(CNN) Two days after a failed military coup, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan vowed a continued crackdown on those behind it -- and those perceived to have been involved -- as large crowds heeded his call to fill the nation's streets.

Thousands of soldiers have been arrested and hundreds of judiciary members removed since Friday's uprising, which left at least 290 people dead and more than 1,400 injured in a chaotic night of violence.

Around 6,000 people have been detained and arrests will continue, according to Turkey's foreign ministry.

Prime Minister Binali Yildirim has vowed that " they will pay a heavy price ." Erdogan said that he will remove the "viruses" from all state institutions.

The arrests include Gen. Bekir Ercan Van, commander of the Incirlik Air Base, according to the Turkish President's office. The United States uses the airbase to launch airstrikes on ISIS in Syria and Iraq.

An "order of detention" for Col. Ali Yazici, a senior military aide to Erdogan, has also been issued, according to Anadolu.

Eight Turkish soldiers flew a helicopter to Alexandroupoli, Greece, hours after the failed coup attempt, where they were arrested and charged with "illegal entrance" into Greece. Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras said they would be extradited within "15 to 20 days," Erdogan said Sunday in a speech outside his Istanbul residence.

Clashes occurred Sunday between security forces and coup plotters resisting arrest nearly 200 miles south of Ankara at Konya Airbase, a source told CNN. The government is now in control of the situation, the source said.

Soldiers in the coup attempt surrender Saturday on Istanbul's Bosphorus Bridge.

Erdogan attended a funeral on Sunday held for some of those killed during gunfire -- including the brother of his chief adviser, Mustafa Varank.

"It is not anything ordinary that my young brothers lay under tank pellets; this is a manifest of faith," Erdogan said.

He also said he did not rule out bringing back the death penalty for the coup's perpetrators.

As the crowd chanted "we want the death penalty," he said, "we can't ignore the people's request in a democracy -- this is your right."

"This right has to be evaluated by the appropriate authorities according to the constitution and a decision can be made," Erdogan said in the address broadcast live on TV.

He asked supporters to stay on guard.

"You should fill the squares. This isn't a 12-hour operation. We will continue determinedly."

View from the streets

People wave flags in Istanbul's Taksim Square on Saturday in support of the President.

In a rare show of unity, Turkey's political parties united to denounce Friday's coup attempt, but it's uncertain how long that solidarity will last.

Erdogan remains a divisive figure in Turkey. "He's loved and worshiped by a good half of the country," CNN's Gul Tuysuz says. "The other half detests him passionately."

Indeed there was concern among some opposition figures that the President's triumphant call to action would only embolden his tightening grip on Turkey.

"My august nation gave the best answer to the coup plotters," he said Sunday and told his followers to keep up the pressure.

Turkey's attempted coup: By the numbers • At least 161 civilians killed • 1,140 people wounded • 6,000 people arrested • 2,839 military officers detained • Nearly 200 top Turkish court officials in custody, including: • 140 members of the Supreme Court, 48 members of the Council of State • 11 years: Erdogan's reign as Prime Minister • 2014: Year that Erdogan ran for President -- and won

The coup attempt comes as a shock to a country more familiar with tackling outside threats such as ISIS and the separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party, or PKK.

For now, Erdogan has urged pro-government protesters to continue rallying, saying: "That's what ruined their plot.

But even as government leaders declare it's business as usual in Turkey , many people are grappling with the fallout from Friday's bloody uprising.

"Many people are confused by the President's reaction to this uprising -- by his calls to have his followers continuously go out into the streets and create what can only be described as something of a festive atmosphere," said CNN's Arwa Damon in Istanbul.

"At the end of the day, this is a country that is also trying to come to terms with the fact that around 200 of its citizens were just killed."

European Council President Donald Tusk took to Twitter saying the European Union will be watching closely. Turkey is not an EU member, but it's a crucial partner in managing the refugee crisis.

How Turkey comes out of this crisis and deals with consequences crucial for Turkey, wider region and EU-Turkey cooperation — Donald Tusk (@eucopresident) July 16, 2016

Erdogan blames Gulen

In addition to those detained, Erdogan is demanding the United States arrest or extradite Islamic cleric Fethullah Gulen, whom he blamed for the attempt to overthrow the government.

"Twenty years ago, I clearly stated my support for democracy and I said that there is no return from democracy in Turkey," Gulen said Saturday. "My position on democracy is really clear. Any attempts to overthrow the country is a betrayal to our unity and is treason."

Gulen , who is living in self-imposed exile in Pennsylvania, denied he had anything to do with it.

"It could be anything," Gulen told journalists. "I have been away from Turkey for 16 years."

U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said the United States hadn't yet received a formal request from Turkey for Gulen's extradition.

"We think it's irresponsible to have an accusation of American involvement when we're simply waiting for their request -- which we're absolutely prepared to act on if it meets the legal standard," Kerry said.

Tensions with the United States

People flood Taksim Square following the President's call to occupy the streets.

In a country once promoted to the wider Muslim world as a model of democratic governance and economic prosperity, the attempted coup was a shocking shift. The nation plays a crucial role in the fight against terrorism in the Middle East.

The ramifications of the coup attempt on the NATO ally and U.S. partner in the fight against ISIS remain unclear.

Turkey has reopened the airspace around Incirlik Air Base, where it allows the American military to launch operations in the air campaign against terrorists in Syria and Iraq.

The airbase was closed after the attempted coup and its commander detained for his alleged involvement in the uprising.

The base is home to the Turkish air force and the U.S. Air Force's 39th Air Base Wing, which includes about 1,500 American personnel, according to the base website.

The attempted coup

Military tanks rolled onto the streets of Ankara and Istanbul the night before and soldiers blocked the famous Bosphorus Bridge.

