Based on prior MRS studies by our group as well as the work of others, we hypothesize that oral administration of uridine will actuate an increase in brain gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) levels, along with beta-nucleotide triphosphate (ß-NTP) levels, as compared with baseline. Our aim is to investigate this specific neuropharmacological effect and to demonstrate the suitability of a novel magnetic resonance spectroscopy protocol in so doing. Our rationale includes the consideration that the clinical utility of an intervention demonstrably effective in elevating brain GABA and high energy phosphate levels is broad, since lowered GABA and bioenergetic states are associated with a plurality of affective, anxiety, and substance use disorders.

On the dual basis of findings indicating GABA increases following acute and eight week SSRI/dopamine agonist administration and those noting GABA-ergic effects of 14 day pyrimidine administration, we hypothesize that an oral dose of 2g of uridine per day for seven days will increase brain GABA levels in a sample of healthy, unmedicated adult males. We also hypothesize that this 2g dose of uridine per day for 7 days will increase ß-NTP levels and, further, that the increase in GABA and high energy phosphate levels will be correlated. Of note, the phosphorylation of glutamic acid decarboxylase by ATP significantly increased the activity of this enzyme, which is reponsable for the synthesis of GABA. This choice of time period will allow a determination of time course to efficacy between the acute and extended ranges, and further, because therapeutic dosage levels of uridine have yet to be established, in this and future studies we hope to determine the optimal dosage at which uridine increases brain GABA and ß-NTP levels.