.5 metres because of Nestle's operations, but the food giant counters with 15 years of data from 80 monitoring sites showing little to no effect on groundwater supply as a result of its bottling. (CBC File Photo) Several environmental groups, such as Wellington Water Watchers, the Council of Canadians and Save Our Water, claim Nestlé's Aberfoyle operation has led local aquifers to drop by as much as 1.5 metres.

Nestlé says it's sustainable

Nestlé says the critics' water reading comes from a single site and is too small a sample to say anything conclusive about the state of groundwater in the area.

"For instance, a private well, the levels fluctuate daily when you turn your well on and off, by up to four to seven metres. It's not uncommon," Nestlé's chief hydrologist Andreanne Simard said, noting she lives in Aberfoyle and draws on a local well for tap water at home.

"I think we need to look at the big picture," she said, noting her company has 15 years of data taken from 80 sample points along the Grand River watershed.

Andreanne Simard is Nestle's chief hydrologist, her job is to ensure the food giant's bottling operations are sustainable in order to preserve ground water "forever." (Jon Castell/CBC News) She measures it herself using instruments that record water temperature, colour, flow, gradient. It's all monitored to protect the company's liquid assets.

Profit margin

"I'm here to make sure we're operating in a sustainable way," she said. "That we're not showing any negative declining trends in the surrounding ecosystem, the neighbouring wells and making sure the groundwater resource is sustainable and there forever."

And why not? Forever is a long time and ground water is a cash cow for Nestlé.

You don't need sophisticated instruments to calculate the spread between what Nestlé charges for its product, which can retail anywhere from $1.00 to $2.50 per bottle of water, and what it pays for the contents: $3.71 for every one million litres.

Bottled water represents big profits for Nestle. It pays $3.71 for every 1,000,000 litres of groundwater it takes, while bottles retail anywhere from $1 to $2.50 each. (CBC) That's a big markup and likely acts to fuel the fire of public resentment erupting whenever Nestlé applies to renew its provincial permit to pump water.

'Not our job'

"The price of water is set by the government," stated Nestlé Waters executive Catherine O'Brien. "It's not our job to set the price or even input on the price."

The price Nestlé pays, along with its permit, is now part of a wide review by the provincial government, looking at Ontario water rules that are more than three decades old. Rules that Nestlé, being the rule-obsessed corporation it is, is more than happy to follow until they change.

However, even Nestlé Waters thinks there's an opportunity to make meaningful change in a system that doesn't seem to make sense.

Catherine O'Brien is the Vice-President of Corporate Affairs for Nestlé Canada. She says it's not her company's job to set the price for public water. (Jon Castell/CBC News) "I think the opportunity is to look at it in the broader sense," O'Brien said, noting the bottled water industry makes up less than one per cent of water use in the province.

"So if your interest really is in having a comprehensive review of who's using water, when and how, it would make most sense to look at it in broader sense than just bottled water."

O'Brien has a point, and what might be surprising is, it's the same point many environmental groups who want to put her out of business are making: Ontario needs clear and fair rules over how we pay for and use public water.