WASHINGTON—Former Trump campaign manager Paul Manafort was living a “lavish” lifestyle financed by a network of foreign corporate entities and accounts designed to help him avoid paying taxes on income he earned while lobbying for the pro-Russian government of Ukraine between 2006 and 2016, according to a 31-page indictment made public Monday.

Wire transfers by Mr. Manafort included nearly $1 million to an antique rug store in Alexandria, Va., out of accounts in Cyprus, about $850,000 on men’s clothing, more than $650,000...