The kernel of iOS is the XNU kernel. To learn about what "kernel" means in general, see the Wikipedia article.

Pre-2.0, it was vulnerable to the Ramdisk Hack and may still be, but iBoot doesn't allow boot-args to be passed anymore. It is mapped to memory at 0x80000000, forcing a 2/2GB address separation, similar to Windows 32-bit model. On older iOS versions the separation was 3/1 (mapping the kernel at 0xC0000000), closer to the Linux model.

Note, that this is NOT like 32-bit versions of macOS, wherein the kernel resides in its own address space, but more like 64-bit versions, wherein CR3 is shared (albeit an address space larger by several orders of magnitude). See the appropriate section.

Main article: Kernel ASLR

As of iOS 6, the kernel is subject to ASLR, much akin to Mountain Lion (OS X 10.8). This makes exploitation harder as the location of kernel code cannot be known.

On production and development devices, the kernel is always stored as a statically linked cache stored at /System/Library/Caches/com.apple.kernelcaches/kernelcache that is decompressed and run on startup.

Stack

The kernel maintains thread specific stacks by calling kernel_memory_allocate, this allocates stacks in the specified kalloc zone. The bootstrap thread has its own specific static kernel stack, which is specified by _intstack. IRQ and FIQ handlers will also have their own execution stack which is specified by _irqstack.

Boot-Args

Like its macOS counterpart, iOS's XNU accepts command line arguments (though the actual passing of arguments is done by iBoot, which as of late refuses to do so). Arguments may be directed at the kernel proper, or any one of the many KExts (discussed below). The arguments of the kernel are largely the same as those of macOS.

Kexts use boot-args as well, as can be seen when disassembly by calls to PE_parse_boot_argn (usually exported, _PE_parse_boot_argn 8027A8EC on the iOS 6.1.3 kernel, discovered by Haifisch). Finding references (using IDA) reveals hundreds places in the code wherein arguments are parsed in modules, pertaining to Flash, HDMI, and AMFI.



The list of boot-args can be extracted from any kernel dump once the address of _PE_parse_boot_argn is determined (which is usually automatically). A list from iOS 8.4 is shown below:

# perform a full disassembly, isolate decompiled lines (^;) with PE_parse.. and isolate string between quotes, sorted uniquely: # morpheus@Zephyr (~)$ jtool -d __TEXT.__text kernel.8.4.dump | grep PE_parse |grep '^; '| cut -d\" -f2 | cut -d\" -f1 | sort -u -b -disable_atm -factory_debug -l -multiq-deep-drain -no-zp -no64exec -novfscache -oldmezname -panic_on_exception_triage -progress -qos-policy-allow -s -vm16k -vnode_cache_defeat -x -zc -zinfop -zp aks_default_class assert bg_preempt boot-uuid colors cpumon_ustackshots_trigger_pct darkwake dart dcc debug diag disable_exc_resource fill hwm_user_cores ifa_debug ifnet_debug imp_interactive_receiver inaddr_nhash initmcl interrupt_accounting io io_throttle_period_tier1 io_throttle_period_tier2 io_throttle_period_tier3 io_throttle_window_tier1 io_throttle_window_tier2 io_throttle_window_tier3 iosched iotrace jcon jtag keepsyms kernel_stack_pages kextlog kmapoff lcks lo_txstart longterm max_cpumon_interval max_cpumon_percentage max_task_pmem maxmem maxoffset mbuf_debug mbuf_pool mcache_flags mleak_sample_factor mseg msgbuf mtxspin multiq_drain_band_limit multiq_drain_depth_limit multiq_drain_urgent_first nbuf ncl net.inet.ip.scopedroute net.inet6.ip6.scopedroute net_affinity net_rtref net_rxpoll network-type panic_on_cs_killed preempt qos_override_mode rd rootdev rte_debug sched sched_decay_penalty sched_decay_usage_age_factor sched_pri_decay_limit sched_use_combined_fgbg_decay serial serverperfmode slto_us socket_debug task_policy_suppression_disable task_wakeups_monitor_interval task_wakeups_monitor_rate task_wakeups_monitor_ustackshots_trigger_pct tbi trace trace_panic trace_typefilter trace_wake unrestrict_coalition_syscalls vm_compression_limit vm_compressor vm_compressor_immediate vm_compressor_threads wfi wqsize zalloc_debug zlog zp-factor zp-scale zrecs zsize

