





Welcome to the Smart Toilet Survey!

Research Information Sheet



Description: You are invited to participate in a research study on a survey intended to gauge the user acceptance/compliance level of our currently available technologies for implementing the Smart Toilet system.



Time involvement: Your participation will take approximately 4 minutes.



Risks and benefits: No risks are associated with this study. We cannot and do not guarantee or promise that you will receive any benefits from this study.



Payments: You will receive none as payment for your participation.



Participant's rights: If you have read this form and have decided to participate in this project, please understand your participation is voluntary and you have the right to withdraw your consent or discontinue participation at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled. The alternative is not to participate. You have the right to refuse to answer particular questions. The results of this research study may be presented at scientific or professional meetings or published in scientific journals. Your individual privacy will be maintained in all published and written data resulting from the study.



Contact Information: If you have any questions, concerns or complaints about this research, its procedures, risks and benefits, contact Dr. Seung-min Park (sp293@stanford.edu) or Dr. Brian Lee (dlwns87@stanford.edu) for more information.



Independent Contact: If you are not satisfied with how this study is being conducted, or if you have any concerns, complaints, or general questions about the research or your rights as a participant, please contact the Stanford Institutional Review Board (IRB) to speak to someone independent of the research team at (650)-723-2480 (for medical studies), 650-723-2480 or email at IRB2-Manager@lists.stanford.edu (for nonmedical studies), or toll free at 1-866-680-2906. You can also write to the Stanford IRB, Stanford University, 3000 El Camino Real, Five Palo Alto Square, 4th Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94306.



Please print a copy of this page for your records.



If you agree to participate in this research, please complete the attached questionnaire/survey.





Precision Health is an emerging area of medicine proposed by Dr. Sanjiv Sam Gambhir (Chair of Radiology Department, Stanford University School of Medicine) that utilizes longitudinal monitoring over the course of a person's lifetime, with the potential to make a tremendous impact on one's overall health.



Please refer to the following links to learn more about 'Precision Health':



http://med.stanford.edu/precisionhealth.html



https://med.stanford.edu/phind.html



Precision Health seeks to make health care contact more accessible by integrating monitoring and diagnostics into everyday life.



Active participation in health care can be encouraged with continuous health-monitoring devices, providing a higher-resolution picture of human health and disease. However, the development of monitoring technologies must prioritize the collection of actionable data and long-term user engagement.



Our project looks at the Smart Toilet: a non-invasive method for long-term measurement of a user's excreta while providing an important pipeline to clinical decision making.

What is your age? * must provide value

What is your gender? * must provide value Male Female Other reset

What is your ethnicity? * must provide value Black or African American Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Hispanic or Latino White Other reset

What is your highest level of education? * must provide value No formal schooling High school graduate Bachelor's degree Master's degree Doctoral or professional degree reset

Before reading this survey, have you heard of 'Precision Health'? * must provide value Yes No reset

Do you know the difference between 'Precision health' and 'Precision medicine'? * must provide value Yes No reset

In precision medicine, the focus is on identifying which approaches will be effective for which patients based on genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

Precision health takes a big-data approach to disease prevention and detection, focusing on the various factors that help maintain health throughout life.





One in 10 American adults already engage in health monitoring with activity trackers, such as wrist-worn Fitbits and Apple Watches.



Are you currently wearing such a wearable health monitoring device? * must provide value Yes No reset

A Smart Home is equipped with lighting, heating, and electronic devices that can be controlled remotely by phone or computer (e.g. Amazon Alexa, Google Home, Apple Smart Homekit).



Are you currently using any of these Smart Home systems? * must provide value Yes No reset

The latest commercially-available and advanced toilet product, 'Intelligence Toilet 2', by a leading Japanese toilet company, Toto Ltd., enables 'soft' health data gathering such as measuring body temperature, body mass index and so forth, which costs around $3,000 to $6,000.



Would you be willing to use this product in your home? * must provide value Very Likely Likely Neutral Not Likely Never reset

In the context of 'Precision Health', our team in the Department of Radiology at Stanford University is currently developing a Smart Toilet platform that performs analyses of urine and stool using tests (urinalysis, uroflowmetry and stool form analysis) routinely performed in the clinic and utilizes a convolutional neural network for automated data analysis with a clear pipeline to the clinic.



If this platform is commercially available in the market with a target price range of a couple of hundred dollars, would you be willing to use this in your home setting? * must provide value Very Likely Likely Neutral Not Likely Never reset

Our team consists of basic scientists, engineers, urologist, radiologist, colorectal surgeons and medical doctors with various disciplines. We have figured out that the human anus is extremely person-specific just as fingerprint is. User privacy and data security will, of course, be highly protected.



Have you been aware of this feature (potential biometric identifier) of the human anus? * must provide value Yes No reset

Our team is building the Smart Toilet system to collect every human excretion's activity and send this information to a health portal where all gathered information will be assessed by artificial intelligence and ultimately by designated clinicians for early detection of disease. Since the toilet is usually shared by roomates or family members, user identification is a key for managing data integrity.



What would be your potential options to provide your identify (Multiple Choices)? * must provide value Fingerprint scan Facial recognition Retina recognition Smart phone identity syncronization Manual identity registration (such as ID & Password) Biometric vein recognition Anus scan (analprint scan) Others

Please indicate how comfortable you would feel with each of the following aspects of the Smart Toilet System:

Very Uncomfortable Somewhat Uncomfortable Neutral Somewhat Comfortable Very Comfortable

Urinalysis (A urinalysis strip will be deployed in the middle of urine stream automatically). * must provide value reset

Uroflowmetry (Your urine stream [NOT YOU!] will be captured by two cameras and its volume and velocity is calculated.) * must provide value reset

Stool Morphology Analysis (A stream of stool photos from the toilet bowl will be taken and automatically analyzed by a deep convolutional neural network [CNN]). * must provide value reset

Fingerprint ID (Fingerprint scanner is placed on the tank lever. While flushing, your biometric information will be annotated to all generated data from the above mentioned technologies.) * must provide value reset

Anus wrinkle ID (In conjunction with the fingerprint scanner or independently, Anal print, your anus will be scanned by a scanner placed underneath the toilet bowl.) * must provide value reset

Please rank how important each of the following categories is to you as an individual.

Not Important Somewhat Unimportant Neutral Somewhat Important Very Important

Personal Health Care Benefit by Continuous Monitoring * must provide value reset

Security of Clinical Data and/or User's Privacy * must provide value reset

Cost of the Smart Toilet System * must provide value reset

Access to Own Clinical Data * must provide value reset

Minimizing Human Intervention (Not Interfering with Normal Human Behavior) * must provide value reset

Would you feel comfortable with a camera in the toilet bowl that captures stool images and pictures of your anus? * must provide value Yes No reset

Would you be comfortable with a camera in the toilet bowl that ONLY captures stool images and does not take pictures of your anus? * must provide value Yes No reset

Would you be more comfortable with a "scanner" such as barcode scanner, instead of a "camera' in the toilet bowl? * must provide value Yes No reset

Overall, how comfortable would you feel in using the Smart Toilet? * must provide value Extremely Comfortable Somewhat Comfortable Neither Comfortable nor Uncomfortable Somewhat Uncomfortable Very Uncomfortable reset

What would the Smart Toilet need to include or exclude in order for you to be more likely to use the Smart Toilet? Expand

What thoughts, questions, or concerns would you have for creators of the Smart Toilet? Expand