Chapter 13: Nature, the Enjoyer, and Consciousness

Bg 13.1, Bg 13.2, Bg 13.1-2

TEXTS 1-2

arjuna uvaca

prakrtim purusam caiva

ksetram ksetra-jnam eva ca

etad veditum icchami

jnanam jneyam ca kesava

sri-bhagavan uvaca

idam sariram kaunteya

ksetram ity abhidhiyate

etad yo vetti tam prahuh

ksetra-jna iti tad-vidah



SYNONYMS

arjunah uvaca —Arjuna said; prakrtim— nature; purusam— the enjoyer; ca— also; eva— certainly; ksetram— body; ksetrajnam— knower of the body; eva— certainly; ca— also; etat —all this; veditum— to understand; icchami— I wish; jnanam —knowledge; jneyam— the object of knowledge; ca— also; kesava —O Krsna; sri bhagavan uvaca— the Personality of Godhead said; idam— this; sariram— body; kaunteya —O son of Kunti; ksetram— the field; iti— thus; abhidhiyate— is called; etat— this; yah —anyone; vetti— knows; tam— him; prahuh— is called; ksetrajnah— knower of the body; iti— thus; tat-vidah— one who knows.

TRANSLATION

Arjuna said: O my dear Krsna, I wish to know about prakrti [nature], Purusa [the enjoyer], and the field and the knower of the field, and of knowledge and the end of knowledge. The Blessed Lord then said: This body, O son of Kunti, is called the field, and one who knows this body is called the knower of the field.

PURPORT

Arjuna was inquisitive about prakrti or nature, purusa, the enjoyer, ksetra, the field, ksetrajna, its knower, and of knowledge and the object of knowledge. When he inquired about all these, Krsna said that this body is called the field and that one who knows this body is called the knower of the field. This body is the field of activity for the conditioned soul. The conditioned soul is entrapped in material existence, and he attempts to lord over material nature. And so, according to his capacity to dominate material nature, he gets a field of activity. That field of activity is the body. And what is the body? The body is made of senses. The conditioned soul wants to enjoy sense gratification, and, according to his capacity to enjoy sense gratification, he is offered a body, or field of activity. Therefore the body is called ksetra, or the field of activity for the conditioned soul. Now, the person who does not identify himself with the body is called ksetrajna, the knower of the field. It is not very difficult to understand the difference between the field and its knower, the body and the knower of the body. Any person can consider that from childhood to old age he undergoes so many changes of body and yet is still one person, remaining. Thus there is a difference between the knower of the field of activities and the actual field of activities. A living conditioned soul can thus understand that he is different from the body. It is described in the beginning- dehe 'smin -that the living entity is within the body and that the body is changing from childhood to boyhood and from boyhood to youth and from youth to old age, and the person who owns the body knows that the body is changing. The owner is distinctly ksetrajna. Sometimes we understand that I am happy, I am mad, I am a woman, I am a dog, I am a cat: these are the knowers. The knower is different from the field. Although we use many articles-our clothes, etc.-we know- that we are different from the things used. Similarly, we also understand by a little contemplation that we are different from the body.