This work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001134), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001134) and the Wellcome Trust (FC001134), as well as specific project funding from the Wellcome Trust (IA 200829/Z/16/Z to M.R.) and the ERC (StG260809 to M.R.). V. O.-S. was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Mexico (postdoctoral fellowship 232510.), M.T.A. by the Warwick Medical School and D.A.P.N. by the Austrian Science Fund (Doctoral Program Biomolecular Technology of Proteins, FWF W1224). We thank A. Flint, H. Lee and D. Panneman for help with experiments; and A. Carter and E. Morales-Rios (MRC-LMB, Cambridge), M. K. Jensen (DTU), N. Typas and A. Koumoutsi (EMBL Heidelberg), G. Liti (University of Nice) and J. Hallin (Universite Laval) for providing strains, plasmids and enabling us to access their facilities.

Peer review information

Nature thanks Kazuei Igarashi, Jens Nielsen and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.