DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 625, 31 August 2015

Feature Story (by Jesse Smith)

Playing with OpenELEC 5.0.8



This week I want to quickly talk about two projects which have caught my attention. The first is OpenELEC. The OpenELEC (Open Embedded Linux Entertainment Center) distribution is an operating system which turns a computer into a media centre. OpenELEC is available in several editions. There are 32-bit and 64-bit x86 builds and a build for people running older NVIDIA video cards. There is a build for WeTek Play Systems, a depreciated build for AppleTV systems, a Freescale build and a couple of builds for Raspberry Pi computers. I decided to continue my Raspberry Pi experiments and downloaded the OpenELEC build for Raspberry Pi 2 computers.



The disk image for the Raspberry Pi is a 96MB download, but once we uncompress the image it expands to 292MB in size. We write this 292MB file to a microSD card and plug it into the Pi to get started.



The first time we boot OpenELEC the distribution takes a few minutes to resize its file system to best utilize the space on our SD card. When the system finishes its initialization we are presented with a graphical configuration wizard which asks us to select our preferred language from a list. We are then asked which network we would like to connect to. I was using a wireless card in my Pi and the configuration wizard did not detect any available networks. The wizard concludes by asking if we would like to enable the OpenSSH or Samba services. The Samba service is ideal for sharing files with computers running Microsoft Windows while the OpenSSH service provides us with a way to remotely administer OpenELEC and transfer files securely.



With the initial configuration out of the way, OpenELEC presents us with an interface which somewhat resembles a desktop environment, but with the panel/menu stretching horizontally across the middle of the screen. Across the middle of the screen we see a menu with buttons for accessing pictures, video files, audio files, programs and system settings. At the bottom of the display we see a ticker that displays news relating to the OpenELEC project.





OpenELEC 5.0.8 -- Changing system settings

(full image size: 1.2MB, resolution: 1920x1080 pixels)



The first thing I did was venture into the system settings menu to explore my options. Clicking the button for system settings brings up a panel divided into several screens. From the settings panel we can enable services, change our network configuration, enable Bluetooth and change our keyboard's layout. We can also check for software updates. Through OpenELEC's settings panel I was able to find and connect to my local wireless network. Once on-line, I was able to remotely connect to my Pi and transfer media files to OpenELEC and retrieve screen shots from the Pi.



Exploring OpenELEC further, I found we can enable a screen saver, set up a weather application to tell us what it's like outside and change the way media and files are presented to us. OpenELEC has a very nice interface that I found easy to navigate. I especially like that, while OpenELEC will respond to both keyboard and mouse input, we never really need to attach a physical keyboard to the Pi. It is not often we need to input text and, in the rare cases when we do, an on-screen keyboard will appear and we can use the mouse to input text.



Chances are, what we will be using OpenELEC for is playing music and watching videos. The distribution makes this quite easy. Accessing the music or video options from the main menu brings up a screen where we can browse the contents of our media library and add new files/folders to the library. OpenELEC will, upon our request, pull in files from local directories or Samba shares. We can also connect to the distribution using OpenSSH and securely copy media files to the OpenELEC server. The distribution has a default set of folders for music, video files, pictures and screen shots. Dropping new files into these folders automatically makes them available to OpenELEC's media player.



I was initially concerned that OpenELEC would not leave enough room on an 8GB microSD card for media files. However, I was pleased to note the distribution only required about 200MB of space, leaving plenty of room on the SD card for multimedia. We can also attach an external hard drive to the Raspberry Pi (assuming the external drive has an alternative power supply) and OpenELEC will pull in media from the drive and from Samba shares on our network.





OpenELEC 5.0.8 -- Adding new media to the library

(full image size: 399kB, resolution: 1920x1080 pixels)



Given the Raspberry Pi's low hardware specifications I was curious to see if it could play full screen videos smoothly. I was pleased to find the Pi was up to the challenge. In fact, the Pi had no problem transferring files over the network and playing videos at the same time. I found multitasking in this fashion required about 20% of the Pi's CPU and the device barely generated any heat. When only playing videos the Pi used approximately 2% of its CPU for the task. While it operated under heavier loads the fan-less mini computer produced little heat and I could still comfortably place my hand directly on the Pi's CPU.



Using OpenELEC, I tried playing a number of audio and video files and these all played without any problems. The distribution will also display images, giving users the opportunity to show off their artwork or vacation photographs.





OpenELEC 5.0.8 -- Folder navigation settings

(full image size: 1.3MB, resolution: 1920x1080 pixels)



All in all, I was very happy with OpenELEC. The distribution does a great job of turning the Raspberry Pi into a media centre that "just works". The interface is easy to navigate, much easier than any of the other media centres I've tried in the past. The distribution makes setting up services, network access and adding media to our libraries beautifully simple. Yet the whole distribution is quite flexible, providing multiple ways to share files, provide user input and locate files on the system. I also like that we can use secure shell to connect to OpenELEC and the distribution provides us with a typical GNU/Linux operating system we can utilize from the command line.



