Earlier this month, the Federal Election Commission released the first batch of financial disclosures for the 2016 candidates.

As usual, the fundraising figures have received a great deal of scrutiny: How much money did each candidate raise? And where did it come from?

This post is about the other side of campaign finance: Where is all that money being spent?

The data covers only three months, April 1st through June 30th. But even at this early stage, it tells some very clear stories about who these candidates are and their strategies for winning the race.

Where each campaign is spending its money (details below)

Hillary Clinton

Amount raised: $47.5M / Amount spent: $18.7M

Hillary is preparing to go big.

At this early stage of the race, her expense report already lists 344 individuals on her payroll. For comparison, the next biggest team is Jeb’s with 58 people.

And she looks to be making room to grow the team even more. The Campaign’s financials include “rent” payments for 26 different locations, including her new 80,000 square foot Brooklyn office.

Hillary’s technology is leagues ahead of everyone else.

I was genuinely impressed to see some of the tech companies her campaign is working with. Her expenses include payments to Github, Slack, Bitly, Optimizely, and even Kaggle, a website that hosts data science competitions.

How can you not be impressed with a campaign that hires a dedicated data visualization analyst?

Oddest expense:

A $275k payment to “Correct the Record” for the purpose of “research.”

According to its website, Correct the Record is “a strategic research and rapid response team designed to defend Hillary Clinton from baseless attacks.” The website also includes this disclaimer:

“Paid For By Correct The Record. Not authorized by any candidate or candidate’s committee.”

I’m no campaign finance expert, but if the money came from the Clinton campaign, isn’t it the Clinton Campaign who paid for it?

Ben Carson

Amount raised: $10.6M / Amount spent: $5.9M

He spent a lot on media, mostly direct mail.

Carson has spent $3M on media thus far. Of that amount, $1.9M went to two third-party direct mail firms: TMA Direct and Action Mailers Inc.

Carson has a thing for music.

In his first three months campaigning, Carson racked up an unusually large list of expenses for “musical entertainment.” They include:

Performances at his presidential announcement by the “classical contemporary vocal group” Veritas ( $9,420 ) as well as the Selected of God Choir ( $15,500 )

) as well as the Selected of God Choir ( ) Music by hip-hop producer Alexi Von Guggenberg ( $20,000 ) for a campaign video entitled Heal Inspire Revive

) for a campaign video entitled Heal Inspire Revive An $18,750 payment to another hip hop producer, Kevin “Khao” Cates who, according to the Wall Street Journal, recorded a campaign theme song for Carson called “Breath of Fresh Air.”

payment to another hip hop producer, Kevin “Khao” Cates who, according to the Wall Street Journal, recorded a campaign theme song for Carson called “Breath of Fresh Air.” A payment of $5,250 to Music 2 Link Us Productions, a company that assists event planners “in locating and obtaining the artist of your choice for your event.”

As the Sun Times describes it, “…the Carson campaign is rolling like Vince from “Entourage””

Ted Cruz

Amount raised: $18.7M / Amount spent: $6.2M

Like Carson, Cruz spent nearly all of his media dollars on direct mail.

His expense report lists a total of $1.8M spent on media:

$507k of it went to pay for “list rentals.“

of it went to pay for “list rentals.“ Another $835M was spent on “postage.“

was spent on “postage.“ An additional $234k paid for “printing/postage.“

When it comes to travel the Cruz campaign does appear to favor new technology.

100% of their car service expenses were from Uber. It is the only campaign whose expenses include no traditional taxis.

Cruz is spending big on strategy.

Cruz’s expenses include $771k for the stated purpose of “strategic consulting. The spend is split between 20 different individuals / businesses,

Oddest expenses:

$1,233 for grilled cheese from the Golden Grill Food Truck.

Jeb Bush

Amount raised: $11.4M / Amount spent: $3.1M

Relative to the size of his staff, Jeb spent a lot on rent and equipment.

Despite having a payroll of just 58 people, the campaign is paying $77k in monthly rent for a 30,000 square foot Miami office. Per person, that’s 517 square feet, more area than many Manhattan apartments.

The campaign also spent $371k on “computer equipment,” which comes out to over $5,000 per person.

The campaign financials only cover expenses that were made before June 30th, and Jeb only announced his candidacy on June 15th. So it seems likely these expenses reflect an operation that is still ramping up.

Oddest expense:

A $3,889 bill from the ultra-luxury Mandarin Oriental Hotel in Miami. Based on the rest of his expenses, Jeb doesn’t appear to be splurging on personal luxuries, but it looks like he made an exception for his trip to Miami.

Bernie Sanders

Amount raised: $15.2M / Amount spent: $3.1M

Bernie is frugal with travel expenses, and pretty much everything else.

His campaign regularly travels by Amtrak rather than by air, and their hotel choices are modest, as evidenced by a June stay in Motel 6.

