Bash-4.0-rc1 available for FTP

From: Chet Ramey Subject: Bash-4.0-rc1 available for FTP Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2009 16:40:11 -0500

The first public release candidate of bash-4.0 is now available with the URL ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.0-rc1.tar.gz This tar file does not include the formatted documentation (you should be able to generate it yourself). This release fixes the remaining serious bugs in the bash version 3 branch and introduces significant new features. The most notable new features are associative arrays, improvements to the programmable completion functionality, case-modifying word expansions, co-processes, support for the `**' special glob pattern, and additions to the shell syntax and redirections. The shell has been changed to be more rigorous about parsing commands inside command substitutions, fixing one piece of Posix non-compliance. `bashbug' may be used to report bugs with this version. As always, thanks for your help. Chet +========== CHANGES ==========+ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-rc1, and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta2. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when a $()-style command substitution was follwed immediately by a quoted newline. b. Fixed a bug that caused extended shell globbing patterns beginning with `*(' to not work when used with pattern substitution word expansions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta2, and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that caused failed word expansions to set $? but not PIPESTATUS. b. Changed filename completion to quote the tilde in a filename with a leading tilde that exists in the current directory. c. Fixed a bug that caused a file descriptor leak when performing redirections attached to a compound command. d. Fixed a bug that caused expansions of $@ and $* to not exit the shell if the -u option was enabled and there were no posititional parameters. e. Fixed a bug that resulted in bash not terminating immediately if a terminating signal was received while performing output. f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after creating 256 process substitutions during word completion. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible characters and numeric arguments to a command in a multibyte locale. b. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible characters spanning more than two physical screen lines. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta, and the previous version, bash-4.0-alpha. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a typo that caused a variable to be used before initialization while parsing Posix-style command substitutions. b. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? when the expansion of a parameter used as part of a pattern removal expansion is empty, but part of a non- empty string. c. Fixed a bug that could cause strings not converted to numbers by strtol to be treated as if the conversion had been successful. d. The `return' builtin now accepts no options and requires a `--' before a negative return value, as Posix requires. e. Fixed a bug that caused local variables to be created with the empty string for a value rather than no value. f. Changed behavior so the shell now acts as if it received an interrupt when a pipeline is killed by SIGINT while executing a list. g. Fixed a bug that caused `declare var' and `typeset var' to initialize `var' to the empty string. h. Changed `bind' builtin to print a warning but proceed if invoked when line editing is not active. i. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when the `errexit' option is set and a command in a pipeline returns a non-zero exit status. j. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not run the exit trap in a command run with `bash -c' under some circumstances. k. Fixed a bug that caused parser errors to occasionally not set $? when running commands with `eval'. l. Fixed a bug that caused stray control characters when evaluating compound array assignments containing $'\x7f' escapes. m. Fixed a bug that caused redirections involving file descriptor 10 as the target to behave incorrectly. n. Fixed a bug that could cause memory to be freed multiple times when assigning to COMP_WORDBREAKS. o. Fixed a bug that could cause NULL pointer dereferences when COMP_WORDBREAKS was unset. 2. Changes to Readline 3. New Features in Bash a. A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is input available to be read from the specified file descriptor. b. CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged mode. c. New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word, which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters and honor shell quoting. d. New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word. 4. New Features in Readline a. If the kernel supports it, readline displays special characters corresponding to a keyboard-generated signal when the signal is received. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-alpha, and the previous version, bash-3.2-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed several bugs in old-style `` command substitution parsing, including comment parsing and quoted string handling. b. Fixed problems parsing arguments to the [[ command's =~ regular expression matching operator: metacharacter and whitespace parsing. c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately reuse high-numbered file descriptors it used internally. d. Fixed a bug in pattern replacement word expansions that caused a `/' as the first character of an expanded pattern to be mistaken for a global replacement specifier. e. Fixed several problems with the asprintf and snprintf replacement functions that caused hangs and crashes. f. Fixed a bug in the calculation of the current and previous job that caused it to refer to incorrect jobs. g. Fixed a bug in the check for the validity of a hashed command pathname that caused unnecessary hash table deletions and additions. h. Fixed a bug that caused child processes to inherit the wrong value for $!. i. Fixed a bug that caused `.' to fail to read and execute commands from non- regular files such as devices or named pipes. j. Fixed a bug in printf formatting for the %x and %X expansions that occurred on some systems. k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when creating temporary files if $TMPDIR named a non-writable directory. l. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore $TMPDIR when creating temporary files under some circumstances. m. Fixed a bug that caused named pipes created by process substitution to not be cleaned up. n. Fixed a bug that caused HISTTIMEFORMAT to not be honored when it appeared in the initial shell environment. o. Fixed several bugs in the expansion of $* and $@ (quoted and unquoted) when IFS is null or contains non-whitespace characters; the same changes apply to arrays subscripted with * or @. p. Fixed several problems with pattern substitution expansions on the positional parameters and arrays subscripted with * or @ that occurred when $IFS was set to the empty string. q. Made a change to the default locale initialization code that should result in better behavior from the locale-aware library functions. r. Fixed a bug that caused compacting the jobs list to drop jobs. s. Fixed a bug that caused jumps back to the top-level processing loop from a builtin command to leave the shell in an inconsistent state. t. Fixed a bug that caused characters that would be escaped internally to be doubled when escaped with a backslash. u. Fixed the initialization of mailboxes to not cause maildirs to be read (and stat(2) called for every message file) at shell startup. v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not display $PS2 when the read builtin reads a line continued with a backslash. w. Fixed a bug that caused errors in word splitting when $IFS contained characters used for internal quoting. x. Fixed bugs that caused problems with output from shell builtins not being completely displayed on some systems. y. Fixed a bug that caused output to be lost when a redirection is acting on the shell's output file descriptor. z. Fixed bugs caused by shell builtins not checking for all write errors. aa. