European Union member states do not have enough customs staff to cope with the additional burdens that would come with Britain leaving the EU without a trade deal, research suggests.

A hard Brexit would mean EU countries having to impose levies on goods traded with the UK that are currently tariff-free.

This would require much greater levels of enforcement at borders and ports, but many countries would not have the staff needed to implement this for at least a year after Brexit, according to analysis by the Financial Times.

Several EU states, including France and Germany, have lengthy training procedures for customs officers, meaning that, even if they began recruiting now, there would not be sufficient staff in place by the time the UK quits the EU in March 2019.

Germany trains officers for three years, while inspectors in France take two years to qualify. EU governments are said to be reluctant to invest in recruiting more officers while it remains unclear whether Britain will quit the bloc without a trade deal.

Should a trade agreement be reached, tariffs are unlikely to be introduced and so an increase in customs staff would be unnecessary.

Brexit: the deciders Show all 8 1 /8 Brexit: the deciders Brexit: the deciders European Union's chief Brexit negotiator, Michel Barnier Getty Brexit: the deciders French President Emmanuel Macron Getty Brexit: the deciders German Chancellor Angela Merkel Reuters Brexit: the deciders Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker EPA Brexit: the deciders The European Parliament's chief Brexit negotiator Guy Verhofstadt Getty Brexit: the deciders Britain's Prime Minister Theresa May Getty Images Brexit: the deciders Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer, Philip Hammond PA Brexit: the deciders After the first and second appointed Brexit secretaries resigned (David Davis and Dominic Raab respectively), Stephen Barclay is currently heading up the position PA

Reports suggest the Government is stepping up preparations for a “no deal” Brexit that would see World Trade Organisation (WTO) terms, including tariffs, used in lieu of an agreement between Britain and the EU.

Officials expect the UK to need an additional 5,000 staff to deal with customs regulations should open borders for goods between Britain and the EU cease to exist.

Ivan Rogers, Britain’s ambassador to the EU, told MPs last week that British plans for after Brexit would need to be “brutally road tested against the reality of what the other side of the channel would do in circumstances of a breakdown in the talks”.

However, foreign governments indicated a reluctance to invest in more customs officers until it becomes clearer that Britain is heading for a no deal Brexit.