The cost of implementing the high-speed railway connecting London with Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds could reach £106bn, according to a leaked, government-commissioned review.

High Speed 2 (HS2) was originally allocated £56bn, and current HS2 Ltd chairman Allan Cook revised the estimated costs to between £81bn and £88bn in October.

But the draft report, seen by the Financial Times, now predicts the cost has increased and equates to £1,600 for each person in Britain.

While recommending that the southern part of the line still goes ahead, the report urges a six-month “pause” before the second phase is implemented to evaluate whether using existing tracks could be more cost-efficient than building a totally new line.

Proponents bill HS2 as a much-needed infrastructure update and a necessary step for the future, but critics say the eye-watering costs could be used more efficiently to update existing links across the country.

IoS investigation: HS2 - the hidden cost to Britain's wildlife Show all 3 1 /3 IoS investigation: HS2 - the hidden cost to Britain's wildlife IoS investigation: HS2 - the hidden cost to Britain's wildlife 08-hs2environmental1-al.jpg At risk: The line will plough through the breeding site of the Bechstein’s bat Alamy IoS investigation: HS2 - the hidden cost to Britain's wildlife 08-hs2environmental2-gt.jpg Otters may be at risk from the HS2 line Getty Images IoS investigation: HS2 - the hidden cost to Britain's wildlife 08-hs2environmental3-epa.jpg Badgers' habitats may also be in danger EPA

Upgrading existing track and scrapping HS2 would cause "absurd disruption" for passengers, according to the chief of Network Rail.

Regardless of where you stand on the issue, here are some other ways the the government could spend £106bn.

Fund the NHS for a year

The Department of Health spent £115bn on the NHS England budget in 2018-19, according to Full Fact. Meanwhile, you could pay for up to eight years of healthcare in Scotland, which is estimated to have cost Holyrood £13.1bn in the same year.

Alternatively you could pay for 2.75 million nurses on a salary of £38,500 – no doubt helping to alleviate the shortage of tens of thousands predicted by 2021.

With Britain’s population ageing, and joint replacements rising, the money for HS2 could also fund nearly 11 million hip replacements.

Build 200 large hospitals, or 1,000 small hospitals

Matt Hancock’s pre-election pledge to build 40 new hospitals came under fire as it was quickly revealed that funding was in place for just six – including extensions to existing healthcare centres.

The £106bn likely required for HS2 could be used to build 195 new large hospitals, judging by the recent cost of £545m to build Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, which opened in 2010.

The budget for revamping or building smaller hospitals has been reported to be as small as £100m by Full Fact, which translates to 1,000 new hospitals in exchange for HS2.

Pay for nearly four million university courses

With student fees for UK residents capped at £9,250 per year, the money would be enough to pay for three years of university tuition for 3,819,000 people. It could also fund three years of the most expensive nursing bursaries available for more than a million people.

Pay for a year's-worth of pensions

The UK spent £92bn on state pensions in 2016-17, according to the Office for Budget Responsibility, and is the UK’s largest single expenditure.

Numerous large-scale rail projects

A common argument against HS2 is that there could be more efficient ways of ensuring the country is better connected.

For example, the Great North Rail Project – which will stretch across Yorkshire and Lancashire – is estimated to cost £13bn and is expected to be completed in 2022, contrasting with HS2’s proposed completion date of 2032.

Fund the royal family for a millenium

The Sovereign Grant – the amount given to the royal family from the public purse – totalled £82.2m in 2018-19. This was significantly more than in previous years due to the costs of refurbishing Buckingham Palace, but even at this higher rate, the money could pay for the grant more than 1,200 times over.

Fund the BBC for 20 years

With Boris Johnson hinting he could scrap the licence fee, there has been increased discussion of the cost of the public service broadcaster. Going by its projected 2019-20 income of £3.9bn, building HS2 could be the equivalent of another 27 years of funding for the BBC.

Run the UK's nuclear arsenal for several decades

While the annual cost of running the Trident missile system and associated submarines is thought to be about £2bn, parliament voted to renew it in 2016 at an estimated cost of £41bn. The Ministry of defence has suggested that scrapping Trident would cost around £4bn over several years.

Half of Brexit

The cost of Brexit will have reached £200bn by the end of 2020, Bloomberg analysis suggests, by which time EU law will be about to cease to be in effect, which will happen on 1 January 2021. However, Bloomberg predicts the costs of Brexit will continue to rise each year.

Archaeologists discover remains of man who named Australia during HS2 excavation

Big Ben Brexit bong bonanzas into the far future

While Mark Francois' dreams of crowdfunding the £500,000 reportedly required to ring the bell have been dashed by a lack of time to prepare, for the alleged cost of HS2 the European Research Group deputy chairman could hypothetically serve up an annual bong for the next 200,000 years.

The cost was said to be around £500,000 because of ongoing renovations, although previous costs during construction work when a bong has been planned further in advance were £14,200 each – on Remembrance Sunday and New Year's Eve – according to a recent parliamentary question.

Nationalise half of the UK's railways, water and energy companies, and the Royal Mail

Labour’s renationalisation plans in the last general election would have cost at least £196bn, the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) claimed. However this sum was greatly disputed by Labour, which criticised it as "scaremongering".

Many experts pointed out that renationalising the railways could be done at no great cost, if the government were to simply wait for rail companies' time-limited ownership to end before bringing them into public possession for free.

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