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to dump core if expansions on the pattern passed to the pattern removal word expansions resulted in expansion errors. bb. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop infinitely after creating and waiting for 4096 jobs. cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to lose the status of a background job under certain circumstances. dd. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not look in the temporary environment when performing variable lookup under certain circumstances. ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close file descriptors greater than 10 when they were used in redirections. ff. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to attempt to read from the standard input when called as `bash -i script'. gg. Fixed a memory leak and variable initialization problems when the -v option was supplied to `printf' that could cause incorrect results. hh. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to count bytes when the -n option was supplied, rather than (possibly multibyte) characters. ii. Fixed a bug when displaying a function due to not converting the function to an external form. jj. Changed job control initialization to ensure that the shell has a tty as its controlling terminal before enabling job control. kk. Fixed a bug with the `test' builtin that caused it to misinterpret arguments beginning with `-' but containing more than one character. ll. Fixed bug that could cause the shell to dump core in certain cases where a command sets the SIGINT disposition to the default. mm. Fixed a bug in the pattern replacement (affecting both word expansion and the `fc' builtin) that occurred when the pattern and replacement strings were empty. nn. Fixed a bug that caused an arithmetic evaluation error to disable all further evaluation. oo. Fixed a bug in pathname expansion that caused it to interpret backslashes in the pathname as quoting characters. pp. Fixed a bug in the replacement getcwd() implementation that could cause memory to be overwritten. qq. When in Posix mode, the `ulimit' builtin now uses a block size of 512 for the `-c' and `-f' options. rr. Brace expansion now allows process substitutions to pass through unchanged. ss. Fixed a problem in the command name completion code to avoid quoting escaped special characters twice when the command name begins with a tilde. tt. Fixed a problem in the printf builtin that resulted in single-byte output for the "'" escape, even when using multibyte characters. uu. Fixed a bug that caused the failure exit status to be lost when redirections attached to a compound command failed. vv. Fixed a bug that caused the internal random number generator to not be re-seeded correctly when creating a subshell. ww. Fixed a bug that could cause the bash replacement getcwd to overwrite memory. xx. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not receive SIGINT if it was sent while the shell was waiting for a command substitution to terminate, and make sure the exit status is correct when it does. yy. Fixed a bug that resulted in the second and subsequent children spawned by a shell begun to run a command substitution being placed into the wrong process group. zz. Fixed a bug that caused the results of successful tilde expansion to be subject to pathname expansion and word splitting. aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang if it encountered an error that caused it to jump back to the top processing loop during a command substitution or `eval' command. bbb. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to use the tty's attributes instead of those of the file descriptor passed with the -u option when processing the -n and -d options. ccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect expansion of address@hidden:foo} if the first character of $IFS was not whitespace. ddd. Fixed a bug that occurred when scanning for the ending delimiter of a ${parameter/pat/sub} expansion. eee. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately expand command substitutions in words when expanding directory names for completion. fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `fc' builtin to look too far back in the history list under certain circumstances. ggg. Fixed a bug that caused a shell running in Posix mode to search $PWD for a file specified as an argument to source/. when the file was not found in $PATH. hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to modify the case of a command word found via command completion when the shell was performing case- insensitive completion. iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to search $PATH for an argument to source/. even when it contained a `/'. jjj. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to misorder expansions when the locale did not have a collating order like aAbBcC...zZ. kkk. Fixed a bug that did not allow `set +o history' to have any effect when run in a startup file or from a sourced file. lll. Fixed a bug with the precedence of the ?: conditional arithmetic operator. mmm. Fixed a bug that caused side effects of temporary variable assignments to persist in the shell environment. nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the terminal to be left in non-canonical mode when using editing commands that invoke the an editor on the current command line. ooo. Fixed a bug that caused globbing characters and characters in $IFS to not be quoted appropriately when displaying assignment statements. ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the `-e' option to be inherited when sourcing a file or evaluating a command with `eval' even if the return value of the command was supposed to be ignored. qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to created variables with invalid names if such names appeared in the initial environment. rrr. Fixed a bug with quote removal in strings where the final character is a backslash. sss. Fixed a bug that caused the effects of special variables to persist even when the variables were unset as part of the shell reinitializing itself to execute a shell script. ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the history to not be saved after `history -c' or `history -d' was executed until a sufficient number of commands had been saved to the history. uuu. Bash now parses command substitutions according to Posix rules: parsing the command contained in $() to find the closing delimiter. vvv. Fixed a bug that caused traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler to not persist. www. Fixed a bug that didn't allow SIGCHLD to interrupt the `wait' builtin as Posix specifies. xxx. Invalid numeric arguments to shell builtins no longer cause the shell to short-circuit any executing compound command. yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status to be lost when `break' was used to short-circuit a loop's execution. zzz. