On Monday, President Trump released his proposal for the 2021 federal budget. Although a president’s budget is a clear statement of policy priorities, many of the provisions never actually get through Congress.

To better understand how federal spending has changed since Mr. Trump has taken office, we looked at the actual budget amounts for the 2020 fiscal year. We divided them by the U.S. population and sized the numbers proportionally to make their scale easier to visualize. Then we compared the numbers to the actual budget for the 2016 fiscal year, adjusting for inflation and population changes.

Total federal spending has increased by $1,441 per person since 2016. Most of that has contributed to the nation’s deficits, because revenues went up by just $125 per person during that same period.

Here’s a selection of well-known federal programs that make up about 80 percent of the federal budget, and how their funding per person has changed during Mr. Trump’s presidency.

Spending That Is More or Less Automatic

Many of these programs are financed through “mandatory” spending, meaning they are not part of the annual appropriations process but are calculated based on formulas set in law.

Though their spending levels have changed, most of these programs have not experienced major policy changes during Mr. Trump’s tenure. For health and retirement programs, increases are generally steady because of rising health care costs and an aging population. For programs that address income insecurity, like unemployment and food assistance, spending tends to decrease when the economy is doing better.

Mandatory Spending, Per Person

Spending Set by Congress Each Year

Less than a third of federal spending is considered “discretionary,” requiring authorization by Congress for each year. Last summer, the divided Congress passed a bipartisan two-year deal that set discretionary spending levels through the 2021 fiscal year, increasing the amount allocated for the military and for domestic programs while also contributing more to the federal debt.

Spending on a handful of programs that Mr. Trump has proposed slashing — like the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities, and grants for Amtrak — has actually changed little during his administration.

Discretionary Spending, Per Person

Maya MacGuineas, the president of the nonpartisan Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, noted in a statement that Mr. Trump’s budget plan released Monday assumes the reversal of spending increases that he has already signed into law.

“Frankly, budgeting has become pretty much a joke in this country, where budgets are used as messaging documents and an excuse to trade insults,” she said.