Demonstrators criticise donations by billionaires to restore burned cathedral as they march against economic inequality.

Paris, France – Holding signs that read “What about the poor?” and chanting “Justice for all,” France’s yellow vest protesters, ignoring the displays of unity by the French political class in the wake of the Notre Dame fire, marched through the streets of Paris and other cities on Saturday, vowing to persevere in what they called “Ultimatum 2”.

“These [protests] are very important for social justice,” said Jean-Baptiste Redde at the Saturday protest on Republique Square in central Paris. “We have to help the poor, the disabled people, those who don’t have roofs to live under. It’s important to hold on.”

Hundreds were arrested and dozens injured as violence broke out between demonstrators and police.

The French capital quickly became the epicentre of Saturday’s violence, with 9,000 protesters reported in Paris alone, according to the French Ministry of the Interior, and police sealed off entire sections of the city.

While the protests started out peacefully, almost with a carnival-like atmosphere, violence erupted as thousands of demonstrators approached the Place de la Republique.

People threw rocks at police who responded with tear gas and stun grenades.

With 9,000 protesters, Paris quickly became the epicentre of Saturday’s violence [Mustafa Yalcin/Anadolu]

It was the twenty-third demonstration by the loosely organised, disparate movement that is mainly united in its resentment over the lack of economic equality in France and displeasure with President Emmanuel Macron, whom many see as a “president of the rich”.

The grassroots movement that started on social media has proven to be one of the biggest tests of Macron’s presidency, with protesters refusing to let this week’s fire at Notre Dame pause their demonstrations, even as the president and French political parties put aside politics and halted campaigning for the upcoming European Parliament elections.

In fact, in some ways, the fire on Monday inflamed some protesters because of the hundreds of millions of euros raised immediately afterwards to restore the 850-year-old Notre Dame.

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Some of that money was pledged by French billionaires such as French luxury group Kering’s CEO Francois-Henri Pinault and LVMH head Bernard Arnault as well as companies such as French oil giant Total.

“I would like us to get back to reality,” said Ingrid Levavasseur, one of the informal leaders of the movement, speaking on French BFM TV last week.

Levavasseur said it was important to criticise “the inertia of large companies and [billionaires] in the face of social misery as they display their ability to raise a crazy amount of money in a single night for Notre Dame”.

Her comments and others were widely shared on social media. Many agreed.

“If they are able to give tens of millions to rebuild Notre Dame, then they should stop telling us that there is no money to counter social inequality,” Philippe Martinez, head of France’s CGT workers union, told French radio last week.

The sentiment was reflected on the streets of Paris on Saturday.

“Billions should also be given to the poor, to help the environment, to promote biodiversity,” said Redde holding a sign that read, “Millions for Notre Dame – and what about the poor?”

“But Macron and this government only want to help the rich, so we can’t stop.”

Jean-Baptiste Redde at the Yellow Vest protests in Republique square holds a sign reading ‘Millions for Notre Dame – and what about the poor?’ [Jabeen Bhatti/Al Jazeera]

‘A pointless debate’

The fire at Notre Dame, which is revered by all French people – Catholics, Muslims and Jews – as part of France’s cultural and historical legacy, set off a national outpouring of grief.

As a result, the anger at the donations set off a backlash within the government and among the public.

“It is a pointless debate,” said Culture Minister Franck Riester, interviewed on RMC radio. “To say, ‘there’s too much money for Notre Dame and there is need elsewhere’ – of course, there is need elsewhere for healthcare, the fight against climate change. But Notre Dame is not only a collection of old stones. It’s a part of our identity.”

France’s Minister of the Interior Christophe Castaner was more pointed.

“The rioters have not been visibly moved by what happened at Notre Dame,” he said angrily, shortly before the ministry announced that France would deploy 60,000 police officers on Saturday and prevent any protesters from getting near Notre Dame and the Champs-Elysees where, in March, they set fire to a bank, smashed the front of a renowned restaurant, and looted stores.

It's difficult to say the protests are no longer legitimate because of the Notre Dame fire. Life goes on. And so do the yellow vests. Jean-Michel Aphatie, political commentator

Meanwhile, the public is already growing weary of the protesters – recent polls show support for the yellow vests has dropped by half from 80 percent. An Odoxa poll released on Friday indicated that a slim majority of French wanted the demonstrations suspended.

“I’m tired of this,” a clothing shop owner in the Marais, a major tourist district next to Republique Square, told Al Jazeera privately. “For five months, we have had almost no business – the tourists are not coming here because of the protests.”

Notre Dame even gave pause to some within the movement. Many in the movement on Tuesday called for protests to be delayed in deference to the “national tragedy” at Notre Dame.

‘Too little, too late’

Monday’s fire broke out just an hour before Macron was scheduled to give a televised address detailing a series of policy reforms in response to the yellow vest protesters and their grievances. The speech was cancelled at the last minute and rescheduled for next Thursday.

Even so, copies of the taped speech sent to reporters were leaked. In it, Macron promised to lower taxes for the middle class, reconsider his decision to cut a “fortune solidarity tax” on top earners, and make adjustments to the lowest pensions for inflation.

Macron was also set to announce the closure of the highly prestigious Ecole nationale d’administration, a college that trains public servants. Many have criticised the school as a place reserved for the elite.

A closed shoe store on Saturday near the busy retail district of the Marais [Jabeen Bhatti/Al Jazeera]

The Odoxa poll showed the majority of French citizens supported these changes. But many yellow vest demonstrators and others continued their chant of “too little, too late” and vowed to continue protesting for weeks to come.

“Pfff – blah, blah, blah,” was the reaction of Catherine Lopis when asked about Macron’s plans.

“I voted for him (Macron) – had no choice but him or [far-right leader Marine] Le Pen. But he isn’t interested in helping anyone other than bankers. Our problems are not his problems so it is easy for him to turn away.”

Jerome Rodrigues, a leader in the movement, said on Saturday the postponement of Macron’s speech was calculated.

“The world stops turning when there is a fire in France?” he wondered during an interview on French television.

“I think it was a government strategy to get some information leaked to buy time to then better sell us his new programme, changes he wants to make that we are denouncing here at the demonstration.”

‘Protesters have a point’

“These protests aren’t going to end any time soon,” said French radio personality and political commentator Jean-Michel Aphatie.

But without concrete goals and a clear leader, Aphatie said the movement is struggling to be effective and bring concrete change.

“The only thing they know for sure is that they want to go out every Saturday to protest,” he said, referring to the fact the protests have run continuously every Saturday since November 17, even though they have grown smaller.

Even so, he added the protest did have legitimacy. The French have seen their purchasing power decline over the years and many are struggling to make ends meet.

“It’s difficult to say the protests are no longer legitimate because of the Notre Dame fire,” Aphatie said. “Life goes on. And so do the Yellow Vests.”