Levi Philos wrote:

Now I understand the full meaning of this message posted to yahoo group tips_and_tricks (archives limited to members) where "brokenwrench" posted on Feb 10, 05:

( http://groups.yahoo.com/group/tips_and_tricks/message/7411 )

"The irs has never tried to collect, it has been over 25 years since I was audited, and then I got a refund. I have a stamp that prints [ DEPOSITED FOR CredIT ON ACCOUNT OR EXCHANGED FOR NON-NEGOTIABLE FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES OF FACE VALUE ]

when I was audited, I produced the front and back copies of my paychecks to the irs man. He took a break and came back and told me that those checks endorsed that way were not taxable income. I got in a hurry and open signed 3 of my checks, those were the only ones I had that they said they could tax that is the last I heard from them."

==================================

Dear brokenwrench,

I'm very interested in your adventures with the stamp for the back of checks. Would you care to correspond with me about that?

–Fred

Making checks a non-taxable event

This is all based upon what is lawful money of value and HJR-192 (House Joint Resolution-192, June 5, 1933) , that none is in circulation for private use by the public. There are no lawful dollars out there only credit and debt ledger entrees, and no one gets paid for anything with anything of valuable substance. The IRS can’t tax credit, debt, or barter. The Congress licensed the use of FRNs to be used as money, as a medium or exchange for discharge of public and private debt into the US bankruptcy. At that point FRNs became contraband and that gives the BATF and the IRS jurisdiction over its use and transfer. Just like trafficking in alcohol, guns, drugs, or tobacoo , or other substances subject to excise taxes.

There are many types of commercial paper that properly prepared can discharge debt other than FRNs but few know how to use them. Using FRNs is licensed money laundering, plain and simple.

When I get a check, it says “dollars” on the front. If I endorse it openly, I just testified I received dollars of valuable substance, even though there are none. When I stamp or write:

DEPOSITED FOR CredIT ON ACCOUNT

OR EXCHANGED FOR

NON-redEEMABLE FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES

I just corrected the error on the front and converted the check into a bill of exchange. In other words: a barter transaction of two different kinds of things being traded even-up for equal value are not taxable, there was no sale or financial gain just a private trade.

Sincerely, brokenwrench

So, brokenwrench has cut a Gordion Knot with a pen, instead of a sword. If you wish to use such a sharp pen, you would do well to read the article below, and if that doesn’t lead you to study further then you don’t understand enough about the honing and care of a good blade...start over with a study of the life of The Master who told his disciples to sell their cloaks to buy a sword and intervened when Peter used his: Exhaust administrative remedy, first! Ignorance is curable.

–Fred

========================= ====================================

Re: Notes of Debt are not Income

( http://www.atgpress.com/inform/tx064.htm is printed out below.) WHAT TO PRESENT ADMINISTRATIVELY TO SHOW THAT YOU HAVE NO INCOME.

By: The Informer

(Fred’s note: Any words in bold-face parentheses are my addition, and any bold-face type in the text is my added emphasis. The author has placed his notes/insertions in [squarebrackets]. I will make them bold-blue Italic. All of author’s words are in blue Italic type. The author also specified red type in certain quoted text, and I left it that way.)

Here is a observation that no one realizes, or even knows it exists. Here is a problem that may be brought before a court it you are drug into one. But it is better used administratively . Just a hypotheses. Could it work? Who knows? (1) You work for a company.

(2) You receive a negotiable instrument for your work (a check).

(3) You have to cash it at a bank.

(4) You are given federal reserve notes in exchange.

(5) You have not been paid anything but worthless securities. So now let’s put on your thinking caps and do some digging starting with:

TITLE 26 > Subtitle A > CHAPTER 1 > Subchapter B > PART VI > §

§ 165. Losses

Release date: 2003-05-15

(a) General rule

There shall be allowed as a deduction any loss sustained during the taxable year and not compensated for by insurance or otherwise.

(b) Amount of deduction

For purposes of subsection (a), the basis for determining the amount of the deduction for any loss shall be the adjusted basis provided in section 1011 for determining the loss from the sale or other disposition of property (think: your labor).

