One of the ways TPP will raise drug prices is by means of its Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) tribunals. These are extra-judicial panels empowered by the treaty to override U.S. law with rulings that are not subject to appeal. In fact, the ISDSs would function as secret courts because their rulings wouldn't even have to be publicly disclosed. That means even if Medicare did receive authority to negotiate prices and used its purchasing power to secure an affordable deal on a particular drug, the pharma company could challenge any agreement in an ISDS. The tribunal wouldn't even have to divulge a reason for granting a higher price.