Activists at the Supreme Court opposed to partisan gerrymandering hold up representations of congressional districts from North Carolina (right) and Maryland. | Carolyn Kaster/AP Photo legal Federal judges toss Michigan congressional map The Supreme Court is already considering the question of whether partisan gerrymandering is unconstitutional and will rule later this year.

Federal judges threw out Michigan’s congressional and state legislative maps on Thursday, calling them unconstitutional partisan gerrymanders — but the outcome of cases already pending at the Supreme Court will likely determine whether Michigan redraws its districts before the 2020 election.

A three-judge panel of the U.S. District Court of Eastern Michigan ruled that Republicans who drew districts for Congress, state Senate and state House violated the 1st and 14th Amendment rights of Democratic voters by packing some of them into overwhelmingly Democratic districts, while others were “cracked” into Republican-leaning districts. All of those decisions were intended, the court found, to maximize Republicans’ partisan advantage.


The court struck down nine of the state’s 14 congressional districts — the 1st, 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th districts — as unconstitutional gerrymanders. The 1st, 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 10th and 11th were drawn to favor Republicans, the court found, even though freshman Democratic Reps. Elissa Slotkin and Haley Stevens flipped the 8th and 11th districts, respectively, in the 2018 wave that gave the party control of the House. The court also found that the Democratic-held 10th and 12th districts were packed with Democratic voters to siphon them off from other districts.

The court also ruled 11 state House districts and eight state Senate districts are unconstitutional gerrymanders.

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“Today, this court joins the growing chorus of federal courts that have, in recent years, held that partisan gerrymandering is unconstitutional,” wrote Judge Eric Clay, who was appointed by President Bill Clinton. Clay was joined in the decision by Judge Denise Page Hood, another Clinton appointee, and Judge Gordon Quist, who was appointed by President George H.W. Bush.

But, as in other states, the fate of Michigan’s maps — especially its congressional map — almost certainly lies in partisan gerrymandering cases already argued at the Supreme Court.

Last month, the high court heard arguments in cases from Maryland and North Carolina, where lower courts had ruled congressional-district lines violated voters’ constitutional rights. Decisions in those cases are expected to come in June, but experts say it’s possible the court’s conservative majority could decide that the judiciary shouldn’t police partisan gerrymandering claims.

The timing of a map redraw in Michigan suggests the state’s process may not proceed if the Supreme Court rules partisan gerrymandering is permissible. The Michigan court is giving the GOP-controlled state Legislature and the state’s Democratic governor, Gretchen Whitmer, until Aug. 1 to pass and sign into law new maps to be used in the 2020 elections. (Special elections would be needed in some of the state Senate districts, since state senators serve four-year terms.)

If the two parties can’t agree on new maps by Aug. 1, the court says it will redraw them itself.

Despite the uncertainty in Washington, anti-gerrymandering advocates celebrated Thursday’s decision.

“Today is a great victory for the voters of Michigan and for our democracy,” said Judy Karandjeff, president of the League of Women Voters of Michigan, the plaintiff in the case. “The state will now draw new district lines before the next federal election, which now will better reflect the makeup of the voters — not the interests of the politicians.”