Full text of "Martin Luther King Jr. FBI Files"

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND PRIVACY ACTS SUBJECT: MARTIN L UT HER KIN G JR . FILE NUMBER: 100-10667 0 SU B - A FILE SECTION: 5 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION THE BEST COPY OBTAINABLE IS INCLUDED IN THE REPRODUCTION OF THESE DOCUMENTS. PAGES INCLUDED THAT ARE BLURRED, LIGHT, OR OTHERWISE DIFFICULT TO READ ARE THE RESULT OF THE CONDITION OF THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENT. NO BETTER COPY CAN BE REPRODUCED. SUB - A F/te /06 - /Ot C 76 Seer So a/ r ' > ■VF-ji**- To Ison Belmont Sullivai^i. / J^Tavel — / • Trotter _ Tele Room . Holmes Gandy r f r> m II UPI-?? (RACIAL) / (_J »t/.S?S A £JJ5 E «7l HE: Prv * feR--JlAfi.niU.WTHCR-.KINC JR.^ROPO^r A PILL 0^ "“K°?oJ$E nar T0 «« »™ *•“ «™ vhich I VE “d I S AOVAN' TMEnS AMILI eI* PI RE CT E PAYMENT VeUNJ^ATE^ThFcaP ACTUAL ANNUAL INCOME AND THE LEVEL OE SUDSISTENC r heaJ? E h sTr^s^e 0 Ss?eT IDE rREE ouality ed " cation a « d a/- tf. ALA. --THE XU XLUX V L AN FILED A *500.000 DAMAGE SUIT EDITCr[aL* E T ^ SCALC0SA NEWS AND PUBLISHER ^ORDj b 60 NE E OP "CEE AMATORY" 4TT J*^L*5 A-^eE, ELA.--THE NAACP COES INTO EEDEPAl'cOUPT TODAY IN AM ATTEMPT TO DESEGREGATE THE CITY'S SWIMMING POOLS. COVINGTON, TENN. --NEGROES SAID THEY WILL DEMONSTRATE NFXT vrrv te ?? P P?ON ST C 1 oI;n AT TY T S HE CH Y 00 T E B S% E sVm N : I)EOUATE AND DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES IN THE ^AINMf A AL[KED H iK lK5^f^%K S J^ S c 5^ D {}gjyc^S [FOR A NONENT CP PRAYER IN HONOR OP ADLAI STEVWSON YH.TEPRAY *L V 55 ANNOUNCED THAT rep. ADAM CLAYTON POVELL . r- m.y vrifl r uni n lnw S Tnfv T ff NED CONGRESSIONAL HEARINGS ON CHICAGO sfHOOL Pr6bLENS HERE ■ WV JULY 31 » ^ ‘ 7/1 5--GE959A /i 0 -b sk & $/ nt ^ r ’ REC- 24 ' , ■ rt ,f' *1 - - \ M /J /|'7 / not REflhTf.- ' ij 1 /, l 99'“’l 29 1 965 l ^ __ ' ' ;! v#*' WASHINGTON CAPITAL ‘NEWS SERVICE fc 7tr ,v A' w^) (Mount Clipping in Space NY Policeman Sues 1 King for 1.5 Million * By A CHS AH POSEY A New York police lieutenant filed a $1.5 million libel suit against Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. here Wednesday, charging that King “maliciously" called the fatal shooting of a Harlan S outh last year “murder." I Lt. Thomas R. Gilligan filet fend an l to publish statcmcms he suit in U S. District Cour intending to convey and expose ere. He had served with th» the plaintiff (Gilligan) to hatred, ^ew York police department 17 contempt, ridicule, aversion and years prior to July 16, 1964, to impugn plaintiff’s character when he shot 15-year-old James as a man and in his employment Powell. The shooting spurred as a policeman,” the suit con- , Negro riots in Harlem. tends. Gilligan charges that King A grand jury and a depart- stated on television in New r York mental investigation cleared and other states on July 27, 1964 Gilligan of any wrongdoing in ; that: “ ‘Murder has been com- ^e shooting. [ milted. The shooting of James Earlier Gilligan filed suitjin Powell bv Lt. Gilligan was mur- New York courts for $3.75 rill- tj er< * ” lion against King. James Farm- j an^Dublish^^bv^dcfcndanl Racial Equalit^"?oXrcivU ! (King) with reason to believe nghte leaders and organizations, the Lme to be false and with g« c . har « cd lhe >' l w f e «'?“!- iaclualnraiice towards »be plain- (Gilligan) persuant to i viously existing and contii - r g policy on the part of d< - seven me ritorious aw ards, thre e accommodation aw r ar<Js and She exceptional merit award from the New York City Police de- partment. “Prior to the time complained of plaintiff enjoyed an outstand- ing and excellent reputation for competency, intelligence, hon- esty, integrity and value both as a man and as a policeman,” the suit asserts. i Gilligan’s complaint charges that as a result of King’s state- ments on television July 27 and a' i vm iuus places betv fcTu Ju r y 1 17 and July 30, 1964, accusing him of a “heinous crime” the lieutenant has been “held up to ridicule And contempt by hfe friends, Acquaintances and t* public” and has been “irrepai- ably damaged” as a police offi- cer. gan’s picture and the words “Wanted for Murder.” Gilligan is represented by At - 1 lanta attorney Chandler Crim Jr., a plaintiff in the Georgia Congressional reapportionment case, along with state Sen. James Wesberry.jKing is an At- lanta resident and the suit was filed in federal court on the ground of diversity of citiin- 4p- l fine suit, states Gilligan had received 10 excellence awards, . i v- ! .?tr. Ti./. l J ... i Mr. Tu i Tele. 2liss H Misa Gsmdy. (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) Page 1. TKe Atlanta Constitution , Atlanta, Georgia, Date: 7/15/65 Edition: Morning Author: Achsah Posey Editor: Eugene Patterso Ttue: . Mar tin Lu ther King, Jr, Character: RM jr j 167 JUL 28 1965 Submitting Office: Atlanta l Being Investigated -0 LIEOTrWLLlGANMIE&, DR. KING FOR MILLION Special to Tht New York Times ATLANTA, July 14 — A 11.5 million slander suit wasFfijid against Dr.Martin Luther King Jr. tods? — try — g imm^y W Lieut. Thomas R. Gilligan of the New York Police Depart- ment. The suite, filed in United States District Court here, (charges that Dr, King ma- liciously defamed the lieutenant by accusing him of having (murdered a Negro teen-ager In New York. ' Lieutenant Gilligan shot and ikilled James Powell last sum- mer. He said the youth had ! attacked him. A grand jury and departmental investigation later cleared him of accusa- tions that he had fired hastily and without justification. The case was mentioned fre- quently during racial unrest | last summer in several North- eastern cities. The suit filed on. Lieutenant | Gilligan's behalf asserts that Dr. King Sftid publicly last July 27 : “Murder has been The chr^ i r.g ^ of Gilligan was murder.” Belmont — Mohr DeLouch Casper Callahan — Conrad Felt Gale Rosen Sullivan Tavei Trotter Tele Room . Holmes Gandy The Washington Post and . The Washington Daily Ne The Evening Star _____ — _ i York. Journal- American - The New York Tiroes . J (\ A / O ( , ( ■ ') 0 / no r recorded, ~ ‘07 JUl 27 1965 The Wall Street Journal . People's World . ^ ^ r«e» - «X«KED f** ”” » !Ul 15 196 cn Sc&e«l!t3cri for Early * Dr. King to Visit Here for Two Days In 4 PeopIe-to-People’ Tour of Nor th The Rev. Dr. Martip Luthe r Jr. will visit Washington for two days early next month in the final phase of his Northern cities “people - to- people” tour. The visit, emphasizing con-i ferences with local leaders as! well as mass meetings and! street-comer rallies, is tenta- tively scheduled for Aug. 3 and 4. Dr. King launched the project to introduce his Southern non-violent crusade* for civil rights to large North-! ern cities, many of which fear another summer of racial tur- moil. Alt hough, the six-city tour is sponsored by Dr. King’s Southern Christian Leader- ship Conference, all groups concerned with housing, em- ployment, education and wel- fare are being urged to join the planning efforts. In announcing the Washing- ton visit yesterday, the Rev. Jefferson P. Rogers, president of the local SCLC unit, said the D. C. Coalition of Con- cience, which has been cam- paigning for local welfare re- forms, is being asked to coor- dinate preparations. Mr. Rogers said the visit stems from a “deep-felt con- cern for fundamental social change ... not from a scatter- ing of grou ps on th e periph- ery, but frofh wilai Ts coming from the center of the Negro community.” The aim, he said, is not “steam-releasing demonstrations.” The tour, which is being directed by the Rev. Walter E. Fauntroy of Washington, begins July 24 in Chicago, where concern has focused on ousting School Superintend- ent Benjamin C. Willis, Oth- er stops probably will include Cleveland. Harlem. Brooklyn Newark and Philadelphia. Dr. King has indicated these visits mev be followed by a more intensive, pro- longed campaign in one of the cities to channel unrest into nonviolent demonstrations for better schools, jobs, housing and other goals. * » ! {Belmont ^ MohrC} D Casper Callahan _ Conrad Felt _ Gale Rosen Sullivan -L T avel Trotter Tele Room Holmes — Gandy i+t\. The Washington Post The Washington Dally New t York Herald Tribun //v y /_ * |YOT* ^rrtOBDED i i * The Wall Street Jourr \ UJLl 5 1965 A') JU J UUL. *■- w F 0-3 5.0 (4-3-62) King Helps The Reds It is about titfijpthat somebody pointed out that M artin Luthe r Ring is giving invaluable aid and support - lb ' the -plans and programs of the Com- munist party. Recently, King stated that the time has come now to involve the civil rights movement in the United States with the problems of war in Viet- nam. “It is worthless to talk about integrating,’' said King, “if there is no world to integrate in." This line comes straight out of the Communist book. The fundamental line of the Communist party In the United States and all over the world is sim- ple enough. "If you don’t give in to us, we will threaten you with nuclear war.” This threat lies behind every Communist policy and every Com- munist aggression, in Vietnam, in the Dominican Republic, in Cuba and everywhere else in the world. - PRESIDENT JOHNSON has proved in the Do- minican Republic, as President Kennedy proved in Cuba, that there is only one way to stop the ad- vance of Communist aggression and that is to stop it— with arms if necessary. Now King, the president of the “Southern Chris- tian Leadership Conference,” has decided that American Negroes should oppose the President in his attempts to stop Communist aggression. And in the name of civil rights! Neither King nor any other American Negro will have any civil rights if the Communists suc- ceed in their plans to take over country after country until they reach the shores of the United States. What civil rights do the colored people or the white people inside the Soviet Union have now? None! None whatsoever. Martin Luther King has won sympathy and sup- port of millions of Americans in recent years in his peaceful efforts to dramatize the deprivation of many American Negroes of their rights as American citizens. But nothing could harm the cause of civil rights more than to line it up with Communist policies and Communist aims in Vietnam, the Dominican Republic, Cuba or any other place where communism seeks to conquer and rule. — ALTHOUGH KING IS NOT a Communist, he is doing exactly what the Communists themselves propose and have advocated for years. Along with left wing professors, liberal columnists and outright Communist party members, he Is taking the part of the enemy in this struggle for freedom and national independence. The civil rights movement is an authentic American movement. Martin Luther King's at- tempt to twist it to the uses of the Communists is an aati-Anieaqan movement * 0 uV' p f) / m , I (Indicate page, name ol newspaper, city and state.) PAGE 6 ARIZONA. RDn^LIC PHO-PTX , 7/14/65 NOT RECORDED iq^n movement lost Americans, Negro and white, I*®* AUG 2 1965 understand this. And we hope they will let King know in no uncertain terms that they do. 0-20 t H i' v . 1 2- 1 4-64 ) T olson . fSelmonf. ^ Mohr ' Delife Casper Callahan z: / Conrad felt ■ / Rosen / Sullivan ( Tavel _ Trotter . «^=zz \ 1 1 i vnn ’ Tele Room . Holmes Gandy . UPI-1S0 (KING-LIBEL) nB ^ TL ^J**^5R° LEADER DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. HAD A $1.5 MILLION jATTORNEYsVcR^NEV^YORK^CITY^POLICE^LTf^THOMAS^R^ CILLIGAN^ T ° DAY BY kGR0 L Y0UTH ALLEGEDl\ K ATTACKED E HIm” JA " ES LAST YEA * VHEN THE SooI^c*of" JAMe| I ^IlP W ® ’r*RKR N HAS A BEEN COMMITTED. 11 THE™* SHOOTING OE JAMES POVELL BY LT, CILLIGAN WAS MURDER." 7/14--DPii 09PED, . /o & L ') o y N' w P MCCSBEI' 507 JUL l-.ci 1965 • ft- Vife S 1 •">6 JUL 291965 h. J ^ r I V i \ F WASHINGTON CAPITAL NEWS SERVICE t > tf: 'if- fy) l t r f: I $13 Million Suit Filed Against King (Mount Clipping in Space Below) By PAUL VALENTINE New York City police Lt. Thomas R. Giliigan filed a $1.5 million slander suit against Martin Luther King Jr. in fed eral court here Wednesday! charging the Negro leader false By accused him of murderinJ fa Negro youth. \ k ( Lt. Giliigan shot and killed teen - ager James Powell last summer after the youth alleg- edly attacked him. The policeman received con- siderable criticism from civil rights spokesmen during the rest of the summer which was interspersed with racial rioting in a number of large north- eastern cities. GILLIGAN ultimately was cleared by an investigating heard in New York of any wrongdoing. He continues as a lieutenant on the force now. Mn the suit filed here, he James s mur- Kilg n sij)- claims Dr. King said publicly last July 27: “Murder has been commit- ted. The shooting of James Powel by Lt. Giliigan was m der.” The suit alleges Dr. made similar remarks on sequent dates as well. The remarks were made “willfully, wantonly, malicious- ly and with intent to hurt, in- jure, defame, dishonor and damage” Lt. Gilligan’s reputa- tion, the suit contends. DR. KING knew the murder accusation was false, but he said it anyway to “expose the plaintiff to hatred, contempt, ridicule, aversion and to impugn the plaintiff’s character,” the suit further charges. 