Trigonometric Unification.

Abbasids (750—1258[1]), the Fatimids (909—1171[2]) and the Umayyads of Cordoba (929—1031[3]).[4] The Abbasids were directly descended from Muhammad's (571—632[5]) bloodline through his uncle,[6][7] the Fatimids were descended from the daughter of Muhammad, Fatimah (605—633[8]),[4] and the Umayyad's claimed no direct ancestry.[9] The longest of these periods was that of the Abbasids, who were pivotal in leading two crucial revolutions, one military and the other intellectual (particularly following the Battle of Talas (751) which was hugely influential in spreading the technology of paper-making throughout the world—which until then, had remained a tightly guarded secret; although this is somewhat disputed as some evidence suggests that it was already known to the Muslims). The rise of the Islamic Golden Age thus begins in 750 and ends in 1258, when all the dynasties had ceased to exist. The end of the Abbasid dynasty was particularly traumatic, as the Mongols (who were largely illiterate[10]) devastated the capital of Baghdad,[11] destroying much of it's intellectual and historical heritage, and incorporated it into the Mongol Empire (the only people spared were Nestorian Christians, who at the request of Hulagu Khan's (1218—1265[12]) Christian wife, Dokuz Khatun (d. 1265[13]), asked only for them not to be massacred[14]). Many Armenians (12,000 cavalrymen and 40,000 infantrymen[15])[16] and Georgians also participated in the massacre—of genocidal proportion—murdering between 800,000—2,000,000 people.[17] Khan died several years after the siege and was buried on Shahi Island, Iran, along with his wealth that is yet to be found.[18] The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1198—1375[19]) itself ceased to exist in 1375,[20] when the Mamluk Empire (1250—1517[21]) conquered it.[22] The Islamic Golden Age was brought about by three dynasties; the(750—1258), the(909—1171) and the(929—1031).The Abbasids were directly descended from Muhammad's (571—632) bloodline through his uncle,the Fatimids were descended from the daughter of Muhammad, Fatimah (605—633),and the Umayyad's claimed no direct ancestry.The longest of these periods was that of the Abbasids, who were pivotal in leading two crucial revolutions, one military and the other intellectual (particularly following thewhich was hugely influential in spreading the technology of paper-making throughout the world—which until then, had remained a tightly guarded secret; although this is somewhat disputed as some evidence suggests that it was already known to the Muslims). The rise of the Islamic Golden Age thus begins in 750 and ends in 1258, when all the dynasties had ceased to exist. The end of the Abbasid dynasty was particularly traumatic, as the Mongols (who were largely illiterate) devastated the capital of Baghdad,destroying much of it's intellectual and historical heritage, and incorporated it into the Mongol Empire (the only people spared were Nestorian Christians, who at the request of Hulagu Khan's (1218—1265) Christian wife, Dokuz Khatun (d. 1265), asked only for them not to be massacred). Many Armenians (12,000 cavalrymen and 40,000 infantrymenand Georgians also participated in the massacre—ofproportion—murdering between 800,000—2,000,000 people.Khan died several years after the siege and was buried on Shahi Island, Iran, along with his wealth that is yet to be found.The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1198—1375) itself ceased to exist in 1375,when the Mamluk Empire (1250—1517) conquered it.