Worldbank Country Statistics for Panama Year:2019 Year:2018 Year:2017 Year:2016 Year:2015 Year:2014 Year:2013 Year:2012 Year:2011 Year:2010 Year:2009 Year:2008 Year:2007 Year:2006 Year:2005 Year:2004 Year:2003 Year:2002 Year:2001 Year:2000

Travel services (% of commercial service exports) 33.7037

Transport services (% of commercial service exports) 49.8468

Commercial service exports (current US$) 13670900000

Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service exports) 6.50872

Export value index (2000 = 100) 1335.71

Merchandise exports (current US$) 11480000000

Insurance and financial services (% of commercial service exports) 9.94082

Export unit value index (2000 = 100) 118.542

Export volume index (2000 = 100) 1126.78

Net barter terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 162.134

Travel services (% of commercial service imports) 16.404

Transport services (% of commercial service imports) 46.4796

Commercial service imports (current US$) 4391600000

Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service imports) 20.3047

Import value index (2000 = 100) 680.91

Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 98

Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months) 88

Immunization, HepB3 (% of one-year-old children) 88

Antiretroviral therapy coverage for PMTCT (% of pregnant women living with HIV) 92

Incidence of HIV (% of uninfected population ages 15-49) 0.6

Adults (ages 15+) and children (ages 0-14) newly infected with HIV 1300

Children (ages 0-14) newly infected with HIV 100

Adults (ages 15+) newly infected with HIV 1300

Antiretroviral therapy coverage (% of people living with HIV) 54

Prevalence of HIV, male (% ages 15-24) 0.2

Military expenditure (% of central government expenditure) 0

Military expenditure (% of GDP) 0

Military expenditure (current LCU) 0

Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values) 11000000

Transport services (% of service imports, BoP) 45.5269

Imports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$) 35803900000

Charges for the use of intellectual property, payments (BoP, current US$) 39400000

Service imports (BoP, current US$) 4483500000

Goods imports (BoP, current US$) 23963200000

Insurance and financial services (% of service imports, BoP) 16.467

Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$) 28446700000

Primary income payments (BoP, current US$) 7357200000

Communications, computer, etc. (% of service imports, BoP) 3.76715

Trade in services (% of GDP) 28.0873

Surface area (sq. km) 75420

Land area (sq. km) 74340

Prevalence of HIV, female (% ages 15-24) 0.1

Children (0-14) living with HIV 500

Mortality rate, neonatal (per 1,000 live births) 8.5

Mortality rate, under-5, male (per 1,000 live births) 16.9

Mortality rate, under-5, female (per 1,000 live births) 13.6

Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 15.3

Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) 0.9

Women's share of population ages 15+ living with HIV (%) 30.4

Probability of dying at age 5-14 years (per 1,000 children age 5) 2.5

Number of neonatal deaths 670

Number of under-five deaths 1206

Number of infant deaths 1038

Number of deaths ages 5-14 years 188

Legislation exists on domestic violence (1=yes; 0=no) 1

Law mandates equal remuneration for females and males for work of equal value (1=yes; 0=no) 0

Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 18.3

Secure Internet servers (per 1 million people) 2141.55

Secure Internet servers 8945

Fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.838

Fixed broadband subscriptions 452688

Fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.1138

Fixed telephone subscriptions 673054

Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 130.068

Mobile cellular subscriptions 5432790

Liner shipping connectivity index (maximum value in 2004 = 100) 56.57

Air transport, passengers carried 12939400

Air transport, freight (million ton-km) 47.6274

Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide 119148

Source data assessment of statistical capacity (scale 0 - 100) 90

Periodicity and timeliness assessment of statistical capacity (scale 0 - 100) 86.6667

