Intro

Sometimes there are occasions where direct internet access is not possible (proxy/offline/airgapped). Even in this setups it is possible to deploy and use Kubernetes with openSUSE Kubic and a local private registry.

In this blog I will explain how to setup a local server which acts as private registry providing all the container images needed to deploy Kubernetes with openSUSE Kubic.

Installation

OS

As OS for our host serving the required services openSUSE MicroOS is used, which needs to be installed with the MicroOS Container Host system role.

The following additional packages are required and need to be installed:

container-registry-systemd

mirror-registry

skopeo with the latest sync patches as provided in openSUSE Tumbleweed

reg (optional, for testing and debugging)

# transactional-update pkg install mirror-registry skopeo container-registry-systemd reg # systemctl reboot

After the reboot the tools are available and we can start with the setup of the registry.

Registry Setup

There is a script to setup a local private registry running in containers. By default, everybody can list and pull images from it, but only the admin is allowed to push new images.

# setup-container-registry

There is no default password for the admin account, which means it is necessary to set one to be able to sync the containers to this registries. The password must be a bcrypt (blowfish) hash:

# htpasswd -nB admin

Modify the password entry for the admin account and set the new hash:

# nano /etc/registry/auth_config.yml

Additional, the ACL rules can be adjusted.

Start the containers for the registry:

# systemctl start container-registry # systemctl start registry-auth_server

Now your registry is running and should work. This can be verified with:

# reg ls localhost Repositories for localhost REPO TAGS

Certificates

By default setup-container-registry will create self signed certificates, which are valid for 1,5 year and stored in /etc/registry/certs . They can be replaced with official certificates.

If the self signed certificates are used, the public CA certificate needs to be installed on all machines, which should access the registry. Copy /etc/registry/certs/ContainerRegistryCA.crt to /etc/pki/trust/anchors/ and run update-ca-certificates on every machine.

List of container images

The tool mirror-registry will be used to create a list of containers which needs to be mirrored. It will analyse a remote registry and create a yaml file with all containers and tags matching a regex to sync with skopeo to a private registry.

This tool can run on any architecture, the target platform can be specified as argument. In contrast to this, skopeo needs to run on the target architecture. Else it will fail or sync the wrong container image if there are multi-architecture container images in the source repository.

All container images below registry.opensuse.org/kubic/ are required. Additional, it could be from help to mirror all official openSUSE container images from registry.opensuse.org/opensuse/ , too. Else utilities like toolbox will not work.

The commnd to create a list of container images is:

# mirror-registry --out kubic-full.yaml registry.opensuse.org "(^kubic|^opensuse/([^/]+)$)"

This command will mirror all builds of all versions of the required container images. But most of the time it is enough to mirror the latest build of every version:

# mirror-registry --out kubic-small.yaml --minimize registry.opensuse.org "(^kubic|^opensuse/([^/]+)$)"

kubic-small.yaml can now be further tuned. If e.g. weave is used for the POD network, flannel and the cilium containers don’t need to be mirrored and can be deleted from the list.

Private registry

From a host, which has access to the source registry and the internal private registry, the container images can now be synced with skopeo:

# skopeo sync --scoped --src yaml --dest docker --dest-creds admin:password kubic-small.yaml registry.local

The --scoped option will prefix the internal registry name to the current external repository name, so the repository will be registry.opensuse.org/... and the pull command podman pull registry.local/registry.opensuse.org/... to avoid clashes with the namespace of the internal registry or by mirroring additional registries.

The result can be verified with:

# reg ls registry.local

skopeo needs recent enough patches adding the sync option. This patches are already part of openSUSE Tumbleweed, openSUSE MicroOS and openSUSE Kubic, but not of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15.

Airgapped/offline registry

If there is no host which can access both registries, the external and the internal one, the container images needs to be copied to a disk, which then needs to be transfered into the internal network.

Copy the container images to an external disk:

# skopeo sync --scoped --src yaml --dest dir kubic-small.yaml /media/external-disk

Take the external disk to the internal registry machine and import the container images:

# skopeo sync --scoped --src dir --dest docker --dest-creds admin:password /media/external-disk localhost

Verify the result:

# reg ls registry.local

Node configuration

After the private registry is running and contains all container images, cri-o and podman need to be aware of this registry and pull the images from it.

Both tools share the same configuration file for this: /etc/containers/registries.conf .

The default configuration file is using the v1 syntax, but v2 is needed. The documentation can be found here. A working configuration template, which needs to be deployed on every kubernetes node, could look like:

[[registry]] prefix = "registry.opensuse.org/kubic" location = "registry.local/registry.opensuse.org/kubic" insecure = false blocked = false [[registry]] prefix = "registry.opensuse.org/opensuse" location = "registry.local/registry.opensuse.org/opensuse" insecure = false blocked = false

insecure: true or false . By default TLS is required when retrieving images from a registry. If insecure is set to true, unencrypted HTTP as well as TLS connections with untrusted certificates are allowed.

or . By default TLS is required when retrieving images from a registry. If insecure is set to true, unencrypted HTTP as well as TLS connections with untrusted certificates are allowed. blocked : true or false . If true, pulling images with matching names is forbidden.

After updating the configuration file, cri-o needs to be restarted on that node if it is running:

# systemctl status crio * crio.service - Open Container Initiative Daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crio.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2019-11-02 18:09:23 UTC; 8min ago [...] # systemctl stop crio # systemctl start crio

Now you can deploy kubernetes!

Configuration files

Following configuration files define the behavior of the registry and the authentication server: