Cultural Similarity in Europe

according to the Index on Cultural Similarity The Index on Cultural Similarity shows how culutrally similar the populations of two compared countries are. The value of the index has a range from 1 for maximum similarity to 0 for maximum dissimilarity.

The index is based on questions about values, which have been constructed according to the value dimensions suggested by Shalom Schwartz and implemented in the European Social Survey (ESS). For the construction of the index see here. Index values are represented in two versions: Ordered according to cultural similarity (see below)

Alphabetic order of country names Ordering according to cultural similarity



Country 1 Country 2 Index

value Round of ESS

used UK Ireland 0,914 2. Luxembourg Spain 0,906 2. Germany Luxembourg 0,882 2. Italy Turkey 0,873 2. Belgium Luxembourg 0,870 2. Finland Luxembourg 0,868 2. Ireland Spain 0,866 2. Belgium Spain 0,863 2. UK Spain 0,862 2. Latvia Russia 0,859 4. Germany Switzerland 0,850 2. Germany Austria 0,846 2. Belgium Switzerland 0,841 2. Greek Cyprus 0,838 4. Netherlands Sweden 0,831 2. UK Luxembourg 0,830 2. Belgium Austria 0,829 2. Germany Spain 0,822 2. Luxembourg Austria 0,819 2. Belgium Germany 0,813 2. UK Israel 0,810 1. Belgium France 0,809 2. Belgium UK 0,807 2. Greek Italy 0,807 2. Ireland Cyprus 0,805 3. Israel Portugal 0,803 1. Greek Turkey 0,802 2. France Luxembourg 0,802 2. Poland Slovakia 0,802 2. Portugal Spain 0,801 2. Ireland Luxembourg 0,801 2. Russia Ukraine 0,801 3. Austria Spain 0,797 2. Ireland Israel 0,796 1. UK Austria 0,795 2. Luxembourg Netherlands 0,795 2. Austria Switzerland 0,793 2. Slovenia Spain 0,791 2. Russia Slovakia 0,790 3. Ireland Slovakia 0,790 2. Slovakia Czech Republik 0,790 2. Luxembourg Switzerland 0,789 2. Greek Russia 0,788 4. Russia Czech Republik 0,787 4. Greek Ireland 0,786 2. Portugal Slovenia 0,780 2. Spain Czech Republik 0,778 2. Germany Croatia 0,777 4. Croatia Portugal 0,776 4. Finland Netherlands 0,775 2. Croatia Russia 0,775 4. Romania Ukraine 0,773 4. Netherlands Norway 0,773 2. UK Cyprus 0,773 3. Slovakia Spain 0,772 2. Israel Slovenia 0,770 1. UK Croatia 0,770 4. Romania Russia 0,769 4. UK Sweden 0,769 2. Belgium Slovenia 0,769 2. Croatia Poland 0,769 4. Poland Romania 0,768 4. Estonia Finland 0,768 2. Germany Finland 0,768 2. Ireland Poland 0,767 2. UK Netherlands 0,765 2. Finland Czech Republik 0,765 2. Latvia Hungary 0,764 4. Belgium Israel 0,762 1. Belgium Ireland 0,758 2. Romania Slovakia 0,757 4. Belgium Hungary 0,755 2. Israel Hungary 0,755 1. Greek Croatia 0,754 4. Belgium Sweden 0,754 2. Italy Slovakia 0,753 2. Luxembourg Portugal 0,753 2. Switzerland Spain 0,752 2. Greek Spain 0,751 2. Ireland Netherlands 0,750 2. Luxembourg Czech Republik 0,749 2. Luxembourg Slovenia 0,749 2. Finland Spain 0,748 2. Israel Austria 0,748 1. France Switzerland 0,746 2. Estonia Luxembourg 0,746 2. Estonia Russia 0,746 3. Croatia Hungary 0,744 4. Ireland Croatia 0,744 4 Denmark Austria 0,743 2. Slovenia Hungary 0,743 2. Belgium Netherlands 0,743 2. Czech Republik Ukraine 0,742 2. Finland Norway 0,741 2. Croatia Czech Republik 0,741 4. Portugal Turkey 0,740 2. Germany Iceland 0,739 2. Poland Czech Republik 0,738 2. Israel Russia 0,738 4. Italy Poland 0,738 2. Israel Spain 0,737 1. UK Slovenia 0,737 2. Croatia Latvia 0,737 