1 The suit observes that Gilii- gan has received numerous sir- vice awards during his 17 yeiA’S 'on the police force. -i Jk 1 1 Mi. •' Mr. T Mi. ’! i Tole. 1 Miss 1 Miss t; (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) Page 1. ^Fhe Atlanta Journal Atlanta, Georgia. Date: 7/14/65 idition: Final Author: Paul Valentine Dditor: Jack Spalding :m e: M a rtin Li 1 1 he r O "King, Jr.* Character: PM Class! flea tion: Submitting Office: __ Atlanta [«J Being In ves ttgated 'I uh.Qll BnJmont s __ Mohr IVLonf'l) ('us per Collation ____ Conrad _______ Felt - Gale _ Rosen Sullivan Tavel Trotter Tele Room Holmes Gandy law*. , 1 King and S. Africa^ ATLANTA-^Ihe Rev. Dr. MarUij. Lu ther Kin g Jr. said he wouftigo to South Africa to speak to a convention of students if he is allowed to entet 1 the country. “I don’t think I will be allowed to enter South Africa,” he said, "but* I will apply for a visa.” Dr. King plans a month-long tour of Africa in September, and was invited to open the convention of the National ( j Union of South African Stu- dents. The invitation touetted j off angry reactions a motif- I pro-apartheid South A*d- *cans. __:J The Washington Daily News The Evening Star New York Herald Tribune New York J ournal-American . New York Daily News New York Post The New York Times The Baltimore Sun _______ The Worker The Now Leader The Wall Street Journal The National Observer FD-350 (4-3-62) (Mount Clipping In Spoc 'P itu ^3 Kin g Joins 'Teoch-ln* Movement L. King Jr, now has nroclaimnd Pu 0n ft,™,,**. n • j . T , L J Dr. Martin L. King Jr, now has proclaimed tfe will join the “teach-in” movement to back the “Get-Out of-Vietnam” drive. In support of its leader, the .Southern Christian Leadership Conference has passed a resolution asking that American troops' be withdrawn from South Viet- nam. Rev, King’s moves of late seem to be In- creasingly hasty and ill-considered as he flies about the country from one protest movement to another. He appears trying to draw a cloak of infallibility about himself. When Mayor Daley of Chicago charged Com- munists were taking part in Chicago school pro* ! “sts, Martin King was positive it wasn’t so. ^hen one of his lieutenants in Alabama was ccused of embezzlement, King immediately imped to his defense. Even though President Johnson has handet Rev. King the biggest civil rights prize in year** in the proposed voting rights Jaw, King now turns away from the President to support the leftist propaganda forums, commonly known as “teach-ins.” In so doing he is encouraging further divi- sion in the country on Vietnam at a time when the nation needs unity. This arbitrary demand that American troops be withdrawn from Viet- nam only plays into the Red Chinese hands. This issue Is certainly no business of the rights movement. King would be well advised to reconsider his plunge into the raucous pacifist surge. In the end he will damage his own civil rights cans! if he continues on his present irresponsible course. 1 (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) St Louis Globe- l6A Democrat, St. Louis, Missouri St. Louis Post- Dispatch, St. Louis, Missouri The St. Louis Argus , St. Louis Missouri l\ v T I f W 7-12-65 Editor: Richard H. Amberg Title: Publisher ¥0-JUI 0 King EncountersTdficoln's Law calm routes to obvious solutions. A “ne- gotiated peace” has never been his per- sonal forte when flamboyance and ' There’s an old rule of thumb that if you give a man a reputation, he’ll try to live up to it. , , , , x Apparently, that i*$he case with the demagoguery could be used to excite Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. who last public opinion and draw funds to fl- y^arrqtrTTe to everyone^s "surprise, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, King’s nance his activities and a rising stand- ard of living. Naturally, King’s comments on the Viet Nam situation are so much bushwa. He has boarded one band- wagon which other Negro leaders pre- fer to ignore. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People’s Koy Wilkins observed, for in- stance, that his organization’s goals re- , .-it- l. quired all its energies and left little In time and particularly since be ^ {or pJddUng jn forejgn affairs fit himself national reputation was born in Mont- gomery, Alabama, where he proclaimed a policy of “non-violence” in demon- strations against racial segregation. And it was not long before he was very much in demand elsewhere as an orator and organizer of other protests along identical lines. received the Peace Prize— King broad- ened his horizons. Recently he has been issuing pronunciamentos on foreign af- fairs and; particularly, in criticism of U.S. policy in Viet Nam, drawing the anger of both congressmen and an ad- ministration which has leaned over \ backward to meet King’s demands on I civil rights matters. I The Negro minister calls for an im- * mediate negotiated settlement of the conflict in Southeast Asia with the ob- servation, “The only choice we have is nonviolence or nonexistence.” King quite conveniently ignores the fact that President Johnson’s frequent calls for a negotiated settlement have drawn no positive response from the Communist camp and that efforts in this same direction by leaders within the British Commonwealth have also been ignored. . All that, however, is beside the point. A gleaming thread of hypocrisy has for some time been weaving a clear .pattern in both statements and actions oi this *man of peace.” Whatever King was or was not when he began his protest iftovement in Montgomery, to- day he is primarily concerned with the reputation of Martin Luther King. And there is no small basis for suspecting that his current ambitions lead him closer and closer to the political arena. His aims in civil rights demon- strations have been designed to make But King, attempting to into an image established by the mis- placed Peace Prize, must play the states- man. The danger is that a Martin Luther King, dignified by the award, may be taken seriously by persons in other . lands who wrongly assume the Negro f minister is uniquely qualified to takel such a position on the Viet Nam issued We doubt that a far more significant observation by Hep. Frances P. Bolton of Ohio, ranking Republican on the House Foreign Affairs Committee, will receive the same headlines abroad. Mrs. Bolton minced no words regarding King’s observations. He “doesn’t have enough accurate information to make as broad and far-reaching a statement as that,” she said. But demagogues never permit the lack of accurate information to stand in the way of statements. Their appeal is to emotion, not reason, and they have far less interest in issues than in the value of the discussion to their personal gain. Happily, most demagogues eventually run up against Lincoln’s Law— “It is true that you may fool all of the people some of the time; you can even fool some of the people all of the time; but you can’t fool ail of the people all of the time.” Martin Luther King's foray into the field of foreign affairs has brought him • the presence of Martin Luther King under the influence of this rule and it felt rather than achieve specific goals, may very well mark the beginning of sAnd he has created incidents designed the end of respect for anything he has^ J^sjnvite violence rather than follow — tc-«ay. /• vi 3 ’ : (./*• ik (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) [A°> /jJ J 2* NOT - RECORDS® / 167 JUl 28 1965 2 T he Tampa Times T am pa , F i or id a Date: 7/0^65 Edition: Author: Editor: Bennett ‘DeLo Title; Classification: Submitting Office: Tcimm | | Being Investigated P-19 (Hev, i Drv-King Forecasfs Rights Campaigns! In Northern Cities! By Edmund J. Rooney 8prc]»l to The Washington Post CHICAGO, July 7 The Kev. Dr . Marlin Luther ~Kjn g Jr. said today his Southern Christian Leadership Confer- ence. workers will be “quite active" this summer promot- ing nonviolent civil rights demonstrations in at least six northern communities. “We’ve begun some work in Boston and we’ll be quite active in Chicago and four or five other major northern cities," Dr. Ring said. Aides said that while no firm commitments have been made, Dr. King is considering initiating SCLC projects in Washington, Philadelphia, Harlem and Brooklyn in New York, Newark, N.J. and Cleve- land. Dr. King announced today that he and 15 SCLC workers will conduct three days of street corner meetings, church rallies, - and demonstrations here July 24-26, “Our purpose in going into Chicago and other key northern cities is to assist the local leadership in interpreting the issues of the (civil rights) movement through a tour of Negro and selected white communities with frequent rallies on street comeirs and in churches,” he said. Last April in Baltimore, Dr. King said he expects to carry his nonviolent protest all over the Nation. # “You can expect us in Balti- more, Philadelphia, Detroit, Los Angeles an<l Chicago,” he said then. Chauncey Eskridge, an at- torney for the SCLC executive board, said’ that Dr. King is anxious that there be "con- siderable nonviolent demon- strations both in the North and South this year. Dr. King told reporters after nepgfrat the Fi fth Gener al Syn^Jgfihe United Chu rch . JUL 26196 5 of Christ that he planned to ta k e ' par f in rie momUrji turn s here protesting the retention of the Chicago school super- intendent, Benjamin C. Willis. “I’ll come to Chicago and go to other cities as a servant of humanity and as one of sev- eral civil rights leaders in the country," Dr. King said. “Our voter rights drive is doing well in the South and we are anx- ious to work hard In the North as well.” He pledged wholehearted support to efforts by civil rights leaders to get the U.S.t Department of Health, Educa- tion, and Welfare to withhold an estimated $20,000,000 in funds from this city’s schools because of the alleged segre- gation of Negro children from whites. “Pressure often tells school hoards to do what they must,” Dr. King said, “We’ve used this pressure and prodding in Alabama where it has brought] about the desired results in most of the counties.” Bogalusa, La* United Pres* International About 350 persons, most of them teenagers and children, marched on Bogalusa, La., City Hall through the rain in a civil rights demonstration yesterday, sandwiched be- tween squads of state troop- ers. ^Detachm ents from c^. t :» ( (Jl vM , Ison Mohr . Casper __ Caliahan . Conrad . ^Feit . The Washington Post and Times Herald The Washington Dally Ne The Evening Star New York Heraid Tribune New York Journal-Americon _ New York Daily News New York Post The New York Times The Baltimore Sun The Worker not fjt-rnm / NOT P'TCPDED 4tt jul 22 1915 The New.Leader The Wall Street Journal The National Observer _ People's World Date mis // 6 of^72 troopers brought into th<? rarraSy tense* southeast Louisiana papermill town inarched before and after the demonstrators. Three civil rights spokes- men entered City Hall to present a petition listing Ne- gro grievances, primarily the charge of job discrimination against Negroes, Edislo Island, S.C. Onltfd Fresi Jntfrn*Uon»! A racially mixed group made plans yesterday to ap- peal the conviction on tres- pass charges of 13 whites and Negroes arrested for trying to swim Sunday at Edisto Beach State Park, which has been closed since 1956 when a Ne- gro group sued to desegregate it. Magistrate W. E. Seabrook sentenced each to a $50 fine or 30 days in jail. An appeal bond of $650 was to be posted and alh were released pending trial in Charleston. “Among the Negroes arrest- ed Sunday was Marian Ben- nett, 21, of Washington, daugh- ter of L. Howard Bennett, of 3636 16th st. nw. He is assist- ant to the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Ci- vilian Personnel, Industrial Relations and Civil Rights. j Mobile, Ala. AftsochUtd Pm* Charges against 74 more persons arrested during racial demonstrations in Selma were dismissed by a Fed era l ' judg e | irTMobitle yesterday. I The order by U.S. District ' Ju &g<r~ ctwVI cI H. Thcg & j s vr a3 one of a long series dating back to early this year. About 3500 persons were arrested at Selma during the massive voter registration drive led by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The cases dismissed today were among hundreds placed under jurisdiction of the Fed- eral court on petition of at- torneys for the civil rights workers. The action came a day after a Birmingham Negro at- torney, Peter Hall, told a race relations institute at Fiske University in Nashville, Tonn., that he believed that “not a single person will he con- victed for anything done at Selma.” .