The 15-year-old Somali boy who last Sunday hopped a fence at San Jose International Airport and clambered into a wheel well of a Hawaii-bound jetliner survived the trip, but he has not spoken publicly about the ordeal.

A teenage friend in California, who asked to remain anonymous because he was not authorised to speak for the family, said the boy was quiet, shy and religious, sorely missing his mother.



"Every day he was telling me: 'I miss Somalia, I miss my mom,'" the friend said. "He just wanted to see his mom."

The boy hid in the wheel well for a five-and-a-half-hour trip over the Pacific Ocean, surviving despite incredibly low temperatures and low oxygen. Authorities say security video shows him wearing a San Francisco Giants hoodie and popping out of the wheel well on to the Maui tarmac.

He has remained hospitalised in Hawaii.

For decades, Somalia, where the boy's family is from, has been plagued by drought and violence. Today more than a million Somali refugees are living in neighbouring Kenya, Ethiopia and Yemen.

A United Nations official told the Associated Press that the boy's mother, 33, lives at the Sheder Refugee Camp in Ethiopia, which houses about 10,200 displaced Somalis.

Speaking with Voice of America radio from a refugee camp in eastern Ethiopia, the teen's mother, Ubah Mohamed Abdullahi, said her son had recently learned she was alive after being told by his father she had died.

"I know he was looking for me, and I am requesting the US government to help me reunite with my kids," she told VOA. She said her ex-husband took their three children to California without her knowledge, and that she hadn't heard from them since 2006.

Omar Lopez, who teaches at University of Southern California's School of Social Work, said typically in runaway cases, social workers assess the child and the family to rule out violence or abuse at home. He said it can take longer to do those assessments in cases of immigrants with limited English skills, and that in this situation, there are several different state bureaucracies involved that could delay a reunion.

The boy's desperation and frustration borne from a life in a new country and new culture, all of it without his mother, is becoming apparent through interviews with friends, family and law enforcement agents.

"What people need to understand is that these young teens are coming from a country torn by a civil war with no basic education and suddenly put in these high schools or elementary schools where they have a cultural shock," said Talha Nooh from the Muslim Community Association, where the family were members.

"This whole thing should be looked at in the context of a teen who is emotionally attached to his mom and grandparents," Nooh said. "The father is working 24 hours a day to take care of family here and other family members in the horn of Africa."

Community members said the parents had gone through a difficult divorce and that there are differing versions of what their children were told. The family is working with the Council on American-Islamic Relations to help communicate with medical providers, law enforcement, social workers and the media.

The boy's father, Abdilahi Yusuf Abdi, told VOA his son had struggled in California schools; school district officials confirmed the boy came to the US four years ago. Abdi said before that, his son had very little education in Africa.

"He was always talking about going back to Africa, where his grandparents still live," he told VOA, speaking in Somali. "We want to go back, but due to the current living conditions we can't go back."

Jaque Kelley-Uyeoka, the deputy chief executive of Hale Kipa, a non-profit that works with at-risk youth in Hawaii, said the Hawaii Department of Human Services has several options for youth who run away from home, including foster homes and emergency shelters.

"They've got a couple of options they could use if in fact they were doing an investigation and needed a safe place for a youth to stay," she said.

While stressing that she neither speaks for the department nor has any firsthand knowledge of this case, she offered another possibility: case workers may simply prefer not to disrupt the boy's comfort if he feels safe at the hospital.