LONDON (Reuters) - Dwindling job security, heavier workloads, regulatory upheaval and the poor public image of the banking sector are taking a toll on the mental health of Britain’s bank workers.

A man walks past a branch of The Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) in central London in this August 27, 2014 file photo. REUTERS/Toby Melville/Files

Eight years after the global financial crisis, stress in the industry has pushed up demand for insurance to protect revenues against the cost of paying staff too sick to work, insurance data show.

“The problem has gone into a new stratosphere since the financial crisis ... Those who still have a job are vilified,” said Jagdev Kenth, director of risk and regulatory strategy in the financial institutions group at Willis Towers Watson.

“Most haven’t had anything to do with the scandals. They’re working longer hours, doing two to three jobs, under greater pressure. Something has to give.”

Once havens for prestigious, highly-paid and lifelong careers, banks have undergone rapid cultural and structural change at the behest of regulators tasked with reining them in.

Tougher capital rules, hefty misconduct fines, and the closure of riskier business lines have forced banks to slash staff.

Ten of Europe’s largest lenders have axed 130,000 jobs since June, Reuters data shows.

The impact of stress has reached all the way up to the higher echelons of the banking industry. In 2011, Lloyds Chief Executive Antonio Horta-Osorio took two months off after suffering sleep deprivation and exhaustion.

Two years later senior British banker Hector Sants, at the time head of compliance at Barclays, was signed off on medical after suffering stress. Sants subsequently resigned.

As risks of a global recession mount, investors want banks to slim down further. Almost three out of four bank employees admitted to workplace stress manifested by anxiety attacks, insomnia, headaches and depression, a survey conducted by trade union Unite between September and December showed.

Some 85 percent of respondents, mainly working in retail and back office roles at Lloyds Banking Group LLOY.L, Royal Bank of Scotland RBS.L, HSBC HSBA.L and TSB SABE.MC, said they worked additional unpaid hours last year.

Lloyds, RBS and TSB referred requests for comments to trade body the British Bankers’ Association, which represents all the banks covered by the Unite survey.

Around two-thirds of respondents cited heavier workloads and around a fifth blamed pressure to perform. Seventy-two percent said they were considering quitting their jobs as a result.

“Work-related stress is a very serious and increasing problem,” said Dominic Hook, the union’s National Officer for Finance, responsible for 130,000 members in financial services.

"We are working with employers to tackle the issues that cause stress, such as long working hours and the effect of long-term staffing reductions," he said, adding that a separate survey covering staff at Barclays BARC.L was under way.

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PREVENTION BETTER THAN CURE

The British Bankers’ Association said protecting staff’s physical and mental wellbeing was “a top priority” for its members, who are devising more innovative ways to prevent problems occurring.

These include in-house counselors, mental health ‘first aid’ courses, yoga sessions for traders, and more comprehensive mental healthcare plans.

HSBC said it had a number of initiatives to reduce stress-related illnesses.

“These include providing a healthcare plan to all employees with a comprehensive mental health benefit for employees and their family,” it said.

Several UK lenders have teamed up with the Bank Workers Charity to provide training for line managers on supporting stressed staff more sensitively.

“Banks are conscious that there are trends that make life stressful for their employees ... they are focusing on wellbeing in a way that they weren’t 10 years ago,” Paul Barrett, head of wellbeing at the Bank Workers Charity, told Reuters.

“There is some way to go, but they are being more proactive.”

Health and Safety Executive statistics show jobs in financial services are 44 percent more likely to lead to stress-related illnesses than the average UK job, meaning employers are also taking steps to control the hit to their finances caused by staff absences.

Demand for special insurance products known as Group Income Protection (GIP) policies is rising steadily among financial sector employers, according to global insurer MetLife.

Tom Gaynor, Employee Benefits Director at MetLife UK MET.N, said the average employer paid the equivalent of 1 to 1.5 percent of annual payroll to insure themselves against the cost of staff sick leave.

“In the UK, about 12-13 percent of companies take up GIP. In banking that figure is close to 100 percent. I don’t know an investment bank that doesn’t do it,” he said.

Data from MetLife’s core U.S. market showed investment banks are up to 30 percent more likely to make claims for staff suffering mental and psychological conditions than other policyholders on its books.

HUMAN COST OF CRISIS

Suicide mortality rates per 100,000 of population in the City of London, home to the historic Square Mile financial district, have consistently outnumbered any other London borough since 2009, government data accurate to end-2013 shows.

“Part of the problem is that we are an industry that downsizes all the time,” said one banker who has been made redundant several times in a career spanning more than three decades.

“London is also the first place people cut. There’s a constant threat of being axed in London,” he said, speaking on condition of anonymity as he is still seeking work in the sector.

Those suffering from stress in the workplace were reluctant to talk on the record to Reuters given the sensitive nature of the topic. This may also mean many cases go unreported as employees fear telling their line managers or colleagues.

New patient assessments at a specialist wellbeing clinic operated in the City by private mental healthcare firm The Priory are up 106 percent in the year to Jan. 31, with more than 70 new patients registering on average each month.

“People are feeling overwhelmed with the vast change in this business and in their careers,” said consultant adult psychiatrist Dr Paul McLaren.

“Some people may thrive on that but many more struggle and this increases the chances of them developing a mental illness, particularly if they have a vulnerability.”

A soon-to-be published survey by Willis Towers Watson found a dislocation between what employers believe are the root causes of workplace stress and what their staff are actually stressed about.

The biennial Staying@Work Survey, which covers around 1,700 companies worldwide, showed more than four-fifths of employers thought a lack of work-life balance and excessive organizational change were the biggest burdens on staff.

But 69 percent of employees said their top concern was inadequate staffing, followed by 65 percent who identified poor pay.

That means prospects for a major rebound in mood and morale among bank workers look remote.

“It’s very difficult in an industry that is downsizing and shrinking and doesn’t know where it is going. It’s perpetual boom and bust,” the banker said.

“Although right now it looks like bust, and then bust a bit more.”