The Principal Errors of Vatican II

This document exposes the heresies (and other errors) found in following documents of Vatican II (or at least those statements which can be given a heretical interpretation):

Unitatis Reintegratio - the Decree on Ecumenism Orientalium ecclesiarum - the Decree on Eastern Catholic Churches Lumen Gentium - Constitution on the Church Dignitatis Humanae - Declaration on Religious Liberty Ad Gentes - Decree on Missionary Activity Nostra Aetate - Decree on Non-Christian Religions Sacrosanctum Concilum - Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Gaudium et Spes - Constitution on the Church in the Modern World

This document exposes the principal heresies of Vatican II in their complete contexts, which leaves those who would presume to defend Vatican II with no excuse. Many of the heresies exposed in this document have not, to our knowledge, been exposed in any other piece written on Vatican II. Most of this document corresponds to what is contained in our new video Vatican II: Council of Apostasy which we recommend everyone to get. However, a few of the heresies contained in this script are not contained in the video and vice versa.

Heresies by Document

1. Unitatis Redintegratio - the Decree on Ecumenism.

Unitatis Redintegratio # 1:

"Yet almost all, though in different ways, long for the one visible Church of God , that truly universal Church whose mission is to convert the whole world to the gospel, so that the world may be saved, to the glory of God."[1]

At the very beginning of its decree on ecumenism, Vatican II teaches that almost everyone longs for a truly universal Church whose mission is to convert the world to the Gospel. What is the truly universal Church whose mission is to convert the world to the Gospel? It is the Roman Catholic Church, of course, which alone is the one true Church of Christ . So what is Vatican II talking about then? Why is Vatican II teaching that almost everyone longs for one the truly universal Church of Christ when we already have it? What Vatican II is teaching at the very beginning of its decree on ecumenism is that people must long for the true Catholic Church because it does not yet exist! It is teaching that the true Church of Christ - the universal Catholic Church - does not yet exist! For those who doubt that Vatican II was here denying that the Catholic Church exists we will quote pope John Paul II's own interpretation of this passage.

pope John Paul II, Homily, Dec. 5, 1996, speaking of prayer with non-Catholics:"When we pray together, we do so with the longing 'that there may be one visible Church of God, a Church truly universal and sent forth to the whole world that the world may be converted to the Gospel and so be saved, to the glory of God' (Unitatis Redintegratio, 1.)."[2]

Here we see that John Paul II himself confirms that the longing for the one, visible Church of Christ is a longing on both sides - Catholic and non-Catholic, which means that Vatican II in its decree on ecumenism (which John Paul II is quoting from) was indeed longing for the one universal Church of Christ . Vatican II was therefore denying that the Catholic Church is the one universal Church of Christ .

Unitatis redintegratio (# 4):

"Nevertheless, the divisions among Christians prevent the Church from realizing in practice the fullness of Catholicity proper to her , in those of her sons and daughters who, though attached to her by baptism, are yet separated from full communion with her. Furthermore, the Church herself finds it more difficult to express in actual life her full Catholicity in all its bearings."[3]

Here, in #4 of the same decree on ecumenism, Vatican II denies that the Church of Christ is fully Catholic! This is so heretical that if you believe this you cannot even say the Apostles' Creed: "I believe in... the holy Catholic Church." You would have to say, "I believe in the not fully Catholic Church." But why would Vatican II assert such a ridiculous heresy? The reason for this ridiculous statement in Vatican II is that Vatican II rejects that the Roman Catholic Church is the universal Church of Christ .

"Cardinal" Joseph Ratzinger, On Vatican II's teaching on the Church: "Thus the Council Fathers meant to say that the being of the Church as such is a broader entity than the Roman Catholic Church ..."[4]

Therefore, if Vatican II's decree on ecumenism denies that the Roman Catholic Church is the universal Church of Christ (which it does) by longing for such a Church to exist, it follows logically that Vatican II would also teach that"the Church" (i.e., the universal Catholic Church) is not able to fully realize its "Catholicity/Universality", due to "divisions among Christians." In other words, according to the clear teaching of Vatican II, divisions among the countless Protestant sects, Eastern Schismatic sects and the Roman Catholic Church prevent the universal Church (of which we are all members according to Vatican II) from realizing fully its Catholicity (universality).

All of this is definite confirmation that Vatican II taught that heretical and schismatic sects make up the Church of Christ ! Vatican II's words about the universality of the Church of Christ being impaired by divisions among these sects would not make sense unless it held that these sects make up part of the Church of Christ . With that explained, we will quote Pope Clement VI and Pope Leo XIII to condemn this awful heresy of Vatican II.

