For students like Anthony Roberts, 18, and Deandre Briber, 18, at the Prologue Early College High School in Chicago, the federal money offers some hope. Both are applying to the alternative school’s summer jobs program.

Last summer, with the aid of stimulus money, the school hired dozens of students, according to its principal, Pa Joof. This summer, without the money, the school can afford just 10.

“It was great last summer,” he said. “We had 80 to 90 kids kept off of the street seven or eight weeks. They were able to come right back to school without any problem” in the fall, he added. “What’s happening right now in Chicago, you let these kids out there for four or five weeks, we are going to lose some of them. That’s just the nature of the streets.”

Mr. Briber, who graduates next January, said he had applied at T.J. Maxx, Target, Kmart, and at a local docking company, with no luck. Having an income will help ease the burden on his mother, he said. Also, he said, “I feel like I do need to get a job because I’m kind of a handful. I want things, clothes, and to take care of myself. I just want to be on my own, to help out with bills.”

Mr. Roberts, who graduates in June and plans to attend college, said he had been searching for a job for a year and a half. Everywhere he goes, Mr. Roberts says, there are other teenagers ahead of him. “It bothers me, but at the same time,” he said, “I try not to let it bother me.”

Image Some state governments are cash poor. Kentucky has pulled back on mowing lawns at some facilities to save money. Credit... Jessica Ebelhar for The New York Times

In Boston, at the Charlestown High School, Jamila Hussein, 19, said she had been running into the same problem in looking for a part-time job in retail or restaurants. “It’s harder than it sounds,” said Ms. Hussein, who has a summer internship lined up in July to clerk for a judge. “Right now, some of the things, even if they are available, you have adults looking.”