MEXICALI, Mexico—Thousands of farmers in this parched border city are rallying to an unusual cause: driving a big U.S. manufacturer out of town, ideally with help from U.S. President Donald Trump.

Earlier this month, planters clogged the parking lot at the office of the governor of Baja California state with tractors, reapers and other farming equipment. They erected a banner demanding that Mr. Trump stop a large brewery being built here by Constellation Brands —the third-largest U.S. beer producer and the brewer of Corona, the best-selling beer in Mexico—much as they saw him forcing Carrier Corp. and Ford Motor Co. to back away from plans for new facilities in Mexico.

Constellation has begun construction on a $1.4-billion plant in Mexicali that the company says will provide 750 permanent jobs and is crucial to supply growing markets on the U.S. West Coast. None of the beer to be brewed in Mexicali is destined for the Mexican market.

The farmers’ group fears the plant will use too much water, taxing the aquifer in an area where aging irrigation infrastructure and a naturally low water table have already forced farmers to pull tens of thousands of acres out of production.

“We haven’t been able to do a second planting in years, but we’re inviting in a company that’s going to consume a ton of water,” said Pablo Rangel, an alfalfa farmer who lives nearby and opposes the new plant. “It doesn’t make sense.”