Statistical Capacity score (Overall average) 75.5556

Methodology assessment of statistical capacity (scale 0 - 100) 50

Merchandise imports (current US$) 23006000000

Import unit value index (2000 = 100) 73.1137

Import volume index (2000 = 100) 931.302

Merchandise trade (% of GDP) 53.0104

Urban population (% of total) 67.709

Urban population 2828120

Urban population growth (annual %) 2.20194

Rural population (% of total population) 32.291

Rural population growth (annual %) 0.632877

Rural population 1348750

Population, male (% of total) 50.0946

Population, male 2092390

Population, female (% of total) 49.9054

Population, female 2084480

Population, total 4176870

Population growth (annual %) 1.69258

Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 41.7416

Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 12.5009

Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 54.2425

Population ages 80 and above, female (% of female population) 2.15027

Population ages 75-79, male (% of male population) 1.34779

Population ages 75-79, female (% of female population) 1.57344

Population ages 70-74, male (% of male population) 1.9072

Population ages 70-74, female (% of female population) 2.14005

Population ages 65 and above (% of total) 8.10473

Population ages 65 and above, total 338524

Population ages 65 and above, male (% of total) 7.52825

Population ages 65 and above, male 157520

Population ages 65 and above, female (% of total) 8.68336

Population ages 65 and above, female 181003

Population ages 65-69, male (% of male population) 2.58246

Population ages 65-69, female (% of female population) 2.8196

Population ages 60-64, male (% of male population) 3.41878

Population ages 60-64, female (% of female population) 3.63304

Population ages 55-59, male (% of male population) 4.35493

Population ages 55-59, female (% of female population) 4.51858

Population ages 50-54, male (% of male population) 5.26294

Population ages 50-54, female (% of female population) 5.36795

Population ages 45-49, male (% of male population) 6.11484

Population ages 45-49, female (% of female population) 6.16671

Population ages 40-44, male (% of male population) 6.70918

Population ages 40-44, female (% of female population) 6.72009

Population ages 35-39, male (% of male population) 7.07083

Population ages 35-39, female (% of female population) 7.01728

Population ages 30-34, male (% of male population) 7.43362

Population ages 30-34, female (% of female population) 7.35838

Secondary education, duration (years) 6

Lower secondary school starting age (years) 12

Procedures to build a warehouse (number) 18

Time required to build a warehouse (days) 105

Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 37.2

Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 12.4

Tax payments (number) 36

Other taxes payable by businesses (% of commercial profits) 4.8

Labor tax and contributions (% of commercial profits) 20

Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 408

Start-up procedures to register a business, male (number) 5

Start-up procedures to register a business, female (number) 5

Start-up procedures to register a business (number) 5

Time required to start a business, male (days) 6

Time required to start a business, female (days) 6

Time required to start a business (days) 6

Cost of business start-up procedures (% of GNI per capita) 0

Cost of business start-up procedures, male (% of GNI per capita) 6.1

Cost of business start-up procedures, female (% of GNI per capita) 6.1

Procedures to register property (number) 7

Time required to register property (days) 22.5

Time required to enforce a contract (days) 790

Strength of legal rights index (0=weak to 12=strong) 8

Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.5

Time to import, documentary compliance (hours) 6

Time to import, border compliance (hours) 24

PPG, private creditors (INT, current US$) 622338000

PPG, commercial banks (INT, current US$) 14127000

PPG, bonds (INT, current US$) 608211000

PPG, official creditors (INT, current US$) 114860000

PPG, multilateral (INT, current US$) 112125000

Interest payments on external debt, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (INT, current US$) 156002000

