What Are the Dangers of Azalea? Home Guides

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Gardeners prize azaleas (Rhododendron spp.) for their hardy nature and prolific number of blooms. The more than 250 species include evergreen and deciduous shrubs as well as colors that range from pale pastels to vibrant jewel tones. Thriving in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 4 through 9, these spring-blooming beauties have a downside: Azaleas are poisonous to people and pets if consumed.

Poisonous Parts Azaleas contain substances called grayantoxins, which are present in all parts of the plant. In fact, the toxins are even present in honey found in azalea flowers, according to the Azalea Society of America. Grayantoxin blocks normal function of the muscles in people and animals, including the heart, and can impair nerve function.

Animals in Danger The toxins are dangerous to cats, dogs and horses, although these animals rarely tend to nibble on the plants. Even a small nibble on the leaves, wood or flowers, however, can cause symptoms to occur. On the other hand, sheep and goats graze readily on azaleas, so they are most at risk to be poisoned.

Symptoms of Poisoning in Animals Animals affected by azalea poisoning may vomit, experience diarrhea and appear weak. They may salivate excessively, lose their appetite, have difficulty walking and appear lethargic. In the most severe cases, the animal may lapse into a coma and eventually die. The symptoms usually persist for about two days. After that, the animal will either recover or pass away, depending on the severity of the poisoning and the treatment.

Symptoms of Poisoning in People Children who consume part of the plant will likely first complain of a burning sensation in the mouth, followed by excess saliva. Other symptoms are common to what animals experience. People who have consumed honey made from azaleas have suffered from vomiting, irregular heart rhythms, convulsions and mild paralysis.

Prevention If you have azaleas in your landscape, protect them from young children and grazing animals by planting them out of reach or within the boundaries of a fence. Smaller cultivars can be grown in containers, which can be moved out of reach of young children and pets if necessary.

Treatment If you suspect that your child has ingested part of the azalea, call poison control immediately, and be prepared to rush your child to the doctor for treatment if necessary. According to the Nova Scotia Museum, some of the plant's toxins are broken down into harmless compounds in the digestive tracts of humans, so it's rare for people to die from azalea consumption. Still, the danger is much greater in small children, and serious complications, including cardiac arrhythmia, have been known to occur. Diagnosis may include looking for traces of the plant in the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment usually includes detoxification, fluid replacement and other supportive therapies. If you suspect your that one of your pets has consumed a portion of the plant, call your veterinarian immediately. He will likely tell you to rush your pet in for treatment. If so, bring a portion of the plant so that the doctor can positively identify the plant and treat your pet accordingly.