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A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Tradipitant in Treating Inflammatory Lung Injury and Improving Clinical Outcomes Associated With Severe or Critical COVID-19. (NCT04326426). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04326426?term=tradipitant&cond=COVID&draw=2&rank=1. 2020 Mar 30; Accessed: 2020 Apr 03.

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A study to assess the efficacy and safety of gimsilumab in subjects with lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to coronavirus disease 2019. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04351243?term=gimsilumab&draw=2&rank=1. 2020 Apr 17; Accessed: April 17, 2020.

Roivant Announces Development of Anti-GM-CSF Monoclonal Antibody to Prevent and Treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in Patients with COVID-19. Roivant Sciences. 2020 Mar 18. Available at http://Roivant Announces Development of Anti-GM-CSF Monoclonal Antibody to Prevent and Treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in Patients with COVID-19.

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Investigating otilimab in patients with severe pulmonary COVID-19 related disease (OSCAR). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04376684. 2020 Aug 25; Accessed: August 26, 2020.

Phase 3 study to evaluate efficacy and safety of lenzilumab in patients with COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04351152. 2020 Aug 05; Accessed: August 7, 2020.

I-MAB Biopharma Announces Development of TJM2 to Treat Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated with Severe and Critically-Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). I-MAB Biopharma. 2020 Mar 13. Available at http://www.i-mabbiopharma.com/en/article-491.aspx.

Efficacy and safety study of allogeneic HB-adMSCs for the treatment of COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04362189. 2020 Aug 12; Accessed: September 11, 2020.

MediciNova announces opening of investigational new drug application for MN-166 (ibudilast) for prevention of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19. MediciNova. 2020 Jul 01. Available at https://investors.medicinova.com/news-releases/news-release-details/medicinova-announces-opening-investigational-new-drug-1.

Safety and efficacy of NP-120 (ifenprodil) for the treatment of hospitalized patient with confirmed COVID-19 disease. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04382924. 2020 Jul 09; Accessed: July 21, 2020.

Eculizumab (Soliris) in Covid-19 Infected Patients (SOLID-C19). ClinicialTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04288713. 2020 Mar 30;

Alexion Announces Plans to Initiate Phase 3 Study of ULTOMIRIS® (ravulizumab-cwvz) in Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19. Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2020 Apr 20. Available at https://alexionpharmaceuticalsinc.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/alexion-announces-plans-initiate-phase-3-study-ultomirisr.

Intravenous aviptadil for critical COVID-19 with respiratory failure (COVID-AIV). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04311697. 2020 Jun 04; Accessed: June 9, 2020.

RLF-100 (aviptadil) individual patient expanded access. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04453839. 2020 Jul 01; Accessed: July 1, 2020.

Inhaled aviptadil for the treatment of moderate and severe COVID-19 (AVICOVID-2). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04360096. 2020 Jun 29; Accessed: August 7, 2020.

Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ATYR1923 in patients with severe pneumonia related to COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04412668. 2020 Jun 04;

Evaluation of Safety & Efficacy of BIO-11006 Inhalation Solution in Patients with ARDS. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03202394?term=NCT03202394&draw=2&rank=1. 2018 Dec 06; Accessed: Apr 24, 2020.

Chimerix Announces Initiation of a Phase 2/3 Study of DSTAT in Acute Lung Injury for Patients with Severe COVID-19. Chimerix. 2020 Apr 29. Available at https://ir.chimerix.com/news-releases/news-release-details/chimerix-announces-initiation-phase-23-study-dstat-acute-lung.

A study of opaganib in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia (COVID-19). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04414618. 2020 Jul 31;

Opaganib, a sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2) inhibitor in COVID-19 pneumonia. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04467840. 2020 Jul 17; Accessed: July 31, 2020.

LB1148 Now Available for Investigational Use to Treat Pulmonary Dysfunction Associated with COVID-19 Pneumonia. Leading BioSciences. 2020 May 15. Available at https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/05/15/2034269/0/en/Leading-BioSciences-Receives-IND-Clearance-for-Phase-2-COVID-19-Study.html.

