And almost all of these details mention forcible conversions: depicting the demonstration of Islamic power; giving the defeated infields the standard option: to choose between Islam or death; inducement by promising to leave the property of a rich Hindu in his own hands if he converted to Islam; the prospect of reducing punishments if a Hindu culprit converts; promotion in the administrative hierarchy after conversion; demanding from a Hindu employee to convert to show his fidelity to the sultan or badshah; forced mass conversions flaunted as trophies of the victory of an Islamic army. Thus, all historical evidence available including written records and various narratives regarding conversions point to only one conclusion: that without fear or favour no Hindu converted to Islam on his own volition.

Interestingly, Harbans Mukhia and Romila Thapar, too, enumerate some of these reasons, only to claim the opposite conclusion: that Hindus were not forced by the Islamic state to convert to Islam! The entire convoluted effort of Mukhia & co produces the opposite impression on any open-minded reader, that it was, after all, forced conversions under the Islamic regimes.