Muslim women in Quebec who wear a burka or niqab could soon be required to uncover their faces to ride a city bus under a proposed provincial law.

The Couillard government's Bill 62 on religious neutrality could be put to a vote as early as Tuesday, two years after it was tabled.

The controversial legislation would effectively ban public workers — including doctors, nurses, teachers and daycare workers — as well as those receiving a service from the government, from wearing the niqab, burka or any other face covering.

Amendments introduced in August extended the proposed rules to services offered by municipalities, including public transit.

"As long as the service is being rendered, the face should be uncovered," Quebec Justice Minister Stéphanie Vallée said Monday in an interview with Daybreak host Mike Finnerty.

"This is a bill about le vivre ensemble [living together in harmony], it's a bill about guidelines and clearly establishes neutrality of the state."

The legislation, she said, is necessary for "communication reasons, identification reasons and security reasons."

Once the bill is passed, the province will work with municipalities, schools and public daycares to "establish clear guidelines," she said.

Vallée said the law would be the first of its kind in North America.

The bill has been subject to criticism from those who contend it unfairly targets Muslim women, while the two main opposition parties, the Parti Québécois and Coalition Avenir Québec, have argued it doesn't go far enough.

The Liberals hold a majority of seats at Quebec's National Assembly.

Exemptions possible?

There remains confusion about how exactly the proposed law would work.

Under the legislation, an exemption is possible if there is a "serious" request for accommodation on religious grounds.

Lucie Lamarche, a law professor and vice-president of Quebec's Ligue des droits et libertés, said the proposed law would put the burden on someone asking for an exemption. (UQAM)

However, Lucie Lamarche of Quebec's Ligue des droits et libertés said it's unclear how the term "serious" will be defined by the province and how such an exemption would work.

The law, she said, would put the burden on someone asking for an exemption when, for instance, getting a driver's licence or a bus ticket.

"The management of the [law] is a bit hard to figure out," said Lamarche, a law professor at the University of Quebec in Montreal, adding that the guidelines will inevitably be open to interpretation.

Those guidelines may not be in place until next June.

"The thing with guidelines is that they are read and applied by many people in many different contexts in many different regions," she said.

"As we know, there are many different opinions about the role of the state and the principle of state neutrality in Quebec. So it's hard to believe that those guidelines by themselves won't produce discrimination."

Not a ban on religious symbols, Vallée says

The bill, Vallée said, is unlike the PQ's failed values charter in that it doesn't target religious symbols. The law would also apply, for instance, to masked protesters.

"We're talking about having the face uncovered. It's not what is covering the face," she said.

Shaheen Ashraf, a board member of the Canadian Council of Muslim Women in Montreal, disputed that assertion.

Ashraf said the bill clearly targets Muslim women and will lead to their further marginalization in Quebec society.

Quebec Justice Minister Stéphanie Vallée defended Bill 62 by saying it doesn't target religious symbols, but would also apply, for instance, to masked protesters. (Jacques Boissinot/Canadian Press)

"For me, neutrality would be everyone believes what they want to," she said.

"Forcing someone to uncover, or forcing someone to cover: for me that's not neutrality."

Montreal Mayor Denis Coderre previously raised concerns about the bill, accusing the provincial government of overstepping its jurisdiction and ignoring the city's multicultural character.