Cisco Systems is laying off 5,500 employees as the internet gear maker scrambles to adapt to a technology upheaval that has triggered similar cutbacks to other storied tech companies.

The shake-up announced Wednesday means about seven per cent of Cisco's roughly 74,000 workers will lose their jobs beginning this summer.

The purge is the latest fallout from a relentless march of innovation that has forced some of the world's biggest and oldest technology companies to head in new directions in search of revenue growth.

Others that have been laying off thousands of workers while overhauling their product lines include Microsoft, the world's largest software maker; Intel, the world's largest maker of computer chips; and HP, a Silicon Valley pioneer that went to the extreme of splitting itself into two separate companies that have continued to cut back.

Tech companies for decades have been prodded into sometimes painful transitions as advances in computing and faster wireless connectivity open up fertile new markets for frequently nimbler and more motivated rivals to plow while the incumbent powerhouse stick to familiar ground.

The adjustments usually are more wrenching for the companies that wait too long to pivot.

IBM, for instance, dawdled during the early phases of the move away from mainframe computers, resulting in a traumatic overhaul that began in the 1990s and continues today. Despite its early leadership in personal computers, Apple went bankrupt during the 1990s before rebounding with its invention of the iPod and then, more importantly, the iPhone that triggered the mobile computing revolution underlying many of the current changes in technology.

"Companies are retooling now in attempt to take advantage of this next generation of opportunities," says Patrick Moorhead of tech consulting firm Moors Insights & Strategy. "History shows that some make the transition and others don't make it."

In the case of the 32-year-old Cisco, its business has been hurt as more of its corporate customers rely on remote data centres for their computing needs instead of online networks maintained on their own premises.

The San Jose, California, company is now focusing more on equipment tailored for large data centres and pouring more resources into software and security. The new emphasis is being orchestrated by CEO Chuck Robbins, who replaced the Cisco's long-time leader, John Chambers, nearly 13 months ago.

"We are committed to making the necessary decisions to drive our future growth," Robbins assured analysts during a Wednesday conference call. He promised to use the money that Cisco saves from paring its workforce to invest in areas where it believes it can boost its sales in the future.

Investors not impressed

Cisco's fiscal fourth-quarter results, also released Wednesday, underscored the need to expand beyond the company's traditional strengths.

The company's revenue for the three-month period that ended July 30 increased by just 2 per cent from last year to $12.6 billion. Previous cost cutting helped boost Cisco's profit 21 per cent to $2.8 billion, or 56 cents per share.

The performance didn't impress investors as Cisco's stock shed 42 cents to $30.30 in extended trading after the numbers came out. The decline may have been driven by disappointment that Cisco's job cuts weren't nearly as deep as published reports had speculated they would be.

It wouldn't be a shock if Cisco jettisoned even more workers in during the next year or two, given what has happened at other big tech companies that have gone through several waves of layoffs.

The employees who have been losing their jobs have been highly successful in finding other positions in the industry, as long as they have training in technical fields, said Todd Thibodeaux, CEO of CompTIA, a trade group that tracks industry employment. Laid-off workers in the finance, administrative and marketing departments of tech companies tend to have more trouble.

"This is certainly a period of transition, not only for the companies involved in it, but also for some of their workforce as well," Thibodeaux said.