Self-esteem is a wonderful but delicate thing. When our self-esteem is high, we feel more resilient, we're less vulnerable to anxiety and rejection, and less cortisol, or the stress hormone, is released into our bloodstream.

The positives are obvious, but actually improving our self-esteem can be challenging, especially if we've experienced setbacks in the past. In a blog post on TED, psychologist Guy Winch — who has 20 years experience working with patients — explains that the problem is our self-esteem is rather unstable anyway, as it can fluctuate daily, even hourly.

Another complication is how our careers shape our own worth. For example, a chef will more likely be offended if you don't like the meal they cooked for you than someone who doesn't cook for a living. Winch says this is because cooking is a significant aspect of their identity.

He outlined five ways to help improve your self-esteem, and how to better deal with the blows we experience nearly every day.

1. Use positive affirmations in the right way.

(Unsplash / Bảo-Quân Nguyễn (Unsplash / Bảo-Quân Nguyễn)

Positive affirmations are a method of practising "you are what you think." The idea is you fill your mind with positive thoughts until you start to believe them.

It's a popular way of going about building your self-esteem because it's simple, but Winch says there's one major problem — positive affirmations tend to make people with low self-worth feel even worse, because anything that's said as an affirmation — such as "I am beautiful," or "I will be successful," can often be too contrary to our own existing beliefs, such as feeling ugly or lazy.

Winch suggests changing "I'm going to be successful" to something more manageable like "I will persevere until I succeed!"

2. Identify what you're good at.

Winch says self-esteem grows when we demonstrate real ability and achievements in the areas of our lives that matter to us. Maybe you're good at running — sign up to some local races and train for them. Keen on cooking? Throw more dinner parties.

The key, he says, is to figure out your core skills and talents and find opportunities — and even careers — that emphasise them.

3. Learn how to accept compliments.

(Unsplash / Katie Treadway (Unsplash / Katie Treadway)

When we feel bad about ourselves, it's hard for anyone else to drag us out of that rut. Winch says we tend to be more resistant to compliments at these times, even though this is when we need them the most.

He says instead of shrugging off compliments as lies, you should set yourself the goal of tolerating compliments when you receive them. Even if you feel uncomfortable — and you probably will — it'll be worth it in the long run.

The best way to stop yourself batting compliments away, he says, is to prepare set responses to certain things, and force yourself to use them until it's automatic. These responses could be simply things like "thank you" or "how kind of you to say."

The impulse to laugh off compliments will eventually fade, which will be a sign it's working and you're starting to believe the nice things people say about you.

4. Don't criticise yourself.

Don't kick yourself when you're already down.

Unfortunately, Winch says this is what we're likely to do. When our self-esteem is low, we tend to damage it even further by being self-critical.

Winch says we should combat this with self-compassion. When you feel your inner self starting to criticise, ask yourself whether you'd say these things to a close friend. Probably not, right?

As a rule, we tend to be much more compassionate to friends than we are to ourselves, so think twice next time you start telling yourself all the things you do wrong. Winch says doing this will help avoid damaging your self-esteem further, allowing you time to focus on building yourself up instead.

5. Remind yourself of your real worth.

(Unsplash / Olu Eletu (Unsplash / Olu Eletu)

If your confidence sustains a blow, Winch says this is the best way to revive it.

If you get rejected by someone you've been dating, make a list of qualities you have that make you a great partner, such as being loyal or emotionally available. If you didn't get the promotion you were after at work, jot down everything that makes you a valuable employee, such as being reliable or being dedicated.

Write a brief paragraph or two about why the quality is important, and why other people would appreciate it. Winch says to do this exercise every day for a week or whenever you feel you need a pick-me-up.

Building up self-esteem isn't easy, and it requires a bit of work, but Winch says the return is invaluable if you do it correctly. You'll find yourself developing healthier emotional habits, and you'll bounce back easier when you suffer knocks in the future.