Versions

In the beginning iOS had consistently maintained a fairly higher kernel version than the corresponding version of macOS. Over time, iOS and macOS have "moved nearer" together; OS X El Capitan's XNU was 3247.1.106~1 and iOS 9.0 was 3248.1.2~3. This is not surprising, considering that iOS introduced novel features (such as Kernel ASLR, the default freezer, and various security hardening features) which are first incorporated in it, and later made it to macOS. It seems that Apple is gradually uniting the iOS and macOS kernels over time, and with iOS 9 and OS X El Capitan the version numbers are nearer to each other then ever before. The compilation date for each version will vary slightly between processors. This is due to the fact that compilations are sequential. The following demonstrates the OS versions at present (via terminal uname -a command):

audioOS 13.4.8:

Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Fri Jun 26 21:16:39 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.143.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000

bridgeOS 4.6:

Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Thu Jul 9 01:45:19 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.145.1~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010

iOS/iPadOS 14.0:

Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Fri Aug 28 23:05:58 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.46~9/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000

tvOS 14.0:

Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Wed Aug 26 22:13:51 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.1.3~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010

watchOS 7.0:

Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Wed Aug 26 21:15:44 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.2.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006

Note: The RELEASE_ARM_xxxxxxxx file obviously differs on device / CPU and the time varies by a few minutes per device.

audioOS

Version Build Comment 11.0.2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.0.0: Sun Jul 23 09:03:24 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4570.1.12.0.2~13/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 11.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.3.0: Wed Oct 25 20:11:04 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4570.30.79~23/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 11.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.3.0: Sun Oct 29 17:30:04 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4570.30.85~17/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 11.2.5 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.4.0: Sat Dec 2 21:26:33 PST 2017; root:xnu-4570.40.6~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 11.2.5 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.4.0: Wed Dec 13 22:51:57 PST 2017; root:xnu-4570.40.9~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 11.2.5 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.4.0: Fri Dec 8 19:35:52 PST 2017; root:xnu-4570.40.9~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 11.3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Tue Mar 13 21:32:10 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.52.2~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 11.4 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Mon Apr 30 18:48:33 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.21~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 11.4.1 Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Mon Jun 11 19:06:28 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.70.24~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 12.0 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Tue Aug 14 22:07:17 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.202.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 12.1 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Tue Oct 16 21:02:34 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.222.5~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 12.1.1 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Mon Nov 12 20:32:00 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.232.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 12.1.3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Wed Dec 19 20:28:48 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.242.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 12.2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Tue Mar 5 19:52:15 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.252.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 12.3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu Apr 25 22:14:03 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.262.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 12.4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Fri Jun 21 22:24:15 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.47~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 13.2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Wed Oct 9 22:42:11 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.42.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 13.2.1 13.3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Mon Nov 4 17:46:35 PST 2019; root:xnu-6153.60.66~39/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 13.3.1 Darwin Kernel Version 19.3.0: Thu Jan 9 21:11:17 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.82.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 13.4 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Mon Feb 24 21:41:10 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.103.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 13.4.5 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Tue Apr 28 20:23:10 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.123.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 13.4.6 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Tue May 26 21:01:19 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.123.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 13.4.8 Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Fri Jun 26 21:16:39 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.143.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 14.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Thu Jun 11 20:57:23 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7090.0.0.113.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 14.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Wed Jun 24 01:30:37 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7132.0.0.0.1~280/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 14.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Wed Jul 15 22:18:09 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7168.0.0.133.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 14.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Mon Jul 27 00:32:47 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.8.0.1~19/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 14.1 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Wed Aug 12 22:04:35 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.33~61/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 14.1 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Mon Aug 17 06:07:03 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.41~14/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 14.1 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Wed Aug 26 22:35:02 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.1.3~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 14.1 beta 8 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Sun Aug 30 21:50:50 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.1.4~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 14.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Fri Sep 11 18:37:59 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.40.84.172.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000

