Taxonomic treatment

Charinus brescoviti new species. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ED0B1B23-2274-449F-B9EE-EDAE43A48902

(Figs 1A–1E, 2A, 3A and 4A)

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larger image TIFF original image Download: Fig 1. A-E. Habitus and details of the sternum and pedipalp of Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (female, MNRJ 9186). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Sternum; C. Frontal view of left the pedipalp basitiba, distitiba and claw; D. Dorsal view of the right pedipalp; E. Ventral view of the left pedipalp. Scale bars: 1mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g001

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larger image TIFF original image Download: Fig 2. A-H. Mesal view of the right chelicerae of all new species here described. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (female paratype, IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (female paratype, MPEG 0061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 41460); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (male paratype, MZSP 28291); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29118); G. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29106); H. Charinus bichuetteae sp. n. (male paratype, MNRJ 9173). Scale bars: 1mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g002

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larger image TIFF original image Download: Fig 3. A-H. Trichobothria of left basitibia IV and distitibia IV. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (female holotype, IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (female paratype, MPEG 0061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 48146); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 29136); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29118); G. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 29104); H. Charinus bichuetteae sp. n. (male paratype, MNRJ 09173). Acronyms: bt, basotibial; bf, basofrontal; bc, basocaudal; sbf, sub-basofrontal; sc, caudal series; sf, frontal series;. Scale bars: 1mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g003

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larger image TIFF original image Download: Fig 4. A-H. Female and male gonopods of the new species described in this paper. A-F. Female gonopods. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (MPEG 061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (MZSP 48146); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (MZSP 29132); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (MNRJ 09249). G-H. Male gonopods. G. Charinus carajas sp. n. (MZSP 29121); H. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (MZSP 29106). Scale bars of figures. A, B, C, E, G, H: 100μm. Scale bars of figures. D, F: 50μm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g004

Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Antônio Domingos Brescovit (Instituto Butantan, SP, BR), in recognition of his contribution to arachnology.

Type material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Araçá River, Piaçaba, 18.v.1982, B. Mascarenhas (Female, IBSP 149). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Araçá River, Piaçaba, 18.v.1982, B. Macharenhas (1 female, IBSP 149; 1 female and 1 juvenile, MNRJ 9186).

Diagnosis. Well-developed median and lateral eyes; small and rounded meta and mesosternum; large basal spine pedipalp distitarsus (2/3 the distal length); basitibia of leg IV divided in two pseudo articles; trichobothria of basitibia IV (bt) on the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothriae, equidistant basal trichobothria (bf, bc and sbf); brownish-yellow body color; cushion-like gonopods with small lateral projections directed backwards and internal seminal receptacles.

Description. Carapace (Fig 1A): flattened, wider than longer (ratio approximately 4/5). Prominent lateral and median eyes; from the median eyes starts a thin median furrow that reaches around the median area of the lateral hump pair, behind the lateral eye spots. Anterior margin with 6 small setae. Corners of anterior margin extending downwards in a wide, roundish boss. Many tiny punctuations, more abundant in the frontal area. Three pairs of deep furrows and a deep, oval fovea. First pair of furrows placed just behind the lateral boss and not reaching the middle line. Lateral eyes without cornea and clearly defined lens (only a small roundish knob). Frontal process well developed, much longer than wider, with blunt, reborded apex.

Sternum (Fig 1B). Tri-segmented, all pieces weakly sclerotized. Tritosternum with a round basis and projected anteriorly in a small blunt tubercle, which reaches the base of the chelicerae, with 2 apical, 2 median and 2 basal setae. Middle piece rounded, convex, with 2 setae. Third piece rounded and convex, subequal to the middle piece, with two setae. Sternites separated from each other by the diameter of the middle piece.

Abdomen (Fig 1A). Oblong, with almost indistinguishable punctuations, finer than that on the carapace.

Chelicera (Fig 2A). Cheliceral furrow with 4 internal teeth; first tooth bifid, Ia slightly bigger than Ib. Second and third teeth subequal. Fourth tooth twice as long as the others and stouter. Teeth length: IV>Ia>Ib = II>III. Claw with 6 denticles, the basal larger.

Pedipalp. Trochanter (Fig 1D and 1E): large ventral apophysis on the posterior border of the article, spiniform, bearing seven large setae, and with a blunt tip pointed forwards; two subequal spines, one at the median third and the other at the distal tip of the prolateral face. Femur (Fig 1D and 1E): 3–4 dorsal spines (I>II>III>IV) with two prominent setiferous tubercle before the first spine; 4 ventral spines (main series) with one small accessory spine before the first, this the same size of spine IV (I>II>III>IV). Tibia (Fig 1D and 1E): dorsal main series with three spines (I>II>III); small accessory spine before the first spine; spine II two thirds spine I and spine III one third the size spine I. Spine I with a setiferous tubercle on its first third. 2 ventral spines, the proximal two thirds the distal. Basitarsus (Fig 1C, 1D and 1E): 2 dorsal spines, the basal 2/3 the distal. 1 ventral spine at the distal half, subequal to the dorsal basal spine. Distitarsus (Fig 1C): with 2 large curved spines, the distal half the size of the article, and the basal half distal spine. Cleaning organ about ½ the article length. Claw (Fig 1C): long, with an acute, curved tip.

Legs. All setose. Ventral corner of the prolateral face of femora II-IV projecting in a distinct spiniform process. Femur length I>III>IV>II. Tibia I with 23 articles. Tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) I with 37–39 articles. Leg IV: Basitibia: divided into 2 pseudo-articles, with one trichobothrium on both pseudo-segments; the trichobothrium of the proximal pseudo-article is between the median and the distal third; the trichobothrium of the distal pseudo-article is on the basal third. Distitibia (Fig 3A): 3 basal and 13 distal trichobothria (total of 16); trichobothrium bc half way to bf and sbf. Basitibia-distitibia length DT>BT1>BT2.

Measurements. Female (n = 3): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.1 mm (2.0–2.3), Width: 2.9 mm (2.8–3.0). Abdomen: 2.6 mm (3.1–4.0). Pedipalp: Femur 1.9 mm (1.5–2.1), Tibia 1.2 mm (1.6–2.2), Basitarsus 0.9 mm (0.7–1), Distitarsus 0.7 mm (0.6–0.7), Tarsal claw 0.5 mm (0.4–0.6).

