7800 series integrated circuits (ICs) are 3 terminal components (TO-220 pckage) that outputs a certain voltage (5V for the 7805) as long as the input voltage is at least about 2V higher than the output voltage. The 78 indicates that it is for a positive supply in relationship to ground. The following 2 digits indicate the amount of voltage that it outputs. There is also a 79xx series that are used with voltages that are negative in relationship to ground.

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Keep in mind that the lost supply voltage is simply converted into heat based on how much current is being used and how much higher the voltage in is than the voltage out. More current and more voltage dropped = more heat generation.

All limitations of components should be checked with the datasheet. Here’s a handful of important ones, and is not guaranteed to be accurate.

Max supply voltage: 35V

Max current: 1.5A. Would need a good heat sink

Internal power dissipation: Internally limited (reduces output current as needed to prevent overheating.

Video

Quick 7805 78xx voltage regulator integrated circuit IC demonstration by electronzap







I bought this voltage regulator kit. Many component kits include the 7805 in them.





TO-220 component heat sinks used in a few of my videos. Helps a lot in reducing heat buildup.

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