Malaysia, which has become a dumping ground for the world's plastic waste, has begun sending non-recyclable plastic scrap to the developed countries of origin, its environment minister said.

Key points: Malaysia has already sent five containers of contaminated plastic waste back to Spain

Malaysia has already sent five containers of contaminated plastic waste back to Spain More non-recyclable plastic will be sent back to other source countries next week

More non-recyclable plastic will be sent back to other source countries next week Australia is among the top exporters of plastic waste to Malaysia

Malaysia last year became the leading alternative destination for plastic scrap after China banned imports of such waste, disrupting the flow of more than 7 million tonnes of plastic scrap a year.

Since then, Australia has exported waste materials to Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia.

Dozens of recycling factories cropped up in Malaysia, many without an operating licence, and residents complained of environmental damage.

The United States, Britain, Japan and Australia are among the top exporters of plastic waste to Malaysia.

Most of the plastic scrap coming into the country is contaminated and low-quality plastic from developed countries that is non-recyclable.

Now Malaysia has begun sending back the waste to its country of origin, said Yeo Bee Yin, Malaysia's minister of energy, technology, science, climate change and environment.

"Developed countries must be responsible in what they send out," Ms Yeo said.

She said some of the plastic scrap sent to Malaysia was in violation of the Basel Convention, a UN treaty on the trade of plastic waste and its disposal.

First shipment sent back to Spain

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Ms Yeo threatened to send the waste back last month saying, "Malaysia will not be the dumping ground of the world."

She posted images of illegal plastic shipments on her Facebook page along with international regulations on plastic waste.

Now the process is underway, with the first five containers of contaminated plastic waste that was smuggled into the country sent back to Spain, Ms Yeo said.

The minister did not identify the smugglers but said an investigation was ongoing.

More non-recyclable plastic will be sent back to its source next week, she said.

Malaysia's imports of plastic waste from its 10 biggest source-countries jumped to 456,000 tonnes between January and July 2018, versus 316,600 tonnes purchased in all of 2017 and 168,500 tonnes in 2016. More recent data is not available.

'Take your S*** back'

Australia's waste exports to Indonesia, Vietnam, India and Malaysia have risen since China brought in restrictions. ( ABC News: Graphic by Jarrod Fankhauser )

Australia is also in the firing line of Indonesian environmentalists, who say Australian waste is effectively being "smuggled" in huge amounts under the guise of plastic and waste paper supposedly sent for recycling.

Last month, environmentalists protested outside Australia's consulate in the East Java capital of Surabaya with banners reading "Indonesia is not [your] recycling bin".

They called their protest "Take Your Shit Back From Indonesia", while demanding that the Australian Government introduce stricter regulations on waste exports.

During 2018, imports of waste materials to East Java from Australia reached 52,000 tonnes, a 250 per cent increase from 2014.

Plastic unsuitable for recycling is burnt, which releases toxic chemicals into the atmosphere. Or it ends up in landfill, potentially contaminating soil and water sources.

Around 180 countries reached a deal on Friday to amend the Basel Convention to make global trade in plastic waste more transparent and better regulated, while also ensuring that its management is safer for human health and the environment.

The United States, the world's top exporter of plastic waste, has not ratified the 30-year-old pact.

The amendments to the treaty will further limit the flow of plastic scrap to developing countries, said Ms Yeo, adding it was unfair for the developed world to dump their waste on developing countries such as Malaysia.

"The amendment of the Basel Convention is the first step in solving the global problem of unjust rubbish movement from developed to developing countries," she said.

ABC/Reuters