(c) Limitation on losses of individuals

In the case of an individual, the deduction under subsection (a) shall be limited to------—

(1) losses incurred in a trade or business;

(2) losses incurred in any transaction entered into for profit, though not connected with a trade or business; and

(3) except as provided in subsection (h), losses of property not connected with a trade or business or a transaction entered into for profit, if such losses arise from fire, storm, shipwreck, or other casualty, or from theft.

(d) Wagering losses

Losses from wagering transactions shall be allowed only to the extent of the gains from such transactions.

(e) Theft losses

For purposes of subsection (a), any loss arising from theft shall be treated as sustained during the taxable year in which the taxpayer discovers such loss.

(f) Capital losses

Losses from sales or exchanges of capital assets shall be allowed only to the extent allowed in sections 1211 and 1212.

(g) Worthless securities

(1) General rule

If any security which is a capital asset becomes worthless during the taxable year, the loss resulting therefrom shall, for purposes of this subtitle, be treated as a loss from the sale or exchange, on the last day of the taxable year, of a capital asset.

(2) Security defined

For purposes of this subsection, the term "security" means—

(A) a share of stock in a corporation;

(B) a right to subscribe for, or to receive, a share of stock in a corporation; or

(C) a bond, debenture, note, or certificate, or other evidence of indebtedness, issued by a corporation or by a government or political subdivision thereof, with interest coupons or in registered form.

Ok so now you have been given "evidences of debt" for your work. You have never made "income" but received evidences of debt. The US Treasury admits to (g) above in its website (and you really must visit this website!) :

http://www.ustreas.gov/education/faq/currency/legal-tender.shtml

wherein the website states:

“Federal Reserve notes are legal tender currency notes. The twelve Federal Reserve Banks issue them into circulation pursuant to the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. A commercial bank belonging to the Federal Reserve System can obtain Federal Reserve notes from the Federal Reserve Bank in its district whenever it wishes. It must pay for them in full, dollar for dollar, by drawing down its account with its district Federal Reserve Bank. Federal Reserve Banks obtain the notes from our Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP). It pays the BEP for the cost of producing the notes, which then become liabilities of the Federal Reserve Banks, and obligations of the United States Government. Congress has specified that a Federal Reserve Bank must hold collateral equal in value to the Federal Reserve notes that the Bank receives. This collateral is chiefly gold certificates and United States securities. This provides backing for the note issue. The idea was that if the Congress dissolved the Federal Reserve System, the United States would take over the notes (liabilities). This would meet the requirements of Section 411, but the government would also take over the assets, which would be of equal value. Federal Reserve notes represent a first lien on all the assets of the Federal Reserve Banks, and on the collateral specifically held against them. Federal Reserve notes are not redeemable in gold, silver or any other commodity, and receive no backing by anything. This has been the case since 1933. The notes have no value for themselves, but for what they will buy. In another sense, because they are legal tender, Federal Reserve notes are "backed" by all the goods and services in the economy.”

(The underlined sentence above, deserves attention because a man once wrote (I believe to Alfred Adask, publisher of AntiShyster magazine) that he had robbed a bank, was caught, and with the aid of counsel, was prepared to argue in court that since he had taken only Federal Reserve Notes, he had taken nothing of “value” and therefore could not be guilty of the criminal code section he was accused of violating. Apparently the prosecutor decided to drop the case, rather than have his argument go on the public record. This was probably more than 10 years ago. Having read what follows, I can assure you that our author will suggest no such course of action! And, of course, neither do I! I won’t even make this note in the boldface type.)

Now they, not you, have established that their confidence game, what you received in exchange for the company draft (check) was absolutely nothing. They are valueless so you exchanged your labor for valueless paper that has a lien on it already. They are identified in two statutes (Code) and they are Title 18 Section 8 wherein it states:

TITLE 18 > PART I > CHAPTER 1 > § 8 Release date: 2004-08-06

§ 8. Obligation or other security of the United States defined

The term "obligation or other security of the United States" includes all bonds, certificates of indebtedness, national bank currency, Federal Reserve notes, Federal Reserve bank notes, coupons, United States notes, Treasury notes, gold certificates, silver certificates, fractional notes, certificates of deposit, bills, checks, or drafts for money, drawn by or upon authorized officers of the United States, stamps and other representatives of value, of whatever denomination, issued under any Act of Congress, and canceled United States stamps.

