The price of U.S. crude oil collapse to below zero for the first time on record, falling to negative-$37 per barrel and forcing oil producers to pay buyers to take the product off their hands.

As The Guardian reported last week, 160 million barrels of oil are being stored in tankers near shipping ports around the world due to the sharpest drop in oil demand in a quarter of a century because of the coronavirus pandemic and the resulting global lockdown.

Monday's free-fall saw oil prices drop 105% in a matter of hours and came after extensive negotiations between President Donald Trump, Russia, and Saudi Arabia in which the U.S. president asked the two countries to cut their oil output by 10 to 15%.

"Trump's attempt to prop up oil prices was front-page news a few days ago," economist Paul Krugman tweeted, calling the effort "a complete bust."

Trump's attempt to prop up oil prices was front-page news a few days ago. So I'm surprised at how little attention is being given to the fact that it has been a complete bust pic.twitter.com/uizM31RVWp — Paul Krugman (@paulkrugman) April 16, 2020

It's worth underscoring that Trump spent the last few weeks diligently working with Saudi Arabia and Russia to prop up oil prices. https://t.co/uf8AUHy78f — Jeet Heer (@HeerJeet) April 20, 2020

The plummeting of oil markets on Monday, the last day oil producers can trade barrels for next month, solidified a trend which has been evident since the coronavirus pandemic brought economies around the world to a halt last month.

Critics urged U.S. policymakers not to approach the collapsing markets as a problem that can be solved by propping up the oil industry. As David Roberts wrote at Vox Monday, the sector has been in decline for years and any taxpayer funds which go to propping it up further would be "wasted."

First, fracking was a financial wreck long before COVID-19 hit. U.S. fracking operations have been losing money for a decade, to the tune of around $280 billion. Overproduction has produced a supply glut, low prices, and an accumulating surplus in storage. [...] Both oil and gas prices were persistently low leading into 2019. Due to oversupply and mild winters in the U.S. and Europe, there is a glut of both natural gas and oil, such that the entire world’s spare oil storage is in danger of being filled.

The fossil fuel industry, Roberts reported, is "furiously lobbying" for relief funds, but others on social media joined him in denouncing the possibility of a bailout.

Oil prices have crashed below $11 as demand has collapsed, and the cost of storing the oil for future use is now too high. But highly indebted oil companies being propped up by the Fed keep pumping anyway. The solution is to let these oil companies go bankrupt and stop pumping. — Peter Schiff (@PeterSchiff) April 20, 2020

Our thoughts on bailing out the oil industry: No — Public Citizen (@Public_Citizen) April 20, 2020

Some climate action advocates reiterated earlier calls to nationalize the oil industry, a move which New Republic journalist Kate Aronoff said last month would "ensure the country's energy demands are met responsibly as it transitions to a net-zero-emissions economy, without the need to appease [fossil fuel] companies' shareholders."

"This is our chance to publicly own oil and gas companies," the Sunrise Movement tweeted Monday.

An hour after this was reported, prices are down to almost -$40 a barrel. This is our chance to publicly own oil & gas companies. If we do this we can protect workers in these industries while also working to manage the transition off of fossil fuels.https://t.co/x5PF0lBBUd — Sunrise Movement (@sunrisemvmt) April 20, 2020

The oil price collapse creates a historic opening: a public buy out of the fossil fuel sector to enact a managed decline of extraction and ensure a just transition for workers & communities. Read more in our GND series by @johannabozuwa @carlaskandier https://t.co/WY54Rbe7lB — Common Wealth (@Cmmonwealth) April 20, 2020

Roberts agreed that the collapse of oil markets represents an opportunity to begin a shift toward renewable energy in the U.S., but said Trump is not likely to heed the warnings of groups including the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL), which wrote in a recent report, "The pandemic exposes and exacerbates fundamental weaknesses throughout the sector that both predate the current crisis and will outlast it."

"At best [policymakers] can slow down the transition to clean energy a bit. They cannot stop it," wrote Roberts. "Meanwhile, other countries will be establishing a commanding position in some of the biggest growth industries of the 21st century."

"It would be a shame to emerge from this crisis still clinging to the past rather than facing, and preparing for, the future," he added.