■ , N “The right to remove cases to the Federal courts and ap- peal in Federal courts is the finest thing that has hap- pened in many years,” Hall said. “This is a weapon we can use if we have coopera- tion from the movement peo- ple,” Philadelphia, Pa. T3n5U-d Pm» InVerntUtm*! Gov. William W. Scranton will meet in Philadelphia next Monday with city and federal officials and trustees of Girard College in connection with at- tempts to integrate the all- white school. The college was set up un- der the will of colonial mer- chant prince. Stephen Girard which restricted admission to “poor, while male orphans." The local chapter of the iNAACP has been picketing the college since May 1 in ianeffort to force integration. (Mount Clipping in Sp .QUQT^OF the DAY . . . The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. explaining to 2,000 listeners at the United Church of Christ why he was one hour late: “My plane was cirdiflg ov irO’Hare lor about an hour, and I was getting a bit jittery. Don’t get me JT'J 1 have J f ® ith in God in the air but I know Him bette r on t he ground. ’ , (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) CHICAGO’S AMERICAN- CHICAGO s ILLINOIS Date: 7 Edition: Author: 3 STAR PINAL Editor: H\-j ilR DALY Tlt,e: LUKE CARROLIn DR, MARTI™ LU'HIER I ] h, noTrecorded 167 JUL 28 1965 * i jl'i- . 100-3^356 Submitting Office^ Under Investicatic (Mount Clipping in Space Below) FOREIGN POLICY PROTESTS AND U. S. CIVIL RIGHTS F )R civil rights organizations to become em- broiled in arguments over U. S. foreign poli- cy is to march dowi^a) dead-end street. Recently Dr. Martin LutherTCmg said the time had ar- involved with the problem of war. But Roy Wilkins of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and James Farmer of the Congress of Racial Equal- ity do not agree. At the C. 0. R. E. national convention a reso- i ition calling for U. S. withdrawal in Vietnam] ?as approved, then rescinded at Farmer’s urg-j r,g. The C. 0. R. E. leader said he agreed per- 1 onally with the resolution but that such decis- * .ions ought to be made by individuals and not by j the organization Wilkins said that to mix ques- j lions of Vietnam, Mississippi and Alabama , would be to confuse the issue. I Considering his philosophy of nonviolence, Dr. King undoubtedly has strong feelings about war and killing anywhere. But on this issue we be- lieve that Dr. King is wrong and that Wilkins and Farmer are right. To a considerable degree , the civil rights groups depend on public support and good will. To the extent that extraneous is- sues are brought in under the banner, support and good will are bound to be diluted. Also, the United States government— legisla- tive, judicial and executive— has, in recent years, acted very positively to advance the causes for which the civil rights organizations , have fought so effectively. Last year there was i ie Civil Rights Act of 1964. Now Congress ^ bout to pass the voting rights bill at the requesi , f the same President who guides our foreigr olicy. Is it possible that our national leadership in Congress and the White House is correct in this country but entirely in error abroad? The truth is, our foreign policy generally is based on principles of justice that apply equally Mississippi and Vietnam. Essentially the issue is the individual dignity of men and the very practical matter of self-determination-— the right to vote in the American South and the right of a people to work toward their own destiny in South Vietnam. ' * Dr. King has rightly said that “it Is worthless to talk about integrating if there is no world to integrate in.” But it ajso would be worthless to [\al£ about civil nfchfsMn a world where all hu- rin&d liberties were nonexistent. jf Mr. v.-J NOT RECORDS 167 JUL 28 1965 I (indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) I 34 Kansas City Times Kansas City, Mo. Date: 7 / 7 / 6 S Edition: Morhing _ *"• Author: Editor: Richard B*. Fowler Title: . „ * Character: RACIAL MATTERS Classification: ]_57_396 Submitting Office: Kansas Qi ty HI Being invcsllgoted JUL ... :t COREReversesCall For V ietnam Pullout . i ^ 7 By GENE ROBERTS * Sprc I* J to Th r New York Tl mi-s » V DURHAM, N. C., July 5_. * Th e Congress of Racial Equality voted today to call for the with- drawal of United States troops in Vietnam and then ' quickly reversed the decision after a fight led by its national direc- tor, James Fanner. Mr. Farmer told convention delegates that GORE, as an or- ganization, .should stay .outlof the peace movement and con- centrate - Jta . . efforts on civil rtjghts- The debate, conducted in closed session, was the most heated of the five-day conven- tion, which ended today. If it had been allowed te- sta nd, the controversial resolu- tion would have put CORE on rdbord as favoring the in/mer dfete withdrawal of Uiited .yates troops from both Viet* Mte civil rights figlit.»^ uL tha t it ran the risk of losing the iwm rura 4he Dominican Repub- sympathies of many people if it lie. Most of the debate, how- became involved, as an organ i- ever, swirled around the Viet- 2 ation, in the peace movement, nam section of the resolution. 1 'Personally I am in complete • _ , , , agreement with the resolution, There had been speculation F armcr said, “But I think among some of the delegates we in CORE should make those before tne floor fight that Mr. decisions as individuals, not as Farmer and other CORE lead- an organization.” ers might be persuaded to fol- Next Convention Set low the iead£j>£ the Rev. Dr. Mr. Farmer took no part in M a rti n Lu ther King Jr., presi- the debate over the resolution dehi or me £>outnern Christian until after it passed. He then Christian Leadership Confer- asked the delegates t<J recon - ence. Last .week, in Petersburg, sider their action and led the Va., Dr. King said that the .time fight that ultimately resulted had.. come for the .civil .rights in the reversal, movement to become, involved In other developments, CORE w *th the problem of war. scheduled its convention for “It ifi worthies*, King next July in St. Louis. And it said, "to talk about integrating voted, 120 to 4. against consid- if there^is.mj«Qcld_to.mtegraLe ering action that could have * n -" put the organization on record SMr. Farmer told CORE dele- as encouraging the growth off gates, however, that the task, Negro self - defense organ) za-/ of CORE was to “mobilize as t ions such as the Deacons fo/j yiany people as possible” i ntolpefen.se in Louisiana. J Tolson Belmont Mohr DeLoach — Casper _ — _ Callahan — Conrad Felt Gale Rosen Sullivan Tavel Trotter Tele Room . Holmes Gandy ^jrim NOT RECORDED 46 JUL 14 1965 1 W) The Washington Post and — Times Herald The Washington Daily News The Evening Star New York Herald Tribune — New York Journal-American New York Post The New York Times The Baltimore Sun 1_ The Worker The New Leader The* Wall Street Journal The National Observer . People's World . Date _ (e.r (Ojuijvs® R 1 V Dr. King Declares fcr^rTT Must Negotiate in Asia PETERSBURG, Va., July 2 (UPI)^Tha Rev. H r. ft f gj -tin ijm . iT. ; Tr ‘ last night Ine unxieir states. nuisL.hegd- tiate a settlement^ in Vietnam and announced he was '.consid- ering joining in.. "peace- rallies” and teach-ins. ‘Tm not going to. sit by and see war escalated without^ say- ing anything about it," the civil rights leader said. *- •*'- The war in Vietnam "must be stopped," Dr. King said. “It must be a negotiated settle- : ment. We must even negotiate with the Vietcong.” “We're not going to defeat Communism with bombs and guns and gases," he said. “We can never accept Communism. We must work this out in the framework of our democracy.” Dr. King said he and. his. aides would study the use of .“peace rallies” and teach-ins to bring pressure to bear in foreign pol- icy. He did jiot elaborate, on his plans. Dr. King made his remarks at a rally sponsored by th e Vir- . g inia branch of [he Kmijh pjn Christian ZLeadersh j p r » n f e i - cnee.' 1 — NOT RFCOSDED 46jul 14 1965 To Ison Belmont Mohr Do Loach Casper Callahan _____ Conrad Felt __ Gale Rosen . The Washington Post and _ Times Herald The Washington Dally News The Evening Star New York Herald Tribune _ New York J ournal-Amerlean New York Daily News _____ New York Post The New York Times The Baltimore Sun - The Worker The New Leader The Walt Street Journal Tin? National Observer People's World Date ~ • ,■ F'D-3 5 0 (4-3-fc 2 ) At-Uf • JLiniig To Address Synod Here The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. will address 800 dele- gates of the United Church of Christ at the group's fifth gen- eral synod July ]-7 in the P’^rner House. H jOther sneakers will indlude Bilhop Ruehcn H. Mueller of Irjlianapolis. president od the National Council of Churches, and Morris B. Abram. of New York City, president of the American Jewish Committee An unemployed coal miner from Hazard. Kv., Berman Oibson, will describe the strug- cle for survival in Appalachia i as a prelude to a vote by the synod on a planned attack on poverty by the United Church, i Delegates also will vole on j a proposal to put the denom- ination’s racial justice program on a permanent basis. An emergency civil riehts orograni was voted by the fourth gen- eral syROd IH T%>: - (Mount Clipping in Space Below) I (Indicate page, name of I newspaper, city and state.) -CI T IC/WO DAILY NEW 3 „ CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Date: 6 “2^-65 7P‘' 1o " : red streak /gthor: / /fed\tor: 0; Title: CRE^O Q. DR. MARTI?' T.UTTIEF TI-G I \r 'P_ NOT RECORDED 40 JUL 1.2 WS Ctasstffcation: X00— Submitting Office: CV’ICAiO Under Investigation i 7 / >- ‘/O JUL 131965 (j (Mount Clipping in Space Below) Marthi Lather King Eye Of Civil Rights Storm By DON McKEE S ' “Atlanta. LIDING comfortably down in bis swivel chair behind a wooden desk piled with pa- pers, Martin Luther King, Jr., hung up the telephone and for a few minutes let the revolution run itself. “It’s not easy.” He spoke in a Georgia drawl. “I know I have a movement to lead and I have to make many decisions. I don't know if they are all the right deci- sions.” King talked of the pressures. Aside from criticism and opposition, from outside the Negro movement. King said, he also has to keep a balance between the views of his own staff. “Some of these fellows want to wreck the world sometime,” he said. He was half aerious. If King, with his casual air, contradicts the stereotype of a revolutionary, his small office in the Negro Masonic Building on grimy Auburn avenue, with its dingy green walls *and barerfloor, is even less like a ’ command post. The Tye Of The Storm But this is the eye of the storm— the headquarters of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The storm swirls around Martin Lullier King, ;;ri, ordained Baptist minister, doctor of philosophy in ttecb«v__civil rights leader, pastor, hus- hand and father. “ i ~~ IS&JUU 31965 ERT Dire ctor J. Edgar Ho over once called him the most notorious liar in the country; ex-President Harry Truman has labeled him a troublemaker. And many of his methods— including deliberate violation of existing laws— have been criticized by both whites and Negroes who support the civil rights movement. But he has also been hailed around the world as a great leader of his people and he has won the Nobel Peace Prize. Derisively, and by some Negroes, too, King is called “Kingfish,” “De Lawd,” “Martin Luther Coon,” “Latter-day Elmer Gantry” and worse. Among his followers he is known as Dr. King, “The Leader,” “Moses” and, at S.C.L.C., often “Mister President.” Privately, King is sensitive to the dero- gatory names. He says he is also embar- rassed by public praise, by being com- pared to Moses. But— “If I have to go through this to give the people a symbol, I am resigned to it.” Not