Two academics cautiously defended the concept of college “safe spaces” in a public debate last week, stopping well short of backing radical opposition to conservative speakers on campus.

University of California, Davis law professor Ashutosh Bhagwat and Wesleyan University President Michael Roth took an unconventional approach to defending campus safe spaces during an Intelligence Squared debate on June 23, acknowledging that some radical activists go “too far” in opposing controversial speakers.

"By sealing off large parts of the campus to guard against certain ideas and viewpoints we're going to make that problem worse."

“I think part of what's going on is, the safe spaces debate has become conflated with the debate over controversial speakers on campus, usually conservative speakers, triggering protests,” Bhagwat said during the debate. “Those are separate questions.”

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“I do not think—sometimes people have said that the entire campus should be a safe space, and therefore it's the same issue,” the professor continued. “That goes too far. And they're driven by completely different concerns.”

According to Bhagwat, the debate over campus speakers revolves around “anger over ideas that students believe—sometimes legitimately, sometimes not—to be out of bounds.”

“I think we really need to separate those two questions, because the controversial speaker stuff is complicated,” he added.





Notably, Bhagwat’s debate partner also expressed concerns about bias in higher education and revealed that Wesleyan University is attempting to bring more conservative speakers and professors to campus.

“[A]t colleges and universities today, it is very much the case that there is a strong bias—sometimes on the faculty, often on the faculty, often on the students—towards the left,” Roth declared. “This is not new. This is perhaps something to do with the age of students, but something to do with the politics of our country right now.

“I have started a program at Wesleyan University to bring more conservative thinkers to campus, more conservative professors,” he continued. “Army generals or colonels who are retiring from the armed forces to teach courses in international relations and political science, because I think our conservative students need to feel they too can express their views.”

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Roth and Bhagwat’s opponents in the debate, however, remained critical of the concept of “safe spaces,” and warned that insulating students from controversial speech could lead to dangerous outcomes.

“Our society is deeply polarized,” said PEN America CEO Suzanne Nossel. “By sealing off large parts of the campus to guard against certain ideas and viewpoints we're going to make that problem worse.”

Quoting from the Oxford Dictionary, Nossel also noted that the definition of “safe spaces” involves protecting individuals from “emotional” as well as “physical” harm, saying that the crux of the debate is really about how broadly universities should protect against emotional harm.

Acknowledging that freedom of association gives individual groups the right to hold events at which “freedom from emotional harm might be virtually assured,” she said the calculus is different when it comes to “places where students have no choice but to be,” especially when people argue that “administrators or institutions should be charged with policing or governing what speech is permissible and what is out of bounds.”

While she made clear that there is “no room for argument” when it comes to outright harassment or discrimination, Nossel pointed out that “it’s those other elements of the definition—exposure to criticism or any other emotional harm—those distinguish enforcement of a safe space from simply upholding legal protections.”

Likewise, David Hudson, Jr., a professor of law at Vanderbilt University, said that while some speech “can cause harm,” censorship of potentially harmful speech “[runs] the risk of engulfing anything that's considered controversial, anything that's considered unorthodox, anything that...stridently disagrees with somebody else's point of view.”

[RELATED: Campus coffee shop evicts College Republicans from ‘safe space’]

Despite their moderate position on campus speakers, however, Bhagwat and Roth both defended the idea of “safe spaces” on college campuses, arguing that the notion is not new or unusual.

During his opening statement, Bhagwat maintained that safe spaces should serve much like households, and make college students feel accepted on campuses.

“Most obviously, all of us are going to go home, in my case tomorrow,” he said. “I'm going to hang out with friends and family. That's a safe space. I expect it to be a safe space. Everyone, my opponents in this debate, feel the same way about their homes.

“Now think about students at a residential campus,” he continued. “Sure, part of the reason they're there is to learn, to debate, to be exposed to new ideas, to learn how to refute ideas they disagree with, but that campus is their home and indeed it is their home in a more full way than even my home.”

Similarly, Roth argued that safe spaces have more to do with “building community where people who have been marginalized over time can find places where they can find comfort in one another's company, find inspiration in their varied experiences, but not to define the college experience as a whole as being one where you are cut off from antagonistic ideas.”

[RELATED: Students told to report 'negative reactions' to 'Safe Place']

“Safe spaces were vitally important for gay rights,” Roth asserted. “They were vitally important for feminism and I think they're coming up today on college campuses because college campuses have more students from under-represented groups who are trying to define their own places on theses campuses. They're not trying to censor other people, they are trying to find a way they can belong to historically white and middle-class institutions.”

Interestingly, Roth also asserted that students who decide to attend a university are “not signing up for a marketplace [of ideas],” but are rather seeking to be members of “a community.”

“And I think providing some students the ability to say, ‘I will not be harassed in this space, I will not be attacked in this space. I will be seen as a member of the community in this space’—that's a safe space, and it's not dangerous,” he argued. “What's dangerous is to make believe that everybody who comes to a university—like everybody who comes to a marketplace—is an equal participant in transactions.”

Throughout the debate, Hudson and Nossel repeatedly disputed the points made by their adversaries, arguing that their definition of safe spaces lacked specifics.

“You know, they're defining safe spaces in this incredibly broad—I would contend, overbroad—fashion,” Hudson said. “What we're talking about is safe spaces in which students are shielded from challenging, difficult, offensive speech.”

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