WASHINGTON—President Donald Trump won’t hold another official bilateral meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin until next year, the White House said Wednesday, citing the ongoing special counsel investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. election.

“The President believes that the next bilateral meeting with President Putin should take place after the Russia witch hunt is over, so we’ve agreed that it will be after the first of the year,” national security adviser John Bolton said in a statement.

Following...