Russia See also: President Trump | Ukraine | Allies and enemies . . Monmouth University Poll. Sept. 3-8, 2020. N=758 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.6. "Do you think the Russian government is trying to interfere in the 2020 presidential election? Would you say definitely, probably, probably not, or definitely not?" Definitely Probably Probably

not Definitely

not Unsure % % % % % 9/3-8/20 36 28 21 10 4 "Are you concerned or not concerned that Donald Trump may be too friendly toward Russia?" Concerned Not

concerned Unsure % % % 9/3-8/20 48 51 2 12/4-8/19 Adults 46 49 4 6/12-17/19 Adults 47 48 4 1/25-27/19 Adults 50 47 2 Gallup Poll. Feb. 3-16, 2020. N=1,028 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 4. . "Next, I'd like your overall opinion of some foreign countries. ... What is your overall opinion of Russia? Is it very favorable, mostly favorable, mostly unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" . Favorable Unfavorable No opinion % % % 2/3-16/20 28 72 1 2/1-10/19 24 73 3 2/1-10/18 25 72 2 2/1-5/17 28 70 2 2/3-7/16 30 65 5 2/8-11/15 24 70 6 2/6-9/14 34 60 6 2/7-10/13 44 50 7 2/2-5/12 50 44 6 2/2-5/11 51 42 7 2/1-3/10 47 45 7 Pew Research Center. July 10-15, 2019. N=1,502 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3. "How confident are you that the Trump administration is making a serious effort to prevent Russia from influencing future U.S. elections? Are you very confident, somewhat confident, not too confident, or not at all confident?" Very

confident Somewhat

confident Not too

confident Not at all

confident Unsure/

Refused % % % % % 7/10-15/19 25 21 16 35 2 Monmouth University Poll. May 16-20, 2019. N=802 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.5. "Do you think the Russian government tried to interfere in the 2016 presidential election? Would you say definitely, probably, probably not, or definitely not?" Definitely Probably Probably

not Definitely

not Unsure % % % % % 5/16-20/19 44 29 12 11 4 1/25-27/19 40 29 16 10 4 "If Russia did interfere in the presidential election, how much damage did it cause to American democracy: a lot, a little, or none at all?" A lot A little None

at all Unsure % % % % 5/16-20/19 49 19 28 4 1/25-27/19 46 21 30 3 "Do you think the Russian government tried to interfere in the 2018 midterm election? Would you say definitely, probably, probably not, or definitely not?" Definitely Probably Probably

not Definitely

not Unsure % % % % % 5/16-20/19 21 36 22 12 8 "Is the U.S. government doing enough or not doing enough to stop Russian interference in the American electoral system?" Doing

enough Not doing

enough They're not

interfering

(vol.) Unsure % % % % 5/16-20/19 28 60 3 9 1/25-27/19 27 57 2 14 Gallup Poll. Feb. 1-10, 2019. N=1,016 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 4. . "Next, I am going to read you a list of possible threats to the vital interests of the United States in the next 10 years. For each one, please tell me if you see this as a critical threat, an important but not critical threat, or not an important threat at all. ... The military power of Russia." . Critical Important Not

important Unsure % % % % 2/1-10/19 52 39 8 1 2/3-7/16 39 47 11 3 2/8-11/15 49 41 7 3 2/6-9/14 32 49 17 2 2/7-10/13 29 53 17 1 2/1-3/10 23 52 22 3 2/9-12/04 18 50 29 3 NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by Hart Research Associates (D) and Public Opinion Strategies (R). Jan. 20-23, 2019. N=900 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.3. RV = registered voters. Among adults, except where noted. "In general, do you believe that Donald Trump has a relationship with Vladimir Putin that is too friendly and therefore not appropriate for an American president to have with the president of Russia, or do you not have an opinion on this?" Do

believe it's

too friendly Do not

believe it's

too friendly Don't have

an opinion Unsure % % % % 1/20-23/19 35 29 35 1 7/15-18/18 RV 45 29 26 - 2/18-22/17 38 29 32 1 1/12-15/17 33 24 41 2 12/12-15/16 31 24 44 1 Gallup Poll. Aug. 1-12, 2018. N=1,024 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 4. . "Next, we'd like to get your overall opinion of some people in the news. As I read each name, please say if you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of these people -- or if you have never heard of them. ... How about Russian president Vladimir Putin?" . Favorable Unfavorable Never

heard of No opinion % % % % 8/1-12/18 13 76 7 4 6/7-11/17 13 74 5 7 2/1-5/17 22 72 2 4 2/8-11/15 13 72 5 11 3/22-23/14 9 69 12 10 2/6-9/14 19 63 11 7 9/15-16/13 19 54 13 13 10/6-8/03 38 28 16 18 5/20-22/02 41 18 13 28 . "How closely have you been following the news about Russia and the 2016 U.S. presidential election: very closely, somewhat closely, not too closely, or not at all?" . Very

closely Somewhat

closely Not too

closely Not

at all % % % % 8/1-12/18 33 34 18 14 . "Which comes closer to your view about Russian involvement in the 2016 U.S. presidential election: Russians did not interfere in the 2016 election, Russians interfered in the 2016 election, but their actions did not change the outcome of the election, or Russians interfered in the 2016 election and their actions changed the outcome of the election?" Options rotated . Did not

