The restaurants were given a score out of 100 based on six factors, including policies on marketing to children, disclosure of nutritional information on menus and online, plans to reduce "nutrients of concern" such as sugar and saturated fat, and a commitment to health in corporate strategy. Subway topped the list with 48/100, with researchers suggesting it could do better by phasing out free soft drink refills. Domino's Pizza was the bottom of the pack with just 3/100, scoring zero in each category except for nutrition labelling and transparency in its corporate relationships. McDonald's, KFC, Nando's, Hungry Jack's, Pizza Hut, Chicken Treat, Red Rooster, Oporto and Grill'd notched up scores ranging from 10 to 42. Subway and Nando's both offered further information to researchers, while other companies declined.

The report's lead author Associate Professor Gary Sacks said Australians spend about 32 per cent of their food budget on takeaways and eating out, which means the fast-food industry has a big impact on our diets. "Unhealthy diets are creating a public health crisis in Australia," Dr Sacks said. Dr Sacks said there needed to be an emphasis on making healthy options easy and cheap, and not on offering deals for products that were full of sugar. "The majority of items we see heavily promoted are unhealthy ones, like $1 frozen Cokes," Dr Sacks said. Subway scored 48/100 on the Deakin study for being the most transparent about its health and nutrition policies.

The report – the third in a series that has previously ranked supermarkets and food manufacturers – found all of the restaurants had provided comprehensive nutrition information online, but all needed to improve their disclosure and transparency on their policies for healthier eating. "There's a real opportunity for fast-food companies to help address the problem by introducing policies that make healthier choices, like water and fruit or salad, the automatic option for kids' meals." Further studies by the university will examine "the performance of companies", including if they comply with the nutrition commitments they have made. Inside our Quick Service Restaurants recommended that restaurants prioritise obesity prevention, set measurable targets to reduce saturated fat and sugar, commit to making healthier options the default option, and implement a pricing strategy that puts healthier products at a similar or lower price to "less healthy" equivalents. It concluded that, while some fast-food restaurants have taken positive steps to tackle obesity and unhealthy diets, there is a "much greater role for the sector to play", which should be closely monitored by governments.

Some retailers were unhappy with the study, with burger chain Grill'd saying it was considering legal action after it was scored 10/100 by the "flawed, misleading and deceptive" research.

The restaurant's founder, Simon Crowe, said he was "furious" his company had been "lumped in with a bunch of fast-food outlets" when it had been focused on nutrition since 2004. "My concern is that the researcher who undertook this work appears not to have thoroughly examined the Grill'd website which clearly states our position on the survey questions," Mr Crowe said. In a statement, Domino's Pizza said it "already meets or exceeds a number of the recommendations in the report", including reducing sodium and fat, not marketing to children, and including kilojoule labelling on menus in all states. A spokesman said transparency is "important" to the company, which is "always working to provide customers with healthier and tastier menu items".