Capacitor voltage changes steadily when provided a steady current. This creates a straight line if you look at the voltage change on an oscilloscope. A steady voltage change is called a ramp.

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Diagram

Video below shows how I put this circuit together on a breadboard.

One farad (1F) capacitors will change their voltage by 1 volt each second that one amp of current flows. Those are very large values, so usually it is a fractional amount. For example, a 0.001F (1,000µF) capacitor with 0.001A (1mA) of current flowing, will also change voltage at a rate of 1V per second.

Video





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Quick 1000uF capacitor voltage ramp using LM334 set at 1mA circuit schematic to breadboard build



Updated video and diagram:

Capacitor charging voltage ramp circuit made with LM334 current source component with oscilloscope



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