The real point of the spheres is how Amazon wants to use the nature on the inside to inspire employees. When they open in early 2018, the spheres will be packed with a plant collection worthy of top-notch conservatories, allowing Amazon employees to amble through tree canopies three stories off the ground, meet with colleagues in rooms with walls made from vines and eat kale Caesar salads next to an indoor creek.

Since Amazon decided about a decade ago to stay in downtown Seattle, the company said, it has invested more than $US4 billion ($5.3 billion) in the construction and development of offices in the city, though it won't disclose the budget for the spheres. The spheres will be accessible to Amazon employees only, but the company eventually could allow public tours.

"The whole idea was to get people to think more creatively, maybe come up with a new idea they wouldn't have if they were just in their office," said Dale Alberda, the lead architect on the project at NBBJ, a firm that has also worked on building projects for Samsung, Google and the Chinese internet company Tencent.

Beanbag chairs

Tech companies have been eager to test ways to make workplaces more conducive to creativity. Some turn their offices into grown-up playgrounds, with beanbag chairs, ball pits and pingpong tables.

The spheres under construction at Amazon headquarters. A creek will run through them. Ian C Bates

The more refined alternative now catching on is to make nature the star of the show. Apple, for example, has hired an arborist, Dave Muffly, to oversee the planting of about 8000 trees on its new 176-acre campus in Cupertino, California, which will surround a spaceship-shaped new building where Apple employees will work. The mostly native trees are intended to restore the natural landscape that once blanketed Silicon Valley.

What makes Amazon's project unusual is its location in the heart of a city, rather than on a sprawling suburban campus of the sort favoured by most other big tech companies. Amazon, the largest private employer in Seattle, has more than 20,000 employees spread out in more than 30 buildings in the city. Its current construction plans will give it the space to more than double its local head count.


Bezos has said that Amazon is staying put in a city because the kinds of employees it wants are attracted to an urban environment. But the concrete and steel canyons around Amazon's new downtown properties do not have a lot of greenery. That is where the spheres and Gagliardo, whom Amazon hired to fill them with plants, enter the picture.

Margaret O'Mara, an associate professor of history at the University of Washington, sees the spheres as a kind of Walden Pond under glass. "It's a retreat, a cathedral away from the hubbub of the city," she said.

Ron Giagliardo, Amazon's in-house horticulturalist. Ian C Bates

There was plenty of noise inside the spheres on a recent tour, as workers welded steel, pounded bolts into place and sawed concrete inside the half-built structure. The glass panels that make up the carapace of the spheres were being lowered onto steel supports in eye-catching shapes.

Wearing a hard hat, Gagliardo dodged power cords and scaffolding, surveying an enormous mass of concrete where a five-story living wall fabric pockets filled with plants will eventually be installed. He pointed to where a glass roof panel will be removed and a 45-foot fig tree will be lifted by crane into one of the spheres, one of 40 to 50 trees that will be installed.

"Being able to walk through here, I'm starting to see where things are going to go," he said.

The spheres will have meeting areas called treehouses, and suspension bridges high off the ground that will be just wobbly enough to quicken the pulses of employees who walk over them. "Amazon said, 'Make this fun,'" said Alberda, the architect.

Amazon's architects had to make the spheres welcoming for both plants and people, a space with the abundance of a conservatory but without the stickiness that will fog laptop screens and make people sweat.


During the day, Amazon will keep the spheres at 72 degrees and 60 per cent humidity, while at night the temperature will average 55 degrees and the humidity 85 per cent, which Gagliardo said would be optimal for the cloud forest plant specimens it has collected.

Access to nature

A growing body of academic research points to the benefits of giving employees access to nature. About a decade ago, Ihab Elzeyadi, an associate professor of architecture at the University of Oregon, conducted a study in which workers who were provided with a view of nature experienced a 20 per cent reduction in sick leave from their employer, though it was not clear why that happened.

Elzeyadi said he was intrigued by Amazon's sphere project, but not convinced it would be as effective as letting workers gaze at plants from their desks.

"You're making a big investment and betting on two big hypotheses," he said. "Will they leave work and go there and, having that kind of nature-bathing maybe once a week, will it really impact their stress levels?"

Any respite from stress could be particularly helpful for a company that has a reputation for a sometimes punishing work environment.

Until plants start moving into the spheres next spring, Gagliardo, 50, dotes on them in their temporary home in the huge greenhouse Amazon has been leasing for the past couple of years. He will continue to tend to the plants for Amazon after they are planted in the spheres.

He stops by a welwitschia, a Namibian plant with two leaves, proclaiming it the "ugliest plant in the world" and delivering the line with such enthusiasm that it sounds like a compliment. With misters pumping water into the air, he swells with excitement discussing his current love affair with a group of begonias from Southeast Asia.


"Next week I'll be more excited about a different group," he said.

Many of the species Amazon is growing here are endangered or extinct in the wild, acquired from botanical gardens, universities and private growers around the world. Gagliardo, who previously worked at the Atlanta Botanical Garden and in amphibian conservation, said opportunities to build a plant collection like Amazon's did not come along often.

"I'm a plant curator by heart," he said. "So different plant families, amassing a collection of plants, is totally what I geek out on and go crazy about."

New York Times

The New York Times