An Imposing Figure ■ He is not an imposing figure. \ King is about 5-foot-S and weighs about 1R0. He dresses trimly, usually in a dark suit. He is light-skinned— “It seems my paternal grandmother was part Irish." But the striking feature, and perhaps the major factor in King’s success, is not seen but heard. It is his oratory. This is what sti rs, thp. the mass meetings— a nrL the sl.qj H university halls. /JV) NOT 46 jut BALTIMORE, UDv D«.: 6/20/65 Edition: Author: DON McKEE Editor: PRICE DAY O Title: MARTIN LUTHER KING Character: kl^ l /ql‘is £: 7 S' f " 0^965 Investigated w ky o / 1 x; ,ir (c 1( A filE_d££Sii companion and fromv>nt iail mate, the Rev. Ralph I), Abernathy, ex- plains King’s effectiveness this way: "It’s his ability to articulate, to commu- nicate, to place in words the longings, the dreams, hopes and aspirations of an op- pressed people. He says it in an extraor- dinary way ... he has the spirit and humi- lity.” King says he identifies with the masses. He marches with them, and goes to jail. He lives in a lower-middle income Negro area of Atlanta, and he lives modestly. The house is spacious and comfortable. It Is a considerable improvement over the red brick parsonage where King had lived since returning here in i960 to become S.C.L.C. president and co-pastor, with his father, of Ebenezer Baptist Church. His critics say that King lines his pockets from the movement' ij* heads. He denies that. "My basic income is $10,000 to $12,000 a year,” he’ said. S.C.L.C. pays him no salary because he will not accept it. he added. His income is $4,000 a -year from the church. $2,000 more for parsonage allowance, and he supple- ’ ments tffis with $5,000 to $6,000 from some of his numerous speaking engagements. “But 90 per cent of these are for the movement.” King said. Income from his writings goes for the most part into S.C.L.C., the church and Morehouse College, he said.’ Wealth, he feels, would destroy his effec- tiveness. ”1 could legitimately, with ease, make $100,000 to $200,000 a year,” King said. "I have consciously avoided making money." King spends only about two nights a week at home with his family, his wife, Corctta, and four children. And his^ wife has begun traveling. A soprano, she sings in concerts for the movement. Mrs. King, 38. is a native of Alabama. She met King while he was stu- dying at Boston University and she at the New’ England Conservatory of Music. Pushes For Concrete Gains Their children are left much of the time with a housekeeper. The older two, Yolan- da, 9, and Marty, 7, go to a Negbo school because they were turned down at two pri- vate schools, The olher children are Dex- -ter. 4, and Bernice, 2. King pushes for concrete gains in civil rights. He is often a diplomat, he will ne- gotiate and compromise. ”We say we want all our freedom and we want it now,” he said. "But realistical- ly we know we aren’t going to get it all now. We have these slogans.” . Political pressure has become a key part of his civil rights drive. ‘ Ht is a po litical fact that politicians re- spond to pressure," he has said. • .King con tends his nonviolen t_resistane e. the marches and demonstrations that sometimes incur violence, are the only al- ternative outlet to Negro frustration which otherwise would explode violently. Confrontation is the key word, he says, and nothing changes in the social order without the ^creation and exposure of ten- sions artd prejudices. Preaches f Love Your Enemies * Influenced heavily by Gandhi and Tboreau, King preaches “Love your ene- mies.” He holds this concept: “All humanity is caught in an inescapa- ble network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. AH life is interrelated. To the degree that I harm my brother, to that extent I am harming myself.” Yet his crusades have loft failures and ruin in some instances. Though his marches filled jails at Albany, Ga., they left segregation undented and a boycott de- stroyed the city bus line. Selma, Ala., suffered economically under a boycott. So have olher communities. St. Augustine. Fla., refused to accede to King’s demands last year and watched much of its tourist lifeblood drain away. King argues that “non -cooperation with evil is as necessary as cooperation with good” . . . “Something must be done to bring these people in line with the law” and “We must stop paying our dollars to be segregated.” , . These tactics stir the hottest controver- sies. For, while King has pushed for white persons to comply with civil rights law, he himself— in his civil disobedience cam- paigns— has violated other laws on the grounds that there are just laws and un- just laws. “I think a law is just which squares with the moral law,” King said, “and I think a law is injust which is out of harmony with the moral laws of the universe.” Basis Of Determination And what is the basis of determination? “Any man who breaks the law that con- science tells him is unjust and willingly accepts the penalty by staying in jail in order to arouse the conscience of the com- munity on the injustice of the law is at that moment expressing the highest regard ] for law.” King said he did not believe in defying or evading the law and its consequences. He said he defends the right of segregationists to violate laws which offend their conscien- ces— if they willingly accept the penalty. “The fact is,” he said, “that most of the segregationists and racists that I see are not wilting to suffer enough for thcir .b e- Jicls and they are not willing to go to j ail.” SuUtlbany, Ga., a dramatic testimonia l of defeat for King, thwarted his direct ac- tion campaign and then under court order began desegregating schools and complied promptly, peacefully with the 1964 civil rights act. This proves,, claimed former Albany Mayor Asa D. Kelley, Jr., that the proper approach was and is through legal chan- nels. Tactics Basically Wrong King’s methods also led to legislative ac- tion sooner than it would have come other- wise, Kelley said. “But the tactics are ba- sically wrong— if everybody with a grie- vance used King’s tactics, we would have utter ohaos like some of the South Ameri- can countries.” " Recently, King was criticized by Gov, Mark Hatfield of Oregon who said King as a civil rights leader had “no right to go out and break the law.” Public opinion is his big weapon. In Ala- bama rallies, he shouted, “If they beat us now, they’ll have to do it on Main street ir front of the television cameras.” Pictures from Birmingham in 1963 spilled outrage over the globe. “We must dramatize injustices,” King has also said. King lives with the threat of death. By telephone to his office, by letter the threats come; he is unaware of most of them, refuses a bodyguard and often drives to the office alone. He has a certain resignation about this. In an Albany church in 1962, after shots were fired into nearby Negro houses, he said: “It may get me crucified. I may even die. But I want it said even if I die in the struggle that ‘He died to make '-men free.’ ” Although his first experience as a jail occupant was unnerving- — that was in Montgomery in 1956— by 1962 he could re- lax. Then, in the steamy jail at Albany, he could lounge In silk pajamas on a bunk, read the newspapers and listen to a tran- sistor radio. Never Gets Angry Publicly King gets angry, but not often, and never publicly. “Every now and then lie gets peeved and I get peeved,” Coretta King says. “He can shout. Every now and then he’ll blow up. He’s learned to control this. But he takes and takes and sometimes he just has to let off steam. “When vy e get in an argument, usually he just stops talking.” ... m Two htop ks from King's office stands the two-story frame house where he” was born January 15, 1929. In the now busy Auburn avenue he played as a boy and learned the racial facts of life. King raced through school, skipping the ninth and twelfth grades and entering Morehouse College at 15. He earned a bachelor of arts degree there, his bachelor of divinity at Crozer Theological Seminary and his Ph D. from Boston University at the age of 26, Tn his final high school year he won an Elks oratorical contest and went to Valdo- sta, Ga., on a bus with his teacher for the State finals in the Negro competition. Re- turning, he and the teacher violated cus- tom by sitting near (he front of the bus. The driver ordered them to move to the back. "I insisted on staying,” King recalled. “But after the situation got tense, my teacher urged me to move. "I ended up standing all the way to At- lanta.” There was an edge of bitterness in his voice. Then he laughed. “That was the beginning of my deter- mination to lead a bus boycott,” he said. In reality, he was then interested in law or medicine and it was two years later that he took up the ministry. His move to Montgomery for his first pastorate in 1955 was only coincidental to what developed; the leadership of a bus boycott was thrust upon him. Despite the boycott, however, it took a court order to desegregate the bu- ses. But what King attained there nine years and six months ago was the mobilization of Negro masses and recognition of himself. The cohesive force was the Negro church, core of the Negro social life. Now, nearly a decade later, King is con- fident of the ultimate end to discrimina- tion. “We have come to the day.” he says, “when a piece of freedom is not enough for us as human beings, nor for the nation of which we are a part.” While King works to dramatize what be thinks are injustices, charges against him have been dramatized, too. Billboards were plastered throughout Alabama and elsewhere purporting to show him at the Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tenn., several years ago. The school had come under fire on charges that Communists and sympathizers visited and lectured there. King's response was that he spent only one hour there to give a speech. In his speeches and writings, he has denounced communism as incompatible with Christia- nity. Asked about Communist influence >n the civil rights movement, Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach said Reds have been aft mopk a h lv unsuccessful in inf ljencincv^fe - ctsions of leaders of civil rights groups. FD-3 Co (H*v. 7-16-63) (Mount Clipping in Space Below) . t i ^ met King rir. f Mr. 7.. Mr. ( ,f *: . 0 0 i pYv/'/pk a JO y ^ Rigiits ifR By DON McKEE Q" ‘ ’ c — * Atlanta. OL1DING comfortably down ii his swivel chair behind a wooden desk pi ed with pa- pers, Martin Luther King, Jr., lung up the telephone and for a few minutes let the revolution run itself. “It's not easy.” He spoke i) a Georgia crawl. ”1 know I nave a mover ieni to lead and I have- to make many decisions. I don't know if they are all the right deci- sions.” King talked of the -pressures. Aside from criticism and opposition, from outside the 1 Negro movement, King said, hi also has to ; l.rcp a balance between the \ iews of his own staff. ’ , - 1 “Some of these fellows wai.t to wreck the world somclimi.^pc said. He was half If King, with his casual air, contradicts i the stereotype of a revoluliona* y, his small ; ] office In the Negro Masonic Building on ; I grimy Auburn avenue, with its dingy green i walls and bare floor, is even less like a command post. The Eye Of Tfic Storn Hut this is the eye of Ihc si or m— the head y.i.-v '-vs of the Soulhein Christian . i ! ■ ■ . i : ij> Confer ence. The ilorm swirls ..ni Alan in Hu; her King, lf». ordained .t mii.i dMor of piilasopby in . ry ' riguts leader, pastor, hus- t £<n. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover once called Turn* the most notorious liar" in the country; cx-Presidcnt Harry Truman has labeled him a troublemaker. And many of his methods— including deliberate violation <- of existing laws— have been criticized by ! both whites and Negroes who support the | civil rights movement ! But he has also been hailed around the . ! world as a great leader of his people and , he lias won the Nobel Peace Prize. Derisively, and by some Negroes, too, , King is called “Kingfish,” ”De Lawd,” • “Martin Luther Coon,” “Latter-day Elmer ! Gantry” and worse. Among his followers he is known as Dr. King, "The Leader,”' “Moses” and, at S.C.L.C., often “Mister ' President.” Privately, King is sensitive to the dero* 5 calory names. He says he is also embar- ’ rasse'd by public praise, by being com- pared to Moses. But— “If I have to go through this to give the people a symbol, I am resigned to it.” Not An Imposing Figure He is not an imposing figure. King is about 5-foot-6 and weighs about lfio. He dresses trimly, usually in a dark *uit. He is light-skinned— “It seems my paternal grandmother was part Irish.” But the sli iking feature, and perhaps the major factor in King’s success, is not seen but heard. It is his oratory. This is what stijrs the thg mass meetings— ar^L the -filajd univorsity halls., - . ( (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and elate.) tel- THE SON THS EVENING SON THE SUNDAY SON A’ / A" A .