Vineyards are among the rural enterprises facing some of the steepest business rate rises in England

Rural enterprises will be among the biggest losers in the most radical reform of business rates for a generation.

Riding schools, livery yards, stud farms, vineyards and livestock markets are facing some of the steepest business rate rises in England, according to league tables seen by The Times.

Kennels and catteries, polo grounds, racecourses and racing stables will also be among the worst hit, when the new rates come into effect in April. The biggest winners include photo booths, bingo halls, cement and steel works and oil refineries, which will all receive a reduction in their bills.

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Business rates — the commercial equivalent of council tax — are usually reset every five years, but a delay means that the government is adjusting rates to