As the show’s anchor, Robinson, who had a brief stint as a cast member on “Saturday Night Live,” is a sweetly vulnerable, baggy-eyed presence whose typical pivot moves from banal boredom to infinite exasperation. He has an intensity suited for the macabre, but he tunes it to a comic frequency. Turn the sound off and you can still tell that his sad sacks are doomed, from his variety of slumps, a perpetually furrowed brow and, often, a ludicrous fake mustache.

The roots of his breakout were planted two years ago when Netflix presented “The Characters,” a series of showcases for comedians, including 30 minutes of Robinson, who played fragile neurotics with anger issues. He did a wonderful impression of the abrupt and operatic unraveling of a Sinatra-like charmer who turns into a sniveling, despairing depressive after a single lost bet. But his most affecting character was a melancholy worker bee completely undone by a crank call from a colleague. Robinson made this seem real and ridiculous, poignant and preposterous. In his new show, he returns to the theme of minor jokes causing major wounds with sketches in which a magician’s banter and a whoopee cushion prove to be nearly existential.

He specializes in men completely unable to roll with the punches. Instead they get angry and stubborn, digging in and completely ignoring the message in the title, “I Think You Should Leave.” This may sound like a parody of emotional snowflakes, but Robinson isn’t out to mock his characters (the show actually makes you sympathize with them) so much as to summon humor in just how frustrating small embarrassments can feel.

The show is produced by the comedy troupe the Lonely Island ( one of its members, Andy Samberg, stars in an episode ). But its comedic aesthetic owes much less to Lonely Island’s slick musical parodies than to the gonzo grotesqueries of “Tim and Eric Awesome Show Great Job” (Tim Heidecker, half of the team behind that Adult Swim hit, stars in one of the more conventionally funny sketches in “I Think You Should Leave,” playing the world’s most insufferable charades player). “Tim and Eric” DNA shows up in the squishy sound design, the rapid-fire editing and throwback graphics as well as some of the casting, which mixes actors with people who look as if they had stumbled off the subway.