Pope Clement VI, Super quibusdam, Sept. 20, 1351 :

"We ask: In the first place, whether you and the Church of the Armenians which is obedient to you, believe that all those who in baptism have received the same Catholic faith, and afterwards have withdrawn and will withdraw in the future from the communion of THIS SAME ROMAN CHURCH, WHICH ONE ALONE IS CATHOLIC, are schismatic and heretical, if they remain obstinately separated from the faith of this Roman Church."[5]

Pope Leo XIII, Satis Cognitum (# 9), June 29, 1896 :

"The practice of the Church has always been the same, as is shown by the unanimous teaching of the Fathers, who were wont to hold as outside Catholic communion, AND ALIEN TO THE CHURCH, WHOEVER WOULD RECEDE IN THE LEAST DEGREE FROM ANY POINT OF DOCTRINE PROPOSED BY HER AUTHORITATIVE MAGISTERIUM."[6]

Moving along, we come to # 3 of Vatican II's decree on ecumenism.

Unitatis redintegratio # 3:

"Moreover some, and even most, of the significant elements and endowments which together go to build up and give life to the Church itself, can exist outside the visible boundaries of the Catholic Church : the written word of God; the life of grace ; faith, hope and charity, with the other interior gifts of the Holy Spirit, and visible elements too."[7]

Here we discover more blatant heresy in # 3 of the Decree of ecumenism. It bluntly asserts that the life of grace exists outside the visible boundaries of the Catholic Church. This is directly contrary to the solemn teaching of Pope Boniface VIII in the ex cathedra Bull Unam Sanctam.

Pope Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, Nov. 18, 1302 :

"With Faith urging us we are forced to believe and to hold the one, holy, Catholic Church and that, apostolic, and we firmly believe and simply confess this Church outside of which there is no salvation nor remission of sin , the Spouse in the Canticle proclaiming: 'One is my dove, my perfect one."[8]

Vatican II has rejected the dogma that there is no remission of sin outside the Catholic Church, by asserting that one can possess the life of grace (which includes the remission of sins) outside the Catholic Church. And there is even more in the same section of the decree on ecumenism.

Unitatis redintegratio (# 3):

"It follows that these separated churches and communities as such, though we believe them to be deficient in some respects, have by no means been deprived of significance and importance in the mystery of salvation. For the Spirit of Christ has not refrained from using them as means of salvation whose efficacy comes from that fullness of grace and truth which has been entrusted to the Catholic Church."[9]

This is one of Vatican II's worst heresies. It is a total rejection of the dogma outside the Catholic Church there is no salvation.

Pope Leo XIII, Satis Cognitum (# 9), June 29, 1896 : "The Church alone offers to the human race that religion - that state of absolute perfection - which He wished, as it were, to be incorporated in it. And it alone supplies those means of salvation which accord with the ordinary counsels of Providence ."[10]

Pope Pius X, Editae saepe (# 29), May 26, 1910 : "The Church alone possesses together with her magisterium the power of governing and sanctifying human society. Through her ministers and servants (each in his own station and office), she confers on mankind suitable and necessary means of salvation."[11]

Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence, "Cantate Domino," 1441, ex cathedra:

"The Holy Roman Church firmly believes, professes and preaches that all those who are outside the Catholic Church, not only pagans but also Jews or heretics and schismatics, cannot share in eternal life and will go into the everlasting fire which was prepared for the devil and his angels, unless they are joined to the Church before the end of their lives ..."[12]

Vatican II also teaches in its decree on ecumenism that non-Catholics bear witness to Christ by shedding their blood.

Unitatis redintegratio # 4:

"On the other hand, Catholics must gladly acknowledge and esteem the truly Christian endowments which derive from our common heritage and which are to be found among our separated brothers and sisters . It is right and salutary to recognize the riches of Christ and the virtuous deeds in the lives of others who bear witness to Christ, even at times to the shedding of their blood ."[13]

This paragraph clearly means that there are saints and martyrs for Christ in non-Catholic Churches, a heresy of Vatican II that pope John Paul II has repeated and expanded upon countless times.

pope John Paul II, Ut Unum Sint (# 1), May 25, 1995 :

"The courageous witness of so many martyrs of our century, including members of Churches and Ecclesial Communities not in full communion with the Catholic Church, gives new vigor to the Council's call and reminds us of our duty to listen to and put into practice its exhortation."[14]

pope John Paul II, Ut Unum Sint (# 84), May 25, 1995 :

"Albeit in an invisible way, the communion between our Communities, even if still incomplete, is truly and solidly grounded in the full communion of the saints - those who, at end of a life faithful to grace, are in communion with Christ in glory. These saints come from all the Churches and Ecclesial Communities which gave them entrance into the communion of salvation."[15]

The Catholic Church teaches dogmatically that outside the Church there are no Christian martyrs.

