Appendix 1

Search strategy DTA imaging in low back pain

Embase.com

(‘nuclear magnetic resonance imaging’/exp OR ‘computer assisted tomography’/exp OR radiography/exp OR ‘diagnostic imaging’/exp OR radiodiagnosis/de OR ((magnet* NEAR/3 resonance ) OR mri OR nmri OR ((mr OR nmr) NEAR/3 imag*) OR (comput* NEAR/3 tomograph*) OR ct OR cat OR radiogra* OR (x NEXT/1 ray*) OR ‘plain film’ OR myelogra* OR (diagnos* NEAR/3 imag*) OR radiodiagnos*):ab,ti) AND (backache/exp OR sciatica/exp OR (‘radicular pain’/exp AND (back/exp)) OR (((back OR sciatic* OR lowback OR lumb* OR sacroiliac*) NEAR/6 (ache OR pain* OR aching OR complaint* OR dysfunction* OR disabilit* OR trauma* OR symptom* OR injur* OR patholog* OR problem*)) OR (fail* NEAR/3 back NEAR/3 surg* ) OR backache* OR backpain* OR schiatica OR ischia* OR lumbago OR lumboischialgia OR ((radicular OR radiculalgi*) NEAR/6 (back OR spine* OR spinal*)) OR dorsalgi*):ab,ti) AND (‘spine disease’/exp OR ‘neurologic disease’/exp OR Osteoporosis/exp OR Osteoarthritis/exp OR Osteosclerosis/exp OR (((spin* OR vertebra* OR intervertebr* OR disc* OR disk* OR neurologic* OR nerve*) NEAR/3 (disease* OR injur* OR tumor* OR tumour* OR neoplas* OR cancer* OR malign* OR fracture* OR hernia* OR displace* OR protru* OR avuls* OR degenerat* OR Stenos* OR Osteophytos* OR entrap* OR compress* OR inflammat* OR disorder* OR rupture* OR disrupt*)) OR Radiculopath* OR polyradiculopath* OR Spondylarthrit* OR Spondyloarthrit* OR Spondylit* OR Spondylolisthes* OR Spondylolys* OR Discitis OR Osteoporo* OR Osteoarthrit* OR Osteosclero* OR Ankylos*):ab,ti) AND (‘cohort analysis’/exp OR ‘follow up’/exp OR ‘longitudinal study’/exp OR ‘prospective study’/exp OR ‘retrospective study’/exp OR ‘case control study’/exp OR ‘cross-sectional study’/de OR epidemiology/de OR (cohort* OR (follow* NEXT/1 up*) OR followup* OR longitudinal* OR prospectiv* OR retrospectiv* OR (case NEXT/1 control*) OR historical* OR epidemiolog* OR (cross NEXT/1 section*)):ab,ti) NOT ((juvenile/exp NOT adult/exp)) NOT ([animals]/lim NOT [humans]/lim) NOT ([Conference Abstract]/lim OR [Letter]/lim OR [Note]/lim OR [Editorial]/lim OR ‘systematic review’/exp OR ‘case report’/exp OR (‘systematic review’ OR ‘case report’):ti)

