In my last post I touched on the history and mission of the Engineering Workflow team, and I went into some of the challenges the team faces, which informed the creation of the team’s vision. In this post I’ll go into the vision itself.

First, a bit of a preamble to set context and expectations.

About the Vision

Members of the Engineering Workflow team have had many conversations with Firefox engineers, managers, and leaders across many years. The results of these conversations have led to various product decisions, but generally without a well-defined overarching direction. Over the last year we took a step back to get a more comprehensive understanding of the needs and inefficiencies in Firefox engineering. This enables us to lay out a map of where Engineering Workflow could go over the course of years, rather than our previous short-term approaches.

As I mentioned earlier, I couldn’t find much in the way of examples of tooling strategies to work from. However, there are many projects out there that have developed tooling and automation ecosystems that can provide ideas for us to incorporate into our vision. A notable example is the Chromium project, the open-source core of the Chrome browser. Aspects of their engineering processes and systems have made their way into what follows.

It is very important to understand that this vision, if not vision statements in general, is aspirational. I deliberately crafted it such that it could take many engineer-years to achieve even a large part of it. It should be something we can reference to guide our work for the foreseeable future. To ensure it was as comprehensive as possible, it was constructed without attention given to feasibility nor, therefore, the priority of its individual pieces. A road map for how to best approach the implementation of the vision for the most impact is a necessary next step.

The resulting vision is nine points laying out the ideal world from an Engineering Workflow standpoint. I’ll go through them one by one up to point four in this post, with the remaining five to follow.

The Engineering Workflow Vision

1. Checking out the full mozilla-central source is fast

The repository necessary for building and testing Firefox, mozilla-central, is massive. Cloning and updating the repo takes quite a while even for engineers located close by the central hg.mozilla.org servers; the experience for more distant contributors can be much worse. Furthermore, this affects our CI systems, which are constantly cloning the source to execute builds and tests. Thus there is a big benefit to making cloning and updating the Firefox source as fast as possible.

There are various ways to tackle this problem. We are currently working on geo-distributed mirrors of the source code that are at least read-only to minimize the distance the data has to travel to get onto your local machine. There is also work we can do to reduce the amount of data that needs to be fetched, by determining what data is actually required for a given task and using that to allow shallow and/or narrow clones.

There are other issues in the VCS space that hamper the productivity of both product and tooling engineers. One is our approach to branching. The various train, feature, and testing branches are in fact separate repositories altogether, stemming from the early days of the switch to Mercurial. This nonstandard approach is both confusing and inefficient. There are also multiple integration “branches”, in particular autoland and mozilla-inbound, which require regular merging which in turn complicates history.

Supporting multiple VCSes also has a cost. Although Mercurial is the core VCS for Firefox development, the rise of Git led to the development of git-cinnabar as an alternate avenue to interacting with Firefox source. If not a completely de juror solution, it has enough users to warrant support from our tools, which means extra work. Furthermore, it is still sufficiently different from Git, in terms of installation at least, to trip some contributors up. Ideally, we would have a single VCS in use throughout Firefox engineering, or at least a well-defined pipeline for contributions that allows smooth use of vanilla Git even if the core is still kept in Mercurial.

2. Source code and history is easily navigable

To continue from the previous point, the vast size of the Firefox codebase means that it can be quite tricky for even experienced engineers, let alone new contributors, to find their way around. To reduce this burden, we can both improve the way the source is laid out and support tools to make sense of the whole.

One confusing aspect of mozilla-central is the lack of organization and discoverability of the many third-party libraries and applications that are mirrored in. It is difficult to even figure out what is externally sourced, let alone how and how often our versions are updated. We have started a plan to provide metadata and reorganize the tree to make this more discoverable, with the eventual goal to automate some of the manual processes for updating third-party code.

Mozilla also has not just one but two tools for digging deep into Firefox source code: dxr and searchfox. Neither of these tools are well maintained at the moment. We need to critically examine these, and perhaps other, tools and choose a single solution, again improving discoverability and maintainability.

3. Installing a development environment is fast and easy

Over the years Mozilla engineers have developed solutions to simplify the installation of all the applications and libraries necessary to build Firefox that aren’t bundled into its codebase. Although they work relatively well, there are many improvements that can be made.

The rise of Docker and other container solutions has resulted in an appreciation of the benefits of isolating applications from the underlying system. Especially given the low cost of disk space today, a Firefox build and test environment should be completely isolated from the rest of the host system, preventing unwanted interactions between other versions of dependent apps and libraries that may already be installed on the system, and other such cross-contamination.

We can also continue down the path that was started with mach and encapsulate other common tasks in simple commands. Contributors should not have to be familiar with the intricacies of all of our tools, in-house and third-party, to perform standard actions like building, running tests, submitting code reviews, and landing patches.

4. Building is fast

Building Firefox is a task that individual developers perform all the time, and our CI systems spend a large part of their time doing the same. It should be pretty obvious that reducing the time to build Firefox with a code change anywhere in the tree has a serious impact.

There are myriad ways our builds can be made faster. We have already done a lot of work to abstract build definitions in order to experiment with different build systems, and it looks like tup may allow us to have lightning-fast incremental builds. Also, the strategy we used to isolate platform components written in C++ and Rust from the front-end JavaScript pieces, which dramatically lowered build times for people working on the latter, could similarly be applied to isolate the building of system add-ons, such as devtools, from the rest of Firefox. We should do a comprehensive evaluation of places existing processes can be tightened up and continue to look for where we can make larger changes.

Stay tuned for the final part of this series of posts.