bridgeOS

Version Build Comment 2.0.1 Darwin Kernel Version 17.4.0: Tue Dec 19 11:34:42 PST 2017; root:xnu-4570.47.16~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 2.3.1 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Sat May 5 19:46:24 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.21~23/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 2.3.2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Fri Jun 15 23:12:25 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.71.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 2.4.1 Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Fri Jun 15 18:33:47 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.71.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 3.0 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Thu Sep 6 18:24:30 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.201.2~72/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 3.2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Mon Nov 12 20:24:14 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.231.4~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 3.4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Mon Mar 11 20:29:36 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.251.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 3.5 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu Apr 25 21:46:37 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.261.4~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 3.6 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Tue Jun 25 21:35:19 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.47~9/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 4.0 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Wed Sep 25 19:59:46 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.11.26~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 4.1 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Mon Oct 14 03:38:28 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.41.3~14/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 4.2 (17P2551) Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Wed Nov 6 00:47:16 PST 2019; root:xnu-6153.61.1~6/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 4.2 (17P3050) Darwin Kernel Version 19.3.0: Tue Jan 7 22:39:04 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.81.3~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 4.3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.3.0: Tue Jan 14 18:04:59 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.81.3~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 4.4 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Mon Mar 2 20:38:56 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.101.6~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 4.5 (17P5290) Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Thu Apr 30 23:53:45 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.120.31~33/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 4.5 (17P5300) Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Tue May 26 20:16:42 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.121.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 4.5 (17P5580) Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Wed Jun 3 17:35:43 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.121.2~6/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 4.6 (17P6065) Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Thu Jul 9 01:45:19 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.145.1~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 4.6 (17P6604) Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Thu Jun 18 20:30:46 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.145.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 4.6 (17P6610)

iOS

iOS (Apple TV)

Version Build Comment 4.1 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Tue Sep 21 14:19:38 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.57.22~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Wed Oct 20 20:14:45 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.58.28~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.2.1 4.3 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Thu Feb 10 21:46:56 PST 2011; root:xnu-1735.46~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.4 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Thu Sep 15 23:34:16 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.43~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.4.1 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Fri Oct 14 15:47:23 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.44~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.4.2 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Wed Oct 19 19:05:07 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.45~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.4.3 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Tue Nov 1 20:33:58 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.46~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.4.4 5.0 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Wed Feb 1 23:17:51 PST 2012; root:xnu-1878.11.8~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8942X 5.0.1 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Wed May 2 12:12:59 PDT 2012; root:xnu-1878.11.11~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8942X 5.0.2 5.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Jun 17 19:47:47 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.1.61~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 5.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Jul 8 20:15:17 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.2.9~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 5.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Jul 29 20:15:28 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.2.26~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 5.1 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Aug 19 00:29:07 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.2.33~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8942X 5.1.1 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Wed Oct 10 23:30:28 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.2.34~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8942X 5.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Mon Nov 26 21:17:13 PST 2012; root:xnu-2107.7.53~27/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 5.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Dec 9 19:22:45 PST 2012; root:xnu-2107.7.55~6/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 5.2 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Dec 16 19:59:44 PST 2012; root:xnu-2107.7.55~11/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8942X 5.2.1 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Wed Feb 13 21:38:15 PST 2013; root:xnu-2107.7.55.2.2~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8942X 5.3 5.4 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jun 17 00:51:51 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.28~7/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jul 22 02:12:11 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.55~8/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Sun Aug 4 22:40:14 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.70~6/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.0 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Sep 9 20:56:45 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.74~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.0.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Sep 27 23:07:56 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.3.12~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.0.2 6.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Tue Dec 10 21:25:34 PST 2013; root:xnu-2423.10.38.1.1~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Thu Jan 2 01:55:45 PST 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.45~5/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jan 13 03:33:00 PST 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.49.0.1~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.1 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jan 27 23:55:13 PST 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.58~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Feb 21 19:41:10 PST 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.67~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.1.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Mar 28 21:22:10 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.70~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Thu May 15 23:18:01 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.71~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.2.1 7.0 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Tue Aug 19 15:09:45 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.1.72~8/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8947X 7.0.1 (12A402) Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Thu Sep 18 21:53:08 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.1.72~23/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8947X 7.0.1 (12B410a) Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Tue Oct 7 00:05:03 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.3.13~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8947X 7.0.2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Nov 3 22:23:59 PST 2014; root:xnu-2783.3.22~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8947X 7.0.3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jan 12 21:30:02 PST 2015; root:xnu-2783.3.26~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8947X 7.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Feb 9 22:07:29 PST 2015; root:xnu-2783.5.38~5/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8947X 7.2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Sun Mar 29 19:47:26 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2784.20.34~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8947X 7.2.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Thu Feb 18 15:13:33 PST 2016; root:xnu-2784.40.6~44/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8947X 7.2.2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Nov 11 17:37:49 PST 2016; root:xnu-2784.40.6~50/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8947X 7.3 ? 7.3.1 ? 7.4 ? 7.5 ? 7.6 ?

