The surveillance bill has had a rough passage so far. Today the spooks were under pressure from left and right. Libertarians, nerds and the big computer firms were up in arms. The sceptred isle was up against the Spectred isle. So MI6 sent for Bond.

The past week has seen the most bizarre spinning. The BBC and the Times suddenly “managed to secure” exclusive stories about the wonderful world of secret intelligence, shamelessly pegged to the premiere of the film. The Times offered a gushing prospectus of work inside GCHQ. The BBC’s Frank Gardner sat, obsequious, in a darkened room and asked faceless voices what it was like being “the real James Bond”. It was like a spoof promotion video for the Stasi.

Secret security can only build its legitimacy on trust. Britons have granted their security establishment that trust for the past half century, despite it being sometimes betrayed in return. Burgess and Maclean, Philby and Spycatcher, Iraq and Snowden revealed a secret service unable to police or account for its errors. When under pressure, it merely pressed the “feel very afraid” button and scared public and politicians to do its will.

Today’s bill seeks to “widen the access of police and security services” to personal electronic data. The intention is odd since, as Snowden revealed, they have enjoyed such access for years. Any reasonable person can agree that intruding on digital communication is needed in modern security. The issue, which the security lobby never addresses, is where should be the boundaries of such intrusion and who should “monitor the monitors”.

Individuals in a free society have a right to assume their privacy means something, and that government and the law will protect them against “unwarranted surveillance” by third parties, including the state. Confidentiality in human relations is integral to personal freedom.

The job of ministers is to guard that integrity against the always incremental demands of the police and security services. One reason is that in the past those services have simply disregarded oversight, whether in letter or in spirit. Ministers have become lobbyists for this disregard. I am not aware of any recent minister standing up to the bullying of Big Security, as ministers (such as William Whitelaw) certainly did in the past.

A great weight of responsibility is being placed on the judiciary, which the small print suggests it is unlikely to bear

The bill proposes some new “safeguards” for digital surveillance that goes beyond anything elsewhere in Europe or America. The police will not have a “blanket right” to spy on emails and social media. Did they ever? There are vague punishments for public officials who abuse their power to intrude. Are there none now? There will be judges, not just ministers, to oversee warrants or classes of warrants.

Despite the fearmongers, Britain faces no threat to its territory or political stability, nothing that remotely justifies the massive intrusion into privacy originally sought by GCHQ and the police. Today’s threat is from fanatics and criminals who want to shoot people and explode bombs – extremely dangerous but not a state threat. The question is, does this require Britons to have their every phone call, email and browser record stored, scanned, registered and, inevitably, shared with spies, the police and – whatever anyone says – a wide range of public officials?

Nor is the intrusion itself the whole issue, though President Obama’s intelligence review commission said such “bulk harvesting” yielded no noticeable increase in public safety. The issue is whether licensed hacking by the state – requiring the penetration of server encryption – does not make the state itself less secure.

Not a week passes without news of some supposedly secure data store breaking down. NHS patient data leaked, police crime data leaked, TalkTalk, British Gas and Marks & Spencer customer details all leaked. Adultery agencies are hacked. Communications between lawyers and clients are hacked. In 2009, defence ministry vetting details of RAF officers were leaked. The police have reportedly hacked into journalists’ sources 600 times. If the government can hack citizens’ records, citizens can hack them too, and hack what is hacked. E-government is not security but anarchy.

Facebook Twitter Pinterest Four of the ‘Cambridge five’: clockwise from top left, Anthony Blunt, Donald Duart Maclean, Kim Philby and Guy Burgess. Photograph: Keystone/Getty

The real damage revealed by WikiLeaks and Snowden lay not so much in their content as in the fact that it could so easily be revealed by disloyal staff. When thousands of people become privy to other people’s secrets, those secrets become assets. In Snowden’s case it was moral outrage, not treachery or profit, which led him to blow his whistle. The two million people privy to the WikiLeaks material might not all be so high-minded.

The only secure conclusion is that nothing digital is secure, certainly nothing in the realm of government. That is why any state override of encryption could ultimately prove as dangerous to the state as to individual liberty. Do we really want the police, not just spies, to amass information on every citizen’s browser record? The fell cry of the dictator, that “the innocent have nothing to fear”, is already being heard by government apologists. It has no place in a liberal democracy.

Surveillance there must be, but its implications are so dangerous that it should be subject to the panoply of oversight. There is clearly a case for giving the new regime a trial, but it must be in the fullest glare of publicity. This is a regime that has so far failed the test of trust. A great weight of responsibility is being placed by the home secretary, Theresa May, on the judiciary, which the small print of the bill suggests it is unlikely to bear. Anyone who has dealt with past judicial oversight of the security services will doubt whether British judges will bring the spies under the lash of liberty. In recent judgments, such as on DNA data retention, the judges have sided with the state against the citizen. Judges, like ministers, are dazzled by the James Bond trope.

This is not just an updating of surveillance but a major peacetime extension of state power over individuals. The bulk harvesting of data and the compulsory breaching of corporate encryption should require some great national emergency, and the most stern oversight. Neither applies today. In addition, what is proposed is likely to prove as much a threat to state security as to personal liberty. When the state turns hacker, everyone does.

This is a draft bill. Battle royal should be joined over its amendment.