A Pakistani man whose father died in a drone strike has failed in an attempt to hold British officials responsible for the killing.

The court of appeal ruled on Monday that considering whether GCHQ staff had passed on "locational intelligence" to the CIA before the attack in 2011 would involve "sitting in judgment" on the US.

Noor Khan, 28, lost his father, a tribal elder, to the strike on a local council meeting in North Waziristan, which had gathered to resolve a mining dispute.

"However the claims are presented, they involve serious criticisms of the acts of a foreign state," the three court of appeal judges concluded. "It is only in certain established circumstances that our courts will exceptionally sit in judgment of such acts. There are no such exceptional circumstances here."

The court would have to find the CIA implicitly guilty of a war crime before it could consider whether GCHQ had been involved, the court said.

Lawyers for the UK government had argued that the case should not proceed as "a finding by our court that the notional UK operator of a drone bomb which caused a death was guilty of murder would inevitably be understood … by the US as a condemnation of the US."

Responding to the ruling, Kat Craig, legal director of the human rights charity Reprieve, which is supporting Khan, said: "It is shameful that the risk of embarrassing the US has trumped British justice in this case.

"It now appears that the UK government can get away with murder, provided it is committed alongside an ally who may be sensitive to public criticism. It is a sad day when the rights of civilian victims of drone strikes take second place to the PR concerns of the US government."

Khan said: "I used to think that Britain stood for justice, but now it seems as though the government has put itself above the law.

"However, I am still determined to get answers from the UK government about the part they have played in the death of my father. The CIA's drone programme has not only killed hundreds of civilians, but is turning people in Pakistan against the US and its allies.

"This is why I was so upset to hear that Britain is helping the CIA to carry out these killings, and even more upset when the government refused to respond to my questions."

Rosa Curling from Leigh Day, which is representing Khan, said: "The court's decision not to determine the lawfulness of our government's involvement in CIA drone strikes in Pakistan, deadly strikes which have killed many civilians over recent years including my client's father, simply to spare the US government embarrassment is not only disappointing but also deeply worrying.

"The courts must have jurisdiction over the legality of our government's action irrespective of whether they act alongside a foreign state or not."