BEIT AWWA, West Bank — Maysoon Sweity remembers a time before the fires, when she and her family would lie on the roof of their home here and fall asleep counting the stars.

On a Friday morning in April, Ms. Sweity, a 54-year-old schoolteacher and mother of six, stood on the same roof, watching a column of dark smoke spiral into the sky. Less than a mile away, tires and scraps from discarded refrigerators burned at the base of the concrete wall separating her Palestinian village from Israel.

“When I see that, I see death,” she said. “Everyone is sick, and I know that one day I’ll be sick too.”