WASHINGTON—Four State Department officials were relieved of their posts Wednesday in the wake of a scathing report about the September attacks on the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi, Libya, as Secretary of State Hillary Clinton faced new calls to testify about her role in responding to the terrorist assault.

The disciplinary action came a day after an independent review board appointed by Mrs. Clinton described "systemic failures" by the department in responding to the rising security threats against American personnel in Libya this year.

Three who lost their jobs Wednesday worked in the State Department's diplomatic security bureau and included Assistant Secretary Eric Boswell and his deputy, Charlene Lamb, who was in charge of security at overseas U.S. missions.

A third unidentified official from that bureau was also removed, as was a diplomat from the State Department's Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, which coordinates U.S. policy in the Middle East and North Africa.

"All four individuals have been placed on administrative leave pending further action," State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland said Wednesday.