interfere Interfered,

didn't change

outcome Interfered,

changed

outcome Unsure % % % % 8/1-12/18 16 36 39 9 . "In your view, is it more important that the United States take strong diplomatic and economic steps against Russia, or is it more important that the U.S. continue efforts to improve relations with Russia?" . Take strong

steps against

Russia Continue

to improve

relations Both the

same (vol.) Unsure % % % % 8/1-12/18 36 58 4 3 Quinnipiac University Poll. July 18-23, 2018. N=1,177 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.5. . "Do you see Russia as an ally of the United States, an adversary of the United States, or do you see Russia as neither of these things?" . An ally An

adversary Neither Unsure/

No answer % % % % 7/18-23/18 5 55 37 3 3/3-5/18 3 55 38 3 6/22-27/17 6 52 39 3 5/31 - 6/6/17 8 45 43 4 1/20-25/17 9 46 41 4 . "Is your opinion of Vladimir Putin favorable, unfavorable, or haven't you heard enough about him?" . Favorable Unfavorable Haven't

heard enough Refused % % % % 7/18-23/18 6 72 19 2 2/16-21/17 7 72 18 3 1/20-25/17 9 70 20 1 1/5-9/17 9 68 19 4 . "Do you consider the Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election to be an attack on the democratic process of the United States, or don't you consider it an attack?" . Consider

it an attack Don't consider

it an attack Russia didn't

interfere

(vol.) Refused % % % % 7/18-23/18 67 24 2 7 . "How concerned are you that the Russian government may try to interfere in the 2018 elections: very concerned, somewhat concerned, not so concerned, or not concerned at all?" . Very

concerned Somewhat

concerned Not so

concerned Not

concerned

at all Unsure/

No answer % % % % % 7/18-23/18 42 21 16 20 1 2/16-19/18 45 23 12 19 1 5/17-23/17 38 21 16 24 1 NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll. July 19-22, 2018. N=1,061 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.6. . "How likely do you think there will be Russian interference in November's mid-term elections: very likely, likely, not very likely, or not likely at all?" . Very

likely Likely Not very

likely Not likely

at all Unsure % % % % % 7/19-22/18 30 27 20 18 5 4/10-13/18 26 29 22 18 5 3/5-6/18 25 26 22 20 7 2/5-7/18 17 24 23 29 6 CBS News Poll. July 17-18, 2018. N=1,007 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 4. . "Which of these is the way you would prefer the U.S. deal with Russia right now? Mostly put economic and diplomatic pressure on Russia. OR, Mostly look for dialogue and areas to cooperate with Russia." . Pressure Dialogue,

cooperation Unsure/

No answer . % % % 7/17-18/18 48 41 11 . "Do you consider Russia an ally of the United States, friendly but not an ally, unfriendly, or an enemy of the United States?" . An ally Friendly,

not an ally Unfriendly An enemy Unsure/

No answer % % % % % 7/17-18/18 6 37 26 25 6 7/29 - 8/4/14 7 29 34 22 9 3/20-23/14 7 35 33 18 7 6/26-28/07 10 58 18 6 8 2/24-25/03 20 60 8 4 8 11/13-14/01 25 55 5 5 10 . "As you may know, U.S. intelligence agencies have concluded that Russia interfered in the U.S. presidential election and may try to interfere in U.S. elections again. From what you have seen or heard, do you believe those U.S. intelligence assessments, or not?" . Believe

assessments Do not

believe Unsure/

No answer . % % % 7/17-18/18 70 24 6 . "How concerned are you that Russia may try to interfere in the 2018 U.S. elections: very concerned, somewhat concerned, not very concerned, or not at all concerned?" . Very

concerned Somewhat

concerned Not very

concerned Not at all

concerned Unsure/

No answer % % % % % 7/17-18/18 40 21 18 19 1 3/8-11/18 38 24 18 19 1 NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by Hart Research Associates (D) and Public Opinion Strategies (R). July 15-18, 2018. N=774 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.3. RV = registered voters. Among adults, except where noted. "In general, do you think of Russia as more of an ally or more of an adversary?" More of

an ally More of an

adversary Neither/

Both (vol.) Unsure % % % % 7/15-18/18 RV 16 72 4 8 4/8-11/18 16 74 4 6 6/12-15/09 29 49 7 15 8/15-18/08 RV 19 62 8 11 4/5-7/02 52 26 11 11 5/96 48 28 10 14 3/95 56 35 5 4 Gallup Poll. July 2-8, 2018. N=1,291 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3. . "For each of the following countries, please say whether you consider it an ally of the United States, friendly but not an ally, unfriendly, or an enemy of the United States. ... How about Russia?" . An ally Friendly but

not an ally Unfriendly An enemy Unsure % % % % % 7/2-8/18 6 25 37 29 2 3/22-23/14 5 21 44 24 5 9/15-16/13 13 31 34 16 7 6/1-4/13 11 41 30 12 6 7/6-9/06 18 55 16 4 6 4/22-23/03 15 50 20 10 5 3/14-15/03 23 44 25 5 3 4/20-22/01 11 45 25 13 6 5/18-21/00 12 49 22 11 6 3/17-19/00 9 34 26 14 17 4/13/99 2 44 27 5 22 CNN Poll conducted by SSRS. June 14-17, 2018. N=1,012 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.7. . "We'd like to get your overall opinion of some people in the news. As I read each name, please say if you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of these people -- or if you have never heard of them. ... How about Russian President Vladimir Putin?" . Favorable Unfavorable Never

