Water is one of the core essence and basic necessity for the life forms-living things on the biosphere, for the natural processes, for the communities, for society, for the economy of the country, and for on-coming generations.

Although total earth’s water (>71%) is constant, it goes through continuous hydrological cycles such as transpiring by vegetation, evaporation, runoff, infiltration and other natural processes. Consequently, the rainfall in any locations may not be the same and therefore water shortage is the final outcome.

Despite the earth’s majority of the cover is filled by water (97% by oceans), only fresh water (about 3% in which 85% is available as a glacier) is suitable for living organisms including humans. In recent years the water table is facing serious threat due to rapid population increase, industrial and urban development, over usage, climate change, global warming, shrinkage in glaciers in Arctic and Antarctic, natural calamities and negligence of people to use the water in proper way and slow replenishment of natural waters.

Consequently, water conservation can be achieved:

1) through logical policy,

2) from existing resources,

3) by mechanical auditing,

4) by rainwater harvesting,

5) water re-use,

6) increase desalination projects (to get additional sustainable water from ocean),

7) stringent regulations to adopt safe and conservative water adaptation policies by individuals in order to save the earth and improve the quality and quantity of sustainable water.

Toxic cocktails in the water

The majority of water bodies on the earth contain cocktails of toxic chemicals. In some countries along with toxic chemicals, bad sanitary quality makes water to carry biological pathogens and replenishment of these contaminated water takes several years. Moreover, chemical and biological contamination tend to increase more in the future if there is no strict water conservation/management policy that is maintained in and around developing countries, industries, in house, commercial sector, municipalities, metropolitan cities and in agriculture.

Peoples living in big cities are exposed to cocktails of toxic contaminants due to elevated aquifer/ground water contamination, decrease in the water table, less waste water treatment facilities in developing countries in which industrial development is sky rocketing and therefore replenishment of available freshwater is decreasing.

Increasing water demands in order to support population and economic growth, environmental natural ecosystems (e.g., wetlands, rivers, lakes and groundwater systems), energy growth and supply shifts expected with climate change.