Command-line Tools

Now to the fun part. These are the command line–related tools I recommend for any web developer.

It’s the package manager. It allows you to install, uninstall, and update command-line tools and Mac applications.

To install it, open the terminal, and run this command:

During the installation, you might be asked to install the Xcode Command Line Tools if you haven’t already. Just follow the instructions on the screen.

To make sure your system is ready to brew, run brew doctor .

You can now search for packages with brew search and install them with brew install (for command-line tools) and brew cask install (for macOS applications).

You can list installed packages with brew list and brew cask list .

To update the packages’ local registry you can run brew update , and to upgrade the installed packages to their latest versions, type brew upgrade .

I recommend running brew doctor every now and then to make sure things are good and brew cleanup to remove unused files.

It’s a replacement for the terminal. It offers a lot of features that are really useful. I’ll list my favorite ones below.

To install it, open the terminal (this is the last time you’ll need it), and run:

brew cask install iterm2

Now, feel free to replace terminal from the Dock (if you have it) with iTerm2. Or just open Spotlight and type iTerm2.

Hotkey window

You can show or hide the iTerm2 window via a hotkey from anywhere very quickly.

Preferences > Keys > Hotkey > ☑️ Show/hide all windows with a system-wide hotkey

I recommend using ⌘ ` as the hotkey.

Unixyness

Copy on selection, paste on middle click, and focus follow the mouse.

Preferences > General > Selection > ☑️ Copy to pasteboard on selection

Preferences > Pointer > General > ☑️ Three-finger tap emulates middle click

Preferences > General > Pointer > ☑️ Focus follows mouse

Disable native full screen

By disabling native full screen, you can quickly make iTerm2 take the whole screen without the usual full-screen animation.

Preferences > General > Window > ☐ Native full screen windows

Shortcut for full screen: ⌥ Return

Split panes

You can divide up your tabs into multiple panes with separate sessions and quickly switch between them. This works very nicely with focus-follow mouse.

Right Click > Split Pane Vertically

Right Click > Split Pane Horizontally

I recommend creating new key bindings for those actions:

Preferences > Keys > Key Binding > +

I use ⌥ v and ⌥ h.

Shell integration

You can enable better integration between your shell and iTerm2.

iTerm2 > Install Shell Integration

Then, add the following to your .zshrc (more details about Zsh can be found in the next sections): source ~/.iterm2_shell_integration.zsh .

See the docs for more information.

Profile settings

Feel free to explore these settings and configure your profile to your liking. I recommend experimenting with background opacity and blur.

The most popular version-control system. You should install it with Homebrew before continuing:

brew install git

Visual Studio Code supports Git (and several other VCSs via extensions). But if you want to take your Git via CLI to the next level, you should check out lazygit and/or forgit.

If you want better diffs, check out Delta.

As macOS’s default shell since Catalina, Zsh is built on top of Bash and provides a lot of cool features.

The first thing I recommend is having Homebrew manage its installation — open iTerm2, and run:

brew install zsh

To update our default shell to be Homebrew’s Zsh, we need to edit the shell’s whitelist: sudo vim /etc/shells . (If you’re not comfortable with Vim, you can use TextEdit instead by running sudo open /etc/shells .)

Add a new line with /usr/local/bin/zsh , save, and close.

To change the default shell, run: chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh .

Restart the terminal, and confirm we’re on the correct Zsh by running:

echo $SHELL . You should see /usr/local/bin/zsh .

Now, we have access to many features. My favorites are:

Tab completion

Press TAB to complete a command:

Command completion

Zsh will show you all the available commands you can use. If you press TAB again, you’ll be able to navigate between the options by pressing TAB or the RIGHT and LEFT arrows. Confirm the command you want by pressing SPACE or RETURN .

Press TAB to complete file and folder names:

File and folder completion

And it’s smart enough if you type just a substring: cd p/s<TAB> expands to cd project/src .

Globbing (aka filename generation)

List only files in the current directory: ls *(.)

List only folders in the current directory and its subdirectories: ls **/*(/)

Remove all .DS_Store files recursively: rm -rf **/.DS_Store . (If you want to be sure which files will be deleted, you can press TAB before running the command, and Zsh will expand the pattern)

There are lots of qualifiers you can use to target files with specific attributes. You can enable the more complex ones by running setopt extended_glob .

Here’s one command to recursively match all normal files that have no uppercase characters or numbers in the name. They’re executable for the owner but not for the rest of the world. The owner must have the UID 1002, the file size must be above 30MB, and it must have been modified within the last month: ls -l **/([^A-Z[:digit:]])##(#q.x^X^u1002Lm+30mM-1)

You can find many other useful tips here.

And my list of keyboard shortcuts:

Regardless of its odd name, Oh My Zsh is a community-driven framework for managing your Zsh configuration. It provides hundreds of plugins and themes and makes configuring Zsh a breeze.

To install Oh My Zsh, run:

We can configure Zsh by running vim ~/.zshrc or ( open ~/.zshrc if you prefer TextEdit over Vim). You’ll see a lot of configurations added by Oh My Zsh that you can play with. If you ever need to reset your .zshrc , you can find the template here.

I’ll list my recommendations below, but I highly recommend you browse the available themes and plugins later.

Theme

Powerlevel10k is my theme of choice — it’s fast, it’s really well integrated with Git, it supports icons, and a lot more.

It has a really nice wizard that walks you through configuring it the first time that you run it:

Powerlevel10k configuration wizard

I highly recommend enabling Transient Prompt.

To install it with Homebrew, run:

brew install romkatv/powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k

And add the following line to your .zshrc :

source /usr/local/opt/powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme

It’ll override any value you have set $ZSH_THEME to.

Restart iTerm2, and you should see the configuration wizard. In the future, you can run it again with p10k configure .