heard of No

opinion Unsure/

Refused % % % % % 6/14-17/18 11 72 5 9 3 5/2-5/18 11 77 3 6 3 ABC News/Washington Post Poll. April 8-11, 2018. N=1,002 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.5. . "Russia has been implicated in a variety of violations of international law. Do you think Trump has done too much or too little to criticize Russia on these issues, or has he handled it about right?" . Too

much Too

little About

right Unsure % % % % 4/8-11/18 4 49 38 9 . "Would you support or oppose tougher U.S. sanctions against Russia?" . Support Oppose Unsure % % % 4/8-11/18 68 21 11 . "Do you think Trump should hold a summit meeting with Russian leader Vladimir Putin at the White House in order to try to improve U.S.-Russian relations, or do you think Trump should NOT hold a summit with Putin at the White House because it would give Putin legitimacy while his government allegedly violates international laws?" . Should

hold meeting Should not

hold meeting Unsure % % % 4/8-11/18 52 42 6 CBS News Poll. March 8-11, 2018. N=1,223 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3. . "Is your opinion of Russian President Vladimir Putin favorable, not favorable, undecided, or haven't you heard enough about Vladimir Putin yet to have an opinion?" . Favorable Not

favorable Undecided Haven't

heard enough Unsure/

No answer % % % % % 3/8-11/18 5 56 19 18 2 Marist Poll. Feb. 5-7, 2018. N=1,012 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.7. . "Since 2016, do you think social media sites such as Facebook or Twitter have done a great deal, a good amount, a little, or nothing at all to ensure that there is no Russian interference in this year's mid-term elections?" . A great

deal A good

amount A little Nothing

at all Unsure % % % % % 2/5-7/18 5 9 33 40 12 . "Since 2016, do you think Congress has done a great deal, a good amount, a little, or nothing at all to ensure that there is no Russian interference in this year's mid-term elections?" . A great

deal A good

amount A little Nothing

at all Unsure % % % % % 2/5-7/18 6 12 35 38 9 Bloomberg National Poll conducted by Selzer & Company. July 8-12, 2017. N=1,001 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.1. . "... For each, please tell me if your feelings are very favorable, mostly favorable, mostly unfavorable, or very unfavorable. If you don't know enough to answer, just say so. ... Vladimir Putin, president of the Russian Federation." . Favorable Unfavorable Unsure % % % 7/8-12/17 15 65 21 8/5-8/16 10 64 26 Quinnipiac University Poll. June 22-27, 2017. N=1,212 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.4. . "Do you believe President Trump has too friendly of an attitude towards Russia, too unfriendly of an attitude towards Russia, or has about the right attitude towards Russia?"

1/5-9/17: "Do you believe President-elect Trump ...." . Too

friendly Too

unfriendly About right

attitude Unsure/

No answer % % % % 6/22-27/17 50 3 42 5 5/31 - 6/6/17 54 3 38 5 2/16-21/17 54 2 37 6 1/20-25/17 49 3 43 5 1/5-9/17 50 4 40 7 NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll. June 21-25, 2017. N=1,205 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 2.8. "Do you think President Trump's goal of improving relations with Russia is mostly a good thing for the United States, or mostly a bad thing for the United States?" Mostly

good Mostly

bad Unsure % % % 6/21-25/17 46 41 13 "Do you think it's better for the United States to build relationships with Russia, or treat Russia as a threat?" Build

relationships Treat as

a threat Unsure % % % 6/21-25/17 59 31 10 Marist Poll. April 11-12, 2017. N=1,069 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3. "Do you think Russia is a major threat to the security of the United States, a minor threat, or no threat at all?" A major

threat A minor

threat No threat

at all Unsure % % % % 4/11-12/17 47 40 10 3 NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by Hart Research Associates (D) and Public Opinion Strategies (R). Feb. 18-22, 2017. N=1,000 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.1. "And, do you think that the U.S. Congress should investigate whether or not there was contact between the Russian government and the Trump campaign in 2016? If you do not know enough to have an opinion either way, just say so." Half sample (Form A) Should

investigate Should not

investigate Don't know

enough Unsure % % % % 2/18-22/17 53 25 21 1 "And, do you think that the U.S. Congress should investigate whether or not the Russian government interfered with the 2016 presidential election? If you do not know enough to have an opinion either way, just say so." Half sample (Form B) Should

investigate Should not

investigate Don't know

enough Unsure % % % % 2/18-22/17 54 29 16 1 Quinnipiac University Poll. Jan. 20-25, 2017. N=1,190 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ± 2.8. . "Do you think that the Russian government interfered with the 2016 presidential election, or not?" . Think

they did Do not think

they did Unsure/

No answer % % % ALL 53 39 8 Republicans 15 74 11 Democrats 84 10 7 Independents 53 41 7 . "Do you support or oppose investigations into the Russian government's potential role in the 2016 presidential election?" . Support Oppose Unsure/

No answer % % % ALL 68 28 4 Republicans 43 51 6 Democrats 88 11 1 Independents 67 29 4 . "Do you approve or disapprove of the new sanctions ordered by the U.S. government against Russia in retaliation for alleged election interference?" . Approve Disapprove Unsure/

No answer % % % 1/20-25/17 56 30 14 Republicans 27 54 19 Democrats 80 11 9 Independents 57 30 13 . 1/5-9/17 53 34 12 . "Do you support or oppose investigations into the potential links between some of Donald Trump's campaign advisors and the Russian government?" . Support Oppose Unsure/

