Climate change’s effects are already widespread, accelerating soil erosion, bleaching coral reefs and prompting intense weather, and some of those effects might not be reversible, experts say.

But at The Ohio State University’s first-ever climate change symposium today (March 22), professors from around the university offered possible solutions to some of the problems caused by climate change—and talked about the methods they are using to study the many different ways global warming will change our world.

“I believe that the greatest challenges of the 21st century are two-fold: learning how to get along with each other on this planet, and learning how to get along with the planet on which we all depend,” said Lonnie Thompson, a climate researcher and distinguished university professor of earth sciences at Ohio State. “These two challenges deal with human behavior and are therefore closely related.”

More than 200 people attended the symposium at the Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center. Professors talked about scientific research into the public health effects of climate change and the ways climate change affects ecosystems. They detailed the economic impacts of climate change, showcased art meant to inspire discussion about climate change and described the legal aspects of creating policies that protect the environment and help humans adapt.

There is no question that moving away from burning fossil fuels—coal, oil and natural gas—for energy will help stabilize the Earth’s climate, the researchers said.

But it will also require people to use energy more efficiently, and to find ways to take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, said Jeff Bielicki, a professor of civil, environmental and geodetic engineering.

“We only have a dozen or so years to do this,” Bielicki said. “We need to be thinking about how we produce energy in ways that don’t just avoid emitting carbon dioxide, but actually reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.”

That could mean planting more forests, capturing carbon dioxide and finding places to store it, and considering ways to boost natural processes of breaking down carbon dioxide in oceans and rocks.

“These are not just scientific, engineering and technical challenges,” Bielicki said. “These are also policy and social science challenges.”

And that means modifying human behavior, not just to slow or stop climate change, but also to adapt to it. City governments—including Columbus—are already working on plans for how best to adapt to climate change, but changing human behavior is tricky.

“But if we’re thinking about climate change, we have to also be thinking about human behavior,” said Robyn Wilson, an associate professor of risk analysis and decision science.

For example, Wilson said, researchers at Ohio State are working on ways to help farmers modify their farming practices in a changing climate. Agricultural runoff contributes to cyanobacteria—toxic algae—in Lake Erie.

Researchers from across Ohio State are working on climate change issues, and the symposium was designed to bring them together, both to share ideas and to share their work.

“Climate impacts the decisions we make on a daily basis about every aspect of our lives,” said Jan Weisenberger, senior associate vice president for research at Ohio State. “If we think about the big problems that are going to be facing humanity in the next century and beyond, all of them intersect with climate.”