I want to optimize assignments to struct-typed fields in typed objects. This post is an effort to work through my optimization plan.

The goal

Imagine some code like this:

var PointType = new StructType({x: int32, y: int32}); var LineType = new StructType({from: PointType, to: PointType}); var line = new LineType(); line.to = {x: 22, y: 44};

The last line in particular is the one I am interested in. Today we execute this in the most naive way. The code which ion generates looks something like:

var tmp = {x: 22, y: 44}; SetProperty(line, "to", tmp) // a C++ helper

This means that a fresh temporary object tmp is allocated. There is no special optimization for setting properties whose types are complex types like PointType , so line.to results in a call into the interpreter, which eventually calls the self-hosted function ConvertAndCopyTo . This function will reflectively walk tmp , essentially doing the equivalent of:

var tmp = {x: 22, y: 44}; line.to.x = int32(tmp.x); line.to.y = int32(tmp.y);

There are many sources of inefficiency here:

Constructing the temporary object tmp . Going into C++ code from JS then back to self-hosted JS. The reflective walk done by ConvertAndCopyTo .

The pending patch in bug 933289 eliminates point 2. Basically all the patch does is to convert the generic SetProperty call, which goes into C++ and then into self-hosted code, so that it directly invokes the self-hosted code. Therefore the generated code now looks like:

var tmp = {x: 22, y: 44}; ConvertAndCopyTo(Point, line, 8, tmp)

This is a slight optimization in that we’ve baked in the offset of the to field (8 bytes) and we avoid the JS to C++ to JS transition, but we are still allocating a temporary and we’re still using a reflective walk to read out and copy the properties. What I’m looking at now is how we can eliminate those two parts.

Optimizing in stages

My plan is to add two optimizations. The first would expand calls to ConvertAndCopyTo into a series of assignments in the case where we know the type of the value being assigned. Therefore, a call like ConvertAndCopyTo(Point, line, 8, tmp) would be expanded in place to something like:

var tmp = {x: 22, y: 44}; line.to.x = int32(tmp.x) line.to.y = int32(tmp.y)

Next, a second optimization would detect reads like tmp.x where we can statically determine the result and propagate the value. This means that the code above would be optimized to:

var tmp = {x: 22, y: 44}; line.to.x = int32(22); line.to.y = int32(44);

Finally, dead-code elimination should be able to remove the temporary.

This approach has the advantage that the second half can benefit general code. For example, a common pattern in some of the PJS code I’ve looked is to use constant vectors like so:

var constantFactors = [3.14159, 2.71828, 6.67384]; var x = constantFactors[0] * vector[0]; var y = constantFactors[1] * vector[1]; var z = constantFactors[2] * vector[2];

The same optimization would constant propagate those uses. (I don’t believe we optimize this kind of code today; of course, if we do, that’s great, less work for me.)

One tricky case

However, after some discussion with jandem on IRC, I realized that this strategy was overly ambitious. In particular, the first step which expands calls to ConvertAndCopyTo provides no way to recover in case the JIT code should be invalidated. In the running example, this isn’t an issue, but in general a read like tmp.x or tmp.y could in fact access a getter and have arbitrary side-effects. That means that we must be able to bailout of the jitted code and resume execution in the interpreter.

For example, imagine some code like:

line.to = evilObject;

this line would be optimized to:

ConvertAndCopyTo(Point, line, 8, evilObject)

and that call would in turn be expanded to:

line.to.x = int32(evilObject.x); line.to.y = int32(evilObject.y);

Now imagine that evilObject.x is in fact a getter that modifies some global variables, and evilObject.y is a getter that throws an exception. Since throwing exceptions boots us out of jitted code, that means that we have to bailout to the interpreter while reading evilObject.y . The problem is that the interpreter only has a single bytecode for the entire assignment; it doesn’t have a way to represent having partially progressed through the assignment. And, since accessing evilObject.x actually mutates a global variable, we can’t just re-do the entire assignment.

To avoid this scenario, we can lean on TI so as to ensure that we only expand ConvertAndCopyTo calls when we can ensure that the source value properties are normal data properties and hence accessing them will not produce globally visible side-effects. This means that even if we do have to throw or revert, we can always bail out and repeat the entire assignment without ill effects.

At least that’s my plan! I hope to hack some on this tonight / tomorrow, so we’ll see if I encounter any surprises.