No answer % % % ALL 62 32 6 Republicans 28 61 11 Democrats 87 11 2 Independents 66 31 4 ABC News/Washington Post Poll. Jan. 12-15, 2017. N=1,005 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.5. . "Do you think Trump is being too friendly towards Russia, too confrontational toward them, or is taking about the right approach?" . Too

friendly Too

confrontational About

right Unsure % % % % 1/12-15/17 43 5 40 11 . "Given what you've heard or read, do you think the Russian government did or did not hack into and leak Clinton campaign e-mails during the presidential campaign?" . Did

hack, leak Did not

hack, leak Unsure % % % 1/12-15/17 64 20 15 . "Given what you've heard or read, do you think the Russian government did or did not hack into and leak Clinton campaign e-mails during the presidential campaign?" If did hack and leak: "Do you think Russia leaked this material with the goal of helping Trump win the election, or not?" Combined responses. . Did hack:

To help

Trump Did hack:

Not to help Trump Did hack:

Unsure why Did not

hack, leak Unsure % % % % % 1/12-15/17 45 16 3 20 15 . "Do you approve or disapprove of the way Trump has responded to the issue of Russian hacking?" . Approve Disapprove Unsure % % % 1/12-15/17 35 54 10 NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by Hart Research Associates (D) and Public Opinion Strategies (R). Jan. 12-15, 2017. N=1,000 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.1. "And, moving on: Do you think the Russian government interfered with the 2016 presidential election by hacking into the computers of the Democratic Party?" Yes,

interfered No, did not

interfere Unsure % % % 1/12-15/17 51 36 13 "Do you think the Russian government interfered with the 2016 presidential election by hacking into the computers of the Democratic Party?" If yes: "Do you think this interference by the Russians affected the outcome of the election?" Combined responses. Interfered:

Affected

outcome Interfered:

Did not

affect

outcome Interfered:

Unsure

if affected

outcome Did not

interfere

or unsure

if they did % % % % 1/12-15/17 36 13 2 49 Quinnipiac University. Jan. 5-9, 2017. N=899 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.3. . "Do you think that the Russian government interfered with the 2016 presidential election through hacking, or not?" . Think

they did Do not think

they did Unsure/

No answer % % % ALL 55 36 10 Republicans 29 64 8 Democrats 78 14 8 Independents 56 33 11 . If think they did interfere: "Do you think that the Russian government interfered with the 2016 presidential election specifically to help Donald Trump become president, or not?" . Think they

interfered to

help Trump Do not think

they did Unsure/

No answer % % % 1/5-9/17 75 20 5 . "Do you believe that the results of any further investigations into Russia's interference should be released to the public, or not?" . Believe it

should be Do not believe

it should be Unsure/

No answer % % % 1/5-9/17 82 13 5 Pew Research Center. Jan. 4-9, 2017. N=1,502 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 2.9. . "Is your overall opinion of Vladimir Putin is very favorable, mostly favorable, mostly UNfavorable, or very unfavorable?" . Favorable Unfavorable Never

heard of

(vol.) Can't rate

(vol.)/

Refused % % % % 1/4-9/17 19 69 6 7 2/18-22/15 12 70 10 8 . "All things considered, which of these descriptions comes closest to your view of Russia today? Do you think Russia is an adversary, a serious problem but not an adversary, or not much of a problem?" N=746 (Form 1); margin of error ± 4.1 . An

adversary A serious

problem, not

an adversary Not much

of a problem Unsure/

Refused % % % % 1/4-9/17 29 44 24 3 10/20-25/16 23 46 23 7 4/12-19/16 23 44 30 4 7/24-27/14 26 49 15 9 3/20-23/14 26 43 22 10 10/30 - 11/6/13 18 36 40 6 10/28 - 11/8/09 15 32 42 11 9/9-14/08 18 48 28 6 . "How much, if anything, have you heard or read about allegations that Russia was involved in hacking the Democratic National Committee and the Clinton campaign last year: a lot, a little, or nothing at all?" . A lot A little Nothing

at all Unsure/

Refused % % % % 1/4-9/17 61 27 12 1 . If have heard or read about it: "From what you've read and heard about this topic, do you think Russia was definitely, probably, probably not, or definitely not behind these hacks?" . Definitely

behind Probably

behind Probably

not behind Definitely

not behind Unsure/

Refused % % % % % 1/4-9/17 36 36 17 7 4 . If have heard or read about it: "As you may know, the U.S. has imposed sanctions and taken actions against Russia as a response. Do you think these sanctions and actions against Russia go too far, do not go far enough, or are about right?" . Go too

far Do not go

far enough Are about

right Unsure/

Refused % % % % 1/4-9/17 20 27 46 8 Suffolk University/USA Today. Dec. 14-18, 2016. N=1,000 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ± 3. "How concerned are you about the conclusions by some U.S. intelligence agencies that Russian state interests tried to meddle in the U.S. presidential election: very concerned, somewhat concerned, not very concerned, or not at all concerned?" Very

concerned Somewhat

concerned Not very

concerned Not at all

concerned Unsure % % % % % 12/14-18/16 36 21 16 23 5 "Should Congress and the new Trump administration investigate whether Russia tried to meddle in the U.S. presidential election?" Yes No Unsure Refused % % % % 12/14-18/16 62 33 5 1 NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by Hart Research Associates (D) and Public Opinion Strategies (R). Dec. 12-15, 2016. N=1,000 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.1. "United States intelligence agencies have concluded that hackers working in connection with the Russian government tried to influence the 2016 presidential election, including by hacking into the Democratic National Committee's emails. The Central Intelligence Agency has told officials that the hacked information was released in order to damage the Clinton campaign. How much does it bother you that hackers working in connection with a foreign government were involved in trying to influence our elections: a great deal, quite a bit, just some, very little, or does this not really bother you?" % A great deal 43 Quite a bit 12 Just some 10 Very little 8 Does not bother 23 Unsure 4 "Do you believe that these actions helped Donald Trump win the presidency, or don't you believe that this made a difference in the outcome?" Helped