Medline ovid

(exp “magnetic resonance imaging”/ OR exp “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance”/ OR exp “Tomography, X-Ray Computed”/ OR exp radiography/ OR radiography.xs. OR “diagnostic imaging”/ OR radiodiagnosis/ OR ((magnet* ADJ3 resonance) OR mri OR nmri OR ((mr OR nmr) ADJ3 imag*) OR (comput* ADJ3 tomograph*) OR ct OR cat OR radiogra* OR (x ADJ ray*) OR “plain film” OR myelogra* OR (diagnos* ADJ3 imag*) OR radiodiagnos*).ab,ti.) AND (exp “back pain”/ OR sciatica/ OR (“Radiculopathy”/ AND (back/)) OR (((back OR sciatic* OR lowback OR lumb* OR sacroiliac*) ADJ6 (ache OR pain* OR aching OR complaint* OR dysfunction* OR disabilit* OR trauma* OR symptom* OR injur* OR patholog* OR problem*)) OR (fail* ADJ3 back ADJ3 surg* ) OR backache* OR backpain* OR schiatica OR ischia* OR lumbago OR lumboischialgia OR ((radicular OR radiculalgi*) ADJ6 (back OR spine* OR spinal*)) OR dorsalgi*).ab,ti.) AND (exp “Spinal Diseases”/ OR exp “Nervous System Diseases”/ OR Osteoporosis/ OR Osteoarthritis/ OR Osteosclerosis/ OR (((spin* OR vertebra* OR intervertebr* OR disc* OR disk* OR neurologic* OR nerve*) ADJ3 (disease* OR injur* OR tumor* OR tumour* OR neoplas* OR cancer* OR malign* OR fracture* OR hernia* OR displace* OR protru* OR avuls* OR degenerat* OR Stenos* OR Osteophytos* OR entrap* OR compress* OR inflammat* OR disorder* OR rupture* OR disrupt*)) OR Radiculopath* OR polyradiculopath* OR Spondylarthrit* OR Spondyloarthrit* OR Spondylit* OR Spondylolisthes* OR Spondylolys* OR Discitis OR Osteoporo* OR Osteoarthrit* OR Osteosclero* OR Ankylos*).ab,ti.) AND (“Epidemiologic Studies”/ OR exp “Cohort Studies”/ OR “Case-Control Studies”/ OR “cross-sectional studies”/ OR (cohort* OR (follow* ADJ up*) OR followup* OR longitudinal* OR prospectiv* OR retrospectiv* OR (case ADJ control*) OR historical* OR epidemiolog* OR (cross ADJ section*)).ab,ti.) NOT ((exp child/ NOT exp adult/)) NOT (exp animals/ NOT humans/) NOT ((Congresses OR Letter OR Notes OR Editorials).pt. OR “systematic review”/ OR “case report”/ OR (“systematic review” OR “case report”).ti.)

Web-of-science

TS=((((magnet* NEAR/2 resonance ) OR mri OR nmri OR ((mr OR nmr) NEAR/2 imag*) OR (comput* NEAR/2 tomograph*) OR ct OR cat OR radiogra* OR (x NEAR/1 ray*) OR “plain film” OR myelogra* OR (diagnos* NEAR/2 imag*) OR radiodiagnos*)) AND ((((back OR sciatic* OR lowback OR lumb* OR sacroiliac*) NEAR/5 (ache OR pain* OR aching OR complaint* OR dysfunction* OR disabilit* OR trauma* OR symptom* OR injur* OR patholog* OR problem*)) OR (fail* NEAR/2 back NEAR/2 surg* ) OR backache* OR backpain* OR schiatica OR ischia* OR lumbago OR lumboischialgia OR ((radicular OR radiculalgi*) NEAR/5 (back OR spine* OR spinal*)) OR dorsalgi*)) AND ((((spin* OR vertebra* OR intervertebr* OR disc* OR disk* OR neurologic* OR nerve*) NEAR/2 (disease* OR injur* OR tumor* OR tumour* OR neoplas* OR cancer* OR malign* OR fracture* OR hernia* OR displace* OR protru* OR avuls* OR degenerat* OR Stenos* OR Osteophytos* OR entrap* OR compress* OR inflammat* OR disorder* OR rupture* OR disrupt*)) OR Radiculopath* OR polyradiculopath* OR Spondylarthrit* OR Spondyloarthrit* OR Spondylit* OR Spondylolisthes* OR Spondylolys* OR Discitis OR Osteoporo* OR Osteoarthrit* OR Osteosclero* OR Ankylos*)) AND ((cohort* OR (follow* NEAR/1 (up OR ups)) OR followup* OR longitudinal* OR prospectiv* OR retrospectiv* OR (case NEAR/1 control*) OR historical* OR epidemiolog* OR (cross NEAR/1 section*))) NOT ((child* OR infan* OR adolescen*) NOT (adult*)) NOT ((animal* OR rat OR mouse OR rats OR mice OR murine) NOT (human* OR patient*))) AND DT=(article) NOT TI=(“systematic review” OR “case report”)

