Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Elizabeth Warren released a new plan on Friday to “level the playing field for entrepreneurs of color” by providing business grants to minorities in order to close the startup capital gap — the difference in capital available to white entrepreneurs versus entrepreneurs of color.

Warren argues that “every American should have a fair shot at starting a small business” but says the playing field is currently drastically uneven, with entrepreneurs of color starting businesses with far less money than their white counterparts. She writes that disparity severely affects minority-owned businesses’ ability to attract investors and apply for credit, as well as their bottom lines.

“Disparity in startup capital is the single biggest reason that promising Black-owned businesses on average are less profitable and bring on fewer employees than white-owned businesses,” she said.

In order to level the playing field for entrepreneurs, Warren has a plan to distribute $7 billion to minority businesspeople.

Every American should have a fair shot at starting a small business—but today, the playing field is tilted against Black and Brown entrepreneurs. My new plan would put an end to that. https://t.co/Vf9uKu12Yg — Elizabeth Warren (@ewarren) June 15, 2019

How the plan will work

Warren proposes distributing $7 billion in grants through a new “Small Business Equity Fund.” She stresses that the money will be in the form of grants, “not loans or loan guarantees,” in order to ensure entrepreneurs can focus on growing their businesses rather than on repaying debt.

The fund would be managed by Warren’s comprehensive new Department of Economic Development, which Vox’s Matthew Yglesias explained in a piece on Warren’s “economic patriotism”:

One specific bullet point on Warren’s policy agenda is to create a unified Department of Economic Development that would combine the functions of the Commerce Department with the Small Business Administration, the Patent and Trademark Office, various job training and R&D programs scattered around the bureaucracy, and the export and trade agencies including the Office of the US Trade Representative. The bureaucratic reorganization, however, is basically just to set the stage for a mission statement: “the new Department will have a single goal: creating and defending good American jobs.”

Although the Small Business Equity Fund would be overseen at the federal level, Warren sees state and local stakeholders as being key to distributing funds; she says her program will be modeled on the State Small Business Credit Initiative, a federal program that gave states a great degree of say in how they chose to distribute $1.5 billion. This freedom was given as officials felt local leaders have a better grasp of the needs of entrepreneurs in their states than federal officials would. Under Warren’s plan, local governments would be required to work with minority investment managers to decide how the funds would be spent.

The federal government would also create guidelines for who would be eligible for the grants: They would be limited to entrepreneurs who are eligible for the Small Business Administration’s existing 8(a) program. To be eligible for that program, a business must be at least 51 percent owned and controlled by a socially and economically disadvantaged individual who has less than $100,000 in household wealth. This figure encompasses a large percentage of minority families; according to the Federal Reserve, the median net worth of a black family is $17,600, while the median net worth of a Latinx family is $20,700.

Warren would also work at the federal level to increase the Minority Business Development Agency’s budget — she pledges to triple its funding in her presidential budget.

As with many of Warren’s other plans, the cost of this proposal would be entirely covered by her proposed wealth tax, a 2 percent tax on every dollar of wealth an American owns above $50 million, and a 3 percent tax on every dollar of wealth above $1 billion. According to the candidate, the $7 billion investment would help create 100,000 new minority-owned businesses and as a result provide 1.1 million jobs.

The startup capital gap, and why it matters

Warren’s proposal states that the startup capital gap is the single biggest reason minority-owned businesses are less profitable on average than white-owned businesses. And that capital gap is vast.

The typical black entrepreneur, the candidate notes, starts a business with one-third the startup capital of the typical white entrepreneur. Part of this is due to difficulties receiving loans; another part of it is that minority families often have less wealth to invest in a family member’s startup than white families do. As a Stanford Business School report found, “Latino business owners tend to depend on personal savings and seed funding from friends and family to start their businesses,” and are “much more likely [than white entrepreneurs] to use personal guarantees than business assets to secure financing.”

Having less money at the beginning of a business makes it more difficult to attract money later on, as it limits the amount an entrepreneur can invest in things like prototyping, real estate, inventory, and marketing, all things that, when done successfully, attract new investors and credit.

While the wealth threshold to quality for Warren’s program may seem relatively low, $100,000 is far more than most minority families have on hand, according to the senator, who cites research that found $100,000 is roughly five times the median net worth of Latinx and black families and more than 10 times the median net worth of Native American families.

Warren’s plan invokes the language of reparations, something she has vocally endorsed on the campaign trail, particularly when it suggests that the government has an obligation to address the racial wealth gap “because the government helped create that wealth gap with decades of sanctioned discrimination.” It is important to note, however, that this policy is for all minorities rather than just for black Americans.

How Warren’s plan compares to other candidates’ plans

Warren released her plan ahead of the Black Economic Alliance’s presidential forum in South Carolina, which she will be attending alongside a number of other Democratic presidential candidates, including Cory Booker, Beto O’Rourke, and Pete Buttigieg.

O’Rourke released his own small business plan on Saturday, focusing on women, communities of color, and small businesses more generally. His plan hopes to create 200,000 new small businesses to Warren’s 100,000, and pledges a $10 billion small business credit initiative for “economically distressed areas” to Warren’s $7 billion Small Business Equity Fund. Notably, O’Rourke’s plan doesn’t give funding directly to small-business owners in the form of grants. Instead, it funds a range of programs designed to increase loan accessibility and reduce discrimination. Like Warren, he has pledged to triple investment in the Minority Business Development Agency in order to provide resources and mentorship to minority small business owners.

Booker is attending several South Carolina events around this weekend’s forum, and is expected to use his stops to discuss the racial wealth gap and growing small businesses owned by African Americans, although he has not released a specific policy proposal.

Others Democrats have proposed more small-business-friendly policies. Both O’Rourke and Tulsi Gabbard have suggested cutting or offering deductions on small business taxes, but proposals such as these fail to account for the wealth gap that prevents entrepreneurs of color from opening a business in the first place.

This plan fits in well with Warren’s myriad other plans

Warren has the most plans of any 2020 candidate, but almost all of her plans have the same overarching purpose: erasing the wealth gap. Her overall platform is focused on what she calls “economic patriotism,” and this new plan fits right into that larger vision.

As Vox’s Ezra Klein explained:

Warren’s tagline is “I have a plan for that.” And on one level, it’s true: She has a lot of plans. But a clearer way of understanding her pitch is she’s got one plan that she applies over and over again. As Warren sees it, there’s been a massive hoarding of wealth — and thus of power and opportunity — in this country. She wants to tax the wealth and redistribute both the money and the opportunity. She wants to break up concentrations of economic power by putting workers on corporate boards and unleashing antitrust regulators on Amazon and Facebook and ending Washington’s revolving door. These are different policies, yes, but they all say the same thing: The wealthy have too much money and power, and Warren wants to change that.

Her newest proposal is grounded in these same themes: It disparages an “uneven playing field,” and she argues that it will “move us closer to an America where everyone has a fair shot to succeed.”

Economic issues remain a top concern for Democratic voters, and by adding her entrepreneurial investment plan to her portfolio of “economic patriotism” initiatives, Warren continues to suggest that addressing that concern is one of her top priorities.