We’ve heard from a lot of our readers that they’d like us to take a deeper tech dive into some of the more unique project car platforms that we’ve highlighted in recent months. Perhaps none are more vocal than our loyal contingent of Volvo fans, a group who know that the road less traveled is often the more interesting, and occasionally frustrating, one to take when looking to build a project vehicle. With that in mind we’ve put together this Volvo engine swap guide that should have you dropped, locked, and ready to roll in a just a single afternoon of easy wrenching. Ha! Not really. But consider this a starting point/idea factory for anyone who’s looking to squeeze a little more speed and handling out of their bone-stock Swedish commuter.

Uncommon Performance: 1974-1993 Volvo 242/244/245

The humble Volvo 244 (sedan), 242 (coupe) and 245 (wagon) enjoyed nearly three decades of faithful service as the go-to car of choice for college professors, safety-conscious families, and free thinkers looking to escape Detroit’s grasp in an era when European imports were still a mixed bag when it came to quality and reliability. Collectively known as the Volvo 240, the line-up’s stodgy, squared-off styling concealed an overbuilt design that still ensures a steady supply of driver-quality 200-Series cars more than 20 years after the last one left the assembly line.

The end result is a cult of personality surrounding one of the iconic cars ever to come out of Sweden. The rear-wheel drive 240 also happen to have evolved into one of the least-likely performance platforms out there, with a legion of dedicated owners providing a global support group for anyone who wants to try to squeeze at least a little speed and better handling out of these modestly-appointed automobiles. Volvo fans aren’t just found in their natural epicenter of Sweden, either – the United States is the next-most common country to spot a hopped-up 240 sitting at the autocross or quarter-mile starting line.

There are many paths to take on the journey from slow poke to FTD behind the wheel of a Volvo 240. We dug down into the three most common starting points when adding some giddy-up to the Volvo’s go.

From The Factory

Typically, the Volvo 240 isn’t much in a straight line right out of the box – the vast majority of 200-series Volvos you’ll find lurking on Craigslist are fitted with one of a handful of venerable, but meek naturally-aspirated four-cylinder engines, fuel injected, low-compression mills hovering between 100 and 130 horsepower depending on the model and year. Still, there were a number of factory models available that were quicker than average, and which have become respectable starting points for would-be tuners.

If you want to keep things in the family, there are a few Volvo-sourced swaps that are for the most part plug-and-play. Volvo was the first automaker to bring a turbocharged wagon to the American market (the famed redblock B21FT engine, with the mightier B21ET offered in Europe), and that experiment continued well past the 200-Series being put out to pasture, which means that it’s relatively easy to sources a turbocharged four-cylinder motor from either a 700-Series or 900-Series car and make it work in your 240. Forget chasing naturally-aspirated power, as you money will go a lot farther in the world of forced induction.

Which engine should you target? The B230FT 2.3-liter redblock is one of the most popular swaps, with ‘L’ block engines produced post-1993 offering thicker cylinder walls and a unique oil cooling system for the pistons. Truth be told, however, even ‘K’ block or early B23 motors outfitted with the intercooler boost system are good for over 160 horses and decent torque in stock trim (although somewhat fragile connecting rods vulnerable to crankshaft flex are something to watch out for, fixed in later models thanks to a 50% thicker design and the relocation of the axial bearing).

This is a 940, you could put it in a 240. Don’t @ us.

From The Aftermarket

Turn up the boost via a larger turbo, add supporting fuel mods, and remap the ECU and you are looking at an easy 250 horsepower with solid reliability from a B230FT, but the first stop on the Volvo aftermarket typically isn’t in the engine department – rather, it’s to address to platforms various handling deficiencies. We spoke to Jared Lohnes at iPd, one of the longest-running (since 1963) Volvo performance operations in the United States, and he told us that the first modification he recommends is a set of larger swaybars front and rear, which won’t compromise the ride, but will definitely wake-up handling. The stock 240 setup was intended to prioritize comfort over cornering, and Jared also considers a set of lowering springs (usually up to a 35mm drop), stiffer shock absorbers, and poly bushings all around as a great starting point. As with any car, larger wheels and stickier tires will tie it all together and offer some of the best bang for your buck when it comes to improving the car’s reflexes.

Once you’ve got the handling locked down, the next step for most Volvo tuners is to improve engine breathing via a larger, less restrictive exhaust, and a ported and polished head. A more aggressive camshaft is also a popular seller for iPd, and Lohnes explained that it’s a simple afternoon job whether you’re running an NA or turbocharged Volvo engine. Most of the time the stock rear differential is going to be able to hold whatever Volvo-sourced power you throw at it (with the 700-Series G80 locker a popular choice for extra traction), so it’s not something you’ll need to upgrade right away, but if your clutch has seen better days that’s not a bad place to allocate some of your budget. You might be tempted by chassis bracing and strut tower bars, but keep in mind that the stiffer you make the car, the less comfortable it will be on regular roads. Know your goals before ordering parts for your project and don’t go overboard and risk ending up with a car you won’t enjoy driving.

From Left Field

Rear-wheel drive, solid construction, plentiful parts availability – all three of these factors add up to a community of third-party engine swaps with a history dating back to the 1980s when Converse Engineering began selling the first Volvo 240s outfitted with 5.0-liter Ford V8 engines. While the 302 continues to be a common, and relatively affordable swap for the Volvo crowd, the 200-Series is not immune to the wave of LS appreciation that has swept over the entire customization community. Affordable starting points include 4.8-liter and larger 5.3-liter V8s scored from GM SUVs, while pricier builds involving 5.7-liter LS1 engines have all been done and documented online, opening up a world where 300 to 400 horsepower is easily attainable.

Surprisingly, the extra torque brought on by these swaps doesn’t have much of a negative effect on driveline components as one would think. If you want to graduate from the world of one-wheel burnouts to a full-locking diff out back, however, then a stouter unit is recommended (the 8.8-inch, 31-spline pumpkin out of a Ford Explorer is a popular choice). It’s also important to consider the extra weight – roughly 200 lbs in the case of an LS engine – when installing a V8 swap, which means bigger front brakes like those found under Jeremy Taplin’s 1990 245 that we profiled earlier this year are a sound investment.

Remember – these are just a few of the things you can do to a Volvo 240 to get the juices flowing quicker than they did when your sedan, coupe, or wagon originally left the factory. The only limit to how wild you want to get with your car is typically your budget, but if you use your imagination you can usually get around any financial roadblocks with a little creative engineering.

Volvos are fun!

If you’d like to delve deeper into the Volvo performance community, we recommend checking out Turbo Bricks, one of the best online communities dedicated to the art of Swede speed. In addition to iPd USA, you can also get in touch with Elevate, which recently acquired K-PAX. While focused on more modern Volvos, it’s not a bad place to call if you’re swapping a newer drivetrain into your 240. For more of a classic perspective – along with access to race-tested engine expertise – Vintage Performance Development has been focused on the Volvo community for the past 15 years.

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