Color pattern (in alcohol). Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace yellowish-brown. Legs light yellowish-brown. Abdomen pale yellow. Color of live animals unknown.

Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha (MZUSP, SP, BR), in recognition of his contribution to arachnology.

Type material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Presidente Figueiredo, Gruta Areia Branca (Areia Branca cave), 23-31.viii.2003, R. Pinto-da-Rocha leg. (1 Female, MZSP 22036). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Presidente Figueiredo, Gruta Areia Branca (Areia Branca cave) (3 females, MZSP 22036); Gruta dos Animais (Animais cave), 23-31.viii.2003, R. Pinto-da-Rocha leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 22049; 1 female and 1 male, MZSP 22063).

Diagnosis. Absent median eyes and tubercle; weakly developed and pale lateral eyes; small and rounded meta and mesosternum; small basal spine of pedipalp distitarsus, ¼ the distal spine length; pedipalp almost perpendicular to the body, similar to that of Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921; basitibia of leg IV divided in two pseudo articles; trichobothria of basitibia IV (bt) on the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria; equidistant basal trichobothriae of distitibia IV (bf, bc and sbf); yellowish-brown body color; cushion-like gonopods without projections and with internal seminal receptacles; gonopods very similar to that of Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (described below), but the pedipalp proportions and the size of the pedipalp articles are larger in C. ricardoi sp. n.

Description. Carapace (Fig 5A): flattened, wider than long, with an anterior depression in place of the absent median eye tubercle; from this depression starts a thin median furrow that reaches around the posterior area of the pair of lateral hump situated behind the lateral eye spots. Anterior margin with 5 to 7 small setae. Lateral eyes reduced to a small, whitish spot. Frontal process well developed, much longer than larger, with blunt, reborded apex.

Chelicera. Cheliceral furrow (Fig 2B) with 4 internal teeth, the distal one short (almost the size of the second and third teeth) and bifid; the first cusp (1a) bigger than the second (1b). Fourth twice as long as the others and stouter. Teeth length: IV>Ia>Ib = II>III. Claw with 5 denticles, decreasing in size from the basal to the distal region.

Pedipalp. Trochanter (Fig 5D and 5E): large ventral apophysis, in the posterior border of the article, spiniform, bearing many strong setae, and with a blunt tip pointed forwards; 2 subequal spines, one on the medial third and the other on the distal tip of the prolateral face. Femur (Fig 5D and 5E): 3 dorsal spines decreasing in size from basal to distal; some specimens have a small fourth spine; each spine is 1/3 the size of the following (I>II>III); two prominent setiferous tubercle before the first spine; 4 ventral spines (I>II>III>IV) with similar sizes of the dorsal ones. Tibia (Fig 5D and 5E): dorsal main series with 3 spines (I>II>III); third is half the size of the second, and second is 2/3 the first; one accessory spine before the first, and no accessory spine after the third one, where is placed a small setiferous tubercle; 2 ventral spines, being the proximal half the distal. Basitarsus (Fig 5C, 5D and 5E): 2 dorsal spines, the basal half the size of the distal. 1 ventral spine at the distal half, 2/3 the size of the distal dorsal spine. Distitarsus (Fig 5C): 2 curved spines well developed, the distal half the size of the article and the basal 1/4 the size of the distal. Cleaning organ about ½ the article length. Claw (Fig 5C): long, with an acute, curved tip.

Legs. Same as C. brescoviti sp. n.. Femur length I>III>IV>II. Tibia I with 21 articles (one specimen with 23). Tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) I with 37 articles. Leg IV: Basitibia: divided into 2 pseudo-articles, with one trichobothrium in the middle of the proximal pseudo-article, and one trichobothrium in the base of the last pseudo-article. Distitibia (Fig 3B): 3 basal and 13 distal trichobothria (total of 16) trichobothrium bc mid-way to bf and sbf. Basitibia-distitibia length BT1>DT>BT3 = BT4>BT2. Basitarsus/distitarsus ratio 7/4, distitarsus tetramerous.

Measurements. Female (n = 3): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.61 mm (2.42–2.73), Width: 2.26 mm (2.67–3.80). Abdomen: 4.67 mm (4.4–5.0). Pedipalp: Femur: 2.30 mm (2.13–2.42), Tibia 2.29 mm (2.25–2.35), Basitarsus 2.20 mm (1.08–1.30), Distitarsus 0.87 mm (0.83–0.92), Tarsal claw 0.76 mm (0.71–0.85).

Color pattern (in alcohol). Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace yellowish. Legs lighter colored. Abdomen pale yellow. Live animals have similar color to the preserved ones.

Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Alexandre Bragio Bonaldo (Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, PA, BR), in recognition of his contribution to arachnology.

Type material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Pará: Benevides, 18.i.2002, D.R.S., Souza & A. C. Souza (Female with eggs, MPEG AMB 061). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Pará: Benevides, 18.i.2002, D.R.S., Souza & A. C. Souza (5 Female, MPEG AMB 061); 06.xi.2001, D.R.S., Souza & A. C. Souza (1 Female and 3 juveniles, MPEG 061); 06.xi.2001, D.R.S., Souza & A. C. Souza (1 female, MPEG 060); 06.xi.2001, D.R.S., Souza & A. C. Souza (1 Female, MNRJ 09250).

Diagnosis. Absent median eyes and tubercle; weakly developed and pale lateral eyes; small and rounded meta and mesosternum; small basal spine of pedipalp distitarsus, ¼ the length of the distal; pedipalp almost perpendicular to body, similar to that of C. ricardoi sp. n. and Paracharon caecus; basitibia of leg IV divided in two pseudo articles; trichobothria of basitibia IV (bt) at the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria; trichobothriae bc and sbf closer to each other than to bf; light brown body color; cushion-like gonopods without projections and with internal seminal receptacles.

Description. Carapace (Fig 6A): flattened, wider than long (ratio a little over 4/5), with a depression with two small setae in place of the absent median eye tubercle; from this depression starts a thin median furrow that reaches around the posterior area of the pair of lateral hump situated behind the lateral eye spots. Anterior margin with 5–7 small setae. Lateral eyes slightly reduced to a small, whitish spot. Frontal process well developed, much longer than larger, with blunt, reborded apex.

