China plans to name a new leader for its central bank on Monday in a move signaling that Beijing will continue an ambitious — and, some say, much needed — financial shake-up to get the country’s debt under control and keep its economy growing.

Yi Gang, an American-educated economist, is set to succeed Zhou Xiaochuan, the central bank’s governor for more than 15 years, two people familiar with the decision said. The choice of Mr. Yi, a protégé and deputy of Mr. Zhou, almost guarantees continuity in Chinese policy.

The leadership change follows a broader pattern as President Xi Jinping consolidates power and pushes through his economic agenda. In recent months, Beijing has been more outspoken about dealing with the country’s debt problems and forcing deeply indebted private sector companies to sell assets and pay off some of their loans.

The central bank chief will play a major role, trying to ensure that just the right amount of credit flows to the economy. But Mr. Yi will not likely carry the same clout as his predecessor, an important architect of China’s considerable yet incomplete transition from central planning to a market-oriented economy.