The Boston Red Sox escaped major penalties in Major League Baseball's cheating investigation on Wednesday, with Commissioner Rob Manfred concluding that the 2018 World Series champions' sign-stealing efforts were less egregious than the Astros' when they won it all the previous season.

Ex-manager Alex Cora was formally suspended for the coronavirus-delayed 2020 season — but only for his role as a Houston bench coach; Manfred had held off a penalty for Cora despite fingering him as the ringleader of the Astros' sign-stealing operation. Cora did not immediately respond to a text message seeking comment.

The Red Sox upgraded the status of Ron Roenicke, who was named the Red Sox interim manager pending the outcome of the investigation.

"That interim tag is removed," Chief Baseball Officer Chaim Bloom said. "Ron is now our manager."

The only member of the Red Sox organization who was penalized was replay system operator J.T. Watkins, who was suspended without pay for a year for violating the prohibition on in-game use of video to identify pitch signals. Watkins, who denied the allegations, was also prohibited from serving as the replay room operator through 2021.

Boston was also stripped of its second-round pick in this year's amateur draft, No 52 overall.

"To be clear we're not taking any victory laps. A violation was uncovered and that was wrong and we're being punished for it," Red Sox president Sam Kennedy said in a conference call with reporters, while acknowledging relief that the months-long investigation is over.

"We have to earn back trust, and we're prepared to do that," Kennedy said, adding that the team's owners apologized to their counterparts in a conference call that afternoon. "We recognize that as an organization."

Reasons to fire Cora still stand

Both Bloom and Kennedy dismissed suggestions that Cora could be welcomed back — especially if the coronavirus pandemic wipes out the entire 2020 season. Roenicke, who was hired on the eve of spring training after a shotgun job search, is signed only for one year.

"Since we parted ways with Alex, we were clear that that was the result of his role with the Astros. That's still the case," Bloom said. "All the reasons that we parted ways with him then are still the case."

Manfred said in his report that Boston's misdeeds were limited to the regular season not as pervasive as the Astros', who repeatedly used a video camera in the outfield to steal catchers' signs during their run to the 2017 championship and again the following season.

Manager AJ Hinch and general manager Jeff Luhnow were suspended through the 2020 post-season on Jan. 13 and fired that day by the Astros. Houston was fined $5 million, the maximum under the Major League Constitution, and lost its next two first- and second-round amateur draft selections.

"Unlike the Houston Astros' 2017 conduct, in which players communicated to the batter from the dugout area in real time the precise type of pitch about to be thrown, Watkins' conduct, by its very nature, was far more limited in scope and impact," Manfred wrote.

Replay system operator 'key participant'

A 30-year-old from Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Watkins is a 2012 graduate of the U.S. Military Academy. The catcher was selected by Boston in the 10th round of that year's amateur draft and played in the Red Sox system until 2015. He declined comment, the Red Sox said.

Watkins compiled advance scouting information, and part of his job was to decode opposing pitchers' sequences ahead of series. Manfred called him a "key participant" in the 2017 Apple Watch incident, saying he relayed decoded signs from Boston's replay room to the dugout, at first with a runner and then with the watch to an athletic trainer.

MLB said it interviewed 65 people, including 34 past and present Boston players. Manfred concluded Cora did not know of Watkins' conduct but "did not effectively communicate to Red Sox players the sign-stealing rules."

An infielder on Boston's 2007 champions, Cora was mentioned 11 times in Manfred's decision on the Astros, which said he developed the cheating system. Cora left Houston to be the Boston manager after the 2017 season and led the Red Sox to a franchise-record 108 regular-season wins and the World Series title.

No players subject to, or deserving of, punishment

But fallout from Astros investigation cost Cora and newly hired New York Mets manager Carlos Beltran to lose their jobs. Beltran, the senior player on the 2017 Astros, was the only player identified by MLB as participating in the scheme to place a monitor near Houston's dugout to receive video from the outfield and have players bang on a trash can to signal breaking pitches.

Red Sox players were promised immunity in MLB's investigation, but Manfred said even if players had been subject to discipline, none would have been punished.

Watkins denied any wrongdoing, telling MLB that any information he provided during games was obtained from advance scouting.

Manfred was unconvinced.

"Watkins did not provide a persuasive explanation for why the information he provided to players during the game differed from information provided prior to the game," the commissioner wrote. "I am significantly troubled by Watkins' admissions that he knowingly attempted to conceal his communications with players from the video room monitor."