This guide explains how to use the single parameter class definition to define or extend a class. It will show you how it can be used together with @exports annotation.

#Creating a Class In a previous guide (Extending a Class) we have seen how to create and extend a class. Now, we are going to revisit that example but this time we will define the class without having to specify the constructor outside the cocktail.mix() method:

Person.js

var cocktail = require ( 'cocktail' ); cocktail . mix ({ //export the class '@exports' : module , //declare the properties '@properties' : { greeting : 'Hello' }, //the constructor is defined inside the mix() constructor : function ( greeting ) { if ( greeting ) { this . setGreeting ( greeting ); } } });

The code above shows how a class is defined. We have specified a greeting property and a constructor that receives a parameter for the greeting property. If the property has value then we are going to use the setter to assign the constructor parameter to the greeting property. Another annotation is used in this declaration. @exports allows to define that we are going to export the current mix. It will take the result of the mix and assign it to the module.exports variable so we don’t have to create another variable name for the class and export it or assign the cocktail.mix execution to the module.exports variable.

#Extending your Class The Single Parameter Class Definition can be applied when you pass the subject as a Object literal with a constructor definition as we saw before. @extends annotation has the same effect. If you want to extend from a class Person you can use the single parameter class definition and use the @exports annotation as follows:

Pirate.js

var cocktail = require ( 'cocktail' ), Person = require ( './Person' ); cocktail . mix ({ '@exports' : module , '@extends' : Person , greeting : 'Ahoy' });

#Traits and Talents We have said that Traits & Talents are just a special type of class where you only define behavior. It is very common that a Trait will require a method to be defined in order to work with your class. We are going to define the Greetable trait using the Single Parameter Class Definition and then apply it to our Person class.

Greetable.js

var cocktail = require ( 'cocktail' ); cocktail . mix ({ '@exports' : module , '@requires' : [ 'getGreeting' ], sayHi : function (){ var greeting = this . getGreeting (); console . log ( greeting + "!" ); } });

And now we can refactor our previous Person class:

Person.js

var cocktail = require ( 'cocktail' ), Greetable = require ( './Greetable.js' ); cocktail . mix ({ '@exports' : module , '@traits' : [ Greetable ], '@properties' : { greeting : 'Hello' }, constructor : function ( greeting ) { if ( greeting ) { this . setGreeting ( greeting ); } } });

Notice that our Greetable trait declares a getGreeting as a required method. We are applying the trait to our Person class. We didn’t define the getter for greeting property but it is created when we declare @properties annotation.

Now let’s use our classes in a simple example. We can create a couple Pirates and Persons and make them sayHi

index.js

var Person = require ( './Person' ), Pirate = require ( './Pirate' ), people = [], i ; people . push ( new Pirate ()); people . push ( new Person ()); for ( i = 0 ; i < people . length ; i ++ ) { people [ i ]. sayHi (); }

Runing index.js

$ node index.js Ahoy! Hello!

That’s it, as you can see we use cocktail to help with classes definitions but it is not required to use the classes.