Third, returning PhDs cannot be sure that they will get work conditions similar to what they get in the US. If the government is paying the cost of $5bn (annually), surely it will face the same political scrutiny that any other investment does. So there will be demands for reservations and quotas in these fully-paid scholarships (not unfairly, one must add), and demand for jobs based on caste back home once they return. If the government can’t absorb them, then quotas will be demanded in the private sector.