Phase III DAS181 Lower Tract PIV Infection in Immunocompromised Subjects (Substudy: DAS181 for COVID-19): RCT Study. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03808922?term=DAS181&cond=COVID&draw=2&rank=4. 2020 Apr 17;

Applied Therapeutics Announces IND and Investigator-Initiated Studies of AT-001 in Critical COVID-19 Patients. Applied Therapeutics. 2020 Apr 02. Available at https://ir.appliedtherapeutics.com/news-releases/news-release-details/applied-therapeutics-announces-ind-and-investigator-initiated.

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Biohaven receives FDA may proceed letter to begin phase 2 trial of intranasal vazegepant to treat lung inflammation after COVID-19 infection. Biohaven Pharmaceuticals. 2020 Apr 09. Available at https://www.biohavenpharma.com/investors/news-events/press-releases/04-09-2020.

Karyopharm announces dosing of first patient in randomized study evaluating low dose selinexor in patients with severe COVID-19. Karyopharm Therapeutics. 2020 Apr 20. Available at https://investors.karyopharm.com/news-releases/news-release-details/karyopharm-announces-dosing-first-patient-randomized-study.

Evelo Biosciences, Rutgers University, and Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Announce Submission of IND for a Phase 2 Study of EDP1815 in COVID-19 Patients. Evelo Biosciences. 2020 May 07. Available at http://ir.evelobio.com/news-releases/news-release-details/evelo-biosciences-rutgers-university-and-robert-wood-johnson.

Acalabrutinib study with best supportive care versus best supportive care in subjects hospitalized with COVID-19 (CALAVI US). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04380688?term=acalabrutinib&cond=COVID&draw=2&rank=1. 2020 May 08; Accessed: May 12, 2020.

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VERU-111 suppresses key cytokines responsible for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19. Veru, Inc. 2020 Aug 04. Available at https://verupharma.com/news/veru-111-suppresses-key-cytokines-responsible-for-severe-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-in-covid-19/.

Q BioMed partner Mannin Research developing potential treatment for patients infected with coronavirus and other infectious diseases. Q BioMed. 2020 Feb 04. Available at https://qbiomed.com/news-and-media/news-2020/180-q-biomed-partner-mannin-research-developing-potential-treatment-for-patients-infected-with-coronavirus-and-other-infectious-diseases.

Diffusion Pharmaceuticals receives FDA guidance for international phase 1b/2b COVID-19 clinical program with TSC. Diffusion Pharmaceuticals. 2020 July 27. Available at https://investors.diffusionpharma.com/News/news-details/2020/Diffusion-Pharmaceuticals-Receives-FDA-Guidance-for-International-Phase-1b2b-COVID-19-Clinical-Program-with-TSC/default.aspx.

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FDA authorizes OPKO Health clinical trial evaluating Rayaldee in COVID-19 patients. OPKO Health. 2020 Jun 01. Available at https://www.opko.com/news-media/press-releases/detail/394/fda-authorizes-opko-health-clinical-trial-evaluating.

PureTech advances LYT-100 (deupirfenidone) for treatment of serious respiratory complications that persist following resolution of COVID-19 infection. PureTech Bio. 2020 May 28. Available at https://www.puretechhealth.com/news/23-press-releases/1218-puretech-advances-lyt-100-deupirfenidone-for-treatment-of-serious-respiratory-complications-that-persist-following-resolution-of-covid-19-infection.

Ashvattha Therapeutics subsidiary Orpheris announces FDA agreement to initiate phase 2 study evaluating OP-101 in severe COVID-19 patients. Ashvattha Therapeutics. 2020 May 28. Available at http://avttx.com/ashvattha-therapeutics-subsidiary-orpheris-announces-fda-agreement-to-initiate-phase-2-study-evaluating-op-101-in-severe-covid-19-patients/.

A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of IMU-838 as Addition to Investigator's Choice of Standard of Care Therapy, in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04379271. 2020 May 11;

Immunic, Inc. announces first patients enrolled in investigator-sponsored phase 2 clinical trial of IMU-838 in combination with oseltamivir for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Immunic, Inc. 2020 Jul 27. Available at https://www.immunic-therapeutics.com/2020/07/27/immunic-inc-announces-first-patients-enrolled-in-investigator-sponsored-phase-2-clinical-trial-of-imu-838-in-combination-with-oseltamivir-for-the-treatment-of-patients-with-moderate-to-severe-covid-19/.

