The conglomerate Danaher Corporation said on Wednesday that it would acquire the Pall Corporation, a water filtration systems company, for $13.6 billion in cash and split itself into two publicly traded companies.

Pall, based in Port Washington, N.Y., a city on Long Island, makes systems that remove contaminants or separate substances from a variety of solids, liquids and gases. It will be part of a science and technology company that includes Danaher’s diagnostics, dental and water quality businesses. This company, with roughly $16.5 billion in revenue including Pall’s, will keep the Danaher name.

Danaher plans to split off its industrial businesses, which include its test and measurement and automation businesses, into a separate company, with $6 billion in revenue. The company says it expects the separation to take place in a tax-free transaction by the end of next year.

“The pending strategic acquisition of Pall Corporation announced today offers us the unique opportunity to drive greater shareholder value going forward as two stronger and better companies,” Thomas P. Joyce Jr., Danaher’s chief executive, said in a statement. “Each company will be more focused with access to the capital necessary to pursue organic and inorganic growth opportunities.”