Isis militants have attempted to shoot down RAF planes with surface-to-air missiles as British jets pound the group’s positions ahead of a crucial advance on Mosul.

Jihadists have recently claimed responsibility for downing several aircraft, including a Syrian fighter jet and an American drone, but their attempts against British aircraft have so far been unsuccessful.

Lieutenant General Mark Carleton-Smith, the deputy chief of defence staff, said superior defensive equipment was being deployed by the US-led coalition in Iraq and Syria.

RAF footage of air strikes on Saddam Hussein’s former palace complex in Mosul

“We have always made the operational assumption that the Daesh [Isis] inventory might, at some juncture, include surface-to-air missiles,” he told reporters in London.

“There have been reports of engagements – several are of UK aircraft – but to no material effect as a result of the defensive aids [systems] they are carrying, and the tactics the coalition employs. They detect the missile as it is launched.”

It was the first public acknowledgement of the risk posed to pilots flying in the continuing anti-Isis air campaign, with militants believed to have being launching sporadic attacks against the RAF for the past year.

At the start of Britain’s involvement, Isis was believed to possess only shoulder-launched missiles of the type used by insurgents during the Iraq war.

But during the group’s advance across swathes of Iraq and Syria in 2014, it gained access to sophisticated weaponry in government stockpiles, and has possibly bought or been supplied with increased firepower by backers.

Scud missile launchers, Manpads, SA-6 Gainfuls and FIM-92 Stingers are among the weapons believed to have fallen into extremist hands, as well as anti-aircraft guns.

Civilian children stand next to a burnt vehicle during clashes between Iraqi security forces and Isis in Mosul, Iraq (Reuters)

Britain is currently taking part in coordinated air operations against Isis across Syria and in northern Iraq, where the Defence Secretary said government forces are “on the cusp” of the group’s last major stronghold.

Sir Michael Fallon has recently returned from a three-day visit to Iraq, where he met senior government figures in Baghdad, Irbil.

He said the operation to take the city of Mosul would begin “in the next few weeks”, with British planes so far hitting more than 100 targets in and around the city as part of a total of 1,000 strikes in Iraq and Syria.

Two years after the RAF began military operations against Isis, Sir Michael said: “The RAF is now operating at the highest tempo in a single theatre for over 25 years.

"There is no doubt Daesh is facing defeat. We are on the cusp of liberating the last major city in Iraq – Mosul.

"Having spoken to the commanders of the troops involved, their self-belief and determination is very clear.

"Though Mosul is a large and complex city, it will fall – and will fall soon. I expect the operation for its encirclement to begin in the next few weeks."

British jets prepare for air strikes in Syria Show all 10 1 /10 British jets prepare for air strikes in Syria British jets prepare for air strikes in Syria A Tornado jet takes off from RAF Lossiemouth in Scotland, as RAF Tornado jets carried out the first British bombing runs over Syria British jets prepare for air strikes in Syria Pilots and ground crew prepare combat aircraft Panavia Tornados at RAF Marham at RAF Marham, UK Getty British jets prepare for air strikes in Syria A Eurofighter Typhoon jet takes off from RAF Lossiemouth in Scotland, as RAF Tornado jets carried out the first British bombing runs over Syria British jets prepare for air strikes in Syria A RAF Tornado arrives at RAF Akrotiri to begin operations in Akrotiri British jets prepare for air strikes in Syria A Tornado jet ahead of taking off from RAF Lossiemouth in Scotland, as RAF Tornado jets carried out the first British bombing runs over Syria, the Ministry of Defence has confirmed. The air strikes were carried out within hours of a vote by MPs in the Commons to back extending operations against Isis from neighbouring Iraq British jets prepare for air strikes in Syria Personnel work on a British Tornado after it returned from a mission at RAF Akrotiri in southern Cyprus British jets prepare for air strikes in Syria Two RAF Tornado GR4's, both with remaining weapons ordnance, approach RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus, as they return to the base after carrying out some of the first British bombing runs over Syria British jets prepare for air strikes in Syria A RAF Tornado takes off from RAF Akrotiri, on the Mediterranean island nation of Cyprus British jets prepare for air strikes in Syria A Tornado jet leaving RAF Lossiemouth in Scotland British jets prepare for air strikes in Syria AKA RAF Tornado arrives at RAF Akrotiri to begin operations in Akrotiri, Cyprus. The RAF has sent two further Tornado aircraft and six Typhoons to bolster aircraft now flying sorties to both Iraq and Syria

He acknowledged that “resistance” would continue after the fall of the city, but called Isis a “failing organisation” and predicted militants would be driven out of Iraqi strongholds in a matter of months.

Sir Michael called the struggle in Syria “more complicated”, but insisted that significant progress had been made.

Air strikes on Iraq have increased in intensity, with British jets and drones flying daily missions between 14 September and Thursday.

One Typhoon strike last week hit an Isis training camp just inside Iraq on its border with Syria, killing up to 50 fighters, and later destroyed weapons stockpiles and rocket launchers north of Ramadi.

Other recent targets include the militants in Sharqat, Qayyarah and Mosul, including a cave used as a hideout by militants.

“Daesh is falling back and not making any advances, and air support has been a strong enabler of that,” an anonymous Typhoon pilot told Associated Press.

“I can't think of anything better than helping someone trying to save their country.”

Lt Gen Carleton-Smith said coalition strikes were also exerting pressure on Isis funding and infrastructure, destroying “close to a billion dollars” of the group’s illegal cash stockpile.

“We are disrupting Daesh command and control with targeted strikes that are restricting their freedom of movement and their logistic resupply,” he said.

Coalition defence ministers will meet next month to discuss how to deal with the estimated 8,000 foreign nationals fighting with Isis – including around 400 British citizens – some of whom are expected to try to return to Europe.