In addition to the re-election campaign, two joint fund-raising vehicles established with Republican Party committees also filed reports to the commission. The committees ramped up their big-donor fund-raising during the second quarter of the year, raising $13.2 million — much of which came from big donors — according to the reports.

The reports make it clear that although Election Day 2020 is nearly three and a half years away, Mr. Trump’s re-election campaign operation is already in high gear, and that it is working to engage the Republican Party’s deepest pockets in a way that his unconventional 2016 campaign did not.

About 43 percent of the second-quarter total came from donors who gave $10,000 or more to the committees, according to the reports. And that probably does not reflect most of the checks collected in connection with a fund-raiser at the end of last month at Mr. Trump’s Washington hotel, which raised an estimated $10 million from 300 guests who each donated at least $35,000.

Trump Victory — a joint fund-raising committee comprising the Trump campaign, the Republican National Committee and a number of state Republican parties — reported $100,000 donations from, among others, the Florida sugar baron José Fanjul, the Quicken Loans executive Shawn M. Krause and the Washington Redskins owner Daniel Snyder.

The commission reports show that donors who contributed $200 or less accounted for less than 38 percent of all funds raised in the second quarter. That is a reversal from Mr. Trump’s 2016 campaign, when small donors accounted for a majority of the outside donations raised by his committees, not including the $66 million he donated to his campaign.

In some ways, the shift to high-dollar fund-raising represents a move toward a more traditional political operation than the one that helped power Mr. Trump’s upset victory. In 2016, his campaign relied more on donations from Mr. Trump’s own pocket (he has not donated to his re-election campaign) and on the power of mega-rallies and his social media presence than on traditional — and costly — political infrastructure like field offices and television advertising.

It is unusual, however, for a sitting president’s team to be raising money and building a re-election effort in the first half of a first term, when political and fund-raising efforts are typically channeled through the president’s national party committee.