Crimea's residents aren't the only Europeans striving for secession, with referendums in both Scotland and Spain's Catalonia planned for later this year. But the phenomenon appears to be spreading: this week Venetians have been voting on breaking away from Italy, albeit in a referendum not recognized by Rome or regional authorities. Paolo Bernardini, professor of European history at the University of Insubria in Como, Italy, has been campaigning for an independent Venice since 2007. He said the city was free for around 1,100 years – before losing its independence to Napoleon in 1797 – and it was "high time" for it to become an autonomous state once again. (Read more: Another Crimea? Ukraine's neighbor asks to join Russia) "Although history never repeats itself, we are now experiencing a strong return of little nations, small and prosperous countries,able to interact among each other in the global world," he told CNBC. "Venetian people realized that we are a nation (worthy of) self-rule and openly oppressed, and the entire world is moving towards fragmentation - a positive fragmentation - where local traditions mingle with global exchanges."

Voters leave a polling station after having casted their vote in Venice, Italy Marco Secchi | Getty Images

It is this fierce pride in their cultural heritage that unites the states striving for autonomy – and could lead to more independence bids in the future.

(Read more: Catalonia: The next independent state in Europe?)

"Catalonia, Scotland, the Basque Country, Wales and Flanders are distinct nations with a long history behind and a strong will to govern themselves," Xavier Solano, former representative of the Catalan Government in the U.K., told CNBC. "Perhaps not all of them will bid for independence, however it seems reasonable to believe that some of them may think that their future would be better in their own hands. I am convinced that EU internal borders will be re-shaped by the democratic will of the people." Taxing reasons Much like in Scotland and Catalonia, those in favor of an independent Venice - as part of an autonomous Veneto region - cite economic reasons for breaking away from their parent states. Italy receives around 71 billion euros ($96 billion) each year in tax from Venice, according to AFP - some 21 billion euros less than it gets back in investment and services.



"Even without such a long history of statehood, Venice should regain its independence and keep home the fruits of their labor," he added. Veneto makes up over 9 percent of Italy's gross domestic product (GDP). By contrast, Catalonia accounts for roughly one-fifth of Spain's gross domestic product, and Scotland accounts for just over 8 percent of the U.K. economic output (excluding North Sea oil and gas revenue). Crimea is 'completely different'

The Venice vote – due to end Friday – comes just a week after Crimea voted overwhelmingly in favor of leaving Ukraine and becoming part of the Russian Federation, although the European Union and U.S. have deemed the referendum illegal. (Read more: No surprises in Crimea vote; what's next between West, Russia?)

However Nicolas de Santis, president of global business think-tank Gold Mercury International, was quick to stress that Crimea's bid for independence was completely different to that in Scotland, Catalonia and Venice.

"The majority of people in Crimea speak Russia; they don't speak Ukrainian. And the way in which Crimea was gifted to Ukraine by the Soviet Union makes its history very different to that of Scotland and Catalonia," he told CNBC.