House Republicans passed a boldly conservative budget on Wednesday night that relies on nearly $5tn (£3.36tn) in cuts to eliminate deficits over the next decade, calls for repealing the health care law, and envisions transformations of the tax code and social programs.

The budget’s final passage, by 228 votes to 199, came shortly after Republicans bumped up recommended defense spending to levels proposed by president Barack Obama.

The plans themselves are non-binding and do not require a presidential signature. Instead, once the House and Senate agree on a common approach, lawmakers will have to draft legislation to carry out the program that Republicans have vowed to follow in the wake of campaign victories last fall that gave them control of both houses of Congress.

Much of the budget’s savings would come from programs that aid low-income demographics, although details were sketchy.

Democrats rebutted that the Republican numbers didn’t add up and described their policies as wrong-headed.

The Republican-controlled Senate is likely to approve its version of a budget by week’s end.

Still, House passage of a budget marked a significant victory for Speaker John Boehner and the Republican leadership, which have struggled to overcome differences within a fractious rank and file.

The budget outline itself provides few if any details of the cuts envisioned, although once they appear in legislation they are highly likely to spark a veto showdown with Obama.

The president has also vowed to defend the healthcare law that stands as his signature domestic achievement. The House has already voted more than 60 times to repeal it in part or whole, but for the first time since the law passed, House members have a willing partner in the Senate.