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Under increasing financial pressure from the web and the decline of print advertising, newspapers and other traditional media outlets have been laying off staff and trying to fill the gap with services such as Journatic — the hyperlocal aggregator that uses offshore workers — or simply doing without things like copy editors. But are there other solutions to that reporting gap? Crowdsourcing journalism through sites like Reddit could be one, but crowdfunding could be another: One journalist in Michigan has raised funding through a Kickstarter campaign so he can travel around the U.S. interviewing people about the upcoming election. Could crowdfunding allow other journalists to do investigative or in-depth projects as well?

Media blogger Jim Romenesko first called attention to the campaign by Chris Killian, a journalist from Kalamazoo who came up with the idea of driving through swing states like Iowa, Pennsylvania and New Hampshire in order to take what he calls the “pulse of the people.” On Sunday, just a few days after Romenesko’s report, Killian said he had reached his campaign goal, although it should be noted that it was not overly ambitious: He was only looking for $2,500 that he could use for living expenses, since he is planning to live and work out of his 1984 Volkswagen camper van ($2,000 of the total figure is for gas).

Could journalists crowdfund major projects?

Killian says he wants to get what he calls “grass-roots, organic and sincere stories” from everyday people about their lives and the economic prospects in their part of the U.S. He said he plans to talk to people of all political stripes and ask them “what we need to do differently to tackle the big challenges that we need to face to grow and prosper. Is the American Dream still alive?” The Michigan-based journalist, who is a staff writer for the newspaper in Kalamazoo but is also a freelance writer, says video and audio interviews will be available on a website for the project, called “Swing State Stories.”

Without meaning any offense to Killian, his project is definitely somewhat eccentric, and the amount he is asking for seems almost absurdly low. That’s especially when we are used to reading about a school-bus monitor who got more than $500,000 after being bullied by her charges or a young boy whose cardboard arcade at his father’s auto-parts store led to more than $200,000 being donated to his college fund. But could the core idea — raising money from potential readers for a specific project — work in principle for other journalistic pursuits? And would it work for mainstream media outlets, or just individuals?

The idea of crowdfunding journalism isn’t a new one: Journalist and entrepreneur David Cohn started a company called Spot.us in 2008 to do exactly that and had some notable successes, such as a feature on the “garbage patch” in the Pacific Ocean, a joint project with the New York Times. Earlier this year the company was acquired by American Public Media and merged with the Public Insight Network, and the website says it has more than 15,000 contributors and 110 publishing partners (Cohn has since moved on to a new project, a media startup called Circa).

Crowdfunding might work better for individuals

It’s probably fair to say Spot.us isn’t really a household name, however — at least, not in the same way that Kickstarter has become the poster child for crowdfunding of both products and causes (although the bus-monitor fundraising came through competitor Indiegogo). In that sense, using Kickstarter might be more likely to win journalists some awareness and credibility if they started a campaign for a specific research project, the way Killian has. I have seen estimates from newspaper editors that the typical investigative project requires about $200,000 in funding for a paper to pursue. Could that amount be crowdfunded? Perhaps.

That said, however, I’m not sure whether a platform like Kickstarter or Indiegogo or even Spot.us would work that well if a campaign were to be started by a major newspaper or the owner of a chain like Advance Publications, which has been laying off staff and shutting down printing at some of its newspapers. That kind of behavior isn’t likely to endear readers to the media outlet or make them want to donate money to it, whereas a unique or even eccentric project from an individual journalist like Killian seems to be more in the spirit of a Kickstarter campaign. Indie musician Amanda Palmer raised $1 million for a record and tour, but a record label would be unlikely to see the same kind of success.

It would be interesting to see other journalists experiment with the kind of thing Killian is doing, however. There have been some projects that fit a similar mold, including one in which an independent cartoonist and war correspondent raised money for a reporting trip to Afghanistan in 2010. Maybe Morgan Jones, the 18-year-old who turned a Reddit thread into a journalistic outlet during the recent shootings in Colorado, could raise money to turn his account on the site into a permanent reporting gig.

Update: I would be remiss if I didn’t mention one of the most prominent journalism-oriented Kickstarter campaigns — namely, a project called Matter, which is focused on publishing in-depth science journalism. According to co-founder Bobbie Johnson (Full disclosure: Bobbie is a GigaOM colleague who is based in England) the campaign is the best-financed journalism project ever on Kickstarter.

Post and thumbnail images courtesy of Flickr user Tracy O.