The House of Timur moved to India: Babur established the Timurid Dynasty in India in 1526 which is known as the Mughal empire (1526-1857). Babur was sixth in descent from Timur, while his mother was a descendant of Chengiz Khan. The first six Mughal Emperors from Babur to Aurangzeb are known as the great Mughals.

Babur, the first Mughal Emperor (1526-1530)

Meaning Tiger Full Name Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur Born 14 February 1483 at Andijan, Uzbekistan Significance Established the Mughal empire in 1526 Conquests 1st Battle of Panipat (1526), Battle of Khanwa (1527), Battle of Ghagra (1529) Parents Umar Shaikh Mirza and Kutluk Nigar Khanum Wives Maham Begum, Aisha Sultan Begum, Zeineb Sultan Begum, Maasumeh Sultan Begum, Bibi Mubarika or Bika Begum, Dildar Begum, Gulrukh Begum, Gulnar Agha Begum, Raiqah Begum Sons Humayun, Kamran and Askari (by Gulrukh Begum), Hindal (by Dildar Begum) Daughters Gulrang, Gulchehra, Gulbadan (three daughters by Dildar Begum) Gulrukh or Gulbarg Successor Humayun Died 26 December 1530 at Agra Burial Bagh-e-Babur at Kabul, Afghanistan (Outside India) Autobiography Tuzuk-i-Baburi

Humayun, the second Mughal Emperor (1530-1540 & 1555-1556)

Meaning Auspicious Full Name Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Humayun Born 6 March 1508 at Kabul, Afghanistan Significance Humayun's rule was briefly interrupted by the Sur Dynasty (1540-1555). After defeating Sikandar Suri Humayun re-established the Mughal empire in 1555. Conquests Battle of Chausa (1539), Battle of Kannauj (1540) Parents Babur and Maham Begum Wives Bega Begum or Haji Begum, Hamida Banu Begum, Gunwar Bibi, Mah Chuchak, Maywa Jan, Khanish Agha Khwarizmi Sons Akbar, Muhammad Hakim (by Mah Chuchak) Daughters Aqiqa (by Bega Begum), Bakshi Banu (by Gunwar Bibi), Fakhru-n-nisa (by Mah Chuchak) Successor Akbar Died 24 Jan 1556 at Delhi Death Due to accidental fall from the stairs of his library at Sher Mandal Burial Humayun's Tomb at Delhi. It was built by Bega Begum

Akbar the Great, the third Mughal Emperor (1556-1605)

Meaning The Great Full Name Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar Born 15 October 1542 at Umerkot, Pakistan Significance Re-established the Mughal empire after defeating Hemu (1556). Akbar is known as the greatest ruler of the Mughal dynasty. He propagated the idea of Sulahkul ie, Universal Peace, married Hindu princesses and abolished Jizya tax on non-Muslims. Conquests 2nd Battle of Panipat (1556), Battle of Haldighati (1576) Parents Humayun and Hamida Banu (Miriam Makani) Wives Ruqaiya Begum, daughter of Hindal; Salima Sultan Begum, daughter of Princess Gulbarg and widow of Bairam Khan; Hira Kunwari, the daughter of Raja Bharmal of Amber. See a list of Akbar's Wives Sons Salim (Jahangir), Murad (by a concubine), Daniel (by a concubine) Daughters Shahzada Khanum (by a concubine), Shukr-un-nisa Begum (by Bibi Daulat Shad), Aram Banu Begum (by Bibi Daulat Shad) Successor Khusrau (eldest son of Salim) Died 15 Oct 1605 at Agra Burial Akbar's Tomb at Sikandara, Agra

Jahangir, the fourth Mughal Emperor (1605-1627)

