“We believe that law enforcement agencies should not be allowed to bank data collected via surveillance technology without an individualized need. Warrantless surveillance of law-abiding residents and limitless collection of our personal data have no place in Virginia,” Gastañaga said.

Marshall decided to take on federal surveillance after James Clapper, the director of national intelligence who oversees the nation’s 16 intelligence agencies, in March told a U.S. Senate committee that the NSA was not intercepting data on millions of Americans.

But after bombshell revelations from whistleblower Edward Snowden last summer, Clapper apologized to the panel, citing a momentary memory failure. Republicans on Capitol Hill since have called on Attorney General Eric Holder to open an investigation into the leader of the national intelligence community.

“He chose to lie,” Marshall said, adding that he does not believe Congress will take action against Clapper, the NSA or any federal agency spying on U.S. citizens.