The Pew Research Center’s new study on American Catholics reads like an anti-credo. On issue after issue, Pew’s pollsters found that majorities of people who identify as religious, rather than cultural, Catholics dissent from church teaching. So why do they stay in a church that they think is erring? A lot of them assume that the church will inevitably come to their way of thinking.

Breaking down Pew’s numbers by regularity of Mass attendance shows that dissent is more common among people who go to church less often. Weekly Mass attendance is a natural place to divide Catholics by practice — skipping weekly Mass is a mortal sin, so Catholics who don’t attend as often are likely to view the church differently than those who show up every Sunday.

SHARE FAVORING CHANGE, BY MASS ATTENDANCE CHANGE LESS THAN WEEKLY WEEKLY OR MORE Married priests 71% 48% Women priests 68 45 Birth control 83 65 Gay marriage 52 37 Communion after remarriage 70 50 Communion while cohabiting 71 46

Unsurprisingly, dissent is a lot more common among Catholics who are operating at a distance from the church, but substantial shares of weekly Mass-goers share those opinions. Although dissenters are often tarred as “Cafeteria Catholics” who pick and choose from among the church’s teachings, without much thought for the whole, the dissenting Catholics that Pew surveyed seemed fairly confident that the changes they support will wind up being viewed as orthodox and applicable to everyone.

On every controversy that Pew included in its survey, at least half of dissenting Catholics expected that their desired change would probably or definitely come to pass by 2050. Catholics who hoped that current teachings would remain unchanged were similarly confident that the church of the future would be the one they wanted. On all issues, fewer than 40 percent of Catholics holding to current orthodoxy thought a change was likely.

SHARE WHO THINK CHANGE IS PROBABLY/DEFINITELY LIKELY, BY STANCE CHANGE FAVORS CHANGE OPPOSES CHANGE Married priests 58% 23% Women priests 55 19 Birth control 67 34 Gay marriage 51 22 Communion after remarriage 66 34 Communion while cohabiting 67 37

Dissenters who attend Mass regularly turn out to be more optimistic than dissenters with irregular attendance that the church will wind up making the changes they want. Catholics who go to Mass regularly and want change were about 4 percentage points more likely, on average, to say their desired change would definitely happen, compared with Catholics with more irregular attendance records.

Faith that the changes they want are likely, or even definitely, going to happen may be part of what keeps these parishioners within the church. If they expect that their dissents will eventually be adopted by the Vatican, they may as well stick around while they wait for the change.

With both sides optimistic that they’ll prevail, someone is bound to wind up disappointed. But in the meantime, Catholics trust the church of the future, while sometimes ignoring the one that exists in the here and now.

CORRECTION (Sept. 5, 1:17 p.m.): Two previous versions of the second table in this article incorrectly listed the share of Catholics who agreed with current church teachings but expected them to change. The table and the text describing it have been corrected.