Omar Sanadiki, Reuters | Smoke rises past a mountain as seen from Damascus countryside, Syria, on December 25, 2018.

Moscow on Wednesday said Israel had violated Syria's sovereignty with airstrikes the day before, after Israel and Damascus blamed each other for the hostilities.

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"We are very concerned by the attacks and how they were made. This is a gross violation of the sovereignty of Syria," the Russian ministry of foreign affairs said in a statement.

Syria said via state media that its air defences shot down Israeli missiles near Damascus, while Israel said it was protecting itself from anti-aircraft fire.

An IDF aerial defense system activated in response to an anti-aircraft missile launched from Syria. Israel Defense Forces (@IDF) December 25, 2018

Moscow's defence ministry earlier said Israeli strikes had endangered two passenger planes.

"The provocative actions of the Israeli air force ... directly threatened two airliners," ministry spokesman Igor Konashenkov said in a statement.

He said the attack came from over Lebanese territory and came as "two airliners, not from Russia, were preparing to land at the airports of Beirut and Damascus".

He said restrictions were imposed on the use of Syrian government forces' air defence systems "to prevent a tragedy". One of the planes was redirected to a Russian airbase within Syria.

The Russian defence ministry said three Syrian military personnel were injured in a strike that saw Israeli warplanes drop 16 bombs.

Of these, 14 were destroyed by Syrian defence systems, according to the ministry.

If Israel is confirmed to have instigated the strikes, it would be the first attack since US President Donald Trump announced last week the withdrawal of American troops from Syria.

Getting out of Syria was no surprise. I’ve been campaigning on it for years, and six months ago, when I very publicly wanted to do it, I agreed to stay longer. Russia, Iran, Syria & others are the local enemy of ISIS. We were doing there work. Time to come home & rebuild. #MAGA Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) December 20, 2018

Experts say Israel is to be greatly affected by a US pull out, as it would leave the area open to Iran and its partners to develop their military capacity.

Moscow is an ally of Damascus, and its intervention in Syria's civil war in 2015 was seen as key to propping up President Bashar al-Assad's regime.

(AFP)

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