What to make of the stunning results of this experiment? Recall that the methodology of Artificial Intelligence research is to examine the consequences of certain assumptions. Here we examine what happens when two agents need to cooperate in order to exploit resources in the environment available for their survival. This sort of situation is very common, at the level of families, workplaces, and nations. The experiment does not imply that inequalities are inevitable or that those who were lucky, like R1, have a kind of birthright to their position. However it warns us that inequalities may develop even if the rules are completely fair and initial conditions unbiased. If one were to apply these results to human societies, it has the disturbing implication that even if every agent within a society attempts a fair distribution of labor and benefit, gross inequalities will nevertheless have a tendency to develop. The experiment does not say what could be done about it. Do we need an external controller that monitors the distribution of labor and occasionally sweeps in to re-arrange matters? Do the agents need a way to keep track of what work others are doing and be given the right to re-equilibrate if they judge the situation to be unfair? Should work be divided equally by a central authority who ensures that no one deviates? What happens when resources expand or diminish or when tasks need to become specialized? These questions have occupied social scientists for centuries and we are now finding new tools in A.I. for their examination.