Abstract

Objective Methamphetamine is a drug abused worldwide. Even though its abuse is a serious problem in many countries, there are few safe and effective therapies to treat addiction. In a previous study, music therapy attenuated relapse to morphine. Based on the study, we investigated whether music therapy suppresses the reinstatement of methamphetamine self-administration behavior.

Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to intravenously self-administer methamphetamine (0.1 mg/kg) using a fixed ratio 1 schedule in a daily 2 h session. Following 3 weeks of training, rats who had established a stable daily intake were subjected to extinction for 1 week. On the next day, priming injection was performed to induce reinstatement. Music therapy was played twice daily during the extinction period and immediately before the test session. In the second experiment, the selective GABA A and GABA B receptor antagonists were treated prior to the last music therapy to investigate a possible neuronal mechanism. Immunofluorescence was performed to immunohistochemically examine the behavioral effects.

Results The meditation music by Young-Dong Kim but not the control music by Jeff Beck reduced active lever responding during the reinstatement session. And the effects of music therapy were blocked by GABA receptors antagonists. Also, immunofluorescence showed the pattern of c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens paralleled the behavioral results.