Part of my morning routine is to wake up the computer, have coffee, and see if Instagram or Facebook have removed any of my photos or, worse yet, deleted my account. Social media sites are important because not only are they my main source of exposure to income, they are my calling card for the models who pose for me. As a photographer who specializes in the male form, I shoot still images of men in various state of undress, everything from shirtless to full frontal nudity. I’m also known for photographing wounded, amputee veterans in the nude, work that has been the subject of about a dozen doctoral theses and published in various academic journals, with themes from changing perceptions of the handicapped to an analysis of masculinity in America as it relates to war. My troubles with Facebook began in 2013 over an image I posted of an amputee war veteran, Alex Minsky, nude from the side standing against a black background. The photo went viral because many viewers noticed how beautiful the subject was before they noticed his prosthetic leg. The image also landed me in Facebook jail. Facebook deleted it and suspended my account for six months. It was only after a huge public outcry and media inquiry did Facebook reinstate the photo, but shortly after reinstating it, they once again removed it, and my account was again banned.

I have never posted frontal nudity on Facebook, and it was unclear to me what the rules were. I found many Facebook pages featuring nude women, and it seemed like any nude female was acceptable as long as her nipples or vagina were not showing. As an avatar, one site featured a woman’s bare butt, almost filling the entire screen. Technically she was clothed because of a tiny string that disappeared in her ass, suggesting she was wearing a g-string. So, why was my image pulled? Because he was an amputee? Because he was a man posing in the nude? Nude subjects have traditionally been reserved exclusively for the male gaze, so when a man poses nude, to some this implies that the image is homoerotic. For its 2014 Body Issues, ESPN posted a nude Venus Williams on its Facebook page and to this day, famous photographer Helmut Newton’s Facebook page displays female nudes, vaginas, breasts, and nipples all exposed. So besides corporations getting a pass, it seems like the famous also get a pass.

Facebook’s “community standards” seem opposed to male nudity while welcoming some forms of female nudity. In 2015 not only was I subject to multiple bans and dozens of warnings from Facebook, but also hate messages and threats from other Facebook users. Via Facebook I received hostile messages, everything from one-word insults like “faggot” to threats involving physical harm. Using Facebook tools, I reported these threats, but the platform did not act on any of my reports. Instead Facebook diligently continued to remove my photos and ban me from posting. The homophobic atmosphere that thrived under Facebook’s watch became even more evident when they banned a photo I posted of two fully clothed policemen about to kiss. Ironically I posted the photo with editorial about censorship, and to this day I don’t know if it was removed because of the photo or because I was talking about Facebook censorship. Facebook’s “community standards” seem opposed to male nudity while welcoming some forms of female nudity. In 2015 not only was I subject to multiple bans and dozens of warnings from Facebook, but also hate messages and threats from other Facebook users. Via Facebook I received hostile messages, everything from one-word insults like “faggot” to threats involving physical harm. Using Facebook tools, I reported these threats, but the platform did not act on any of my reports. Instead Facebook diligently continued to remove my photos and ban me from posting. The homophobic atmosphere that thrived under Facebook’s watch became even more evident when they banned a photo I posted of two fully clothed policemen about to kiss. Ironically I posted the photo with editorial about censorship, and to this day I don’t know if it was removed because of the photo or because I was talking about Facebook censorship.



Facebook censorship became worse, and while claiming to be a neutral platform, Facebook then started removing my photos of men simply because they were shirtless. In 2014, when Kim Kardashian set out to “break the internet,” with her exposed buttocks photo, it was a slap in the face to all artists who had semi-nude images removed and suffered bans from Facebook. The company blatantly disregarded their own rules to make an exception for a female celebrity. I was so pissed that shortly after her posting, I uploaded a photo of one of my wounded vets, a double amputee who lost both his legs in an IED attack. My veteran model was showing much less than what Kardashian had exposed. Facebook censorship became worse, and while claiming to be a neutral platform, Facebook then started removing my photos of men simply because they were shirtless. In 2014, when Kim Kardashian set out to “break the internet,” with her exposed buttocks photo, it was a slap in the face to all artists who had semi-nude images removed and suffered bans from Facebook. The company blatantly disregarded their own rules to make an exception for a female celebrity. I was so pissed that shortly after her posting, I uploaded a photo of one of my wounded vets, a double amputee who lost both his legs in an IED attack. My veteran model was showing much less than what Kardashian had exposed. I joked in my caption, “Not trying to break the internet – just want to share with you.” The photo went viral, and within 24 hours it had a reach of 12 million people with 457,000 likes. I was delighted and dismayed at the same time, because with this kind of exposure, I knew I was open to troll attacks in huge numbers. At the time, Facebook had a tool people could use to report photos, which also manifested an automatic message to me requesting that I remove the photo. The requests poured in, so I knew the photo was being reported left and right. In order to preserve my Facebook account, after a few days I deleted the photo when it reached 576,461 likes and 56,631 shares.