Sternum (Fig 6B and 6C). Tri-segmented. Tritosternum with a round basis and projected anteriorly in a small blunt tubercle, with 2 apical, 2 median and 2 basal setae. Middle piece rounded, convex, with 2 setae and a few setulae; the setiferous tubercles are high, which gives an “M” shape to the middle piece. Third piece also rounded and convex, subequal to the middle piece and with two setae. Sternites separated from each other by the diameter of the middle piece.

Abdomen (Fig 6A and 6B). Oblong, with almost indistinguishable punctuations, finer than in the carapace. Abdomen concave due to the presence of egg sac present.

Chelicera. Cheliceral furrow (Fig 2C) with 4 internal teeth, the distal bifid, the first cusp bigger than the second. Fourth twice as long the others and much stouter. Teeth length (from tip to basis) IV>Ia>Ib = II>III. Claw with 4 denticles, decreasing from the base to the distal part.

Pedipalp. Trochanter (Fig 6E and 6F): large ventral apophysis, at the posterior border of the article, spiniform, bearing strong setae and with a blunt tip pointed forwards, and 2 subequal spines, one at the median third and the other at the distal tip of the prolateral face. Femur (Fig 6E and 6F): 3 dorsal spines decreasing in size from basal to distal; the third spine half the second and three times smaller than last (I>II>III); two prominent setiferous tubercle before the first spine; 3 ventral spines (I>II>III) with similar sizes to the dorsal. Tibia (Fig 6E and 6F): main series with three spines (I>II>III); third half the size of the second, and second 2/3 the first; small accessory spine before the first spine and no small accessory spine after the third, instead a small setiferous tubercle is present; 2 ventral spines, the proximal half the size of the distal. Basitarsus (Fig 6D, 6E and 6F): 2 dorsal spines, the basal half the size of the distal. 1 ventral spine at the distal half, 2/3 the size of the distal dorsal spine. Distitarsus (Fig 6D): with 2 well developed curved spines, the distal half the size of the article, and the basal 1/3 the size of the distal. Cleaning organ about ½ the article length. Claw (Fig 6D): long, with an acute, curved tip.

Legs. Same as C. brescoviti sp. n. Femur length I>III>IV>II. Tibia I with 21 articles. Tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) I with 37 articles. Leg IV: Basitibia: 2 pseudo-articles, with one basal trichobothrium at the last pseudo-article. Distitibia (Fig 3C): 3 basal and 13 distal trichobothria (total of 16); trichobothrium bc closer to sbf than to bf. Basitibia-distitibia length BT1>DT>BT3 = BT4>BT2. Basitarsus/distitarsus ratio 7/4, distitarsus tetramerous.

Measurements. Females (n = 4): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.58 mm (2.30–2.77), Width: 3.31 mm (2.78–3.70). Abdomen: 4.07 mm (3.70–4.42). Pedipalp: Femur 1.57 mm (1.2–1,77). Tibia 1.63 mm (1.30–2.14), Basitarsus 0.97 mm (0.89–1.24), Distitarsus 0.66 mm (0.54–0.84), Tarsal claw 0.57 mm (0.52–0.61).

Color Pattern (in alcohol). Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace yellowish. Legs lighter colored. Abdomen pale yellow. Live animals have color unknown.

Genitalia. Female gonopods (Fig 4C) cushion-like, without lateral projections, and without sclerotized parts; atrium opened, with internal seminal receptacles, and several glandular openings; wall of the gonopods with an inflated aspect; similar to the gonopod of C. ricardoi sp. n..

Etymology. This species is named after the arachnologist José Augusto Pereira Barreiros, nicknamed Guto (in memoriam), who collected some of the specimens of the type series.

Type material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Pará: Belém, Bosque Rodrigues Alves, 27.x.2002, R. Pinto-da-Rocha leg. (female, MZSP 48146). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Pará: Belém, Bosque Rodrigues Alves, 27.x.2002, R. Pinto-da-Rocha leg. (3 females, MZSP 48146); 27.x.2002, R. Pinto-da-Rocha leg. (1 female, MNRJ 09188); 08-XI-2001, J.A.P Barreirros (1 female juvenile, MPEG 059); 08.xi.2001, J.A.P Barreirros (1 female, MNRJ 09202); 08.iv.2001, A.B. Bonaldo et al. leg. (1 female, MPEG 037); 08.iv.2001, A.B. Bonaldo et al. leg. (1 female, MPEG 038).

Diagnosis. Absent median eyes and tubercle; well-developed lateral eyes, but pale; small and rounded meta and mesosternum; small basal spine of the distitarsus of the pedipalp, ¼ the length of the distal; tibia I with 21 articles in the and tarsus with 37; basitibia of leg IV divided in three pseudo articles; trichobothria of the basitibia IV (bt) at the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 14 trichobothria; equidistant basal trichobothriae of distitibia IV (bf, bc and sbf); light brown body color; cushion-like gonopods with lateral projections directed backwards covering the aperture of the internal seminal receptacles.

Description. Carapace (Fig 7A): flattened, wider than long, with an anterior depression in place of the absent median eye tubercle, from which starts a thin median furrow that reaches around the posterior area of the pair of lateral hump, situated behind the lateral eye spots. Anterior margin with 6 small setae. Many tiny punctuations, more abundant in the frontal area. Punctuations arranged in lines and spots, irradiating from the fovea and interspersed with glabrous areas. Three pairs of deep furrows, and a very rectangular deep fovea. First pair of furrows just behind the lateral boss not reaching the middle line. 4 lateral pairs of depressions (first one placed over the 1st pair of furrows). Lateral eyes well developed. Frontal process well developed, much longer than larger, with blunt, reborded apex.

Chelicera (Fig 2D). Cheliceral furrow with 4 internal teeth, the distal one bifid, the first cusp bigger than the second one. Fourth twice as long as the others and much stouter. Teeth length: IV>Ia>Ib = II>III. Claw with 5 denticles, decreasing in size.