Simply put, OpenELEC makes for a very good appliance-style operating system. It turns the host computer into an easy to use multimedia centre, the interface is easy to navigate and yet the distribution remains fairly flexible in both its appearance and function. If you're looking for an inexpensive media centre that is easier than the typical Linux distribution set up, then OpenELEC is definitely an option I would recommend trying. * * * * * RaspEX 15.04



Let's move on now to another distribution, one I was asked to review last month. RaspEX is a Debian- and Ubuntu-based distribution for the Raspberry Pi. RaspEX appears to be similar, in its design and technology, to Raspbian (another Debian-based distribution for the Pi), but with a strong focus on desktop computing.



I downloaded the Ubuntu flavour of RaspEX which is presented as a zip file. The zip file is 532MB in size, but when expanded, the disk image becomes about 3GB in size. Once the RaspEX image has been copied to a microSD card and we boot the Raspberry Pi we are brought to a graphical login screen. The login screen has a soft blue background that carries Debian branding. We can login to the operating system using the username "root" with the password "root".



Signing in brings us to the LXDE desktop. Near the top of the screen is an icon for launching a file manager. Oddly enough, I did not see any other controls on the desktop such as a panel or application menu button. At first I thought my desktop might have a larger resolution than my screen (that desktop elements were hiding beyond the edge of the display), but I soon found my mouse pointer stayed within the boundaries of the display. I also found pressing key combinations which might usually bring up an application menu produced no result.



With a little experimenting I found I could right-click on the LXDE desktop, bring up some LXDE screen settings and enable an application menu which would appear when I right-clicked on the desktop. The application menu contained just three entries: xterm, Firefox and a file manager. Selecting Firefox caused an error to be displayed saying Firefox was not a recognized file. The file manager and xterm launchers did work, granting me access to the file system and a command line.



The next hurdle I ran into was trying to get a network connection working. I launched Network Manager's front-end from the command line and attempted to set up a network connection, but Network Manager failed to form a connection with my local wireless network.



Faced with just command line tools, a hobbled desktop and only an xterm session (with surprisingly small font), I decided I'd gone as far as RaspEX was going to take me and concluded my trial.



For those who are able to get RaspEX working smoothly on their systems, they will find the distribution ships with the APT command line package management utilities. RaspEX pulls software from Ubuntu's "ports" repository, version 15.04. This gives users a large collection of up to date software.



RaspEX bills itself as "Raspbian on steroids" and perhaps, for some people, it is the bee's knees. However, in my case, RaspEX did not provide the same range of functionality as its more popular, Debian-based cousin and I was not able to make practical use of the distribution on my Raspberry Pi.





Miscellaneous News (by Jesse Smith)

Fedora unveils new Wayland features, Tails releases emergency security update, Solus launches fundraiser and KDE releases Plasma 5.4



Wayland is an alternative display technology which is intended to, eventually, replace the aging X display server software that is currently used by most Linux distributions. The Fedora project has been among the first distributions to adopt Wayland and has been working on getting GNOME Shell to work with the new display server. Fedora Magazine has an article which touches on what Wayland can already do on Fedora and what new features are coming in Fedora 23 later this year. " One of the newest features outlined by Christian [Schaller] that is in Fedora 23 is the ability to properly use two or more monitors with vastly different DPIs. This means that if you have a high DPI monitor and a standard DPI monitor the window and text sizes will no longer be tiny (or large) on one monitor and not the other. When dragging windows between the monitors the window will automatically scale to work with the DPI of the screen they are on. " More information is available in the Fedora Magazine article. * * * * * The Tails project, whose distribution strives to protect people's privacy on-line, has announced an important security update to the Tails distribution. The unscheduled update addresses several security issues and it is recommended for users of Tails to upgrade to the new 1.5.1 release. An announcement on the Tails website states, " Tails, The Amnesic Incognito Live System, version 1.5.1, is out. This is an emergency release, triggered by an unscheduled Firefox release meant to fix critical security issues. It fixes numerous security issues and all users must upgrade as soon as possible. " The new Tails 1.5.1 release can be found on the project's download page. * * * * * Last week we mentioned the Solus project was polling its community on ways to raise funds for the distribution. The Solus project is expanding and requires more server space and bandwidth, more than their current income will support. After some brainstorming, the project has started a fundraiser drive to try to put together enough money to purchase equipment for the distribution. " As the costs rise, and we need to support them for the first few months at least, we're reaching out to you, our userbase, to help us get through the first few months with the hosting, hardware, until books begin to balance and we start becoming more self sufficient. " The project's fundraiser page breaks down what supplies and infrastructure are needed. These sorts of fund-raising attempts are key to the survival of many open source projects, but are also interesting to watch as they are one of the closest parallels open source has to surveying market demand for the product being offered. * * * * * The KDE project revealed an important update last week for the Plasma desktop. The new release, Plasma 5.4, offers a number of important features. " This release of Plasma brings many nice touches for our users such as much improved high DPI support, KRunner auto-completion and many new beautiful Breeze icons. It also lays the ground for the future with a tech preview of Wayland session available. We're shipping a few new components such as an Audio Volume Plasma Widget, monitor calibration tool and the User Manager tool comes out of beta. " There was more good news for people who are eagerly anticipating seeing more widespread use of the Wayland display server technology. " With Plasma 5.4 the first technology preview of a Wayland session is released. On systems with free graphics drivers it is possible to run Plasma using KWin, Plasma's Wayland compositor and X11 window manager, through kernel mode settings. " More information and screen shots can be found in the release announcement.





