Report by UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria finds US, Syrian, and Russian forces could be responsible for war crimes.

Syrian government forces backed by Russian warplanes may have committed war crimes while targeting medical facilities, schools, markets and farmland in an ongoing deadly campaign in northwestern Syria, UN investigators say.

The UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria also said on Wednesday that Hay’et Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), a former al-Qaeda affiliate fighting government forces in the northwestern province of Idlib, fired rockets indiscriminately and killed civilians.

Syrian forces carried out repeated air raids in Saraqib in Idlib on March 9, damaging Al-Hayat women’s and children’s hospital despite being aware of its coordinates, the report said.

In Idlib on May 14, “pro-government forces air-dropped between two and four missiles on a fish market and primary school for girls in Jisr al-Shughour”, killing at least eight civilians, it said.

“Such attacks may amount to the war crime of deliberately attacking protected objects and intentionally attacking medical personnel,” the UN report said.

The Syrian army denies it targets civilians and says its forces only bomb fighters associated with “terrorists”.

Idlib, which borders Turkey, is the final rebel stronghold in the country.

In late April, Syrian forces, backed by Russia since 2015, began an offensive in the region in an attempt to capture the strategic area, which lies on a key highway connecting the capital, Damascus, with the northern city of Aleppo.

Last week, UN rights chief Michelle Bachelet said her office tallied more than 1,000 civilian deaths in northern Syria over the last four months – the majority caused by air raids and ground attacks by President Bashar al-Assad‘s forces and their allies.

The report, released Wednesday, also looked into other violations and documented how civilians continue to bear the brunt of the bloody eight-year war.

The @UNCoISyria launched our 18th mandate report to the @UN_HRC today, which documents how escalated violence and subsequent waves of mass displacement continue to torment #Syria-n civilians after eight year of conflict. #HRC42

link: https://t.co/BrQ59j9QMl pic.twitter.com/JpfQMwr54O — UN Syria Commission (@UNCoISyria) September 11, 2019

“Civilians continue to be unlawfully detained or kidnapped and often tortured for expressing political dissent,” the report said.

“In government-controlled areas, civilians, including recent returnees, have been arbitrarily arrested and detained, harassed, mistreated and tortured.”

Fight against ISIL

The UN also laid blame on the US-led coalition that has been battling Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL or ISIS) in the country.

It said coalition air raids in Syria have killed and wounded many civilians, highlighting that precautions were ignored and war crimes may have been committed.

Backed by US-led coalition air power in a fight to remove ISIL, the Syrian Democratic Forces, which include Kurdish fighters, retook the group’s last major stronghold of Hajin in eastern Syria in late December.

The coalition’s Al-Jazeera Storm operation resulted in a high number of civilian casualties, including in a series of attacks on January 3 in Sha’fah, south of Hajin, that killed 16 civilians including 12 children, the UN report said.

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“Launching indiscriminate attacks that result in death or injury to civilians amounts to a war crime in cases in which such attacks are conducted recklessly,” it said.

Coalition officials could not be reached immediately for comment.

Night raids by SDF forces backed by coalition helicopter gunships killed and wounded civilians in Shahil and other parts of Deir Az Zor province, in further apparent violations of international law, the investigators said.

The report covered events up until July and is based on nearly 300 interviews and analysis of satellite imagery, photographs and video.

The Syrian civil war, now in its ninth year, has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives and forced 13 million people from their homes.