//V -AJ/RA 1 kC Aj?fconn£D 40 JUN 29 1965 JIM. ***** AUER I CAN Baltimore, ud^ Date: 6/20/6? Edition: Author; DON McKEE Editors PRICE DAY Title: MARTIN LUTHER KING I Character: IS Submitting Office: / f 1 Being Investigated . A A wm . in. _ COPY SENT BUREAU 5 BAN 3 / 0 ) g6 > 'A^ // @ CATE — VPtAliCnfll -LNWDE)® ^UdAllfrX . \ . ITKpoI \ JUitVil?^ \lFBl — toVtiIViQrS Az ->-/CC(Sd'ft rlnyf'cf. Companion mw frct y<™u _ male, Use Kcv.* Ralph p. Abernathy, ex- plains Kiii^’s cfh ctivcnrss ill s way: “Us his ability to nrlicula c, to commu- nicate, to place in words lh< longings, the dreams, hopes and aspirations of an op- pressed people, lie says it n an extraor- dinary way ... lie has the sj iril and humi- lity. " Kin* says he identifies win the masses. He marches with them, and Rocs to jail. He lives in a lower-middle ncome Negro area of Atlanta, and he lives modestly. The house is sp acious am comfortable. It is n considerable im proven icql over the red brick parsonage where King had lived since return iiir here in J!M ) to become .S.C.L.C preside rd and cops tor, with his father, of Ebenczrr flap list Chjrch. II is critics say i hat King lin :s his pockets from the movement he head;. He denies that. “My basic income is $10.00 > to $12,000 a year,” he said. S.C.L.C. nays turn no solar t because he will not accept jl he added. His income is "vj.ooo a year from I he church. $2,000 more ' for parsonage allowance, an 1 he supple- ments this with $*,000 to $f.,0 0 from some of his numerous speak . hr engagements. “But 90 per-ont of these are for the movement.” King said. Income from* Ji is writings goes for the most part into S.CX.C, the church and Morehouse College, lie said. Wealth, he feels. would desl oy his effec- tiveness. C y ‘cac hes 'L ore Your Enemies* Influenced heavily by Gandhi - 'and* Thoreau, King preaches “Love your ene-‘ : mics" He holds this concept: “All humanity is caught in an inescapa- ble network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. All life is interrelated. To the degree that I harm my brother, to that extent I am harming myself." Vet his crusades have left failures and ruin in some instances. Though his marches filled jails at Albany, Ga., they left segregation undented and a boycott de- stroyed tile city bus line. Selma, Ain., suffered economically under a boycott. So have other communities. St. Augustine, Fla., refused to accede to : King's demands last year and watched much of its tourist lifeblood drain away. King argues that “non-cooperation with . evil is as necessary as cooperation with good’’ . , . “Something must be done to bring these people in line with the law’’ and “We must stop paying our dollars to be segregated." . These tactics stir the hottest controver- sies. For, while King has pushed for while persons to comply with civil rights law, he himself— in his civil disobedience cam- paigns— has violated other laws on the grounds that there are just laws and un- just laws. “I think a law is just which squares with' the moral law," King said, “and I think a law is injust which is out of harmony with the moral laws of the universe." “1 could legitimately, with case, make $100,000 to $200,00 > a year," King said. “I have consciously «- voided maki \g money." King spends only about ( vo nights a week at home w th his family, his wife. Corolla, and four children, /.nd his. wife has begun traveling. A soprano, she nngs in cnn.'crls for the movement .' Mrs. King, 38, is a native of Alabama, She mol King while he was stu- dying n( Boston I niversity ari she at the New England Conservatory of Music. Pushes For Concrete G tins Their children a e left mucj' of the time with a housekeeper. The oUJei two, Yolan- da, 9, and Marly. 7. go to a i legho school because they were turned dowu at two pri- vate schools. The other childrsn are Dex- ter, 4, and Bernice, 2. King pushes for concrete guns in civil rights. He is often a diplomat he will ne- gotiate and compromise. "We say we. w'nt all our freedom and wc want it now," lie said. “But realistical- ly we know we aren’t going o get it all now. Wc have these slogans." Political pressure has become a key part of his civil ri :iits drive. “it is a poMtb'al fact that p-lificians re- spond to sore," he has said. King o n:, nds his r.anvjolon resistance, ilu and demons!! it ions that s • r violence, arc the only al- , . . '.I Negro f vustt at ion which .. t.v* VM.id -••;.i‘ri<io violent 1 ?. Coafi-or’alion is the key woid. he says, .•>•1 ;.o;hivg changes in the : ocial order .d ■•■ut timber cation and expo ure of ten- •o * and prejudices. ' ' Basis Of Determination And what is the basis of determination? "Any man who breaks the law that con- science tells him is unjust and willingly * accepts the penalty by staying in jail in order to arouse the conscience ol the com- miinity on the injustice of the law is at , that moment expressing the highest regard for law." King said be did not believe in defying or evading the law and its consequences. He said he defends the right of segregationists to violate laws which offend their conscien- ces— if they willingly accept the penalty. “The fact is," he said, “that most of the segregationists and racists that I see are not willing to suffer enough for their be- liefs and they are not willing to go to jail." But Albany, Ga., a dramatic testimonial of defeat for King, thwarted his direct ac- tion campaign and then under court order began desegregating schools and complied promptly, peacefully with the 1964 civil rights act. This proves, claimed former Albany Mayor Asa D. Kelley, Jr., tliat the proper approach was and is through legal chan- nels. Tactics Basically Wrong King’s methods also led to legislative ac- tion sooner than it would have come other- wise. Kelley said. “But the tactics are ba- sically wrong— if everybody with & grie- vance used King’s tactics, we would have utter, chaos like some of the South Ameri- can countries?’ . ^ ™ ' King was criticizcf'rTTy'MJbv. Mi. Hatfield of Oregon who said King as a civil rights leader had "no right to go out and break the law." Public opinion is his big weapon. In Ala- bama rallies, he shouted, “If they heat us now, they’ll have to do it on Main street in front of the television cameras." Pictures from Birmingham in 1D63 spilled outrage over the globe. “We must dramatize injustices," King has also said. King lives with the threat of death. By telephone to his office, by letter the threats come; he is unaware of most of them, refuses a bodyguard and often drives to the office alone. lie has a certain resignation about this. In an Albany church in 1962, after shots, were fired into nearby Negro houses, he said*, “It may get me crucified. I may even _ die. But I want it said even if I die in the struggle that ’He died to make men free.* " Although his first experience as a jail occupant was unnerving — that was in Montgomery in 1956— by 1%2 he could re- lax. Then, in the steamy jail at Albany, he could lounge In silk pajamas on a bunk, read the newspapers and listen to a tran- sistor radio. Never Gets Angry Publicly King gets angry, but not often, find never publicly. “Every now and then he gels peeved end I get peeved,” Corctla King says. “He can shout. Every now and then he’ll blow up. He's learned to control this. But he takes and takes and sometimes he just has to let off steam. “When we get in an argument, usually - he just stops talking.” Two blocks from King's office stands the ■. two-story frame house where he was born January 15, 1929. In the how busy Auburn avenue he played as & boy and learned the racial facts of life. King raced through school, skipping the ninth and twelfth grades and entering Morehouse College at 15. He earned a bachelor of arts degree there, his bachelor of divinity at Crozer Theological Seminary ajnd his Ph D, from Boston University at the age of 26, In his final high school year he won an Elks oratorical contest and went to Valdo- sta, Ga., on a bus with his teacher for the Stale finals in the Negro competition. 'Re- turning, he and the teacher violated cus- tom by sitting near the front of the bus. The driver ordered them to move to the back. "I insisted on staying," King recalled. “But after the situation got tense, my teacher urged me to move. “I ended up standing all the way to At- lanta “ There was an edge of bitterness in his voice. Then he laughed. • — " IN ESSENCE, the Report 1 said : ^ (1) No lew Dunbar High School wil be built because an cstimal ;d $12 million cost' is 'loo Jiig! and therte is no money aviilable within the next seven years. (2) A n< w Dunhar would merely be another racialy imbalance l school. I (3) Durbar High School will be ph ised - out (vacat- ed) within the next six years x.iid shide its parceled out to other nc.il oy schools. (4) As ;oon as the new school on the Lake Clifton site is co npletcd, room will be availal le for 2,000 Dunbar students v ho reside as close “if not ch-ser” to the new school tha i to Dunbar. ALSO / PPEAR1NG before the Board were representa- tives of the Harlem Park neighborhood and the Henry ■Highland Garnet Neighbor- 1 hood grouj . 1 Mrs. Mtry Bonne who said •she spoke for several neigh- borhood groups, and Charles Curtiss, piesidcnt of Harlem Park Nci *hborhood Associa- tion were the spokesman. They ur; ed the Board not (o proceed w th plans la house 200 child -cn from Briscoe Junior lfi; h School No. 451 in the basement of the Harlem Park Scho il. ^ J.lr. Cur is said a program to put Scl ool 451 boys in the (furnace n om will be 'doing somefhing with these boys we’ll be srrry for.* School 1 o. 451 at Druid Hill; near La fa: ette has hcen de-i clarcd unsafe and it to be abandoned Also approved were salary I scales for the college faculty .with proposed maxi mu ms for instructor, assistant professor 'associate professor and pro- fessor ranging from $7,500 to ♦14,200. I Personnel actions approved [for the college: Mrs. Mary- vone Steinbaek appointed i head of department foreign languages effective .Sept. 1 Granted tenure: Paul’ E.- i\°Ider, speech and radio - and Stewart L. LeCalo, »$. sistant professor English. : designations: F. BrcdahV Peterson, associate professor of history; and Mrs. Margaret' Axurod, assistant professor, , business administration. Leave granted until Jan. si 1066 to Leonard S. Bowlsbey to complete dor tore l studies at University of Iowa. ..IN OT1 ER action, the! Board: j 1. Adopted a salary scale for educadonal personnel for! the six-m >nth budget from. 1 Jan. 1 to June 30, J9GS, with ■teachers bolding bachelor’s degrees eligible to receive salaries fiam $5,400 aid $9,300.; Maximum teacher salary with r master’s would be $ 10 , 100 . X i Number * { steps required lo reach tlv Tnaximum is re- duced Iro n 18 to J5 years in Hie haeheor s category. 2. Aclin • as a Board of Truslocs J Baltimore Junior College, approved President Harry Par.i’s recommenda- tions Vo nilialr plans for a second J.i »L.r college campus !■> be c '4>:.I;natrd wilh the present campus and lake steps to include same in a bond Nov. • «lec* Lons. ;1 .« ‘.‘That was the beginning of ,my ^ter- mination to lead a bus boycott," Ihe said. ' In reality, be was then interested in law or medicine and it was two years later that he took tip the ministry. His move to Montgomery /or his first pastorate in 1955 was only coincidental to what developed; the leadership of a bus boycott was thrust upon him. Despite the boycott, however, it took a court order to desegregate the bit- • scs. But what King attained there nine years , and six months ago was the mobilization of Negro masses and recognition of himself. The cohesive force was the Negro church, , tore of the Negro social life. Now, nearly a decade later. King is con- fident of the ultimate end to discrimina- tion. “We have come to (he day," he says, "when a piece of freedom is not enough for us as human beings, nor for the nation of which we are a part." While King works to dramatize what he thinks are injustices, charges against him have been dramatized, too. Billboards were plastered throughout Alabama and elsewhere purporting to show him at the Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tenn., several years ago. The school had come 1 under fire on charges that Communists and sympathizers visited and lectured t - there. ' 4 King's response was that be spent only.! one hour there to give a speech. In his' speeches and writings, he has denounced communism as incompatible with Christia- , flity. Asked about Communist influence in the civil rights movement, Attorney General | Nicholas Katzenbach said Reds have been : r<^rsarkabty unsuccessful in influenci ng rig - i cisions of leaders of civil rights groups. <, * The Rev. Martin Luther King, 36, sparkplug of the civil has bren h ailed around the world as a great leader of 1 ha* w<»/i Nobel Peace Prize. A major factor in hi* *ucc< oratory. 