The new legislation makes vaccines mandatory for 12 preventable diseases, including measles, chicken pox, polio, hepatitis B, and tetanus. Only children with immunizations would be eligible for nursery school, according to the Friday law.

Parents would face large fines for sending non-vaccinated children to state childcare facilities or schools.

"The lack of appropriate measures over the years and the spread of anti-scientific theories, especially in recent months, has brought about a reduction in protection," Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni told a news conference in Rome.

Italy has noted a sudden spread of measles in recent years, with the number of infections rising from 250 in 2015 to 840 last year. Medical authorities have already detected over 2,395 cases since the beginning of 2017, and the US warned visitors to Italy to guard against the disease.

5-Star riding on 'disinformation'

Experts believe that the epidemic is due to people refusing to vaccinate their children. The world-wide anti-vaccination movement has been gaining traction in recent years, despite its theories being discredited by the scientific community. The public in Italy has been highly receptive to the debunked link about vaccines causing autism.

Watch video 03:44 Share Interview: Vaccines Send Facebook google+ Whatsapp Tumblr linkedin stumble Digg reddit Newsvine Permalink https://p.dw.com/p/1CQH2 Interview: Vaccines

The ruling parties accuse the opposition 5-Star movement for feeding the climate of fear over vaccines. The populist movement criticized the vaccination reform as a gift to pharmaceutical companies.

"5-Star is riding the wave of disinformation, nourishing fear and favoring a position that is anti-science and dangerous for the whole community," said Federico Gelli, a deputy from the ruling Democratic Party.

Representatives of the movement abstained from a vote that would oblige schoolchildren in Rome to be vaccinated on Thursday. However, Paola Ferrara, 5-Star's leader in city hall, said she considered vaccinations to be "essential."

dj/rt (Reuters, AFP)