Pedipalp. Trochanter (Fig 7D and 7E): ventral apophysis large, at the posterior border of the article, spiniform, bearing many strong setae, with a blunt tip pointed forwards, and 2 subequal spines, one at the median third and the other at the distal tip of the prolateral face. Femur (Fig 7D and 7E): 3 dorsal spines decreasing in size from proximal to distal; two small setiferous tubercle before spine I; 3 ventral spines (some specimens with 4), same relation of size as the dorsal, slightly larger than the dorsal. Tibia (Fig 7D and 7E): 3 dorsal spines (III>II>I). Spine II 1/3 spine I; spine III 2/3 II. 1 small setiferous tubercle closes to spine I, and one after spine III. 2 ventral spines, basal 1/3 the distal. Basitarsus (Fig 7C, 7D and 7E): 2 dorsal spines, basal ½ the distal. 1 ventral spine at the distal half, slightly bigger than the basal dorsal. Distitarsus (Fig 7C): long, with 2 curved spines, basal ½ distal. Cleaning organ about ½ the article length. Claw (Fig 7C): long, with an acute, curved tip.

Legs. Same as C. brescoviti sp. n. Femur length I>III>IV>II. Tibia I with 21 articles. Tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) I with 37 articles. Leg IV: Basitibia: 3 pseudo-articles, one distal trichobothrium on the proximal pseudo-article, and 1 basal trichobothrium on the distal pseudo-article. Distitibia (Fig 3D): 3 basal and 13 distal trichobothria; bc is equidistant to bf and sbf (Fig 3D). Basitibia-distitibia length BT1>DT>BT3 = BT4>BT2. Basitarsus/distitarsus ratio 7/4, distitarsus tetramerous.

Measurements. Females (n = 3): Cephalothorax: Length: 1.887 mm (1.73–2.13), Width: 2.47 mm (2.35–2.61). Abdomen: 4.06 mm (3.7–4.5). Pedipalp: Femur 1.13 mm (1.09–1.17), Tibia 1.09 mm (1.04–1.13), Basitarsus 0.68 mm (0.64–0.72), Distitarsus 0.45 mm (0.43–0.48), Tarsal claw 0.37 mm (0.36–0.38).

Color Pattern (in alcohol). Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace yellowish. Legs lighter colored. Abdomen pale yellow. Live animals with color pattern similar to the preserved specimens.

Genitalia (Fig 4D). Female gonopods cushion-like, with lateral projections directed backwards, covering almost entirely the atrium opening; projections (claws) not sclerotized, wide, and with a blunt apex, as in C. vulgaris (see Miranda and Giupponi [7]).

Etymology. This species is named after the mountain range where the species inhabits ("Serra Carajá", Caraja mountains). The name also refers to the important indigenous group called karajas or iny mahãdu, that occupy the region of the rivers Araguaia and Javaés in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Tocantins and Pará, Brazil.

Material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Pará, Serra de Carajás, Gruta N4E-14 AF Flona Carajás, PA 592935mE / 9332514mN SAD’69, 7-12.x.2008 Andrade et al. leg. (1 female and 1 juvenile, MZSP 29136)

Paratype. BRAZIL: Pará, Serra de Carajás, FLONA de Carajás: Gruta N4E-22, 592107mE/9332976mN SAD’ 69, 7-12.x.2008 (1 male, MZSP 29126); Gruta N4E-95 59308mE/9332318mN SAD’ 69, 7-12.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 male, MZUSP 29127); Gruta N5S, 3-13.v.2005, Andrade & Arnoni leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 28286); Gruta N4WS 15, 20.x.2006, Andrade et al. leg. (2 juveniles, MZSP 28292); Gruta N4E 33, 08-12.ii.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (2 juveniles, MZSP 28290); Gruta N5E 03 (nova 07), 22.iii2-03.iv, Andrade & Arnoni leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 28281); Gruta N5S 01, 3-13.v.2005, Andrade & Arnoni leg. (1juvenile, MZSP 28285); Gruta N4E 21, 20.x-01.xi.2006, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 28288); Gruta N4E 10 20.x-01.xi.2006, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 28287); Gruta N5E 05 (nova 04), 22.iii-03.iv.2005, Andrade & Arnoni leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 28283); Gruta N4E 22, 20.x-01.xi.2006, Andrade et al. col (2 juvenile, MZSP 28289); Gruta N5E 04 (nova 06), 22.iii-03.iv.2005, Andrade & Arnoni leg. (3 juvenile, MZSP 28282); Parauapebas, Projeto N5S, Morro I, Cav. GEM, 1782 (Est. Seca), 28.ii.2011,CARSTE leg. (1 male and 2 female, ISLA 3897); MII GEM 1722 EU (1 female, ISLA 3892), MII GEM 1755EU (1 male and 1 female, ISLA 3890); Gruta N4WS8 CL 589108mE/9326836mN SAD’ 69, 7-12.x-2008 (2 female, 1 male and 2 juvenile, MNRJ 09270, ex MZUSP 29132).

