LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is basically a way of organizing information and providing access to it. It's commonly used for user, service and machine information, and it's incredibly useful. The Linux version is OpenLDAP . It will handle authentication as well as information (so the password aspect of login as well as looking up who the user is, where his home directory is, and so on). However, it's not as secure as it could be  by default connections are unencrypted, so your password is being sent out in the open.LDAP organizes information and provides access to it. Kerberos is designed to handle authentication. Separate they are useful; together they offer a powerful and secure solution.

Previously, you could deal with this using SSL tunneling, but that has been deprecated since the retirement of LDAPv2 (in 2003). TLS is another option, but even using that, LDAP still has security problems.

For security, your best option is Kerberos. Kerberos is specifically designed to handle authentication. It will not do the information lookup that LDAP does. It avoids password security problems and enables single-sign-on (a very useful feature!).

So the ideal situation is to use both Kerberos and LDAP: one for authentication and one for information organization and access. In fact, they do play quite nicely together, but information about on how to achieve this is limited. If you do want to set them up, check out this two-part article I wrote (requires registration but is free) a while back which is still relevant. You can also get more information from the LDAP and Kerberos web pages.