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? characters to be left in expansions of "${array[*]}". aaaa. Bash now prints better error messages for here documents terminated by EOF and for identifying the incorrect token in an invalid arithmetic expression. bbbb. Fixed a bug in the variable length word expansion that caused it to incorrectly calculate the number of multibyte characters. cccc. Fixed a race condition that could result in the top-level shell setting the terminal's process group to an incorrect value if the process group was changed by a child of a child of the shell. dddd. Fixed a bug that caused here documents belonging to commands within a compound command to be displayed in a syntactially-incorrect form, which prevented them from being re-read as input. eeee. The shell displays more warnings about failures to set the locale. ffff. Fixed a bug that caused the body of a here-document to not be saved to the history list. gggg. Fixed a bug that caused configure to incorrectly conclude that FreeBSD had /dev/fd available, resulting in problems with process substitution. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a number of redisplay errors in environments supporting multibyte characters. b. Fixed bugs in vi command mode that caused motion commands to inappropriately set the mark. c. When using the arrow keys in vi insertion mode, readline allows movement beyond the current end of the line (unlike command mode). d. Fixed bugs that caused readline to loop when the terminal has been taken away and reads return -1/EIO. e. Fixed bugs in redisplay occurring when displaying prompts containing invisible characters. f. Fixed a bug that caused the completion append character to not be reset to the default after an application-specified completion function changed it. g. Fixed a problem that caused incorrect positioning of the cursor while in emacs editing mode when moving forward at the end of a line while using a locale supporting multibyte characters. h. Fixed an off-by-one error that caused readline to drop every 511th character of buffered input. i. Fixed a bug that resulted in SIGTERM not being caught or cleaned up. j. Fixed redisplay bugs caused by multiline prompts with invisible characters or no characters following the final newline. k. Fixed redisplay bug caused by prompts consisting solely of invisible characters. l. Fixed a bug in the code that buffers characters received very quickly in succession which caused characters to be dropped. m. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference uninitialized data structures if it received a SIGWINCH before completing initialzation. n. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly and therefore unrepeatable. o. Fixed a bug that caused readline to disable echoing when it was being used with an output file descriptor that was not a terminal. p. Readline now blocks SIGINT while manipulating internal data structures during redisplay. q. Fixed a bug in redisplay that caused readline to segfault when pasting a very long line (over 130,000 characters). r. Fixed bugs in redisplay when using prompts with no visible printing characters. 3. New Features in Bash a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list. b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically rather than horizontally. c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of the current shell. d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a simple command. e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and report any running or stopped jobs at exit. f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to a character describing the type of completion being attempted. g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB). h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash will try again several times before reporting failure. i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as readline when breaking the command line into a list of words. j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in Posix mode, as Posix specifies. k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out, it returns an exit status greater than 128. l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command. m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number of threads) options. n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes (or function values and attributes if used with -f). o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify completion options for existing completions or the completion currently being executed. p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply buffer when using readline. q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default behavior for completion on an empty line. r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing globbing characters. s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly follow man page format. t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description, and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format. u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a given file. v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the function arguments. w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within them, when appropriate) recursively. x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during completion. y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout values. z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the same number of digits. aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'. It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list. bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT, respectively. cc. There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output and standard error to the named file. dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects the standard error for a command through a pipe. ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the statement rather than terminating the command. ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current action, rather than terminating the command. gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace the intervening characters with `...'. hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally- configured feature to include capitalization operators. ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them. jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options. There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at assignment. kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell. Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables with coproc-specific names. 4. New Features in Readline a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if applications do this). b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete. c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections (like redisplay). d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state flag values. e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum number of entries in the history list. f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions browsing' mode. g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion generators. h. There is support for replacing a prefix of a pathname with a `...' when displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'. i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is executed. -- ``The lyf so short, the craft so long to lerne.'' - Chaucer Chet Ramey, ITS, CWRU address@hidden http://tiswww.tis.case.edu/~chet/

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