“People care about these issues, but it’s not as direct as ‘I’m not sure I’ll be able to go to my doctor,’ or ‘I’m not sure this procedure I was going to have next month I’ll still be able to have,’” said Vanessa Williamson, a co-author, with Theda Skocpol, of “The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism.”

“When the costs are not so immediate,” she said, “it’s hard to mobilize people.”

Many of the groups started out organizing demonstrations at town hall-style meetings during the February congressional recess. These encounters produced arresting video of angry constituents facing down their elected representatives.

But for the Easter recess, which starts this week, there is less focus on town halls.

Instead, many groups have already moved on to developing strategies for the 2018 elections. Groups like this one in New Jersey are forming political action committees and raising money. Others, just as the Tea Party groups did, are beginning to train their members on how to go door to door and use data to get out the vote. In some districts where Republicans won their seats narrowly, several Democrats are already lined up to run.

To be as effective as the Tea Party, Ms. Williamson said, resistance groups will have to focus on politics and policies within their own states as well. While the Tea Party got a lot of attention for the energy it brought to congressional elections, it was also effective on the state level, particularly as a force blocking Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act.

Guy Potucek, who works for a military contractor and organized an Indivisible group in Virginia’s 10th District, represented by Barbara Comstock, said his group had held a training session to help members get involved in the Virginia elections this year.

“I don’t want them jumping all the way to 2018,” he said.

Ms. Comstock was among the Republicans who announced late in the game that she would not support the party’s health bill. “It energized us even more,” Mr. Potucek said. “It felt like, ‘That was easy.’”