Intelligence

Intelligence is very common term in day to dat life,used vey frequently i.e. that person is intelligent,this proble is solved intelligently, but from all these intelligence is very broad term and to express it many efforts are made, let’s try to express it.See following image











In the image there are six objects chair,cat,bulb,blackboard,fan and person, from this image we can say cat and human being are intellgent or they have intelligence because both are living being and they perform action based on intelligence like walk,run,eat,jump etc. Here we can say living being are intelligent or intelligence is the characteristic of living beings ,so all other are not intelligent becasue they are non living beings.

Now look at another example, consider following series

1,4,9,16,25,….

seeing this series what is the next element in the series ?,so some person think and try to solve series either addition some value to series or subtract from series or find geometric progression or use arithmetic progression , the nexit element is36 . So from this example

“Intelligence is the ability to solve problem”

now consider little complex task like make time table of school , in this example we first plan for how many class is included in time table then how much classroom is available,schedule number of teacher for particular class and how much student are in one section and then implement time table and see time table is going well or there are some problem which have to solve or fix. From this example we can say

“Intelligence is ability to plan organize and execute”

now take another aproach, consider a patient goes to doctor for treatment,now first doctor see the symptoms,then check temperature,see past history of patient or consider some other previous case or previous treatment ,from this example we can say

“Intelligence is the ability to take action and nake decision on the basis of knowledge,previous record or history and current condition and situation”

Now consider following statement “rahul is 5.6 ft tall and he is tall”, but if rahul goes to some place where all person has height of 6ft or more than we say rahul is not tall , this shows ambguity , so from this example we say

“Intelligence is ability to find ambguity and make decision correctly”

In the day to day we see many things from faces,car models,dress,pictures,paths,rivers,plants and many more things, So

“Intelligence is ability to see memorize and store it”

Now consider you want to see video online you start youtube and search for video and play a video ,if video has no audio or osund but images and objects are moving than you easily find it what is happening just by seeing images,so









“Intelligence is the ability to recognize”

Artificial Intelligence

We discuss intelligence in previous paragraph’s and identify characteristics of intelligence, in human beings brain computes ,making decision ,solve problem.Artificial intelligence or artificial intelligenc esystem can be describes that system acts as human brain and perform action or system that thinklike human or human and based on thinking make action and decision.

From above discussion we see two school of thoughts in artificial intelligence discipline.

First school of thought says and explain that artificial intelligence is the discipline in which ai ssytem think like human brain and make different action like decision making,problem solving, also describe that ai ssytem work exactly like himan brain which canlearn,perceive,recognize,store information,act according to condition and situation.

Here are some definition of artificial intelligence

according to these school of thought

By Winston

“The study of computation that make it possible to perceive reason and act”

By Charniak andMcDermott

“The study of mental faculties through the use

of computational models”

By Haugeland

“The exciting new effort to make computers think … machines with minds, in the full and literal sense”

Second school of thought saya that ai system are those that act like human brain i.e. they copy the activites and action to perform intelligent task like decision making or problem, capability of human are programmed in this ai ssytem so they perform activites exact same as humans.This school of thought treat human brain as blackbox and don’t know how brain work s, just copy or replicate human bring action in these system.

here are some defintion from this school of thought

By Kurzweil

“The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people”

By Schalkoff

“A field of study that seeks to explain and emulate intelligent behavior in terms of computational processes”

By Luger and Stubblefield

“The branch of computer science that is concerned with the automation of intelligent behavior”

Strong ai

AI ssytem based on think like human brain are give the concept of strong ai.For ex if ai ssytem think like human and becomes alert to a danger situation or can run according to some criticial condition and also make decision for particular problem. it is strong ai.

Weak ai

Ai system based on act like human brain give the concept of weak ai.For ex if ai robot is expert in playing chess and beat all grand chessmaster, it is intelligent so much but if we say it to run in case of fire catchi

ng from the place it is playing chess it does not do that until we copy or program that capability, this is weak ai.

Also read

AI problem solving