WASHINGTON — A Republican House member on Friday blocked final passage of a long-delayed disaster relief package, ensuring that communities and farmers ravaged by natural disasters would have to wait for the measure to reach President Trump’s desk.

Representative Chip Roy, a freshman from Texas and former chief of staff to Senator Ted Cruz, used the power of a single lawmaker to object to a procedural vote that would have allowed the Senate-approved $19.1 billion package to pass through the House without the full chamber present.

“This is a very swampy thing to do, have a vote on a Friday heading into Memorial Day weekend,” Mr. Roy said before heading to the floor. “We could have done our jobs yesterday, when we had 435 members of Congress.”

Under congressional rules, passage would have to be unanimous, since most lawmakers left Washington on Thursday for a weeklong recess. When Representative Donna E. Shalala, a freshman Democrat from Florida, asked for unanimous consent on the package, Mr. Roy objected. In a brief speech, he said he was concerned not only about the process but also about the decision to leave out the White House’s request for about $4.5 billion for the southwestern border. He said the aid package was fiscally irresponsible.