Fighting between government troops and rebels escalated during the second week of February, forcing nearly a dozen schools in the Old City to shut for several days and prompting terrified parents to keep children at home.

Hanan lives with her husband and three daughters in Al-Amin, a neighbourhood at the heart of Damascus's Old City which has been bombarded by rebels entrenched outside the capital.

school, until she returns. It's like she's coming back from some adventure or battle, not from class," the 44-year-old mother told AFP.

"I can't describe my anxiety from the moment Lina leaves for

Hanan anxiously waved goodbye as her 11-year-old daughter headed into class in Syria's capital after more than a week at home under escalating rebel shellfire.

Hanan kept her daughters out of school for eight days. On Sunday, she woke up and checked a Facebook page called "Daily Mortar Strikes -- Damascus" to see where shelling had hit overnight.

Nervously, she sent her daughters off to class, personally accompanying Lina on the 10-minute walk to Josephine's Girls School.

"Today was better. We woke up to our alarms instead of explosions," she said.

The walk to school has become so dangerous that Hanan said she would rather keep Lina at home.

"It's better that my daughter loses a year of school than lose her life, or that I lose her," she told AFP.

s outskirts (photo by: LOUAI BESHARA/AFP)

Although it has been relatively insulated from the mass destruction wreaked on other Syrian cities, Damascus is regularly bombarded by armed opposition factions based in nearby Eastern Ghouta.

Wailing sirens, empty classrooms

Syrian troops have recaptured most rebel positions around the capital in recent years, and are determined to clear the final pocket in Eastern Ghouta.

Government forces intensely bombarded the enclave for five days earlier this month, killing dozens, as rebel rockets and mortars on Damascus killed at least 20 people including three children, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.

The rain of shells has traumatised Damascenes including Fadia, who teaches English to eighth graders at

a private school in the Bab Sharqi district.

"We'd hear the sound of shells, we were so scared. Then one of our students, 15-year-old Rita al-Eid, was killed by a mortar," Fadia told AFP.

"The next day, most of the classrooms were empty."

s outskirts (photo by: LOUAI BESHARA/AFP)

She breathed a sigh of relief last week when her school sent out text messages saying classes were cancelled for three days.

"The sound of ambulances didn't stop at all. Sometimes we had to close the windows just so we could hear the students," said the 36-year-old.

"Then we'd open them again, scared the glass would shatter if a shell hit nearby."

Now that shelling has subsided, Fadia's school will reopen on Monday.

"I think residents will feel safe when they see that schools have opened again," she told AFP, but admitted she's still nervous.

"Shells aren't a game. It's a matter of life or death -- and life in the Old City is directly tied to the situation in Eastern Ghouta."

'Death can ride buses'

A few blocks away in Bab Touma, a handful of public buses stood waiting for passengers to head to the outskirts of the capital.

s Old City, often targeted by rebels in an enclave on the edge of the capital (photo by: LOUAI BESHARA/AFP)

Driver Abu Mohammad cleaned the glass of his white bus, pausing briefly to point out a crater punched in the pavement by a deadly mortar strike last week.

"We all went home then, but we came back the next day -- we have to live, and we have no other choice," he told AFP.

The unpredictability of the rocket and mortar fire has made Damascus residents afraid to leave their homes, making business slow for bus drivers, said Abu Mohammad, in his fifties.

"Usually on days like this, there are tons of people from early in the morning until late at night. But there are so few people today," he said.

"No one's leaving their homes except when absolutely necess

ary. Death can ride buses, too."