Direct and indirect free kicks and penalty kicks can only be awarded for offences committed when the ball is in play.

Direct free kick

charges

jumps at

kicks or attempts to kick

pushes

strikes or attempts to strike (including head-butt)

tackles or challenges

trips or attempts to trip

Careless is when a player shows a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or acts without precaution. No disciplinary sanction is needed





Reckless is when a player acts with disregard to the danger to, or consequences for, an opponent and must be cautioned





Using excessive force is when a player exceeds the necessary use of force and endangers the safety of an opponent and must be sent off





a handball offence (except for the goalkeeper within their penalty area)

holds an opponent

impedes an opponent with contact

bites or spits at someone

throws an object at the ball, opponent or match official, or makes contact with the ball with a held object

A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences against an opponent in a manner considered by the referee to be careless, reckless or using excessive force:If an offence involves contact it is penalised by a direct free kick or penalty kick.A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences:

See also offences in Law 3



HANDLING THE BALL

For the purposes of determining handball offences, the upper boundary of the arm is in line with the bottom of the armpit.





It is an offence if a player:

deliberately touches the ball with their hand/arm, including moving the hand/arm towards the ball

scores in the opponents’ goal directly from their hand/arm, even if accidental, including by the goalkeeper

after the ball has touched their or a team-mate’s hand/arm, even if accidental, immediately: scores in the opponents’ goal creates a goal-scoring opportunity

touches the ball with their hand/arm when: the hand/arm has made their body unnaturally bigger the hand/arm is above/beyond their shoulder level (unless the player deliberately plays the ball which then touches their hand/arm



The above offences apply even if the ball touches a player’s hand/arm directly from the head or body (including the foot) of another player who is close.



Except for the above offences, it is not an offence if the ball touches a player’s hand/arm:

directly from the player’s own head or body (including the foot)

directly from the head or body (including the foot) of another player who is close

if the hand/arm is close to the body and does not make the body unnaturally bigger

when a player falls and the hand/arm is between the body and the ground to support the body, but not extended laterally or vertically away from the body

The goalkeeper has the same restrictions on handling the ball as any other player outside the penalty area. If the goalkeeper handles the ball inside their penalty area when not permitted to do so, an indirect free kick is awarded but there is no disciplinary sanction. However, if the offence is playing the ball a second time (with or without the hand/arm) after a restart before it touches another player, the goalkeeper must be sanctioned if the offence stops a promising attack or denies an opponent or the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity.

Indirect free kick

plays in a dangerous manner

impedes the progress of an opponent without any contact being made

is guilty of dissent, using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures or other verbal offences

prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from the hands or kicks or attempts to kick the ball when the goalkeeper is in the process of releasing it

commits any other offence, not mentioned in the Laws, for which play is stopped to caution or send off a player





controls the ball with the hand/arm for more than six seconds before releasing it

touches the ball with the hand/arm after releasing it and before it has touched another player

touches the ball with the hand/arm, unless the goalkeeper has clearly kicked or attempted to kick the ball to release it into play, after: it has been deliberately kicked to the goalkeeper by a team-mate receiving it directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate







the ball is between the hands or between the hand and any surface (e.g. ground, own body) or by touching it with any part of the hands or arms except if the ball rebounds from the goalkeeper or the goalkeeper has made a save

holding the ball in the outstretched open hand

bouncing it on the ground or throwing it in the air



An indirect free kick is awarded if a player:An indirect free kick is awarded if a goalkeeper, inside their penalty area, commits any of the following offences:A goalkeeper is considered to be in control of the ball with the hand(s) when:A goalkeeper cannot be challenged by an opponent when in control of the ball with the hand(s).

PLAYING IN A DANGEROUS MANNER



Playing in a dangerous manner is any action that, while trying to play the ball, threatens injury to someone (including the player themself) and includes preventing a nearby opponent from playing the ball for fear of injury.



A scissors or bicycle kick is permissible provided that it is not dangerous to an opponent.



IMPEDING THE PROGRESS OF AN OPPONENT WITHOUT CONTACT



Impeding the progress of an opponent means moving into the opponent’s path to obstruct, block, slow down or force a change of direction when the ball is not within playing distance of either player.



All players have a right to their position on the field of play; being in the way of an opponent is not the same as moving into the way of an opponent.



A player may shield the ball by taking a position between an opponent and the ball if the ball is within playing distance and the opponent is not held off with the arms or body. If the ball is within playing distance, the player may be fairly charged by an opponent.

Disciplinary action

The referee has the authority to take disciplinary action from entering the field of play for the pre-match inspection until leaving the field of play after the match ends (including kicks from the penalty mark).



If, before entering the field of play at the start of the match, a player or team official commits a sending-off offence, the referee has the authority to prevent the player or team official taking part in the match (see Law 3.6); the referee will report any other misconduct.



A player or team official who commits a cautionable or sending-off offence, either on or off the field of play, against an opponent, a team-mate, a match official or any other person or the Laws of the Game, is disciplined according to the offence.



The yellow card communicates a caution and the red card communicates a sending-off.



