Greece's parliament has approved a bill granting same-sex couples the right to a civil union, becoming one of the last European countries to give them legal recognition after years of opposition from the influential Orthodox church.

A number of EU countries including Britain, France and Spain have legalised gay marriage, but some southern and eastern European states have made slower progress.

Key points: Greek parliament votes to allow civil unions for same-sex couples

Greek parliament votes to allow civil unions for same-sex couples Law deals with property and inheritance, but not adoption

Law deals with property and inheritance, but not adoption Greek Orthodox Church frowns upon same-sex relations and opposes bill

Greek Orthodox Church frowns upon same-sex relations and opposes bill Thirteen European countries have legalised same-sex marriage

The new Greek law resolves property and inheritance issues, but makes no provision for the adoption of children.

"This is an important day for human rights," Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras told the chamber.

Mr Tsipras said the bill gives same-sex couples "equal rights in life and death", terminating a practice of "backwardness and shame" for Greece.

Greece had been condemned for anti-gay discrimination by the European Court of Human Rights in 2013, after gay couples were explicitly excluded from a prior civil unions law in 2008.

"Instead of celebrating this, we should apologise to thousands of our fellow citizens," Mr Tsipras said.

The law was supported by 193 lawmakers out of 249 present, with 56 voting against it.

Amnesty International hailed the move as a "historic step" but noted that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) persons still faced hostility in Greece.

"Despite this first step, LGBTI people in Greece still live in a climate of hostility from which the authorities are failing to protect them adequately," said Gauri van Gulik, Amnesty International's Deputy Director for Europe and Central Asia.

"Physical attacks are on the rise, hate speech is common and goes unchecked by the authorities. Even displays of affection between same-sex couples are censored on television."

Amnesty further pointed out that the law offers no gender recognition to transgender people.

In addition to Mr Tsipras' left-wing Syriza party, the bill was supported by another four parties.

However, the nationalist Independent Greeks (ANEL), who are part of the governing coalition, voted against the motion.

"The Greek constitution protects motherhood. Is there motherhood in men?" asked ANEL lawmaker Vassilis Kokkalis.

Greek Orthodox Church opposes move

Members of the Greek gay, lesbian and transsexual community had earlier staged protests outside parliament and the Athens cathedral.

"Love is not a sin," read a sign held by protesters as two young men dressed like priests kissed in front of the cathedral.

The country's first two same-sex civil marriages held in 2008 were annulled by a court a year later under pressure from the Greek Orthodox Church, which officially frowns upon same-sex relations.

Lobbying by the church was also instrumental in excluding same-sex couples from benefitting from the 2008 civil union bill which modernised family law and aligned national law with EU rules.

A prominent Greek bishop this week described homosexuality as a "crime" and said "accursed" gays should be "spat upon".

Same-sex marriage has already been legalised in 18 countries, including 13 in Europe.

Ireland last May became the first to approve gay marriage through a referendum.

More than 60 per cent of Slovenian voters opposed legalising gay marriage in a referendum on Sunday, where activists had hoped to see the largely Catholic nation become Europe's first ex-communist country to give same-sex couples the right to marry and adopt.