Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption Restaurants will have to declare common allergens - including crustaceans

Restaurants and takeaways across Europe will be required by law to tell customers if their food contains ingredients known to trigger allergies.

Staff must provide information on 14 everyday allergens including nuts, milk, celery, gluten, soya and wheat.

The new measures, which come into force on Saturday, cover meals served in bakeries, cafes, care homes and packaged produce sold by supermarkets.

There may be fines for repeat offenders.

According to the European Academy of Allergy, food allergies affect more than 17 million people across Europe.

I had six allergic reactions in the course of a month last year and each time it was because I was told it was fine to eat something that it later turned out I couldn't Oliver Bolland, Allergy sufferer

Fatal reactions

Some five thousand people need treatment in hospital for severe allergic reactions each year in the UK, and some cases are fatal - causing an average of 10 deaths annually.

Experts say the majority of these deaths and visits to hospital are avoidable, and some are a result of people being given incorrect information about ingredients.

Under the new legislation (EU FIC Food Information for Consumers Regulation), customers must be told if their food contains any of the following:

celery - including any found in stock cubes and soup

cereals containing gluten - including spelt, wheat, rye, barley

crustaceans - eg crabs, lobster, prawns and shrimp paste

eggs - including food glazed with egg

fish

lupin - can be found in some types of bread, pastries, pasta

milk

molluscs - mussels, land snails, squid, also found in oyster sauce

mustard

nuts - for example almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts, macadamia

peanuts - also found in groundnut oil

sesame seeds - found in some bread, houmous, tahini

soya - found in beancurd, edamame beans, tofu

sulphur dioxide - used as a preservative in dried fruit, meat products, soft drinks, vegetables, alcohol.

'Real problem'

Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption Nuts - such as almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts and macadamia - must be clearly marked

Oliver Bolland, 30, from Hertfordshire, is allergic to eggs, fish, shellfish, molluscs and soya.

He said: "My allergies really became a problem when I became an adult - I can't just pop out for a meal with my girlfriend, friends or family.

"I had six allergic reactions in the course of a month last year and each time it was because I was told it was fine to eat something that it later turned out I couldn't.

"Often, waiters don't take my allergies seriously, or they don't know what ingredients are in their dishes.

"I've had to leave important events, including a close friend's wedding, because the waiter didn't check exactly what was in the food and thought I was just being fussy.

"I'll always have to be careful about not accidentally eating something I'm allergic to, but now restaurants and takeaways can no longer say they're not sure whether I can eat something, or that it's probably fine.

"This new law will make a huge difference to my life."

Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption Business can provide information through leaflets or through conversations

Businesses can choose how they give the information on allergens contained in their food - for example through conversations with customers, leaflets, food labelling or by highlighting ingredients on menus.

But if allergy advice is not clearly given, the Food Standards Agency says there need to be clear signs about where it can be obtained.

Lindsey McManus, from Allergy UK, said: "We hope that restaurants will see the advantage of going this extra mile as it offers huge benefits to the allergic customer and this will only encourage business.

"It will enable people to eat out in confidence, knowing that allergens are monitored in dishes, and that the regulations are being adhered to."

Pre-packaged food bought in supermarkets must also have clear allergen information on the labels.