Zsh plugins

zsh-syntax-highlighting: It enables highlighting of commands while they’re typed. This helps in reviewing commands before running them, particularly in catching syntax errors.

zsh-syntax-highlighting examples

To install it, run:

brew install zsh-syntax-highlighting

And add the following line to your .zshrc :

source /usr/local/share/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh

zsh-autosuggestions: It suggests commands as you type based on your history and completions.

zsh-autosuggestions demo

To install it, run:

brew install zsh-autosuggestions

And add the following line to your .zshrc :

source /usr/local/share/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh

zsh-history-substring-search: Type in any part of any command from your history, and then press chosen keys, such as the UP and DOWN arrows, to cycle through matches.

zsh-history-substring-search demo

To install it, run:

brew install zsh-history-substring-search

And add the following line to your .zshrc :

source /usr/local/share/zsh-history-substring-search/zsh-history-substring-search.zsh

If you want to use zsh-syntax-highlighting along with this script, then make sure you load it before you load this script.

Also, you need to map your arrow keys. Add the following after the source command.

bindkey '^[OA' history-substring-search-up

bindkey '^[OB' history-substring-search-down

Oh My Zsh plugins

The following plugins are made available by Oh My Zsh, like any other plugin found here. To install it, just add its name to the plugins array in your .zshrc file.

For example, to install all the recommended plugins:

plugins=( alias-finder brew common-aliases copydir copyfile docker docker-compose dotenv encode64 extract git jira jsontools node npm npx osx urltools vi-mode vscode web-search z )

alias-finder: This plugin searches the defined aliases and outputs any that match the command inputted. This makes learning new aliases easier.

brew: The plugin adds several aliases for common brew commands

common-aliases: This plugin creates helpful shortcut aliases for many commonly used commands

copydir: Copies the path of your current folder to the system clipboard

copyfile: Puts the contents of a file in your system clipboard so you can paste it anywhere

docker: This plugin adds auto-completion for Docker.

docker-compose: This plugin provides completion for Docker Compose — as well as some aliases for frequent Docker Compose commands

dotenv: Automatically load your project ENV variables from a .env file when you cd into the project root directory

file when you into the project root directory encode64: Alias plugin for encoding or decoding using the base64 command

command extract: This plugin defines a function called extract that extracts the archive file you pass it, and it supports a wide variety of archive file types

that extracts the archive file you pass it, and it supports a wide variety of archive file types git: Provides many aliases and a few useful functions

jira: CLI support for Jira interaction

jsontools: Handy command-line tools for dealing with JSON data

node: This plugin adds the node-docs function, which opens the specific section in the Node.js documentation

function, which opens the specific section in the Node.js documentation npm: The npm plugin provides completion as well as adding many useful aliases.

npx: This plugin automatically registers the npx command-not-found handler if npx exists in your $PATH

exists in your osx: This plugin provides a few utilities to make it more enjoyable on macOS

urltools: This plugin provides two aliases to URL encode and URL decode strings

vi-mode: This plugin increase Vi-like Zsh functionality

vscode: This plugin makes interaction between the command line and the VS Code editor easier

web-search: This plugin adds aliases for searching with Google, Wikipedia, Bing, YouTube, and other popular services

z: This plugin defines the z command that tracks your most visited directories and allows you to access them with very few keystrokes

Aliases

Often-used commands can be abbreviated with an alias. alias tf=”tail -f” makes it so you can run tf instead of typing tail -f .

You can add as many aliases as you want to your .zshrc .

Plugins like Git and Common Alias add a lot of aliases that’ll make you type less. But it can be hard to learn them all. That’s what the alias-finder plugin is for.

If you want to know what aliases exist for, it’s git commit :

‘alias-finder’ example

You can also set ZSH_ALIAS_FINDER_AUTOMATIC=”true” in your .zshrc to have it run automatically before each command.

There are three types of aliases:

command aliases: just like the tf example above

example above global aliases: which are substituted anywhere on a line. For example, the G alias added by the common-aliases plugin gets replaced by | grep .

ls G foobar => ls | grep foobar

alias added by the common-aliases plugin gets replaced by . => suffix aliases: These are special aliases that are triggered when a file name is passed as the command. For example: alias -s pdf=acroread invokes acroread when you run file.pdf .

Command aliases can also access the original command’s arguments by using the array $ :

loop() {

for x in {1..$1}; do $@[2,-1]; done

}

This alias runs a given command x times. For example: loop 10 echo ‘hello’ will print hello 10 times.

The JavaScript runtime built on Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine. It’s the most popular framework for running and building web applications.

To install it, run:

brew install node

If you need to manage multiple applications that need different versions of Node, I recommend nodenv.

Docker allows you to develop and deliver software in packages called containers. Containers are isolated from one another and bundle their own software, libraries and configuration files.

To install it, run:

brew cask install docker

You should also check out lazydocker, a great CLI tool for docker and docker-compose.

A collection of simplified and community-driven man pages.

tldr example

To install it, run:

brew install tldr

It’s similar to top but allows you to scroll vertically and horizontally so you can see all the processes running on the system, along with their full command lines.

To install it, run:

brew install htop

A command-line fuzzy finder.

I wrote a dedicated article for fzf, check it out:

Also, you can watch Alexey Samoshkin’s screencast:

fzf examples

To install it, run these two lines:

brew install fzf

$(brew --prefix)/opt/fzf/install

It works really well with fd and bat.

A line-oriented search tool that recursively searches your current directory for a regex pattern. By default, ripgrep will respect your .gitignore and automatically skip hidden files/directories and binary files.

To install it, run:

brew install ripgrep

A command-line tool that extracts a list of files/paths from stdin .

To install it, run:

brew install path-extractor

Watch and analyze your log files from a terminal.