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On Monday, officials in Los Angeles County released preliminary results of a study that suggest roughly 4.1 percent of the county’s adult population has already had the coronavirus, which translates to between 221,000 and 442,000 people, factoring in adjustments for statistical margin of error.

That’s a much, much higher number than confirmed case counts indicate. (As of early Tuesday morning, the county had 13,816 cases.)

“We haven’t known the true extent of Covid-19 infections in our community because we have only tested people with symptoms, and the availability of tests has been limited,” Neeraj Sood, a professor of public policy at the University of Southern California and lead investigator on the study, said in a statement.

Dr. Barbara Ferrer, L.A. County’s public health director, said in a statement that the early results pointed to the possibility that many people may have been unknowingly infected.