On the 11th anniversary of Australia’s apology to the ‘Stolen Generations’, two survivors reflect on their experiences.

Melbourne, Australia – As a toddler in a children’s jail in Melbourne, Brian Morley cried relentlessly.

Having been taken from his mother by the police in 1960, when he was only two years of age, he became part of what is known as Australia‘s “Stolen Generations”.

Government records at the time stated that his mother, Mary, was an Aboriginal woman “of dull intellect” and was therefore considered an unfit parent, despite working full-time to take care of her three children.

Morley spent the first six months of his removal in Turana Reception Centre, a holding institution for children.

“As a consequence, I’ve always felt, at a fundamental level, being alone in the world. Even being among people, I still feel alone – and I think that will never go,” he says.

“That’s a direct consequence of being removed as a two-year-old.”

‘Throw them to the wind’

Morley was taken from his family as part of a series of policies designed to assimilate Aboriginal children into white Australia.

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Between 1900 and 1970, an estimated 100,000 Aboriginal children were forcibly removed from their homes and communities and placed with either white families or institutions, according to the landmark 1997 Bringing Them Home report, which heard the stories of people such as Morley.

On February 13, 2008, the then-Prime Minister Kevin Rudd issued a historic national apology to the stolen children.

Eleven years later, the anniversary of the apology gives cause for Morley to consider the circumstances of his removal and the ongoing effects it has had on him, including the ongoing pain of forced separation.

Brian Morley’s adoption record [Courtesy Brian Morley]

Split up from his brother and sister and adopted into a non-Aboriginal family, he says his adoptive parents once told him that, had they known he had a brother, they would have adopted him, too.

But as Morley notes, “that wasn’t the object of the exercise. It was divide and conquer, split them up and throw them to the wind.”

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His new family never told him he was Aboriginal, although being a child with dark skin, he says, “I knew something wasn’t quite right.”

The truth of his identity was revealed when, as an adult, Morley received government documents. By then, however, he was suffering from depression and alcoholism.

Yet there was a positive side.

“To find out that I was part of the oldest surviving culture on the planet was something that made me proud,” Morley says.

Aboriginal people have lived in Australia for tens of thousands of years and subsequently, are considered to have one of the oldest cultural histories on earth.

Today a gnarled 61-year-old with grey hair, bright eyes and an eloquent beard, Morley is a folk musician who regularly visits schools and community groups to tell his story and sing about his experiences in the hope of educating the broader population about the true history of the country.

Eva Jo Edwards as a child [Courtesy Eva Jo Edwards]

‘When does it all change?’

Eva Jo Edwards – another survivor of the Stolen Generations – was removed as a 10-year-old and placed into a Lutheran children’s home in Melbourne’s southeastern suburbs.

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“The idea was that I was to become white,” she says.

The childhood separation of Edwards from her family had long-lasting effects, as well. Her brother, who was also removed, committed suicide at the age of 25, and her mother became an alcoholic.

While Edwards would see her as a 15-year-old, she says sadly there was no connection. Soon after, her mother passed away.

Such experiences have affected Aboriginal survivors of Australia’s removal policies all across the country.

Last year, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare found there were around 17,000 Aboriginal people still battling the effects of the policies.

The report found more than half live with a disability or have a chronic health condition; 70 percent rely on government welfare, and are more than three times as likely to have been jailed in the past five years compared with other Aboriginal people.

Edwards was removed, aged 10, and placed into a Lutheran children’s home in Melbourne [Ali MC/Al Jazeera]

And while the government may have provided an official apology 11 years ago, Aboriginal communities are still faced with a series of ongoing challenges, including high inequality and the continued high rates of children’s removal from their families under child protection laws.

“We still have our kids removed at a higher rate; we still have the incarceration; we still have them dying earlier than a non-Aboriginal person,” Edwards says. “The unemployment is still high, the bad health is still high – where does it all stop, when does it all change?”

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While Edwards says she was lucky to be present at Rudd’s 2008 apology, she adds that financial compensation is necessary to help the next generation – people like her children and grandchildren.

In recent times, some Australian states have paid compensation to survivors of the Stolen Generations – most recently up to 75,000 Australian dollars ($53,000) by the government of New South Wales

Yet Victoria, the home of Morley and Edwards, refuses to do so, despite ongoing advocacy efforts by Aboriginal community groups and survivors themselves.

Instead, the Victorian government says it supports a national compensation scheme, which Rudd was not prepared to undertake at the time of the apology – and looks unlikely to come about.

In fact, many survivors of the Stolen Generations in Victoria feel they have been neglected.

“I don’t think it ever ends,” Edwards says, reflecting on the devastating impacts of her removal.

As for Morley, he says simply: “You could give me a million bucks, but it wouldn’t fix my head or my heart.”