SEOUL, South Korea — The day after South Korea elected a new president, the mood on the campus of Yonsei University in Seoul was bleak.

Many students, who might have been expected to celebrate the victory of a liberal, Moon Jae-in, to the presidency on Tuesday, instead spoke of fears about their prospects in a country plagued by corruption, household debt and other economic ills.

“Unfortunately, because we ourselves do not see the future of Korea as so rosy, I do not want to bring up children in this unpromising society,” said Bang Seong-deok, 26, a civil engineering doctoral student taking a break with a friend outside a classroom block on Wednesday. “I think that mentality is persistent among many of my peers.”

Anger at the collusive ties between government and business was at the heart of the protests that led to the impeachment of Mr. Moon’s predecessor, Park Geun-hye. During the election campaign, Mr. Moon vowed to end that corruption, but he also promised to address other factors that had fueled the revolt: skyrocketing household debt, high youth unemployment and stagnant wages, all of which are hobbling the economy.