Trump Didn't make

a difference Unsure % % % 12/12-15/16 37 57 6 Bloomberg Politics Poll conducted by Selzer & Company. Dec. 2-5, 2016. N=999 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.1. . "For each of the following countries, please tell me if you think relations with the U.S. will be better or worse within the next four years. ... Russia." . Better Worse Unsure % % % 12/2-5/16 62 28 11 Pew Research Center. Feb. 18-22, 2015. N=1,504 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 2.9. . "How much, if anything, have you read or heard about tensions between Russia and Ukraine over territory in eastern Ukraine. Have you heard a lot, a little, or nothing at all?" . A lot A little Nothing

at all % % % 2/18-22/15 39 41 19 4/23-27/14 46 34 20 . "In response to the situation involving Russia and Ukraine, would you favor or oppose the United States increasing economic and diplomatic sanctions on Russia?" . Favor Oppose Unsure/

Refused % % % 2/18-22/15 60 34 6 4/23-27/14 53 36 11 . "In response to the situation involving Russia and Ukraine, would you favor or oppose the United States sending arms and military supplies to the Ukrainian government?" . Favor Oppose Unsure/

Refused % % % 2/18-22/15 41 53 6 4/23-27/14 30 62 8 . "In response to the situation involving Russia and Ukraine, would you favor or oppose the United States training Ukrainian military troops?" . Favor Oppose Unsure/

Refused % % % 2/18-22/15 49 46 5 . "How important to the interests of the United States is what happens between Russia and Ukraine: very important, somewhat important, not too important, or not at all important?" . Very

important Somewhat

important Not too

important Not at all

important Unsure/

Refused % % % % % 2/18-22/15 30 46 13 7 3 7/24-27/14 48 35 8 5 4 4/23-27/14 31 36 16 13 4 CNN/ORC Poll. Feb. 12-15, 2015. N=1,027 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3. . "Thinking about the situation in the country of Ukraine, where Russian troops have occupied an area of Ukraine called the Crimean peninsula and pro-Russian militants have taken control of government buildings in several areas in the eastern part of Ukraine. How likely do you think it is that both sides will abide by the recently announced ceasefire agreement between Ukraine and Russia: very likely, somewhat likely, not too likely, or not likely at all?" . Very

likely Somewhat

likely Not too

likely Not likely

at all Unsure % % % % % 2/12-15/15 5 29 38 27 2 Gallup Poll. Feb. 8-11, 2015. N=837 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 4. . "Next, I am going to read you a list of possible threats to the vital interests of the United States in the next 10 years. For each one, please tell me if you see this as a critical threat, an important but not critical threat, or not an important threat at all. ... The conflict between Russia and Ukraine." . Critical Important Not

important Unsure % % % % 2/8-11/15 44 45 8 3 CNN/ORC Poll. Sept. 5-7, 2014. N=1,014 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3. . "Now here are some questions about the situation in the country of Ukraine, where separatist groups that receive military support from Russia have been fighting the Ukrainian government for control of areas in the eastern part of that country. In general, how concerned are you about the current situation in Ukraine: very concerned, somewhat concerned, not very concerned, or not concerned at all?"

5/14: "Now here are some questions about the situation in the country of Ukraine, where Russian troops have occupied an area of Ukraine called the Crimean peninsula and pro-Russian militants have taken control of government buildings in several areas in the eastern part of Ukraine. ... "

3/14: "Now here are some questions about the situation in the country of Ukraine, where Russia has sent troops into an area of Ukraine called the Crimean Peninsula. ..." . Very

concerned Somewhat

concerned Not very

concerned Not

concerned

at all Unsure % % % % % 9/5-7/14 27 45 17 10 1 5/2-4/14 36 42 13 9 1 3/7-9/14 30 42 15 12 1 . "Do you favor or oppose increased economic sanctions against Russia?" . Favor Oppose Unsure % % % 9/5-7/14 67 29 4 . "As you may know, Ukraine and Russia have agreed to a cease-fire. Do you think that Russia can be trusted to keep the promises it made in that cease-fire agreement, or don't you think so?" . Can be

trusted Don't

think so Unsure % % % 9/5-7/14 24 73 3 CBS News Poll. July 29-Aug. 4, 2014. N=1,344 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3. . "The United States and Europe have enacted additional sanctions against Russia in response to Russia's actions in Ukraine. How effective do you think these sanctions will be in changing Russia's actions in Ukraine: very effective, somewhat effective, not very effective, or not at all effective?" . Very

effective Somewhat

effective Not very

effective Not at all

effective Unsure/

No answer % % % % % 7/29 - 8/4/14 7 31 31 23 8 CNN/ORC Poll. July 18-20, 2014. N=1,012 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3. . "Next, I'd like your overall opinion of some foreign countries. Is your overall opinion of each of the following very favorable, mostly favorable, mostly unfavorable, or very unfavorable? Russia." . Very

favorable Mostly

favorable Mostly

unfavorable Very

unfavorable Unsure % % % % % 7/18-20/14 4 15 41 37 2 1/31 - 2/2/14 4 37 37 18 3 5/24-26/11 10 47 28 12 2 4/3-5/09 6 41 35 16 2 . "Now here are a few questions about the Malaysian airplane that was shot down by a missile on Thursday and crashed in an area of Ukraine controlled by separatist groups that receive military support from Russia.



