Residents and community leaders say the violence damaged the area’s economic prospects, but they also say the city should do more to boost development in what was once the city’s predominantly black community.

A line of customers snakes through Mario's Westside Market as employees help with orders on Wednesday, April 26, 2017, in Las Vegas. Bridget Bennett Las Vegas Review-Journal @bridgetkbennett

Cars and pedestrians move along Bonanza Road near the Historic Westside sign above F Street in Las Vegas on Wednesday, April 26, 2017. Chase Stevens Las Vegas Review-Journal @csstevensphoto

Employee Ray Perking, left, helps customer George Smith, right, with an order at the meat counter at Mario's Westside Market on Wednesday, April 26, 2017, in Las Vegas. Bridget Bennett Las Vegas Review-Journal @bridgetkbennett

Employee Clovis Moore works behind the meat counter at Mario's Westside Market on Wednesday, April 26, 2017, in Las Vegas. Bridget Bennett Las Vegas Review-Journal @bridgetkbennett

Owner of Mario's Westside Market Mario Berlanga Jr. greets a customer at his store on April 14, 2017 in Las Vegas. Bridget Bennett Las Vegas Review-Journal @bridgetkbennett

Owner of Mario's Westside Market Mario Berlanga Jr. chats with a customer at his store on April 14, 2017 in Las Vegas. Bridget Bennett Las Vegas Review-Journal @bridgetkbennett

Owner of Mario's Westside Market Mario Berlanga Jr. at his store on April 14, 2017 in Las Vegas. Bridget Bennett Las Vegas Review-Journal @bridgetkbennett

John Edmond is pictured in front of a vacant store front at Nucleus Plaza on Friday, April 28, 2017, in Las Vegas. Edmond owned the plaza when it caught fire during the 1992 riots. Bennett Las Vegas Review-Journal @bridgetkbennett

John Edmond at Nucleus Plaza on Friday, April 28, 2017, in Las Vegas. Edmond owned the plaza when it caught fire during the 1992 riots. Bridget Bennett Las Vegas Review-Journal @bridgetkbennett

Pastor William O. McCurdy at Progressive Community Church Of God In Christ on Sunday, April 24, 2017, in Las Vegas. Bridget Bennett Las Vegas Review-Journal @bridgetkbennett

Items line the shelves at Mario's Westside Market on April 26, 2017 in Las Vegas. Bridget Bennett Las Vegas Review-Journal @bridgetkbennett

While other parts of the Las Vegas Valley have grown exponentially in recent years, the Historic Westside has seen only pockets of economic development, mainly along Martin Luther King and Lake Mead boulevards.

Many neighborhood natives and longtime residents of what was once the city’s predominantly black community say the Rodney King riots 25 years ago bear considerable blame for the stagnation.

They add that neglect by the city hasn’t helped.

Some describe the community as being “stuck in time” since the unrest, pointing to prevalent empty lots, boarded-up buildings and occupied properties surrounded by chain-link fencing as evidence.

“That area, Jackson and D street, was thriving when I first came out here in the ’70s,” recalled Scott Johnson, a local developer. “There were businesses and stuff here. It seems like the whole area has taken a back seat as far as economic development.”

Jan Jones Blackhurst, who was Las Vegas mayor at the time of the riots, said a growth spurt is partly to blame. Las Vegas was experiencing a population boom in 1992, which she said helped disperse development unevenly.

“We were growing out into the suburbs. Why? Because there was readily available land at affordable prices. So that’s where you went,” Jones Blackhurst said. “That drove development into southern Clark County, out into Henderson and into Summerlin and somewhat into North Las Vegas. So everything was growing around west Las Vegas but not driving the development into west Las Vegas.”

Las Vegas City Councilman Ricki Barlow, who has represented the Westside since 2007, says he has only pushed the community’s economic development forward.

“I’ve basically driven, you know, hundreds of millions of dollars in community economic development all around this specific area,” Barlow said, adding that he also helped establish “the Hundred Plan,” a vision for the commercial transformation of west Las Vegas, and a similar document to revitalize the area’s residential neighborhoods.