Interest payments on external debt, long-term (INT, current US$) 893200000

Population ages 25-29, female (% of female population) 7.64871

Population ages 20-24, male (% of male population) 8.20924

Population ages 20-24, female (% of female population) 8.04679

Population ages 15-64 (% of total) 64.833

Population ages 15-64, total 2707990

Population ages 15-64, male (% of total) 64.8787

Population ages 15-64, male 1357510

Population ages 15-64, female (% of total) 64.7871

Population ages 15-64, female 1350480

Population ages 15-19, male (% of male population) 8.55769

Population ages 15-19, female (% of female population) 8.30959

Population ages 10-14, male (% of male population) 8.84201

Population ages 10-14, female (% of female population) 8.51833

Population ages 5-9, male (% of male population) 9.24509

Population ages 5-9, female (% of female population) 8.88374

Population ages 0-14 (% of total) 27.0623

Population ages 0-14, total 1130360

Population ages 0-14, male (% of total) 27.5931

Population ages 0-14, male 577355

Population ages 0-14, female (% of total) 26.5295

Population ages 0-14, female 553004

Population ages 0-4, male (% of male population) 9.50599

Population ages 0-4, female (% of female population) 9.12745

Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births) 14.5

Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 13.1

Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births) 11.7

Refugee population by country or territory of origin 49

Refugee population by country or territory of asylum 2518

Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) 3.922

Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (national estimate) 3.8941

Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) 3.17

Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) (national estimate) 3.1348

Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) 5.063

Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) (national estimate) 4.9683

Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of youth population) 16.3809

PPP conversion factor, private consumption (LCU per international $) 0.573588

Price level ratio of PPP conversion factor (GDP) to market exchange rate 0.61058

PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $) 0.61058

Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) 1

DEC alternative conversion factor (LCU per US$) 1

Net current transfers from abroad (current LCU) -71600000

Net current transfers from abroad (current US$) -71600000

Net taxes on products (constant LCU) 1793600000

Net taxes on products (current LCU) 2296200000

Net taxes on products (current US$) 2296200000

Net income from abroad (current LCU) -5090300000

Net income from abroad (current US$) -5090300000

GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) 23510

GNI per capita (current LCU) 14356.4

Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 86.6811

Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) 82.3399

Claims on other sectors of the domestic economy (% of GDP) 86.8085

Claims on central government, etc. (% GDP) -4.18412

Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) 0.761578

Consumer price index (2010 = 100) 122.503

Net foreign assets (current LCU) 1062630000

Net domestic credit (current LCU) 53566300000

Total reserves minus gold (current US$) 2121300000

Total reserves in months of imports 0.710974

Total reserves (includes gold, current US$) 2121300000

Bank liquid reserves to bank assets ratio (%) 2.01673

Domestic credit to private sector by banks (% of GDP) 78.992

Commercial bank branches (per 100,000 adults) 21.683

Automated teller machines (ATMs) (per 100,000 adults) 70.0098

Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) 5.23498

Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.68142

Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 20.8919

PPG, official creditors (DIS, current US$) 388366000

PPG, multilateral (DIS, current US$) 309871000

Disbursements on external debt, long-term (DIS, current US$) 388366000

PPG, bilateral (DIS, current US$) 78495000

PPG, private creditors (AMT, current US$) 40798000

PPG, commercial banks (AMT, current US$) 40798000

PPG, bonds (AMT, current US$) 0

PPG, official creditors (AMT, current US$) 336224000

PPG, multilateral (AMT, current US$) 322638000

Share of youth not in education, employment or training, male (% of male youth population) 9.9049

Share of youth not in education, employment or training, female (% of female youth population) 23.0831

Unemployment with intermediate education (% of total labor force with intermediate education) 5.4979

Unemployment with intermediate education, male (% of male labor force with intermediate education) 3.8281

Unemployment with intermediate education, female (% of female labor force with intermediate education) 7.6279

Unemployment with basic education (% of total labor force with basic education) 3.214

Unemployment with basic education, male (% of male labor force with basic education) 2.9892

Unemployment with basic education, female (% of female labor force with basic education) 3.6832

Unemployment with advanced education (% of total labor force with advanced education) 3.2058

Unemployment with advanced education, male (% of male labor force with advanced education) 3.4267

Unemployment with advanced education, female (% of female labor force with advanced education) 3.0484

Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate) 10.056

Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24) (national estimate) 10.2276

Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate) 8.241

Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24) (national estimate) 7.4117

Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate) 13.214

Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24) (national estimate) 15.2579

