Protesters have gathered in Minsk to show their opposition to talks between Russia and Belarus to deepen economic ties.

Russian President Vladimir Putin and his Belarusian counterpart, Alexander Lukashenko, met in Saint Petersburg — the second meeting of the kind in a month.

Greeting Lukashenko at the start of Friday's talks, Putin said some progress on resolving outstanding issues has been made. But Russian Economics Minister Maxim Oreshkin said after the talks the two sides had failed to resolve key differences over oil and gas.

Protesters fear it could erode the post-Soviet independence of Belarus. Over 1,000 demonstrators rallied in the Belarusian capital Minsk on Friday, holding placards that read ``First Crimea, then Belarus'' and ``Stop Annexation!'' Protests were held on Saturday, too.

Such concerns were fueled by Moscow's 2014 annexation of Ukraine's the Crimean Peninsula and its support for a separatist insurgency in eastern Ukraine.

Putin, who marks two decades in power later this month, has remained coy about his political future after his current presidential term ends in 2024. He dodged a question Thursday if he could potentially extend his rule by shifting into a new governing position to become the head of a union between Russia and Belarus.

The idea alarms some residents of Belarus.

Protesters in downtown Minsk, Belarus, Friday, Dec. 20, 2019. ASSOCIATED PRESS

"``We will not allow Putin to become the president of a new Russia-Belarus state in 2024. We will never come back to the empire,'' said Pavel Severinets, the organizer of Friday's protest in Minsk.

Police allowed the unsanctioned protest to proceed unimpeded, even though Belarusian authorities routinely crackdown on opposition rallies.

``"Lukashenko doesn't want to become a Russian provincial governor,'' said 20-year-old student Pyotr Rudkevich, one of the protesters on Friday.

ASSOCIATED PRESS

Russia and Belarus signed a union agreement in 1997 that envisaged close political, economic and military ties, but stopped short of forming a single nation.

Lukashenko, who has ruled Belarus for more than a quarter-century with little tolerance for dissent, relies on cheap Russian energy and loans to shore up his country's Soviet-style economy.

The Kremlin has recently raised the pressure on Belarus, increasing energy prices and cutting subsidies. Russian officials say Minsk should accept closer economic integration if it wants to benefit from lower Russian energy prices.

In an apparent bid to win concessions, Lukashenko on Friday emphasized Belarus's role as Russia's military ally and security partner, an argument he has used repeatedly in the past to get more subsidies from Moscow.

``We have created a single defence space and our security agencies gave worked in close contact,'' Lukashenko told Putin at the start of their talks.

But the Russian president has signalled that such tactics won't work this time. He argues that Belarus can't get Russia's domestic prices for its oil and gas unless it agrees to closely coordinate its economic and financial policies and create interstate structures.

``It's a huge work, and it can be done only if there is a political will shared by both sides,'' Putin said at his annual news conference on Thursday.