Yǔ the Great

大禹 Mythical founder of the Xià Dynasty. Lived from 2123-2025 BCE, or so says Sima Qian

Féng Yùxiáng

馮玉祥 1882-1948, known as The Christian Warlord and The Betraying General. A major figure from the warlord era

Yán Xīshān

閻錫山 1883-1960, the Shanxi Warlord, he ran things in Shanxi for thirty-eight years.

Bái Chóngxǐ

白崇禧 1893-1966 Muslim warlord who later became one of the NRA's most prominent generals

Lǐ Zōngrén

李宗仁 1890-1969, Guangxi Warlord who later served as Vice president and president of the Republic of China

Nánjīng

南京 Capital of Jiangsu province, the Republic of China and seat of Chiang's government



Eastern Zhōu Dynasty

东周 Ran from approximately 770 to 256 BCE, comprising the second half of the Zhou Dynasty when the capital was at Luoyang. Also known as the Spring & Autumn and Warring States periods

Duke Huán of Qí

齐桓公 Rule of Qi State in Shandong from 685 to 643 BCE

Luòyáng

洛阳 Ancient capital locatred in Henan province

Qí

齐国 During ancient times Qi was a kingdom in Shandong with its capital at Linzi

Wǔhàn

武汉 City in Hubei made up of Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang



Jiāngsū

江苏 Coastal Province in East China north of Shanghai



Zhèjiāng

浙江 Coastal Province in Central China



Shāndōng

山东 Coastal province in North China

Zhāng Zōngchāng

张宗昌 Known affectionately as The Dogmeat General, also known by many nicknames, he was one of Zhang Zuolin's best generals. Later became Military Governor of Shandong. Lived from 1881-1932

Liú Zhēnnián

刘珍年 1898-1935, One of Zhang Zongchang's close generals, later a warlord in his own right. Known also as "The Killer"

Chǔ Yùpú 褚玉璞 1887-1929, former Zhang Zuolin and Fengtian Clique stalwart. Also one of The Dogmeat Generals comrades

Lín Zéxú

林则徐 1785-1850 Viceroy of Guangdong-Guangzi, famous for standing up to the foreign powers in the early stages of the Opium War conflict

Dàlián 大连 Strategic port city in Liaoning Province where Port Arthur / Lushunkou located

Wú Pèifú

吴佩孚 1862-1938, Succeeded Feng Guozhang as head of the Zhili Clique, also former president of China

Qí Xièyuán

齐燮元 1885-1946, Zhili Clique warlord. Later executed in 1946 as a Japanese collaborator

Liáoníng 辽宁 One of the three provinces making up Manchuria. Liaoning known for a while as Fengtian Province

Hēilóngjiāng 黑龙江 Another of the three provinces of Manchuria

Jílín 吉林 The third province that makes up the region of Manchuria

Pǔyí 溥仪 The Last Emperor of China. Lived from 1906-1967



Hóng Qiāng Huì 红枪会 The Red Spears Society

Húběi

湖北 Central Chinese province where Wuhan is located

Hénán 河南 Ancient province in on the Yellow River "Where China began"

Shāndōng 山东 Coastal northern province

Manchukuo (Mǎnzhōuguó) 满洲国 Japanese Puppet state setup in Manchuria in 1932

Guāndōng Army

关东军 Known in Japan as the Kantō-gun. They were a part of the Imperial Japanese Army and responsible for most of the atrocities carried out by Japan in China.

Héběi 河北 Northern province of China, where Beijing is physically located. During the Warlord Era the province was known as Zhili

Hénán 河南 Northern province of China



Yāntái 烟台 City in Northeast Shandong

Běipíng 北平 The name of Beijing for a brief while until the Communists changed it back in 1949

dūjūn 督军 military governor of a province

Gānsù 甘肃 Western province of China. Capital is at Lanzhou

Shānxī 山西 Northern and very ancient province in China



Shǎnxī 陕西 Province in north central China where Xian is located



Zhāng Xuéliáng

张学良 The Young Marshal, son of Zhang Zuolin. Lived a hundred years from June 3, 1901 to October 15, 2001



Guǎngdōng 广东 Province in Southern China



Guǎngxī 广西 Province in Southwest China next door to Guangdong



Wāng Jīngwèi 汪精卫 1883-1944, controversial KMT leader who first led the Leftists and later became an anti-Communist. Foe of Chiang Kai-shek



Zhílì-Ānhuī War （Zhí-Wǎn Zhànzhēng) 直皖战争 Fought between the forces of Cáo Kūn and Wú Pèifú on the Zhili side defeating Duàn Qíruì’s Ānhuī Army in 1920



Dài Lì 戴笠 The Himmler of China, head of Chiang Kai-shek's secret police organization

Chén Lìfū 陈立夫 He ran Chiang's Investigation Section of the KMT Organization Department

Mǎ Clique.

马家军 The Muslim warlords of northwest China (Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia). The four primary warlords were Ma Bufang , Ma Hongkui, Ma Hongbin and Ma Buqing

Máo Zédōng

毛泽东 1893-1976, Great 20th century revolutionary who ruled China from its founding in 1949 till his death in 1976. Responsible for a lot of death, among other things.



Jiāngxī Soviet

中央革命根据地 Also known as the Jiangxi-Fujian Soviet. Lasted from 1931 to 1934.

2nd Zhílì Fèngtiān War 第二次直奉戰爭 Second time around with Wu Peifu squaring off against Zhang Zuolin from Sept-Nov 1924. Zhili lost thanks to Feng Yuxiang

Wǎn Xì 皖系 Ānhuī Clique

Zhāng Zuòlín

张作霖 1875-1928, The Manchurian Warlord, another major warlord in his day



Tiānjìn

天津 Port city just to the southwest of Beijing

Cáo Kūn

曹锟 1862-1938, Zhili Clique leader and president of China for a short time

Xī’ān Incident

西安事变 Happened December 12-26, 1936 in Xian. Zhang Xueliang's crazy attempt to force Chiang Kai-shek to join with the CCP to fight Japan

Jǐnggāngshān 井冈山 City in southwest Jiangxi province where mountains are located that served as Mao's base during the early 30's.



Duàn Qíruì

段祺瑞 1865-1936. Warlord and China politician. Also served as premier. Originally from Hefei, Anhui, he headed the Anhui Clique



Sūn Chuánfāng

孙传芳 1885-1935, Known as The Nanking Warlord. One of the major warlords of the era

Shī Cóngbīn 施从滨 Commander in Sun Chuanfang’s army. Executed by Sun

Shī Jiànqiào 施剑翘 Daughter of Shi Congbin

and Sun Chuanfang's executioner

Zhèng Jīnshēng 郑金声 Military general executed by Zhang Zongchang in 1927

Zhèng Jìchéng 郑继成 son of Zheng Jicheng and executioner of Zhang Zongchang

Jìnán

济南 Capital city of Shandong Province

Húnán 湖南 Province in south central China woth its capital at Changsha

Táng Shēngzhì

唐生智 1889-1970, Hunan warlord and general during the Second Sin-Japanese War