1. What Can My Security Deposit Be Used For

a. While you are in the apartment

While you are living in the apartment, you and your landlord may agree to use your security deposit to pay for rent or to repair any damage you or a guest may cause. Your landlord can only use a security deposit in this way if you and she both agree to it.31 If you both agree, put the agreement in writing. Both of you should sign it. Keep a copy.

b. When you move out

When you move out, your landlord can use your security deposit to pay for:

Repairs for damage that are not "reasonable wear and tear."

Unpaid rent, unless you legally withheld rent for bad conditions. See Chapter 8: Getting Repairs Made.

Unpaid real estate tax increase, if your contract requires it.32 See Chapter 5: Rent.

Your landlord cannot use your deposit for:

Damage that was already there when you moved in.

Reasonable wear and tear, like routine painting and cleaning, new locks and keys, and small carpentry repairs. 33

Repair costs that are not documented.

Phony claims of damage.

Repair costs that are unreasonably high.

c. Using security deposit to for repairs after you move out

If your landlord wants to use your security deposit for repairs, she has 30 days after you move out to give you a complete list of the damaged items and the cost to repair them.

The list must say that she "swears under penalties of perjury" the list is true and she must sign it.

She must also attach written receipts and estimates for the repairs. 34

2. When Can I Get My Security Deposit Back

a. While you are in the apartment

If your landlord fails to follow the security deposit law while you are renting, you have a right to ask her to return the security deposit right away. See Following the Law.

You can ask for the entire security deposit back if the landlord:

Does not give you a complete receipt within 30 days of getting your deposit, see Written Receipts.

Does not let you inspect her records of deposits and repairs, see Records of Deposits and Repairs. 35

Asks you orally, or in writing to give up your security deposit rights.

You have a right to ask for 3 times the amount of your security deposit if the landlord:

Does not put your security deposit money in a separate account or

Does not transfer it to a new owner.36

To ask for your deposit back, use the sample Security Deposit Demand Letter (Form 5).

b. When your tenancy ends

If there is damage, your landlord must give you a detailed list of damages within 30 days after your “tenancy ends.”

If there is no damage or unpaid rent, your landlord must return the security deposit plus interest owed within 30 days after your tenancy ends.37

Your tenancy ends:

Do not have lease: If you do not have a written lease, your tenancy ends the day you move out. And your landlord must return your security deposit within 30 days.

If you do not have a written lease, your tenancy ends the day you move out. And your landlord must return your security deposit within 30 days. Have lease: If you have a written lease, your tenancy ends when your lease ends. If you move before the lease ends, the landlord does not have to return the security deposit until 30 days after the last day of the lease.38 If you move after your lease ends, the landlord must return the security deposit 30 days after you move out.

c. After you move out

After you move out, you have a right to ask your landlord to return your security deposit if:

Your landlord does not give you an itemized list of damages within 30 days after you move out, or

Your landlord does not return your deposit or any balance owed you, with interest, within 30 days of when your tenancy ends.39

3. How Do I Protect My Security Deposit Before I Move Out

Give your landlord an address where she can send the security deposit and any interest.

Take photos of all of the rooms in case you need to prove the condition of the apartment when you moved out.

Ask the landlord to inspect the apartment with you and to point out any damage she plans to subtract from your security deposit.

Have your Statement of Condition with you in case you need to show the landlord that the problem existed when you moved in. See Statement of Condition (Form 3).

If there is any damage that goes beyond “wear and tear,” make a list that you and your landlord can sign. You may be able to reach an agreement with the landlord before you move out.

If your landlord refuses to inspect the apartment, make your own list of any damage or improvements. Sign and date it, then mail it to her after you move out. Remember to put in an address where she can send the security deposit.

4. How Do I Get My Security Deposit Back?

If your landlord does not return your security deposit when she should or she fails to follow the law, you can send her a demand letter.

If you send a demand letter and she still does not return your security deposit, you can take her to court.

a. Demand Letter

You can use a demand letter whenever you have the right to an immediate return of your deposit, even if it is not at the end of your tenancy.40

A demand letter gives your landlord a chance to return your deposit without having to go to court. You can use our Sample Demand Letters (Form 5 or Form 6)

Send the letter by certified mail, return receipt requested. Keep a copy for your records.

If your landlord does not respond to your demand letter for the return of your security deposit, you can take her to court. You can ask the court for up to 3 times the amount of the deposit, plus interest. If your security deposit was $1,000, she may have to pay you $3,000, plus interest, plus your court fees. If you hire a lawyer, the landlord will also have to pay your lawyer’s fees.41 See Triple Damages.

For more information about demand letters, see Attorney General Maura Healey's information Consumer Protection Act Demand Letter.

b. Taking Your Landlord to Court

You can take your landlord to court if she:

Fails to respond to your demand letter;

Fails to return your security deposit, with interest, within 30 days of the day you move out, or 30 days of the last day of your lease;

Fails to give you a complete list of damages within 30 days after you move out;

Failed to give you a complete receipt within 30 days of your giving the landlord a security deposit when you first moved in.

Failed to put the money in a separate bank account that is protected from creditors;

Failed to transfer a security deposit to a new owner; or

Asked you to give up your rights orally or in writing.

You can sue for up to $7,000 in Small Claims court. If your security deposit was less than $7,000, you can sue for 3 times the deposit, even though 3 times that amount may be more than $7,000.

You can also sue her for any interest she did not pay you during your tenancy and for the amount of money you have to pay an attorney to represent you.42

If you sue your landlord for your security deposit and she did not give you a complete list of damages within 30 days of your tenancy ending, she cannot claim you caused damage to the apartment. If she wants to sue you for damage to the apartment, she must start a separate case.43

The landlord is not allowed to keep any part of your deposit unless she sends you the list of damage and repairs within 30 days of the day you move out.44

c. Triple Damages

If you go to court, the court must award 3 times your security deposit if the court finds that your landlord has failed to:

Properly deposit a security deposit in a bank account separate from the landlord's funds and protected from creditors; 45

Transfer a security deposit to a new owner; or

Return the security deposit or balance that you have a right to within 30 days of the end of your tenancy.46

d. Where to file

Most security deposit cases can be filed as a Small Claims case. Housing Courts, District Courts, and the Boston Municipal Court all have Small Claims sessions.

The Massachusetts Court website has lots of information about Small Claims and forms in multiple languages that you can use online.

Also, the Massachusetts Trial Court Law Libraries website has detailed information about Small Claims laws in Massachusetts online.

If you win a Small Claims case, the landlord can appeal. Most landlords do not appeal. To appeal, the landlord has to give the court a “bond” to start the appeal. The amount of the bond is 3 times the security deposit.47 This law is to keep the landlord from using the court to tie up your security deposit in a lengthy lawsuit.