TAIPEI—Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen vowed that Taiwan wouldn’t buckle under the pressure China has ratcheted up on the island, though she pledged to avoid confrontation and urged Beijing to hold talks with her government.

Ms. Tsai offered Beijing a chance to reset relations after several months in which China has used its abundant economic and diplomatic sway to try to check her government’s domestic and international agendas. She said both sides should sit down to eliminate misunderstanding, without any preconditions.

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