I'm not sure what causes this, but I've been having the same issue for months with Linux Mint 19.1.

sudo alsa force-reload

This fixes it for me, but not permanently. I have this command saved in a document in my home folder for whenever I need it.

If someone else could chime in on why this is happening/status of it being fixed that would be much appreciated. Problems like this are what keep Windows users from switching to Linux.