Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 is the Cause of Alzheimer’s Disease

Authors: Ilija Barukčić

Objective: The possible involvement of viruses, specifically Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type has been investigated by numerous publications. Over 120 publications are providing direct or indirect evidence of a potential relationship between Herpes simplex virus type 1 and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but a causal relation is still not established yet. Methods: A systematic review and re-analysis of studies which investigated the relationship between HSV-1 and AD by HSV-1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods was conducted. The method of the conditio sine qua non relationship (SINE) was used to proof the hypothesis: without HSV-1 infection of human brain no AD. The method of the conditio per quam relationship (IMP) was used to proof the hypothesis: if HSV-1 infection of human brain then AD. The mathematical formula of the causal relationship k was used to proof the hypotheses is, whether there is a cause-effect relationship between HSV-1 and AD. Significance was indicated by a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: The studies analyzed were able to provide strict evidence that HSV-1 is a necessary condition (a conditio sine qua non), a sufficient condition and a necessary and sufficient condition of AD. Furthermore, the cause-effect relationship between HSV-1 and AD was highly significant. Conclusions: The data analyzed provide sufficient evidence to conclude that HSV-1 is the cause of AD. Keywords: Herpes simplex virus type 1, Alzheimer’s disease, causal relationship.

Comments: 35 Pages.

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Submission history

[v1] 2019-10-13 10:03:32

[v2] 2019-10-15 00:13:36



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