Fatal A400M crash linked to data-wipe mistake By Leo Kelion

Technology desk editor Published duration 10 June 2015

image copyright AP image caption Three of four propeller engines malfunctioned, causing an A400M aircraft to crash in May

A military plane crash in Spain was probably caused by computer files being accidentally wiped from three of its engines, according to investigators.

Plane-maker Airbus discovered anomalies in the A400M's data logs after the crash, suggesting a software fault.

And it has now emerged that Spanish investigators suspect files needed to interpret its engine readings had been deleted by mistake.

This would have caused the affected propellers to spin too slowly.

The aeroplane crashed near Seville, during a test flight on 9 May, killing four crew members on board.

Several countries that had already accepted deliveries of the plane - including the UK - grounded them following the accident.

However, Airbus has announced it plans to fly one of its own A400M aircraft at the Paris Air Show next week.

image copyright AP image caption Two pilots and two test engineers were killed in the crash last month

"We have complete confidence in the A400M, and we are delighted to fly our demo as planned," said Airbus executive Fernando Alonso in a statement.

Stuck in idle

It said the focus of the inquiry was a theory that files known as "torque calibration parameters" had been accidentally deleted during a software installation process ahead of the plane's first flight.

A source later confirmed this to the BBC.

The control systems of the A400M aircraft are heavily automated.

Each engine is run by a separate computer called an Electronic Control Unit.

The ECUs take the pilot's inputs and make the engines they control respond in the optimum way.

The parameter files are used by the ECUs to interpret sensor readings about the turning force generated by each engine - the torque - which is used to make the attached propellers spin.

Without the files, the ECUs cannot make sense of this data.

This would explain why three of the plane's four engines did not respond properly to the crew's attempts to adjust their power settings shortly after take-off.

Airbus has already confirmed that its pilots had tried switching the malfunctioning engines into "flight idle" mode - their lowest power setting - in an attempt to tackle the problem.

image copyright Getty Images image caption The pilots were unable to bring three of the engines back out of "idle mode"

Without the parameter files, the engines would have been left stuck in this mode.

This is because the planes were deliberately designed to prevent out-of-control engines powering back up, to avoid them causing other problems.

It was not foreseen that three propellers would be affected simultaneously, making it impossible to keep the plane airborne.

"We are working closely with the official investigation, and we will act in accordance with the information that is discovered but are not able to discuss the findings," a spokesman for Airbus told the BBC.

Spain's Ministry of Defence, which is leading the investigation, has said it is not permitted to discuss the matter.

Grounded planes

A400M planes were created to give Europe's Nato partners independent access to heavy aircraft to transport troops and large weaponry.

The UK, France, Malaysia, Turkey and Germany have already taken deliveries of the plane.

image copyright Getty Images image caption Airbus is still trying to attract further orders of the A400M

The accident involved a model built for the Turkish Air Force.

While the investigation continues, Spain has prohibited Airbus from flying other new A400M planes, meaning it cannot carry out the test flights required for dozens of uncompleted orders.

The longer the inquiry continues, the greater the financial consequences will be, as Airbus will not be paid until those deliveries occur.

Airbus was already under pressure because the A400M project is years behind schedule and hugely over budget.

The company can, however, continue to fly its own existing "development" A400M aircraft.