Syria crisis: Child refugees reach 'one million' Published duration 23 August 2013

media caption The BBC's Jim Muir meets the Syrian children who do not officially exist

UN agencies say the number of children forced to flee Syria has reached one million, describing the figure as "a shameful milestone".

The UN's refugee agency and Unicef say a further two million children are displaced within the country.

More than 100,000 people have been killed in the conflict, according to UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon.

He has also called for an investigation "without delay" into the recent alleged chemical weapons attack near Damascus.

Activists say hundreds were killed in Wednesday's attack, and Mr Ban is sending disarmament chief Angela Kane to Damascus to press for an investigation, his spokesman Eduardo del Buey said on Thursday.

Russia - Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's main ally - on Friday urged Syrian rebels to ensure that a UN team already in the country had safe access to the site of the alleged attack.

'Traumatised'

The UN says children now make up half of all refugees fleeing Syria. About three-quarters of those children are under 11.

"The youth of Syria are losing their homes, their family members and their futures," said UN high commissioner for refugees Antonio Guterres.

"Even after they have crossed a border to safety, they are traumatised, depressed and in need of a reason for hope," he said.

Most of the children have arrived in Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, Iraq and Egypt, the UN says, and increasingly Syrians are fleeing to North Africa and Europe.

But with its appeal for Syria less than 40% funded, the two UN agencies say they are struggling to meet the needs of the refugees.

Just 118,000 of the refugee children have been able to continue in some sort of education, and a fifth have received psychosocial counselling.

The BBC's Imogen Foulkes in Geneva says the agencies are now warning of a lost generation that are ill-equipped to bring peace and stability to their country in the future.

"We must all share the shame," said Unicef executive director Anthony Lake, "because while we work to alleviate the suffering of those affected by this crisis, the global community has failed in its responsibility to this child.

"We should stop and ask ourselves how, in all conscience, we can continue to fail the children of Syria."

Roger Hearn, Save the Children's regional director for the Middle East, added: "It is appalling that the world has stood and watched as one million children have been forced from their country, terrified, traumatised and in some cases orphaned."

The UN says the conflict in Syria has caused the world's worst refugee crisis for 20 years, with numbers not seen since the 1994 genocide in Rwanda.

media caption Syrian refugees have 'swamped' the border crossing, Jim Muir reports

It says more than 1.7million people have registered as refugees since the uprising against the rule of President Assad began in March 2011.

More than 40,000 Syrians have poured over the border of Iraqi Kurdistan since a new wave of arrivals began in the region a week ago.

Shocking footage

Speaking of the alleged chemical attack, Mr Ban said: "Any use of chemical weapons anywhere, by anybody, under any circumstances, would violate international law. Such a crime against humanity should result in serious consequences for the perpetrator."

Mr Ban has asked the Syrian government to let UN weapons inspectors, who are already in the country, investigate the allegations.

media caption UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon: "Any use of chemical weapons anywhere, by anybody, under any circumstances, would violate international law"

"I can think of no good reason why any party - either government or opposition forces - would decline this opportunity to get to the truth of the matter," Mr Ban said from the South Korean capital, Seoul.

The inspection team currently only has a mandate to visit three previously agreed sites, including the northern town of Khan al-Assal, where some 26 people were killed in an alleged chemical attack in March.

There is no sign yet that Damascus will allow the team to extend its mission, and Syrian adviser Bassam Abu Abdullah told the BBC he believed it would not be allowed to visit the site.

Dr Bassam said the chemical attack was carried out by what he called a terrorist group, to prevent a military operation by the Syrian army.

The government earlier described the allegations that it sanctioned the use of chemical weapons as "illogical and fabricated".

But unverified footage shows civilians - many of them children - apparently suffering horrific symptoms, as well as rows of shrouded bodies.

Chemical weapons experts have told the BBC that footage appears genuine and that the injuries shown are consistent with nerve agents.

International clamour over the alleged chemical attacks has continued to grow.

French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius warned that France must react "with force" if the use of chemical weapons was confirmed.