Addional material. Gruta N4E 61, FONA Carajás, PA, 08-12.ii.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (1 female and 3 juveniles, MZSP 28291); Gruta GEM15170, AF Tarzan, Carajás, PA 598042mE / 930054mN SAD’69 17-24.x.08, Andrade et al leg. (1 male and 3 juveniles, MZSP 29121); Gruta N5E 11 (nova 21), carajás, PA, 22.iii-03.iv.2005, Andrade & Arnoni leg. (1 female, MZSP 28284); Gruta GEM 1564 CL Tarzan, Carajás, PA, 599908mE/9301572mN SAD’69, 17-24.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 male, MZSP 29120); Gruta N4E-33 AF Flona Carajás, PA, 592939mE / 9332222mN SAD’69 7-12.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 male, MZSP 29125); Gruta N4WS8 AF Flona Carajás, PA 589108mE / 9326836mN SAD’69, 7-12.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29137); Gruta N5S8 CL FLona Carajás, PA, 596003mE / 9325922mN SAD’69 7-12.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 male, MZSP 21131); Gruta N1-15, Mangangá; FLONA Carajás, PA, 28.ix-03.x.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (1 female, MZSP 29116); Gruta N1-15, mangangá, FLONA Carajás, PA, 28.ix-03.x.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29115); Gruta N4E-08 CL, Flona Carajas, PA, 592957mE / 9332412mN SAD’69, 7-12.x.2008 Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29134); Gruta N1-64 Amailton, FLONA Carajás, PA, 28.ix-03.x.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (1 female, MZSP 29114); Gruta N4E-61 AF Flona Carajás, PA, 592130mE / 9332403mN SAD’69 7-21.x.2008 Andrade et al. leg. (1 male, MZSP 29135); Gruta N4E-26 CL Flona Carajás, PA, 592154mE / 9332602mN SAD’69, 7-12.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 male, MZSP 29128); Gruta N4E-10 AF, Flona Carajás, PA 592889mE / 9332420mN SAD’69 7-12.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29129); Gruta N4E-22 AF Flona Carajás, PA, 592107mE / 9332976mN SAD’69 7–12..x.2008 (1 juvenile, MZSP 29133); Gruta N1-25, Três Mosqueteiras, FLONA Carajás, PA, 28.ix-03.x.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29113); Gruta n5S21 AF Flona Carajás, PA, 596716mE / 9327033mN SAD’69 7-12.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29130); Gruta GEM 1590 CL Tarzan, Carajás, PA, 59891mE / 9301870mN SAD’69, 17-24.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29123)

Diagnosis. Median and lateral eyes present, but median tubercle and lateral eyes strongly reduced; small and rounded meta and mesosternum; reduced tritosternun, slightly surpassing the base of the pedipalp coxae; dorsal femur with four spines; small basal spine of pedipalp distitarsus, ¼ the length of the distal; tibia I with 23 articles and tarsus with 42; basitibia of leg IV divided in three pseudo articles; trichobothria of basitibia IV (bt) at the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria; equidistant basal trichobothriae of distitibia IV (bf, bc and sbf); pale yellow body color; cushion-like female gonopod with lateral projections directed backwards covering all the opening of the internal seminal receptacles (atrium); male gonopods with long, curved and wrinkled medial lobes; lateral lobes fimbriated; dorsal lobe surpassing the length of all other lobes and with elevated scales; secondary sexual dimorphism present, males with larger pedipalps, circa of two times the size of the female.

Description. Carapace (Fig 8A and 8B): flattened, wider than long; lateral and median eyes are reduced; median eye tubercle inside a trapezoid depression; individuals preserved in alcohol with a black spot under the median eyes tubercle. From the depression of the median eyes starts a thin median furrow that reaches around the posterior area of the pair of lateral hump situated behind the lateral eye spots. Anterior margin with 5 to 7 small setae. Frontal process well developed, much longer than larger, with blunt, rounded apex.

Sternum (Fig 8C). Tri-segmented. Tritosternum with a round basis and projected anteriorly in a small blunt tubercle that reach the basis of the pedipalp coxa, with 2 apical, 2 median and 2 basal setae. Middle piece rounded, convex, with 2 setae and a few setulae. Third piece also rounded and convex, subequal to the middle piece, and with two setae. Sternites separated from each other by the diameter of the middle piece.

Chelicera (Fig 2E). Cheliceral furrow with 4 internal teeth, the distal one bifid, the first cusp bigger than the second one. Fourth twice as long than the others and much stouter. Teeth length (from tip to basis) IV>Ia>Ib>III>II. Claw with 6 denticles, decreasing from the base to the distal part.

Pedipalp. Trochanter (Fig 8E and 8F): large distal, spiniform, ventral apophysis, bearing many strong setae and with a blunt tip pointed forwards, and 2 subequal spines, one at the median third and the other at the distal tip of the prolateral face. Femur (Fig 8E and 8F): 4 dorsal spines decreasing in size from basal to distal; first and second spines are subequal and the third is 2/3 the first (I>II>III); before the first spine, two prominent setiferous tubercle; 3 ventral spines (I>II>III) decreasing in size from proximal to distal; a fourth distal smaller spine is and a basal accessory spine before the first (slightly smaller than third) is present in some specimens. Tibia (Fig 8E and 8F): main series with 3 spines (I>II>III); in some specimens a small accessory spine after the third can be counted; third spine is 2/3 the second and the second is slightly smaller than the first; small accessory spine before the first spine; 3 ventral spines decreasing in size, the second and third 2/3 smaller than the following. Basitarsus (Fig 8D, 8E and 8F): 2 dorsal spines, the basal 2/3 the distal. 1 apical ventral spine, slightly smaller than the basal dorsal spine. Distitarsus (Fig 8D): with 2 well developed curved spines, the basal 1/3 the distal. Cleaning organ about ½ the article length. Claw (Fig 8D): long, with an acute, curved tip.

Legs. Same as C. brescoviti sp. n.. Femur length I>III>IV>II. Tibia I with 23 articles. Tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) I with 42 articles. Leg IV: Basitibia: 3 pseudo-articles, one trichobothrium at the limit of the basal and medial third of the basal pseudo-article, and another trichobothrium at the distal pseudo-article. Distitibia (Fig 3E): 3 basal and 13 distal trichobothria (total of 16); trichobothrium bc is little bit closer to sbf than to bf. Basitibia-distitibia length BT1>DT>BT3 = BT4>BT2. Basitarsus/distitarsus ratio 7/4, distitarsus tetramerous.

Measurements. Males (n = 2): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.49 mm (2.40–2.57), Width: 3.69 mm (3.6–3.79). Abdomen: 4.05 mm (3.65–4.46). Pedipalp: Femur 3.30 mm (2.61–4.0), Tibia 3.29 mm (2.72–3.85), Basitarsus 1.13 mm (0.84–1.43), Distitarsus 0.80 mm (0.74-.86), Tarsal claw 0.68 mm (0.65–0.71). Females (n = 1): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.38 mm, Width: 3.23 mm. Abdomen: 3.35 mm. Pedipalp: Femur 2.29 mm, Tibia 3.33 mm, Basitarsus 1.25 mm, Distitarsus 0.85 mm, Tarsal claw 0.75 mm.

Color Pattern (in alcohol). Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace yellowish. Legs lighter colored. Abdomen pale yellow. Color of live animals have are unknown.

