True, their should be a few countries on the the continent's edges providing opportunity for value added production in global supply chains. Most of Africa will be left out. If per-capita income is a measure of competitiveness then Africa has always been on the playing field and export-growth never relied on a gap being created in China. It is not necessary to dwell on the reasons why Africa has not been able to take advantage- instead, tradewise- what is- is what it is and what it has been. If there are new opportunities for Africa it is in the field of disruptive technologies that offer the ability to leap over manufacturing into services.