Pope Pelagius II, epistle (2) Dilectionis vestrae, 585:

"Those who were not willing to be at agreement in the Church of God, cannot remain with God; although given over to flames and fires, they burn, or thrown to wild beasts, they lay down their lives, there will not be for them that crown of faith, but the punishment of faithlessness, not a glorious result (of religious virtue), but the ruin of despair. Such a one can be slain, he cannot be crowned."[16]

Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence , Cantate Domino, Session 11, Feb. 4, 1442 :

"... no one, whatever almsgiving he has practiced, even if he has shed blood for the name of Christ, can be saved, unless he has remained within the bosom and unity of the Catholic Church."[17]

Vatican II also teaches in its decree on ecumenism that Eastern heretics and schismatics help the Church to grow.

Unitatis redintegratio (#'s 13-15):

"We now turn our attention to the two chief types of division as they affect the seamless robe of Christ. The first division occurred in the east , when the dogmatic formulas of the councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon were challenged, and later when ecclesiastical communion between the eastern patriarchates and the Roman See was dissolved... Everyone knows with what great love the Christians of the east celebrate the sacred liturgy... Hence, through the celebration of the Holy Eucharist in each of these Churches, the Church of God is built up and grows , and through concelebration their communion with one another is made manifest."[18]

The Catholic Church teaches that heretics are the gates of Hell.

Pope Vigilius, Second Council of Constantinople , 553:

"These matters having been treated with thorough-going exactness, we bear in mind what was promised about the holy Church and Him who said the gates of hell will not prevail against it (by these we understand the death-dealing tongues of heretics)... and so we count along with the devil, the father of lies, the uncontrolled tongues of heretics and their heretical writings, together with the heretics themselves who have persisted in their heresy even to death."[19]

Pope St. Leo IX, In terra pax hominibus, Sept. 2, 1053, to the "Father" of the Eastern Orthodox, Michael Cerularius, Chap. 7:"The holy Church built upon a rock, that is Christ, and upon Peter or Cephas, the son of John who first was called Simon, because by the gates of Hell, that is, by the disputations of heretics which lead the vain to destruction, it would never be overcome."[20]

Another heresy which holds a prominent place in Vatican II's decree on ecumenism is the constant expression of respect for non-Catholic religions.

Unitatis redintegratio # 3:

"But is subsequent centuries much more extensive dissensions made their appearance and large communities came to be separated from the full communion of the Catholic Church - for which, often enough, both sides were to blame. Those who are now born into these communities and who are brought up in the faith of Christ cannot be accused of the sin involved in the separation, and the Catholic Church looks upon them as sisters and brothers, with respect and love."[21]

The Catholic Church does not look upon members of non-Catholic religions with respect. The Church does not respect the workings of the devil. Rather, the Catholic Church anathematizes all heresies and calls all non-Catholics in charity to convert to the true faith.

Pope St. Damasus I, First Council of Constantinople , 381, Can. 1:

" Every heresy is to be anathematized and in particular that of the Eunomians or Anomoeans, that of the Arians or Eudoxians, that of the Semi-Arians or Pneumatomachi, that of the Sabellians that of the Marcellians, that of the Photinians and that of the Apollinarians."[22]

Pope Innocent III, Fourth Lateran Council, 1215, Constitution 3, On Heretics:

"We excommunicate and anathematize every heresy raising itself up against this holy, orthodox and Catholic faith which we have expounded above. We condemn all heretics, whatever names they may go under. They have different faces indeed but their tails are tied together in as much as they are alike in their pride."[23]

Pope Pelagius II, epistle (1) Quod ad dilectionem, 585:

"If anyone, however, either suggests or believes or presumes to teach contrary to this faith, let him know that he is condemned and also anathematized according to the opinion of the same Fathers."[24]

Vatican II's decree on ecumenism also implicitly denies the dogma that Popes possess supreme power in the universal Church by divine right. It teaches that in the past the Popes have acted by common consent as moderators.

