Well into Mr. Sondland’s testimony, it was clear that relations between the Republican and Democratic lawmakers had frayed. Mr. Meadows accused Mr. Schiff of “leading the witness over and over and over again,” prompting an angry retort by the chairman.

“I don’t think it’s fair to this witness to ask him if he is aware of facts which are not, in fact, facts,” Mr. Schiff shot back.

Later, a squabble over how long it took Mr. Sondland to turn over WhatsApp messages to the State Department devolved into a heated argument in which Mr. Meadows complained that “it is nine hours and now we’re getting into this kind of crap.”

The House voted on a resolution last week that directed the House Intelligence, Foreign Affairs and Oversight and Reform Committees to release the transcripts with necessary redactions and begin to move other findings into public view. Democrats could begin public hearings with some of the witnesses as soon as next week.

The transcripts follow a standard set of rules that Mr. Schiff put in place for the interviews: Democrats, who control the committee, start off the questioning for an hour, followed by an hour of questions from the Republican side. The two sides continue to take turns until the interviews are over.

During Ms. Yovanovitch’s testimony, lawyers for Republican members repeatedly pressed her about whether she leaked a copy of her opening statement to the news media, prompting howls of protest from her lawyer: “Anything she would know about that, she would know through counsel, so she’s not going to answer that,” her lawyer said repeatedly.