TORONTO—Huawei Technologies Co.’s chief financial officer argued in court documents made public Tuesday that Canadian efforts to extradite her to the U.S. should be stayed because of misconduct by Canadian and U.S. law enforcement.

The allegations were contained in hundreds of pages of documents and videos showing the arrest last year of Huawei’s finance chief, Meng Wanzhou, that were released late Tuesday following a court hearing in Vancouver. The extradition case has put Canada in the middle of a high-stakes trade conflict...