0 \ / / OBOTtj ITongis Dr i f ting?* Awards Degrees to 483 OHERLIN, Ohio. June 14 CAP) -j- Nearly 3,000 persons heav&0>he Rev. Dv. Martin Luthef'King Jr. tell theTTberTTn 'CoTTFg(V“gratlii a ting class today that "our challenge is to re- main awake during today's social re volu tin n." Dr. King said the legendary Rip Van Winkle fell asleep and when he awoke 20 years later he found he had slept through a revolution. “Nothing is more tragic than to sleep through a r evolution ." Dr. ^TTrip ~~id "All ^W) 1 ft I. lily fait- to fn l vcve a new men tall outlook through a revolution,' and today a revolution is swoop- ing away an old order." ' Dr. King who was among six persons to receive honorary de- grees was greeted with a stand- ing ovation at the end of his talk. Degrees also were award- ed to 483 Obcrlin graduates. In addition to Dr. King, hon- orary degrees went to Secretary of State De^n Rusk, Frank Stanton, president of the Co- lumbia Broadcasting System; Peter Mennin, president of the Juilliard Schoo’ of Music* Dr. Leona Baumgartner of the i Agency for International De- velopment, and Robert Edwin ;Espy of New York, general secretary of the National C oun- cil ‘' vif Ol w i E c hes. BolmoptC i / . Y . Mol . DcLotick Casper Callahan Conrad Felt . y^ul'livan ±f..L Tavel Trotter Tele Room Holmes Gandy 0 TTberJift* Honors Dr. King; Awards Degrees to 483 OBERLIN. Ohio. June It CAP) — Nearly 3,000 persons heard^fre Rev. Dr. jlartl n Luth er K ing Jr, telt the ObcrUn '^^fifT^TSfrahting class today that "our challenge is to re- main awake during today's social revolution.” Dr. King said the legendary Rip Van Winkle fell asleep and when he awoke 20 years later he found he had slept through a revolution. "Nothing is more tragic than fo sleep through a revolution," Dr. 'Kllljr'SWd. "All " TUO ~ lfMl »y • pers ons to rec eive, honorary dc- gTCeswas greeted with a sland- hlJTTjvation at the end of his talk. Degrees also were award- ed to 483 Oberlin graduates. In addition to Dr. King, hon- orary degrees went to Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Frank Stanton, president of the Co- ' lumbla Broadcasting System;. Peter Mennin, president ‘of the Juilliard School of Music; Dp Leona Baumgartner of tne Agency for International P*- yelopment, and RnherV DdwJ n \ O f_ New V rrr ii cYne >1 | J^ePPetarv oflhc National Coun- cil of Churches^ _ jr / 0 Hi- k^) The Washington Post and . REG- 17 y/fi > - ' ' . woV'f recorded' 4SJUI 6 1955 The Washington Dally Ne The Evening Star New York Herald Tribune New York Daily New The New York Tiroes _ c 0 c King Booed at Hofst (As He Goes for Degree T; t A f ro «P °/. 12 demonstrators booed and hissed I)r. ' Martin Luther Kinp Jr. yesterday as the Southern intepra- i ^-f r ma £^ d | n ‘j n T aca( iemic procession in Hofstra University in Hemnstead, “Martin Luther King is the most notorious liar in America," chorused the demonstrators, who identified themselves as members of the Long Island Committee to Preserve our American Freedom. As the 10-block procession of students in caps and gowns headed toward the Hofstra foot- ball stadium, the demonstrators chanted: “Destroy red and black Bolshevism.” When King spoke to the 900 graduates and 7,000-person audi- ence, a man stood up and heckled him. He was led from the sta- dium by police. Refers to Viet War King warned that storm clouds of a third World War were “hang- ing mighty low,” in referring to the struggle in Viet Nam. He said alternatives must be found to violence and war." "It is either nonviolence or nonexistence,” said the Nobel peace prize winner. e .l. ~V . V re ceived an honorary doc- tor of divinity degree. 1 / -J— — NOT RECORDED 46 JUN 22 1965 ?}J£eimonl. 1 'Mohr / ■ . Casper k Conrad I Felt f Gale | <L'- Rosen j Sullivan . Tavel Trotter ... Tele Room The Washington Post and __ Times Herald The Washington Dally News The Evening Star New York Herald Tribune New York J ournal-Amerlcan _ New York Daily News New York Post The New York Times The Baltimore Sun The Worker The New Leader The Wall Street Journal 1 The National Observer People's World Date 1 ;l?r lp> O f: tf? Jlift i 4 1365 dti }0 Vi V vv Tolson - Belmont Mohv:... .. D/Ah £- Casper^*. Callahan Conrad Felt Galg^L-v^- ✓ Tavel T rotter Tele Room . Holmes li Gandy f UPI A? 5N 1 « * «*» tt’FfflaseSBiSW&Mtr.c KSRfE pIlK^TrE EXERCI^eI!- 1 - ^ C ~^' ^-SMRLJCCTCR CF CIVINITY sH?»S7 tera WrfWF ,. SEATaVbESAN°TC IhCU^At’kwc™ 11 DENTIrlt “ h AN ' POLICE LED T ?HE G rA T N E F R ROK I^aV-P DWN " SKAME cff^.32 ,965 I WERE ^"HANGING T „ » ALTERNATIVES HAD TC BE FOUND TC VIOLENCE ANT var ni T ‘IS EITHER NON -VIOLENCE OR NON-EXISTENCE," HE SAID * IT _ ALSO SAID THAT IT V AS JUST AS I ft PORT ANT TC DEAL WITH T vr ic^ t r^t»A ?‘ C t ?' oT^i ZANILY THAT "CANNOT LIVE IN YCUR COMMUNITY" BCKBEn) 1 '^^ TC RISE UP IN IND3GNATI0N WHEN AN ALABAMA CHURCH WAS strrairws?.”'' 1 mm * ** VW 1 nrH« NEVSKEN A ^anevrIttin STATEMENT IN WHICH HE 'AID * Mcv-icMT vTTHTV M Tur S co T r M E 1 A S N ^ P BY THE CCKKUNIST REVOLUTIONARY JMCV^MENT^VITHIN THE SC-CALLED CIVIL RIGHTS GROUPS." WASHINGTON CAPITAL NEWS SERVICE "7 I \i0*' b , t, h (r I <? b mm jEgHi 0 At Wilberforce Ceremonies COLUMBUS, Ohio, June 9 /AP)— Dr Martin Luther* K'og Jr., here to address' WiJberforct University graduates, heard himself lauded by Gov. James, A. Rhodes today as "one of the world’s great exponents of uni vers at freedom.*’ . The Governor said to the Negro leader, “Martin Luther Kmg speaks softly but carries a big supply of shoe leather, T a reference to his many civil rights marches. 1 Sharing the platform with Dr. King and the Governor was Dr. Martin Luther King Sr., pastor of the Kbsnezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, who re- ceived an honorary Doctor of degree j - — vX O Belmont — Mohr DcLoach — Casper Callahan — Conrad Felt Gale Rosen Sullivan — Tavel Trotter Tele Room Holmes — Gandy ' y r • I foo* (of) /}u 5 1965 1 f! The Washington Post and Times Herald The Washington Daily News The Evening Star lew York Herald Tribune New York J ourna l- American _ New York Dally News New York Post . The New York Times The BalUmni The Worker ’The New Leader The Wall Street Journal . The Natlm People’s Wo - T — g f — /G — 4 <5 Date . ‘ r* n FD-3S0 (B«t. T-I 6-S3) (U«utit Clipping In Space Below) Mr.-Toliwn — Mr. Mr. Mchr Mr, Mi. T'*:'’ Mr. C:-. ; i Mr. 0-1 M Mi. Fc'v* Mi. C ’ Mr. V ■- * TOrfer force Grads to Hear Dr. King " 0 (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and etate.) WILBKRKORCK. June 8- I)r. Marlin Luther King Jr. tomor- nnv will make (he first of two l! ■ * addresses in 10 f ' ‘ <tayS * n ^ recne i #*•< Dr ' ^' n £* ^ 10 s nation’s top in- W0 tegralion lead- mMJ cr ’ 8nrl w * nner ; w ffijV : JUmI of the Nobel : Itnace prize, will screak at BW ■ Wilber force uni- King versily’s 107th coil i men cement convocation. The university will present an honorary doctor of humanities degree io his father, Dr. Martin Luther King Sr. j THK KLDKR Dr. King is pas- tor of Kbenczcr church in At- lanta. His son is assistant paslor. Dr. King Jr. also will speak a I Antioch college's commence- cen! June 19. Wilber force's term-end began this morning with the annual Payne sermon at ils Payne theo-. logical seminary by Dr. John II. Hams, p astor of First AME church of Seal lie. " Cincinnati Enquirer Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati Post & Times Star Cincinnati, Ohio The Citizen Journal Columbus, Ohio Columbus Dispatch Columbus, Ohio Dayton Daily News Dayton, Ohio Journal Hera 3d Dayton, Ohio .. Data: 6/8/6 > Edition: FlTl'll Author: Editor: James Fain Tin*: hart in hut her King •fw> - ( /' (?(■//* f) NOT RECORDED 46jun 22 1955 V^Y-Pl.n ?1db*I flcatlon : submitting otttca: Cincinnati 1 | Being Investigated li S? lOtk‘ n\ ) (Hov.-.j/- © © t ' To Ison ^ / j v 'B£imont © '}/ . Mohr © ^aapcr Cullahan . w -POINT-,™ VIEW Conrad . Felt ^ y< / Gale — L' §£ Rosen gullivan 1’avel Trotter Tele Room . Holmes Gandy . — —jr— j-r 'ruin ;- ! r il vr ; ^President Talks Frankly to Negroes By MARY McGRORY Stir Staff Writer & ?© 4 1 President Johnson’s speech to the graduating class of Howard University Friday was a dramatic departure, both in content and context. He was the first President to I speak on civilTights at a mo- ment of calm in the racial I turmoil of the past five years. | He was the first President to ask the Negroes, with their legal rights all but won, to help find the remedy for their own social plight. In the past, whites have been asked to give Negroes justice. At Howard, the Presi- dent asked them to give under- standing. Negroes generally bear exhortations for patience and understanding and promises of 1 relief. President Johnson suggested that the time had come for them to come to grips with their own worst j problem, "the breakdown of Negro family life.” The President initially turned down the invitation to speak at Howard. Ten days President Johnson reflects. ago, * «r <*t * r- F . ' <£ tiVJ he decided it was an opportunity to strike out in a new direction, to proclaim in Churchill’s phrase, "the end of the beginning." The speech was cleared with Roy Wilkins, Executive Secre- tary of the National Associa- tion for the Advancement of Colored Peoples, and with Dr. pgr&l Ufosrfen&Jr-. Chair- Iman of the Southern Christian iLeadersip Conference. They ’were both in enthusiastic accord. Negro civil rights leaders have soft-pedaled the ills of the Negro community— the statistics on crime and illegi- timacy among non- whites, which have given their foes the excuse to deny them their rights. But with total legal victory at hand they have begun to turn their attention to the core of the _ Johnson speech, the failure of Negro family life. ‘ * ' ' they 'qrfffami. i O U J S jpcg, Jagt January, have been suggesting that selfimprovement may be the key to Negro self-esteem. Participants in the civil rights demonstrations, which have produced a new breed of Ne- gro, were exhilarated by their achievements. But the feeling* did not trickle down to the il- literate jobless in the slums. The NAACP began a series of "citizenship clinics ,” which were aimed at pointing out the evils of anarchy in the home, and finding social uses for political agitators. Fearful to Sptak Even James Farmer, the leader of CORE, has been brooding about the necessity for efforts within the Negro community to make life bet- ter. His associates say he has been prevented from speaking out for fear that a call to im- prove Negro community life might be misinterpreted as a slowdown to inte gration, i n ^to^ l0A The Washington Post and Times Herald The Washington Dally Ne.ys . The Evening Star L — New York Herald Tribune New York Journal-Amerlcan _ New York Dally News New York Post — The New York Times The Baltimore Sun The Worker The New Leader The Wall Street Journal The National Observer People's World Date JUN G /- NOT RECORDED 46 JUN 11 1965 w / th_e ^ast Negroes who have aOWrarca the “boots ^nrg’^p proaeh to Booker T, Washing- ton have run the risk of being called “Uncle Tom.” With the President’s encour- agement and approval, more Negroes are expected to speak out on this hitherto most deli- cate subject. Johnson indicated that the effort will be as before, “black and white together.” He ack- nowledged white guilt in bring- ing about the conditions which have demoralized the Negro and continued white inolve- xnent in seeking to better his lot. But he is determined, aides say, that the unprecedented White House conference he has called for next fall will not turn into a seminar for reliv- ing old woes and grievances or generate only new demands for help from the federal gov- ernment. Seeks Frank Discussion In persuading the Negroes to talk frankly about their own troubles, he hopes they wil find solutions of their own. He seemed to be trying to set the tone and even provide the agenda. He said: “Less than half of all Negro children reach the age of 18 having lived all their lives with both parents. . . . Probably a ma- jority of all Negro children receive federally-aided public assistance during their child- hood.” The first southern President in a hundred years, in other words, told the Negroes that in compassion and concern he would not be outdone. Now to be constructive, he must have their help. It was an authentic ffcrWTrore? a * i ij- .t .1 ' i»< v. v-n.