Genitalia. Female gonopods (Fig 4E) cushion-like, with lateral projections directed backwards, covering completely the atrium opening; projections (claws) not sclerotized, wide, and with a rhombus apex, as in C. guto sp. n. and C. vulgaris (see Miranda & Giupponi, 2011). Male gonopods (Fig 4G) fistula with smooth tegument; medial lobes long, curved and wrinkled; median lamella integument wrinkled; dorsal lobe with erected projections, some acute and others straight (like a row of shark teeth); LoL2 fimbriated; LoL 1 covered with microvili; PI with large longitudinal folds.

Etymology. The species name derives from the Latin orientem, which means east, referring to the name of the mountain range where the cave this species inhabits is located ("Serra Leste", east mountains).

Type material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Pará: Curionópolis, Projeto Serra Leste, Caverna SL-82 (Estação Seca), 07.vii.2010, Carste leg. (Female, MNRJ 09249). Paratype: BRAZIL: Pará: Serra do Leste, Flona de Carajás, 651411 mE / 9339212 mN SAD´69, 17-24/x/2008, Andrade et al. leg. (2 Females MZSP 29118); Curionópolis, Projeto Serra do Leste, Caverna SL-82 (Estação Seca), 07.vii.2010, Carste leg., (Female, MNRJ 09249); Curionópolis, Projeto Serra Leste, Caverna SL-82 (Estação Seca), 07.vii.2010, Carste leg. (3 Females and 2 Juveniles ISLA 3893); Flona Carajás, Gruta SL-75 CL, 651425 mE / 9340462 mN SAD´69, 17-24.x.08, Andrade et al leg. (Juvenile female, MZSP 29119); Flona Carajás, Gruta SL-82 CL, 650866 mE / 9341226 mN SAD´69 17-24.x.08 Andrade et al leg. (3 Females and 1 Juvenile female, MZSP 29124).

Diagnosis. Median and lateral eyes present, but strongly reduced median tubercle and lateral eyes (as in C. carajas sp. n.); median tubercle inside a depression; small and rounded meta and mesosternum; weakly sclerotized border of the sternum; pedipalp dorsal femur with three spines; basal spine of pedipalp distitarsus circa of ¼ the length of the distal; tibia I with 21 articles and tarsus I with 37; basitibia IV divided in three pseudo articles; trichobothria of basitibia IV (bt) at the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria; equidistant basal trichobothriae of distitibia IV (bf, bc and sbf); pale yellow body color; cushion-like female gonopod with lateral projections directed backwards covering all the opening of the internal seminal receptacles (atrium).

Description. Carapace (Fig 9A): flattened, wider than long (ratio a little over 4/5) with an anterior depression with a slight elevation in its interior with two small setae (in place of the absent median eye tubercle). From this depression starts a thin median furrow that reaches around the posterior area of the pair of lateral hump situated behind the lateral eye spots. Anterior margin with 5 to 7 small setae. Median eyes absent. Lateral eyes slightly reduced to a small, whitish spot. Frontal process well developed, much longer than larger, with blunt, reborded apex.

Sternum (Fig 9B). Tri-segmented. Tritosternum with a round basis and projected anteriorly in a small blunt tubercle, with 2 apical, 2 median and 2 basal setae. Middle piece rounded, convex, with 2 setae and a few setulae; the setiferous tubercles are elevated giving an “M” shape to the piece. Third piece also rounded and convex, subequal to the middle piece and with two setae. Sternites separated from each other by the diameter of the middle piece.

Chelicera (Fig 2F). Cheliceral furrow with 4 internal teeth, the distal one bifid, the first cusp bigger than the second. Fourth tooth twice as long as the others and much stouter. Teeth length (from tip to basis) IV>Ia>Ib = II>III. Claw with 4 denticles, decreasing from the base to the distal part.

Pedipalp. Trochanter (Fig 9D and 9E): large distal, spiniform, ventral apophysis, bearing many strong setae and with a blunt tip pointed forwards;2 subequal spines, one at the median third and the other at the distal tip of the prolateral face. Femur (Fig 9D and 9E): 3 dorsal spines decreasing in size from basal to distal; the third spine is half the second and three times smaller the first (I>II>III); before the first spine two prominent setiferous tubercle are present; 3 ventral spines (I>II>III) of similar sizes to the dorsal. Tibia (Fig 9D and 9E): main series with three spines (I>II>III); third half the size of the second and second 2/3 the first; small accessory spine before the first spine and no small accessory spine after the third spine, just of small setiferous tubercle is present; 2 ventral spines, the proximal half the distal. Basitarsus (Fig 9C): 2 dorsal spines, the basal half the size of the distal. 1 ventral spine at the distal half, 2/3 to the distal dorsal spine. Distitarsus (Fig 9C): with 2 curved well developed spines, the distal half the size of the article and the basal 1/3 the size of the distal. Cleaning organ about ½ the article length. Claw (Fig 9C): long, with an acute, curved tip.

Legs. Same as C. brescoviti sp. n. Femur length I>III>IV>II. Tibia I with 21 articles. Tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) I with 37 articles. Leg IV: Basitibia: 3 pseudo-articles, one basal trichobothrium at the last pseudo-article. Distitibia (Fig 3F): 3 basal and 13 distal trichobothria (total of 16). Basitibia-distitibia length BT1>DT>BT3 = BT4>BT2. Basitarsus/distitarsus ratio 7/4, distitarsus tetramerous.

Measurements. Females (n = 4): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.14 mm (1.87–2.43), Width: 2.92 mm (2.87–3,09). Abdomen: 3.10 mm (1.57–4.35). Pedipalp: Femur 1.73 mm (1.65–1.96), Tibia 1.72 mm (1.55–1.96), Basitarsus 0.82 mm (0.68–0.93), Distitarsus 0.65 mm (0.53–0.72), Tarsal claw 0.55 mm (0.52–0.58).

Color Pattern (in alcohol). Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace yellowish. Legs lighter colored. Abdomen pale yellow. Unknown color of live specimens.

Etymology. The species name derives from Latin ferrum, referring to the iron ore cave from where this species were collected dwells.

