Sitting on the asphalt at Punta Cana international airport in the Dominican Republic, the private plane was about to take off for an overnight flight to Saint-Tropez in France when police swooped.

Inside the aircraft, a Dassault Falcon 50, officers found four Frenchmen – two pilots and two passengers – along with 680kg of cocaine, with an estimated street value of €20m (£17.5m), in 26 battered suitcases.

Six years later, the trial of nine people accused of being part of a drug smuggling operation began in Aix-en-Provence, southern France, on Monday. Among the accused were two former French military pilots, a customs officer and a celebrity bodyguard.

All of the accused deny involvement in drug smuggling in a case that has come to be known as the “Air Cocaine” affair.

Facebook Twitter Pinterest Dominican drug squad officers guard hundreds of kilograms of cocaine seized in March 2013. Photograph: Erika Santelices/AFP/Getty Images

Suspicion was first raised in 2012 when French gendarmes received an anonymous tip suggesting the Falcon 50 had made two transatlantic trips suspected to be trial runs for a smuggling operation.

When Dominican police halted a flight in March 2013, the two pilots, Pascal Fauret, 58, and Bruno Odos, 59, as well as the two passengers, Alain Castany, 71, a former pilot and described as the “owner” of the suitcases, and Nicolas Pisapia, the “bag carrier”, were arrested. But the drama did not end there.

After a Dominican court sentenced the four men to 20 years in prison in August 2015, they were released and given leave to appeal while placed under house arrest.

Shortly afterwards, Fauret and Odos escaped with the help of friends in what they called “Operation Dîner en Ville” (dinner in town), making their getaway by speedboat then yacht to the French-Dutch island of Saint Martin and on to Fort-de-France, the capital of the French island Martinique. They arrived back in mainland France in the autumn of 2015, where they were arrested.

Facebook Twitter Pinterest French pilot Pascal Fauret arrives at court in Aix-en-Provence. Photograph: Gérard Julien/AFP/Getty Images

Also in the dock are Franck Colin, a former celebrity bodyguard turned businessman based in Romania, and his friend Henri Bartolo. Ali Bouchareb, from Lyon, accused of masterminding the flight, appears alongside his associate Michel Ristic and two former executives of the defunct private jet company SN-THS, Fabrice Alcaud and Pierre-Marc Dreyfus. The final defendant is Saint-Tropez customs officer François-Xavier Manchet.

Castany, who was transferred to France where he was released because of ill-health, and Pisapia, who remains in the Dominican Republic where he is on parole, will not be in court.

The evidence runs to more than 62,000 documents and more than 100 witnesses are expected to be called during the seven-week trial.