-t. i) r ' o (Mount Clipping in Spoce Below) Irresponsible King Overplays His Hand Considerable discomfort should be making the rounds among racial strifemonger Martin Luther King\ coddlers and apologists. 7< They should be suffering pangs of conscience for dosing their eyes and sealing their lips in the face of the contempt King has shown for law and order in his troublemaking operations. They must have hoped for the sake of their con- science, if for no other reason, that what Gov. Mark Hatfield of Oregon has just — and justly-said of Martin Luther King would never be said at all. Governor Hatfield, commencement speaker at a college in suburban Rochester, N.Y., this week, told a news conference afterward that he was directing the statement at King when he said in his address: * “I say to you that in a nation founded upon a con- stitutional form of government, which has processes by which we can change laws with which we disagree, we do not have the right to deliberately violate law, no matter what our rank in life.” Martin. Luther King has been able to get away w th fcrazen contempt for state and local laws not patten ed to accommodate the wretched, ruthless manner in wh ch fie has carried on his "civil disobedience” assault upon racial peace, common sense and good will. He has thumbed his nose at anything and every- thing that pleaded for restraint against his wretched- ness and ruthlessness. He has grown so bold as to take the position that laws not to his liking are his to ignore, not to obey. • Yet such a character as Martin Luther King has been handed a Nobel Peace Prize, an award that be- came hollow the moment he received it. He has been pampered and egged on by multiple sources in Washington, D.C., to the point of national humiliation. Now the rebuking reaction to this coddling treat- ment has become so outspoken that a Pacific Northwest governor emphasizes to a college commencement audi- ence in the eastern U.S.A. that Martin Luther King has "no right to go out and break the law.” ' Even earlier, a Washington report indicated Presi- dent Lyndon Johnson himself was being jolted into - awareness that Martin Luther King has been running wilder than the national interest could afford to tolerate. Witness this statement of Rep. Joe D. Waggonner Jr. of Louisiana on the floor of the House in Congress: "There have been few occasions on which the Presi- dent and I have agreed on the subject of the behavior of Martin Luther King, but when he recently commented l . I / \ g0 t 00 far - he struck a responsive ' 'L Overplaying their hands is a characteristic of the uj y ^responsible, and Martin Luther King is the latest O .W 1 I :■?(. l/.’-a ... ' Mr. TV - \ k Mr t - i | r.ir. !■ ■ t 5V Mr. T. . / Mr. T: Teh* Kmw Misti Hi \ (Indicate page, name o! newspaper, city and state.) 4A MOBILE REGISTER MOBILE, ALABAMA Vi Date: 6 / 3/65 Edition: Morning final |xxxxx Editorial Editor: George M. Cox Title: MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. Character: SM— C Classification: MO 100—1472 Submitting OOice: MOBILE /tj] nq/n.v e s tl 1965 .a(r* MRTIN LUTHER KING, AT • — ' COMMUNIST TRAINING SCHOOL A JH. II BXUU Mr. Mr. M FA - • •in ' . Mr. r. ■ Mr. K ■ Sir. ■ Mr. T.:v i Mr. Tr Tdr-, Ii- .vn Mil's I-:, | Miss Gtiini v mm M The above caption and picture are billboards throughout the South, The above*photograph was taken by Edwin Friend, 4888 Jett Rd., N.W., Atlanta 5, Georgia, then an em- ployee of the State of Georgia, at the Highlander Folk School in Monteagle, Tennessee, during the Labor Day weekend of 1957. The photographer was sent to the Highlander Folk School by the Georgia Commission on Education. According to THE AUGUSTA COURIER of July 8, 1963, the Highlander Folk School was later abolished by an act of the Legi- slature of the State of Tennessee because it was charged with being a subversive organization. (1) Foreground, looking down, is Abner W. Berry of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. (2) First row, second from the right, is Martin Luther King Jr., of the Montgomery boycott, the Bir- mingham riots, and the so-called voting rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, in March 1965. Karl Prussion, who served as U couhterspy 'for the FBI for 22 years, charges that King belongs to, or has accepted support from 60 Communist-front organizations. (3) To King's right Is Aubrey Williams, then president and now president emeritus of the Southern Conference Education Fund, Inc., a Communist front organization known als — transmission belt in the 70 JUNIOR / 3 - appearing (Spring 1965) on over 200 South for the Communist Party. (4) To Williams' right is Myles Horton, director of Highlander Folk School for Communist training, Monteagle, Tennessee. Since attending this 1957 Com- munist training school, these four leaders of racial agitation have brought tension, disturbance, strife and violence in their advancement of the Communist doctrine of “ra- cial nationalism.'' Over a national television net- work on April 4, 1965, Martin Lu- ther King, Jr. claimed that he was at the Highlander Folk School for 90 minutes. Edwin Friend, who took this and other photographs, certi- fies that King arrived in the morn- ing, attended the morning sessions, then spoke in the afternoon. The above photograph is available as a reprint. It appears on a single sheet, 8-1/2 x 11, the reverse side of which carries three additional photographs, together with docu- mentation, showing Martin Luther King, Jr. associating vWth known Communists. Order copies of this reprint today. They are folded for #10 envelopes and are suitable for handouts. Price: 3d each; 100 for $3.00 Order from THE INDEPENDENT AMERICAN, P. O. Box 4223, New Orleans, La. 70118 . /.; : . fQ(> (_Jt. fJO'' M.'MQTVDEjD 170 JON 17 196F !T- r . r E ih}'isrn:p ‘ ■:? J'c ir Or 1 e me 3 Lg, i'n.y - Ju n c 9 J f 05 vnne T u f) '/£ PeaUody Tacks Segregation Protest On Atlanta Episcopal Cathedral Door By Paul Good jbarred the soivnf the Rev. Dr.i The protest backed up by to Th« w«sWn«too po*t Martin Lu the r"King Jr. Peabody, president of the ^4.TT.iMTA , . Eoiseooal Societv for Cultural (A'S By Paul Good to Th» w«shtn(toa Pott ^ATLANTA, May 30 — Mai- colnyVPeabody Jr., brother of formet\~Massaehusetts Gov. Endicott Peabody, tacked an antisegregation protest to the door of the Episcopal Cathe- dral here tonight while grad- uati on servi ces were being helcTfflV' a'^school that once barred the soivnf the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther"King Jr. tegrated under church law. Its members number some of the wealthiest and most influen- tial residents of the city. But fashionable Lovett School, which was conducting its bac- calaureate service, is segre- gated. The protest backed up by Peabody, president of the Episcopal Society for Cultural and Racial Unity, charged that the school was related to the' church through services like I tonight’s. School and church! officals denied any link. “This is the school,” read the protest, “which In. 1963 rudely refused the application of Martin Luther King III, the son of Atlanta’s only Nobel Prize winner. f "As Episcopalians, we call upon our church nationally to either bring about a change in Lovett’s policy or to divorce it- self in fact as wejl as name. Throw the bigot’s out, as Christ threw out the money- 1 changers. They are no differ-, ent, only their currency dif- fers.” Peabody was accompanied by the Rey, Malcolm^Boyd of Washington, national f\ld rep- resentative for the Episcopal! Society for Cultural and Racial. U nit ma /I olPOR — - J Bcl^nont^ 0v* "Mohr jJ-X- I.teL Hosen Sullivan / —. Tavel _ _ Trotter — — Tele Room . Holmes Gandy The Washington Daily No New York Dally News . . | /' / NOT RECORDED The Natlonul Observe \}bO (Rev. 7-16-6 3) m *:• "C (Mount Clipping in Space Below) /t OvA- EDITORIAL Frida/, May 28, 1965 King and socialism, or worse The Kev. Martin Luther King, Jr. has been accused of having Communist ties and of helping to implant the seeds of communism in America through his civil rights movement, which has been used for infiltration. While making no mention of these charges, he clearly places hMnself on the side of socialism, oj worse, in an article that carries hk name as author in the June istue of Pageant Magazine. ★ Writing of Socialist Normafi Thomas and his philosophy, King uses the title, “The Bravest Man I Ever Met.” His enthusiasm for the man and his ideas is boundless. Not surprisingly, of course, he seems especially swayed by Thom- as’s long opposition to racial dis- crimination, dating back to 1921. Likewise, King expresses admir- ation for the pacifist leanings of Thomas saying the overriding pas- sion of the latter’s life has been “tHe pursuit of peace.” 'Jhe ci vil rights s pokesman says he’s happy to be working with the Socialist leader in two organiza- tions he identified as the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Po- licy and Turn Toward Peace. This association might have something to do with King’s op- position to the President’s policies in Viet Nam and the Dominicafa Republic. j * l But what is even more disturb- ing is King’s approval of these words written long ago by Norman Thomas: “The hope for the future lies in a new social and economic order which demands the oboii- tion of the capitalist system.” All of this seems to fit into a pat- tern, and especially that blueprint reportedly devised in 1956 calling for a Bed - dominated and directed third political party, with its ‘ground-base strength centered in Dixie and the urban areas oj the key electoral states of the North. The year set for realization of these aims was 1965. Page 10-A# "The A tlanta Times Atlanta, Georgia. Date: 5/28/65 Edition; Final Author: Editor: Luke Greene Title: Martin. Luther ^King ,_Jr, hcharacter: SM - C IV fC las stflca Uon: Submitting Office = Atlanta m Being investigated AT-100-5586- ■ ; /■) i' /■' NOf Hrrierjpfct) .'!! 17 l«i."5 The Bravest Man I Igver Met BY THE REV. MARTIN LUTH ER KING JR. ■ Last December 2000 Americans gathered at New York's Hotel Astor to celebrate the 80th birthday of Norman Thomas. I could not be present because I had to go to Oslo to accept the Nobel Peace Prize. But before I enplaned for Norway, I taped the following message to be sent to America's foremost Socialist: “I can think of no man who has done more than you to inspire the vision of a society free of injustice and exploitation. While some would adjust to the status quo, you urged struggle. While some would corrupt struggle with violence or undemo- 23 NOT PFOORDED 46 MAV 27 1955 /f (Pti vf.i ,.•/ - 1 . 'ted 7o / CC PAGEANT JUNE I9G! cratic perversions, you have stood firmly for the integrity of ends and means. Your example has ennobled and dignified the fight for freedom, and all that we hear of the Great Society seems only an echo of your prophetic eloquence. Your pursuit of racial and economic democracy at home, and of sanity and peace in the world, has been awesome in scope. It is with deep admiration and in- debtedness that I carry the inspira- tion of your life to Oslo." Truly, the life of Norman Thomas has been one of deep commitment to the betterment of all humanity. In 1928, the year before I was born, he waged the first of six campaigns as the Socialist Party’s candidate for President of the United States. A dec- ade earlier, as a preacher, he fought gallantly, if unsuccessfully, against American involvement in World War 1. Both then and now he has raised aloft the banner of civil liberties, civil rights, labor's right to organize, and has played a significant role in so many diverse areas of activity that newspapers all over the land have termed him "America's conscience.” There are those who call Norman Thomas a failure because he has never been elected to office. One of his severest critics is Thomas himself. When asked what he had accomplished in his life, the white- haired Socialist leader replied: "I suppose it is an achievement to live to my age and feel that one has kept the faith, or tried to. It is an achievement to have had a part, even if it was a minor part, in some of the things that have been accom- plished in the field of civil liberty, in the field of better race relations, and the rest of it. It is something of an achievement, I think, to keep the idea of socialism before a rather indiffer- ent or even hostile public. That’s the kind of achievement that I have to my credit, if any. As the world 24 counts achievement, I have not got much.” But the world disagrees. The Washington Post, echoed by scores of other newspapers, called Thomas "among the most influential indi- viduals in 20th century politics” and added: "Wc join great numbers of his fellow Americans in congratulat- ing the country on having him as a leader at large.” During our historic March on Washington in the summer of if)C3, when 250.000 Negro and white Americans joined together in an out- pouring of fellowship and brotherly cooperation for a world of freedom and equality, a little Negro boy listened at the Washington Monu- ment to an eloquent orator. Turning to his father, he asked: "Who is that man?” Came the inevitable answer: "That’s Norman Thomas. He was for us before any other white folks were.” His concern for racial equality flows naturally from his heritage. His father and both grandparents were Presbyterian ministers. His maternal grandfather Stephen Mattoon was not only an abolitionist but went south to Charlotte, North Carolina, after the Civil War and became the founder and first president of a col- lege for Negroes, then named Biddle College but now called Johnson C. Smith University. Emma Mattoon, Norman’s mother, was a girl of about 12 when the family moved to Char- lotte. She remembered vividly how the other while girls in the area ostracized her and her sister because their father, a Northerner, taught "niggers." Thomas, of course, was actively opposed to racial discrimination. In 1921, when he edited a pacifist mag- azine, The World Tomorrmu, he wrote (and this perhaps indicates how far we are from those days): "Northern industrial centers may THE BRAVEST MAN I EVER MET C Q seeni by comparison desirable to the southern Negroes who emigrate to them. But they are a very poor sort of earthly paradise, as The World To- morrow can testify. This thought has been brought home to the magazine from an experience of its own. We arc obliged to move to new offices at 108 Lexington Avenue, New York City, and the reason is this— the owners of the building demanded of us signature of a lease forbidding the employment of any Negro. We should have refused such a demand on principle, but in addition we are proud of the fact that one of the most faithful of our office staff is a Negro woman, That her race should be dis- criminated against in more than one office building in New York City is a practical denial of the founda- mcntal principles of brotherhood and Christianity.” And in 1933, when labor, farm, unemployed, Socialist and liberal groups joined together in a New Continental Congress in Washing- ton, D.C., to lobby for a decent deal for America’s depressed millions, Thomas was instrumental in dealing a blow to Jim Crow. Most of the New York delegates were originally housed in the Cairo Hotel. In his book Norman Thomas: A Biography (Norton), Harry Flcischman relates that when the hotel barred Floria Pinkney, a Negro delegate, hundreds of the delegates marched to the hotel in a body, canceled their reserva- tions, and demanded return of the money they had paid in advance. Thomas was their spokesman. When the hotel refused to return the money, Thomas arranged with lawyers to bring suit, whereupon the hotel agreed to return the money. Thomas also worked hand in hand with our most illustrious Negro labor leader, A. Philip Randolph, in speak- ing at organizing meetings of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, in fighting for permanent Federal Fair Employment Practices executive orders and laws, and in helping to abolish discrimination in the na- tion’s armed forces. But his concern for civil rights is only one facet of Thomas’s life that has aroused my admiration and that of many of his fellow Americans, black and white. Describing the Socialist leader’s career, Dr. John Haynes Holmes recalled the words of the Prophet Isaiah: For Zion’s sake will I not hold my peace. And for Jerusalem’s sake I will not rest, Until the righteousness thereof go forth as brightness. And the salvation thereof as a lamp that burnetii. Upon thy walls, O Jerusalem, have l set watchmen. Who shall ncx>cr hold their peace, day and night. Go through, go through the gates; Prepare ye the way of the people. The role of watchman on the tower has never been an easy calling. Who stands upon the wall stands alone. And a man’s arms can weary of lift- ing a standard for the people. There is no rest in it, nor worldly success, nor choice. Yet his courageous cham- pionship of exhausted sharecroppers in the South, of persecuted Japanese Americairs in World War II, of con- scientious objectors in fedrral pris- ons, of exploited hospital workers in northern cities, of Mississippi Negroes fighting for the right to vote, his lifelong campaign for economic and social democracy, and his un- ceasing drive for the maximum inter- national cooperation for peace with justice have endeared him to mil- lions around the globe. He has proved that there is something truly glorious in being forever engaged in the pur- suit of justice and equality. He is one of the bravest men 1 ever met. “So long as Norman Thomas is alive and capable of standing before 25 PAGEANT Jl’Nl- 'Q a public forum,” stated dramatist Morton Wishengrad, “those who are alienated and excluded arc not en- tirely mute. One man articulate in the service of so many It is beyond socialism, beyond political system, and beyond economic doctrine.” The overriding passion of Thomas's life has been the pursuit of peace— not the deadly apathy of appeasement or submission to tyranny hut the insistence that the resolution of differences must he transferred from the dreadful realm of military force to economic and ideological conflict and, ultimately, international law and cooperation. He has put that philosophy practi- cally — maximum isolation from war, maximum cooperation for peace. His quest for peace started during World War I when he came to the conviction that Christianity and war were in complete opposition, that "you cannot conquer war by war, cast out Satan by Satan, or do the enor- mous evil of war that good may come.” Thomas was so passionate a speaker even then that his intense convictions drew forth strong re- sponses from his audiences. After a talk in February 1917 at Wesleyan University's Y.M.C.A., its president, Fred Stevens, who had been in the U.S. Army for six years, .was much impressed by Thomas's re- marks. He was scheduled to address the entire student body at a Uni- versity preparedness rally The chair- man arose and said: "Wesleyan is fortunate in having an Army officer in its midst who has agreed to drill our volunteers and teach them mili- tary tactics. I give you Fred Stevens.” Stevens got up and fold his startled audience: "I’m sorry, fellows. I can’t do it. I heard Norman Thomas last night. I’m a pacifist now.” Through that war, and between wars, and into the next war, Thomas proclaimed that ethical imperative: 26 K,'J Thou shalt not kill. When it was popular to do so and when it was dangerous to do so, lie kept insisting that war is an evil that men make — and that only men can cure. This message the dynamic Social- ist leader has taken to his country and to the world in every form that human energy and eloquence allow. A score of hooks that have reached people all over the world reveals some of their content in their titles: Is Conscience a Crime?; Wrtr — No Profit, No Glorif, No Need; Appeal to The Nations ; The Prerequisites For Pence. It has been the basis for rally- ing the American people in times of crisis in organizations from the American Union Against Militarism at the time of World War I to (he National Committee For a Sane Nu- clear Policy and Turn Toward Peace today (two organization in which I am happy to work with him)- Peace has been the theme of countless hundreds of broadcasts over radio and, later, TV networks over a period of 40 years. Peace has been included in conferences on the economic and other practical aspects of universal disarmament under effective international inspection, which have drawn Senators and and scholars as well as representa- tives of voluntary agencies. The search for peace has taken Thomas across the American continent year after year, speaking to small groups and large. And peace has taken him across the world to conferences with leaders of nations and with the proto- type of that international fellowship of free men whose vision he has helped to create. Thomas, a Presbyterian minister, found his interest in socialism stim- ulated by the antiwar declaration of the Socialist Party in 1917. He wrote Morris Hillquit, one of the declara- tion’s authors, to offer help in Hill- quit’s New York mayoralty cam- paign: ‘The hope for the future lies Eighty-year-okl Norman Thomas and Dr. King: They’re fighting a common cause in a new social and economic order frage with an expressed doubt that which demands the abolition of the women would vote any more wisely capitalist system. War itself is only than men. While maintaining that the most horrible and dramatic of women had just as much right to be the many evil fruits of our present wrong as men, Thomas annoyed organized system of exploitation and those suffragettes who argued pas- the philosophy of life which exalts sionatcly, “When women get the competition instead of cooperation.” vote, war will be ended for all time.” When Thomas joined the Socialist In the dark days before the New Party in 1918, it was with certain Deal, when the open shop prevailed reservations: “Perhaps to certain and unions were weak and poor, the members of the Parly my socialism Socialist leader was a familiar figure would not be of the most orthodox to workers in scores of strikes, variety. As you know I have a pro- Thomas could be found, noted David found fear of the undue exaltation Dubinsky, president of the Ladies of the Stale and a profound faith that International Garment Workers’ the new world we desire must de- Union, "In each and every strike on pend upon freedom and fellowship the picket lines and in the hall mect- rather than upon any sort of coercion ings. We found him when we could whatsoever. I am interested in politi- not raise money to supply food, sand- cal parties only to the extent in wichcs, or literature for our strikers, which they may be serviceable in ad- We found him championing every vancing certain ideals and in win- battle for free speech, for free ning liberty for men and women.” assemblage.” Even before becoming a Socialist, Before I was in kindergarten, Thomas displayed a lack of ortho- America was in the throes of a des- doxy in nonconformity when he perate depression, with the Wall coupled his support of women’s suf- Street crash followed by the grim 27 - ;# PAGF.ANT Jl'NE lf)r.! C; niisrry of rapidly growing mass un- employment- In (he 1932 Presiden- tial campaign Thomas, ns the Social- ist Presidential nominee, called for socialization of the nation's major industries and natural resources, hut his major stress was on immediate programs to ameliorate the tragic effects of the depression and to lead to economic recovery. The platform called for a $10 billion federal pro- gram of public works and unemploy- ment relief plus laws to acquire land, buildings, and equipment to put the unemployed to work producing food, fuel, clothing, and homes for their own use. The platform also urged: • Compulsory insurance against unemployment. • Employment agencies free to the public. • Old-age pensions for men and women 60 years old. • Abolition of child labor. • The six-hour day, five-day week with no wage reductions. • Aid to farmers and home- owners against foreclosures of their mortgages. • Health insurance and mater- nity insurance. • Adequate minimum wage laws. Neither the Republican nor Dem- ocratic platforms showed any com- parable understanding of the na- tion's needs in that lime of crisis. It is to Franklin D Roosevelt’s credit that, when elected, he did not hesi- tatc to use many of Thomas’s planks to build his New D