Oil and gas extraction in west Texas is causing the formation of massive sinkholes, according to a new study.

As the fossil fuel industry has expanded its operations in the region, an increase in seismic activity and other “alarming” geological hazards have been recorded.

Two giant sinkholes near the Texan town of Wink have previously been linked with such operations, but they may just be the tip of the iceberg.

The geophysicists who first alerted the world to the threat posed by the expansion of Wink’s sinkholes undertook further research and found unusual land movement throughout the wider west Texas region.

Hurricane Harvey: Massive sinkhole opens up in Rosenberg, Texas

“The ground movement we’re seeing is not normal,” said Professor Zhong Lu, an expert in satellite radar imagery analysis at Southern Methodist University.

“The ground doesn’t typically do this without some cause.”

Having previously used satellite radar images to study the Wink sinkholes, Professor Lu and his collaborator, Dr Jin-Woo Kim, used similar methods to explore the link between such phenomena and human activities.

“This region of Texas has been punctured like a pin cushion with oil wells and injection wells since the 1940s and our findings associate that activity with ground movement,” said Dr Kim.

In their study, published in the journal Scientific Reports, the researchers demonstrated significant ground movement across a 4000-square-mile area of Texas.

Combining their imagery with oil well data for the region allowed the scientists to conclude that this unstable ground was associated with decades of fossil fuel extraction.

Oil and gas extraction techniques such as fracking – in which pressurised water is injected into underground rock formations – are known to be associated with geological hazards.

Fracking operations have been linked with seismic activity from Canada to the UK. Water injection increases pressure in the rocks, and the release of this stress results in ground movement.

Florida tragedy: So what makes a sinkhole open up? Show all 9 1 /9 Florida tragedy: So what makes a sinkhole open up? Florida tragedy: So what makes a sinkhole open up? sinkhole-getty.jpg Jeff Bush's home in Hillsborough County, Florida, where he was swallowed by a sinkhole Getty Images Florida tragedy: So what makes a sinkhole open up? v2-sinkhole-main.jpg An aerial shot of the sinkhole AP Florida tragedy: So what makes a sinkhole open up? sinkhole-1.jpg Workers observe the demolition of a home where a sinkhole 60ft deep opened up Getty Images Florida tragedy: So what makes a sinkhole open up? sinkhole-2.jpg Demolition crews remove items from the home of Jeff Bush who is presumed dead after the sinkhole opened up under his house AP Florida tragedy: So what makes a sinkhole open up? sinkhole-3.jpg Jeremy Bush (right) prays as his brother's house is demolished AP Florida tragedy: So what makes a sinkhole open up? sinkhole-4.jpg Family members watch as the home of Jeff Bush is destroyed AP Florida tragedy: So what makes a sinkhole open up? sinkhole-5.jpg Demolition workers watch as the home of Jeff Bush is destroyed AP Florida tragedy: So what makes a sinkhole open up? sinkhole-6.jpg Firefighters fold an American flag after removing it from a home destroyed by the sinkhole AP Florida tragedy: So what makes a sinkhole open up? sinkhole.jpg An aerial photo of the sinkhole in Florida that opened up underneath a bedroom late Thursday evening and swallowed Jeffrey Bush AP

Ground movement resulting from a combination of these extraction techniques and unstable rock formations in west Texas can lead to sinkhole formation and earthquakes.

“These hazards represent a danger to residents, roads, railroads, levees, dams, and oil and gas pipelines, as well as potential pollution of ground water,” Professor Lu said.

“Proactive, continuous detailed monitoring from space is critical to secure the safety of people and property.”

Though their study was restricted to a specific region, the scientists think this phenomenon is taking place across Texas.