Labor force, total 2023220

Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 39.7399

Part time employment, total (% of total employment) 27.98

Part time employment, male (% of total male employment) 24.89

Part time employment, female (% of total female employment) 32.45

Labor force with intermediate education (% of total working-age population with intermediate education) 70.5827

Labor force with intermediate education, male (% of male working-age population with intermediate education) 82.9586

Labor force with intermediate education, female (% of female working-age population with intermediate education) 59.2985

Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) 66.411

Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (national estimate) 63.953

Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) 80.466

Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) (national estimate) 77.3386

Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (modeled ILO estimate) 65.2449

Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (national estimate) 66.4291

Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) 52.5

Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (national estimate) 51.3753

Labor force with basic education (% of total working-age population with basic education) 55.8304

Labor force with basic education, male (% of male working-age population with basic education) 72.1085

Labor force with basic education, female (% of female working-age population with basic education) 37.954

Labor force with advanced education (% of total working-age population with advanced education) 82.7572

Labor force with advanced education, male (% of male working-age population with advanced education) 89.8822

Labor force with advanced education, female (% of female working-age population with advanced education) 78.3324

Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate) 71.289

Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate) 85.063

Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate) 57.442

Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate) 45.929

Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate) 43.6307

Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate) 57.504

Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) (national estimate) 55.0001

Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate) 34.015

Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate) 31.864

Employment in services (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 67.076

Employment in services, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 57.563

Employment in services, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 81.795

GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) 14370

GNI, PPP (current international $) 98209500000

GNI (current LCU) 59964800000

GNI (current US$) 59964800000

GNI, Atlas method (current US$) 60023500000

GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2011 international $) 22674.4

GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 25508.6

GDP per capita (constant LCU) 9981.96

GDP per capita growth (annual %) 1.93696

GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) 11723.9

GDP per capita (current LCU) 15575.1

GDP per capita (current US$) 15575.1

GDP, PPP (constant 2011 international $) 94708100000

GDP, PPP (current international $) 106546000000

GDP (constant LCU) 41693400000

GDP growth (annual %) 3.67701

GDP (constant 2010 US$) 48969400000

GDP: linked series (current LCU) 65055100000

GDP (current LCU) 65055100000

GDP (current US$) 65055100000

Gross value added at factor cost (constant LCU) 39887700000

Gross value added at factor cost (constant 2010 US$) 46902600000

Gross value added at factor cost (current LCU) 62758800000

Gross value added at factor cost (current US$) 62758800000

GDP deflator: linked series (base year varies by country) 156.032

GDP deflator (base year varies by country) 156.032

Inflation, GDP deflator: linked series (annual %) 0.745062

Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) 0.745062

Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) 42.6992

Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million 1783490

Population in the largest city (% of urban population) 63.0628

Population in largest city 1783490

Population density (people per sq. km of land area) 56.1861

Mammal species, threatened 17

Plant species (higher), threatened 212

Fish species, threatened 57

Bird species, threatened 25

Principal repayments on external debt, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (AMT, current US$) 368766000

Principal repayments on external debt, long-term (AMT, current US$) 745788000

PPG, bilateral (AMT, current US$) 13586000

Informal employment (% of total non-agricultural employment) 45.26

Informal employment, male (% of total non-agricultural employment) 44.9

Informal employment, female (% of total non-agricultural employment) 45.71

Employment in industry (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 18.58

Employment in industry, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 24.362

Employment in industry, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 9.634

GDP per person employed (constant 2011 PPP $) 49791.9

Contributing family workers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 4.538

Contributing family workers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 3.298

Contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 6.457

Wage and salaried workers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 65.15

Wage and salaried workers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 63.119

Wage and salaried workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 68.291

Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 32.207

Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 33.499

Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 30.209

Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate) 63.806

Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) 61.4626

Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate) 77.915

Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%) (national estimate) 74.9142

Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate) 49.842

Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%) (national estimate) 48.8228

Self-employed, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 34.85

Self-employed, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 36.881

Self-employed, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 31.709

Employers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 2.642

Employers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 3.381

Employers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 1.5

Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate) 41.31

Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate) 39.1683

Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate) 52.765

Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (national estimate) 50.9237

Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate) 29.521

Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate) 27.0022

Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 14.344

Employment in agriculture, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 18.075