Oryzon announces enrollment of first patient in ESCAPE: a Phase II clinical trial with vafidemstat in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Oryzon Genomics. 2020 May 18. Available at https://www.oryzon.com/sites/default/files/PRESS_RELEASE_13-2020.pdf.

An investigation on the effects of icosapent ethyl (Vascepa) on inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04412018. 2020 Jun 05;

Prazosin to prevent COVID-19 (PREVENT-COVID Trial). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04365257. 2020 May 15; Accessed: June 16, 2020.

Konig MF, Powell M, Staedtke V, Bai RY, Thomas DL, Fischer N, et al. Preventing cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 using α-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists. J Clin Invest. 2020 May 26. [Medline]. [Full Text].

Study of Ampion for the treatment of adult COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen supplementation. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04456452. 2020 Jul 24;

Fulcrum Therapeutics Announces Initiation of Multi-Center Phase 3 (LOSVID) Trial with Losmapimod for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Fulcrum Therapeutics. 2020 Jun 24. Available at https://ir.fulcrumtx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/fulcrum-therapeutics-announces-initiation-multi-center-phase-3.

Durect Corporation announces initiation of patient recruitment in phase 2 safety and efficacy study of DUR-928 in COVID-19 patients with acute liver or kidney injury. Durect Corporation. 2020 Jul 01. Available at https://investors.durect.com/news-releases/news-release-details/durect-corporation-announces-initiation-patient-recruitment?field_nir_news_date_value[min]=2020.

Aclaris Therapeutics Supports Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trial of ATI-450 for Cytokine Release Syndrome in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Aclaris Therapeutics. 2020 Jun 17. Available at https://investor.aclaristx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/aclaris-therapeutics-supports-investigator-initiated-clinical.

Study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of leronlimab for mild to moderate COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04343651. 2020 Jun 11; Accessed: July 13, 2020.

Study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of leronlimab for patients with severe or critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04347239. 2020 Jun 11; Accessed: July 13, 2020.

Biophytis receives FDA IND clearance for COVA, a phase 2/3 clinical trial with sarconeos (BIO101) for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 related respiratory failure. Biophytis. 2020 Jul 01. Available at https://www.biophytis.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Biophytis-COVA-FDA-IND-Clearance-PR-EN-vF-.pdf.

FDA clears abivertinib for Phase 2 safety and efficacy study in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Sorrento Therapeutics. 2020 July 20. Available at https://investors.sorrentotherapeutics.com/news-releases/news-release-details/fda-clears-abivertinib-phase-2-safety-and-efficacy-study.

Safety, tolerability and efficacy of nangibotide in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 and features of systemic inflammation. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04429334. 2020 Jun 12; Accessed: July 23, 2020.

Can-Fite Submits Investigational New Drug Application to U.S. FDA for COVID-19 Phase II Study. Can-Fite BioPharma. 2020 Jul 27. Available at https://ir.canfite.com/press-releases/detail/917/can-fite-submits-investigational-new-drug-application-to-u-s-fda-for-covid-19-phase-ii-study.

LSALT peptide vs placebo to prevent ARDS and acute kidney injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04402957. 2020 Jun 16; Accessed: : July 28, 2020.

ReAlta Life Sciences announces U.S. FDA clearance of first investigational new drug application for RLS-0071. ReAlta Life Sciences. 2020 Jul 28. Available at https://realtalifesciences.com/realta-life-sciences-announces-u-s-fda-clearance-of-first-investigational-new-drug-application-for-rls-0071/.

Safety and antiviral activity of BLD-2660 in COVID-19 hospitalized subjects. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04334460. 2020 Sep 03; Accessed: September 15, 2020.

Enzychem Lifesciences announces FDA acceptance of phase 2 study of EC-18 in preventing acute respiratory distress Syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 pneumonia. Enzychem Lifesciences. 2020 Aug 14. Available at https://www.enzychem.com/enzychem-lifesciences-announces-fda-acceptance-of-phase-2-study-of-ec-18-in-preventing-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards-due-to-covid-19-pneumonia/.