Only a player, substitute or substituted player or team official may be shown the red or yellow card.

Players, substitutes and substituted players



Delaying the restart of play to show a card

Once the referee has decided to caution or send off a player, play must not be restarted until the sanction has been administered, unless the non-offending team takes a quick free kick, has a clear goal-scoring opportunity and the referee has not started the disciplinary sanction procedure. The sanction is administered at the next stoppage; if the offence was denying the opposing team an obvious goal-scoring opportunity, the player is cautioned; if the offence interfered with or stopped a promising attack, the player is not cautioned.



Advantage

If the referee plays the advantage for an offence for which a caution/sending-off would have been issued had play been stopped, this caution/sending-off must be issued when the ball is next out of play. However, if the offence was denying the opposing team an obvious goal-scoring opportunity, the player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour; if the offence was interfering with or stopping a promising attack, the player is not cautioned.



Advantage should not be applied in situations involving serious foul play, violent conduct or a second cautionable offence unless there is a clear opportunity to score a goal. The referee must send off the player when the ball is next out of play but if the player plays the ball or challenges/interferes with an opponent, the referee will stop play, send off the player and restart with an indirect free kick, unless the player committed a more serious offence.

If a defender starts holding an attacker outside the penalty area and continues holding inside the penalty area, the referee must award a penalty kick.



CAUTIONABLE OFFENCES



A player is cautioned if guilty of:

delaying the restart of play

dissent by word or action

entering, re-entering or deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee’s permission

failing to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a dropped ball, corner kick, free kick or throw-in

persistent offences (no specific number or pattern of offences constitutes “persistent”)

unsporting behaviour

entering the referee review area (RRA)

excessively using the 'review' (TV screen) signal

delaying the restart of play

dissent by word or action

entering or re-entering the field of play without the referee’s permission

unsporting behaviour

entering the referee review area (RRA)

excessively using the 'review' (TV screen) signal

A substitute or substituted player is cautioned if guilty of:

Where two separate cautionable offences are committed (even in close proximity), they should result in two cautions, for example if a player enters the field of play without the required permission and commits a reckless tackle or stops a promising attack with a foul/handball, etc.

attempts to deceive the referee e.g. by feigning injury or pretending to have been fouled (simulation)

changes places with the goalkeeper during play or without the referee’s permission (see Law 3)

commits in a reckless manner a direct free kick offence

commits a foul or handles the ball to interfere with or stop a promising attack

commits any other offence which interferes with or stops a promising attack except where the referee awards a penalty kick for an offence which was an attempt to play the ball

denies an opponent an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by an offence which was an attempt to play the ball and the referee awards a penalty kick

handles the ball in an attempt to score a goal (whether or not the attempt is successful) or in an unsuccessful attempt to prevent a goal

makes unauthorised marks on the field of play

plays the ball when leaving the field of play after being given permission to leave

shows a lack of respect for the game

uses a deliberate trick to pass the ball (including from a free kick) to the goalkeeper with the head, chest, knee etc. to circumvent the Law, whether or not the goalkeeper touches the ball with the hands

verbally distracts an opponent during play or at a restart

climbing onto a perimeter fence and/or approaching the spectators in a manner which can cause safety and/or security issues

gesturing or acting in a provocative, derisory or inflammatory way

covering the head or face with a mask or other similar item

removing the shirt or covering the head with the shirt

appearing to take a throw-in but suddenly leaving it to a team-mate to take

delaying leaving the field of play when being substituted

excessively delaying a restart

kicking or carrying the ball away, or provoking a confrontation by deliberately touching the ball after the referee has stopped play

taking a free kick from the wrong position to force a retake

denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by a handball offence (except a goalkeeper within their penalty area)

denying a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent whose overall movement is towards the offender's goal by an offence punishable by a free kick (unless as outlined below)

serious foul play

biting or spitting at someone

violent conduct

using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures

receiving a second caution in the same match

entering the video operation room (VOR)

distance between the offence and the goal

general direction of the play

likelihood of keeping or gaining control of the ball

location and number of defenders

CAUTIONS FOR UNSPORTING BEHAVIOURThere are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour including if a player:CELEBRATION OF A GOALPlayers can celebrate when a goal is scored, but the celebration must not be excessive; choreographed celebrations are not encouraged and must not cause excessive time-wasting.Leaving the field of play to celebrate a goal is not a cautionable offence but players should return as soon as possible.A player must be cautioned, even if the goal is disallowed, for:DELAYING THE RESTART OF PLAYReferees must caution players who delay the restart of play by:SENDING-OFF OFFENCESA player, substitute or substituted player who commits any of the following offences is sent off:A player, substitute or substituted player who has been sent off must leave the vicinity of the field of play and the technical area.DENYING A GOAL OR AN OBVIOUS GOAL-SCORING OPPORTUNITYWhere a player denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by a handball offence the player is sent off wherever the offence occurs.Where a player commits an offence against an opponent within their own penalty area which denies an opponent an obvious goal-scoring opportunity and the referee awards a penalty kick, the offending player is cautioned if the offence was an attempt to play the ball; in all other circumstances (e.g. holding, pulling, pushing, no possibility to play the ball etc.) the offending player must be sent off.A player, sent-off player, substitute or substituted player who enters the field of play without the required referee's permission and interferes with play or an opponent and denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity is guilty of a sending-off offenceThe following must be considered:

SERIOUS FOUL PLAY



A tackle or challenge that endangers the safety of an opponent or uses excessive force or brutality must be sanctioned as serious foul play.



