Problem #1 Template

Let f : nat -> nat be a decreasing function. Here, we mean decreasing in the non-strict sense (and indeed, no strictly decreasing functions nat -> nat exist).

Your typical decreasing function

Classically, we can prove that f must eventually be constant, i.e. there is a position after which the value of f never changes. Unfortunately, this cannot be proven constructively (we will revisit this in Problem #2), but we can prove something weaker. By an n -valley, we will mean a sequence of n+1 consecutive points that have the same value. For example, in the above figure, there is a 3 -valley at position x=4 .