A recurring theme in my posts have been contrasting artificial neural networks with natural ones. This moth study is very interesting along those lines. I am currently working on a mechanism to simulate this kind of ‘neuro-chemical’ based learning. Stay tuned, In the meantime, read this –

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610278/why-even-a-moths-brain-is-smarter-than-an-ai/