Four migrant workers from India faced harsh living conditions and were drastically underpaid as sculptors on a Hindu temple in Toronto, according to two of the workers who spoke exclusively to CBC Toronto.

By day, they sculpted and painted one of the most holy parts of the temple, by night they would languish in the basement of the building, sleeping on cots by the boiler, according to Sekar Kurusamy, 51, and Suthakar Masilamani, 46.

"We were so hungry. It was unbearable. After being hungry, we would get light-headed," said Kurusamy, who spoke to CBC through an interpreter.

In addition to lack of food, the workers claim they have not been paid for overtime and the Tamil Workers Network is asking whether there were inadequate safety practices on the job site.

In a statement to CBC Toronto, Sridurka Hindu Temple says the allegations are "false."

The Tamil migrants say they were forced to sleep on four cots in one room in the basement of the temple. (Tamil Workers Network)

'We didn't get sufficient food'

Toronto's Sridurka Hindu Temple hired the four Tamil men directly from India to execute part of a $1.2-million renovation to the temple's gopuram — similar to a steeple on a church.

The men said they started work at 8 a.m., without being fed, and no food was made available until two to three hours into the shift.

Kurusamy said when the four Tamil workers pressed the temple's chief priest for food, he became verbally abusive and threatened them with violence.

"He got mad and told us to get out. He said, 'get out dog.' He used offensive words," Kurusamy said. "My soul hurt. We were crying because we didn't get sufficient food. We didn't know what else to do. We didn't know anyone. This was our first time in the country."

Masilamani told CBC Toronto he has an ulcer, so regular food is important for his condition.

"We worked there for five months, yet not a single proper meal," said Masilamani through a translator. "We wouldn't be able to ask him about the food. We get the leftovers from the day before after the worshippers ate."

Tamil workers say all four of them were forced to sleep in the basement next to the boiler. (Tamil Workers Network)

Masilamani and Kurusamy said they worked more than 60 hours a week, without any regular day off, but it was the food and sleeping conditions that were most upsetting.

"Even if I brought up the bed bugs, [the chief priest] would act angry. He made us stressed and sad," said Masilamani.

"His behaviour is not priest-like. He used a lot of offensive language," Kurusamy said. "He put his hands up like he was going to hit us."

Temple alleges complaints unfounded

Sridurka Hindu Temple refused an interview request with chief priest Rev. Kanaswami Thiagarajahkurukkal, but in a statement said for the past five years temporary workers have been brought to Canada to complete its religious sculpting work.

The temple says "no overtime work was done" and the workers were housed on the premises "for ease of access to the construction site, to reduce the time required for commuting, [provide] access to meals and access to the temple for their spiritual needs."

"Over the past five years, our religious sculptor workers have never expressed concerns or made any complaints to us regarding the living conditions," the statement said. "Our employee satisfaction survey in the past years indicates that sculptor workers are satisfied with the wages, working environment and residence facilities."

"We would like to clarify that no workers were ever verbally attacked, physically shoved or pushed by any of our staff."

Sridurka Hindu Temple's chief priest Rev. Kanaswami Thiagarajahkurukkal is alleged to have treated the four workers poorly. (Facebook)

'It's slavery in the modern world,' Tamil Workers Network says

Eventually, a member of the temple's congregation became aware of the alleged conditions the workers were facing and contacted the Tamil Workers Network.

"If it was 20 years ago, when I was young, I may have just burned the temple down, because of the magnitude ... of the story," said Ram Selvarajah, a volunteer with the Tamil Workers Network. "I'm not even going to the fair wages part of it, it's just the way the people were treated … it's slavery in the modern world."

Despite working up to 20 metres in the air on scaffolding, they had no safety gear other than a helmet and boots purchased at a second-hand store, the workers said.

The workers were not supplied with safety harnesses, they say, even though they were working up to 20 metres off the ground on scaffolding. (Tamil Workers Network)

The four workers met with the Tamil Workers Network in September of last year and provided their employment contracts, something the men could not read because they do not know English.

Their employment records show the four men were hired for six months from April 15, 2017 to Oct. 15, 2017.

The contract stipulates the men would make $18 an hour for a 40-hour work week, and an overtime rate of $27 an hour. That works out to roughly $2,500 a month prior to overtime.

This is an example of a cheque that the migrant workers say they were issued for $2,530 for a month's work. (Tamil Workers Network)

On the morning of Sept. 24, Kurusamy and Masilamani say the chief priest told them all four workers would be leaving for India in mere hours.

That was three weeks prior to the end of their contract and shortly after the four men spoke to the Tamil Workers Network.

The two men, who spoke to CBC Toronto from India, say they still have not been paid for their fifth month of work.

In its statement, the temple denied they were sent back early and said two of the four workers "had expressed interest in returning in the Spring 2018 to finalize the project."

CBC Toronto was given taped video accounts from the other two sculptors who worked with Kurusamy and Masilamani. In those videos, they made similar allegations about their working conditions.

'People bring their hopes...to a temple'

Thiagarajahkurukkal won the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012, an award to honour Canadians for significant contributions and achievement.

"Especially when you are saying, 'I'm a man of god; this is a place of worship,' you know people bring their hopes and dreams and desperations to a temple and I think this has become a business; it's exploitative," said Selvarajah.

CBC Toronto's investigation into Rev. Thiagarajahkurukkal show a BMW is registered to him, and a Mercedes S5A is registered to the temple, which is a charity.

Selvarajah said his mother donated to the construction fund for the temple and he recognizes these are "big accusations" to be levelling against one of the most prominent faith leaders within his community.

"My mom was like, 'No, no, no, it can't be happening. This is a temple. It doesn't happen at temples.' So this is a huge, huge thing. I'm sure it's going to bring a lot of reverberations within the community," said Selvarajah.

While this is the first known case of problems involving Tamil migrants in the city, the Tamil Workers Network has begun informal investigations within Toronto's Tamil community and doesn't believe it happened in isolation.

"When we realized the magnitude of this, we're pretty sure there is quite a lot of cases that it's going to open up," he said. "This is now on our radar."

'Tip of the iceberg,' lawyer says

Parkdale Community Legal Services has taken on the case for free. Currently, the legal clinic is attempting to track down transaction records for the men's Indian bank accounts to show how much they were actually taking home.

"Based on our preliminary assessment, we believe there is a substantial sum...owing for both minimum wage and overtime pay," said John No, who is a lawyer with the clinic's workers rights division.

Temporary Foreign Worker permit holders are restricted to work with one employer in Canada.

"Their ability to stay in Canada and make a living is completely dependent on that one employer. So if that one employer is treating them badly, whether in terms of working conditions or employment standards, they have very little real recourse because they can't leave that job," said No.

No said his office deals with about 50 cases of migrant worker mistreatment each year.

"We believe that's the tip of the iceberg," he said. "A lot of the workers are too afraid to come forward."