Communication is an important component of relationship satisfaction. Its longitudinal relationship may not be as robust as previously thought, leaving open the possibility that individual-level factors may influence this association. Personality traits have been associated with relationship satisfaction and communication, separately, but no study has simultaneously examined these interrelated components. We used stepwise structural equation modeling to examine the extent to which conflict resolution skills, personality traits, and their interactions predicted relationship satisfaction in heterosexual dating couples (N = 116 individuals) at four-month follow-up. Results showed that some personality traits moderated the association between conflict resolution and later relationship satisfaction. Specifically, for individuals with lower than average levels of conscientiousness and neuroticism, the link was positive; for individuals with higher than average levels of conscientiousness and neuroticism, the link was negative. Notably, conflict resolution skills, personality traits, and their interactions accounted for more than half of the variance in later relationship satisfaction. Results suggest that personality traits may differentially influence the communication-relationship satisfaction link in couples over time. Future studies investigating the communication-satisfaction link should examine these and other individual differences to better inform interventions for distressed couples.