Questions and Answers (by Jesse Smith)

The LILO boot loader



Seeking-LILO asks: From your research, can you tell me of a distribution that uses LILO?



DistroWatch answers: For those who are not familiar with the technology, LILO is a boot loader, an important piece of software which helps start an operating system. While LILO was once quite popular, most distributions have since switched to using GRUB.



There are still some distributions which ship with LILO as the default boot loader, or at least as an install-time option. I know Slackware derivatives usually support LILO as an option. So my first recommendation would be to explore recent releases of Slackware and VectorLinux. A few other distributions support LILO as an install-time option. I think both Mageia and PCLinuxOS, for example, will support using either GRUB or LILO during the initial configuration. There is a list of distributions which included the LILO package in their latest release, whether it is actively used or not, here.



Something to keep in mind if you are interested in either the original LILO or its cousin, ELILO (a boot loader with support for EFI), is that these projects are nearing their end of life. The ELILO website states, " This project is orphaned, Debian dropped it in 2014, and RH & SUSE stopped using this tree (and feeding back changes) long before that so [I am] no longer interested in working on it. Feel free to start your own; source tarball is available. " A similar note on the LILO website says the project will not be developed after the end of 2015. " I plan to finish development of LILO at 12/2015 because of some limitations (e.g. with Btrfs, GPT, RAID). If someone wants to develop this nice software further, please let me know. "



While halted development does not prevent existing software from working, it does mean fewer distributions are likely to support LILO in the future and potential users of the software should plan accordingly.





Torrent Corner

Weekly Torrents



Bittorrent is a great way to transfer large files, particularly open source operating system images, from one place to another. Most bittorrent clients recover from dropped connections automatically, check the integrity of files and can re-download corrupted bits of data without starting a download over from scratch. These characteristics make bittorrent well suited for distributing open source operating systems, particularly to regions where Internet connections are slow or unstable.



Many Linux and BSD projects offer bittorrent as a download option, partly for the reasons listed above and partly because bittorrent's peer-to-peer nature takes some of the strain off the project's servers. However, some projects do not offer bittorrent as a download option. There can be several reasons for excluding bittorrent as an option. Some projects do not have enough time or volunteers, some may be restricted by their web host provider's terms of service. Whatever the reason, the lack of a bittorrent option puts more strain on a distribution's bandwidth and may prevent some people from downloading their preferred open source operating system.



With this in mind, DistroWatch plans to give back to the open source community by hosting and seeding bittorrent files. For now, we are hosting a small number of distribution torrents, listed below. The list of torrents offered will be updated each week and we invite readers to e-mail us with suggestions as to which distributions we should be hosting. When you message us, please place the word "Torrent" in the subject line, make sure to include a link to the ISO file you want us to seed. To help us maintain and grow this free service, please consider making a donation.



The table below provides a list of torrents we currently host. If you do not currently have a bittorrent client capable of handling the linked files, we suggest installing either the Transmission or KTorrent bittorrent clients.



Operating System Torrent MD5 checksum Scientific Linux SL-6.7-x86_64-DVD/SL-6.7-x86_64-DVD.iso 6ef9243febd54edcc9f505d36ecce734 Tails tails-i386-1.5.1/tails-i386-1.5.1.iso.sig 1364d6d86d529cd5aba89fbdf82b7f56



Archives of our previously seeded torrents may be found here. All torrents we make available here are also listed on the very useful Linux Tracker website. Thanks to Linux Tracker we are able to share the following torrent statistics.



Torrent Corner statistics:

Total torrents seeded: 104

Total downloads completed: 49,516

Total data uploaded: 11.8TB

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Opinion Poll

File systems



File systems are very important. A stable and reliable file system is necessary for anyone who values their data or who is invested in the integrity of their programs and files. Of course reliability is just one characteristic of a useful file system. Speed is another nice feature to have, as are portability and ease of recovery if the operating system shuts down suddenly.



This week we would like to know to which file system do you entrust your data? Do you stick to the common standards like ext4 and UFS? Do you use something a bit less common such as JFS or Reiser? Perhaps you prefer to work with more advanced file systems like Btrfs or ZFS? Please let us know what your preferred file system is and why in the comments below.



You can see the results of last week's poll on why people switch to Linux/BSD here. File systems



Btrfs: 185 (7%) ext2/3/4: 1963 (70%) JFS: 51 (2%) Reiserfs: 52 (2%) UFS: 28 (1%) XFS: 186 (7%) ZFS: 163 (6%) LVM + one of the above: 156 (6%) Other: 27 (1%)

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