Simply curl or command-line tool and library for transferring data with URLs. curl provides a wide range of support to download files and folders with a command-line interface. curl can be used with a lot of different types of protocols. Below are the protocols currently supported by the curl.

DICT

FILE

FTP/FTPS

Gopher

HTTP

HTTPS

IMAP/IMAPS

LDAP/LDAPS

POP3/POP3S

RTMP

RTSP

SCP

SFTP

SMB

SMTP/SMTPS

Telnet and TFTP

SSL certificates

HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading, HTTP form based upload, proxies, HTTP/2, cookies, user+password authentication (Basic, Plain, Digest, CRAM-MD5, NTLM, Negotiate and Kerberos), file transfer resume, proxy tunneling

Keep your breath because there are a lot of examples about curl where we look at them one by one.

curl Command Syntax

The syntax of the curl command is like below.

curl [options...] <url>

curl Command Man

Man page of curl can get with the following command

$ man curl

Man

curl Command Help

Simple fast help about parameters and options can get with the following command.

$ curl -h

Help

Fetch And Display with HTTP and HTTPS Connections

One of the most used types of curl is downloading HTML or similar files with HTTP/s. curl will automatically detect the transfer protocol which is HTTPs in this example.

$ curl https://www.poftut.com

Fetch And Display with HTTP/s

Download with HTTP/s and Redirect

In the previous example, the downloaded file is printed out the standard output which is our terminal. But this is generally not a practical usage. The downloaded file can be redirected to a file with a bash redirect feature like below. In this example, we can see some statistical information about the download. This information provides total size, received, average download speed, total time and times spend for download.

$ curl https://www.poftut.com > poftut.html

Download with HTTP/s and Redirect

Download with HTTP/s

There is a parameter used to save the downloaded file into a file with no extra command. This parameter is -o

$ curl -o poftut.html https://www.poftut.com

Download with HTTP/s

Limit Download Rate

Another useful feature of curl is limiting download rate. This can be very useful in situations where there is limited internet bandwidth and it should be shared with other applications. In this examples, we have limited bandwidth to 1K and this will make our download take some time

$ curl --limit-rate 1k -o poftut.html https://www.poftut.com

Limit Download Rate

Download Sequential Files

System administrators generally prefer using sequential file names for backups or similar operations. Also log files that reside in /var/log are generally names with sequentially. So downloading them one by one specifying the full name of the file is drudgery work. curl can download these files like the following example.

$ curl ftp://www.poftut.com/backup[1-9].tar

Set SSL Version For HTTPS

While using secure protocols like HTTPS, FTPS, POP3S SSL protocol will be used to create encrypted channels. SSL has a different version where this may create incompatible situations. SSL version can be specified with the --sslv2 and --sslv3 parameter. But keep in mind that curl uses GnuTLS library for cryptographic operations and GnuTLS should have support for SSLv2.

$ curl --sslv2 -o poftut.html https://www.poftut.com

Set SSL Version

Verbose and Debug Mode

While downloading and uploading files with curl there will be operations that occur background. There will be also problems that we can not know what is happening. curl can provide details about the operations with the -v parameter like below.

$ curl --ssl -v -o poftut.html https://www.poftut.com

Verbose and Debug Mode

Silent Mode

There is another mode where there will be no output to the terminal. This can be used for clean download.

$ curl -s -o poftut.html https://www.poftut.com

Specify User and Password

While using authentication required protocols and servers curl can provide these credentials like username and password.

$ curl -u ismail:mypassword -o data.tar ftp://poftut.com/backup.tar

Set Cookie For Connection

As we know HTTP is a stateless protocol. To preserve user session cookies are used. While using HTTP protocol existing cookies can be used with -b parameter like below.