Recently, we looked up the etymology of the word occupy. We found an unexpected obsolete definition.

The term occupy formerly meant something very different than its current common meaning. From the early 1500s to the 1800s, occupy was used to refer to sexual relations, as in “to occupy a woman” as defined in the Lexicon Balatronicum in 1811.

When occupy was used in that sense, it was a euphemism, in this case also called a dysphemism. Learn more about the origins of euphemisms here.

Other sexual euphemisms

In fact, many words in common parlance have shed their sexual implications over time. Sex is simultaneously very taboo and very common, so it’s no wonder that countless words have been used to stand in for carnal knowledge. The most commonly used sexual euphemisms today are sleep with, make love, and the simple do. You’ve probably heard one of the oldest ones, too: to know. Today, that word is often used in the phrase to know in a biblical sense. It comes from the beginning of the Bible in Genesis 4 when “the man knew his wife Eve, and she conceived …” Throughout the Old Testament the word know is used synonymously with copulate. That’s a pretty dramatic implication for a small and common word.

Chaucer, Shakespeare and Milton all used play to imply sex. Shakespeare was a master of unexpected turns of phrase to describe copulation. In Hamlet, Ophelia upbraids Hamlet by telling him “Before you tumbled me, you promis’d me to wed.” The Bard uses numerous wordplays to describe sexual relations and bawdy topics.

Here are only a few of his saucy synonyms: business, feat, grinding, juggling, possessing, and praying. Thomas Wolfe used jazz as a euphemism for sex in his 1929 book Look Homeward, Angel. The stiff political word ratify was used to refer to consummation as early as 1561 and as recently as 1974.

Learn about other tricky words that conceal their true meaning here.

Other colloquial ways to say occupy

Phrases also have developed to covertly refer to illicit relations, as in to shack up. Though it sounds modern and colloquial, the phrase to knock referring to pregnancy dates back to the early 1600s. John Steinbeck used a variation of the phrase in In Dubious Battle, saying, “Sooner or later some girl’d get knocked higher than a kite.”

We encounter these euphemisms on a daily basis. Rather than make us blush, they should remind us of how supple and versatile our language is.