tvOS

Version Build Comment 9.0 beta ? 9.0 beta 2 ? 9.0 beta 3 ? 9.0 GM ? 9.0 ? 9.0.1 ? 9.1 beta ? 9.1 beta 2 ? 9.1 beta 3 ? 9.1 ? 9.1.1 beta ? 9.1.1 ? 9.2 beta ? 9.2 beta 2 ? 9.2 beta 3 ? 9.2 beta 4 ? 9.2 beta 5 ? 9.2 beta 6 ? 9.2 Darwin Kernel Version 15.4.0: Wed Feb 24 12:51:38 PST 2016; root:xnu-3248.41.4~47/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 9.2.1 beta ? 9.2.1 beta 2 ? 9.2.1 beta 3 ? 9.2.1 beta 4 ? 9.2.1 ? 9.2.2 beta ? 9.2.2 beta 2 ? 9.2.2 beta 3 ? 9.2.2 beta 4 ? 9.2.2 beta 5 ? 9.2.2 ? 10.0 beta ? 10.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Tue Jun 28 20:14:41 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3757~288/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Sat Jul 9 21:47:44 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3777.0.0.0.1~24/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Sun Jul 24 21:39:58 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.1.4.0.2~14/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Fri Aug 5 23:09:12 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.1.24~16/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.0 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Wed Aug 10 21:30:40 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.3.1~4/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.0 beta 7 10.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Wed Aug 10 21:05:14 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.3.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.0 10.0.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 16.1.0: Wed Sep 14 17:57:39 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.20.44~57/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.0.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.1.0: Thu Sep 29 22:13:19 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.23.3~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.0.1 beta 3 10.0.1 beta 4 10.0.1 10.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Sun Oct 23 21:22:09 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.30.76~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Tue Nov 1 23:22:40 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.30.86~55/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Mon Nov 7 20:28:37 PST 2016; root:xnu-3789.30.92~34/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Mon Nov 7 18:51:34 PST 2016; root:xnu-3789.30.92~24/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.1 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Tue Nov 29 20:25:47 PST 2016; root:xnu-3789.33.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.1 10.1.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Thu Dec 1 19:58:29 PST 2016; root:xnu-3789.43.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.1.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Mon Dec 19 19:56:48 PST 2016; root:xnu-3789.43.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.1.1 10.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 16.5.0: Mon Jan 16 22:11:09 PST 2017; root:xnu-3789.50.189~30/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.5.0: Tue Jan 31 22:05:35 PST 2017; root:xnu-3789.50.195.1.1~5/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 16.5.0: Fri Feb 10 18:55:56 PST 2017; root:xnu-3789.50.208~44/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 16.5.0: Wed Feb 22 22:34:16 PST 2017; root:xnu-3789.53.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2 beta 5 10.2 beta 6 10.2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.5.0: Wed Feb 22 22:54:48 PST 2017; root:xnu-3789.53.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 16.6.0: Wed Mar 22 22:02:18 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.60.12~19/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.6.0: Tue Apr 4 22:59:04 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.60.15~14/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 16.6.0: Tue Apr 11 22:12:20 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.60.20~13/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 16.6.0: Mon Apr 17 21:33:13 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.60.24~27/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2.1 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 16.6.0: Mon Apr 17 17:08:57 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.60.24~19/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2.1 10.2.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Mon May 8 22:30:36 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.9~15/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Wed May 24 22:30:31 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.11~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Tue Jun 6 21:55:21 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.15~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2.2 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Thu Jun 15 21:21:51 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.16~5/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2.2 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Thu Jun 15 17:33:44 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.16~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 10.2.2 11.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.0.0: Mon May 29 22:07:52 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4397.0.0.3.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 11.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.0.0: Tue Jun 13 21:14:00 PDT 2017; 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watchOS

