WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) -- The chairman of the Federal Reserve said in a rare interview televised Sunday that the U.S. recession will come to an end "probably this year," but he also warned that the nation's 8.1% unemployment rate will continue to rise.

Appearing on the CBS network's "60 Minutes," Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke told correspondent Scott Pelley that concerted efforts by the government likely averted a depression similar to the 1930s. He also said the nation's largest banks are solvent and that he doesn't expect any of them to fail.

At the same time, Bernanke expressed concern the U.S. might lack the political will to take further measures to shore up the financial system. Although he said he believes the largest banks are solvent and that "they are not going to fail," Bernanke said a full recovery won't take place until the system is stabilized.

"The lesson of history is that you do not get a sustained economic recovery as long as the financial system is in crisis," he said. Bernanke noted that banks are unable to raise cash from private investors as is normally the case because of fears about their solvency.

The 15-month recession, which began in December 2007, is set to become the longest in the post-World War II era. The downturn took a sharp turn for the worst last September after the collapse of the Wall Street brokerage Lehman Brothers.

"Lehman proved that you cannot let a large internationally active firm fail in the middle of a financial crisis," Bernanke said.

The same error was made 80 years ago when the U.S. government let thousands of banks fail, contributing to the Great Depression, said Bernanke, a former economics professor who's extensively studied the 1930s. Another big mistake the Fed made back then was to let the supply of money contract, he said.

Since the crisis exploded last fall, Bernanke has sought to avoid both mistakes. The Fed and Treasury have committed hundreds of billons to the bailouts of banks, insurers, mortgage lenders and other entities. While Bernanke said he understood the public's outrage at the cost, he said they were necessary to prevent a more severe contraction and steeper job losses.

Bernanke also pointed out the bailout aid doesn't come directly from taxpayers and is "more akin to printing money than it is borrowing." He said the Fed can adopt that approach because the economy is very weak and inflation is low.

Once the economy begins to recover, Bernanke said, the Fed will have to raise interest rates and reduce the supply of money to "make sure we have a recovery that does not involve inflation."

The Fed chairman said the recovery won't begin until early 2010 and will take time to gather steam. He reiterated his call for an overhaul of the nation's financial regulations -- the first in decades -- to prevent similar financial conflagrations.

Bernanke is the first sitting Fed chairman to conduct a television interview in 20 years.