Kazan Brown's eyes well up when she talks about the Gungalook waterhole.

Its significance for her as a Gundungurra traditional owner is deeply personal and spiritual.

Her family used to live here, and the stories from the land date back thousands of years.

It is the reason why she fears so much for its future.

Sitting in the lower reaches of the Blue Mountains, at the southern end of Lake Burragorang — the lake created when Warragamba Dam was built in the 1960s — the waterhole is in the middle of a well-trodden path: the push-and-pull between progress and protecting indigenous history.

If a proposal to raise the dam wall is approved, Ms Brown fears the waterhole will be flooded and lost forever.

"This is all that's left': Kazan Brown fears for her heritage if the dam wall proposal goes ahead ( Photo: Ross Byrne )

"The landscape around it's not going to be the same, it's going to change," she said.

"We won't be able to see the kangaroo traps anymore, you won't be able to get this close to it anymore and it's just not going to exist — the waterhole itself will be flooded, it will be gone.

"This is all that's left, the first time around they flooded a good 80 per cent of our sites … and now they want to take what's left."

A complicated history

While the Warragamba Dam is currently used only to supply water to Sydney, the NSW Government wants to raise the dam wall by 14 metres for flood mitigation in the highly flood prone areas of north-west and western Sydney.

The Government says the extra 14 metres will not be used for water storage, only for flood mitigation, so the upstream inundation would only be temporary.

The Gungalook Waterhole has special meaning to the Gundungurra people ( ABC News: Kathleen Calderwood )

Water NSW and Infrastructure NSW are preparing an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the proposal, due next year.

If approved, the wall construction will take place from 2020-2024, at an estimated cost of $690 million.

Traditional owners fear their cultural heritage sites and stories will be lost under the higher water level, and they say not enough has been done to properly survey and document them for the EIS.

'Quick and nasty' survey

The archaeological and cultural heritage surveys took place over 25 days, yet Lake Burragorang has a foreshore of 354 kilometres.

Elder Sharyn Halls took part in the surveys over the 25-day period and is not satisfied with the effort so far.

Sharyn Halls says the archaeological and cultural heritage surveys need to be done properly. ( ABC News: Kathleen Calderwood )

"It needs to be increased and we need to do it properly and it hasn't been done so far," she said.

"Nothing under another 60 days might work, but it depends on what you find and how much paperwork you've got to do along the way to how long it would take."

A spokesperson from Infrastructure NSW said the period was only set as an "initial guide" and the survey was not complete.

"It will take as long as required to satisfy the agreed methodology," the spokesperson said.

The project team was consulting with Aboriginal communities, the spokesperson said, with specialised Aboriginal heritage consultants employed to do the survey work.

Archaeologist Wayne Brennan said the effort so far had been "a quick and nasty".

"To do a proper job you can really use up to 12 months, and just six months of that would probably be field work," he said.

"Obviously there's the physical aspects of the sites themselves, the stones, the rock art, the things in between, the cultural features in the landscape.

"But far more importantly what we have are these ancestral creational being stories which are very rich in this area."

One of those stories is the creation of the Gungalook waterhole, which runs beside Ms Brown's old family property.

Taylor Clarke at Kamilaroi Rock. ( ABC News: Kathleen Calderwood )

"The creation story is that the Gurrungatch [the serpent] came down the river and was chased by Mirrigan [a quoll-like creature] and made the river, as he's come down and this was where he rested," she said.

"I was brought here and told stories, shown the family property, the dreamtime story … and I'd like to be able to do that with my grandkids."

Minister for Western Sydney Stuart Ayres said a balance needed to be struck between protecting Indigenous heritage and protecting the lives of the people who lived in the floodplain.

"The Hawkesbury-Nepean is one of the most complex floodplains in the world," he said.

"Thousands and thousands of people live in this part of the world and right now they are at risk of extreme flood events.

"Investing in a flood mitigation extension to the existing Warragamba Dam wall is not about creating inundation unnecessarily it is really only about creating inundation to prevent a catastrophic flood … the first thing we do is we prioritise the safety of people's lives."

National Heritage List 'priority'

The Greater Blue Mountains — which includes some areas around Lake Burragorang such as the Gungalook waterhole, but not all — is on the World Heritage List for its environmental values.

In 2005, an application was made to expand the boundaries of the National heritage area to include the entire shore of Lake Burragorang, adding another layer of protection to the area.

The application argues to include the area's cultural associations, natural beauty, geology and landforms on the National Heritage List.

Traditional owners fear scar trees in the Burragorang Valley will be flooded. ( ABC News: Kathleen Calderwood )

Despite being put on a priority assessment list in 2008, the application has never been finalised.

A Federal Environment Department spokesperson said the assessment process was "continuing".

Now the Gundungurra Aboriginal Heritage Association has pursued their own means of getting further protection for the area, nominating it a declared "Aboriginal Place".

If approved by the NSW Government, the declaration would recognise the Burragorang Valley's significance to the Gundungurra people.

"We've been mapping this whole area for 12 years and I feel we've had to take a few extra[steps] now to protect cultural heritage," Ms Halls said.

