The Ukrainian government said it will not attack pro-Russian separatists over the Easter weekend as its US ally threatened Moscow with new sanctions if it fails to persuade the militants to surrender.

The Kremlin denies having control over gunmen who want their eastern regions to follow Crimea in being annexed by Russia. Moscow scolded Washington for treating Russia like a “guilty schoolboy” following their agreement in Geneva on Thursday that Ukrainian militants should disarm and vacate occupied buildings.

Ukraine’s government, short of effective forces, has shown little sign of trying to recapture the dozen or so town halls, police stations and other sites seized over the past two weeks, despite proclaiming the launch of an “anti-terrorist operation”.

The foreign ministry promised “the suspension of the active phase of the anti-terrorist operation” among a list of government initiatives to defuse the crisis issued late yesterday. A spokeswoman for the SBU state security service said on Saturday the suspension was “linked to the implementation of the Geneva agreement and the Easter holidays”.

“The anti-terrorist operation was put on hold for the Easter time and we will be not using force against them at this moment,” foreign minister Andriy Deshchytsia was quoted today as saying by Britain’s BBC.

Yesterday he warned the militants that “more concrete actions” could be taken next week if they failed to start surrendering to international peace monitors.

Deshchytsia met officials in Kiev today from the OSCE, a European security body that includes both NATO members and Russia. The OSCE will oversee implementation of the Geneva accord, under which Russia, Ukraine, the United States and European Union agreed to a process of disarmament and an end to occupations as part of wider programme to defuse the gravest East-West crisis since the end of the Cold War.

A senior OSCE official will head to Donetsk, the biggest city of the Russian-speaking east, later today. OSCE officials said there was so far no indication from militants there that they had the “political will” to give up.

Yesterday, separatist leaders said Russia’s signature on the Geneva deal was not binding on them. Moscow denies Western assertions that it is controlling the Ukrainian activists.

Putin proposal

After weeks of bitter mutual recriminations, Vladimir Putin held out the prospect of better relations with the West today but the Russian president made clear it would depend on concessions from his adversaries in the crisis over Ukraine.

“I think there is nothing that would hinder a normalisation and normal cooperation,” he said in an interview to be broadcast by Russian state television in which he commented favourably on the appointment of a new head of Nato. “This does not depend on us. Or rather not only on us. This depends on our partners.”

Russia denies preparing to invade, despite massing thousands of troops on the frontier. Today a Kremlin spokesman said troops on the border were there only as a precaution against any spillover of violence, not to interfere in Ukraine.

President Barack Obama’s officials made clear yesterday that Russia must prevail on sympathisers in Ukraine to end the sit-ins within days or face graver economic sanctions than limited measures imposed after the seizure of Crimea.

In a transcript of an interview to be broadcast later by Rossiya television, Mr Putin spoke of having a “very good” personal relationship with former Norwegian prime minister Jens Stoltenberg, who will succeed Anders Fogh Rasmussen as secretary-general of the Western defence alliance in October.

“But let’s see how he will develop relations in his new capacity,” Mr Putin added, repeating his low opinion of Rasmussen, a former Danish premier who angered the Kremlin.

Mr Putin did not spell out what he hoped the West would do.

Moscow says its interest is only to protect its borders and Russian-speakers in Ukraine from “fascists” and others who overthrew the president Viktor Yanukovich after he sparked months of protests by rejecting closer ties with the EU.

The United States and European Union, which support the new authorities in Kiev, have imposed limited sanctions on Russian officials over Crimea but are struggling to find a common approach to curbing what they see as a drive by Moscow to recover control of its former empire.

Russia has long complained Nato’s extension of membership to Moscow’s Cold War satellites in eastern Europe and deepening ties to ex-Soviet states like Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine is part of an aggressive policy to undermine it.

Years of Western disdain for Russia’s struggles with the legacy of the communist collapse also lie behind Mr Putin’s demands - hugely popular at home - that Moscow be treated with respect. His spokesman hit back yesterday at threats of sanctions from Washington, saying it treated Russia like a “guilty schoolboy”.

US national security adviser Susan Rice said: “We believe that Russia has considerable influence over the actions of those who have been engaged in destabilising activities.

“If we don‘t see action commensurate with the commitments that Russia has made ... in Geneva ... then obviously we‘ve been very clear that we and our European partners remain ready to impose additional costs on Russia.

“Those costs and sanctions could include targeting very significant sectors of the Russian economy.”

Washington did not spell out what further sanctions it might place on Russia. With the EU, it has so far imposed visa bans and asset freezes on a small number of Russians, a response that Moscow has mocked. But some EU states are reluctant to do more, fearing that could provoke Russia further or end up hurting their own economies, which are heavily reliant on Russian gas.

Reuters