Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg was the last to try a congestion pricing plan, in 2008. His plan, which would have exacted an $8 fee for entering Midtown and Lower Manhattan, died in the State Assembly.

Across the nation, a handful of cities have imposed per-ride fees. Seattle, which began regulating ride-hailing services in 2014, charges two fees totaling 24 cents per ride to cover the costs of regulating and licensing operators and to support wheelchair-accessible cars. Portland, Ore., began charging passengers a fee of 50 cents per ride in 2016 to pay for safety inspections of cars and other regulatory costs.

In Chicago, where Mayor Rahm Emanuel contends the ride-hailing services have cost his city millions in lost taxes and fees, the city introduced a 20-cent-per-ride fee in 2014 and raised that to 50 cents the following year. The fee will rise to 65 cents next year, and then to 70 cents in 2019 — with the additional increases dedicated solely to modernizing the transit system, city officials said.

New York City is considering a new fee on for-hire vehicles at a time when the state-controlled Metropolitan Transportation Authority is in dire need of money to overhaul the city’s decrepit subway system. Advocates say it would be easier to push through the State Legislature than tolls on the East River bridges and already has a precedent: a 50-cent surcharge on cab rides that goes to the transportation authority. The ride-hailing services are not subject to that surcharge, but collect state and local sales taxes on each ride.

Mayor Bill de Blasio has criticized Uber’s rapid expansion for exacerbating traffic, but his administration backed down from a proposed cap on Uber cars in 2015. The mayor, who opposes congestion pricing, has announced his own plan to reduce traffic, including banning some truck deliveries and stepping up enforcement of traffic rules.

In the meantime, there is no escape from gridlocked streets. Jennifer Brown, 46, an architect, was recently trapped in a cab on Fifth Avenue near 72nd Street en route to an appointment. After going two blocks in 20 minutes, she finally jumped out to walk to a subway station. “I was late, so it was anxiety inducing,” she said.