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root:xnu-4570.50.279~10/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 4.3 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Sat Feb 24 20:28:09 PST 2018; root:xnu-4570.50.294~6/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 4.3 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Tue Mar 6 20:40:49 PST 2018; root:xnu-4570.54.2~1/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 4.3 beta 6 4.3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Tue Mar 13 21:28:26 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.54.2~5/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 4.3.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Sun Mar 25 20:42:41 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.10.0.1~15/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 4.3.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Thu Apr 5 21:59:02 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.16~7/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 4.3.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Sun Apr 22 20:53:35 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.19~31/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 4.3.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Tue May 1 20:17:20 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.21~11/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 4.3.1 beta 5 4.3.1 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Mon Apr 30 18:46:56 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.21~2/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 4.3.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Mon May 21 19:11:36 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.70.14~15/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 4.3.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Sun Jun 3 20:17:14 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.70.19~11/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 4.3.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Tue Jun 12 20:40:24 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.70.24~10/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 4.3.2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Mon Jun 11 17:57:06 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.70.24~1/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 5.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Fri May 25 20:57:45 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.199.14.6~1/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 5.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Sun Jun 10 21:03:33 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.249~10/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 5.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Mon Jun 25 21:48:47 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.274.0.2~48/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 5.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Tue Jul 10 23:32:58 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.304.44.2~1/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 5.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Tue Jul 24 23:01:44 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.327.54.1~2/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 5.0 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Wed Aug 1 20:49:25 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.342.64.2~2/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 5.0 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Wed Aug 8 21:59:00 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.204.1~3/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 5.0 beta 8 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Tue Aug 14 22:18:32 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.204.3~3/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 5.0 beta 9 5.0 beta 10 5.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Tue Aug 14 21:56:31 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.204.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.0 5.0.1 5.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Mon Sep 10 20:59:02 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.220.42~11/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Sun Sep 23 20:12:06 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.220.48~39/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Wed Oct 3 00:33:30 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.220.53~15/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Tue Oct 9 19:15:54 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.224.2~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.1 beta 5 5.1 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Mon Oct 8 08:09:42 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.224.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.1.1 5.1.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Sat Nov 3 03:36:16 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.234.1~4/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.1.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Mon Nov 12 21:27:01 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.234.2~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.1.2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Mon Nov 12 20:34:47 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.234.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.1.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Sat Dec 1 01:27:09 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.234.2~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.1.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Tue Dec 11 02:51:50 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.234.2~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.1.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Wed Dec 19 22:21:22 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.244.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.1.3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Wed Dec 19 20:46:08 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.244.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Sun Jan 13 20:57:15 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.250.305~9/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Wed Jan 30 18:09:30 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.250.319~59/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Sun Feb 10 21:35:34 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.250.336.0.1~13/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.2 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Sun Feb 24 21:23:01 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.250.349~9/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.2 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Tue Mar 5 21:52:47 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.254.2~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.2 beta 6 5.2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Tue Mar 5 21:36:00 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.254.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.2.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Mon Mar 18 21:54:15 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.254.2.100.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.2.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Sat Mar 30 16:57:51 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.264.5~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.2.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Sat Apr 13 18:46:16 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.264.8~11/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.2.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Fri Apr 26 00:12:16 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.264.10~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.2.1 beta 5 5.2.1 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Thu Apr 25 22:05:43 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.264.10~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Tue May 7 23:34:58 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.274.1.100.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Tue May 21 00:41:15 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.274.4~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Wed Jun 5 20:55:53 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.274.6~5/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.3 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Fri Jun 14 21:12:03 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.274.8~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.3 beta 5 5.3 beta 6 5.3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Fri Jun 21 21:48:59 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.274.8~4/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.3.5 5.3.6 5.3.7 5.3.8 6.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Fri May 24 21:03:15 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6041.0.0.114.3~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Sun Jun 9 19:10:47 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6110.0.0.120.8~4/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Thu Jun 27 20:00:23 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.13.134.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Mon Jul 8 20:46:31 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.59.144.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Tue Jul 23 23:58:58 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.103.154.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.0 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Wed Jul 31 00:10:42 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.103.8~5/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.0 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Fri Aug 9 23:24:40 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.4.3~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.0 beta 8 6.0 beta 9 6.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Wed Aug 21 22:55:07 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.4.3~14/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.0 6.0.1 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Thu Sep 12 20:03:35 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.4.4~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Thu Sep 19 19:48:28 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.40.109.100.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Wed Sep 25 21:10:15 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.40.121.124.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Thu Oct 3 18:04:31 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.40.150~16/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Thu Oct 10 19:34:06 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.44.3~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.1 beta 5 6.1 ? 6.1.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Thu Oct 31 01:24:54 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.60.58.0.1~20/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.1.1 beta 2 ? 6.1.1 beta 3 ? 6.1.1 beta 4 ? 6.1.1 ? 6.1.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Sat Dec 7 01:55:35 PST 2019; root:xnu-6153.60.66~69\/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 6.1.2 beta 2 ? 6.1.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Thu Jan 9 22:25:17 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.84.8~2\/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.1.2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Thu Jan 9 21:36:37 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.84.8~1\/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.1.3 6.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Wed Jan 29 20:09:48 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.100.178.101.1~2\/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Sun Feb 9 22:42:18 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.100.196~23\/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Thu Feb 20 02:34:41 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.104.2~4\/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 6.2 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Wed Feb 26 00:17:23 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.104.3~6\/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 6.2 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Wed Feb 26 00:17:15 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.104.3~6\/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.2 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Mon Feb 24 21:50:01 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.104.3~1\/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.5 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Sat Mar 21 00:55:54 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.124.6~6\/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.2.5 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Sun Apr 5 22:46:00 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.124.11~5\/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.2.5 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Thu Apr 23 21:04:53 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.124.16~2\/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.2.5 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Wed Apr 29 08:07:32 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.124.16~3\/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 6.2.5 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Thu Apr 23 20:12:10 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.124.16~1\/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 6.2.5 6.2.6 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Tue May 26 21:33:45 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.124.17~1\/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 6.2.8 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Mon May 18 01:46:51 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.144.15~4\/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 6.2.8 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Tue Jun 2 00:22:47 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.144.19~3\/RELEASE_ARM_T8004 6.2.8 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Sun Jun 21 23:00:37 PDT 2020; 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root:xnu-7195.2.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8006 7.0 7.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Fri Sep 11 19:08:11 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.40.84.172.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8301