A study of cell therapy in COVID-19 subjects with acute kidney injury who are receiving renal replacement therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04445220. 2020 Aug 13; Accessed: August 19, 2020.

BCG Vaccine for Health Care Workers as Defense Against COVID 19 (BADAS). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04348370. 2020 May 27; Accessed: August 19, 2020.

Synthetic cannabinoid drug for COVID-19 approved for phase 1 clinical trials. Forbes. 2020 Aug 20. Available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/emilyearlenbaugh/2020/08/20/synthetic-cannabinoid-drug-for-covid-19-approved-for-phase-1-clinical-trials/#7b9374223329.

Capricor Therapeutics announces U.S. FDA acceptance of its IND application for a phase 2 clinical trial of CAP-1002 in patients with COVID-19. Capricor Therapeutics. 2020 Aug 25. Available at https://irdirect.net/prviewer/release/id/4433141.

Study of LAU-7b for the treatment of COVID-19 disease in adults (RESOLUTION). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04417257. 2020 Jul 17; Accessed: August 26, 2020.

SPI-1005 treatment in severe COVID-19 patients. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04483973. 2020 Jul 23; Accessed: September 14, 2020.

CEL-SCI Initiates Development of Immunotherapy to Treat COVID-19 Coronavirus Infection. Cel-Sci. 2020 Mar 09. Available at https://www.irdirect.net/prviewer/release_only/id/4254600.

Innovation Pharmaceuticals Brilacidin Received by U.S. Regional Biocontainment Laboratory; Testing Against Coronavirus (COVID-19). Innovation Pharmaceuticals. 2020 Mar 09. Available at http://www.ipharminc.com/press-release/2020/3/9/innovation-pharmaceuticals-brilacidin-received-by-us-regional-biocontainment-laboratory-testing-against-coronavirus-covid-19.

Inhibitory Effect of Innovation Pharmaceuticals’ Brilacidin on SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Primary Human Immune Cells to be Studied at Leading Public Health Research Institute. Innovation Pharmaceuticals. 2020 May 05. Available at http://www.ipharminc.com/press-release/2020/5/5/inhibitory-effect-of-innovation-pharmaceuticals-brilacidin-on-sars-cov-2-covid-19-in-primary-human-immune-cells-to-be-studied-at-leading-public-health-research-institute.

Celularity Announces FDA Clearance of IND Application for CYNK-001 in Coronavirus, First in Cellular Therapy. PRNewswire. 2020 Apr 02. Available at https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/celularity-announces-fda-clearance-of-ind-application-for-cynk-001-in-coronavirus-first-in-cellular-therapy-301034141.html.

Aldeyra receives study may proceed letter from FDA to initiate clinical trial of ADX-629 in COVID-19 patients. Aldeyra Therapeutics. 2020 Sep 09. Available at https://ir.aldeyra.com/news-releases/news-release-details/aldeyra-receives-study-may-proceed-letter-fda-initiate-clinical.

Athersys Announces Commencement of Patient Enrollment in the MACOVIA Study, a Pivotal Phase 2/3 Trial Evaluating MultiStem Cell Therapy for COVID-19 Induced ARDS. Athersys, Inc. 2020 May 05. Available at https://www.athersys.com/investors/press-releases/press-release-details/2020/Athersys-Announces-Commencement-of-Patient-Enrollment-in-the-MACOVIA-Study-a-Pivotal-Phase-23-Trial-Evaluating-MultiStem-Cell-Therapy-for-COVID-19-Induced-ARDS/default.aspx.

CD24Fc as a nonantiviral immunomodulator in COVID-19 treatment (SAC-COVID). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04317040. 2020 Apr 10;

Bucillamine in treatment of patients with COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04504734. 2020 Aug 07; Accessed: August 7, 2020.

Eiger Biopharmaceuticals provides update on clinical development activities and business operations during COVID-19 pandemic. Eiger Biopharmaceuticals. 2020 Apr 01. Available at http://www.eigerbio.com/eiger-biopharmaceuticals-provides-update-on-clinical-development-activities-and-business-operations-during-covid-19-pandemic/.