Erdogan supporters capture a Turkish army vehicle after soldiers surrendered Saturday.

The military's claim of a takeover was read on state broadcaster TRT. The military said it wanted to maintain democratic order and that the government had "lost all legitimacy."

But the coup attempt lost momentum after Erdogan returned from vacation at the seaside resort of Marmaris. In an interview via FaceTime on CNN Turk, he appealed to supporters to quash the attempted coup, and they took to the streets in masses.

By the time he re-emerged after hours of silence, dozens had died.

Most of those who died were police officers killed in a gunbattle with a helicopter near the Parliament complex in Ankara, reported NTV, a Turkish television station. An additional 1,400 people were wounded.

Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan addresses a crowd gathered at his palace for Iftar -- the meal eaten after sunset during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan -- in Ankara, Turkey, on Monday, June 27. Hide Caption 1 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan President Recep Tayyip Erdogan speaks on CNN Turk via a FaceTime call in Istanbul on Friday, July 15, after members of the country's military attempted to overthrow the government. Hide Caption 2 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Erdogan, his wife Emine, his grandchildren and Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Mayor Kadir Topbas, left, greet the crowd at a presidential election rally in Istanbul on August 3, 2014. Hide Caption 3 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan U.S. President Barack Obama shakes hands with Erdogan during a meeting in the Oval Office at the White House in Washington on December 7, 2009. Hide Caption 4 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Erdogan oversees the rescue efforts in the eastern province of Bingol on May 1, 2003, following a 6.4 magnitude earthquake that rocked the Turkish region. Hide Caption 5 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Russian President Vladimir Putin, left, and Erdogan wear helmets in Durusu village near Turkey's northern city of Samsun, on November 17, 2005, during the inauguration ceremony for the major trans-Black Sea gas pipeline Blue Stream. The pipeline runs from Russia to Turkey. Hide Caption 6 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Erdogan addresses the media after a meeting with his deputies at his ruling Justice and Development Party (AK Party) headquarters in Ankara, Turkey, on May 1, 2007. Erdogan unveiled a reform package, including having future presidents elected by popular vote instead of by parliament. Hide Caption 7 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Britain's Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by Erdogan and his wife Emine Erdogan, gives a David Beckham signed soccer ball to a Turkish boy during at a garden party held for her birthday at the British Embassy in Ankara, Turkey, on May 16, 2008. It was the Queen's first visit to Turkey in 37 years. Hide Caption 8 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Erdogan attends a swearing in ceremony in Ankara, Turkey, on August 28, 2014. Erdogan was sworn in as Turkey's 12th president at a ceremony in parliament, cementing his position as the country's most powerful modern leader. Hide Caption 9 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Erdogan leaves a polling booth after casting his vote in Turkey's 26th general election at a polling station in Istanbul on November 1, 2015. Hide Caption 10 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Romanian President Klaus Werner Iohannis, right, and Erdogan walk together during an official welcoming ceremony at the presidential complex in Ankara, Turkey, on Wednesday, March 23. Hide Caption 11 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Erdogan delivers a speech during his visit to the Turkish War Colleges Command in Istanbul on Monday, March 28. Hide Caption 12 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Erdogan, right, kicks a soccer ball while Former Turkish President Abdullah Gul watches at Besiktas soccer club's new Vodafone Arena on its opening day in Istanbul on Sunday, April 10. Hide Caption 13 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Erdogan, right, shakes hands with King Salman of Saudi Arabia after the Saudi monarch received Turkey's highest state medal during a ceremony at the presidential complex in Ankara, Turkey, on Tuesday, April 12. Hide Caption 14 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Erdogan, center, chairs the meeting of the 65th Cabinet of Turkey at the presidential complex in Ankara, Turkey, on Wednesday, May 25. Hide Caption 15 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Erdogan, seventh from the left, attends the Kinaliada Corvette Ceremony at Pendik Naval Shipyard in Istanbul on Saturday, June 18. Hide Caption 16 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Erdogan, right, attends an Iftar dinner during his visit to the Tank Battalion campus in the Cizre district of Sirnak, Turkey, on Saturday, June 25. Hide Caption 17 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan From left, U.S. President Barack Obama, France's President Francois Hollande, Erdogan and German Chancellor Angela Merkel take their positions for a photo ahead of a working dinner at the presidential palace during the NATO Summit in Warsaw, Poland, on Friday, July 8. Hide Caption 18 of 19 Photos: Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and former Turkish president Abdullah Gul pray during the funeral of a victim of the coup attempt in Istanbul on July 17. In an interview with CNN's Beckey Anderson Erdogan said, "The people now have the idea, after so many terrorist incidents that these terrorists should be killed, that's where they are, they don't see any other outcome to it. I mean, life sentence, or aggravated life sentence... why should I keep them and feed them in prisons, for years to come, that's what the people say. So, they want a swift end to it, because people lost relatives, lost neighbours, lost children, 8-year-olds, 15-year-olds, 20-year-old young people, unfortunately have all been killed during these incidents. Of course they have parents, mothers and fathers, that are morning, they're suffering so the people are very sensitive and we have to act very sensibly and sensitively." Hide Caption 19 of 19

Erdogan was elected Prime Minister in 2003. Under his rule, Turkey became a powerhouse in the Middle East. His reign came to an end in 2014, and his own party's rules prevented him from seeking a fourth term.

But in a bid to maintain an important position in Turkish politics, he ran for President in 2014 -- and won.

The post was largely ceremonial before Erdogan's presidency.

He has tried to change that by altering the constitution to give him more power.

Erdogan remains arguably the most powerful figure in Turkish politics, regardless of title.