



For other places with the same name, see Mecca (disambiguation).

Mecca or Makkah (Arabic: مكة المكرمة Makkah al-Mukarramah), located in western Saudi Arabia, is the holiest city in Islam. It is strictly forbidden for Non-Muslims to enter the city and this is strongly enforced. Road signs to guide Muslims to the city and guide non Muslims to avoid the city are provided. During prayer times, streets near the Mosque may get crowded with mosque goers due to most Muslims having a preference for praying at the Sacred Mosque.

Understand [ edit ]

A Pilgrim at the Mosque looking towards The Kaabah

A pilgrimage to Mecca, known as the Hajj, is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, and it is obligatory for all Muslims with the physical and financial ability to make it. Over three million Muslims visit the city during the month of Dhu'l-Hijjah yearly. Visits outside this month are known as minor pilgrimages or Umrah, and while not compulsory, they are strongly encouraged. This is also the place where Prophet Muhammad was born. Mecca also has a very rich history as it is a very old city which has been considered sacred since the early middle ages. It is also the birthplace of Islam and is the most sacred place for Muslims.

Climate [ edit ]

Mecca, much like the rest of Saudi Arabia's Red Sea coast a desert climate with very high summer temperatures. Mecca has no winter and the "coldest" part of the year features temperatures from 18°C (64°F) to 30°C (86°F), while 35°C (95°F) hittings aren't uncommon. The city has never recorded a temperature below 10°C (50°F). The very hot period lasts from April to October and peaks in July when the average high is 43.8°C (110.8°F). The city's distance from the sea and low altitude are the two contributionary factor to the very hot weather compared to nearby cities (e.g. Jeddah is a seaside port, while Medina has a high altitude). The heat though doesn't bother Saudi Arabians that much and neither does with most muslim tourists. The city receives low rainfall amounts measuring 111mm (4.4 inches).

Get in [ edit ]

WARNING: Only Muslims are allowed to enter the city of Mecca. The penalty is deportation from the country and a possible fine. Documentation will be checked upon entry and anyone not showing proof of being a Muslim will be denied entry. As a solitary exception, the Mecca bus terminal (outside city limits) is open to all.

The government of Saudi Arabia issues special visas for those making the pilgrimage. Most pilgrims opt to use a specialist travel agency, which will handle the considerable paperwork for them, but detailed information on the strict requirements is available at the Ministry of Hajj. As usual in Saudi Arabia, women must travel together with a male guardian (Mahram), unless they are over 45, travelling with a group and have their guardian's signed consent.

Visas are assigned to countries on a quota basis according to the number of Muslims they have. Recently, those who have previously been to Mecca have had additional restrictions placed on their entry, in an effort to discourage overcrowding while still accommodating those who have not yet made the pilgrimage. If the applicant was not born a Muslim, they must present a certificate testifying so, which has been notarized by an Islamic center. Usually your mosque will be able to arrange this or at least point the way.

By plane [ edit ]

Jeddah is the gateway to Mecca. The Hajj Terminal at King Abdulaziz International Airport (IATA: JED), used only for the Hajj, is served mostly by charter flights, although there are some scheduled services. During Umrah, scheduled services use the airport's other terminals.

By car [ edit ]

There is an excellent modern multi-lane highway from Jeddah. During the Hajj pilgrimage season it is jammed with buses full of pilgrims. At any other time, traffic is extremely light for the size of the road.

A few miles outside Mecca, there is a cutoff referred to as the "Christian bypass". Turn along this highway to drive another 50 miles out of the way to reach the lovely mountain town of Taif. Taif, at 5000 feet elevation, was the former summer palace of the Saudi Kings. If you remain on the main highway, there is a police checkpoint just after the exit, where non-Muslims are kept out of the holy city.

By bus [ edit ]

SAPTCO runs services to Mecca from throughout the country, although most pilgrims arrive on privately chartered buses from Jeddah. There are two terminals: the main terminal outside city limits is open to all, but the city center terminal at the Haram al Sharif, used mainly by buses to Jeddah, is restricted to Muslims only.

By train [ edit ]

The Haramain High Speed Railway, which links Mecca with Jeddah and Medina, opened in 2018. Note that Mecca station is located within the city limits, and is open to Muslims only.

Get around [ edit ]

Local buses, taxis, and micro-buses are widely available in Mecca and are inexpensive. The 18 km (11 mi) Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro opened in November 2010. A total of 5 metro lines are planned to carry pilgrims to the religious sites.

Kaaba

Most visitors to Mecca follow the set itinerary of the Hajj. Major sites include:

Sacred Mosque ( al-Masjid al-Harami ). The holiest site in Mecca and Islam. This mosque is built around the Kaaba.

( ). The holiest site in Mecca and Islam. This mosque is built around the Kaaba. Kaaba. At the center of the sacred mosque is this building, said to have been built by Prophet Abraham himself and his son, Prophet Ishmael. Covered in black cloth, it is circled seven times by Muslim pilgrims.

In addition to Makkah, sites involving Hajj include

Mina . The "tent city" surrounded by a desert where the pilgrims spend the night. It is also the site of the symbolic stoning of the Devil.