And the second statute (Code) is:

CITE-

12 USC SUBCHAPTER XII - FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES 01/23/00

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 12 - BANKS AND BANKING

CHAPTER 3 - FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM

SUBCHAPTER XII - FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES

-HEAD-

SUBCHAPTER XII - FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES

-CITE

12 USC Sec. 411 01/23/00

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 12 - BANKS AND BANKING

CHAPTER 3 - FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM

SUBCHAPTER XII - FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES

-HEAD-

Sec. 411. Issuance to reserve banks; nature of obligation redemption

-STATUTE-

Federal reserve notes , to be issued at the discretion of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for the purpose of making advances to Federal reserve banks through the Federal reserve agents as hereinafter set forth and for no other purpose, are authorized. The said notes shall be obligations of the United States and shall be receivable by all national and member banks and Federal reserve banks and for all taxes, customs, and other public dues. They shall be redeemed in lawful money on demand at the Treasury Department of the United States, in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, or at any Federal Reserve bank.

-SOURCE-

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, Sec. 16 (par.), 38 Stat. 265; Jan. 30, 1934, ch. 6, Sec. 2(b)(1), 48 Stat. 337; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, Sec. 203(a), 49 Stat. 704.)

-REFTEXT-

REFERENCES IN TEXT

Phrase ''hereinafter set forth'' is from section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act, act Dec. 23, 1913. Reference probably means as set forth in sections 17 et seq. of the Federal Reserve Act. For classification of these sections to the Code, see Tables.

-COD-

CODIFICATION

Section is comprised of first par. of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913. Pars. 2 to 4, 5, and 6, 7, 8 to 11, 13 and 14 of section 16, and pars. 15 to 18 of section 16 as added June 21, 1917, ch. 32, Sec. 8, 40 Stat. 238, are classified to sections 412 to 414, 415, 416, 418 to 421, 360, 248-1, and 467, respectively, of this title. Par. 12 of section 16, formerly classified to section 422 of this title, was repealed by act June 26, 1934, ch. 756, Sec. 1, 48 Stat. 1225.

-MISC3-

AMENDMENTS

1934 - Act Jan. 30, 1934, struck out from last sentence provision permitting redemption in gold.

-CHANGE-

CHANGE OF NAME

Section 203(a) of act Aug. 23, 1935, changed name of Federal Reserve Board to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

-CROSS-

CROSS REFERENCES

Gold coinage discontinued, see section 5112 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

Since there is no more real "money" to be redeemed then, as the Treasury Web Site stated, they are worthless in conformity with 26 USC 165 (g). Ergo: you cannot go into a bank and demand gold or silver coin for a federal reserve note. So the question is, Have I received any income that is reportable for filing a tax form? Have I objected openly that I do not accept federal reserve notes as "payment" for my labor? See the Padleford case 14 Ga. 438 wherein they stated:

"Supposing this not to be taxed for inspection purposes, has Congress consented to it being laid? It is certain that Congress has not expressly consented. But is express consent necessary? There is nothing in the Constitution which says so. There is nothing in the practice of men, or in the Municipal Law of men, or in the practice of nations, or the Law of nations that says so. Silence gives consent, is the rule of business life . A tender of bills is as good as one of coin, unless the bills are objected to . To stand by, in silence, and see another sell your property, binds you. [Ok people how many times has your property (labor included) been stolen and turned over to the tax man in your silence? Did you file a refusal for good cause shown?] These are mere instances of the use of the maxim in the Municipal Law. In the Law of nations, it is equally potent. Silent acquiescence in the breach of a treaty binds a nation.(Vattel, ch. 16, sec.199, book 1. See book 2, sec. 142 et seq. as to usucaption and prescription, and sec. 208 as to ratification). Express consent, then, not being necessary, is there anything from which consent may be applied? There is--length of time."

