A California company recalled about 30,000 pounds of chopped romaine lettuce on Friday, after the Food and Drug Administration tested a sample and found listeria, the bacteria blamed for 15 deaths in an outbreak linked to contaminated melons from Colorado.

True Leaf Farms of San Juan Bautista, Calif., said most of the recalled lettuce was sold to food-service companies that supplied establishments such as restaurants and hospitals. The chopped romaine lettuce was shipped to wholesale food-service distributors in more than...