Any player who lunges at an opponent in challenging for the ball from the front, from the side or from behind using one or both legs, with excessive force or endangers the safety of an opponent is guilty of serious foul play.



VIOLENT CONDUCT



Violent conduct is when a player uses or attempts to use excessive force or brutality against an opponent when not challenging for the ball, or against a team-mate, team official, match official, spectator or any other person, regardless of whether contact is made.



In addition, a player who, when not challenging for the ball, deliberately strikes an opponent or any other person on the head or face with the hand or arm, is guilty of violent conduct unless the force used was negligible.

Team Officials

Where an offence is committed and the offender cannot be identified, the senior team coach present in the technical area will receive the sanction.

WARNING

The following offences should usually result in a warning; repeated or blatant offences should result in a caution or sending-off:

entering the field of play in a respectful/non-confrontational manner

failing to cooperate with a match official e.g. ignoring an instruction/request from an assistant referee or the fourth official

minor/low-level disagreement (by word or action) with a decision

occasionally leaving the confines of the technical area without committing another offence

CAUTION

Caution offences include (but are not limited to):

clearly/persistently not respecting the confines of their team’s technical area

delaying the restart of play by their team

deliberately entering the technical area of the opposing team (non-confrontational)

dissent by word or action including: throwing/kicking drinks bottles or other objects gestures which show a clear lack of respect for the match official(s) e.g.sarcastic clapping

entering the referee review area (RRA)

excessively/persistently gesturing for a red or yellow card

excessively showing the TV signal for a VAR ‘review’

gesturing or acting in a provocative or inflammatory manner

persistent unacceptable behaviour (including repeated warning offences)

showing a lack of respect for the game

SENDING OFF

Sending-off offences include (but are not limited to):

delaying the restart of play by the opposing team e.g. holding onto the ball, kicking the ball away, obstructing the movement of a player

deliberately leaving the technical area to: show dissent towards, or remonstrate with, a match official act in a provocative or inflammatory manner

enter the opposing technical area in an aggressive or confrontational manner

deliberately throwing/kicking an object onto the field of play

entering the field of play to: confront a match official (including at half-time and full-time) interfere with play, an opposing player or a match official

entering the video operation room (VOR)

physical or aggressive behaviour (including spitting or biting) towards an opposing player, substitute, team official, match official, spectator or any

other person (e.g. ball boy/girl, security or competition official etc.)

other person (e.g. ball boy/girl, security or competition official etc.) receiving a second caution in the same match

using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures

using unauthorised electronic or communication equipment and/or behaving in an inappropriate manner as the result of using electronic or communication equipment

violent conduct

OFFENCES WHERE AN OBJECT (OR THE BALL) IS THROWN



In all cases, the referee takes the appropriate disciplinary action:

reckless – caution the offender for unsporting behaviour

using excessive force – send off the offender for violent conduct.

Restart of play after fouls and misconduct



If the ball is out of play, play is restarted according to the previous decision If the ball is in play and a player commits a physical offence inside the field of play against:

an opponent – indirect or direct free kick or penalty kick

a team-mate, substitute, substituted or sent-off player, team official or a match official – a direct free kick or penalty kick

any other person – a dropped ball

All verbal offences are penalised with an indirect free kick.

If, when the ball is in play:

a player commits an offence against a match official or an opposing player, substitute, substituted or sent-off player, or team official outside the field of play or

a substitute, substituted or sent-off player, or team official commits an offence against, or interferes with, an opposing player or match official outside the field of play,

play is restarted with a free kick on the boundary line nearest to where the offence/interference occurred; a penalty kick is awarded if this is a direct free kick offence within the offender's penalty area

If an offence is committed outside the field of play by a player against a player, substitute, substituted player or team official of their own team, play is restarted with an indirect free kick on the boundary line closest to where the offence occurred.

If a player makes contact with the ball with an object (boot, shinguard etc.) held in the hand play is restarted with a direct free kick (or penalty kick).

If a player who is on or off the field of play throws or kicks an object (other than the match ball) at an opposing player, or throws or kicks an object (including a ball) at an opposing substitute, substituted or sent-off player, team official, or a match official or the match ball, play is restarted with a direct free kick from the position where the object struck or would have struck the person or the ball. If this position is off the field of play, the free kick is taken on the nearest point on the boundary line; a penalty kick is awarded if this is within the offender’s penalty area.

If a substitute, substituted or sent-off player, player temporarily off the field of play or team official throws or kicks an object onto the field of play and it interferes with play, an opponent or match official, play is restarted with a direct free kick (or penalty kick) where the object interfered with play or struck or would have struck the opponent, match official or the ball.