Egyptian politicians are considering passing legislation which would impose unprecedented controls over social media platforms in an effort to crack down on both extremism and criticism of President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi’s government.

Two separate bills submitted to parliament last month include measures such as linking accounts to users’ national identification numbers to create a user database, charging registration fees when signing up for accounts, and establishing an Egypt-only Facebook-style platform.

The proposals have been met with widespread criticism by the public and civil rights activists, who have pointed out that the government has no control over international social media companies, that extensive monitoring of social media use is an invasion of citizens’ privacy, and that lawbreakers will still find other ways to communicate even if the restrictions are imposed.

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“People around the world have different cultures, and their freedom varies depending on their ability to bear responsibilities. A country like Egypt with a high illiteracy rate cannot be put on par with the US and Europe,” Riyad Abdul Sattar, one of the politicians who sponsored the bills, told al-Monitor.

While Egypt, like many other countries, already tracks IP addresses suspected of terrorism links, the bill is necessary for national security reasons, he said.

The country has seen intermittent unrest since President Mohamed Morsi was overthrown in the 2011 revolution. Egypt's security forces and religious minorities have become the frequent attack of Sunni extremists such as Isis, based in the Sinai peninsula.

The proposed law would also protect women from abuse when pictures and videos of them are spread online, he added.

If Mr Abdul Satter’s bill passes into law those who fail to obtain a ‘social media licence’ for their chosen sites within six months will be fined 5,000 Egyptian pounds (£213). Repeat offenders could face six months in prison.

Another bill proposed by parliamentarian Mohammad Komi would create an Egypt-only social networking site. Users would have to sign up using their national ID number, curbing fake or abusive accounts, and the country could stand to make profit through the initiative through advertising, he argued.