Both say the 1992 riots did not help advance development goals in the area.

A neighborhood on fire

The rioting erupted in the Westside the day after four white Los Angeles Police Department officers were acquitted of the beating of black motorist Rodney King in Los Angeles on April 28, 1992.

The violence caused an estimated $6 million in property damage in and around the Westside. The biggest economic blow came when a rioter threw a Molotov cocktail into the Big 8 Market, starting a fire that quickly spread throughout the community’s only strip mall, the recently built Nucleus Plaza.

“I looked out the window and said, ‘Oh my God, the Westside is on fire,’” said Sheree Williams, who was about 13 years old during the unrest.

Billy McCurdy, pastor of the Progressive Community Church of God in Christ, said the businesses that were destroyed in the fire “had the potential of bringing a strong economic base to the community.”

“Why would you tear up your own neighborhood? It was the stupidest thing to do,” said resident Linda Sanders, who also owns TCG Graphics and Printing on Washington Avenue.

John Edmond, who owned Nucleus Plaza at the time, said it was heart-wrenching to see his own neighbors take down what he had built to help develop the community. Especially, he said, since the area was just starting to bounce back from a “dangerous” reputation outsiders ascribed to an even more economically disruptive and violent race riot in 1969.

“I spent years, since 1980, bringing in all of these different tenants, convincing the Las Vegas community that the area is safe, that the Westside should be part of mainstream Las Vegas,” Edmond said. “The perception of danger from the riots in that area keeps commerce out. That perception still persists, even though I’ve never seen a black-on-white crime in 30-odd years.”

Data provided by the Metropolitan Police Department show that the Westside this year has accounted for 5 percent of the city’s violent and property crime, essentially proportional to its share of the population.

Along with a perception of danger, the area hosts a large percentage of the city’s homeless, adding to the difficulty of luring developers or new businesses, many residents say.

Long-term consequences

The riot also made it harder to get loans.

David Washington, a longtime west Las Vegas resident, former Las Vegas fire chief, and chairman of the board of the New Ventures Capital Development Co., said access to capital is the main issue facing Westside business owners today.

“You get a lot of lip service,” Washington said. “Many of the stores that got boarded up and went under did so because they got more lip service than actual capital participation.”

It’s an issue that has long faced minority-owned businesses across the country, he said.

Nationally, black-owned businesses received just 2 percent of U.S. Small Business Administration 7a loans, which aim to help new and existing businesses, over the past six years. The percentage was somewhat higher in the 89106 ZIP code, with three of 11, or 27 percent, of the SBA loans approved since 2012 going to black-owned businesses.

The development that has occurred since 1992 has largely sprouted outside the community center and has primarily consisted of businesses that aren’t locally owned.

‘Taco Bell gave me my life back’

Today a rebuilt Nucleus Plaza has been joined by another strip mall, Edmonds Town Center, across the street. There also are pockets of new businesses and services along Martin Luther King Boulevard and Lake Mead Boulevard, like the Andre Agassi College Preparatory Academy, a Bank of America, an FBI building, a Cox Communications operation, fast-food eateries, a post office and a fire station. Tenaya Creek Brewery has also set up shop on West Bonanza Road. Historic Westside development

This development has had an impact for some.

“Taco Bell gave me my life back,” said Latanya Logan, 47, who works at the recently opened restaurant on Meadows Lane.

A Taco Bell spokesman said there are 33 employees at that location, seven of whom live in the Westside.

Frank Hawkins, a Westside native, said the business activity along MLK Boulevard is a start, but there’s still a long way to go.

“In order to circulate your money within your community, then you need to have somewhere to spend your money,” Hawkins said. “Bringing in new industry is great, but are the businesses from the community? If it’s just a national chain coming in, that’s good because that proves that there’s enough traffic and expendable income. But if the money isn’t circulating within your community, then it comes in and out. That’s a pervasive problem in low-income communities.”

