Centuries before movie and television audiences thrilled to tales of werewolves, vampires and wizards and Halloween became the second biggest celebration of the year, the ancient Greeks and Romans were spinning scary stories about monsters, ghosts and the afterlife, says University of Massachusetts Amherst Classics professor Debbie Felton, who studies the folklore of the supernatural.

Felton is the author of "Haunted Greece and Rome: Ghost Stories from Classical Antiquity," which relates stories of ghosts and hauntings from ancient times, many of which are similar to modern tales of the supernatural.

"I think these Roman stories are great, and most people dont realize that ghost and werewolf stories like these were being told 2,000 years ago," says Felton. "There are many reasons why people enjoy them and enjoy being scared by them. Theres certainly a cathartic effect to hearing a ghost story and being scared out of your wits without ever being in any real danger. But, more essentially, ghost stories ultimately reflect religious beliefs concerning the importance of a proper burial and the survival of the spirit after death. The dead have a need to rest in peace, while the living have a need to believe in an afterlife; who really wants to think about eternal non-existence? And the humor in a lot of ghost stories is a good way to deal with the disturbing reality of death.

"For example, the Roman author Pliny the Younger tells a wonderful little ghost story about a haunted house in Athens," she says. "Its a prototypical haunted house story: the horrific ghost of an old man scares everyone away, the house is deserted and falling into disrepair. Finally a brave man comes along who dares to spend the night in the house. He is not afraid of the ghost, and instead realizes the phantom wants to communicate. He follows the ghost to a spot where it disappears; he digs up the spot, finds bones, buries them with the proper rituals, and the ghost never appears again."

According to Felton, another great spooky story from antiquity isnt about a ghost but a werewolf, told by the Roman author Petronius in his work "Satyricon." A man is going from Rome to a villa in the country to visit his mistress, and a soldier offers to accompany him. They stop to rest at the cemetery outside the city, and the soldier does something that terrifies his companion: he takes off his clothes and turns into a wolf. The man runs as fast as he can to the villa and finds that a wolf has ravaged the flocks there, but that one of the servants managed to wound the wolf. Hearing this, the man heads back to Rome, where he finds the soldier being treated by a doctor for wound. The man realizes the soldier is a shapeshifter. As with Plinys ghost story, this early werewolf story has many of the prototypical elements found in later such stories, including the presence of a full moon.

Along with classical writings, Felton studies literary ghost stories from the Gothic novel through British writers such as M.R. James down through American authors like Stephen King. She is currently the resident expert and coordinator for the "ghost" entry in the forthcoming Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters, where she has been collecting entries from authors on ghosts in literature and cinema from all over the world, including Africa and the Caribbean, Japan, Southeast Asia, Europe and South America. Felton is also writing a number of entries for the encyclopedia, including "The Bell Witch," "Poltergeist" and "Ghosts in American literature and cinema."

Her most recent work is on monsters in Greek and Roman literature and thought, and she recently contributed a long chapter on that subject to the Ashgate Research Companion to Monsters and the Monstrous. She is currently working on a book about serial killers in the ancient world, the topic of a number of public lectures she has given around the country.

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