Fortunately, I had other social media sites where I could seek refuge — Twitter, Tumblr, and Instagram. But then Facebook bought Instagram, forcing their terms of service on my account there. My Instagram account never had problems or issues until Facebook bought them. Now both Facebook and Instagram remove photos regularly, and this week when Tumblr announced that it was going to ban NSFW photos, I wasn’t particularly alarmed. Fortunately, I had other social media sites where I could seek refuge — Twitter, Tumblr, and Instagram. But then Facebook bought Instagram, forcing their terms of service on my account there. My Instagram account never had problems or issues until Facebook bought them. Now both Facebook and Instagram remove photos regularly, and this week when Tumblr announced that it was going to ban NSFW photos, I wasn’t particularly alarmed. However, when I went to my Tumblr account last week, about 70 percent of my 900 photos had been flagged. Most of the flagged images were men, just shirtless, and almost all of my semi-nude amputee war veterans were flagged as well. It prompted me to remove all my photos from the site. Tumblr has never been a big source of revenue, and with my 60,000 followers there, it is not as significant as my one million followers on Facebook. I’m fortunate in that I can give Tumblr the middle finger, but many others decided to give Facebook the middle finger, closed their accounts and sought shelter at Tumblr, a site that allowed more freedom of expression. I am quite bothered by the creeping trend towards a consolidation of social media platforms prompting censorship that is designed to appeal to the most generic of all crowds. And when Facebook cites “community standards,” which community are they referring to? Facebook’s rule in paragraph 13, Violence and Graphic Content states, “We allow graphic content (with some limitations) to help people raise awareness about issues,” which in principle seems to conflict with their rule in Paragraph 14 restricting “the display of nudity or sexual activity because some people in our community may be sensitive to this type of content.” What about the people who are sensitive to violence? Are they not a part of the “community?”



This is not exclusively a LGBTQ+ issue, it applies to all minority voices faced with further marginalization. Not everyone wants to live in a strictly homogonous society defined by a social media giant. Facebook is a monopoly and Verizon acquiring and sanitizing Tumblr is just another example of a large corporation manipulating social media to serve its own purposes. With the demise of Tumblr, many will seek refuge underground. By making social media “safe” each site implements its own reporting tools, a portal for internet trolls to sabotage and hurt individuals personally and economically. Trolls target not only people in the LGBTQ+ community but any voice they don’t like or disagree with. There is no consequence for falsely or maliciously reporting someone’s account, photos or posts — trolls have nothing to lose. Once images and posts are reported, who really knows what happens to them? This is not exclusively a LGBTQ+ issue, it applies to all minority voices faced with further marginalization. Not everyone wants to live in a strictly homogonous society defined by a social media giant. Facebook is a monopoly and Verizon acquiring and sanitizing Tumblr is just another example of a large corporation manipulating social media to serve its own purposes. With the demise of Tumblr, many will seek refuge underground. By making social media “safe” each site implements its own reporting tools, a portal for internet trolls to sabotage and hurt individuals personally and economically. Trolls target not only people in the LGBTQ+ community but any voice they don’t like or disagree with. There is no consequence for falsely or maliciously reporting someone’s account, photos or posts — trolls have nothing to lose. Once images and posts are reported, who really knows what happens to them? Gawker published in article in 2012 about how Facebook outsources censorship to countries in North Africa and Southeast Asia. If the article is accurate, then lower-level employees in developing countries are managing and censoring content originating in the United States and the rest of the world. They set the standards for our freedom of expression — they are shaping our culture on local and global levels. For political purposes, we’ve already seen how Russia manipulates Facebook. While offshore censors may not have a specific agenda, nonetheless social media is unwittingly appealing to the lowest denominator; general standards that will least offend a theoretical global society. This is not only a dumbing down of America, but the creation of a global civilization in shades of beige.

Our readers will recognize Stoke’s work from these galleries on Advocate.com:

(PHOTOS: Michael Stokes Puts Men on Exhibit), (PHOTOS: The 'Always Loyal' Vets, Michael Stokes Shows Us the Heroic Beauty of Veterans in 'Invictus'), (PHOTOS: Michael Stokes Could Use a Hand With These Guys, Bare Strength: Classic and Surprising), (PHOTOS: Bare and Banned). Also notable is Stokes’s book on World War II photos of military men on duty and mostly naked, My Buddy.

For information on the books, his website: MichaelStokes.net. And for further research, visit his Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and Tumblr.