Summers in the Midwest are great for outdoor activities like growing your garden or cooling off in one of the area’s many lakes and streams. But some waters aren’t as clean as they should be, thanks in part to coal ash ponds that are littered across the region. Currently, the state of Illinois has the dubious distinction of hosting the most leaking sites in the country.

Though coal ash dumps can leak harmful chemicals like arsenic and cadmium into nearby waters, so far regulators have done little to address these toxic sites. Now, thanks to landmark legislation recently signed by Illinois Gov. J.B. Pritzker, state regulators and coal companies will finally be forced to address the coal ash problem in the Land of Lincoln, signaling hope for those who have been impacted by toxic coal ash for far too long.

Red circle markers indicate coal ash sites in Illinois. Three of the state’s coal ash units — in Joliet and Springfield — have coal ash cleanup plans due soon. View the interactive map for more detail. indicate coal ash sites in Illinois. Map by Earthjustice

The Coal Ash Pollution Prevent Act comes after years of advocacy by community groups such as Eco-Justice Collaborative and the Central Illinois Healthy Communities Alliance, as well as legal work by Earthjustice, Sierra Club, and others.

The momentum for stronger coal ash protections began to build in 2014, after Earthjustice won a court settlement that forced the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to enact the first-ever federal safeguards on coal ash. The new protections were a huge win for impacted communities at risk of coal ash disasters, like the one that hit Kingston, Tennessee, where dozens of homes were destroyed in 2008.

Children enjoy tubing along the Vermilion River, which is being polluted by coal ash. Photo courtesy of Pam Richart / Eco-Justice Collaborative

The Trump administration, however, was determined to carry out the coal industry’s bidding. So in 2018, it announced it was weakening the coal ash rule. Earthjustice quickly sued the administration for its illegal action. At the same time we were defending the rule, Earthjustice attorneys were also arguing that the original 2015 protections should be even stronger. In August 2018, a court agreed, forcing policy makers and coal companies to accept the reality that they would eventually have to address this problem nationwide. Illinois alone, for example, has more than 80 impoundments, including more than 50 that must close in the next few years under the current federal rule.

While the cases played out in court, coal companies began reporting groundwater monitoring data required under the 2015 safeguards. According to industry’s own data, almost all coal ash ponds nationwide — 91% based on the first year of data reported — are contaminating groundwater with toxins above levels that the federal EPA deems to be safe.

A close-up look at coal ash seeps on the Middle Fork of the Vermillion River.

Courtesy of Prairie Rivers Network

Armed with that damning data, which came to light thanks to analysis by Earthjustice and the Environmental Integrity Project, advocates banded together to push their legislators to address the contamination. With 22 of Illinois’ 24 coal-fired power plants shown to have contaminated groundwater with unsafe levels of one or more toxic pollutants, state politicians and regulators could no longer avert their eyes to the dangers of coal ash. In Danville, Illinois, for example, local groups like Prairie Rivers Network brought the data to legislators like State Senator Scott Bennett (D-Champaign), who had long been concerned about nearby coal ash ponds contaminating his constituency’s prized gem, the Vermilion River.

The new Illinois law is just the latest sign that the coal industry’s defenses are beginning to fail across the country. Earlier this year, Virginia passed bipartisan legislation requiring a powerful utility to recycle at least 25 percent of its coal ash and move the rest to lined landfills that won’t leak into nearby waters. In addition, North Carolina passed its own coal ash legislation, requiring another major coal player to completely excavate and close all of its toxic ponds in the state.

Key aspects of the Illinois law include:

Financial assurances that the cost of coal ash cleanup will be borne by the coal companies, not taxpayers.

that the cost of coal ash cleanup will be borne by the coal companies, not taxpayers. Public participation in the form of opportunities for public review, comment and hearings on proposed permits for closing and cleaning up ash ponds. Previously, more than 20 closure plans for coal ash sites in Illinois have been approved entirely behind closed doors. Now, the community has a voice.

in the form of opportunities for public review, comment and hearings on proposed permits for closing and cleaning up ash ponds. Previously, more than 20 closure plans for coal ash sites in Illinois have been approved entirely behind closed doors. Now, the community has a voice. Regulations as protective as the federal rules as well as mandates that go above and beyond the federal rules. Those include requiring ash pond owners to evaluate closing the ponds by getting rid of the source of the pollution — i.e., digging up the ash — and prioritizing closure of high risk sites and those affecting environmental justice areas.

“After years of inaction, Illinois is finally taking steps to protect the public from the environmental and financial threats posed by coal ash ponds,” says Andrew Rehn of Prairie Rivers Network, which played a critical role in organizing, lobbying, grassroots work, and media.

Andrew Rehn of Prairie Rivers Network looks at toxic coal ash waste seepage on the shore of the Middle Fork of the Vermilion River. Chicago Tribune

Earthjustice attorney Jenny Cassel adds that pushing the coal ash bill through has been a “fantastic team effort,” with Earthjustice playing a leading role in drafting, negotiation, legal analysis and communications.

“The bill and the issue were relatively unknown in the House and we needed 60 votes to pass it,” says Cassel. “We ended up getting 77 votes, a clear sign that the bill’s bipartisan measures appealed to lawmakers on both sides of the aisle.”

Now that the bill has been signed into law, Illinois joins other states that are working to protect their citizens from toxic pollution from coal ash dumps.

Says Cassel, “For too long, utilities have been allowed to dump this pollution into unlined pits with no regard for the consequences. That will no longer be the case in Illinois.”

This piece was originally published in June 2019 and updated to reflect the latest news.