“The United States will not tolerate attacks against our people, our interests, or our allies,” Defense Secretary Mark T. Esper said in the statement. “As we have demonstrated in recent months, we will take any action necessary to protect our forces in Iraq and the region.”

AD

The aerial bombardment took place around 1:30 a.m., according to the Iraqi military. It was unclear whether any militia members were killed.

AD

In response to a request for a White House statement, a senior administration official said that President Trump had directed U.S. forces to conduct strikes on five Kataib Hezbollah weapons storage facilities "to significantly degrade the group’s ability to carry out future attacks.”

“The President has been clear that we will not stand for the Iranian regime attacking Americans in Iraq or elsewhere, whether directly or through proxies,” the official said in an email.

Another Iran-backed militia, Harakat al-Nujaba, accused the United States of hitting militia and Iraqi army headquarters, as well as a civilian airport. In a statement early Friday, it said that further strikes could prompt retaliation involving an “eye for an eye.”

AD

The group did not elaborate on what that might be, and it was not immediately possible to confirm the U.S. statements that the strikes had only targeted militia facilities, or the militia claim that a civilian-related location had been struck.

AD

U.S. defense officials said Iranian-backed militia groups carried out the attack Wednesday on Camp Taji, an Iraqi base north of Baghdad that Iraqi and coalition forces share.

Army Gen. Mark A. Milley, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told reporters at the Pentagon on Thursday morning that defense officials had “pretty good confidence” who launched the rockets, citing the capture of a truck by Iraqi security forces on the northern outskirts of Baghdad they said was used in the attack. Iraqi officials released photos of the truck, a flatbed with launchers rigged to it in makeshift fashion.

AD

“You don’t get to shoot at our bases and kill and wound Americans and get away with it,” Esper told reporters.

Milley said that about 30 rockets were fired at Taji. Twelve to 18 rockets landed on the base, wounding 14 people, including five seriously, and causing some structural damage, the general said. The wounded included U.S., British and Polish service members, as well as contractors, he said.

AD

The Pentagon was withholding the names of the Americans killed until families were notified.

The British Ministry of Defense identified its service member killed as Lance Cpl. Brodie Gillon, 26. She was a reservist and combat medical technician with the Scottish and North Irish Yeomanry and deployed with the Irish Guards Battle Group, the ministry said.

AD

The rocket attack and U.S. retaliation mark the latest rounds in a proxy war with Iran that stretches back years and escalated amid the Trump administration’s “maximum pressure” campaign, in which crippling sanctions have been placed on Iran in an attempt to get it to negotiate a new nuclear agreement. Trump withdrew the United States from an Obama-era pact that had lifted U.S. and international sanctions on Iran in exchange for limits on its nuclear program.

On Dec. 27, a similar rocket attack on a base outside the city of Kirkuk killed a U.S. interpreter, Nawres Hamid. Two days later, U.S. forces launched airstrikes on five sites in Iraq and Syria affiliated with Kataib Hezbollah, which U.S. officials have said receives support from Iran’s Quds Force.

AD

Militia members and supporters responded by storming entrances to the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad on Dec. 31, chanting “Death to America” and setting fires. They eventually withdrew.

AD

On Jan. 3, the United States launched a drone strike near the Baghdad International Airport that killed Qasem Soleimani, who led the elite Quds Force.

That spawned concerns that Iran might retaliate with a larger attack in the region. On Jan. 8, Iran launched ballistic missiles at two military bases in Iraq. No U.S. or Iraqi troops were killed, but the Pentagon reported that more than 100 service members suffered concussive injuries.

Rockets have been fired at bases in Iraq since then, but no Americans had been killed.

Congress was also largely silent. The December exchanges — followed by the killing of Soleimani and Iranian retaliation — provoked bipartisan criticism that led this week to passage of a measure to limit the president’s authority to launch military operations against Iran. Trump has threatened to veto the bill.