SAN FRANCISCO — Facebook is on the cusp of a record-setting $5 billion government settlement over its handling of user data, according to a person familiar with the deal, a payment that would dwarf previous agreements and offer the clearest indication yet of Washington’s growing interest in reeling in big tech.

But the deal could also leave Facebook relatively unscathed depending on the details of the terms, which have yet to be announced. On Friday, consumer advocates and tech industry critics denounced the deal as being too soft on Facebook, though the company faces further investigation and litigation from state attorneys general as well as governments in Europe.

The Federal Trade Commission voted behind closed doors this week to approve the $5 billion settlement with Facebook over a series of privacy issues, according to a person familiar with the agreement who was not authorized to speak publicly. The vote was originally reported by The Wall Street Journal.

The terms of the potential settlement were not immediately known. A representative for Facebook declined comment.

Two key questions during negotiations have been to what extent Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg would be required to take personal responsibility for the company’s privacy practices, and whether the FTC would require major changes to how Facebook collects and uses personal information to create personalized advertisements.

The vote by the FTC was 3-2 along party lines, as the Republican majority approved the settlement while Democratic commissioners opposed it, according to the Journal report.

The matter was undergoing a review by the Justice Department, which typically does not change the outcome of FTC decisions, the Journal reported.

The FTC did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

The FTC has been investigating Facebook after several privacy missteps, including the company’s acknowledgement that the personal information of millions of users was obtained by Cambridge Analytica, a political consulting company that did work for President Donald Trump’s 2016 campaign.

The focus of the FTC’s interest has been whether Facebook has lived up to the terms of an earlier settlement from 2011 in which the social media giant promised not to mislead users about its privacy practices.

Though a $5 billion payment would take a lump out of Facebook’s cash pile, investors reacted positively to the potential end of the long-running investigation. Shares in Facebook rose about 1.5 percent after news of the vote broke.

News of the deal was also met with disappointment from some Democratic politicians.

Sen. Ron Wyden, D-Ore., called out Republicans for going easy on Facebook.

"Despite Republicans’ promises to hold big tech accountable, the FTC appears to have failed miserably at its best opportunity to do so," Wyden said in an emailed statement.

Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va., said the deal highlighted the shortcomings of the government's oversight.

"Given Facebook’s repeated privacy violations, it is clear that fundamental structural reforms are required," Warner said in an emailed statement.

Rep. David Cicilline, D-R.I., tweeted that the deal was an early "Christmas present" for Facebook.

"It’s very disappointing that such an enormously powerful company that engaged in such serious misconduct is getting a slap on the wrist," Cicilline added.

The FTC just gave Facebook a Christmas present five months early. — David Cicilline (@davidcicilline) July 12, 2019

Sally Hubbard, the director of enforcement at the Open Markets Institute, a group that advocates for more aggressive antitrust enforcement, called the settlement “woefully insufficient.”

“The fine is a mere cost of doing business that makes breaking the law worth it for Facebook,” she said in a statement. It would be up to other authorities, including the attorneys general for New York state and the District of Columbia, to do more, she said.

Those two offices did not immediately respond to requests for comment Friday.

Facebook warned investors and Wall Street analysts in April that the FTC matter would cost the company up to $5 billion, and it set aside $3 billion at the time to begin to cover the anticipated penalty.

As of March 31, Facebook reported $45 billion in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities.