PARIS — The French police on Tuesday arrested a man believed to have attacked and wounded three soldiers who were guarding a Jewish community center in the southern city of Nice, prosecutors said, heightening anxieties just weeks after terrorist attacks in Paris shook the country.

The soldiers were patrolling in the city center, near a Jewish community center housing a Jewish radio station, when a knife-wielding attacker “rushed at the throat of one of the soldiers,” Christian Estrosi, the mayor of Nice, said in a telephone interview. The soldier escaped with minor injuries to his face, he said. The same attacker, Mr. Estrosi added, cut the arm of another soldier. News reports said the attacker was arrested after trying to flee on foot.

The attack coincided with the emergence of a video by the Islamic State militant group inciting French jihadists to carry out further terrorist acts. The video, which showed masked militants in a desert landscape, also urged sympathizers in France who cannot leave the country to take whatever action they can.

“Explode France,” a masked man said in the footage. “Explode the head of these guilty people.”

President François Hollande issued a statement condemning the Nice attack “with the greatest firmness.”