Alerts are submitted by Partner Organisations, subject to their own verification processes and standards. Each contributing Partner Organisation is responsible for information which it posts.

One of the 47 Council of Europe member States where the violation has occurred

Attacks on physical safety and integrity of journalists

Killings; abductions; threats and acts of violence against the physical integrity of journalists, their family members and other media actors; attacks against journalists’ sources because of their co-operation with journalists or media.

Detention and imprisonment of journalists

Arbitrary, unwarranted or politically-motivated arrests, detention and imprisonment of journalists and other media actors.

Harassment and intimidation of journalists

Harassment of journalists and other media institutions or actors; violence or interference causing damage or destruction of journalists’ equipment or other property; punitive or vindictive exercise of investigatory tax or administrative powers; arbitrary denial of access for journalistic coverage; threats to journalists’ privacy, threats to employment status, psychological abuse, bullying, online harassment and cyber-bullying;

Judicial intimidation: opportunistic, arbitrary or vexatious use of legislation, including defamation, anti-terrorism, national security, hooliganism or anti-extremism laws; issuing bogus or fabricated charges;

Political intimidation, including hate speech and use by public figures of abusive or demeaning language against journalists or media outlets;

Other forms of intimidation and harassment.

Impunity

Failures to promptly, independently and effectively investigate and seek to prosecute crimes and offences against journalists and other media institutions or actors.

Other acts having chilling effects on media freedom

Acts having chilling effects on media freedom including restrictive legislation encroaching on media freedom;

Censorship, interference with editorial freedom;

Threats to the confidentiality of journalists’ sources;

Unjustified or indiscriminate blocking of websites or social media platforms, hacking, and surveillance or interception of communications data of journalists without due process of authorisation, etc.