A simple test performed at a crime scene may help forensic scientists determine whether a fingerprint belongs to a man or a woman, a new study reports.

The test is based on certain amino acids in the fingerprints. Levels are twice as high in the sweat of women as in that of men.

“Fingerprints have really been treated as pictures for more than a hundred years,” said Jan Halamek, a forensic scientist at the State University of New York at Albany and one of the study’s authors. “The only major improvements in recent years have been due to software and databases that make it faster to match fingerprints.”

Mr. Halamek and his colleagues tested fingerprints on a doorknob, a laminate desktop, a composite bench top and a computer screen. Regardless of the surface type, they found it was possible to tell whether the fingerprint belonged to a woman by testing levels of residual amino acids.