Novak Djokovic has one of the best return games in tennis.

He not only wins 85 percent of the games in which he serves, he also wins about a third of the games in which his opponent serves.

The way players now return the serve in tennis has evolved over the past decades, and few players have mastered the technique and strategy the way Djokovic has. Mark Kovacs, a sports scientist and coach at Kovacs Institute, helps break down the modern return and Djokovic’s mastery of it.

A Stance Like a Powerlifter

Wide stance Well-timed hop Wide stance Well-timed hop Wide stance Well-timed hop Wide stance Well-timed hop Wide stance Well-timed hop Wide stance Well-timed hop

Djokovic uses one of the widest stances in the game, giving him a stable base to store huge amounts of energy, much like a powerlifter. The stance helps him engage the large muscles of his upper legs for an explosive move to the ball.

It was not that long ago that players didn’t use such a wide stance on their returns. Roger Federer, when he began his career in the late 1990s, used a much narrower stance than he does today.

The wide stance is a direct result of a generation of players who concentrate heavily on strength training. It takes a lot of power to spring quickly from a wide stance, but for those whose muscles can handle it, the benefits can be remarkable.

The short hop that Djokovic uses when he anticipates the serve helps release all that stored-up energy and begins a chain reaction that will end with his shot.

But this brief hop in the air has to be precisely timed, and what he can see and process in that split second is what separates Djokovic from most of the players on tour.

Analyzing Clues in Milliseconds

Djokovic, off the ground as the ball makes contact with the racket. Direction of ball toss Racket angle Shoulder position Marton Fucsovics, Djokovic’s first-round opponent, supplying clues to Djokovic. Djokovic, off the ground as the ball makes contact with the racket. Direction of ball toss Racket angle Shoulder position Marton Fucsovics, Djokovic’s first-round opponent, supplying clues to Djokovic. Djokovic, off the ground as the ball makes contact with the racket. Direction of ball toss Racket angle Shoulder position Marton Fucsovics, Djokovic’s first-round opponent, supplying clues to Djokovic. Djokovic, off the ground as the ball makes contact with the racket. Direction of ball toss Racket angle Shoulder position Marton Fucsovics, Djokovic’s first-round opponent, supplying clues to Djokovic. Djokovic, off the ground as the ball makes contact with the racket. Direction of ball toss Racket angle Shoulder position Marton Fucsovics, Djokovic’s first-round opponent, supplying clues to Djokovic. Djokovic, off the ground as the ball makes contact with the racket. Direction of ball toss Racket angle Shoulder position Marton Fucsovics, Djokovic’s first-round opponent, supplying clues to Djokovic.

As you can see in the image above, the top of Djokovic’s jump is timed to the exact point of contact between the ball and his opponent’s racket. During these milliseconds, he is reading cues from the server to determine where the serve will go.

“Most of the great returners are not actually reacting to the ball,” said Kovacs, who has a doctorate in physiology and biomechanics. “They’re reacting to the position of the server’s body, the server’s tendencies. The best returners always have the best analytical mind.”

Djokovic studies analytics to understand serving patterns of opponents. He reads the direction of the server’s toss and the angle of the racket at impact. He looks at the angle of hips and shoulders, and he knows what the server is likely to do when the score is, say, 30-40.

These clues help decipher whether the serve will be a hard, flat shot down the middle or one slicing wide.

And all this is done in the narrowest window of time.

“All these guys who are great returners are understanding what is happening before it is happening,” Kovacs said.

Quick to the Ball

Hip turn, shoulder turn Directing the shot Primed to push off Hip turn, shoulder turn Directing the shot Primed to push off Hip turn, shoulder turn Directing the shot Primed to push off Directing the shot Hip turn, shoulder turn Primed to push off Primed to push off Hip turn, shoulder turn Directing the shot Primed to push off Hip turn, shoulder turn Directing the shot

By the time Djokovic lands from his hop, he knows where the serve will go — this time to his left.

So he lands with more force on his right leg for a strong push-off to his left, continuing the chain reaction that began with his hop. That reaction continues with the opening of his left hip followed by the left shoulder, and it will continue through his arms and hands until the shot is complete.

This gets him to the ball quickly and puts his body in position to execute a strong and accurate backhand return.

Neutralizing the Server

WHERE DJOKOVIC’S RETURNS LAND 12% 8% 9% 4% 16% 7% 13% 4% 30% 24% 35% 21% 34% 17% 44% 12% 13% 13% 15% 15% 17% 9% 20% 7% 1st serve, deuce court 2nd serve, deuce court 1st serve, ad court 2nd serve, ad court WHERE DJOKOVIC’S RETURNS LAND 12% 8% 9% 4% 16% 7% 13% 4% 30% 24% 35% 21% 34% 17% 44% 12% 13% 13% 15% 15% 17% 9% 20% 7% 1st serve, deuce court 2nd serve, deuce court 1st serve, ad court 2nd serve, ad court WHERE DJOKOVIC’S RETURNS LAND 12% 8% 9% 4% 16% 7% 13% 4% 30% 24% 35% 21% 34% 17% 44% 12% 13% 13% 15% 15% 17% 9% 20% 7% 1st serve, deuce court 2nd serve, deuce court 1st serve, ad court 2nd serve, ad court WHERE DJOKOVIC’S RETURNS LAND 12% 8% 9% 4% 30% 24% 35% 21% 13% 13% 15% 15% 1st serve, deuce court 2nd serve, deuce court 16% 7% 13% 4% 34% 17% 44% 12% 17% 9% 20% 7% 1st serve, ad court 2nd serve, ad court WHERE DJOKOVIC’S RETURNS LAND 12% 8% 9% 4% 35% 21% 30% 24% 13% 13% 15% 15% 1st serve, deuce court 2nd serve, deuce court 16% 7% 13% 4% 34% 17% 44% 12% 17% 9% 20% 7% 1st serve, ad court 2nd serve, ad court WHERE DJOKOVIC’S RETURNS LAND 12% 8% 9% 4% 30% 24% 35% 21% 13% 13% 15% 15% 1st serve, deuce court 2nd serve, deuce court 16% 7% 13% 4% 34% 17% 44% 12% 17% 9% 20% 7% 1st serve, ad court 2nd serve, ad court

Djokovic’s intent when returning a serve is not to win the point outright — it’s a low-percentage shot to aim for the baseline and sidelines when serves are traveling so fast. Instead, Djokovic neutralizes the server’s advantage by getting the ball back in play to strategic spots on the court, knowing that he would win a groundstrokes war against most players on tour.