Federal officials said they found that some researchers had shared with Beijing intellectual property and pilfered confidential information from grant applications. Other researchers had failed to disclose that they were receiving money from foreign sources while being funded by the N.I.H.

Federal officials have said that some scientists have run “shadow laboratories” in China while conducting N.I.H.-funded research in the United States. This month, the N.I.H. said 55 institutions across the country are investigating such concerns.

“These incidents are not unique to MD Anderson and we remind universities to look closely at their organizations to mitigate unscrupulous practices by foreign entities that aim to capitalize on the collaborative nature of the U.S. biomedical enterprise,” the agency said in a statement on Sunday.

At a hearing this month, Dr. Collins said that while attention from politicians and the news media has largely focused on Chinese schemes — particularly a program, called the Thousand Talents Plan, designed to lure global experts from Western universities and companies — other countries have also engaged in similar practices. He did not specify what other countries were involved.

He said the F.B.I. has been “investigating vigorously.” The F.B.I. declined to comment on Sunday.

Dr. Collins said at the hearing that there were an “increasing number of instances where faculty members have been fired,” though he did not specify how many or where those people might have worked.

“My own estimation is it’s the tip of the iceberg and that we will see more evidence of problems in the near future,” said Ross McKinney, chief scientific officer for the Association of American Medical Colleges.

Part of the increased attention on possible exploitation of biomedical research is because China’s ambitions have risen in recent years, particularly in science and technology, said Scott Kennedy, a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies who briefed an N.I.H. panel on the topic.