Source Code

As XNU is based off of the BSD kernel, it is open source. The source is under a 3-clause BSD License for the original BSD portions with the portions added by Apple under the Apple Public Source License. The versions contained in iOS are not available, instead only versions used in macOS are available. This does not appear to be legal as per §2.3 in the APSL:

2.3 Distribution of Executable Versions. In addition, if You Externally Deploy Covered Code (Original Code and/or Modifications) in object code, executable form only, You must include a prominent notice, in the code itself as well as in related documentation, stating that Source Code of the Covered Code is available under the terms of this License with information on how and where to obtain such Source Code.

with Source Code defined in §1.8:

1.8 "Source Code" means the human readable form of a program or other work that is suitable for making modifications to it, including all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, scripts used to control compilation and installation of an executable (object code).

It is worth noting that Apple does not list XNU as being an open source component of iOS. This can be seen by viewing opensource.apple.com and selecting any iOS version. As far as can be told, none of the versions of XNU are available in source version.

There are many other open souce components that iOS uses that are not listed, such as:

It does not appear that Apple assumes what you see in the macOS pages are also on iOS as JavaScriptCore, WebCore, among others are listed on both OS X (10.8) and iOS (6.0), albeit different versions.

It is also worth noting that gdb (GCC debugger) and ld64 are listed as components in iOS 6.0. Why there are present is a mystery as they are not present on unaltered devices, but only through Cydia or Xcode's DeveloperImage.dmg .

Kernel Extensions

iOS, sadly, does not have kexts floating around the file system, but they are indeed present. The kernelcache can be unpacked to show the kernel proper, along with the kexts (all packed in the __PRELINK_TEXT section) and their plists (in the __PRELINK_INFO section).

