Norway could block any UK attempt to rejoin the European Free Trade Association, the small club of nations that has access to the European single market without being part of the EU.

Senior Norwegian government members are to hold talks with David Davis, the Brexit minister, in the next few weeks.

Some Brexit supporters have suggested that Efta would be one way of retaining access to the single market while honouring the referendum mandate to leave the EU.

Norway is not a member of the EU, but it has access to the single market from its membership of the European Economic Area (EEA), which groups all EU members and three of the four Efta members: Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein, but not Switzerland.

Norway’s European affairs minister, Elisabeth Vik Aspaker, reflecting a growing debate in the country following the Brexit vote in the UK, told the Aftenposten newspaper: “It’s not certain that it would be a good idea to let a big country into this organisation. It would shift the balance, which is not necessarily in Norway’s interests.”

She also confirmed that the UK could only join if there were unanimous agreement, thereby providing Norway with a veto. Aspaker said she did not know the UK’s plans.

EEA membership requires the four EU freedoms: free movement of persons, services, goods and capital. Norway, in need of extra labour, does not oppose free movement, though the issue of asylum seekers and refugees is controversial.

An EU special summit in Bratislava in September and the Conservative party conference in October may provide greater clarity on the British government’s thinking, Aspaker said.



One concern is that Norway, through Efta, has signed trade agreements with 38 countries, including Mexico, Canada, Colombia, Morocco, Kuwait and Qatar. If the UK joined, those trade agreements might have to be renegotiated and future trade deals would become more complex.



Norway’s prime minister, Erna Solberg, urged British voters not to follow Norway’s example during the referendum campaign. Photograph: Vegard Wivestad Grtt/AFP/Getty Images

During the UK referendum campaign, Norwegian government members, including the prime minister, Erna Solberg, repeatedly urged British voters not to follow the Norway example, saying: “Do not leave the EU, you will hate it.”



The largely pro-EU political class in Norway argue that the high price for access to the single market is a loss of sovereignty, since the country is bound by EU decisions without having a vote on how they are taken.

Britain was a founding member of Efta in 1960, a free trade organisation that was an appendage to the European Economic Community, the forerunner of the EU. In 1973, Britain joined the EEC.

By opposing a British return to Efta, where decisions are made by consensus, Norway would in effect block the UK’s chances of accessing the single market via the EEA, since only EU and Efta members can be part of the EEA.

Before the summer, Aspaker set up a working party within the foreign ministry to look into how to safeguard Norway’s interests.



She has stressed the need to retain good cooperative bilateral relations with the UK. But there are concerns that if the UK joined Efta, it might usurp Norway’s dominance of the small club or demand changes to the terms of the agreement.

Norwegian Labour party (NLP) officials are due to travel to the UK Labour party conference in September for talks on future relations with the EU.



Jeremy Corbyn, the Labour leader, told his party at the weekend that it needs to accept the vote to leave the EU, but has suggested the possibility of Norway-style access to the single market.



Sources in the NLP said there was growing concern at the consequences for Norway if the UK joined Efta. A source joked that the country might lose its superpower status in Efta, were this to occur. The combined population of current Efta nations is 14 million, compared with the UK population of 65 million.

Trygve Slagsvold Vedum, the leader of Norway’s Centre party, has accused the government of dawdling in responding to the Brexit vote, saying it needs to be proactive in defending Norwegian interests.

Audun Lysbakken, the leader of Norway’s Socialist Left party, has argued that the EEA agreement should be renegotiated with the UK’s help, saying countries “outside need a better model for cooperation with the EU than the current EEA agreement”.

He said he was amazed that his government did not want to have an open debate about a new relationship with the EU. “Throughout the spring, the government has been adamant that the EEA is not a good model and it is not something they would recommend to the British. Now they suddenly want to leave it as it is,” Lysbakken said.



“The EEA has created a significant democratic deficit through importing laws over which Norway has little influence.”

Polls in Norway have suggested that voters are divided over whether Brexit will be good for the country or whether it will signal the beginning of the end for the EU. Nearly 70% oppose Norway seeking to join the EU.

• This article was amended on 11 August 2016. An earlier version said the UK’s population was 55 million. This has been corrected to say 65 million.

