AVX-512 Auto-Vectorization in MSVC

Rui

February 27th, 2020

In Visual Studio 2019 version 16.3 we added AVX-512 support to the auto-vectorizer of the MSVC compiler. This post will show some examples and help you enable it in your projects.

What is the auto vectorizer?

The compiler’s auto vectorizer analyzes loops in the user’s source code and generates vectorized code for a vectorization target where feasible and beneficial.

static const int length = 1024 * 8; static float a[length]; float scalarAverage() { float sum = 0.0; for (uint32_t j = 0; j < _countof(a); ++j) { sum += a[j]; } return sum / _countof(a); }

For example, if I build the code above using cl.exe /O2 /fp:fast /arch:AVX2 targeting AVX2, I get the following assembly. The lines 11-15 are the vectorized loop using ymm registers. The lines 16-21 are to calculate the scalar value sum from vector values coming out of the vector loop. Please note the number of iterations of the vector loop is only 1/8 of the scalar loop, which usually translates to improved performance.

?scalarAverage@@YAMXZ (float __cdecl scalarAverage(void)): 00000000: push ebp 00000001: mov ebp,esp 00000003: and esp,0FFFFFFF0h 00000006: sub esp,10h 00000009: xor eax,eax 0000000B: vxorps xmm1,xmm1,xmm1 0000000F: vxorps xmm2,xmm2,xmm2 00000013: nop dword ptr [eax] 00000017: nop word ptr [eax+eax] 00000020: vaddps ymm1,ymm1,ymmword ptr ?a@@3PAMA[eax] 00000028: vaddps ymm2,ymm2,ymmword ptr ?a@@3PAMA[eax+20h] 00000030: add eax,40h 00000033: cmp eax,8000h 00000038: jb 00000020</span> 0000003A: vaddps ymm0,ymm2,ymm1 0000003E: vhaddps ymm0,ymm0,ymm0 00000042: vhaddps ymm1,ymm0,ymm0 00000046: vextractf128 xmm0,ymm1,1 0000004C: vaddps xmm0,xmm1,xmm0 00000050: vmovaps xmmword ptr [esp],xmm0</span> 00000055: fld dword ptr [esp] 00000058: fmul dword ptr [__real@39000000] 0000005E: vzeroupper 00000061: mov esp,ebp 00000063: pop ebp 00000064: ret

What is AVX-512?

AVX-512 is a family of processor extensions introduced by Intel which enhance vectorization by extending vectors to 512 bits, doubling the number of vector registers, and introducing element-wise operation masking. You can detect support for AVX-512 using the __isa_available variable, which will be 6 or greater if AVX-512 support is found. This indicates support for the F(Foundational) instructions, as well as instructions from the VL, BW, DQ, and CD extensions which add additional integer vector operations, 128-bit and 256-bit operations with the additional AVX-512 registers and masking, and instructions to detect address conflicts with scatter stores. These are the same instructions that are enabled by /arch:AVX512 as described below. These extensions are available on all processors with AVX-512 that Windows officially supports. More information about AVX-512 can be found in the following blog posts that we published before.

How to enable AVX-512 vectorization?

/arch:AVX512 is the compiler switch to enable AVX-512 support including auto vectorization. With this switch, the auto vectorizer may vectorize a loop using instructions from the F, VL, BW, DQ, and CD extensions in AVX-512.

To build your application with AVX-512 vectorization enabled:

In the Visual Studio IDE, you can either add the flag /arch:AVX512 to the project Property Pages > C/C++ > Command Line > Additional Options text box or turn on /arch:AVX512 by choosing Advanced Vector Extension 512 following Project Properties > Configuration Properties > C/C++ > Code Generation > Enable Enhanced Instruction Set > Advanced Vector Extension 512 (/arch:AVX512). The second approach is available in Visual Studio 2019 version 16.4.

If you compile from the command line using cl.exe, add the flag /arch:AVX512 before any /link options.

If I build the prior example again using cl.exe /O2 /fp:fast /arch:AVX512, I’ll get the following assembly targeting AVX-512. Similarly, the lines 7-11 are the vectorized loop. Note the loop is vectorized with zmm registers instead of ymm registers. With the expanded width of zmmx registers, the number of iterations of the AVX-512 vector loop is only half of its AVX2 version.

?scalarAverage@@YAMXZ (float __cdecl scalarAverage(void)): 00000000: push ecx 00000001: vxorps xmm0,xmm0,xmm0 00000005: vxorps xmm1,xmm1,xmm1 00000009: xor eax,eax 0000000B: nop dword ptr [eax+eax] 00000010: vaddps zmm0,zmm0,zmmword ptr ?a@@3PAMA[eax] 0000001A: vaddps zmm1,zmm1,zmmword ptr ?a@@3PAMA[eax+40h] 00000024: sub eax,0FFFFFF80h 00000027: cmp eax,8000h 0000002C: jb 00000010 0000002E: vaddps zmm1,zmm0,zmm1 00000034: vextractf32x8 ymm0,zmm1,1 0000003B: vaddps ymm1,ymm0,ymm1 0000003F: vextractf32x4 xmm0,ymm1,1 00000046: vaddps xmm1,xmm0,xmm1 0000004A: vpsrldq xmm0,xmm1,8 0000004F: vaddps xmm1,xmm0,xmm1 00000053: vpsrldq xmm0,xmm1,4 00000058: vaddss xmm0,xmm0,xmm1 0000005C: vmovss dword ptr [esp],xmm0 00000061: fld dword ptr [esp] 00000064: fmul dword ptr [__real@39000000] 0000006A: vzeroupper 0000006D: pop ecx 0000006E: ret

Closing remarks

For this release, we aim at achieving parity with /arch:AVX2 in terms of vectorization capability. There are still many things that we plan to improve in future releases. For example, our next AVX-512 improvement will take advantage of the new masked instructions. Subsequent updates will support embedded broadcast, scatter, and 128-bit and 256-bit AVX-512 instructions in the VL extension.

As always, we’d like to hear your feedback and encourage you to download Visual Studio 2019 to try it out. If you encounter any issue or have any suggestion for us, please let us know through Help > Send Feedback > Report A Problem / Suggest a Feature in Visual Studio IDE, or via Developer Community, or or Twitter @visualc.