Meaning Conqueror of the world Full Name Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim Born 30 August 1569 at Fatehpur Sikri, Agra Significance During Jahangir's reign, Mughal painting reached its zenith. Received the first British ambassador (Sir Thomas Roe) and gave permission to the British to trade in India Conquests Victory over Mewar (1615), Conquest of Kangra (1620) Parents Akbar and Wali Nimat Begum (?) Wives Mihr-un-nissa better known as Nur Jahan, the widow of Sher Afgan; Manbhawati Bai or Shah Begum, daughter of Raja Bhagwan Das of Amer and sister of Raja Man Singh; daughter of Raja Rai Singh of Bikaner; daughter of Said Khan Gakhar; daughter of Dariya Malbhas of Lahore; daughter of Mirza Sanjar; Mani Bai or Jagat Gosaine better known as Jodh Bai, daughter of Raja Udai Singh of Jodhpur; Sahibi Jamal, the niece of Zain Khan Koka; Karamsi Bai, daughter of Raja Keshav Das Rathore; daughter of Ali Sher Khan Anchan of Little Tibet (Baltistan); Malika Jahan, daughter of Rawal Bhim Singh of Jaisalmer; grand daughter of Raja Man Singh of Amer; daughter of Ram Chand Bundela of Orchha; daughter of Husain Chak of Kashmir; daughter of Mubarak Khan Chak of Kashmir; Nuru-n-nisa Begum, grand daughter of Mirza Kamran, brother of Humayun; daughter of Raja Ali Khan of Khandesh; daughter of Abdullah Khan Baluch; Khas Mahal, the daughter of Zain Khan Koka Sons Khusrau (by Man Bai), Paveiz (by Sahibi Jamal), Khurram (Shah Jahan), Jahandar (by a concubine), Shahryar (by a concubine) Daughters Sultanu-n-nissa (by Man Bai), Bihar Banu (by Karamsi) Successor Khusrau. Khusrau died in 1621, before his father and his tomb is located at Khusro Bagh in Allahabad. after the death of Jahangir, Khusrau's son, Bulaqi (Dawar Bakshsh) ascended the throne. However, his name is not in the official list of emperors. Dawar Bakshsh was soon deposed by shah jahan. Died 28 Oct 1627 at Kashmir Burial Jahangir's Tomb at Shahdara Bagh, Lahore, Pakistan (Outside India) Autobiography Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri

Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal Emperor (1628-1658)

Meaning King of the World Full Name Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram Born 5 January 1592 at Lahore, Pakistan Significance The reign of Shah Jahan was the Golden age of Mughal architecture. He Was deposed and imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb in 1658. Parents Jahangir and Jodh Bai Wives Arjumand Banu Begum better known as Mumtaz Mahal, niece of Empress Nur Jahan; Kandahari Begum; Azz un-Nisa Begum or Akbarabadi Mahal, the granddaughter of Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan Sons Dara Shukoh, Shah Shuja, Aurangzeb (Alamgir), Murad Bakshsh (all four sons by Mumtaz Mahal) Daughters Purhunar Banu (by Kandahari Begum), Jahan Ara, Roshan Ara, Gauhar Ara (three daughters by Mumtaz Mahal) Successor Dara Shukoh. Dara was killed before his father by his younger brother Aurangzeb, who imprisoned Shah Jahan and ascended the throne. Died 22 January 1666 at Agra Burial Taj Mahal at Agra

Aurangzeb Alamgir, the sixth Mughal Emperor (1658-1707)

Meaning Conqueror of the world Full Name Muhi-ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb Nick Name Zinda Pir (Living Saint) Born 24 October 1618 at Dahod, Gujarat Significance Murdered his own brothers (Shah Shuja and Murad Bakshsh) and imprisoned his father for the throne. Aurangzeb was the last powerful Mughal emperor. Although the Mughal empire reached its greatest extent under Aurangzeb, it was also weakened due to the revolts of Sikhs, Rajputs, Jats and the Marathas. The mighty empire fell apart after the death of Aurangzeb. Parents Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal Lover Hira Bai or Zainabadi Mahal, a court dancer. She died young Wives Dilras Banu Begum; Nawab Bai; Hira Bai or Zainabadi Mahal; Aurangabadi Mahal; Udaipuri Mahal Sons Sultan Muhammad (by Nawab Bai), Muazzam (Shah Alam Bahadur Shah), Azam Shah (by Dilras Banu Begum), Akbar (by Dilras Banu Begum), Kam Bakhsh (by Udaipuri Mahal) Daughters Zeb-un-Nissa (by Dilras Banu Begum), Zinat-un-Nissa (by Dilras Banu Begum), Badr-un-Nissa (by Nawab Bai), Zubdat-un-Nissa (by Dilras Banu Begum), Mihr-un-Nissa (by Aurangabadi Mahal) Successor Shah Alam Bahadur Shah Died 21 February 1707 at Ahmednagar Burial Aurangzeb's Tomb at Khuldabad, Aurangabad





By Successor Here means, the preferred successor of their fathers/grandfathers