"Based on what you have read or heard, do you think it is very likely, somewhat likely, somewhat unlikely or very unlikely that the missile that caused the airplane crash was launched by a separatist group in Ukraine?" . Very

likely Somewhat

likely Somewhat

unlikely Very

unlikely Unsure % % % % % 7/18-20/14 56 24 6 8 7 . "Just your best guess -- based on what you have read or heard, do you think Russia is directly responsible for the crash of the airplane, indirectly responsible, or not responsible at all?" . Directly

responsible Indirectly

responsible Not

responsible

at all Unsure % % % % 7/18-20/14 34 51 11 5 . "If there is clear evidence that Russia is responsible for the airplane crash, what do you think the United States should do in response: take military action against Russia, use economic and diplomatic sanctions but not take military action, or take no action against Russia at all?" . Military

action Sanctions No action Unsure % % % % 7/18-20/14 9 71 19 1 . "Do you trust the Russians and the separatist groups in Ukraine to cooperate fully with any international investigation of this incident, or do you think the Russians and the separatists groups will attempt to cover something up?" . Trust to

cooperate Will attempt

to cover up Unsure % % % 7/18-20/14 7 91 2 CNN/ORC Poll. May 2-4, 2014. N=1,008 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3. . "Do you approve or disapprove of the way Barack Obama is handling the situation in Ukraine?" . Approve Disapprove Unsure % % % 5/2-4/14 48 44 7 3/7-9/14 48 43 9 . "What do you think the United States should do in response to the situation in Ukraine: take military action against Russia now, use economic and diplomatic efforts but not take military action right now, or take no action against Russia at this time?" . Military

action Economic,

diplomatic efforts No action

at this time Unsure % % % % 5/2-4/14 6 65 28 1 Pew Research Center/USA Today. April 23-27, 2014. N=1,501 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 2.9. . "Do you think Barack Obama is being too tough, not tough enough or about right in dealing with the situation involving Russia and Ukraine?" . Too

tough Not tough

enough About

right Unsure/

Refused % % % % 4/23-27/14 6 35 40 20 3/20-23/14 5 35 43 16 McClatchy-Marist Poll. April 7-10, 2014. N=1,212 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 2.8. . "Russia has sent troops into the Crimea region of the bordering but independent country of Ukraine in response to a new Ukrainian government. From what you have seen or heard, which comes closer to your view? The U.S. should not draw a hard line against Russia in Ukraine because it could mean losing Russia's cooperation on other issues like Iran and Syria. The U.S. should draw a hard line against Russia in Ukraine regardless of other international issues with Russia." . Should not

draw a

hard line Should

draw a

hard line Unsure % % % 4/7-10/14 50 42 8 . "Do you think the United States should consider military options against Russia, consider only economic and political options, or not get involved in the situation?" . Military Economic,

political Not get

involved Unsure % % % % 4/7-10/14 7 46 43 4 . "Russia has stated it is only interested in Ukraine's Crimea region and will not send troops into the rest of Ukraine. Do you think Russia is more likely to stop at Ukraine's Crimea region or send troops into other regions of Ukraine?" . Stop at

Crimea Send troops

into other

regions Unsure % % % 4/7-10/14 25 66 9 . "Do you think it is very likely, likely, not very likely or not likely at all the current situation in Ukraine will lead to another cold war between Russia and the United States?" . Very

likely Likely Not very

likely Not likely

at all Unsure % % % % % 4/7-10/14 13 33 37 12 5 . "Do you approve or disapprove of how President Obama is handling the situation between Russia and Ukraine?" . Approve Disapprove Unsure % % % 4/7-10/14 45 45 10 Quinnipiac University. March 26-31, 2014. N=1,578 registered voters nationwide. Margin of error ± 2.5. . "Do you approve or disapprove of the way Barack Obama is handling the situation involving Russia and Ukraine?" . Approve Disapprove Unsure/

No answer % % % 3/26-31/14 41 47 11 . "Thinking about the situation in Ukraine, do you think it is more important for the U.S. to take a firm stand against Russian actions, or not get too involved in the situation?" . Take a

firm stand Not get too

involved Unsure/

No answer % % % 3/26-31/14 39 54 7 . "Overall, do you support or oppose the United States and its European allies imposing economic sanctions on Russia for its actions involving Ukraine?" . Support Oppose Unsure/

