NHS crisis: 19 hospitals face axe as doctors accuse Government of deliberate underfunding The NHS is facing its biggest shake up in a generation with nearly 20 hospitals marked for closure and care […]

The NHS is facing its biggest shake up in a generation with nearly 20 hospitals marked for closure and care from cradle to grave put through a wholesale overhaul to plug a £22bn black hole in health service funding, an investigation by i can reveal.

An analysis of the 44 regional blueprints drawn up by health service leaders to remodel the NHS in England – in a process which critics complain has largely bypassed patients – has revealed for the first time the extent of the cuts and drastic changes in the delivery of care that the Government wants to achieve by March 2021.

Until their recent release, the plans were a closely guarded secret with health chiefs instructing managers to keep draft details out of the public domain to prevent “politically sensitive” changes from leaking out. The final documents are in some cases so riddled with jargon and vague assertions that clinicians and politicians have said the impact of the plans is unknown.

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Our findings include: :: The proposed or likely closure of 19 hospitals, including five major acute hospitals. :: The closure of more than 2,000 beds in acute and community hospitals and the loss of nearly 3,000 jobs to create a “smaller, more agile” workforce. :: Major re-organisations of emergency and maternity care. :: A massive move to “out-of-hospital” care with patients encouraged to manage their own health needs, aided by technology which may include “virtual doctors”. Primary care “hubs” will bring health services closer to home – in one case potentially using libraries to see patients. :: Hundreds of millions of pounds are to be saved by cutting prescription costs and in some cases rationing care or operations. In north east London, managers are considering a rule that specialist beds are restricted to those who require a minimum stay of 48 hours. :: A drastic reduction in face-to-face outpatient appointments with doctors using video links to assess and discharge patients. :: A wildly-varying deficit per head of population. In the Durham, Darlington and Tees area the amount that needs to be saved by 2021 is £216 per capita but in Surrey Heartlands the amount is more than triple at £768.

Far-reaching changes

But an in-depth review of the proposals by the Johnston Press Investigation Unit, in consultation with professional bodies, shows the far-reaching nature of the changes which supporters say are necessary to produce a viable NHS designed to refocus the health service on community care.

Doctors’ leaders have told this paper that the NHS is being “deliberately underfunded” and the changes amount to a charter for cuts and creeping privatisation which together pose a threat to the founding ideals of a free at the point of delivery health service.

Consultation

Known as Sustainability and Transformation Plans (STPs), the plans represent the fruit of more than a year of consultations between more than 440 NHS organisations and 152 local authorities. But despite a timetable that is due to see them finalised by April, with far-reaching consequences for some 55 million people, the documents are almost unknown to the public.

A survey last month found that six out of seven people have never heard of the STPs, prompting warnings that the shake up is being pushed through without meaningful consultation or consent. Campaigners have told i that they also have serious concerns about the legality of the blueprints.

“We are being asked for too much and are being deliberately underfunded.” Dr Mark Porter, BMA

The sweeping changes to balance the books of a health service struggling to cope with its worst winter crisis on record brought accusations from doctors’ leaders that they amount to a ploy to hollow out the NHS while shifting blame away from ministers onto health service chiefs.

Dr Mark Porter, chairman of the British Medical Association, told i: “We are being asked for too much and are being deliberately underfunded. What this means is our inability to deliver on our promise to patients of a comprehensive service that meets the needs of everyone, when they need it, free of charge.

“We have increased numbers of patients while resources are not rising in the same way. They are deliberately cutting into the service we provide rather than streamlining services. What is being asked goes far beyond efficiency savings and dips into the area of cuts.”

Community services

At the heart of the 44 blueprints is a strategy to move the fulcrum of the NHS away from hospitals to a new set of community services integrated with social care.

Analysis of the documents shows that specialist care from stroke services to major trauma will be in many cases centralised to fewer units, where research suggests the results for patients can be improved despite longer journeys.

But the STPs make clear such changes cannot be brought about without significant changes to hospital provision, including closures. Some 44 per cent of the blueprints contain plans for the consolidation of services on fewer hospital sites.

