He posted it as senior national security officials — including the F.B.I. director, James B. Comey, and the director of national intelligence, James R. Clapper Jr. — were completing plans to travel to New York on Friday to brief him about their findings.

It was not clear whether a meeting to discuss the hacking had been scheduled for Tuesday or, if so, why it did not occur. But Mr. Trump’s insinuation was that intelligence officials were intentionally withholding information from him. For weeks, he has dismissed their findings and strongly criticized the intelligence agencies, saying they cannot be trusted because they were convinced, incorrectly, that there were weapons of mass destruction in Iraq before the United States’ 2003 invasion.

The decision by Mr. Comey and Mr. Clapper to brief Mr. Trump in person appears to be an effort to show him how seriously they take their conclusions that the Russian government was behind the hacking of Democratic officials before the election.

Last month, President Obama ordered the intelligence agencies and national security officials to provide him with a full report on Russia’s meddling. The White House has not said when the report will be completed, but Sean Spicer, a spokesman for Mr. Trump, told reporters on Tuesday that Mr. Trump had requested the same briefing Mr. Obama receives once the report is done. Mr. Spicer said he expected that to happen this week.