Pubmed publisher

(“magnetic resonance imaging”[mh] OR “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance”[mh] OR “Tomography, X-Ray Computed”[mh] OR radiography[mh] OR radiography[sh] OR “diagnostic imaging”[mh] OR radiodiagnosis[mh] OR (magnetic resonance*[tiab] OR mri OR nmri OR ((mr OR nmr) AND imag*[tiab]) OR (comput*[tiab] AND tomograph*[tiab]) OR ct OR cat OR radiogra*[tiab] OR x ray*[tiab] OR “plain film” OR myelogra*[tiab] OR (diagnos*[tiab] AND imag*[tiab]) OR radiodiagnos*[tiab])) AND (“back pain”[mh] OR sciatica[mh] OR (“Radiculopathy”[mh] AND (back[mh])) OR (((back OR sciatic*[tiab] OR lowback OR lumb*[tiab] OR sacroiliac*[tiab]) AND (ache OR pain*[tiab] OR aching OR complaint*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR disabilit*[tiab] OR trauma*[tiab] OR symptom*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab])) OR (fail*[tiab] AND back AND surg*[tiab] ) OR backache*[tiab] OR backpain*[tiab] OR schiatica OR ischia*[tiab] OR lumbago OR lumboischialgia OR ((radicular OR radiculalgi*[tiab]) AND (back OR spine*[tiab] OR spinal*[tiab])) OR dorsalgi*[tiab])) AND (“Spinal Diseases”[mh] OR “Nervous System Diseases”[mh] OR Osteoporosis[mh] OR Osteoarthritis[mh] OR Osteosclerosis[mh] OR (((spine*[tiab] OR spinal*[tiab] OR vertebra*[tiab] OR intervertebr*[tiab] OR disc[tiab] OR discs[tiab] OR disk*[tiab] OR neurologic*[tiab] OR nerve*[tiab]) AND (disease*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR tumor*[tiab] OR tumour*[tiab] OR neoplas*[tiab] OR cancer*[tiab] OR malign*[tiab] OR fracture*[tiab] OR hernia*[tiab] OR displace*[tiab] OR protru*[tiab] OR avuls*[tiab] OR degenerat*[tiab] OR Stenos*[tiab] OR Osteophytos*[tiab] OR entrap*[tiab] OR compress*[tiab] OR inflammat*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR rupture*[tiab] OR disrupt*[tiab])) OR Radiculopath*[tiab] OR polyradiculopath*[tiab] OR Spondylarthrit*[tiab] OR Spondyloarthrit*[tiab] OR Spondylit*[tiab] OR Spondylolisthes*[tiab] OR Spondylolys*[tiab] OR Discitis OR Osteoporo*[tiab] OR Osteoarthrit*[tiab] OR Osteosclero*[tiab] OR Ankylos*[tiab])) AND (“Epidemiologic Studies”[mh] OR “Cohort Studies”[mh] OR “Case-Control Studies”[mh] OR “cross-sectional studies”[mh] OR (cohort*[tiab] OR follow up*[tiab] OR followup*[tiab] OR longitudinal*[tiab] OR prospectiv*[tiab] OR retrospectiv*[tiab] OR case control*[tiab] OR historical*[tiab] OR epidemiolog*[tiab] OR cross section*[tiab])) NOT ((child[mh] NOT adult[mh])) NOT (animals[mh] NOT humans[mh]) NOT (Congresses[pt] OR Letter[pt] OR Notes[pt] OR Editorials[pt] OR “systematic review”[mh] OR “case report”[mh] OR (“systematic review”[ti] OR “case report”[ti])) AND publisher[sb]

Google scholar

mri|ct|radiography|radiographically|“diagnostic imaging”|radiodiagnosis “back|lumbar pain”|backache cohort|“follow up”|longitudinal|prospective|retrospective|“case control”|epidemiological|“cross sectional”