The centrist Blue and White party, whose chairman, the former army chief Benny Gantz, is seeking to form a government and succeed Mr. Netanyahu as prime minister, said it would seek the Supreme Court’s intervention on Thursday to try to reconvene the Parliament.

Every day that goes by without Mr. Gantz’s party in charge of Parliament is a win for Mr. Netanyahu, because Mr. Gantz has a limited time to form a government and needs to apply legislative pressure on Mr. Netanyahu to have a chance of forging a coalition.

The Supreme Court weighed in later Thursday on a separate issue: the use of cellphone data to track citizens as part of the effort to fight the virus.

The court ruled that if Parliament has not established the relevant oversight committees by Tuesday, the authorities will be barred from continuing to use the security agency’s trove of cellphone metadata to find people who should be quarantined.

Mr. Netanyahu announced new restrictions on Thursday, ordering Israelis to stay in their homes except when buying groceries and medicine.

The convoy protesters said the police were doing all they could to frustrate them, first by ticketing motorists for driving too slowly, then by demanding to conduct roadside inspections, and then by closing the main highway into Jerusalem to all traffic.

Shahar Argaman, a reserve brigadier general who joined the convoy at the urging of a group of fellow veterans of the Israeli Special Forces, said that officers had accused them of interfering with traffic even though the convoy had been in a single right-hand lane and three other lanes were empty.