We thank B. Schellbach and A. Weihmann for DNA sequencing; G. Renaud and U. Stenzel for data processing; F. Brock for the computed tomography scans; R. Barr, P. Korlević and C. Zickert for graphics; and M. Slatkin and L. Vigilant for comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by the Max Planck Society; the Max Planck Foundation (grant 31-12LMP Pääbo to S.Pä.); the European Research Council (grant agreements 694707 to S.Pä., 324139 (PalaeoChron) to T.H. and 715069 (FINDER) to K.D.); and the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 14-50-00036 to M.B.K., M.V.S. and A.P.D.).

Reviewer information

Nature thanks D. Lambert, R. Nielsen and C. Stringer for their contribution to the peer review of this work.