Research has found a Brazilian wasp’s venom could destroy tumours of leukaemia, prostate and bladder cancer without harming healthy tissue

This article is more than 5 years old

This article is more than 5 years old

The venom of the Brazilian wasp Polybia paulista contains a powerful “smart” drug that selectively targets and destroys tumour cells without harming normal cells, a study has shown.

In laboratory tests, the poison has been shown to suppress the growth of prostate and bladder cancer cells, as well as leukaemia cells resistant to a range of drugs.

New research has now revealed the secret of the venom toxin, known as MP1. Scientists found that it blows gaping holes in the protective membranes surrounding tumour cells by interacting with fatty molecules called lipids.

Dr Paul Beales, a researcher from Leeds University, said: “Cancer therapies that attack the lipid composition of the cell membrane would be an entirely new class of anti-cancer drugs.

“This could be useful in developing new combination therapies, where multiple drugs are used simultaneously to treat a cancer by attacking different parts of the cancer cells at the same time.”

The unique way certain lipids are embedded on the outside of cancer cell membranes makes tumours susceptible to the wasp toxin, the researchers found. In healthy cells, the same structural molecules are located on the inner membrane surface.

When MP1 binds to the lipids, it disrupts the membrane structure and creates large holes through which molecules vital to a cancer cell’s survival leak out.

The findings are published in the Biophysical Journal.

Co-author Dr João Neto, from São Paulo State University in Brazil, said: “Formed in only seconds, these large pores are big enough to allow critical molecules such as RNA and proteins to easily escape cells.”

Future studies will examine MP1’s structure in more detail and attempt to improve its selectivity and potency.

Beales said the laboratory tests suggested that the molecule was harmless to healthy cells and therefore safe, but added: “Further work would be required to prove that.”