Five decades after a 21-year-old soldier from Richmond, Virginia, named James Joseph Dresnok sprinted through the demilitarised zone and began his new life as a propaganda tool for North Korea, his Pyongyang-born sons have announced his death.

Dresnok's health had been failing for years, and his sons said he died of a stroke in November. He was 74 and had spent two-thirds of his life espousing the virtues of the country he ran to on that summer day in 1962. The death of the man thought to have outlived or outlasted the other US defectors to North Korea had been rumoured, but his sons recently confirmed it on the state-run Uriminzokkiri website, according to the Guardian.

“I have never regretted coming to the People's Republic of North Korea,” Dresnok said in a 2006 BBC documentary. “I feel at home. I really feel at home. I was just a regular soldier. And when I gave it up and came over, I wouldn't trade it for nothing.”

But like most things the man known as “Comrade Joe” said publicly after defecting, it was impossible to suss out which statements were genuine and which were parroted propaganda.

As his health failed, Dresnok's Korean-speaking sons spoke on their father's behalf. But their words, too, were heavily scripted and overwhelmingly supportive of North Korea and its policies.

“I want to advise the US to drop its hostile policy against North Korea. They've done enough wrong, and now it's time for them to wake up from their delusions,” Ted Dresnok, the oldest son, said in a video published online in 2006 by the pro-Pyongyang news service Minjok Tongshin.

Those words were spoken amid escalating tensions between the United States and North Korea that have worsened under President Donald Trump, who has promised that the isolationist country would be “met with fire and fury” if it doesn't stop threatening the United States.

Dresnok and other Army defectors - including Private Larry Abshier, Sergeant Robert Jenkins and Specialist Jerry Parrish - were seen as propaganda victories for North Korea.

“Comrade Joe” even played an evil American in North Korean propaganda movies. And his disembodied voice was broadcast across the demilitarised zone to entice US troops with promises of better food rations and beautiful women.

It was a world away from what Dresnok described as a humble and tumultuous childhood in Virginia's capital. His parents were in constant conflict and, later, estranged. They died when he was a child. He was briefly raised by relatives and spent time in foster care.

“My father was a worker, my mother was a housewife. And they fought like cats and dogs,” he told the BBC documentary. “She stayed in the bars and on the streets day and night. We slept, ate and drank everything in the back seat of a car.”

He joined the Army the day after his 17th birthday, according to the Guardian, but Army life - and regular life - quickly soured.

On a trip home from deployment, he discovered that his wife had run away with another man. Despondent during the ensuing divorce, he put in for Army service in the most dangerous place he could think of: near the demilitarised zone. One night in South Korea, he left base without permission to be with a woman. Soon, he found himself facing a court-martial.

“I was fed up with my childhood, my marriage, my military life, everything. I was finished,” he told the documentary makers. “There's only one place to go. On August 15th, at noon in broad daylight, when everybody was eating lunch, I hit the road. Yes, I was afraid. Am I gonna live or die? And when I stepped into the minefield and I seen it with my own eyes, I started sweating. I crossed over, looking for my new life.”

He was interrogated in the North Korean capital but was ultimately embraced, along with other defectors.

It was not an easy fit at first. Four years after defecting, he and other former US soldiers went to the Soviet Embassy, trying to find a way back to the United States, the Guardian reported. The Soviets handed them back to the North Koreans.

That's when Dresnok said he vowed to try to fit in.

Resigned to his new life in North Korea, he learned to speak Korean and taught English, according to The Washington Post's Anna Fifield. He married a Romanian woman, Doina Bumbea, who reportedly had been abducted by North Korea and died of cancer in 1997. They had two children, Ted and James. Ted goes by the Korean name Hong Sun Chol. His younger brother goes by the name Hong Chol.

James Dresnok Sr later fathered a third son with his third wife - the daughter of a Korean woman and an African diplomat.

“Comrade Joe” lived a simple life in North Korea, drinking, fishing and smoking three packs of cigarettes a day. He'd gained some acclaim from the films. People on the street stopped and stared at the large white man from the movies.

His adopted country provided him with a monthly stipend and a small apartment. But in the capital, blackouts were frequent, as were moments when there was no running water. Every home was equipped with a built-in radio that played propaganda and could not be turned off.

In 2008, in an interview with the Guardian, he discussed how he viewed his decision to turn his back on the United States.

“I don't consider myself a traitor,” he said. “I love my country. I love my town.”

Inside the daily life in North Korea Show all 19 1 /19 Inside the daily life in North Korea Inside the daily life in North Korea People reading a newspaper at the metro station Inside the daily life in North Korea Thoughts of the leaders on the tram. They have about a dozen of these on every tram, all with different thoughts Inside the daily life in North Korea Young people training for a big upcoming festival Inside the daily life in North Korea People at the Pyongyang's annual marathon Inside the daily life in North Korea Many stars on one of the trolleys in Pyongyang Inside the daily life in North Korea An intimidating poster in a primary school in North Korea. Inside the daily life in North Korea Solar panels installed on a street lamp. Inside the daily life in North Korea A poster on the window next to one of the venues we visited in Pyongyang Inside the daily life in North Korea Kids playing football next to the Arch of Triumph. After a while tourists were allowed to join, so some of us did Inside the daily life in North Korea Class in an educational center in Pyongyang (where people over 17 years old can attend any classes they choose after school, for free) Inside the daily life in North Korea People waving at me during the Pyongyang marathon Inside the daily life in North Korea People having a great time dancing at a public park Inside the daily life in North Korea A metro driver in a metro station in Pyongyang Inside the daily life in North Korea Fireworks to mark the birthday of the Eternal President Kim Il Sung on our last night in Pyongyang Inside the daily life in North Korea My wonderful tour guide at a public park Inside the daily life in North Korea One of the parks in Pyongyang Inside the daily life in North Korea A person rowing some boats for the day at a river in Pyongyang Inside the daily life in North Korea The National War Museum Inside the daily life in North Korea Public park in Pyongyang

But he said he considered himself a citizen of Pyongyang.

“I call it my country because I have been here for 46 years. My life is here. Enough? The government will take care of me until my dying breath.”