WASHINGTON ― The Pentagon has continued to take steps to defend its military bases against extreme weather despite direction from President Donald Trump to stop preparing for climate change.

In March, President Donald Trump rescinded all climate-related federal agency actions directed by President Barack Obama. The Obama-era initiatives that were killed included one that directed the Pentagon to plan for a future where storms, like this week’s Hurricane Irma, are a frequent factor in the Pentagon’s operations.

To meet Obama’s order, the Defense Department published a “climate change roadmap” in 2014 and launched a defensewide review of its installations to identify vulnerabilities.

“A changing climate will have real impacts on our military and the way it executes its missions,” the Defense Department concluded in the 2014 report. “The military could be called upon more often to support civil authorities … in the face of more frequent and more intense natural disasters.”

“Hampton Roads region in Virginia, which houses the largest concentration of U.S. military sites in the world, we see recurrent flooding today, and we are beginning work to address a projected sea-level rise of 1.5 feet over the next 20 to 50 years,” the roadmap concluded.

In January 2016, DoD issued directive 4715.21, “Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience,” which among other things implemented the 2014 roadmap.

Yet the 2014 roadmap was invalidated by Trump’s March 28 executive order, the Pentagon said. It is also now reviewing directive 4715.21, “to determine if it should be suspended, revised, or rescinded,” Pentagon spokesman Lt. Cmdr. Patrick Evans said.

Still, Trump’s executive order has not stopped the military from preparing for climate change.

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The DoD has found space to maneuver by separating the argument of climate change from the threats that more extreme sea states, wind and flooding can generate. Essentially, the DoD is moving forward by leaving the semantics of climate change to others.

“It makes a lot of sense to prepare for a wide variety of natural disasters,” said retired Marine Corps Col. Mark Cancian, a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. “Even if there were no climate change, you would want to be ready for hurricanes, you would want to be ready for floods. I think the department is framing it in that context ―– just preparing for adverse events.”

The Pentagon spokesman said that is what the Pentagon’s doing.

“As Secretary Mattis has said, the department evaluates all potential threats that impact mission readiness, personnel health and installation resilience, then uses that information to assess impacts and identify responses,” Evans said. “The effect of a changing climate is one of a variety of threats and risks, but it’s not a mission of the Department of Defense.”

Hampton Roads is home to more than 60 of the Navy’s ships, including six aircraft carriers: the Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, George H.W. Bush and Gerald R. Ford. Hampton Roads has hundreds of fixed-wing and rotary aircraft and more than 83,000 active duty military.

Naval Facilities Engineering Command Mid-Atlantic, the command responsible for ensuring Hampton Roads is ready for those storms, hasn’t stopped fortifying the installation for future extreme weather.

“Serious weather events, like nor’easters and other storms like our recent [2016 Hurricane Matthew] are a challenge in this area, said NAVFAC Mid-Atlantic spokesman Todd Lyman. “NOAA ranks us just below New Orleans for vulnerability.”

“I can’t talk the science, but I can tell you what we’ve done,” Lyman said. “For many years NAVFAC has been replacing any single-deck pier with double-deck piers. We’ve also built structures here at a higher elevation than code requires in an effort to improve stormwater management. The goal is for us to continue our mission, maintain resilience.”

Weather’s toll on the military

Another part of the now invalidated roadmap was the DoD’s assumption that a growing part of its operations would become response to weather disasters.

By Sept. 11, more than 17,000 military personnel and several Navy vessels were positioned to assist with relief efforts in the U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico and continental United States after Hurricane Irma tore through the region and left about a third of Florida residents without power.

And as of Sept. 6, approximately 20,000 personnel ― including about 3,000 U.S. military and 16,000 members of the Texas National Guard ― were involved in relief efforts following Hurricane Harvey, which made landfall Aug. 25 and dumped nearly 50 inches of rain on southeast Texas.

The military also moved critical aircraft and ships out of the way of Irma’s projected path.

At Shaw Air Force Base in South Carolina, for example, the Air Force sent 50 F-16 fighter jets away to better protect them, base spokeswoman Lt. Alannah Staver said.

Shaw’s hangars have withstood previous storms, including Category 5 Hurricane Hugo in 1989, Staver said. Hugo buffeted Shaw’s hangars with 109 mph winds and the hangars held on, she said.

But the Air Force wanted to disperse its fighters to avoid the risk that storm damage could make the airfield inoperable.

Close call

When Harvey made landfall last month, it hit just north of two critical Navy flight training bases on the Texas coast.

Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, which is located on the bay, spent the day before landfall trying to take some preliminary measures to protect their offices from what was anticipated to be a direct hit and 12-foot water surge. They put computers high on desks and cleared out any debris from base drains to help water clear faster.

Then Harvey turned upward at the last minute, and NAS Corpus Christi only had minimal damage.

But the base is now putting together lessons learned to see what parts of the installation should be strengthened for the next hurricane.

With additional reporting by Kyle Rempfer