Nearly half of North Korea‘s population are undernourished, the UN independent investigator on human rights in the country has said.

Tomas Ojea Quintana said 140,000 children are estimated to be suffering from “undernutrition,” including 30,000 who “face an increased risk of death”.

Mr Quintana told the General Assembly’s human rights committee the government “is violating its human rights obligations due to its failing economic and agricultural policies”.

He said “climate conditions, infertile land, natural disasters and the negative impact of sanctions have contributed to further food insecurity”.

Mr Quintana said he has seen no improvement in North Korea’s human rights situation during his three years as special rapporteur.

North Korea Military Parade Show all 6 1 /6 North Korea Military Parade North Korea Military Parade In this image made from video released by KRT on Feb. 8, 2018, a military parade is held at Kim Il Sung Square in Pyongyang, Thursday, Feb. 8 2018, just one day before South Korea holds the opening ceremony for the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. (KRT via AP Photo) AP North Korea Military Parade This screen grab taken from North Korea's KCTV on February 8, 2018 shows members of North Korea's military taking part in a parade, with missiles being displayed, in Kim Il Sung Square in Pyongyang. North Korea staged a military parade in Pyongyang on February 8 to mark the 70th anniversary of its armed forces, in a show of strength just a day before the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympic Games open in the South. / AFP PHOTO / KCTV / KCTV / -----EDITORS NOTE --- RESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE - MANDATORY CREDIT "AFP PHOTO / KCTV" - NO MARKETING - NO ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS - DISTRIBUTED AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS - NO ARCHIVESKCTV/AFP/Getty Images AFP/Getty Images North Korea Military Parade In this image made from video released by KRT, North Korean soldiers march during a military parade in Pyongyang, Thursday, Feb. 8 2018. North Korea held a military parade and rally on Kim Il Sung Square on Thursday, just one day before South Korea holds the opening ceremony for the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. (KRT via AP Photo) AP North Korea Military Parade In this image made from video released by KRT on Feb. 8, 2018, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, right, inspects honor guards, along with his wife Ri Sol Ju, center, during a military parade in Pyongyang, Thursday, Feb. 8 2018. North Korea held a military parade and rally on Kim Il Sung Square on Thursday, just one day before South Korea holds the opening ceremony for the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. (KRT via AP Photo) AP North Korea Military Parade In this image made from video released by KRT on Feb. 8, 2018, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, center, watches the military parade in Pyongyang, Thursday, Feb. 8 2018. North Korea held a military parade and rally on Kim Il Sung Square on Thursday, just one day before South Korea holds the opening ceremony for the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. (KRT via AP Photo) AP North Korea Military Parade This screen grab taken from North Korea's KCTV on February 8, 2018 shows North Korean leader Kim Jong Un speaking during a military parade in Kim Il Sung Square in Pyongyang. North Korea staged a military parade in Pyongyang on February 8 to mark the 70th anniversary of its armed forces, in a show of strength just a day before the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympic Games open in the South. / AFP PHOTO / KCTV / KCTV / -----EDITORS NOTE --- RESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE - MANDATORY CREDIT "AFP PHOTO / KCTV" - NO MARKETING - NO ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS - DISTRIBUTED AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS - NO ARCHIVESKCTV/AFP/Getty Images AFP/Getty Images

“The country’s economic resources are being diverted away from the essential needs of the people,” he said.

“Pervasive discrimination in the public distribution system means that ordinary citizens, especially farmers and people in rural areas, have not been receiving any rations.”

Mr Quintana said collective farming and the failure to allow farmers to benefit from individual plots of land is further exacerbating food insecurity.

“At the same time, the government has failed to put in place conditions where people can securely engage in trade and exchange in marketplaces without facing criminalisation, extortion and other forms of abuse,” he said.

Nonetheless, he added, the vast majority of North Koreans “are now engaged in such market activity for their survival”.

Ironically, he said, the government’s failure to regulate nascent market activity is creating increasing inequality based on wealth, “where only those with money have access to basic rights such as education, healthcare, freedom of movement and adequate housing.”

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Mr Quintana said severe restrictions on basic freedoms were widespread, including surveillance and close monitoring of civilians.

“North Korean people continue to live in the entrenched fear of being sent to a political prison camp” called a kwanliso, he said.

“If you are considered to be a spy of the hostile countries or a traitor, when in reality you are simply exercising your basic human rights, you can be suddenly taken by agents of the Ministry of State Security to a kwanliso and never be seen again.

“Suspects’ families are never informed of the decisions or of the whereabouts of their relatives.”

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On the issue of North Koreans who have fled to China, Mr Quintana said in the past six months he has received information from family members living in South Korea of an increasing number of these escapees being detained.

He said any North Korean who escapes should not be forcibly returned because there are substantial grounds they would be tortured or subjected to other human rights violations.

“I appreciate the government of China’s increased engagement with me on this concern, and I hope that this will lead to greater compliance with international standards,” he said.

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Mr Quintana said North Korea has accepted 132 recommendations from other UN member states, including one “to grant immediate, free and unimpeded access to international humanitarian organisations to provide assistance to the most vulnerable groups, including prisoners”.

He said this could lead to the first international access to places of detention, “and could therefore be an opportunity to improve prison conditions”.