Berlin is freezing the rents of 1.5 million apartments for the next five years starting this Sunday in a controversial move to control the exploding costs that have forced many to move outside Germany’s capital city.

Berlin is the first German city to influence the rental prices so directly and the law has been both celebrated as a step toward more fairness by its supporters and ripped apart as a socialist method by critics.

“It is correct that Berlin tries to stop the spiraling rent costs,” Ulrich Ropertz, the head of the German Tenants Association, told German news agency dpa. “The federal legislature has missed the opportunity to pass effective measures in recent years.”

Only a minority of Berliners own their homes or apartments — as in the rest of the country, the majority of people traditionally rent their homes.

The German capital had been a low-rent mecca after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 when it opened the gates to the economically depressed former communist east of the city.

10 of the best budget hotels in Berlin Show all 10 1 /10 10 of the best budget hotels in Berlin 10 of the best budget hotels in Berlin Henri Hotel A light-filled bedroom at Henri Hotel Henri Hotel 10 of the best budget hotels in Berlin The Weinmeister Treat yourself to a rooftop hot tub at The Weinmeister The Weinmeister 10 of the best budget hotels in Berlin Hüttenpalast Bedding down at Hüttenpalast is a unique experience Hüttenpalast 10 of the best budget hotels in Berlin The Yard The Yard: ideal for peace and relaxation The Yard 10 of the best budget hotels in Berlin Gat Point Charlie It might be budget, but it comes complete with a balcony Gat Point Charlie 10 of the best budget hotels in Berlin Wallyard Concept Hostel Sip cocktails in the Wallyard's lobby and bar Wallyard Concept Hostel 10 of the best budget hotels in Berlin Titantic Chaussee The inviting pool at Titantic Chaussee Titantic Chaussee 10 of the best budget hotels in Berlin The Circus Hotel Relax in the colourful lounge of The Circus The Circus Berlin 10 of the best budget hotels in Berlin Vienna Easy House Hotel The bold hues at Vienna Easy House Hotel are perfect for families Vienna Easy House Hotel 10 of the best budget hotels in Berlin Motel One Motel One is perfectly located for visitors seeking some retail therapy Motel One

That gave rise to an influx of artists and others seeking a more bohemian way of life. However, in recent years, rents have skyrocketed in the city of more than 3.7 million inhabitants, pushing middle class families from Berlin’s central residential neighbourhoods like Mitte or Prenzlauer Berg to the outskirts. Even traditionally working class and immigrant neighbourhoods like Neukoelln or Kreuzberg have become so gentrified that long-time tenants can no longer afford the rising rents.

In addition there is an overall housing shortage in Berlin, which makes it even more difficult for newcomers or those who get pushed out of their homes due to the rent spike to find new, affordable living accommodations.

The rent freeze is supposed to keep rents for apartments that were built before 2014 at the current level for the next five years. Critics have pointed out that the rent freeze will keep landlords from investing any money into much-needed renovations of homes, because they cannot raise the rent afterward.

Tenants, who think their rent isover-priced, have been encouraged by pro-tenant organizations to ask their landlords for a reduction in rent. However, the controversial law has been taken to court by its opponents and some experts have warned tenants to keep all the extra money that they may now be saving on the side, in case the rent freeze is eventually overturned in court.

The rent freeze, which was implemented by Berlin’s left-leaning coalition government, has been strongly criticised by Chancellor Angela Merkel‘s more conservative Christian Democrats, who are in the opposition in Berlin’s city-state government.

In a statement on Sunday, the Berlin faction of the Christian Democrats wrote that, “the law is not a solution for the continuing housing shortage... The freeze does not help anybody if, in the end, saved rent has to possibly be paid back.”