The Honorable Barack Obama President of the United States The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20500 Dear President Obama, We write to express our concern over new reports that the Central Intelligence Agency is designing a plan that could provide shoulder-fired anti-aircraft missiles (also known as Man-Portable Air-Defense Systems, or MANPADS) to non-state actors in Syria. As you may know, the U.S. House of Representatives has repeatedly voted to block MANPADS from being sent to combatants in Syria. In June 2014, the House unanimously approved an amendment to The Department of Defense Appropriations Act of 2015 that blocked the use of any Department of Defense funds from being used to transfer such weapons to combatants in the Syrian civil war under Sec. 9016 of P.L. 113-235. To the extent that Sec. 9016 has been extended by the Continuing Resolution, the MANPADS restriction would continue to apply to any use of that extended authority. Language prohibiting the "procurement or transfer" of MANPADS to Syria was included in the base text of the The Department of Defense Appropriations Act of 2016, which passed the House overwhelmingly. In addition, House Members unanimously approved additional amendments to prohibit the transfer of MANPADS to Iraq and Ukraine, underscoring their grave concerns about the transfer of MANPADS. The concerns repeatedly and unanimously expressed by the House of Representatives were validated when the Pentagon confirmed that last September, Syrian rebels vetted and trained by the United States handed over their equipment to the al Qaeda-linked Nusra Front. The rebels surrendered six pick-up trucks and ammunition--amounting to about one-quarter of their issued equipment--to an agent of the Nusra Front. And just last month, Al-Qaeda's affiliate in Syria attacked a Western-backed rebel faction, taking over bases and seizing U.S.-supplied weapons including antitank missiles. These are just a few examples of the repeated instances of terrorist organizations operating inside Syria acquiring U.S.-supplied weapons from rebels that have been vetted by the Pentagon or CIA. Your own concerns over this type of proliferation had previously led your administration to firmly oppose the provision of MANPADS to combatants in Syria. Reuters has reported that on February 18, 2014, a senior administration official said that the administration "remains opposed to any provision of MANPADS to the Syrian opposition" and Reuters further reported that "The United States has long opposed supplying rebels with anti-aircraft missiles due to concern they may fall into the hands of forces that may use the weapons against Western targets or commercial airlines." On March 28, 2014, one of your national security advisers said: "We have made clear that there are certain types of weapons, including MANPADS, that could pose a proliferation risk if introduced into Syria." We strongly support that view, as MANPADS can easily be hidden in the trunk of a car or even in a golf bag, making their proliferation a serious threat to civilian airliners in the region -- including Israeli airliners -- and across the world. As a 2011 U.S. State Department factsheet states: "Since 1975, 40 civilian aircraft have been hit by MANPADS, causing about 28 crashes and more than 800 deaths around the world." Former CIA Director David Petraeus has said: "As you know, that was always our worst nightmare, that a civilian airliner would be shot down by one." Then-Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta told the Wall Street Journal: "There is no question when you start passing MANPADS around, that becomes a threat, not just to military aircraft but to civilian aircraft." Then-Secretary of State Colin Powell said: "No threat is more serious to [civil] aviation" than MANPADS. Finally, we note that transferring MANPADS to combatants in the Syrian Civil War would appear to violate at least three U.S.-backed international agreements, including the U.S.-initiated G8 Action Plan, The Wassenaar Arrangement on Arms Control in 2003, and a 2005 Organization of American States resolution, all of which prohibit the transfer of MANPADS to non-state actors. Accordingly, we urge you to maintain your stance in opposition to sending MANPADS into Syria and also request that you strongly discourage all nations from doing so. We thank you kindly for your attention to this important matter. Sincerely, Rep. John Conyers Rep. Ted Yoho, Rep. Seth Moulton Rep. Jeff Miller Rep. Ruben Gallego Rep. Walter B. Jones Rep. Beto O'Rourke Rep. Mark Meadows Rep. Hank Johnson Rep. Mick Mulvaney Rep. Peter DeFazio Rep. Richard Nolan Rep. Peter Welch Rep. Steve Cohen Rep. Ann McLane Kuster Rep. Earl Blumenauer Rep. Jared Huffman Rep. Louise McIntosh Slaughter Rep. Alan S. Lowenthal Rep. John Lewis Rep. Alan Grayson Rep. Jim McDermott Rep. James P. McGovern Rep. Raúl M. Grijalva Rep. Katherine M. Clark Rep. David N. Cicilline Rep. Nydia M. Velázquez