The indictment charges Mr. Weinstein with first-degree and third-degree rape as well as first-degree criminal sexual act. The top charges carry a penalty of five to 25 years in prison, if convicted. He was released on Friday after turning in his passport and posting $1 million bail.

Once a Hollywood powerhouse known for making award-winning films, Mr. Weinstein has become a national symbol of sexual misconduct by powerful men and the catalyst for the global #MeToo movement.

Now he faces felony charges in State Supreme Court in Manhattan. The criminal sex act count stems from an encounter with Lucia Evans. She told The New Yorker, and then investigators from Mr. Vance’s office, that Mr. Weinstein forced her to perform oral sex during what she thought would be a casting meeting at the Miramax office in TriBeCa in 2004.

The victim in the rape case has not been publicly identified. Prosecutors have said she was attacked on March 18, 2013, inside a DoubleTree hotel at 569 Lexington Avenue. “This defendant used his position, money and power to lure young women into situations where he was able to violate them sexually,” the lead prosecutor, Joan Illuzzi, said at Mr. Weinstein’s arraignment.

Mr. Weinstein’s lawyer, Benjamin Brafman, has said both of the encounters were consensual. He has said Ms. Evans did not report the incident to the police for nearly 14 years. The second woman, he said, had a 10-year-long romantic liaison with Mr. Weinstein that continued for years after the alleged attack.