Gosens moved to Vitesse Arnhem II in 2012, where he was retrained to the left-back position and was initially intended for the club's U-23 reserve. In July 2013 he signed a professional contract for the first team of coach Peter Bosz. In order to get playing practice, Gosens was loaned to the second division club FC Dordrecht for the second half of the season in January 2014, where he was considered by the local press as the "king transfer". A few days later, he made his debut in the Eerste Divisie in a 1-1 draw with Excelsior Rotterdam. With FC Dordrecht he advanced to the Eredivisie at the end of the season. In the summer of 2015, Gosens moved to Heracles Almelo, with whom he qualified for the European Cup after the 2015/16 Eredivisie. After two years he left the club and joined Atalanta Bergamo in the Italian Serie A. With Atalanta Bergamo he reached the last sixteen of the UEFA Europa League in the 2017/18 season, in which the Lombards were eliminated narrowly against Borussia Dortmund in the sixteenth-finals. Gosens established himself as a regular on the left flank and, finishing third in Serie A 2018/19, he made it to the Champions League with Atalanta.