Goldman indicated in early February that it would seek to repay the funds, and since then, several other banks have said they would like to do the same. Not all banks, however, are likely to bounce back as quickly as Goldman, despite expectations that other banks will report strong results for the first quarter.

Goldman announced profits of $1.66 billion in the quarter, or $3.39 a share, a strong comeback from a loss in late 2008. Goldman’s profit was propelled by record revenue of $6.56 billion in its fixed-income, currency and commodities unit, where mortgage and other credit instruments are traded. Over all, Goldman’s revenue was $9.43 billion, up 13 percent from the first quarter a year ago.

/Mr. Viniar said on Tuesday morning that the bank was able to generate much of its revenue by trading “plain vanilla” investments. Margins were higher than usual, he said, in part because of the disappearance of some of Goldman’s former competitors, like Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers.

“Many of our traditional competitors have retreated from the marketplace,” Mr. Viniar said.

Goldman reported its results a day ahead of schedule, setting a positive tone for other bank results expected in the coming week. While several small banks have returned TARP money, Goldman so far is alone among large institutions to seek to do so.

Last Tuesday, Lloyd C. Blankfein, Goldman’s chief executive, visited Washington to speak before an industry conference, and to meet with Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner. Though rumors have swirled about Goldman’s payback, it was only last week in that meeting that Mr. Blankfein formally asked to return the money and detailed his plan to raise more private capital. Goldman said on Monday that it would seek to raise $5 billion by selling new common stock and use the proceeds, along with other funds, to repay the government.

The amount Goldman owes will be higher than the $10 billion because of warrants that the government was granted that must be valued by an independent firm. Goldman said in a statement on Monday that returning the TARP money depended on the results of a stress test that federal bank examiners were in the process of administering to Goldman and other big banks.

Goldman did not address the bonds that it issued with government backing last fall.

While Goldman reported a strong first quarter, it also reported a loss of $1 billion in the month of December, underscoring how quickly its fortunes can change. That month was reported on its own because Goldman is changing the timing of its fiscal year by a month, to match the calendar year. The loss was in part related to write-downs on high-yield bonds, as well as deterioration in real estate.