The kernelcache can also be directly unpacked (if decrypted) using the Jonathan Levin's joker tool from https://newosxbook.com/tools/joker.html. With the advent of iOS 10 betas and out-of-box plaintext kernelcaches, this tool can be used after unpacking and applying lzssdec to decompress the kernelcache to its full size.

The Cydia supplied kextstat does not work on iOS. Sadly, the reason is that kextstat relies on kmod_get_info(...) , which is a deprecated (and recently removed) API in iOS 4.x and Mac OS X 10.6. With that said, the kexts do exist. As an alternative, consider using kextstat from the iOS BinUtils package (https://newosxbook.com/tool/iOSBinaries.html) or the open source modified version "JKextstat" (https://newosxbook.com/src.jl?tree=listings&file=18-1-JKextstat.c), which can also dump the raw XML data.



For a specific extension, e.g. SandBox, the full information (including the handy load address) is also accessible:

root# ./jkextstat -b sandbox -x :

<plist> <dict> <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key> <string>com.apple.security.sandbox</string> <key>CFBundleVersion</key> <string>154.7</string> <key>OSBundleCPUSubtype</key> <integer>9</integer> <key>OSBundleCPUType</key> <integer>12</integer> <key>OSBundleDependencies</key> <array> <integer>6</integer> <integer>7</integer> <integer>5</integer> <integer>3</integer> <integer>28</integer> <integer>1</integer> <integer>4</integer> <integer>16</integer> <integer>2</integer> </array> <key>OSBundleExecutablePath</key> <string>/System/Library/Extensions/Sandbox.kext/Sandbox</string> <key>OSBundleIsInterface</key> <false/> <key>OSBundleLoadAddress</key> <integer>2153734144</integer> <key>OSBundleLoadSize</key> <integer>36864</integer> <key>OSBundleLoadTag</key> <integer>29</integer> <key>OSBundleMachOHeaders</key> zvrt/gwAAAAJAAAACwAAAAMAAAAgAgAAAQAAAAEAAAAEAQAAX19URVhUAAAAAAAAAAAA AABgX4AAgAAAAAAAAACAAAAHAAAABwAAAAMAAAAAAAAAX190ZXh0AAAAAAAAAAAAAF9f VEVYVAAAAAAAAAAAAADMbV+AKGEAAMwNAAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABwCAAAAAAAAAAABf X2NzdHJpbmcAAAAAAAAAX19URVhUAAAAAAAAAAAAAPTOX4DLDQAA9G4AAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAF9fY29uc3QAAAAAAAAAAABfX1RFWFQAAAAAAAAAAAAAwNxf gDEDAADAfAAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAQBAABfX0RBVEEAAAAA AAAAAAAAAOBfgAAQAAAAgAAAABAAAAcAAAAHAAAAAwAAAAAAAABfX2RhdGEAAAAAAAAA AAAAX19EQVRBAAAAAAAAAAAAAADgX4C0BgAAAIAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAF9fYnNzAAAAAAAAAAAAAABfX0RBVEEAAAAAAAAAAAAAwOZfgHgAAAAAAAAABAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAX19jb21tb24AAAAAAAAAAF9fREFUQQAAAAAAAAAA AAA451+AGAAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAbAAAAGAAAABasg7Y2 TzkVrtqsgOViBQ0= <key>OSBundlePath</key> <string>/System/Library/Extensions/Sandbox.kext</string> <key>OSBundlePrelinked</key> <true/> <key>OSBundleRetainCount</key> <integer>0</integer> <key>OSBundleStarted</key> <true/> <key>OSBundleUUID</key> FqyDtjZPORWu2qyA5WIFDQ== <key>OSBundleWiredSize</key> <integer>36864</integer> <key>OSKernelResource</key> <false/> </dict> </plist>



It's also worth mentioning that, in the above listing, the OSBundleMachOHeaders (base-64 encoded binary headers) leak kernel addresses in iOS 6.0, defeating Kernel ASLR. This has been quickly fixed in iOS 6.0.1, effectively locking down iOS for the foreseeable future, thanks to security researcher mdowd.

Winocm uses a custom kernel which the version can be found below.

Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Fri Nov 22 18:19:54 CST 2013; root:xnu-2050.48.13~7/DEVELOPMENT_ARM_S5L8930X