Blog Post

AEIdeas

The US unemployment rate has twice hit 3.5 percent this year, a level last seen in 1969. That fact alone suggests something good has been happening in the job market. But wait there’s more. The prime-age employment rate — we’re talking about workers 25 to 54 — is now back above where it was at the start of the Great Recession. Wages are growing, too. Average hourly earnings for all employees have increased by 3.1 percent over the past year, with earnings for production and nonsupervisory employees up 3.7 percent. Not bad given low inflation and, unfortunately, low productivity growth.

But perhaps the most encouraging data point is how the lowest-paid workers continue to experience faster wage growth than workers overall, which wasn’t the case in the first years of the post-Great Recession recovery. But look what’s happening lately:

The obvious explanation here is that we’re seeing the effect of a long expansion and an ever-tightening labor market. “A stronger labor market tends to reduce wage inequality, narrowing gaps between groups,” explains Indeed Hiring Lab economist Nick Bunker in a report (the same one producing the above chart). Good reason, then, for the Federal Reserve to do what it can to keep the good times rolling.

Another possible explanation is that workers are seeing the impact of minimum wage increases in various states. (My impression is that Democrats on Twitter certainly seem to think this is the real story.) So are the wage gains at the bottom mostly a result of new state government wage rules? This Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta chart suggests they are not:

And this from Atlanta Fed policy adviser John Robertson:

The blue line is the relative median wage of the lowest quartile in the 28 states that increased their minimum wage (23 states introduced new minimum wage levels, and five implemented increases legislated before 2014), and the green line is relative median wage for the states that did not increase their minimum wage. We would expect to see a rise in the relative median wage in the states that raised their minimum wage, and indeed we do. For the group of states that increased minimum wages (the blue line), the relative median wage is now closer to that of states that did not increase their minimum wage (the green line).