REUTERS/Jason Reed

Judy Shelton has emerged as a potential nominee to the Federal Reserve board of governors.

The former Trump campaign adviser now serves as the US executive director at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, a multilateral lending bank based in London.

Shelton has a starkly different view of how interest rates should be set.

Judy Shelton, who has emerged as a potential nominee to the Federal Reserve board, has voiced plans to transform the way interest rates are set.

In a bid to move away from the current approach to monetary policy, Shelton told The New York Times she would be in favor of near-zero interest rates. That's likely to please President Donald Trump, who has repeatedly pressured officials to lower interest rates ahead of the 2020 elections.

Shelton said the current method of paying interest on excess reserves — or extra money that banks store at the Fed — incentivizes holding funds over lending them.

"It's like paying the banks to do nothing," she told The Times in an interview published Tuesday.

She added that the Fed could counter inflation by reducing its holdings of Treasurys and other assets, a portfolio that grew to about $4 trillion after the financial crisis in 2008. However, economists are skeptical that a smaller balance sheet would compensate for eliminating the interest rate on excess reserves.

"It's going to be very difficult to fine-tune short-term policy rates using sales and purchases of long-term securities," Menzie Chinn, an economist at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, said.

Shelton has been an outspoken critic of the central bank, questioning its response to the Great Recession in a Wall Street Journal op-ed in April.

"No other government institution had more influence over the creation of money and credit in the lead-up to the devastating 2008 global meltdown," she wrote. "And the Fed's response to the meltdown may have exacerbated the damage by lowering the incentive for banks to fund private-sector growth."

Shelton, who did not respond to emails and calls requesting comment, was an adviser to Trump's presidential campaign in 2016 and served on the Treasury Department's landing team during his transition to the White House.

She has also advocated for a return to the gold standard, a system proponents say prevents overly loose monetary policy but is dismissed by most mainstream economists.

"How does that square with her advocacy of a super-stimulative zero interest rate policy?" Kenneth Kuttner, an economist at Williams College who was previously a staffer at the Fed, asked.

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