An internet campaign pushing for the release of a classified memo produced by Republicans on the House Intelligence Committee has brought new scrutiny to how foreign groups can use social media to manipulate U.S. politics.

Social media giants Twitter and Facebook were already under pressure from lawmakers over Russian actors’ use of the platforms to meddle in the 2016 presidential race. Now the hashtag campaign centered on the memo, #ReleaseTheMemo, has turned up the heat even further.

Republicans want the memo in question — a classified report created by House Intelligence Committee Chairman Devin Nunes Devin Gerald NunesSunday shows preview: Justice Ginsburg dies, sparking partisan battle over vacancy before election Sunday shows preview: With less than two months to go, race for the White House heats up Sunday shows preview: Republicans gear up for national convention, USPS debate continues in Washington MORE (R-Calif.) that supposedly offers proof of malfeasance in the investigation into the Trump campaign and Russia — declassified and released to the public.

Much of the #ReleaseTheMemo push has come from GOP politicians and conservative media figures. But an analysis produced by Hamilton 68, a project of the Alliance for Securing Democracy, found that Twitter accounts associated with Russian “troll farms” were also active in promoting the hashtag.

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Hamilton 68’s findings prompted Sen. Mark Warner Mark Robert WarnerIntelligence chief says Congress will get some in-person election security briefings Overnight Defense: Trump hosts Israel, UAE, Bahrain for historic signing l Air Force reveals it secretly built and flew new fighter jet l Coronavirus creates delay in Pentagon research for alternative to 'forever chemicals' House approves bill to secure internet-connected federal devices against cyber threats MORE (Va.), the top Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee and a frequent critic of the social media companies, to slam the tech giants for not acting faster on foreign social media manipulation.

“It shows why we’ve been so frustrated that from these social media companies we get this incremental progress,” Warner told reporters on Thursday. “It’s like pulling teeth out of them. I think as this debate continues to build, I think the question of their responsibility to our country — questions continue to arise.”

Hamilton 68’s data also spurred Rep. Adam Schiff Adam Bennett SchiffTop Democrats call for DOJ watchdog to probe Barr over possible 2020 election influence Overnight Defense: Top admiral says 'no condition' where US should conduct nuclear test 'at this time' | Intelligence chief says Congress will get some in-person election security briefings Overnight Defense: House to vote on military justice bill spurred by Vanessa Guillén death | Biden courts veterans after Trump's military controversies MORE (D-Calif.), the ranking member of the House Intelligence Committee, and Sen. Dianne Feinstein Dianne Emiel FeinsteinNames to watch as Trump picks Ginsburg replacement on Supreme Court McConnell says Trump nominee to replace Ginsburg will get Senate vote Top Democrats call for DOJ watchdog to probe Barr over possible 2020 election influence MORE (D-Calif.), the ranking member of the Senate Judiciary Committee, to ask Facebook and Twitter to provide a public report about ongoing Russian influence on their platforms.

“It is critically important that the Special Counsel’s investigation be allowed to proceed without interference from inside or outside the United States,” the two lawmakers wrote in a letter Tuesday. “That is why we seek your assistance in our efforts to counter Russia’s continuing efforts to manipulate public opinion and undermine American democracy and the rule of law.”

“I’m not a bots expert, but I do know that active measures are still going on against the United States,” Feinstein told the Hill. “It’s deeply concerning.”

Lawmakers don’t believe that post-2016 influence efforts have been isolated to the #ReleaseTheMemo campaign.

Warner said he believed that Russian bots were also promoting a “Trumpian view of a shutdown,” and promoting the idea that the government shutdown was “the Schumer shutdown,” a reference to Senate Minority Leader Charles Schumer Chuck SchumerRepublican senator says plans to confirm justice before election 'completely consistent with the precedent' Video of Lindsey Graham arguing against nominating a Supreme Court justice in an election year goes viral Graham signals support for confirming a Supreme Court nominee this year MORE (D-N.Y.).

Both companies have been publicly mum on the matter. Facebook said that it had received the letter and was reviewing it. Twitter said in a statement that it “look[s] forward to working closely with Senator Feinstein and Congressman Schiff to address their questions."

In the past, though, Twitter challenged the credibility of outside research on its platform by groups such as Hamilton 68.

“Because third-party researchers do not have access to internal signals that Twitter can access, their bot and spam detection methodologies must be based on public information and often rely on human judgment, rather than on internal signals available to us,” the company said in a Thursday statement to the Senate Intelligence Committee. “The initial evaluation of whether an account is or is not a bot, however, relies on an individual assessment and is, therefore, inherently imprecise.”

A source with knowledge of the matter said that, as of Wednesday, the company had found that #ReleaseTheMemo efforts were the results of normal, organic posts by real users, instead of coming from a coordinated bot campaign. Meanwhile, social media users calling for the memo to be released pushed back on the idea that they were all bot accounts, posting selfies holding signs that said “#NotABot.”

Twitter’s response has frustrated experts whose work has been challenged by the company.

Kris Shaffer, who has researched Russian influence efforts on Twitter, summed up the company's outlook on external research as “you can only trust Twitter to tell you what's really going on Twitter.”

Shaffer and other researchers stand by their work, and say that they think Twitter isn’t doing enough to find bots on its own platform.

“If you look online, there’s no shortage of bot detection software. Why do people develop these things? Because they perceive, correctly, that Twitter isn’t doing enough,” said Katherine Haenschen, a Virginia Tech professor who researches social media and politics. “The platforms themselves have not done enough to address these questions. They lost the benefit of the doubt a long time ago.”