I tried to install Tensorflow to learn machine learning, but ended up learning a lot more about hardware and the inner workings of AMD’s ROCm stack.

So, Tensorflow: it’s the premiere machine learning library, but unfortunately it only supports NVIDIA GPUs natively. This was problematic for me, as I own an RX 580. Thankfully, AMD has developed a port running on their own Radeon Open Compute (ROCm) architecture. They even have a docker image!

So I docker run 'd it, passing through the GPU as directed, and:

root@2a2a4a430b33:/root# python3 Python 3.5.2 ( default, Nov 23 2017, 16:37:01 ) [ GCC 5.4.0 20160609 ] on linux Type "help" , "copyright" , "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import tensorflow 2018-10-21 14:20:43.079860: F tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:37 ] The TensorFlow library was compiled to use AVX2 instructions, but these aren ' t available on your machine. Aborted ( core dumped ) root@2a2a4a430b33:/root#

Hm.

Initially, this error seemed inscrutable to me. I actually spent a long time looking through the cpu_feature_guard.cc file for where the error was located to see if it was a bug, but then I actually read the error. To reiterate:

The TensorFlow library was compiled to use AVX2 instructions, but these aren’t available on your machine.

Thanks to the power of Wikipedia, I realized that AVX2 is a CPU extension only introduced in Intel’s Haswell processors in 2013. And my computer has an i7-4820k, an Ivy Bridge processor. The question then became: Why would AMD compile a generic Docker image only for newer Intel CPUs?

However, looking closer on ROCm’s Getting Started page reveals that it requires not just a supported GPU, but a supported CPU:

GFX8 GPUs require PCIe 3.0 with PCIe atomics in order to run ROCm. In particular, the CPU and every active PCIe point between the CPU and GPU require support for PCIe 3.0 and PCIe atomics. If you attempt to run ROCm on a system without proper PCIe atomic support, you may see an error in the kernel log (dmesg): kfd: skipped device 1002:7300, PCI rejects atomics

(PCIe atomics, by the way, are used by ROCm as a way of ordering/synchronizing memory operations. You really can’t run ROCm without them.)

My heart sunk. The getting started page, at the time, only listed Intel Haswells and above as supporting PCIe atomics. That’s probably why the Tensorflow image was only compiled for Haswell and up. I checked dmesg | grep kfd to see the bad news and

kfd kfd: Initialized module kfd kfd: Allocated 3969056 bytes on gart kfd kfd: added device 1002:67df

Oh. That did not seem like an error due to a lack of PCIe atomics. I went to Intel’s datasheet for the 4820k, where I saw (p. 11):

🤔 So clearly my CPU did support atomics. Time for a bug report (which ultimately resulted in AMD updating its documentation about supported CPUs).

A few months passed, and sunway513 (an AMD employee? probably?) suggested I try to build Tensorflow, from source, using the dev Docker image. So I tried that, but then I saw that the build tools were also compiled using invalid (Haswell) instructions. Eventually, I managed to build Tensorflow starting from a clean ubuntu:16.04 image, installing ROCm manually, and then building Tensorflow as usual (with -march=native ).

Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 12 2018, 13:43:14) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import tensorflow as tf >>>

Victory!

(PS: After this whole ordeal, I tried AMD’s Docker image again. And, surprise, it Just Works now. So maybe they changed their build system in some way to stop compiling for Haswell. And yes, this makes this whole expedition pointless, but at least it was a learning experience!)