When Scarlett Johansson was originally cast to lead the live-action adaptation of Ghost in the Shell, there were complaints that the movie was whitewashing its lead role. In the manga and anime, the lead character is Major Motoko Kusanagi, but the live-action version changed it to Major Mira Killian

The conventional wisdom argued that in order to fund a blockbuster film, they needed a “name” like Johansson. To be fair, Johansson is one of the few female stars that can open an action film. The 2014 film Lucy, which is based on nothing except a misunderstanding of how the human brain works, opened to $43 million and went on to gross $463 million worldwide. That being said, studios have never balked at casting white, nothingburger actors to lead their movies, which is how we get stuck with folks like Sam Worthington, Jai Courtney, and Garrett Hedlund. Paramount is a studio that needed Johansson’s name recognition for Ghost in the Shell, but seemed oddly okay to put Ben-Hur on the shoulders of Jack Huston, a fine actor but one who had never carried a movie before.

So the opportunity that could have come to a Japanese actress like Rinko Kikuchi or Tao Okamoto instead went to Johansson, arguably the safer bet financially, but inconsistent with how studios approach other blockbuster films. But watching Ghost in the Shell, I was struck by how Johansson’s casting is just the tip of the iceberg in the film’s unsettling treatment of race.

[Spoilers ahead for Ghost in the Shell]

What’s striking throughout the film is that director Rupert Sanders wants to set his film in a futuristic Tokyo, happily latches on to imagery from the anime and manga that was inspired by modern Tokyo, and then populates the majority of the film with non-Japanese actors. In terms of the main cast, the only major characters played by Japanese actors are Major’s boss Aramaki (“Beat” Takeshi Kitano), her fellow agent Saito (Yutaka Izumihara), and Hairi (Kaori Momoi), a woman whose daughter disappeared. Beyond that, there are some nameless henchmen and a handful of background performers, and that’s really all you see of Japanese people in a film that’s set in Japan.

Sanders wanted to give his film an international look, and while I appreciate the casting of folks like Pilou Asbæk (Denmark), Danusia Samal (born in London but of Kurdish and Polish descent), Chin Han (Singapore), Lasarus Ratuere (Australia), and Anamaria Marinca (Romania), that’s still a majority of white people in a film that’s based in Japan. So why have it take place in Tokyo at all? If it’s the future, why not go the route of past scripts of Akira and move the setting from “Neo-Tokyo” to “Neo-Manhattan” or just avoid naming the location?

The answer seems to be that Sanders wants all of the Japanese aesthetic with none of the people. The film wants to separate the culture and the population because while the culture is cool, casting Japanese actors into more than two roles is apparently too much of a hurdle. The result is a setting that’s constantly distracting as you wonder not only how far into the future Ghost in the Shell is supposed to be, but what exactly happened to reduce Japanese people to a minority in their own country (a country that is currently so homogeneous that its population is currently 98.5% Japanese).