Type Material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Pará: Serra de Carajás, FLONA de Carajás, Gruta S11 D64, 23.vii-02.ix.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (Female, MZSP 29104). Paratype: BRAZIL: Pará, Serra de Carajás, FLONA de Carajás, Gruta S11 D78, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., afotic. (1 female, MZUSP 29102); Gruta S11 A03, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., claro. (1 female, MZUSP 29103); Gruta S11 D64, 23.vii-02.ix.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (2 juvenile male and 2 juvenile female, MZSP 29104); Gruta S11 C27, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., claro. (2 juv, MZUSP 29105); Gruta S11 D39, 23.vii-02.ix.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (1 male and 1 juvenile, MZSP 29106); Gruta S11 D64, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., afotic. (1 female and 1 juvenile, MZUSP 29107); Gruta S11 B11, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., aphotic. (1 female, MZUSP 29108); Gruta S11 B11, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., claro. (1 juv, MZUSP 29109); Gruta S11 A05, 23.vii-02.ix.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (3 juvenile female, MZSP 29110). Gruta S11 D39, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. col., claro. (1 female and 1 juv, MZUSP 29111); Gruta S11 A07, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., claro (1 juvenile, MZUSP 29112).

Diagnosis. Absent median eyes and tubercle; weakly developed and pale lateral eyes; small and rounded meta and mesosternum; reduced tritosternun, slightly surpassing the base of the pedipalp coxa; dorsal femur with three spines; subequal spines of pedipalp basitarsus; basal spine of pedipalp distitarsus large, circa of 2/3 the length of the distal; leg tibia I with 21 articles and tarsus I with 37; basitibia IV divided in three pseudo articles; trichobothria of the basitibia IV (bt) at the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria; basal trichobothriae of distitibia IV bc and sbf closer to each other than to bf; pale yellow body color; male gonopod with long, curved and wrinkled medial lobes; lateral lobe fimbriated; median lobe surpassing the lateral and dorsal lobes.

Description. Carapace (Fig 10A): flattened, wider than long with an anterior depression in place of the absent median eye tubercle. From this depression starts a thin median furrow that reaches around the posterior area of the pair of lateral hump situated behind the lateral eye spots. Anterior margin with 6 small setae. Lateral eyes reduced to small rounded spots. Frontal process well developed, much longer than larger, with a rhombus apex.

Sternum (Fig 10C). Tri-segmented. Tritosternum with a round basis and projected anteriorly in a small blunt tubercle, with 2 apical, 2 median and 2 basal setae. Midian and basal piece are reduced. Sternites separated from each other by the diameter of the middle piece.

Chelicera (Fig 2G). Cheliceral furrow with 4 internal teeth, the distal bifid, the first cusp bigger than the second. Fourth tooth twice as long as the others and much stouter. Teeth length (from tip to basis) IV>Ia>Ib = II>III. Claw with 7 subequal rhombus denticles.

Pedipalp. Trochanter (Fig 10E and 10F): large distal, spiniform, ventral apophysis bearing many strong setae and with a blunt tip pointed forwards, and 2 subequal spines, one at the median third and the other at the distal tip of the prolateral face. Femur (Fig 10E and 10F): 3 dorsal spines decreasing in size from basal to distal (I>II>III); each 2/3 the size of the following; before the first spine two prominent setiferous tubercle, distant from each other, and at the same line of the main series of spines; 3 ventral spines (I>II>III) bigger than dorsal. Tibia (Fig 10E and 10F): main series with 3 spines (I>II>III); third 2/3 the second, which is 2/3 the first; small accessory spine before the first spine and one accessory spine after the third spine; 2 ventral spines, the proximal 2/3 the distal. Basitarsus (Fig 10D): 2 dorsal well developed spines, the distal the size of the article and the basal slightly smaller the distal. One ventral spine, at the distal half, 1/2 the basal dorsal spine. Distitarsus (Fig 10D): with 2 well developed curved spines, the distal bent; the basal 2/3 the distal. Cleaning organ about ½ the article length. Claw (Fig 10D): long, with an acute, curved tip.

Legs. Same as C. brescoviti sp. n. Femur length I>III>IV>II. Tibia I with 21 articles. Tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) I with 37 articles. Leg IV: Basitibia: 3 pseudo-articles, one medial trichobothrium at the last pseudo-article and one on the proximal pseudo-article. Distitibia (Fig 3G): 3 basal and 13 distal trichobothria (total of 16); two bc trichobothria, both closer to sbf than to bf. Basitibia-distitibia length BT1>DT>BT3 = BT4>BT2. Basitarsus/distitarsus ratio 7/4, distitarsus tetramerous.

Measurements. Male (n = 1): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.30 mm, Width: 3.04 mm. Abdomen: 3.74 mm. Pedipalp: Femur 1,87 mm, Tibia 1.83 mm, Basitarsus 1.04 mm, Distitarsus 0.70 mm, Tarsal claw 0.52 mm. Females (n = 1): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.54 mm, Width: 3.30 mm. Abdomen: 4.41 mm. Pedipalp: Femur 2.29 mm, Tibia 2.38 mm, Basitarsus 1.2 mm, Distitarsus 0.8 mm, Tarsal claw 0.65 mm.

Color Pattern (in alcohol). Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace pale yellow. Legs same as body. Abdomen pale yellow. Unknown color of live animals.

Genitalia. Male gonopods (Fig 4H):distal border of fistula smooth; integument of median lamella wrinkled; dorsal lobe with erected projections, with the acute or straight apex (resembling shark teeth); LoL2 fimbriated; LoL 1 covered with microvilli. PI surface with large longitudinal folds.

Natural History. Inside iron caves, in a region of Amazonia called “canga”.

Remarks. This species have troglomorphic characters, such as the almost complete absence of eyes. Charinus bichuetteae new species. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 72D4630E-2DF3-49D2-AE7F-1ADEF14F6A5B (Figs 11A–11F, 2H and 3H) PPT PowerPoint slide

PowerPoint slide PNG larger image

larger image TIFF original image Download: Fig 11. A-F. Habitus and details of the sternum and pedipalp of Charinus bichuetteae sp. n. (male holotype, MNRJ 09204). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Young live specimen in the soil in Altamira. C. Sternum; D. Frontal view of the right pedipalp basitiba, distitiba and claw; E. Dorsal view of the right pedipalp; F. Ventral view of the right pedipalp. Scale bars: 1mm. Photo B by Denis Pedroso. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g011

Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Maria Elina Bichuette (UFSCar, SP, BR), in recognition to her contribution to arachnology and cave biology.

