India's Home Minister, Amit Shah, recently proposed creating a National Register of Citizens (NRC) for the entire country.

Although Shah assured the Indian Parliament that no groups would face discrimination, resistance to the proposal has been mounting, with several Indian states describing it as a move to target and harass minorities.

A similar exercise in India's northeastern state of Assam has already drawn condemnation as 1.9 million people, many from non-Hindu minorities, were not included in the list.

Indian political activists say that carrying out a similar process across India will spread anxiety among non-Hindu minorities around the country.

"The country today stands at the brink of catastrophic human suffering and injustice. If the government implements the NRC, it risks tearing the country apart, reopening the wounds of partition, and ultimately destroying India's secular democratic constitution," said Indian human rights activist Harsh Mander.

Read more: Opinion: India's government is playing with fire

Growing opposition to NRC

Opposition political parties have objected to the rollout of an NRC and said they were not consulted.

Mamata Banerjee, the head of the regional Trinamool Congress (TMC) party and chief minister of the state of West Bengal, said she will never allow such a citizen register in her state.

Watch video 04:20 Share India to publish citizens list Send Facebook google+ Whatsapp Tumblr linkedin stumble Digg reddit Newsvine Permalink https://p.dw.com/p/3OheK Does India's National Register of Citizens target Muslims?

"There are few people who are trying to create disturbances in West Bengal in the name of implementation of the NRC. I want to make it very clear, we will never allow NRC in Bengal," Banerjee said last week.

Read more: India's Assam could plunge into chaos after final citizen list is released

KT Jaleel, the higher education minister in the southern state of Kerala, also criticized the proposal. "How can the home minister go for a nationwide rollout of the process? This is nothing but a ploy to harass and intimidate the minorities."

The NRC in Assam, which was published on August 31, left out a sizable number of Hindi-speaking Bengalis and indigenous communities who were unable to prove their Indian citizenship.

"We reject the Supreme Court-monitored NRC, as it included many who should not have been and excluded many who are genuine Indian citizens," said Assam Finance Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, welcoming a nationwide NRC, including a recount in the state.

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A logistical nightmare

The NRC process in Assam lasted nearly seven years and cost around 1.6 billion rupees (€202 million, $222.4 million). Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government has yet to specify how the proposed exercise will be carried out, and no time frame has been laid out.

Read more: Future uncertain for residents excluded from Assam's citizens' list

The laborious procedure for passing the proposed citizenship test could involve elaborate documentation as in the Assam case; including land and tenancy records as well as certificates proving permanent residency.

"It is not an easy matter. This exercise may be important for national security, but the logistics are formidable and daunting. This has not been thought through logically. It is scary," Prateek Guha, an attorney in Assam, told DW.

Watch video 02:51 Share Assam's excluded residents face uncertainty Send Facebook google+ Whatsapp Tumblr linkedin stumble Digg reddit Newsvine Permalink https://p.dw.com/p/3Qa2a Labeled as 'foreigners,' Assam's excluded residents face uncertainty

India for Hindus?

A nationwide NRC fits into the BJP's wider Hindu-nationalist message. In the run-up to the 2019 general elections, the BJP promised to bring in a NRC.

The BJP government also plans to amend India's citizenship rules by introducing the "Citizenship Amendment Bill" (CAB) during the current winter session of Parliament.

Read more: India's BJP wants citizenship bill to counter mistakes in Assam’s NRC

The CAB would allow Hindus, Jains, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Parsis from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan to apply for Indian citizenship, while keeping out Muslims.

The Indian government argues that its measure aims to grant citizenship to religious minorities who have faced persecution in these countries.

But the proposal has been mired in controversy for leaving out only Muslims.