Location Period Type of Force Comments on U.S. Role Argentina 1890 Troops Buenos Aires interests protected Chile 1891 Troops Marines clash with nationalist rebels Haiti 1891 Troops Black workers revolt on U.S.-claimed Navassa Island defeated Nicaragua 1894 Troops Month-long occupation of Bluefields Panama 1895 Naval, troops Marines land in Colombian province Nicaragua 1896 Troops Marines land in port of Corinto Cuba 1898- Naval, troops Seized from Spain, U.S. still holds Navy base at Guantanamo Puerto Rico 1898- Naval, troops Seized from Spain, occupation continues Nicaragua 1898 Troops Marines land at port of San Juan del Sur Nicaragua 1899 Troops Marines land at port of Bluefields Honduras 1903 Troops Marines intervene in revolution Dominican Republic 1903-04 Troops U.S. interests protected in Revolution Cuba 1906-09 Troops Marines land in democratic election Nicaragua 1907 Troops "Dollar Diplomacy" protectorate set up Honduras 1907 Troops Marines land during war with Nicaragua Panama 1908 Troops Marines intervene in election contest Nicaragua 1910 Troops Marines land in Bluefields and Corinto Honduras 1911 Troops U.S. interests protected in civil war Cuba 1912 Troops U.S. interests protected in Havana Panama 1912 Troops Marines land during heated election Honduras 1912 Troops Marines protect U.S. economic interests Nicaragua 1912-33 Troops, bombing 20-year occupation, fought guerrillas Mexico 1913 Naval Americans evacuated during revolution Dominican Republic 1914 Naval Fight with rebels over Santo Domingo Mexico 1914-18 Naval, troops Series of interventions against nationalists Haiti 1914-34 Troops, bombing 19-year occupation after revolts Dominican Republic 1916-24 Troops 8-year Marine occupation Cuba 1917-33 Troops Military occupation, economic protectorate Panama 1918-20 Troops "Police duty" during unrest after elections Honduras 1919 Troops Marines land during election campaign Guatemala 1920 Troops 2-week intervention against unionists Costa Rica 1921 Troops Panama 1921 Troops Honduras 1924-25 Troops Landed twice during election strife Panama 1925 Troops Marines suppress general strike El Salvador 1932 Naval Warships sent during Faribundo Marti revolt Uruguay 1947 Nuclear threat Bombers deployed as show of strength Puerto Rico 1950 Command operation Independence rebellion crushed in Ponce Guatemala 1954-? Command operation, bombing, nuclear threat CIA directs exile invasion and coup d'Etat after newly elected government nationalizes unused U.S.'s United Fruit Company lands; bombers based in Nicaragua; long-term result: 200,000 murdered Panama 1958 Troops Flag protests erupt into confrontation Cuba 1961 Command operation CIA-directed exile invasion fails Cuba 1962 Nuclear threat, naval Blockade during missile crisis; near-war with Soviet Union Panama 1964 Troops Panamanians shot for urging canal's return Dominican Republic 1965-66 Troops, bombing Marines land during election campaign Guatemala 1966-67 Command operation Green Berets intervene against rebels Chile 1973 Command operation CIA-backed coup ousts democratically elected Marxist president El Salvador 1981-92 Command operation, troops Advisors, overflights aid anti-rebel war, soldiers briefly involved in hostage clash; long-term result: 75,000 murdered and destruction of popular movement Nicaragua 1981-90 Command operation, naval CIA directs exile (Contra) invasions, plants harbor mines against revolution; result: 50,000 murdered Honduras 1982-90 Troops Maneuvers help build bases near borders Grenada 1983-84 Troops, bombing Invasion four years after revolution Bolivia 1987 Troops Army assists raids on cocaine region Panama 1989 Troops, bombing Nationalist government ousted by 27,000 soldiers, leaders arrested, 2000+ killed Haiti 1994-95 Troops, naval Blockade against military government; troops restore President Aristide to office three years after coup Venezuela 2002 Command operation Failed coup attempt to remove left-populist president Hugo Chavez Haiti 2004- Troops Removal of democratically elected President Aristide; troops occupy country Honduras 2009 Command operation Support for coup that removed president Manuel Zelaya Sources: Blum, William. Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventionism Since World War II. Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1995. Ege & Makhijani. "180 Landings by the U.S. Marine Corps" (History Division), Counterspy (July-Aug. 1982). Foreign Affairs Division, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. Richard Grimmet, Instances of Use of Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2001. CRS Report for Congress, 2002. Grossman, Zoltan. Over a Century of U.S. Military Interventions. Self-published, revised Jan. 1, 1995. Sklar, Holly. "Who's Who: Invading 'Our' Hemisphere 1831-," Z Magazine (Feb. 1990). U.S. Congress, Committee on Foreign Affairs' Report. Background Information on the Use of United States Armed Forces in Foreign Countries. Washington, D.C.: 91st Congress, 2nd Session, 1970. Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States. New York: Perennial Library, Harper & Row, 1980. Also see Zoltan Grossman, From Wounded Knee to Iraq (A Chronology of U.S. Imperialism) Please send any suggestions, comments, corrections, additions, etc. to Marc Becker at marc@yachana.org. Last updated: 2011 | Marc Becker's Home Page | marc@yachana.org |