Has the company caused a theft when issuing you a draft that only will result in you receiving evidences of debt that are no longer "at Par" with a face value US Silver Eagle dollar denominated coin? This is what the court stated on this type money issue,

Westfall vs. Braley, 10 Ohio 188, 75 Am. Dec. 509: “Bank notes are the representative of money , and circulate as such, only by the general consent and usage of the community. But this consent and usage are based upon the convertibility of such notes into coin, at the pleasure of the holder, upon their presentation to the bank for redemption. This is the vital principle which sustains their character as money . So long as they are in fact what they purport to be, payable on demand, common consent gives them the ordinary attributes of money. But upon failure of the bank by which they are issued, when its doors are closed, and its inability to redeem its bills is openly avowed [See Letter, Oct. 26, 1989, Dept. of Treasury, Russell Munk, Asst. Gen. Council, (International Affairs) as recorded in the Office of the Clerk & Recorder, Bacca County, colorado, admitting the notes are worthless and not redeemable at par.] , they instantly lose the character of money, their circulation as currency ceases with the usage and consent upon which it rested, and the notes become the mere dishonored and depreciated evidences of debt . . . It is only upon this idea that they can honestly be tendered as money , and when accepted as such, under the same supposition, the mutual mistake of facts should no more be permitted to benefit one party, or prejudice the other, than if the notes had been spurious, or payment had been made in base or adulterated coin."

Again the question begs of any court what the last sentence says, in that you have never received any income in "money", but evidences of a debt issued with a lien already on it, thereby taking them out of the realm of money, as they are a debt obligation, or in reality, an I.O. U. issued by a private banking system, that are trademarked as such. Want more statutes and code on the matter for you to decide? Here is more info that is incontrovertible. So with your question in mind as to what statutes say in regard to federal reserve notes, read all of this:

TITLE 31 > SUBTITLE IV > CHAPTER 51 > SUBCHAPTER II > Sec. 5119.

Sec. 5119. - redemption and cancellation of currency

(a) Except to the extent authorized in regulations the Secretary of the Treasury prescribes with the approval of the President, the Secretary may not redeem United States currency ( including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks) in gold. However, the Secretary shall redeem gold certificates owned by the Federal reserve banks at times and in amounts the Secretary decides are necessary to maintain the equal purchasing power of each kind of United States currency . When redemption in gold is authorized, the redemption may be made only in gold bullion bearing the stamp of a United States mint or assay office in an amount equal at the time of redemption to the currency presented fo redemption.

[COMMENT. As stated in the CODE, in red above, it can be taken as not being U.S currency like you say, until you read all the statutes and the words "IN KIND". Then the worthless note IS taken as currency by the government. True, it is not a pay to, but only a legal offer (tender) . That's all they care about: a legal offer . You can decline a legal offer even if in federal reserve notes as stated on the US Treasury web site. Go back and read all of it if you have to.]

(b) (1) Except as provided in subsection (c)(1) of this section, the following are public debts bearing no interest:

(A) gold certificates issued before January 30, 1934.

(B) silver certificates.

(C) notes issued under the Act of July 14, 1890 (ch. 708, 26 Stat. 289).

(D) Federal Reserve notes for which payment was made under section 4 of the Old Series Currency Adjustment Act.

(E) United States currency notes, including those issued under section 1 of the Act of February 25, 1862 (ch. 33, 12 Stat. 345), the Act of July 11, 1862 (ch. 142, 12 Stat. 532), the resolution of January 17, 1863 (P.R. 9; 12 Stat. 822), section 2 of the Act of March 3, 1863 (ch. 73, 12 Stat. 710), or section 5115 of this title.

(2) redemption, cancellation, and destruction of currency. -

The Secretary shall -

(A) redeem any currency described in paragraph (1) from the general fund of the Treasury upon presentment to the Secretary; and (B) cancel and destroy such currency upon redemption.

The Secretary shall not be required to reissue United States currency notes upon redemption.

(c) (1) The Secretary may determine the amount of the following United States currency that will not be presented for redemption because the currency has been destroyed or irretrievably lost:

(A) circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks issued before July 1, 1929, for which the United States Government has assumed liability.

[COMMENT. Does this mean that the notes are no longer assumed by the United States? Kinda presumes they are assumed by the IMF/fed. Res. that issues them as first liens on the U.S., huh?]

(B) outstanding currency referred to in subsection (b)(1) of this section.

