For now, the concrete can’t be used in public spaces. Anything exposed and electrified above 48 volts — much less than the 208 volts used in Tuan’s concrete — is considered high voltage and is not allowed. Federal law will have to be rewritten to change that.

Although the concrete is more expensive — about $180 more per cubic yard than regular concrete — he said the long-term benefits pay off.

“You have to compare apple with apple,” Tuan said. “Compare $300 versus $120 — $300 you have a de-icing function, and $120 you don’t have anything, and you have to spray salt or de-icing chemicals and that degrades your concrete.”

Tuan said traditional concrete needs to be replaced every five years or so. Without chemical use, the electric concrete lasts much longer, with fewer potholes. His concrete is also maintenance-free, because the power cords and conductive rods are encased in the concrete and not exposed to the elements.

This concept is different from the hydraulic system often used for residential driveways, Tuan said. Traditionally, heating fluids, such as antifreeze or warm water, are pumped through pipes embedded in the concrete, a method Tuan said is expensive and wastes more energy.