The study alleges that another Huawei engineer, who has worked in Europe, was also linked, according to his own CV, to being a ‘representative’ of the Ministry of State Security (MSS), China’s intelligence and security agency, responsible for counter-intelligence, foreign intelligence and political security. According to the joint analysis of the employee’s CV by the Henry Jackson Society and Prof Balding, the Huawei engineer “served as a Ministry of State Security representative working for Huawei”.

The report adds: “It is important to note that the Chinese Ministry of State Security is the primary entity responsible for espionage and counter-intelligence," and goes on: “It should raise immediate concern that MSS assets are working on networking equipment as representative agents for Huawei.”

A 38-year-old senior Huawei engineer, according to another CV, had previously worked on the so-called Golden Shield Project, which has been described by Bloomberg as “a database-driven surveillance system capable of accessing every citizen’s record and connecting China’s security organisations”. The Golden Shield Project, also known as the Great Firewall of China, is China’s attempt to control internet censorship and undertake online surveillance.

Another CV discloses the working life of a Huawei telecoms engineer who is involved in development of 5G ‘base station’ systems for the company but who on his CV, according to the Henry Jackson Society, says he is unable to comment in depth on his previous employment “due to the involvement of military secrets”.

The engineer writes on his CV: “After graduating I worked in the military communications industry in a military industrial enterprise.” The study alleges that the engineer was employed by Chinese Army’s Factory 6909 up to 2005 before joining Huawei. Factory 6909 is described “as responsible for the manufacture of ‘electronic countermeasures equipment’.”

Prof Balding said: “These CVs are a treasure trove. We extracted Huawei specific CVs and what we believe we found is a strong relationship between Huawei and all levels of the Chinese state, Chinese military and Chinese intelligence. This to me appears to be a systemised, structural relationship.”

Charles Parton, a British diplomat who spent much of his career in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan and is now a senior associate fellow at Royal United Services Institute, said: “These cases cited by the Henry Jackson Society’s material from Huawei appear to give the lie to Huawei’s claim that there is no evidence that they help the Chinese intelligence services. This gun is smoking.”

Mr Parton added: “What is surprising about all this is that anyone should find it surprising. Intelligence services always want, and often get, help from telecommunications companies. The same is surely the case in the US or Europe. The differences are two: the Chinese Communist Party can make demands without restraint, and they can do so without any accountability.”

Dr John Hemmings, Director of the Asia Studies Centre at the Henry Jackson Society, told the Telegraph: “Despite repeatedly claiming to not collaborate with the PLA or Chinese security services, this data trove indicates a cross-over and interaction between Huawei, its staff and these very bodies."

Huawei denied the claims. Ed Brewster, a spokesman for Huawei, said: "Obviously it's hard for us to comment on a report we've never seen, but we reiterate that Huawei does not work on military or intelligence projects for the Chinese Government."

He added: "It appears that the information in this report is not new and is not secret, being freely available on LinkedIn and other career web sites. It is also not unusual that Huawei, in common with other tech companies around the world, employs people who have come from public service and worked in government. We are far more competitive thanks to our colleagues' previous experiences. We are proud of their backgrounds and we are open about them."