Dear friends and fellow activists,

As you may know, I am relatively new to activism, but over the last few years I have been pretty actively engaged in a variety of causes, from the environment to anti-racism to gun control. Most of my activism has consisted of organizing and participating in protests and other forms of expressive activism, in addition to writing online (here and at Huffington Post). On a few occasions, I risked arrest, and once I was arrested for an act of civil disobedience.

When I first started participating in protests, it was exhilarating. It felt empowering. I experienced for the first time in my life the power of masses of people organized for a cause. It’s not an exaggeration to say it restored my faith in democracy. It offered me an avenue for action outside of the more traditional modes of political participation (like voting), with which I had become disenchanted.

I never expected marching, by itself, to effect revolutionary change. Rather, I saw mass events as opportunities to raise energy and build solidarity, especially among those who participate, but also among those who witness from afar. When people would ask me if I thought events like the Women’s March and the People’s Climate March “accomplished anything”, I would respond that what those events do is to help people realize that they are not alone, that together they have power when they act collectively, and to motivate them to organize when they go back home.

I still believe all that.

However, over time, I have come to see another perspective as well. There’s three problems that I now see with much of the protesting which we progressives do.

#1 Progressive Protesting Is Divorced from Strategic Organizing.

I’ve noticed that a lot of protests–including some I have organized–are not part of a larger strategy for social change. They are reactive–like social justice “ambulance chasing”. Oftentimes, organizers will call for further action or suggest “next steps”, but not always. And even when they do, it is usually not central to the event. Rather, most protests are focused on expressing outrage–kind of like a collective letter to the editor.

The problem with this is that we use up energy in a catharsis of outrage, and not much real organizing happens afterward. We judge success in terms of the number of people who show up to the event, because the more people who show up, the more validated we feel in our outrage. If we’re lucky, we get an article in the newspaper or mentioned on the local NPR station, which is a little bit of semi-official validation. But nothing is really accomplished, either in terms of change to the policies or laws which affect people’s lives or in terms of organizing people for long-term strategic goals. At the end of the day, the people with power still have it and the people without power still don’t.

There is an element of theater to most protests and even civil disobedience. Permits are obtained, which often involves the city dictating where the protest can happen. The organizers work with law enforcement to set the stage in advance and negotiate the terms of surrender. If traffic is going to be blocked, the police reroute it in advance so commuters experience minimal inconvenience. And then people show up with clever selfie-ready signs. There’s a kind party atmosphere. The media reports on it and we feel like celebrities for 15 minutes. And then everybody goes home.

For some people, it’s a kind of hobby, what Tim Horras calls “lifestyle activism”. For others of us, it’s a way of assuaging our guilt about our multiply-privileged lives. But nothing really changes, because the protest isn’t connected to any deeper social movement.

One glaring example of this that I’ve experienced is weekend protests in front of government buildings. Organizers plan a protest for a weekend, so more people will show up, which will draw more media attention. But the protesters are marching down empty city streets in front empty downtown buildings and arrive at an empty City Hall or State House. Everybody has a good time and pats themselves on the back afterward. But the target of the protest, the people in power, weren’t even present. And that’s okay, because the real goal was a photo op. Any wonder that on Monday morning things go back to business as usual?

#2 Progressive Protesting Perpetuates Class Divisions.

Marching and protesting, at least as I have experienced it, is a largely White middle-class enterprise. It’s mostly performed by people with a significant degree of privilege. Those who are paid hourly or living in more precarious economic circumstances are frequently unable to attend such events. And the attendees are usually disproportionately White.

As a result, organizers show a preference for civil disobedience over direct action. Now, I need to define these terms, because progressive activists often conflate them, and it’s important to keep them separate.

Civil disobedience is when activists intentionally break a law with the intent of getting arrested. The purpose of civil disobedience is to make a symbolic statement. Like rallies and marches, it’s a form of what Sophia Burns calls “expressive protest”. The form civil disobedience takes may have only an indirect connection–or even no connection–to the issue being protested, such as when activists block traffic to protest racial injustice. What’s more, it requires some level of cooperation from the police, since it doesn’t really work if they refuse to arrest you (yes, that happens sometimes).

Direct action is different. Direct action means attempting to achieve a goal through direct, rather than indirect or symbolic means. It’s a form of what Sophia Burns calls “concrete confrontation”. Examples of direct action include strikes and blockades. Blocking traffic is usually not a form of direct action, unless what you are protesting is the traffic itself (for example, if protesters block traffic going to a KKK rally).

Like civil disobedience, direct action may help raise public awareness, but that is not the primary goal of the action. Unlike civil disobedience, the goal of direct action isn’t to get arrested, although that may happen. The goal of direct action is to directly stop something bad from happening (or sometimes to directly cause something good to happen).

(And just to be clear, public demonstrations like protests, rallies, and marches are not a form of direct action and usually aren’t a form of civil disobedience either.)

Why does this matter? Because middle class White activists (like me) tend to favor protests and civil disobedience over direct action, for reasons that have a lot to do with race and class.

First, protesting and civil disobedience are forms of self-expression and most of us middle class White people (especially men like me) feel entitled to speak our minds whenever and wherever we want. Protesting and civil disobedience validates our sense of entitlement by creating a relatively safe space for us to express ourseleves (even more).

Second, protesting and even civil disobedience is something we can do with a minimal amount of risk. There is a bit of a thrill that comes with breaking social norms and minor laws, but as White people, we are largely insulated from most police abuse, and as middle class people we can afford a legal defense if we really need one. And being White and middle class, we can expect to be treated fairly (or even leniently) by the court system. What is perceived as Thoreauvian civil disobedience when it is performed by middle class White people is just labeled “crime” when done by less privileged people, and treated as such.

