Throughout history, Bhutan has resolutely charted its own destiny in South Asia. This, despite the country’s location at the intersection of great powers

Bhutan had a love-hate-love relationship with Tibet. They owe their cultural roots to Tibet; the first Shabdung (1594-1651) hailed from Southern Tibet and is considered Bhutan’s first ruler. Buddhism spread from Tibet to Bhutan. But from the seventeenth century, the landlocked nation had to fend off numerous invasions from Tibetan chieftains.

It’s these invasions that led Bhutan to build its iconic ‘Dzongs’ across the country; fortresses that were ostensibly defensive, serving administrative and religious functions.

In 1627, to help the Bhutanese fend off the invaders, a group of Portuguese missionaries (who were the first Europeans to visit Bhutan) offered the then ruler, Ngawang Namgyal, guns, gunpowder and a telescope. It was a timely offer of modern technology. However, Bhutan looked at the offer of foreign military aid with suspicion and turned down the offer.

Namgyal unified the provinces that later became Bhutan – fending off invasions from Tibet as well as from the Mongols. Since then, Bhutan has maintained a culture of independence.



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