FDA approves Octapharma USA investigational new drug application for severe COVID-19 patients. Octapharma USA. 2020 May 20. Available at https://www.octapharmausa.com/en/news-contact/news-single-view.html?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1148&cHash=272a8924d90e94efcabf0d2fe596271d.

NeoImmuneTech announces clearance for investigational new drug application of NT-I7 (efineptakin alfa) in adults with mild COVID-19. NeoImmuneTech. 2020 Jul 15. Available at http://neoimmunetech.com/news/page01_view.html?number=48.

InflaRx announces decision to enter phase III development of IFX-1 in severe COVID-19 induced pneumonia. InflaRx. 2020 Jul 21. Available at https://www.inflarx.de/Home/Investors/Press-Releases/07-2020-InflaRx-Announces-Decision-to-Enter-Phase-III-Development-of-IFX-1-in-Severe-COVID-19-Induced-Pneumonia.html.

Altimmune launches clinical trial of T-COVID, an investigational intranasal immune modulator for the treatment of patients with early COVID-19. Altimmune. 2020 Jun 01. Available at https://ir.altimmune.com/news-releases/news-release-details/altimmune-launches-clinical-trial-t-covidtm-investigational.

Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of anti-spike (S) SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of ambulatory adult patients with COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04425629. 2020 Jun 25; Accessed: July 1, 2020.

Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of anti-spike (S) SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies for hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04426695. 2020 Jun 26; Accessed: July 1, 2020.

VIR-7831 for the early treatment of COVID-19 in outpatients (COMET-ICE). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04545060. 2020 Sep 10; Accessed: September 14, 2020.

A study of LY3819253 (Ly-CoV555) in participants with mild to moderate COVID-19 illness (BLAZE-1). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04427501. 2020 Aug 04; Accessed: August 7, 2020.

Lilly initiates phase 3 trial of LY-CoV555 for prevention of COVID-19 at long-term care facilities in partnership with the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases (NIAID). Lilly. 2020 Aug 03. Available at https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lilly-initiates-phase-3-trial-ly-cov555-prevention-covid-19-long.

Junshi Biosciences announces completion of enrollment in phase 1. GlobeNewswire. 2020 Jul 12. Available at https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/07/13/2060944/0/en/Junshi-Biosciences-Announces-Completion-of-Enrollment-in-Phase-I-Trial-of-SARS-CoV-2-Neutralizing-Antibody-JS016-in-China.html.

Sorrento and Mount Sinai team up for antibody cocktail COVI-Shield project. Biospace. 2020 May 08. Available at https://www.biospace.com/article/sorrento-and-mount-sinai-team-to-develop-antibody-therapy-against-covid-19/?keywords=covi-shield.

Study to evaluate STI-1499 (COVI-GUARD) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04454398. 2020 Jul 27; Accessed: August 25, 2020.

Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of AZD7442 in Healthy Adults. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04507256. 2020 Aug 11; Accessed: August 25, 2020.

Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker. The New York Times. Available at https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html. 2020 Aug 21; Accessed: August 24, 2020.

Thanh Le T, Andreadakis Z, Kumar A, Gómez Román R, Tollefsen S, Saville M, et al. The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2020 Apr 9. [Medline]. [Full Text].

Jackson LA, Anderson EJ, Rouphael NG, and, the mRNA-1273 Study Group. An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 - Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jul 14. [Medline]. [Full Text].

A study to evaluate efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 vaccine in adults aged 18 years and older to prevent COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04470427. 2020 Jul 28; Accessed: July 28, 2020.

Mulligan MJ, Lyke KE, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart SP, et al. Phase 1/2 study to describe the safety and immunogenicity of a COVID-19 RNA vaccine candidate (BNT162b1) in adults 18 to 55 years of age: Interim report. medRxiv. 2020 Jul 01. [Full Text].

Pfizer and BioNTech announce early positive updated from German phase 1/2 COVID-19 vaccine study, including first T-cell response data. Pfizer. 2020 Jul 20. Available at https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-early-positive-update-german.

