Data released Monday also showed Japan’s current account surplus doubled in April to ¥750 billion, or nearly $7.6 billion, far above market forecasts of slightly above ¥300 billion, as a weakened yen pushed up returns on overseas investments. Last year, Japan’s current-account surplus shrunk to record levels as a strong yen hurt exporters, and an energy shortfall led to a jump in the costs of importing fuel. But a welcome drop in the yen — another consequence of the central bank’s loose monetary policies — has eased some of the pressure on the balance of trade.

The fresh data came as relief for investors who had become increasingly jittery over Japan’s recovery amid signs of an economic slowdown in China, a major trading partner, and speculation that the U.S. Federal Reserve might soon start to scale back its stimulus. Mediocre U.S. jobs numbers released Friday, however, appeared to have eased concerns of a major rollback by the Fed.

The latest numbers also provided encouragement for Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and his push to reinvigorate Japan’s deflationary economy. The so-called Abenomics initially garnered a euphoric reception by the stock market, and shares surged by 80 percent. But a sudden end to the market rally put the spotlight on skeptics who questioned Mr. Abe’s growth plans and voiced concerns over harmful side effects.

An additional economic growth plan described by Mr. Abe last week underwhelmed many investors and economists who had hoped for a stronger commitment for structural reforms — for example, to overhaul a rigid, two-tier labor market. Meanwhile, the yen crept higher from its recent declines against the dollar, crossing over the psychologically important level of ¥100 to the dollar last week for the first time since early May.

Foremost in investors’ minds has been the specter of too fast a rise in long-term interest rates, which could pressure government finances by increasing the costs of servicing Japan’s sky-high public debt. Yields on benchmark 10-year government bonds, however, have stabilized following a jump in early May, helping to alleviate those concerns. The Bank of Japan could announce steps to lessen volatility in bond markets at the end of a two-day policy meeting that ends Tuesday. Economists, meanwhile, point out that a rise is inevitable as inflation takes hold in Japan.