Wells Fargo’s conduct erupted into public view in late 2016, setting off a crisis that continues to reverberate more than three years later. Mr. Stumpf, the bank’s chief executive since 2007, was quickly ousted. His successor, Timothy J. Sloan, resigned last year after failing to quell the bank’s turmoil.

Months before the bank’s troubles became public, Mr. Stumpf exercised all of his vested stock options, turning them into shares worth tens of millions of dollars that he owned outright. Wells Fargo later clawed back his unvested stock awards and some of his retirement payout, costing him $69 million but still leaving him in possession of an enviable fortune.

Further repercussions are still possible for Wells Fargo’s former leaders: The Justice Department is continuing an investigation.

Even if Thursday’s fines are the last word in regulatory action, they were an unusual flexing of federal enforcement at the highest reaches of banking.

JPMorgan Chase’s chief executive, Jamie Dimon — the longest tenured of the big bank leaders — has weathered scandals like the $6 billion trading loss brought about by a trader nicknamed the London Whale and a money-laundering case related to the Ponzi schemer Bernard L. Madoff. Two former traders for the bank have faced criminal charges, and the bank as a whole has paid nearly $44 billion in penalties since the financial crisis, but none of the enforcement actions against the bank have been directed at Mr. Dimon personally.

Bank of America has paid $76 billion in fines since the crisis — the most by any bank — but its chief executive during the 2008 panic, Kenneth D. Lewis, shelled out zero dollars to federal regulators despite presiding over the bank’s abuses of mortgage borrowers and its acquisition of the mortgage lender Countrywide Financial, another abuser. He did pay a $10 million fine, but that was the result of a settlement with New York State prosecutors.

(There have been exceptions: Angelo Mozilo, Countrywide’s leader, paid almost $68 million in fines to the Securities and Exchange Commission over his role in the financial crisis.)