Third, protesting usually doesn’t bring us into direct contact with poor people or people of color, which makes White middle class people (like me) uncomfortable. Oftentimes, the people most impacted are not at the protest, and the protest happens far away from places where the most impacted people live. We block traffic and get arrested all within the safe space of our middle class neighborhoods or in front of government buildings which are shrines to our privilege.

True direct action, on the other hand, is usually pretty scary to progressives. It doesn’t always turn out large numbers or get media attention. Other people, even progressives, tend to be less sympathetic to direct action, because it can involve breaking serious laws. And direct action involves real risks. Without the numbers or the media presence, the police are more free to abuse protesters. And because the impact is real, so are the legal consequences.

#3 Progressive Protesting Happens In An Echo Chamber.

After a few years of attending activist events, I noticed that I was seeing the same faces all the time. Whether it was an environmental rally, a gun protest, or a peace vigil, the same people would show up. This is a function of what Tim Horras calls the “activist networking model”.

“wherein activists from one organization agree to attend the events put on by activists from another group with the expectation that the latter will reciprocate by attending in return the favor. This often creates a comical scenario 20 different organizations ‘endorse’ an event at which only 40 people show up. “The final outcome of this model is to create an ‘activist circuit’ where the same dozen or so single-issue activists attend each others protests in a round-robin of stagnant or diminishing numbers. Even when political pressure turns up the volume (i.e. an issue is newsworthy or politically salient and therefore drives larger attendance at the events organized by the activists) the lifeless cycle of activist networking eventually brings down the numbers of attendees back to pre-crisis levels.”

Does that sound familiar?

When we organize protests and other activists events, we don’t reach beyond our usual social circles. The more activist we become, the more our social circles are limited to other activists. And so, predictably, the people who show up today’s environmental protest are the same people who showed up for yesterday’s health care reform rally.

Facebook, which is one of the primary tools of most progressive organizers, just makes this so much worse, because Facebook’s algorithms are designed to create echo chambers. And so we end up talking to ourselves and attending each other’s events and never really connecting with anyone else. This is validating, of course, because everyone already agrees with us. But our organizations don’t grow, because the people attending our events are already (over-)committed to one or more activist organizations. And when we do gain a few people, they are usually more middle class White people.

So what do we do instead?

Now, if you’re feeling attacked or criticized by all this, just know you’re not alone. All of what I’ve been describing applies to me and what I’ve been doing for the last several years.

What’s the alternative? Well, I don’t think we necessarily should give up protesting. But we need to treat it as one tool in our activist tool belts, rather than as some kind of universal multi-tool, which it isn’t.

I also think we need to consider direct action as a serious option more frequently than we do. Protesting and getting arresting for blocking traffic may be useful tools sometimes. But they are safe tools. And safer tools tend to be the less effective ones, kind of like dull knives. Direct action is like a sharp knife; it’s is scarier, but it’s often more effective for that very reason.

If you really want to fight the fossil fuel industry, consider the example of the valve-turners, five activists who, in October 2016, shut down 15% of the oil flowing into the U.S., in what was probably the most cost-effective direct action in history.

Or, if you’re White and you want to fight police abuse, then consider the next you see a person of color pulled over, getting out of your car, recording it on your phone, and when the police tell you to leave, refusing. Get some of your friends to do the same thing and after not too long, those police officers may start to reconsider how important that “broken taillight” really is–and maybe a few fewer people of color will die.

Or, if you want to stop the sale of AR-15s in your community, instead of helping to organize a protest outside the county fairgrounds where the gun show is happening (like I did), how about organizing a broad-based boycott of the fairground’s most lucrative events–like the county fair.

What about the “circle jerk” that is activist networking? Well, I can think of one thing different we can do. It is something which is uncomfortable for a lot of White middle class people (including myself). That is to actually go to the places where the most impacted people live–or better yet, ask to be invited–and then talk to them–or better yet, listen to them. Listen to what matters most to them. Don’t go in with an agenda, trying to figure out how to mold their needs to your program. Find out how they want to be helped. And then start building around that. Figure out how to use your privilege to actually make a difference in their lives.

Do they need healthcare? Yes, campaign for Medicare for All, but also consider starting a network of health care providers independent of insurance companies and the government. (There’s precedent for it.) Do they need food? Fight for food stamp programs, okay, but also consider finding some open land and turning it into a community garden. Do they need protection from deportations? Rally for DACA, by all means, but also consider forming a rapid response network that activates when I.C.E. shows up in a Latinx community. (A group in Indianapolis I met has done just that.) In short, we can build institutions to help people meet their own needs in ways that capitalism and the government either can’t or won’t.

It’s not sexy. It’s not cathartic. We don’t don’t get to “feel heard”. It probably won’t get in the newspaper. But it’s real. It has the potential to deliver real results–results which give people real power and make their lives better in real ways. It’s what Dr. Bones calls “leftism with benefits”, improving the lives of the exploited and oppressed in the here and now rather than begging elected leaders to do it. Rather than demanding change from the people who have created the very conditions we are protesting, we need to just start building the world we want to live in right now.

As Nadia C. has argued in her provocatively titled article, “Your Politics Are Boring As Fuck”, we need a new vision of progressive politics, one which is relevant to our everyday lives, and the everyday lives of our neighbors, a politics which has immediate and obvious benefits to people who need them. The revolution may not be a tea party, but free coffee on the sidewalk can be a form of insurrection.

I’m not sure what all that looks like. But I know it’s not what I’ve been doing. I hope you, my friends and fellow activists, might help me find a new way.