(2) When the Secretary makes a determination under this subsection, the Secretary shall reduce the amount of that currency outstanding by the amount the Secretary determines will not be redeemed and credit the appropriate receipt account.

(d) To provide a historical collection of United States currency, the Secretary may withhold from cancellation and destruction and transfer to a special account one piece of each design, issue, or series of each denomination of each kind of currency (including circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks) after redemption. The Secretary may make appropriate entries in Treasury accounts because of the transfers.

Here are the actual statutes on the above that you wanted:

Notes on Sec. 5119.

SOURCE

Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 985 Pub. L. 102-390, title II, Sec. 226(b), Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1630 Pub. L. 103-325, title VI, Sec. 602(g)(14), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2294.

Historical and Revision Notes Revised Section

Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large)

5119(a) 31:408a (less last proviso). 31:444 (1st sentence words between 2d and 3d semicolons). 31:822b. Jan. 30, 1934, ch. 6, Sec. 6 (less last proviso), 11, 15(1st sentence words between 2d and 3d semicolons), 48 Stat. 340, 342, 344. 5119(b)(1) 31:405a-3. 31:911. 31:915(a), (b). June 24, 1967, Pub. L. 90-29, Sec. 1, 2, 81 Stat. 77. June 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87-66, Sec. 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 75 Stat. 146, 147. 5119(b)(2) 31:404. 31:420. 31:914. 31:916. May 31, 1878, ch. 146, 20 Stat. 87; June 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87-66, Sec. 7, 75 Stat. 47. R.S. Sec. 3580.

5119(c)(1) 31:915(c) (words before last comma).

5119(c)(2) 31:405a-2. 31:915(c) (words after last comma).

5119(d) 31:917. In subsection (a), the words ''Secretary may not redeem'' are substituted for ''no . . . shall be redeemed'' in 31:408a (less last proviso) because of the source provisions restated in section 321 of the revised title. The words ''United States currency (including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks)'' are substituted for ''currency of the United States'' and the text of 31:444(1st sentence words between 2d and 3d semicolons) for consistency with section 5103 of this title and to eliminate unnecessary words.

[COMMENT. Can't be any plainer than this, right? In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the words ''upon completion of the transfers and credits authorized and directed by section 912 of this title'' in 31:915 and ''and the amount of the payment credited as a public debt receipt in accordance with such section'' are omitted as executed. In clause (B), the text of 31:405a-3(last sentence) and 31:915(a)(4) is consolidated. The text of 31:405a-3(1st sentence) is omitted as executed. In clauses (C) and (E), the citations in parentheses are included only for information purposes.]

In subsection (b)(2), the words ''cancel and destroy'' are substituted for 'retired'' in 31:914 for consistency in the revised section. The words ''paragraph (1) of this subsection'' are substituted for ''Any currency the funds for the redemption or security of which have been transferred pursuant to the provisions of section 912 of this title, and any Federal Reserve notes as to which payment has been made under section 913 of this title'' because of the restatement . The words ''presented to the Secretary'' are substituted for ''presentation at the Treasury'' because of the source provisions restated in section 321(c) of the revised title. The text of 31:916 is omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement . The text of 31:404 and 31:420 is omitted as superseded by the source provisions restated in this subsection and subsection (c). The words ''All acts and parts of acts in conflict herewith are hereby repealed'' in the Act of May 31, 1878 (ch. 146, 20 Stat. 87), are omitted as executed.

In subsection (c)(2), the words ''When the Secretary makes a determination under this subsection'' are added because of the restatement . The words ''on the books of the Treasury'' are omitted as surplus. The text of 31:405(e)(2)(1st sentence) is omitted as superseded by the source provisions restated in subsection (b).

In subsection (d), the word ''paper'' is omitted as surplus. The words ''(including circulating notes of Federal Reserve banks and national banks)'' are substituted for ''including bank notes'' for consistency in the section. The words ''heretofore or hereafter issued'' are omitted as surplus.

REFERENCES IN TEXT

Act of July 14, 1890, ch. 708, 26 Stat. 289, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(C), which was known as the Sherman Purchase of Silver Act of July 14, 1890, was classified to sections 408, 410, 412, and 453 of former Title 31, and sections 122 and 145 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and was repealed by Pub. L. 97-258, Sec. 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1069.