4. Austria Portugal 0,737 2. France Spain 0,736 2. Israel Sweden 0,736 1. Belgium Croatia 0,736 4. Latvia Poland 0,736 4. Ireland Italy 0,735 2. Germany Israel 0,735 1. Poland Russia 0,733 3. UK Portugal 0,733 2. Denmark Netherlands 0,732 2. Luxembourg Sweden 0,732 2. Denmark Norway 0,730 2. Italy Spain 0,729 2. Greek Latvia 0,728 4. Poland Turkey 0,726 2. Poland Spain 0,726 2. Spain Cyprus 0,726 3. Israel Cyprus 0,725 4. Ireland Austria 0,725 2. Ireland Slovenia 0,725 2. Germany UK 0,725 2. Ireland Sweden 0,724 2. Germany Estonia 0,724 2. Romania Czech Republik 0,723 4. Norway Sweden 0,721 2. Ireland Czech Republik 0,719 2. Ireland Russia 0,718 3. Estonia Spain 0,718 2. Israel Netherlands 0,718 1. UK Hungary 0,718 2. Finland UK 0,718 2. Germany Portugal 0,717 2. Slovenia Turkey 0,716 2. Portugal Czech Republik 0,716 2. Luxembourg Norway 0,715 2. UK Slovakia 0,715 2. Poland Ukraine 0,714 2. Denmark Germany 0,712 2. Netherlands Spain 0,712 2. Latvia Czech Republik 0,711 4. Netherlands Czech Republik 0,711 2. Portugal Russia 0,711 3. Croatia Cyprus 0,710 4. Israel Croatia 0,710 4. Sweden Spain 0,710 2. Spain Hungary 0,709 2. Norway Czech Republik 0,708 2. Iceland Switzerland 0,708 2. Finland Sweden 0,707 2. Israel Turkey 0,707 4. Israel Ukraine 0,707 4. Italy Slovenia 0,707 2. Belgium Finland 0,706 2. Estonia Czech Republik 0,705 2. Ireland Portugal 0,704 2. Croatia Spain 0,703 4. Finland Austria 0,703 2. Slovakia Ukraine 0,702 2. Romania Turkey 0,702 4. Netherlands Austria 0,702 2. Croatia Ukraine 0,701 4. Austria Slovenia 0,701 2. Finland Ireland 0,699 2. Greek Poland 0,699 2. Estonia Croatia 0,698 4. Germany Czech Republik 0,697 2. UK Poland 0,697 2. Belgium Portugal 0,697 2. UK Czech Republik 0,696 2. Denmark Luxembourg 0,696 2. Denmark Sweden 0,695 2. Luxembourg Poland 0,692 2. Austria Sweden 0,691 2. Estonia Ukraine 0,690 2. Germany Netherlands 0,690 2. UK Norway 0,690 2. Denmark Finland 0,690 2. Israel Latvia 0,689 4. Germany France 0,689 2. Germany Sweden 0,688 2. Austria Hungary 0,685 2. Portugal Slovakia 0,685 2. Croatia Netherlands 0,685 4. Portugal Romania 0,683 4. Austria Cyprus 0,683 3. Iceland Austria 0,683 2. Finland Croatia 0,681 4. Latvia Ukraine 0,680 4. Slovakia Turkey 0,680 2. Germany Slovenia 0,679 2. Denmark Iceland 0,678 2. Spain Turkey 0,677 2. Germany Ireland 0,677 2. Greek Israel 0,677 1. Latvia Slovenia 0,676 4. Croatia Slovakia 0,675 4. Greek Portugal 0,675 2. Sweden Czech Republik 0,674 2. Belgium Denmark 0,674 2. Spain Ukraine 0,674 2. Slovakia Slovenia 0,673 2. Greek UK 0,672 2. Croatia Slovenia 0,672 4. Italy Portugal 0,671 2. Finland France 0,671 2. Luxembourg Slovakia 0,671 2. Ireland Turkey 0,671 2. UK Italy 0,670 2. Ireland Hungary 0,669 2. Croatia Norway 0,669 4. Austria Czech Republik 0,669 2. Israel Norway 0,669 1. Switzerland Slovenia 0,667 2. Iceland Luxembourg 0,665 2. Luxembourg Hungary 0,663 2. Poland Portugal 0,662 2. France Sweden 0,662 2. Greek Slovenia 0,661 2. Netherlands Slovenia 0,661 2. Italy Czech Republik 0,661 2. Germany Russia 0,660 3. Finland Poland 0,658 2. Denmark Switzerland 0,658 2. Italy Luxembourg 0,658 2. Portugal Ukraine 0,657 2. Latvia Romania 0,656 4. Israel Czech Republik 0,656 1. Finland Israel 0,655 1. Greek Slovakia 0,655 2. UK Russia 0,655 3. Croatia Switzerland 0,654 4. Estonia Latvia 0,653 4. Latvia Slovakia 0,653 