The investigation is being conducted by the United States attorney’s office for the Eastern District of New York. The Brooklyn office includes the same prosecutors who have spent years investigating FIFA, the global governing body for soccer, resulting in a range of bribery and corruption charges that produced upheaval in the organization. The office has also spent years investigating systematic doping in Russia.

A spokesman for the Eastern District declined to comment on Wednesday.

The individuals summoned to provide information, including personal and corporate bank records, were asked to appear in federal court in Brooklyn as soon as this week.

The government’s request came just as global sports officials prepared to travel to Pyeongchang, South Korea, for the Winter Olympics, and as the United States Olympic Committee has been roiled by the case of Lawrence G. Nassar, a former doctor for the American gymnastics team convicted of sexually abusing scores of young athletes.

A spokesman for the U.S.O.C. declined to comment on Wednesday. A spokeswoman for the world governing body of track and field said the organization had not been contacted by American investigators. “We stand ready to cooperate, if they do,” she said.

The International Olympic Committee, too, had not been contacted, a spokesman for the organization said, minimizing the organization’s relevance to any potential inquiry. Prosecutors have broadly requested emails, text messages, notes and contracts relating to the I.O.C. over the last five years; the same is true for the other organizations.