Employment in agriculture, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 8.571

Industry, value added (% of GDP) 29.1613

Industry, value added (constant LCU) 11503300000

Industry, value added (annual % growth) 2.63656

Industry, value added (constant 2010 US$) 13430300000

Industry, value added (current LCU) 18970900000

Industry, value added (current US$) 18970900000

Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP) 5.78002

Manufacturing, value added (constant LCU) 2146200000

Manufacturing, value added (annual % growth) 0.694379

Manufacturing, value added (constant 2010 US$) 2765370000

Manufacturing, value added (current LCU) 3760200000

Manufacturing, value added (current US$) 3760200000

Industry, value added per worker (constant 2010 US$) 37185.5

Agriculture, value added (% of GDP) 2.18031

Agriculture, value added (constant LCU) 957100000

Agriculture, value added (annual % growth) 0.949267

Agriculture, value added (constant 2010 US$) 1178180000

Agriculture, value added (current LCU) 1418400000

Agriculture, value added (current US$) 1418400000

Agriculture, value added per worker (constant 2010 US$) 4225.49

Listed domestic companies, total 30

Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (% of GDP) 24.053

Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (current US$) 15647700000

S&P Global Equity Indices (annual % change) -15.4901

Personal remittances, received (% of GDP) 0.826684

Personal remittances, received (current US$) 537800000

Personal transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) 456800000

Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) 917200000

Portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$) 0

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) 10.112

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) 6578400000

Travel services (% of service exports, BoP) 33.4158

Transport services (% of service exports, BoP) 49.4209

Exports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$) 30808700000

Charges for the use of intellectual property, receipts (BoP, current US$) 21700000

Service exports (BoP, current US$) 13788700000

Goods exports (BoP, current US$) 14753100000

Insurance and financial services (% of service exports, BoP) 9.8559

Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$) 28541800000

Primary income receipts (BoP, current US$) 2266900000

Communications, computer, etc. (% of service exports, BoP) 1.17415

Net capital account (BoP, current US$) 22600000

Net secondary income (BoP, current US$) -71600000

Reserves and related items (BoP, current US$) -632599000

Portfolio investment, net (BoP, current US$) -366400000

Foreign direct investment, net (BoP, current US$) -5391000000

Net errors and omissions (BoP, current US$) -1470500000

Net trade in goods (BoP, current US$) -9210100000

Net trade in goods and services (BoP, current US$) 95100000

Net primary income (BoP, current US$) -5090300000

Net financial account (BoP, current US$) -6514700000

Current account balance (% of GDP) -7.78847

Current account balance (BoP, current US$) -5066800000

Personal remittances, paid (current US$) 797100000

Secondary income, other sectors, payments (BoP, current US$) 971700000

Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP) 1.82522

Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$) 1187400000

Travel services (% of service imports, BoP) 16.0678

Primary education, duration (years) 6

Primary school starting age (years) 6

Preprimary education, duration (years) 2

Compulsory education, duration (years) 11

Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) 95.4118

Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) 95.9689

Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) 94.8817

Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24) 99.0991

Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15-24) 99.3122

Literacy rate, youth (ages 15-24), gender parity index (GPI) 0.99559

Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15-24) 98.8743

Cost to import, documentary compliance (US$) 50

Cost to import, border compliance (US$) 490

Time to export, documentary compliance (hours) 6

Time to export, border compliance (hours) 24

Cost to export, documentary compliance (US$) 60

Cost to export, border compliance (US$) 270

Time required to get electricity (days) 35

Public credit registry coverage (% of adults) 0

Private credit bureau coverage (% of adults) 73.7

Depth of credit information index (0=low to 8=high) 8

Business extent of disclosure index (0=less disclosure to 10=more disclosure) 4

Distance to frontier score (0=lowest performance to 100=frontier) 66.868