A hand from the city

Many in the community say the city of Las Vegas needs to do more to help, including providing more support to large-scale projects, encouraging more development in the heart of the community and building more housing.

“The city of Las Vegas hasn’t done its portion, and neither has the county or the state,” said Elgin Simpson, a lifelong resident and community leader.

Dora LaGrande, who chairs the Southern Nevada Regional Housing Authority Board of Commissioners, agreed.

“Look at how the rest of the valley has grown. … You’ve made it happen everywhere else. What is the real reason that you haven’t made it happen (in the Westside)? And in my opinion, that’s an unwillingness to invest,” LaGrande said.

But Barlow, the area’s representative on the Las Vegas City Council, said the city is doing what it can.

Since 1994, the city has played a part in investing over $180 million in the area. That includes about $21.7 million in housing development, about $4.9 million in public buildings and many millions of dollars worth of infrastructure improvements on Martin Luther King and Lake Mead boulevards, including sidewalks, streetlamps and bike lanes.

Since 2009, the city also has sold land below market value for new business to locate to the area, including Bank of America, El Pollo Loco and Nevada Health Centers Inc.

Now that the commercial transformation has started along the main thoroughfares, Barlow said, he hopes to move development into the neighborhoods and is focused on adding rooftops.

‘Full of bull’

Mario Berlanga Jr., owner of Mario’s Westside Market, said that while the city has attracted some new businesses to the area, it hasn’t done much to help existing enterprises grow.

“I’m sure the city doesn’t want to see anybody fail. But they don’t make it easy for the business people, or anybody, to try to get help (with finding money for building improvements or business expansion),” Berlanga said, adding that he would appreciate some help navigating city paperwork and red tape.

“I think the city should get a little more involved and have more meetings with the community and ask ‘how can we help?’” he said, adding that the city is currently “full of bull when they talk about helping people over here.”

Jones Blackhurst said she understands the frustration.

“Until there’s a coordinated effort between the community, the city and the county in designing and (creating incentives for) an infill development plan in west Las Vegas, it’s going to continue to be challenging, because people can go to outside areas that aren’t developed, where it’s easy and it’s cheap.”

Mixed visions, mixed future

What the Westside’s future holds — or should hold — depends on whom you ask.

The city has its vision for the area, and various west Las Vegas factions have theirs.

Some leaders, including Ward 5 Chamber of Commerce President Katherine Duncan, would like to see an African-American-themed hotel and casino in the area. Others dream of large industries, like manufacturing operations, moving in. Retired Assemblyman Harvey Munford would like to see public-private partnerships for certain projects, mirroring a bill he sponsored while in office but failed to pass.

Meanwhile, church leaders are discussing whether they should drop opposition to businesses that may be at odds with community values, like liquor stores, to prevent them from opening near the area’s many churches, McCurdy said.

Vision or no vision, community redevelopment efforts and plans are aligning with traditional patterns of gentrification and will drive the community’s growth, said Christie Baston, an associate professor of sociology at UNLV.

As property values continue to rise in Las Vegas as a whole, the Westside will become an increasingly attractive location to develop, she said.

And as economic changes take place, demographic changes will follow, she said, noting that the area is likely to continue to see significant growth in its Hispanic and Asian population.

Foreign investment in the area could also play a role.

Claytee White, director of the Oral History Research Center at UNLV Libraries, said Asian investment and population growth in the Westside could accelerate as the city experiences an investment boost from China, the result of nonstop Hainan Airlines service between Las Vegas and Beijing and projects like the Lucky Dragon and Resorts World.

The upshot, she said, is that the Westside will continue to evolve.

“African-Americans will never live again in just one area,” White said. “That’s not the way it’s going to be.”

Contact Nicole Raz at nraz@reviewjournal.com or 702-380-4512. Follow @JournalistNikki on Twitter.

READ MORE:

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• When Las Vegas’ Westside boiled over after Rodney King verdicts in 1992