Type material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Pará: Gruta do China, Vitória do Xingu, AL 44, 09.vii.2009, Pedroso, D., Pellegatti-Franco, Bichuette, M. E. & Scatolini, T. L. C. leg. (Male holotype, MNRJ 09204). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Pará: Vitória do Xingu, Gruta do China AL 44, 09.vii.2009, Pedroso, D., Pellegatti-Franco, Bichuette, M. E. & Scatolini, T. L. C. leg. (Male, MNRJ 09173); Altamira, Gruta do Sismógrafo, AL 05, 07.vii.2009, Pedroso, D., Pellegatti-Franco, Bichuette, M. E. & Scatolini, T. L. C. leg. (Female and female juvenile, MNRJ 09172); Vitória do Xingu, Paratizão, AL 19, 10.vii.2009, Pedroso, D., Pellegatti-Franco, Bichuette, M. E. & Scatolini, T. L. C. leg. (Female, MNRJ 09174); Altamira, B0103: Caverna Sugiro-Roncador, 2.i.2011, B0026: margem de rio, sob pedra, 3.iv.2011, B0049: Caverna Pedra da Cachoeira, 3.iv.2011, ME Bichuette, J.E. Gallão; D.M. von Schimonsky, DR Pedroso leg. (1 Male and 3 females, MNRJ 09311).

Diagnosis. Absent median eyes and tubercle; well-developed lateral eyes; small and rounded meta and mesosternum, strongly sclerotized; dorsal pedipalp femur with two spines; basal pedipalp distitarsus spine small, ¼ the length of the distal; Leg tibia I with 21 articles and tarsus with 37; basitibia IV divided in two pseudo articles; trichobothria of basitibia IV (bt) at the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria; basal trichobothriae of distitibia IV bc and sbf closer to each other than to bf; pale yellow body color; cushion-like female gonopod with lateral projections directed backwards covering all the opening of the internal seminal receptacles (atrium).

Description. Carapace (Fig 11A): flattened, wider than long (ratio a little over 4/5) with an anterior smooth depression in place of the absent median eye tubercle. From this depression starts a thin median furrow that reaches around the posterior area of the pair of lateral hump, behind the lateral eye spots. Anterior margin with 6 small setae. Median eyes absent. Lateral eyes well developed. Frontal process projected downwards between the chelicerae with an blunt apex.

Sternum (Fig 11C). Tri-segmented. Tritosternum with a round basis and projected anteriorly in a small blunt tubercle, with 2 apical, 2 median and 2 basal setae. Middle piece rounded, convex, with 2 setae and a few setulae; the setiferous tubercles are elevated giving an “M” shape to the piece. Third piece also rounded and convex, subequal to the middle piece and with two setae. Sternites separated from each other by the diameter of the middle piece.

Chelicera (Fig 2H). Cheliceral furrow with 4 internal teeth, the distal one bifid, the first cusp bigger than the second, and the distal slightly larger than half of the first. Teeth length (from tip to basis) I>II = III = IVa<IVb. Claw with 6 denticles, the two first are larger and the rest is subequal.

Pedipalp. Trochanter (Fig 11E and 11F): large distal, spiniform, ventral apophysis, bearing many strong setae and with a blunt tip pointed forwards with a slight curve, and 2 subequal ventral spines, one at the median third and the other at the distal tip; dorsally with one large setiferous tubercle. Femur (Fig 11E and 11F): 2 dorsal spines at the middle of the pedipalp, the basal larger than distal (I>II); before the first spine, two prominent setiferous tubercle; 3 ventral spines (I>II>III). Tibia (Fig 11E and 11F): main series with three spines (I>II>III); the second one third the first and the third two thirds the first; small accessory spine before the first spine and distally a small setiferous tubercle; 2 ventral spines, the basal one third of the first. Basitarsus (Fig 11D): 2 dorsal spines, the basal half the size of the distal. 1 ventral spine at the distal half, half the size of the dorsal. Distitarsus (Fig 11D): with 2 well developed curved spines, the basal one third the distal; distal spine of distitarsus slightly smaller than the distal spine of the basitarsus. Cleaning organ about ½ the article length. Claw (Fig 11D): long, with an acute, curved tip.

Legs. Same as C. brescoviti sp. n. Femur length I>III>IV>II. Tibia I with 21 articles. Tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) I with 37 articles. Leg IV: Basitibia: 2 pseudo-articles, one trichobothrium at the last pseudo-article at the edge of the basal third and median third. Distitibia (Fig 3H): 3 basal and 13 distal trichobothria (total of 16); bc closer to sbf than to bf. Basitibia-distitibia length BT1>DT>BT3 = BT4>BT2. Basitarsus/distitarsus ratio 7/4, distitarsus tetramerous.

Measurements. Males (n = 1): Cephalothorax: Length: 1,65 mm, Width: 2,17 mm. Abdomen: 1,26 mm. Pedipalp: Femur 1.04 mm, Tibia 1.00 mm, Basitarsus 0.62 mm, Distitarsus 0.49 mm, Tarsal claw 0.38 mm. Females (n = 3): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.27 mm (2.17–2.48), Width: 3.20 mm (3.00–3.352). Abdomen: 3.83 mm (3.26–4.04). Pedipalp: Femur 1.77 mm (1.57–1.87), Tibia 1.77 mm (1.61–1. 87), Basitarsus 1.0 mm (0.9–1.1), Distitarsus 0.7 mm (0.7–0.8), Tarsal claw 0.7 mm (0.6–0.7).

Color Pattern (in alcohol). Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace yellowish. Legs lighter colored. Abdomen pale yellow. Color of live have unknown.

Genitalia. Male gonopods: the male is a juvenile with the gonopods not well developed, so it is not described here as it can lead to misinterpretations. Female gonopod: cushion-like, without lateral projections, and with sclerotized parts (border of the atrium); the sclerotized region has small denticles; atrium open, with internal seminal receptacles; wall of the gonopods with an inflated aspect.