When confronted with a problem for which there is no direct answer for in the Quran or the hadith, Muslim theologians would engage in ijtihad (independent judgment). This is done as a last resort, and that that is the case says almost all that needs to be said about religion in a general sense.

The doctrine of ijtihad was designed specifically to discourage people from relying on their own intelligence in favor of laws scrawled onto palm-leaves and various scraps in the seventh century. Here you will see that I have identified a case which would stump Islamic jurors and force them to do the unthinkable: apply their own minds.

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