Sowing division

But this time, prosecutors said the operatives appeared beholden to no particular candidate. Russia's trolls did not limit themselves to either a liberal or conservative position, according to the complaint. They often wrote diverging viewpoints on the same issue.

"The conspiracy has a strategic goal, which continues to this day, to sow division and discord in the US political system," David Holt, an FBI special agent, wrote in an affidavit.

Prosecutors in Virginia, not Mueller's team, charged Khusyaynova of conspiring to defraud the United States. But those accusations appear to build on the special counsel's earlier indictment, which also identified companies controlled by Prigozhin that were named again in the new complaint.

Earlier Russian influence campaigns stood out for their clumsiness – Facebook posts from the Internet Research Agency, another arm of Project Lakhta that conducted Russia's social media disruption campaign in 2016, often contained broken English and off-topic cultural references.

She worked for several entities owned by Yevgeny Prigozhin, a Russian oligarch sometimes known as "Putin's chef". ALEXANDER ZEMLIANICHENKO

But the new operations appear to have been more sophisticated, with smoother messaging and a better command of US political discourse that allowed for more precisely targeted campaigns. Operatives instructed their colleagues to frame posts about former Senator John McCain, who tangled frequently with Trump before he died in August, as an "anti-Trump geezer." House Speaker Paul Ryan, they said, should be described as "an absolute nobody."

Blending in


Operatives were instructed to attack Republicans who failed to sufficiently champion the construction of the border wall Trump has sought; to stress the need for strict voter identification laws, especially in "blue states"; and to highlight "scandals that took place when Mueller headed the FBI" in an attempt to discredit the special counsel's investigation.

Acknowledging the time difference between Russia and the United States, one conspirator advised the others to post in the morning to attract liberal audiences during the American evening – "LGBT groups are often active at night," the operative wrote – and to seek out conservatives awake in the morning by posting just before they left work for the day.

They also developed strategies for blending in to partisan American audiences. "If you write posts in a liberal group ... you must not use Breitbart titles," read one message sent to the Russian group, referring to the conservative US news site. "On the contrary, if you write posts in a conservative group, do not use Washington Post or BuzzFeed's titles."

The group also gave suggestions, some of them racist, for reaching specific affinity groups. One member suggested keeping posts simple when they were aimed at lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender groups of colour, writing that "colored LGBT are less sophisticated than white; therefore, complicated phrases and messages do not work."

Framing suggestions often accompanied news stories shared by the group's members, according to the complaint. One story, originally posted by the conservative news site World Net Daily, was titled "The 8 Dirtiest Scandals of Robert Mueller No One Is Talking About." When instructing a group member to share the story on social media, an unnamed member of the Russian group urged colleagues to "emphasize that the work of this commission is damaging to the country and is aimed to declare impeachment of Trump," according to the complaint.

Much of the social media content included in the complaint was fairly standard fodder for partisan Facebook pages. In 2017, a fake Facebook account called Bertha Malone was used by the Russians to post an image falsely claiming that former President Barack Obama had ties to the Muslim Brotherhood. More than 1 million people saw the account, according to the complaint.

Another 2017 post, by a fake account called Rachell Edison, was used to post an image about the National Rifle Association. The text accompanying the image read "I think next 4 years will be great for all Americans, and for gun lovers especially!"

Unknown effect


Any effect on the midterm elections is all but impossible to calculate. The disruption effort that prosecutors described went beyond the United States, targeting elections and referendums in Ukraine and the European Union.

Khusyaynova was fastidious, keeping detailed records of expenses for a budget that totalled more than $US35 million from January 2016 to June 2018. Between January and June 2018 alone, prosecutors said, the project's proposed operating budget totalled more than $US10 million.

She routinely requested funds from Prigozhin's companies. In one instance, she asked for 15 million rubles (about $US230,000) on February 16, coincidentally the same day that Prigozhin and the other Russians were indicted.

Khusyaynova's responsibilities also included more mundane tasks like paying salaries and renting office space.

Prosecutors said that the Russians tried to hide what they were doing, disguising payments as software support and development from entities controlled by Prigozhin. Affiliates of his companies used 14 bank accounts to finance Project Lakhta.

Friday's announcement was the latest example of the Trump administration's pledge to inform Americans of any foreign election meddling. The Justice Department had little reason otherwise to unseal the complaint; Khusyaynova lives in Russia, which does not have to extradite its citizens to the United States. Typically, the FBI and Justice Department would keep the charges quiet and hope Khusyaynova might travel to a country where she could be detained.

Neutralising schemes

"Exposing schemes to the public is an important way to neutralise them," the deputy attorney general, Rod Rosenstein, said in July. "The American people have a right to know if foreign governments are targeting them with propaganda."


Trump, who has been widely criticised for his reluctance to acknowledge and occasional outright dismissals of Moscow's interference on his behalf, stressed on Friday that his administration had sought to protect elections, accusing the Obama administration of keeping quiet about the issue in 2016.

"It had nothing to do with my campaign," he told reporters while travelling in Arizona.

US intelligence agencies said separately Friday that they believed foreign interference continued to be a threat to US democracy.

"We are concerned about ongoing campaigns by Russia, China and other foreign actors, including Iran, to undermine confidence in democratic institutions and influence public sentiment and government policies," said a statement from the director of national intelligence, the Homeland Security Department, the FBI and other agencies.

The statement echoed a warning two years ago. In October 2016, weeks before the presidential vote, Obama administration officials issued a statement saying the Russian government had directed the theft of emails from American citizens and political organisations, a reference to the hackings of the Democratic National Committee and John Podesta, Hillary Clinton's campaign chairman.

The statement was largely overlooked. Hours later, the recording of Trump boasting years earlier to an "Access Hollywood" host about grabbing women by their genitalia became public. And soon after that, WikiLeaks began releasing Podesta's emails.

The New York Times