Section 4 of the Old Series Currency Adjustment Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(D), is section 4 of Pub. L. 87-66, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 146, which was classified to section 913 of former Title 31, and was repealed by Pub. L. 97-258, Sec. 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1079.

Acts February 25, 1862, July 11, 1862, and March 3, 1863, and resolution January 17, 1863, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(E), are acts Feb. 25, 1862, ch. 33, 12 Stat. 345, July 11, 1862, ch. 142, 12 Stat. 532, and Mar. 3, 1863, ch. 73, 12 Stat. 709, and resolution Jan. 17, 1863, 12 Stat. 822, respectively, which are not classified to the Code.

AMENDMENTS

1994 - Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103-325 inserted concluding provisions. 1992 - Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102-390 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: ''The Secretary shall redeem from the general fund of the Treasury and cancel and destroy currency referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection when the currency is presented to the Secretary.''

Now let's go here:

TITLE 31 > SUBTITLE IV > CHAPTER 51 > SUBCHAPTER I > Sec. 5103.

Sec. 5103. - Legal tender

United States coins and currency (including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks) are legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and dues. Foreign gold or silver coins are not legal tender for debts.

Now here is something people do not know in the notes which I will put in bold-face blue:

TITLE 31 > SUBTITLE IV > CHAPTER 51 > SUBCHAPTER I > Sec. 5103.

Notes on Sec. 5103.

SOURCE

Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 980

Pub. L. 97-452, Sec. 1(19), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2477.

Historical and Revision Notes 1982 Act

Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 5103 31:392. 31:456. July 23, 1965, Pub. L. 89-81, Sec. 102, 79 Stat. 255. R.S. Sec. 3584.

The words ''All . . . regardless of when coined or issued'' are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement . The word ''debts'' is substituted for ''debts, public and private'' to eliminate unnecessary words. The words ''public charges, taxes, duties, and dues'' are omitted as included in ''debts'' .

1983 ACT

This restores to 31:5103 the reference to public charges, taxes, and dues because they are not considered to be debts . See, Hagar v. Reclamation District No. 108, 111 U.S. 701, 706 (1884).

AMENDMENTS

1983 - Pub. L. 97-452 inserted '', public charges, taxes, and dues'' after ''all debts'' .

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1983 AMENDMENT

Amendment effective Sept. 13, 1982, see section 2(i) of Pub. L. 97452, set out as a note under section 3331 of this title

SECTION REFERred TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 5112, 5132 of this title.

Now as to taxation of these "notes" and coin read this:

TITLE 31 > SUBTITLE IV > CHAPTER 51 > SUBCHAPTER V > Sec. 5154.

Sec. 5154. - State taxation

A State or a territory or possession of the United States may tax United States coins and currency (including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks) as money on hand or on deposit in the same way and at the same rate that the State, territory, or possession taxes other forms of money. This section does not affect a law taxing national banks.

Here are the statutes for the above and are you ready for this? Read on:

TITLE 31 > SUBTITLE IV > CHAPTER 51 > SUBCHAPTER V > Sec. 5154.

Notes on Sec. 5154.

SOURCE

Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 992

Pub. L. 97-452, Sec. 1(22), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2477.

Historical and Revision Notes 1982 Act

Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large)

5154 31:425, 426. Aug. 13, 1894, ch. 281, 28 Stat. 278.

The words ''United States coins and currency (including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks)'' are substituted for ''Circulating notes of national banking associations and United States legal tender notes and other notes and certificates of the United States payable on demand and circulating or intended to circulate as currency and gold, silver, or other coin'' in 31:425 to eliminate unnecessary words and for consistency with section 5103 of the revised title.

1983 ACT

This restates 31:5154 to clarify the intent of the section. See: 26 Cong. Rec. 7152, 7170 (1894).

AMENDMENTS

1983 - Pub. L. 97-452 substituted ''other forms of money'' for ''United States coins and currency circulating within its jurisdiction''.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1983 AMENDMENT

Amendment effective Sept. 13, 1982, see section 2(i) of Pub. L. 97452, set out as a note under section 3331 of this title.