From his vantage point high above the earth in the International Space Station, Astronaut Ed Lu captured this broad view of Hurricane Isabel. Credit: NASA

Climate change will boost the odds up to 14-fold for extremely rare, hard-to-predict tropical cyclones for parts of Australia, the United States and Dubai by 2100, researchers said Monday.

The research, published in the journal Nature Climate Change, used a new approach to predict the frequency and intensity of rare superstorms dubbed "grey swans".

They focused on the high-risk coastal regions of Cairns in northeast Australia, Tampa in south Florida, and Dubai, and used an innovative statistical method to compensate for the lack of historical records.

The analysis by Ning Lin of Princeton University and a colleague showed that surges generated by grey swans striking Tampa or Cairns could reach six metres (20 feet), and four metres for Dubai.

The damage caused by grey swans, as with all cyclones and hurricanes, is mostly from storm surges, which can be enhanced by higher water levels and tides.

Hurricane Katrina, which left 1,500 people dead and caused some $75 billion (68 billion euros) in damages in 2005, exemplified the destructive potential of such surges.

Even though tropical storms have never been recorded in the Gulf, the researchers found, local conditions suggested there was potential for a massive "once-in-10,000-year" storm.

When climate change—and future increases in sea level—were added to the mix, the chances of a grey swan increased manyfold.

Toward the end of this century (project here for the years 2068 to 2098) the possibility of storm surges of eight to 11 meters (26 to 36 feet) increases significantly in cities not usually expected to be vulnerable to tropical storms, according to recent research in the journal Nature Climate Change. Credit: Ning Lin, Kerry Emanuel

For Tampa, for example, the interval for a freak storm—based on a "business-as-usual" scenario of unmitigated greenhouse gas emissions—drops from one every 10,000 years today, to about one every 2,100 years by mid-century, and one every 1,600 years by 2100.

"That means that the likelihood of such a storm in any given year will be between around four and 14 times higher at the end of the century than it is today," Lin said.

The UN's climate science panel says sea levels will rise 26 to 98 centimetres (10 to 39 inches) by century's end.

Explore further Tenfold increase in hurricane frequency this century, research predicts

© 2015 AFP