EUREKALERT, SPENCER SMITHDendrites—the branches that cover a neuron’s cell body—were once believed to function primarily as signal conductors, relaying information between nerve cells. Recent evidence has suggested that dendrites can also respond to stimuli, but it was unknown whether action potentials generated by dendrites were integrated into the signals that the neuron sent to receiving cells. Researchers have demonstrated that dendrites had electrical responses, or dendritic spikes, to visual stimuli in vivo and that these spikes enhanced the output of the neuron. Their work was published this week (October 27) in Nature.

“Imagine you’re reverse engineering a piece of alien technology, and what you thought was simple wiring turns out to be transistors that compute information,” study coauthor Spencer Smith of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill said in a statement. “That’s what this finding is like. The implications are...