No answer % % % ALL 69 21 10 Republicans 69 22 9 Democrats 70 19 11 Independents 69 22 9 . "How concerned are you that the current situation in Ukraine will develop into a larger regional conflict that could lead to the U.S. military getting involved? Would you say you are very concerned, somewhat concerned, not so concerned, or not at all concerned about that?" . Very

concerned Somewhat

concerned Not so

concerned Not at all

concerned Unsure/

No answer % % % % % 3/26-31/14 39 41 13 5 2 . "Do you think Barack Obama is being too tough, not tough enough or about right in dealing with the situation involving Russia and Ukraine?" . Too

tough Not tough

enough About

right Unsure/

No answer % % % % 3/26-31/14 6 36 45 13 . "Do you believe that developments in Ukraine could lead to a renewal of the 'Cold War' or don't you think so?" . Could lead

to a renewal Don't

think so Unsure/

No answer % % % 3/26-31/14 56 35 9 . "Would you compare Vladimir Putin's actions against Ukraine to Adolph Hitler's actions against Austria and Czechoslovakia before the outbreak of World War II, or do you think that is too strong a comparison, or do you not know enough about that history?" . Would

compare Too

strong Do not

know enough Unsure/

No answer % % % % 3/26-31/14 24 51 21 4 Gallup Poll. March 22-23, 2014. N=1,012 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 4. . "Do you think the United States and Russia are heading back toward a Cold War, or not?" . Yes, are No, are not Unsure % % % 3/22-23/14 50 43 7 CBS News Poll. March 20-23, 2014. N=1,097 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3. . "Do you approve or disapprove of the way Barack Obama is handling the situation between Russia and Ukraine?" . Approve Disapprove Unsure/

No answer % % % 3/20-23/14 38 46 16 . "How much have you heard or read about the situation between Russia and Ukraine in which Russian troops have entered the Crimean region of Ukraine, and Russia has now recognized Crimea as part of Russia? Have you heard or read a lot, some, or not much?" . A lot Some Not much Nothing

(vol.) % % % % 3/20-23/14 36 33 29 2 . "Do you think the United States has a responsibility to do something about the situation between Russia and Ukraine, or doesn't the United States have this responsibility?" . Has a

responsibility Doesn't

have this

responsibility Unsure/

No answer % % % ALL 32 61 7 Republicans 37 58 5 Democrats 31 61 8 Independents 29 62 8 . "The United States and European countries have enacted sanctions against Russia in response to Russia's actions in the Ukrainian territory of Crimea. Do you approve or disapprove of enacting these sanctions against Russia?" . Approve Disapprove Unsure/

No answer % % % 3/20-23/14 56 32 12 . "How effective do you think these sanctions will be in changing Russian actions in Ukraine and Crimea: very effective, somewhat effective, not very effective, or not at all effective?" . Very

effective Somewhat

effective Not very

effective Not at all

effective Unsure/

No answer % % % % % 3/20-23/14 5 27 31 27 9 . "Do you think the U.S. should or should not provide military aid and equipment to Ukraine in response to Russia's actions in Ukraine and Crimea?" . Should Should

not Unsure/

No answer % % % 3/20-23/14 26 65 8 . "How likely do you think it is that the situation between Russia and Ukraine will become a more widespread conflict involving neighboring countries and other parts of Europe: very likely, somewhat likely, not too likely, or not at all likely?" . Very

likely Somewhat

likely Not too

likely Not at all

likely Unsure/

No answer % % % % % 3/20-23/14 27 42 20 7 5 . "Do you think the situation between Russia and Ukraine is something the United States can do something about, or something beyond the control of the United States?" Options rotated . Can do

something Beyond

U.S. control Unsure/

No answer % % % 3/20-23/14 37 57 6 Pew Research Center. March 20-23, 2014. N=1,002 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.6. . "Thinking about the situation in Ukraine, do you think it is more important for the U.S. to take a firm stand against Russian actions or not get too involved in the situation?" Options rotated . Take a

firm stand Not get too

involved Unsure/

Refused % % % 3/20-23/14 35 52 13 3/6-9/14 29 56 15 . "Thinking about the situation in Ukraine, do you think it is more important for the U.S. to take a firm stand against Russian actions or not get too involved in the situation?" If "Take a firm stand": "And do you think the U.S. should consider military options to address the situation involving Russia and Ukraine, or should it only consider economic and political options?" Combined responses. . Firm stand:

Military Firm stand:

Economic,

political Firm stand:

Unsure/

Refused Not get too

involved Unsure/

Refused % % % % % 3/20-23/14 6 26 3 52 13 3/6-9/14 8 19 2 56 15 CNN/ORC Poll. March 7-9, 2014. N=801 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.5. . "Would you say that the following represent a very serious threat to the United States, a moderately serious threat, just a slight threat, or no threat at all? Russia." . Very

serious Moderately

serious Just

slight No threat

at all Unsure % % % % % 3/7-9/14 29 40 19 12 - 4/13-15/12 11 33 29 24 2 6/26-28/09 11 28 29 31 1 . "Thinking now about Russian President Vladimir Putin, do you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of Vladimir Putin, or have you never heard of him?"

