DAMASCUS, Syria—Palestinian factions in Syria called Tuesday for a cease-fire after fighting flared at a refugee camp in the capital, Damascus, highlighting a split among Palestinians as the civil war intensifies.

The Yarmouk camp has been the scene of heavy clashes in the past, but the battles subsided last month after Syrian rebels fighting to topple Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, battled loyalists there to a standstill.

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