Pfizer and BioNTech choose lead mRNA vaccine candidate against COVID-19 and commence pivotal phase 2/3 global study. BioNTech. 2020 Jul 27. Available at https://investors.biontech.de/news-releases/news-release-details/pfizer-and-biontech-choose-lead-mrna-vaccine-candidate-against.

Folegatti PM, Ewer KJ, Aley PK, Angus B, Becker S, Belig-Rammerstorfer S, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2020 Jul 20. [Full Text].

Single dose of Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine candidate demonstrates robust protection in preclinical studies. Johnson & Johnson. 2020 Jul 30. Available at https://www.jnj.com/single-dose-of-johnson-johnson-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-demonstrates-robust-protection-in-pre-clinical-studies.

Mercado NB, Zahn R, Wegmann F, Loos C, Chandrashekar A, Yu J, et al. Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques. Nature. 2020 Jul 30. [Medline]. [Full Text].

Novavax initiates phase 2 portion of phase 1/2 clinical trial of COVID-19 vaccine. Novavax. 2020 Aug 24. Available at https://ir.novavax.com/news-releases/news-release-details/novavax-initiates-phase-2-portion-phase-12-clinical-trial-covid.

Keech C, Albert G, Reed P, Neal S, Plested JS, Mingzhu Z, et al. First-in-human trial of a SARS CoV 2 recombinant spike protein nanoparticle vaccine. MedRxiv. 2020 Aug 06. [Full Text].

INOVIO Receives New $5 Million Grant to Accelerate Scale Up of Smart Delivery Device for Its COVID-19 Vaccine. Inovio Pharmaceuticals. 2020 Mar 12. Available at http://ir.inovio.com/news-and-media/news/press-release-details/2020/INOVIO-Receives-New-5-Million-Grant-to-Accelerate-Scale-Up-of-Smart-Delivery-Device-for-Its-COVID-19-Vaccine/default.aspx.

Inovio announces positive interim phase 1 data for INO-4800 vaccine for COVID-19. Inovio Pharmaceuticals. 2020 Jun 30. Available at http://ir.inovio.com/news-releases/news-releases-details/2020/INOVIO-Announces-Positive-Interim-Phase-1-Data-For-INO-4800-Vaccine-for-COVID-19/default.aspx.

CureVac CEO Daniel Menichella Discusses Coronavirus Vaccine Development with U.S. President Donald Trump and Members of Coronavirus Task Force. CureVac. 2020 Mar 03. Available at https://www.curevac.com/news/curevac-ceo-daniel-menichella-ber%C3%A4t-mit-us-pr%C3%A4sident-donald-trump-und-mitgliedern-der-corona-task-force-entwicklungsm%C3%B6glichkeiten-eines-coronavirus-impfstoffes.

IAVI and Merck Collaborate to Develop Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2. Merck. 2020 May 26. Available at https://www.mrknewsroom.com/news-release/research-and-development-news/iavi-and-merck-collaborate-develop-vaccine-against-sars-c.

Clover and GSK announce research collaboration to evaluate coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine candidate with pandemic adjuvant system. GlaxoSmithKline and Clover Biopharmaceuticals. 2020 Feb 24. Available at https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/media/press-releases/clover-and-gsk-announce-research-collaboration-to-evaluate-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-with-pandemic-adjuvant-system/.

GSK Strikes Deals with Vir Biotechnology and China’s Innovax Biotech Against COVID-19. GlaxoSmithKline. 2020 Apr 06. Available at https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/media/resource-centre/our-contribution-to-the-fight-against-2019-ncov/.

Dynavax and Sinovac announce collaboration to develop a Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine. Dynavax. 2020 Apr 16. Available at http://investors.dynavax.com/news-releases/news-release-details/dynavax-and-sinovac-announce-collaboration-develop-coronavirus.

Dynavax and Clover Biopharmaceuticals Announce Research Collaboration to Evaluate Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccine Candidate with CpG 1018 Adjuvant. Dynavax. 2020 Mar 24. Available at http://investors.dynavax.com/news-releases/news-release-details/dynavax-and-clover-biopharmaceuticals-announce-research.