. The "tent city" surrounded by a desert where the pilgrims spend the night. It is also the site of the symbolic stoning of the Devil. Muzdalifah Open plain where pilgrims pray. Most common place to gather stones for stoning the Devil.

Open plain where pilgrims pray. Most common place to gather stones for stoning the Devil. Hill of Arafat and Jabal Rahma. The site of Prophet Muhammad's last sermon.

Jabal Al Noor ( lit. The Mountain of Light ). While its not part of the Hajj ritual this is still an important site; since atop this mountain is the famous Her'aa grotto, where Muslims believe Muhammed first had the Quran revealed to him.

( ). While its not part of the Hajj ritual this is still an important site; since atop this mountain is the famous Her'aa grotto, where Muslims believe Muhammed first had the Quran revealed to him. Jabal Al Thur . This is the cave in which Prophet Muhammed hid in as he made Hijra to Yathrib (Medina) while being pursued by Meccans who were going to kill him. According to legend, the cave entrance was blocked by a spider which had cast a web to cover it.

. This is the cave in which Prophet Muhammed hid in as he made Hijra to Yathrib (Medina) while being pursued by Meccans who were going to kill him. According to legend, the cave entrance was blocked by a spider which had cast a web to cover it. Masjid e Taneem . This is a mosque which acts as a Miqat (boundary for Umrah) for people who have already just been in Makkah.

. This is a mosque which acts as a Miqat (boundary for Umrah) for people who have already just been in Makkah. Hudaibiyah . It is situated on the old road connecting old Jeddah to Makkah. It's currently known as al-Syumaisi. This is the place where the famous 'Hudaibiyah Treaty' took place between the Muslims from Madinah led by Prophet Muhammed and the Quraish from Makkah. There is new masjid built next to the ruins of the old masjid.

. It is situated on the old road connecting old Jeddah to Makkah. It's currently known as al-Syumaisi. This is the place where the famous 'Hudaibiyah Treaty' took place between the Muslims from Madinah led by Prophet Muhammed and the Quraish from Makkah. There is new masjid built next to the ruins of the old masjid. Jannat ul Mualla . This is the cemetary in which companions during the time of Prophet Muhammed are buried.

. This is the cemetary in which companions during the time of Prophet Muhammed are buried. Ja'aronah.





Abraj Al Bait (also known as the Mecca Royal Hotel Clock Tower)- opened in 2012 complex that's the centerpiece of a hotel and services complex. It definitely makes for an imposing sight as it towers over the pilgrims inside the mosque. It has a gigantic clock at the top, the tower also includes an Islamic Museum and a Lunar Observation Center. The tower is a part of project that aims to modernize the city in catering to its pilgrims.

Hike the Mountains of Mecca

Visit Ghar Hira, where the first verse of the Quran was revealed to the last of the prophets, Prophet Mohammed.

Pray and read the Quran at the Kaaba Masjid al Haram.

Shopping in the city is widely available. Bargaining is always an option when shopping locally.

Visit Mina and the site of Stoning the devil.

Learn. Mecca has a variety of schools and universities.

View the five pillars of Islam

While in Makkah many pilgrims purchase trinkets to remember their time, and souvenirs to bring back to family and friends. Zamzam water is available free which is consumed in Makkah and brought home as a souvenir.

There are many shopping malls with local and International brands in Makkah! You really want to purchase the perfume oils known as Attars from many well known Arabian perfume brands. Besides this you could find local shops almost everywhere in the city from which you can buy Prayer Mats, Islamic hats, Abaya, Thawbs and much more!

There are many types of food from all over the world available in Mecca, from the Indian, Middle Eastern to Southeast Asian food. There are also American fast food chains such as Kentucky Fried Chicken and Dunkin Donuts. No type of pork, ham or any part of the pig is served in Saudi Arabia as forbidden by Islamic Law, since Saudi Arabia is a Muslim country and Mecca is the holiest city in Islam.

Budget [ edit ]

There are numerous budget eating places from Pakistani, Bengali, and Middle Eastern. There are also many Hawker centres located really near to the Holy Mosque!

You can find many international food chains like KFC, Pizza Hut, Hardees etc. The food served there is Halal (permissible).

Splurge [ edit ]

Alcohol is illegal in Saudi Arabia. All intoxicants are forbidden.

Zamzam Water- holy water from the Zamzam spring in Masjid al Haram believed to be divinely blessed is preferred among pilgrims to Mekkah.

There are many tea shops that serve tea and cookies. Also many juice vendors right outside the Mosque that sell Apple, Mango and Strawberry juice for 1 SAR.

Mecca is full of hotels, from the Hilton to unknown hotels with various facilities. The price varies according to the hotel's distance from the Holy Mosque. Some of the world's greatest hotels are situated in Mecca, and are full year-round. Make sure to book early, as soon as you know your dates of travel.











Stay safe [ edit ]

Despite strict crowd control measures, overcrowding and stampedes are major hazards during the month of the Hajj, killing dozens of people. Mina, Jamrat and the bridges leading to them are known to be particularly dangerous, although steps have been taken to alleviate this: there are now four parallel bridges and the route is now unidirectional.

During the Hajj crowds pickpockets are not uncommon. Avoid having any valuables on your person when traversing through the crowds. In other words, be on the safe side and don't take chances. Most pilgrims also visit Medina, Islam's second holiest city.

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