(CNN) — Baggage fees, late check-out fees, extra legroom. Everywhere you look, ancillary fees from airlines to hotels are nibbling into travel budgets.

The days are gone when buying a flight or a hotel stay meant you'd purchased the full experience.

Having been lured in by that attractive basic fare, you can be stung for everything from inflight headset rental to a $6 bottle of water in your suite.

So how does the savvy traveler combat hidden charges and get value for money?

It's time to take charge, says consumer behavior expert Jen Drexler. "You can no longer just show up at the airport, get on whatever seat was chosen for you, show up at any hotel that was chosen for you.

"You still have to be a really aggressive consumer."

Ancillary airline fees

By one estimate , global airlines raked in more than $59 billion in fees in 2015.

And while the trend for ancillary fees began with low-cost carriers, full-service airlines have followed suit.

"I think one of the worst ones is the change fees," says George Hobica, president of airfarewatchdog.com . In North America, "it used to cost nothing to change a ticket or a schedule. Now it's $200.

"It doesn't cost the airline $200 to change the ticket. You actually do it yourself."

This push to cash in at every opportunity has led to carriers devising more categories of seats, allowing for more a la carte fees.

Adds Hobica, "Now what we're seeing is about five different strata of cabins," from first-class downwards. If you buy one of the super-cheap fares, "you're going to be in the last row by the bathroom."

Loyalty programs

Frequent travelers have long relied on loyalty programs to bring in sweet perks, from free upgrades to checked bags.

"You think if you get to this next level of status you're going to be treated better," says Brian Whitney, senior vice president of sales at Allure Global and a regular business traveler.

But elite status doesn't buy what it used to. Explains Hobica, "It used to be that the number one reason to be loyal to a particular airline was the free upgrade." With airlines selling more of these seats -- and some airlines routinely overselling -- "it's almost impossible now to get an upgrade."

Ancillary hotel fees

Hyatt is relaunching its loyalty program in 2017. Hyatt

And while airlines might be the biggest culprits, the hotel industry has also been upping their game.

It's an approach that's been paying off -- global hotel industry revenue was predicted to reach $550 billion in 2016.

From valet parking to the mini bar, service fees in hotels can add up. CNN's Richard Quest examines how business travellers can avoid hidden hotel costs.

Ancillary fees can include everything from charging for bottled water, to exorbitant connection fees for the hotel room phone, to the North American "resort fee" -- an additional mandatory charge that supposedly covers the upkeep of hotel facilities and can be as much as $25 or $30.

A couple of US-based chains have been changing their approach.

Hyatt is completely relaunching its loyalty program this year, calling it World of Hyatt, and repositioning itself to earn the allegiance of more elite travelers.

At the bottom end of the scale, benefits will include a free bottle of water per night (from March 1) -- a minimal perk that can set few hearts racing -- up to suite upgrades, bigger rooms, preferred rooms and more opportunities to earn free nights.

Virgin Hotels, part of the Virgin Group, has been taking a different, and potentially disruptive, tack.

Says Virgin Hotels CEO Raul Leal, "Our minibars are street pricing. You could go to a local grocery store and have the same pricing.

"We found it really interesting that sometimes when you get your bill, you have additional charges for WiFi, surcharges for a room service delivery, minibar restocking charges. Those charges generally don't mean a lot to a hotel's bottom line."

Virgin's approach has been paying off. Its Chicago location was recently voted Conde Nast's Readers' Choice for best hotel.

Adds Leal, "I think that in general, we shouldn't feel that we've got you."

Tips on beating the charges

Once checked bags exceed a set weight, Ryanair charges by the kilo. JOSEP LAGO/AFP/Getty Images

The most important thing is to be vigilant.

CNN's Richard Quest takes a look at how to avoid fees and fares on the move, from free WiFi apps to cutting down on the souvenirs.

Never make assumptions that something is complimentary, read the fine print of each airline or hotel before you travel, and be careful what boxes you tick when booking online.

And don't be afraid to haggle. Says Whitney, "You can attempt to negotiate just about anything. I've negotiated the hotel 6.00 p.m. cancellation without a fee. I've negotiated the resort fee. It really depends on what you're willing to go do and what's the level of effort."

Other fee-busting tips include downloading an app to find free WiFi hotspots nearby (as well as work-friendly coffee shops and book stores) and to avoid airport surcharges on car rentals, you can ride-share into town and rent the car there.

Some hotel gyms offer free water, so you don't need to crack into that mini bar.

As for airlines -- and you probably know this by now -- check the luggage restrictions, then pack light or don't check a bag at all.

Predicting the next trends

Airline expert Hobica thinks parents might eventually have to pay for a seat for very young children, even if they spend the trip in an adult's lap. It "wouldn't be a hidden fee but definitely a very expensive fee."

He also predicts more airlines following the lead of low-cost carriers Ryanair and Easyjet by charging for the use of a credit card.

"Think about it, the airlines have to pay 2% or 3% or 4% to the credit card company when you use a credit card."

Jen Drexler thinks that hotels will start to charge for selecting the room of your choice: "I think you're going to be able to pay to decide do you want to be on a floor near a fire exit, do you want to be far away from the ice machine."

And now that many hotel chains have apps that allow you in to check in and out without seeing a human, this will become the default offering.