Kevin Mallory was no James Bond. The hapless former CIA agent attempted to deflect suspicion that he had been selling the Chinese secret information by voluntarily turning over a Chinese-provided cell phone to FBI investigators. Mr. Mallory assumed any compromising communications with the foreign agents had been erased, but a chip preserved the evidence of his treason. Last May Mr. Mallory was sentenced to 20 years under the Espionage Act. Six months later, another former CIA operative, Jerry Chun Shing Lee, received a 19-year sentence for selling CIA secrets to Beijing that may have resulted in the crippling of the CIA’s...