The Brihadishvara Temple, Thanjavur by Jean-Pierre Dalbera (CC BY)

Adisthana - the decorative raised platform on which a temple is built.

Figure en toilette, Khajuraho by Anindita Basu (CC BY-NC-SA)

Alasa kanya - a decorative female figure.

Muktesvara Temple, Bhubaneshwar by Amartyabag (CC BY-SA)

Amalaka - a large fluted stone disc placed on top of a Nagara tower taking its form from the amla or myrobalan fruit native to India.

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Features of Hindu Architecture by Tangopaso (CC BY-SA)

Antarala - an antechamber to the inner sanctum or garbhagriha of a temple.

Durga Temple, Aihole by Jean-Pierre Dalbera (CC BY)

Ardhamandapa - a temple portico serving as an entrance porch.

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Bho - a medallion motif of Orissan architecture which projects from towers and shows a monster regurgitating garlands flanked by two dwarfs.

Principal Features of a Hindu Temple Complex by Tangopaso (CC BY-NC-SA)

Bhoga mandapa - (or Bogh-mandir) a hall in Orissan temples which is used for consecrated food preparation and distribution.

Brihadishvara Temple, Thanjavur by Aravindreddy.d (CC BY-SA)

Devalaya - the general name of a temple meaning a god's dwelling place.

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Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram by Arian Zwegers (CC BY)

Dravida - the style of southern temple architecture.

Garbhagriha, Pattadakal by Arnold Betten (Public Domain)

Garbhagriha - (also garbha grha) meaning 'womb-chamber,' the small windowless room that is the main shrine of the temple, usually containing a representation or symbol of the principal deity.

Ghana dvara - blind doorways of the garbhagriha, which symbolically allow the energy of the deity to radiate through and beyond the temple. They may also act as secondary niche shrines.

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Ghanta - a bell-shaped finial on the top of a tower.

Monumental Gateway, Brihadishvara Temple, Thanjavur by Jean-Pierre Dalbera (CC BY)

Gopura - a monumental gate tower of Dravida temples.

Surviving Jagamohana of the Konark Sun Temple, Orissa by GÃ©rald Anfossi (CC BY-SA)

Jagamohana - the mandapa or entrance hall of an Orissan temple.

Kirtimukha, Nepal by Clemensmarabu (CC BY-SA)

Kirtimukha - a decorative lion or monster motif with the lower jaw missing, typically placed over doorways.

Mandapa, Amritheswara temple by Dineshkannambadi (CC BY-SA)

Mandapa - a columned hallway which leads to the garbhagriha or inner sanctum.

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Makara, Cambodia by Vassil (Public Domain)

Makara - a decorative sea monster motif.

Parsvanatha Temple, Khajuraho by Jean-Pierre Dalbera (CC BY)

Nagara - the style of northern temple architecture.

Vimana, Kailasanatha Temple, Kanchipuram by Andrea Kirkby (CC BY-NC-SA)

Nandi Mandapa - a pavilion which contains a statue of Shiva's gatekeeper and vehicle, the bull Nandi.

Nata Mandapa, Konark by Alokprasad84 (CC BY-SA)

Nata mandapa - (also nata mandir) the dance hall in Orissan temples, added from the 10th century CE.

Shiva with Nandi, Aihole by Jean-Pierre Dalbera (CC BY)

Nataraja - a decorative dancing Shiva motif.

Kailasanatha Temple, Kanchipuram, India by Kannan Muthuraman (CC BY-ND)

Prakara - a high wall which encloses a temple.

Wheel, Konarak Sun Temple by Prapti Panda (CC BY-NC-SA)

Ratha - a projection on the exterior wall of a Nagara temple; there are typically seven on each side. Also the name for the chariot of the sun god Surya which sun temples represent via spoked wheels on the outer walls.

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Bhima & Dhamaraja by Bernard Gagnon (CC BY-SA)

Sala - a barrel-vaulted roof in Dravida architecture, often represented as an architectural motif.

Rajarani Temple, Bhubaneshwar by Lnm8910 (CC BY-SA)

Sikhara - the tower of a Nagara temple which is built directly above the inner sanctum or garbhagriha. Also the decorative top of a tower in Dravida temples.

Talas of the Brihadishvara Temple by Thamizhpparithi Maari (CC BY-SA)

Tala - the tiers of a vimana tower.

Gopura & Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram by Jean-Pierre Dalbera (CC BY)

Temple tank - a ritual bathing tank or pool common in southern temples.

Kandariya Mahadeo Temple, Khajuraho by Dennis Jarvis (CC BY-SA)

Urushringa - a smaller, subsidiary tower, usually joining or enclosing the main tower.

Kailasanatha Temple, Kanchipuram by Balaji Shankar Venkatachari (CC BY-NC-SA)

Vimana - the more rounded tower of a Dravida temple. Typically they are topped by a small dome.

Temple Vastu-Purusa-Mandala by James Princep (Public Domain)

Vastu-purusa-mandala - the symbolic symmetrical floorplan which Hindu temples follow.

Somanathapura, Vesara Style Temple by Srinivasa83 (CC BY-SA)

Vesara - the style of architecture which mixed Nagara and Dravida styles.

Vyala (Yali) by Mkghosh06 (CC BY-SA)

Vyala - (also yali) the decorative lion monster seen in many Hindu temples.