The Sanders campaign spent most of its money on media, mostly digital.

In the Campaign’s first three months, it spent $1.9M on media. Of that amount, $1.2M went to a 3rd party business called Revolution Messaging, whose web site describes it as a “full-service digital agency fighting for progressive causes.”

Oddest expense:

Eight “computer equipment” purchases ranging from $129 to $460.

My first thought was that the campaign must not place a high value on technology. But looking closer I think it’s just the opposite.

Some of the equipment was bought at Crucial.com, a store that sells solid state drives and internal memory upgrades. The Campaign wouldn’t be shopping there unless they were doing some serious number crunching (or playing a lot of video games).

Another interesting item from the fundraising side: the campaign received a donation of $822 worth of ice cream from Ben and Jerry.

Rand Paul

Amount raised: $6.9M / Amount spent: $2.8M

Paul has a clear focus on technology.

His financials show payments to three different businesses for “data work.” All appear to specialize in data mining / machine learning for marketing purposes.

The Campaign’s marketing strategy also looks to involve a wide range of digital media types, some of it outsourced and some purchased in-house. And Paul even accepts bitcoin donations on his website.

Oddest expense:

His purchase of randpaul.com for a whopping $100,890.

The domain was purchased by his senatorial reelection committee just before he officially announced he presidential bid.

Marco Rubio

Amount raised: $8.9M / Amount spent: $3.1M

Rubio spent his media dollars on direct mail.

All but a small fraction of his $380k media spend is labeled as “direct mail production,” “printing,” or “shipping.”

A focus on Iowa?

The only mailing list appearing in his expense report is one he purchased from the Republican Party of Iowa.

Rubio’s staff has strong ties in Iowa, including his senior political advisor Heath Thompson, who helped elect Iowan Jodi Ernst to the Senate.

As of last Sunday, Rubio was #8 in the Iowa polls. So whether or not he was focused on Iowa before, chances are he is now looking elsewhere.

Oddest expense:

$654,439 paid to Campaign Solutions and $101,865 paid to Mustard Seed for “revenue shares.” Presumably he is paying these companies commission to help him with fundraising.

For someone in the world of campaign finance, this kind of arrangement is probably pretty standard. But to me, that sounds like an awfully big chunk of whatever amount they helped him raise. His total fundraising for the quarter, from all sources, was $8.9M.

The lesson for future Rubio donors: Donate to the campaign directly, or a chunk of your money may get taken off the top.

Lindsey Graham

Amount raised: $3.7M / Amount spent: $1.1M

The Graham Campaign is doing a lot of strategizing.

Of the $1.1M that the Campaign has spent so far, nearly one third went to “political strategy consulting” or “survey research.”

Oddest expenses:

A lot of sub-ten-dollar items that other candidates wouldn’t have bothered expensing, such as: $1.29 spent at Sam’s Club, $2.14 spend in a key copying machine, and $3.79 spent at Burger King.

Mike Huckabee

Amount raised: $2M / Amount spent: $1.1M

Mike is focused on social media.

The Huckabee Campaign made monthly payments of $3,500 to oneQube, a company that offers a “social audience building & marketing” service.

The Campaign also appears to be taking a very hands-on approach to its social media advertising. Since the middle of June, it has logged a $4,000 payment to Facebook on a near-daily basis.

It looks like they gave Twitter Ads a try back in May, spending a few hundred dollars on four occasions. But the results must not have been great, since there are no Twitter expenses for June.

He travels in limousines and private jets.

In his 2008 book, Do the Right Thing, Huckabee writes,

“While other candidates were stepping onto their Gulfstream jets with catered food, flying out the moment they got onboard, I was often sitting on the floor in a crowded terminal eating something from the airport food court…” “Those experiences kept me grounded (sometimes literally) to what is really happening in America.”

In contrast to what Huckabee wrote in his book, only three of the ten candidates covered in this post appear to travel regularly via private jet: Donald Trump, Ben Carson, and Mike Huckabee.

Consistent with his reported penchant for private flying, Huckabee’s expenses include 39 payments to 17 different aviation companies, for a total of $56,578 spent on private flights.

The campaign has also made several payments to Carey Limousine International.

Oddest expense:

$1,100 to the Living History Farm, “an interactive outdoor museum which educates, entertains and connects people of all ages to Midwestern rural life experiences.”

Actually, that sounds like a pretty cool place to host an event.

Donald Trump

Amount raised: $1.9M / Amount spent: $1.4M

No aspect of Trump’s campaign is like any campaign I have ever seen. And his financials are no exception. It would not be a stretch to say they deserve their own blog post.

Oddest expenses:

The $506k he paid to his own private airline, Tag Air Inc

The other five payments that went to Trump-affiliated entities

$30k paid to a not-fully-disclosed libertarian pundit

$454 spent at McDonald’s

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