Berlin, Germany (November, 2014) - Many large charismatic mammals went extinct at the end of the Ice Age (approx 11,000 years ago), including the Steppe bison, Bison priscus. A recent find in Eastern Siberia has uncovered one of these bison, literally, frozen in time.

The most complete frozen mummy of the Steppe bison yet known, dated to 9,300 years before present, was recently uncovered in the Yana-Indigirka Lowland and a necropsy was performed to learn about how this animal lived and died at the end of the Ice Age. The Yukagir bison mummy, as it is named, has a complete brain, heart, blood vessels and digestive system, although some organs have shrunk significantly over time. The necropsy of this unique mummy showed a relatively normal anatomy with no obvious cause of death. However, the lack of fat around abdomen of the animal makes researchers think that the animal may have died from starvation.

This project is being led by Dr. Natalia Serduk of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, Russia with contributions from a large group of scientists mainly from Yakutsk and Moscow, Russia. But one project scientist, Olga Potapova, is from the Mammoth Site of Hot Springs in South Dakota, USA, she tells us, "The Yukagir bison mummy became the third find out of four now known complete mummies of this species discovered in the world, and one out of two adult specimens that are being kept preserved with internal organs and stored in frozen conditions", making this find one of high importance.

Dr. Evgeny Maschenko, another project scientist, from the Paleontological Institute in Moscow (Russia), comments, "The exclusively good preservation of the Yukagir bison mummy allows direct anatomical comparisons with modern species of Bison and cattle, as well as with extinct species of bison that were gone at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary."

Frozen bison and mammoth mummies are changing the way we think about paleontology because of the large amount of information that can be ascertained from each specimen, with new scientific methods and approaches that became available within the last decade. Potapova adds, "The next steps to be done include further examination of the bison's gross anatomy, and other detailed studies on its histology, parasites, and bones and teeth. We expect that the results of these studies will reveal not only the cause of death of this particular specimen, but also might shed light on the species behavior and causes of its extinction."

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About the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology

Founded in 1940 by thirty-four paleontologists, the Society now has more than 2,300 members representing professionals, students, artists, preparators, and others interested in VP. It is organized exclusively for educational and scientific purposes, with the object of advancing the science of vertebrate paleontology.

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AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS:

NATALIA SERDUK

Paleontological Institute

Russian Academy of Sciences

Moscow

Russia

olgap@mammothsite.org

OLGA POTAPOVA

Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, SD, Inc.

Hot Springs, SD

United States of America

EVGENY MASCHENKO

Borissyak Paleontological Institute

Russian Academy of Sciences

Moscow

Russia

ALBERT PROTOPOPOV

Yakutian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk

Russia

INNOKENTY PAVLOV

Yakut State Museum of History and Culture of the North

Yakutsk

Russia

ANASTASIA KHARLAMOVA

Institute of Human Morphology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences

Moscow

Russia

KONSTANTIN KIRIKOV

Yakutian State Agricultural Academy

Yakutsk

Russia

GENNADY BOESKOROV

Diamond and Precious Metals Geology Institute

Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk

Russia

VALERY PLOTNIKOV

Yakutian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk

Russia

STANISLAV KOLESOV

Yakutian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk

Russia