The final decision to file today's complaint was made by L. William Seidman, chairman of the F.D.I.C., whose differences with the Bush Administration led to unusual efforts this year to pressure him to leave his post early. He has said he will step down before his term expires in October 1991, and the Bush Administration has named a successor.

President Bush has no authority to remove Mr. Seidman or to stop the suit against his son. The President said this summer that he would not seek to influence the agency's judgment.

''This is not easy for me as a father,'' he said at a news conference in July. ''It's easy for me as the President, because the system is going to work, and I will not intervene. I've not discussed this with any officials and suggested any outcome.''

Other Defendants

The other defendants in the lawsuit are Michael R. Wise, chairman and chief executive of Silverado; Robert M. Lewis, chief financial officer; Richard Vandapool, chief operating officer; Russell M. Murray, executive vice president; W. James Metz, who owned 88 percent of the stock in Silverado and its holding company, and five other board members: Florian F. Barth, Richard J. Bunchman, Dianne E. Ingels, Marjorie E. Page and Richard F. Vitkus. The suit also named Ronald H. Jacobs, a lawyer for Silverado, and the Colorado law firm of Sherman & Howard.

Liability insurance for directors and officers of Silverado expired in 1986, and it is unclear whether the former board members have any coverage.

Mr. Seidman declined to discuss the lawsuit in detail today, but said it had been handled the same way the agency dealt with all legal complaints. Asked whether the lawsuit was a result of his disagreements with the White House, he said, ''absolutely not.''

Asked about the lawsuit, a spokesman at the White House, Stephen Hart, said, ''We have nothing to say about it.''