

The subject of this paper grew up with a normal cognitive and social life, and didn't discover his hydrocephalus — which had all but obliterated his brain — until he went to the doctor for an unrelated complaint.

The authors advocate research into "Computational models such as the small-world and scale-free network"— networks whose nodes are clustered into highly-interconnected "cliques", while the cliques themselves are more sparsely connected one to another. De Oliviera et al suggest that they hold the secret to the resilience of the hydrocephalic brain. Such networks result in "higher dynamical complexity, lower wiring costs, and resilience to tissue insults." This also seems reminiscent of those isolated hyper-efficient modules of autistic savants, which is unlikely to be a coincidence: networks from social to genetic to neural have all been described as "small-world". (You might wonder— as I did— why de Oliviera et al. would credit such networks for the normal intelligence of some hydrocephalics when the same configuration is presumably ubiquitous in vegetative and normal brains as well. I can only assume they meant to suggest that small-world networking is especially well-developed among high-functioning hydrocephalics.) (In all honesty, it's not the best-written paper I've ever read. Which seems to be kind of a trend on the 'crawl lately.)

The point, though, is that under the right conditions, brain damage may paradoxically result in brain enhancement. Small-world, scale-free networking— focused, intensified, overclocked— might turbocharge a fragment of a brain into acting like the whole thing.

Can you imagine what would happen if we applied that trick to a normal brain?