Vaneva and Dynavax announce collaboration to advance vaccine development for COVID-19. Dynavax. 2020 Apr 22. Available at http://investors.dynavax.com/news-releases/news-release-details/valneva-and-dynavax-announce-collaboration-advance-vaccine.

Sanofi and GSK selected for Operation Warp Speed to supply United States government with 100 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Sanofi. 2020 Jul 31. Available at https://www.sanofi.com/en/media-room/press-releases/2020/2020-07-31-13-00-00.

Codagenix and Serum Institute of India Initiate Co-Development of a Scalable, Live-Attenuated Vaccine Against the 2019 Novel Coronavirus, COVID-19. Codagenix, Inc. 2020 Feb 13. Available at https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/codagenix-and-serum-institute-of-india-initiate-co-development-of-a-scalable-live-attenuated-vaccine-against-the-2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-301004654.html?tc=eml_cleartime.

Applied DNA, Takis Biotech design four Covid-19 vaccine candidates. Applied DNA Sciences. 2020 Mar 02. Available at https://adnas.com/pharmaceutical-technology-applied-dna-and-takis-biotech-covid-29-vaccine-candidates/.

UNMC, COVAXX sign agreement paving way for clinical trials of COVAXX therapeutic. UNMC Newsroom. 2020 Sep 10. Available at https://www.unmc.edu/news.cfm?match=26198.

Innovation Pharmaceuticals Brilacidin to be Researched as Possible Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccine; Brilacidin Now Being Tested as Drug and Vaccine at Different Institutions. Innovation Pharmaceuticals. 2020 Mar 17. Available at http://www.ipharminc.com/press-release/2020/3/17/innovation-pharmaceuticals-brilacidin-to-be-researched-as-possible-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-brilacidin-now-being-tested-as-drug-and-vaccine-at-different-institutions.

Hoth Update on HaloVax Partnership Vaccine to Fight COVID-19 with Sponsored Research Agreement with the Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center (VIC) of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). PRNewswire. 2020 Apr 02. Available at https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hoth-update-on-halovax-partnership-vaccine-to-fight-covid-19-with-sponsored-research-agreement-with-the-vaccine-and-immunotherapy-center-vic-of-the-massachusetts-general-hospital-mgh-301034214.html.

Kim E, Erdos G, Huang S, Kenniston TW, Balmert SC, Carey CD, et al. Microneedle array delivered recombinant coronavirus vaccines: Immunogenicity and rapid translational development. EBioMedicine. 2020 Mar 18. [Full Text].

Ufovax successfully extended its nanoparticle vaccine technology to SARS-CoV-2. Ufovax. 2020 Mar 23. Available at https://www.ufovax.com/ufovax-successfully-extended-its-nanoparticle-vaccine-technology-to-sars-cov-2/.

PDS Biotechnology Initiates Novel Vaccine Development Programs for COVID-19 and Universal Influenza. PDS Biotechnology. 2020 Apr 16. Available at https://www.pdsbiotech.com/investors/news-center/press-releases/press-releases1/56-2020-news/377-iotechnologynitiatesovelaccineevelopmentrogr20200416.

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Announces Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies to be manufacturing partner for COVID-19 vaccine candidate TNX-1800. Tonix Pharmaceuticals. 2020 Jun 01. Available at https://www.tonixpharma.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1202/tonix-pharmaceuticals-announces-fujifilm-diosynth.

Catalent partners with Spicona to develop COVID-19 vaccine candidate using GPEx cell line development platform. Catalent. 2020 Jun 10. Available at https://www.catalent.com/catalent-news/catalent-partners-with-spicona-to-develop-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-using-gpex-cell-line-development-platform/.

GSK and Medicago announce collaboration to develop a novel adjuvanted COVID-19 candidate vaccine. GlaxoSmithKline. 2020 Jul 07. Available at https://us.gsk.com/en-us/media/press-releases/gsk-and-medicago-announce-collaboration-to-develop-a-novel-adjuvanted-covid-19-candidate-vaccine/.

Zhu FC, Guan XH, Li YH, Huang JY, Jiang T, Hou LH, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2020 Jul 20. [Full Text].

A Phase II Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Recombinant Vaccine for COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector) (CTII-nCo