4. Denmark UK 0,653 2. Belgium Cyprus 0,652 3. Hungary Cyprus 0,652 3. Russia Turkey 0,651 4. UK Switzerland 0,650 2. Greek Romania 0,649 4. Israel Poland 0,648 1. Slovenia Czech Republik 0,648 2. Belgium Czech Republik 0,648 2. Austria Russia 0,648 3. Norway Spain 0,647 2. Czech Republik Cyprus 0,647 4. Germany Norway 0,646 2. France Iceland 0,646 2. Ireland Norway 0,645 2. Portugal Sweden 0,644 2. Russia Cyprus 0,644 3. Estonia Austria 0,641 2. Latvia Portugal 0,640 4. Finland Switzerland 0,640 2. Croatia Romania 0,639 4. France Israel 0,638 1. Germany Cyprus 0,638 3. France Austria 0,638 2. Israel Switzerland 0,638 1. Latvia Cyprus 0,638 4. Slovakia Cyprus 0,636 3. Sweden Slovenia 0,636 2. Slovenia Cyprus 0,634 3. France Slovenia 0,633 2. Portugal Cyprus 0,633 3. Sweden Switzerland 0,633 2. Denmark Croatia 0,633 4. Denmark Czech Republik 0,632 2. Poland Slovenia 0,632 2. Greek Luxembourg 0,630 2. Finland Slovakia 0,629 2. Estonia UK 0,629 2. Netherlands Slovakia 0,628 2. Portugal Switzerland 0,628 2. France UK 0,624 2. Austria Poland 0,623 2. Israel Slovakia 0,621 4. Netherlands Poland 0,620 2. Belgium Greek 0,620 2. Luxembourg Turkey 0,620 2. Norway Poland 0,620 2. Czech Republik Turkey 0,619 2. Croatia Sweden 0,618 4. Germany Latvia 0,616 4. Estonia Portugal 0,616 2. Belgium Iceland 0,616 2. Netherlands Portugal 0,616 2. Russia Spain 0,615 3. France Ireland 0,615 2. Estonia Ireland 0,615 2. Finland Portugal 0,614 2. Greek Hungary 0,614 2. Ireland Switzerland 0,613 2. UK Turkey 0,613 2. Germany Poland 0,613 2. Norway Austria 0,612 2. Norway Portugal 0,611 2. Netherlands Switzerland 0,611 2. Iceland Spain 0,611 2. Estonia Poland 0,610 2. Greek Austria 0,610 2. Turkey Ukraine 0,609 2. Germany Hungary 0,608 2. Italy Ukraine 0,607 2. Switzerland Hungary 0,607 2. Finland Iceland 0,606 2. UK Latvia 0,606 4. Estonia Slovakia 0,606 2. Belgium Estonia 0,605 2. Italy Austria 0,605 2. Poland Cyprus 0,605 3. Ireland Latvia 0,605 4 Ireland Ukraine 0,604 2. Greek Czech Republik 0,603 2. Finland Slovenia 0,602 2. Belgium Norway 0,598 2. Belgium Latvia 0,598 4. Italy Hungary 0,598 2. Austria Slovakia 0,598 2. Denmark Ireland 0,597 2. France Netherlands 0,597 2. Germany Ukraine 0,596 2. France Hungary 0,596 2. UK Iceland 0,594 2. Denmark Spain 0,593 2. Iceland Norway 0,593 2. Luxembourg Ukraine 0,591 2. Estonia Iceland 0,591 2. Russia Slovenia 0,591 3. Finland Ukraine 0,591 2. Russia Hungary 0,589 3. UK Ukraine 0,588 2. Norway Slovakia 0,587 2. Estonia Norway 0,587 2. France Portugal 0,586 2. Austria Turkey 0,586 2. Sweden Slovakia 0,586 2. Netherlands Hungary 0,585 2. Norway Ukraine 0,585 2. Portugal Hungary 0,583 2. Finland Russia 0,583 3. Bulgaria Ireland 0,583 3. Israel Romania 0,583 4. Estonia France 0,582 2. Belgium Poland 0,582 2. Germany Slovakia 0,581 2. Iceland Sweden 0,580 2. Netherlands Cyprus 0,579 3. Germany Italy 0,578 2. Latvia Turkey 0,578 4. Germany Turkey 0,577 2. Bulgaria UK 0,577 3. Belgium Italy 0,576 2. Romania Slovenia 0,576 4. Estonia Romania 0,576 4. Denmark Israel 0,575 1. Belgium Russia 0,573 3. Bulgaria Poland 0,569 3. Latvia Spain 0,569 4. Greek Ukraine 0,568 2. Iceland Czech Republik 0,567 2. Iceland Portugal 0,567 2. Belgium Slovakia 0,566 2. Austria Ukraine 0,564 2. Belgium Turkey 0,562 2. Denmark France 0,561 2. France Norway 0,561 2. Bulgaria Russia 0,560 3. Latvia