The growing popularity of raw-food-based diets for dogs could pose an “international public health risk” due to the high levels of numerous drug-resistant bacteria, scientists have warned

Dog foods using raw meats have become increasingly common, with many companies marketing it as a more “natural” way for people to feed their domesticated animals.

But there is increasing controversy regarding their safety, due to some evidence pointing towards their role as vehicles for the transmission of deadly antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

New research, due to be presented at this year’s European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, reveals this raw-type dog food contains high levels of multidrug-resistant bacteria, including those resistant to vital last-line antibiotics.

In the study, carried out by a team from the Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Porto, Portugal, the authors analysed bacteria obtained from processed (both dry and wet types) and non-processed (raw-frozen) foods of the main brands commercialised in Portugal.

Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Show all 19 1 /19 Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Peppi the Puli The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Fox the border collie Fox the border collie. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Banjo the Australian kelpie Banjo the Australian kelpie. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Toby a mixed breed Toby a mixed breed. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Splash the Australian Shepherd Splash the Australian Shepherd. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Urmas the whippet Urmas the whippet. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Aemy the mixed border collie and Harzerfuchs Aemy the mixed border collie and Harzerfuchs. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Pessah the border collie Pessah the border collie. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Paul the border terrier Paul the border terrier. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Tris the border collie Tris the border collie. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Leep and Chester both border collies Leep and Chester both border collies. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Jake the border collie Jake the border collie. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Chester the border collie Chester the border collie. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Jungle the border collie Jungle the border collie. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Peach the border collie Peach the border collie. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Iliade the Australian Shepherd Iliade the Australian Shepherd. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Oz the border collie Oz the border collie. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Fai the border collie Fai the border collie. See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Stunning shots show dogs in mid-flight in the woods Claudio Piccoli with border collie Leep Claudio Piccoli with border collie Leep. . See SWNS copy SWCAwoof: A leaping dog looks just like a fluffy cloud in this extraordinary image which captures it in mid-air. The identity of the thick-coated pooch - from a breed of herding dogs knows as Puli - is only betrayed by the two black eyes emerging from its flying fur. In another photo a small dog with its ears poking up is caught focusing as he hurls over a branch in woodland. Two border collie pals are also pictured making the leap of faith together. The images of the dogs jumping in mid air were taken by Italian photographer Claudio Piccoli, 48. Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com Claudio Piccoli / SWNS.com

The foods included 46 samples (22 wet, 15 dry, 9 raw-frozen) from 24 international brands, sourced from 8 supermarkets and one veterinary clinic.

Raw-frozen samples were mainly constituted of salmon, chicken, turkey, calf, deer or duck, being a mixture of different meat types, fruits and vegetables.

The bacterial samples were cultured and then tested with a range of antibiotics.

The harmful bacteria Enterococci were identified in 19/46 (41 per cent) of the samples. They were found in eight of 15 (53 per cent) in the dry foods; 2 of 22 (9 per cent) of the wet samples, and 9 of 9 (100 per cent) in the raw-frozen samples, and identified as the Enterococcus species E. faecium, E. faecalis or other species.

Across the nine raw-frozen meat samples, there were 30 E. faecium and 30 E. faecalis recovered.

All nine raw meat samples carried multidrug-resistant enterococci, including those resistant to a wide range of antibiotics, while only one multidrug-resistant bacteria was detected in one of the wet food samples and none in the dry food samples.

Resistance was found to the antibiotics ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin and chloramphenicol in all 9 raw-type samples.

The authors concluded: “Our study demonstrates that raw-frozen-foods for dogs carry multidrug-resistant enterococci, (which are resistant to) last-line antibiotics (linezolid) for the treatment of human infections.

“The close contact of pets with humans and the commercialisation of the studied brands in different EU countries pose an international public health risk if transmission of such strains occurs between dogs and humans.

“There is strong past and recent evidence that dogs and humans share common multidrug-resistant strains of E. faecium, and thus the potential for these strains to be transmitted to humans from dogs.”

Dr Ana Freitas, one of the study’s authors said: “These raw-frozen foods are supposed to be consumed after being thawed and could at least be cooked, to kill these drug-resistant and other bacteria.

“Although these foods seem to be regulated regarding their microbiological safety by EU authorities, risk assessment of biological hazards should also include antibiotic-resistant bacteria and/or genes besides only establishing the presence of bacterial pathogens, such as salmonella.”