Closure

In South West London, where one of five major acute hospitals is marked for closure, the STP makes its case bluntly. It states: “Clinicians do not believe that we will be able to recruit or pay for sufficient workforce to deliver seven-day services at five acute sites.”

Community hospital provision is also facing significant reductions with plans for the closure or redesignation of sites from Cumbria to Devon.

Campaigners argue the end result will be a move to a health insurance-based model of care. Deborah Harrington of the National Health Action Party, said: “The STP plans are pushing the NHS into the US model of ‘medicare’. We will have fewer hospitals and reduced access to qualified staff. The NHS will become a provider of last resort.”

Backing

The plans to change to a health service focused on preventing serious illness and moving care into the community while centralising services in acute hospitals have also received backing from clinicians and policy makers.

The left-leaning IPPR think-tank said many of the reforms proposed in the STPs “deserve a fair hearing” while at the same time calling on the Government to close the NHS funding gap by creating a ring-fenced “NHS tax” funded by a 1p rise in National Insurance.

A poll for Sky News last week found that 68 per cent of people would support such a tax rise, with a similar proportion arguing that the NHS is getting worse.

“There is a funding crisis in the NHS but the answer to that is not a return to the original model of the health service paid for with extra money.” Harry Quilter-Pinner, the IPPR

‘Nobody really wants to spend time in hospitals’

Harry Quilter-Pinner, a health specialist at the IPPR, said: “There is a funding crisis in the NHS but the answer to that is not a return to the original model of the health service paid for with extra money.

“There is evidence that treatment can be moved nearer to home and improve access and quality of life for patients. Despite the opposition that hospital reforms generate, nobody really wants to spend time on them. But these changes must be funded and the Government should support STP leaders rather than play a blame game with those in charge of the NHS.”

NHS England has set April as the deadline for its transformation plans to be finalised.

Titanic crisis

But those who work for it warn the STPs amount to a “gamble” with the service’s future.

Dr David Wrigley, a Lancashire GP, said: “All the STPs are doing is moving the deckchairs around on the Titanic and they are not going to resolve the current crisis facing the NHS. There is a real gamble being taken with the NHS as these plans keep talking about moving care from hospitals into the community. But problem is there is no leeway – social care is collapsing, general practice is on its knees and that’s all on top of the hospital service being in meltdown.”

A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We are committed to the NHS — that’s why we have invested £10 billion in its own plan to transform services and improve standards of care, including almost £4 billion this year.

“NHS England are introducing Sustainability and Transformation Plans to help ensure the best standards of care, with local doctors, hospitals and councils working together in conjunction with local communities for the first time.”

An NHS England spokesperson said: “The number of people seeking urgent care is on the rise so overall we expect the range of services available to them to expand over coming years. Within that overall expansion, it may be possible to improve care and save lives with some concentration of specialist urgent services.

“This approach has increased the chances of surviving a major trauma in this country by 50 per cent, and only today the Stroke Association have called for more concentration of stroke units to improve outcomes.”

Responding to the investigation, a Department of Health spokesperson said:

“We totally reject any analysis suggesting mass closures of services – these plans are about local clinicians and health leaders improving cancer care, transforming mental health provision and delivering better access to GPs.

“Any changes in this vein will have to be based on clear evidence that they deliver better care for patients, and will be subject to robust scrutiny by NHS England before being finalised.”

Johnston Press investigation: The Great NHS Gamble

This is what’s happening in your NHS:

The Great NHS Gamble: What we have investigated and why it is important to you

The full list of the 19 hospitals facing closure

I donated a kidney because I loved the NHS – now I feel my sacrifice was in vain

STPs: How they will shake up the NHS and what they mean for you

How the Save Lewisham Hospital campaign was won

NHS crisis: Major reorganisation in Devon typical of huge change on the horizon

24 A&E units marked for closure or downgrading

Find out if your A&E unit is among 24 named for closure or downgrading

How to speak NHS manager: The jargon that obscures the cuts

How £18m of taxpayers’ money was spent on private consultants to plan NHS cuts

I became an NHS nurse to save lives. Now I have cancer and my A&E is closing

Norman Lamb: hospital closures are ‘result of chronic government underfunding’

NHS crisis: ‘Working in A&E I don’t have the capacity to be caring… It’s soul-destroying’