Interest rates have been unchanged since the Bank slashed them to 0.5% in 2009, but could now rise sooner than expected

Households are bracing themselves for the first rise in borrowing costs since the Bank of England cut interest rates to a record low more than five years ago.

Thursday's warning from Mark Carney, the Bank's governor, that rates would rise earlier than expected will take time to feed through to prices of loans and savings. But industry commentators said it could mark a change in expectations with borrowing costs already drifting higher.

The Bank slashed interest rates to an all-time low of 0.5% in March 2009 with Britain in the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. Rates have remained unchanged as the Bank has tried to support households and businesses while the economy claws its way back to growth.

But in a hardening of his position, Carney told the City that rates could now rise sooner than expected. Economists are pencilling in the first increase before the end of this year.

David Hollingworth at mortgage broker London & Country said: "Fixed-rate mortgages have been drifting up over the course of the year but this could be a trigger for some more increases.

"The Bank is at pains to say that when rates do start to move it will be gradual, so we should see a continuation of the drift upwards, but there might be an initial rush of deals disappearing."

The average rate for a five-year fixed mortgage has risen to 4.17% from 3.88% in the past year, figures from Moneyfacts show.

Hollingworth said borrowers on variable rates who have been thinking of fixing should move quickly because deals will be withdrawn long before the Bank orders the first increase. People on ultra-low variable rates may want to delay fixing and take advantage of their current deal, he said.

"You should ask: 'If rates have gone up to 2.5% or 3% how does that feel?' But in the meantime you could be overpaying to make low rates work even harder and improve your position for when we are in a higher rate environment," he said.

Many borrowers would not have been able to stay in their homes without the Bank's rate cuts. In the previous housing crash in 1991 there were 75,000 repossessions in a year. This time the number hit 50,000 in 2009 before falling back quickly. Last year there were 29,000, despite the squeeze on household incomes.

The Bank's financial policy committee is monitoring the potential effect of rising interest rates on the housing market.

Campaign groups such as Citizens Advice have warned that many households will struggle to pay their mortgages after even a small rise in interest rates, because high living costs have left them little room for manoeuvre. They also warn that higher borrowing costs will come as a shock after more than five years of near-zero rates.

As borrowers have benefited from low rates, savers have been hit badly and their returns have failed to keep pace with the increased cost of living. The average two-year fixed savings rate has fallen from an already low 1.93% to 1.75% in the past year.

Rising interest rates could bring relief for savers in the long run but they should not expect markedly better returns soon.

On top of low official interest rates, savers have been hit by the Bank's Funding for Lending scheme. Launched in August 2012, the scheme supplied banks and building societies with about £80bn of cheap funds to encourage them to lend. It pushed mortgage rates down to record lows but also meant lenders did not have to compete for savers' money to fund their mortgages.

Charlotte Nelson at Moneyfacts said: "Savings rates are at record lows because there is no appetite for savers' money. The banks and building societies haven't utilised their money from Funding for Lending yet."

Carney's speech was good news for holidaymakers, at least for now. The pound reached a more than five-year high against a basket of currencies and edged close to a five-year high against the dollar at $1.6987.