Widening the Offerings

AMD doesn’t fail to impress with their 2nd Generation Threadrippers

Today, we are talking about something that would have seen impossible just a few shorts years ago— a 32-core processor for consumers. While I realize that talking about the history of computer hardware can be considered superfluous in a processor review, I think it's important to understand the context here of why this is just a momentous shift for the industry.

May 2016 marked the launch of what was then the highest core count consumer processor ever seen, the Intel Core i7-6950X. At 10 cores and 20 threads, the 6950X was easily the highest performing consumer CPU in multi-threaded tasks but came at a staggering $1700 price tag. In what we will likely be able to look back on as the peak of Intel's sole dominance of the x86 CPU space, it was an impossible product to recommend to almost any consumer.

Just over a year later saw the launch of Skylake-X with the Intel Core i9-7900X. Retaining the same core count as the 6950X, the 7900X would have been relatively unremarkable on its own. However, a $700 price drop and the future of upcoming 12, 14, 16, and 18-core processors on this new X299 platform showed an aggressive new course for Intel's high-end desktop (HEDT) platform.

This aggressiveness was brought on by the success of AMD's Ryzen platform, and the then upcoming Threadripper platform. Promising up to 16 cores/32 threads, and 64 lanes of PCI Express connectivity, it was clear that Intel would for the first time have a competitor on their hands in the HEDT space that they created back with the Core i7-920.

Fast forward another year, and we have the release of the 2nd Generation Threadripper. Promising to bring the same advancements we saw with the Ryzen 7 2700X, AMD is pushing Threadripper to even more competitive states with higher performance and lower cost.

Will Threadripper finally topple Intel from their high-end desktop throne?

Threadripper 2990WX Core i9-7980XE Threadripper 2950X Core i9-7900X Core i7-8700K Ryzen 7 2700X Architecture Zen+ Skylake-X Zen+ Skylake-X Coffee Lake Zen+ Process Tech 12nm 14nm+ 12nm 14nm+ 14nm++ 12nm Cores/Threads 32/64 18/36 16/32 10/20 6/12 8/16 Base Clock 3.0 GHz 2.6 GHz 3.5 GHz 3.3 GHz 3.7 GHz 3.7 GHz Boost Clock 4.2 GHz 4.2 GHz 4.4 GHz 4.3 GHz 4.7 GHz 4.3 GHz L3 Cache 64MB 24.75MB 32MB 11MB 12MB 20MB Memory Support DDR4-2933 (Quad-Channel) DDR4-2666 (Quad-Channel) DDR4-2933 (Quad-Channel) DDR4-2666 (Quad-Channel) DDR4-2666 (Dual-Channel) DDR4-2933 (Dual-Channel) PCIe Lanes 64 44 64 44 16 16 TDP 250 watts 165 watts 180 watts 140 watts 95 watts 105 watts Socket TR4 LGA-2066 TR4 LGA-2066 LGA1151 AM4 Price (MSRP) $1799 $1999 $899 $1000 $349 $329

One thing that is clear from the specifications above is how stale Intel's HEDT lineup now seems compared to Threadripper. While Skylake-X and the original Threadripper were announced at the same event, Computex 2017, and the i9-7900X launched before Threadripper, we have yet to hear any information out of Intel about a refresh.

Even more so, Intel's current top-of-the-line HEDT offering remains based on the Skylake microarchitecture. While Kaby Lake and Coffee Lake didn't provide IPC improvements, these high core count processors are still missing any frequency advancements made in subsequent generations and (slight) process node improvements.

On an architectural level, the 2nd Generation Threadripper processors are using the same Zen+ core that we first saw launched with the Ryzen 7 2700X. As a refresher, Zen+ is mostly a process node shrink, from 14nm to 12nm, but also provides some improvements to cache latency, support memory frequencies (DDR4-2933 in this case), and IPC. For more details, you can check out our review of the Ryzen 7 2700X and Ryzen 5 2600X from earlier this year.

While 2nd generation Threadripper doesn't introduce any more new architectural elements to the Zen family, it does have some stark changes compared to the original Threadripper in the form of segmentation between the Threadripper X and WX series.

The Threadripper X-series, consisting of the 2920X 12-core and 2950X 16-core processors are being targeted by AMD to more of a gamer/enthusiast audience, just like the previous Threadripper.

Constructed identically to the original Threadripper processors launched last year, the X-series consists of two Zen+ dies, each featuring 2 Core Complex (CCX) units. These two dies, each containing a dual-channel memory controller and 32 lanes of PCI Express, are connected through Infinity Fabric.

While this Infinity Fabric link does provide some detriments in the form of latency, these ramifications are well known at this point, as we discussed in our Threadripper 1950X review. This flexible configuration also allows the user to choose between a Unified (UMA) or Non-Unified Memory Access (NUMA) arrangement.

However, the real changes with 2nd generation Threadripper come with the introduction of the WX-series

Geared towards workstation and professional users, the WX-series Threadripper is a hybrid between the Threadripper and AMD's server CPU offering, EPYC.

To hit core counts of 24 and 32, AMD needed to move to a 4-die configuration for the WX-series processors. However, this presents some interesting challenges. If AMD decided to move to a full EPYC configuration with a total of 8 channel memory controller, and 128 lanes of PCI Express, then compatibility among different Threadripper CPUs would be shaky at best on the motherboard level.

Instead, AMD is simply connecting the additional two Zen+ dies through Infinity Fabric, and ignoring their memory controller and PCI Express capabilities. These new dies depend on the rest of the processor for both memory and PCI Express access.

Due to this, the WX-series Threadripper processors must remain in a NUMA configuration, and present themselves as four individual NUMA nodes to an operating system, akin to a quad-CPU system. Additionally, the Infinity Fabric link between each of these dies is effectively running at half the speed of the 2-die arrangement found with the X-series processors.

While the highly expandable of the Zen architecture afford AMD the ability to create the first consumer 32-core processor at a relatively affordable price, there are some notable potential drawbacks to this approach, namely memory latency.