“We have been trying to focus this Congress on getting back to a more optimistic view of what the economy can do,” said Representative Eric Cantor of Virginia, the House majority leader. “It is about jobs. It is about growth. Our focus is about wanting people to get a job. It’s on employment, not unemployment.”

For Democrats, even a short-term victory on extending unemployment benefits is looking like a long-shot. The six Republicans who voted Tuesday to bring an unemployment bill to the Senate floor ended the week furious that Senator Harry Reid of Nevada, the majority leader, had shut them out of any negotiations to reshape the bill. A loss of two of them on Monday would leave Democrats without the supermajority needed to keep the bill alive, dashing Mr. Reid’s hopes to extend the expired benefits through mid-November.

Senator Dan Coats of Indiana, one of those six, said the group continued to negotiate together and with Democrats to see if some changes could be made to the unemployment bill to keep them on board. Senator Susan Collins, Republican of Maine, spent much of Friday on the phone with Mr. Reid, hoping for a breakthrough on Monday. But the senators are smarting over what they see as rough treatment at the hands of the leader.

“I don’t think we should let that be the deciding factor; you don’t want to subject good policy to hurt feelings,” Senator Coats said Friday. “On the other hand if the leader has told you, this is not a one-off — he pretty much said, ‘Forget about offering amendments on anything as long as I’m leader’ — what good does it do to negotiate anything?”

Even if the measure does clear the Senate, House Republicans say they simply do not feel much pressure to take it up. Mr. Coats said the job numbers weren’t great, but continued job growth, even sluggish growth, dissipates the pressure to act.

Republicans argue that the jobs report underscores that Mr. Obama’s economic policies have failed, and that Congress should focus on spurring businesses to hire, in part by reducing regulatory requirements and cutting taxes. The price for House action would be steep, Republicans say, citing as options approval of the Keystone XL oil pipeline and repeal of a tax on medical devices, which helps pay for the health care law.