1/14: "We'd like to get your overall opinion of the leaders of some foreign countries. As I read each name, please say if you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of these people -- or if you have never heard of them. Russian President Vladimir Putin." . Favorable Unfavorable Never

heard of Unsure % % % % 3/7-9/14 11 68 11 10 1/31 - 2/2/14 20 54 16 10 . "Do you approve or disapprove of the way Barack Obama is handling the situation in Ukraine?" . Approve Disapprove Unsure % % % ALL 48 43 9 Democrats 74 20 6 Independents 44 45 11 Republicans 21 71 8 . "Here are some actions which the United States and its allies might take to try to force Russia to remove its troops from the Crimean Peninsula and to make sure Russia does not send troops into other parts of Ukraine. Which of these actions do you favor and which do you oppose? ..." . Favor Oppose Unsure % % % . "Imposing economic sanctions on Russia" 3/7-9/14 59 39 2 . "Providing economic assistance to the Ukrainian government" 3/7-9/14 46 52 2 . "Cancelling the summit meeting between the leaders of Russia and the U.S. and its Western European allies" 3/7-9/14 40 58 2 . "Sending weapons and other military supplies to the Ukrainian government" 3/7-9/14 23 76 2 . "U.S. military action against Russian troops in Ukraine involving air strikes but no ground troops" 3/7-9/14 17 82 2 . "Sending U.S. ground troops to Ukraine" 3/7-9/14 12 88 1 . "As you may know, Russian troops are currently in the Crimean Peninsula, which is a part of Ukraine's territory, but there are no Russian troops anywhere else in Ukraine. If the Crimean Peninsula becomes part of Russia rather than Ukraine, do you think that would create a crisis for the United States, major problems, minor problems, or no problems at all?" . A crisis Major

problems Minor

problems No problems

at all Unsure % % % % % 3/7-9/14 6 25 49 18 2 . "And if Russia sent its troops into other parts of Ukraine, do you think that would create a crisis for the United States, major problems, minor problems, or no problems at all?" . A crisis Major

problems Minor

problems No problems

at all Unsure % % % % % 3/7-9/14 10 41 37 10 1 . "Do you think that Russia's actions in Ukraine are or are not a violation of international law?" N=401 (Version A), margin of error ± 5 . A violation Not a

violation Unsure % % % 3/7-9/14 81 12 7 . "Do you think there was any justification for Russia's actions in Ukraine, or don't you think there was any?" N=400 (Version B), margin of error ± 5 . Justification No

justification Unsure % % % 3/7-9/14 17 72 11 . "Do you think it is likely or not likely that there will be a new cold war between the United States and Russia in the next few years?" N=401 (Version A), margin of error ± 5 . Likely Not likely Unsure % % % 3/7-9/14 48 49 3 . "Thinking about Russia, do you worry about the possibility of nuclear war with Russia, or isn't that something you worry about?" N=400 (Version B), margin of error ± 5 . Worry Do not

worry % % 3/7-9/14 40 59 Gallup Poll. March 6-9, 2014. N=1,048 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 4. . "How closely are you following the news about Russia's involvement in the situation in Ukraine: very closely, somewhat closely, not too closely or not at all?" . Very

closely Somewhat

closely Not too

closely Not at all % % % % 3/6-9/14 30 38 18 14 . "How worried are you that the current situation in Ukraine will develop into a larger regional conflict that could lead to the U.S. military getting involved? Would you say you are very worried, somewhat worried, not too worried, or not at all worried about that?" . Very

worried Somewhat

worried Not too

worried Not at all

worried Unsure % % % % % 3/6-9/14 27 39 21 12 1 Pew Research Center. March 6-9, 2014. N=1,003 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.6. . "As I read a list of some stories covered by news organizations this past week, please tell me if you happened to follow each news story very closely, fairly closely, not too closely, or not at all closely. ... Russia sending troops into Ukraine's Crimea region in response to a new Ukrainian government." . Very

closely Fairly

closely Not too

closely Not at all

closely Unsure/

Refused % % % % % 3/6-9/14 28 31 17 23 1 . "Do you approve or disapprove of the way the Obama administration is handling the situation involving Russia and Ukraine?" . Approve Disapprove Unsure/

Refused % % % 3/6-9/14 30 44 26 . "Do you think Russia was justified or not justified in sending troops into Ukraine?" . Justified Not

justified Unsure/

Refused % % % 3/6-9/14 10 68 22 ABC News/Washington Post Poll. March 5-9, 2014. N=1,014 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.5. . "Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way Barack Obama is handling the situation involving Russia and Ukraine?" . Approve Disapprove Unsure % % % 3/5-9/14 42 43 15 . "Overall, do you support or oppose the United States and its European allies imposing economic sanctions on Russia for its actions involving Ukraine?" . Support Oppose Unsure % % % 3/5-9/14 56 31 13 . "If its European allies do not participate, would you support or oppose the United States alone imposing economic sanctions on Russia?" . Support Oppose Unsure % % % 3/5-9/14 40 51 10 NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by Hart Research Associates (D) and Public Opinion Strategies (R). March 5-9, 2014. N=1,000 adults nationwide. Margin of error ± 3.1. . "Do you generally approve or disapprove of the job Barack Obama is doing in handling the situation between Russia and Ukraine?" . Approve Disapprove Unsure % % % 3/5-9/14 43 40 17 . "As you may know, Russia has sent troops into Ukraine, which is an independent country. In response, the United States government, the European Union, and other countries are considering a number of economic and diplomatic actions intended to put pressure on Russia to remove its troops. Do you think the United States should take action by itself, only take action in cooperation with other countries, or let the European Union handle the situation without U.S. involvement? If you do not know enough about this issue to have an opinion, please just say so and we'll move on." . Take action

by itself Only take

action with

others Let European

Union handle

the situation Do not

know enough

about this Unsure % % % % % 3/5-9/14 5 48 26 20 1 Russia continued