Switzerland 0,559 4. Sweden Hungary 0,559 2. Bulgaria Estonia 0,558 3. Estonia Slovenia 0,557 2. Czech Republik Hungary 0,556 2. Estonia Netherlands 0,556 2. Bulgaria Slovakia 0,555 3. France Czech Republik 0,554 2. Italy Netherlands 0,553 2. Estonia Switzerland 0,551 2. Bulgaria Germany 0,550 3. Denmark Portugal 0,550 2. Croatia Turkey 0,549 4. France Croatia 0,548 4. Finland Latvia 0,548 4. Slovakia Hungary 0,547 2. Denmark Estonia 0,546 2. Estonia Israel 0,545 4. Denmark Poland 0,544 2. Netherlands Ukraine 0,543 2. Iceland Netherlands 0,543 2. Switzerland Cyprus 0,542 3. Bulgaria Portugal 0,541 3. Ireland Romania 0,540 4. Norway Russia 0,540 3. Finland Hungary 0,539 2. Bulgaria Croatia 0,538 4. Switzerland Czech Republik 0,538 2. Estonia Sweden 0,538 2. Norway Switzerland 0,538 2. UK Romania 0,538 4. Germany Greek 0,536 2. Ukraine Cyprus 0,535 3. Netherlands Russia 0,535 3. Bulgaria Austria 0,535 3. Norway Slovenia 0,534 2. Slovenia Ukraine 0,533 2. France Cyprus 0,532 3. Finland Italy 0,531 2. Norway Romania 0,531 4. Romania Hungary 0,530 4. Norway Cyprus 0,530 3. Belgium Bulgaria 0,530 3. Greek Netherlands 0,529 2. Turkey Cyprus 0,528 4. Sweden Cyprus 0,527 3. Netherlands Turkey 0,527 2. Latvia Netherlands 0,525 4. Bulgaria Hungary 0,525 3. Poland Sweden 0,523 2. Greek Switzerland 0,522 2. Romania Cyprus 0,521 4. Switzerland Turkey 0,519 2. Estonia Italy 0,517 2. Poland Switzerland 0,516 2. Turkey Hungary 0,515 2. Netherlands Romania 0,513 4. Bulgaria Spain 0,512 3. Italy Switzerland 0,510 2. Bulgaria Ukraine 0,509 3. Denmark Slovenia 0,507 2. Bulgaria Israel 0,505 4. Sweden Ukraine 0,505 2. Estonia Hungary 0,504 2. Belgium Ukraine 0,503 2. Russia Sweden 0,503 3. Romania Spain 0,499 4. Bulgaria Finland 0,499 3. Finland Cyprus 0,498 3. Poland Hungary 0,498 2. Latvia Norway 0,497 4. Belgium Romania 0,494 4. Ireland Iceland 0,493 2. Iceland Slovenia 0,492 2. Bulgaria Slovenia 0,492 3. France Poland 0,490 2. Bulgaria Latvia 0,490 4. Norway Turkey 0,488 2. Germany Romania 0,487 4. Finland Greek 0,484 2. Denmark Ukraine 0,482 2. Estonia Turkey 0,482 2. Estonia Cyprus 0,481 3. France Slovakia 0,481 2. Bulgaria Netherlands 0,480 3. France Greek 0,480 2. Italy Norway 0,477 2. Russia Switzerland 0,476 3. Finland Romania 0,474 4. Finland Turkey 0,473 2. Denmark Hungary 0,473 2. Italy Sweden 0,471 2. Latvia Sweden 0,470 4. Bulgaria Czech Republik 0,469 4. Estonia Greek 0,468 2. Denmark Slovakia 0,467 2. Greek Norway 0,462 2. Denmark Latvia 0,462 4. Denmark Cyprus 0,459 3. Greek Sweden 0,459 2. Romania Sweden 0,456 4. France Italy 0,455 2. Denmark Greek 0,455 2. Switzerland Slovakia 0,453 2. Bulgaria Greek 0,449 4. Sweden Turkey 0,449 2. Iceland Poland 0,449 2. France Turkey 0,447 2. Bulgaria Norway 0,447 3. Denmark Russia 0,446 3. Bulgaria Cyprus 0,445 3. Iceland Ukraine 0,441 2. Denmark Turkey 0,440 2. France Latvia 0,439 4. Denmark Italy 0,435 2. Bulgaria France 0,432 3. France Ukraine 0,431 2. France Russia 0,430 3. Switzerland Ukraine 0,427 2. Ukraine Hungary 0,426 2. Romania Switzerland 0,425 4. Greek Iceland 0,425 2. Bulgaria Sweden 0,422 3. Norway Hungary 0,422 2. Denmark Romania 0,414 4. Iceland Hungary 0,413 2. Iceland Turkey 0,407 2. Bulgaria Denmark 0,403 3. Bulgaria Switzerland 0,392 3. France Romania 0,389 4. Bulgaria Turkey 0,387 4. Iceland Slovakia 0,381 2. Iceland Italy 0,364 2.