Unitatis redintegratio # 14:

"For many centuries the Churches of the east and the west followed their separate ways though linked in a union of faith and sacramental life; the Roman See by common consent acted as guide when disagreements arose between them over matters of faith and discipline."[25]

These words clearly imply that the Popes did not hold supreme authority over all the churches in the East with whom they were united in faith. It implies that the Holy See merely acted as a moderator when agreed upon by common consent, not by divine institution. And this heretical and schismatical idea, that a Pope's jurisdiction comes from the consent of the Faithful, is condemned by the Magisterium. In fact, notice how the words of Pope Pius XI, in condemning this very heresy, apply exactly to the above paragraph in Vatican II's decree on ecumenism.

Pope Pius XI, Mortalium Animos (# 7), Jan. 6, 1928 , speaking of heretics:

"Among them there indeed are some, though few, who grant to the Roman Pontiff a primacy of honor or even a certain jurisdiction or power, but this, however, they consider not to arise from the divine law but from the consent of the faithful ."[26]

Vatican II's decree on ecumenism also teaches that in theological matters we must treat with non-Catholics on an equal footing.

Unitatis redintegratio # 9:

"We must get to know the outlook of our separated fellow Christians... Most valuable for this purpose are meetings of the two sides - especially for discussion of theological problems - where each side can treat with the other on an equal footing , provided that those who take part in them under the guidance of their authorities are truly competent."[27]

This heretical paragraph is a clear assertion that Vatican II does not hold that the Catholic Church's teachings are true and that heretical teachings are false. Vatican II holds, rather, that both the Catholic teaching and the non-Catholic heresies are true - otherwise it would never recommend that they be "treated" on an equal footing. In fact, notice in the following quotation how specifically the wording of Vatican II is condemned by Pope Pius XI! Vatican II recommends that we "treat" with heretics on an equal footing while Pope Pius XI describes the heretics as willing to "treat" with the Church of Rome, but only as "equals with an equal"! When one reads the incredible specificity with which Vatican II contradicted the past teaching of the Magisterium, one can only ask: was Satan himself writing the documents of Vatican II?

Pope Pius XI, Mortalium Animos (# 7), Jan. 6, 1928 , speaking of heretics:

"Meanwhile they affirm that they would willingly treat with the Church of Rome, but on equal terms, that is as equals with an equal . .."[28]

There are a number of other heresies in Vatican II's decree on ecumenism, but we feel that the above heresies are sufficient to prove our point and that we should move on to the next document.

2. Orientalium ecclesiarum - Decree on Eastern Catholic Churrches

The Vatican II decree Orientalium ecclesiarum deals with eastern Catholic churches. It also deals with the Eastern Schismatic sects, the so-called "Orthodox" non-Catholic churches. In dealing with the so-called Orthodox in # 27 of this decree, Vatican II provides us with one of its most significant heresies.

Orientalium Ecclesiarum # 27:

"Given the above-mentioned principles, the sacraments of Penance, Holy Eucharist, and the anointing of sick may be conferred on eastern Christians who in good faith are separated from the Catholic Church , if they make the request of their own accord and are properly disposed."[29]

For 20 centuries the Catholic Church has consistently taught that heretics cannot receive the sacraments of Penance, Holy Eucharist and Extreme Unction. This teaching is founded on the dogma that outside the Catholic Church there is no remission of sins, defined by Pope Boniface VIII.

Pope Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, Nov. 18, 1302 :

"With Faith urging us we are forced to believe and to hold the one, holy, Catholic Church and that, apostolic, and we firmly believe and simply confess this Church outside of which there is no salvation nor remission of sin, the Spouse in the Canticle proclaiming: 'One is my dove, my perfect one."[30]

Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence, "Cantate Domino," 1441, ex cathedra:"The Holy Roman Church firmly believes, professes and preaches that all those who are outside the Catholic Church, not only pagans but also Jews or heretics and schismatics, cannot share in eternal life and will go into the everlasting fire which was prepared for the devil and his angels, unless they are joined to the Church before the end of their lives; that the unity of this ecclesiastical body is of such importance that only those who abide in it do the Church's sacraments contribute to salvation and do fasts, almsgiving and other works of piety and practices of the Christian militia productive of eternal rewards; and that nobody can be saved, no matter how much he has given away in alms and even if he has shed blood in the name of Christ, unless he has persevered in the bosom and unity of the Catholic Church."[31]

Only for those who abide in the Roman Catholic Church do the Church's sacraments contribute to salvation. This is a dogma! And this dogma is clearly repudiated by Vatican II's outrageous teaching that it is lawful to give the sacraments of Penance, Holy Eucharist and Extreme Unction to those who do not abide in the Catholic Church. In fact, Popes throughout the ages have proclaimed that non-Catholics who receive the Holy Eucharist outside the Catholic Church receive it to their own damnation.

Pope Pius VIII, Traditi Humilitati (# 4), May 24, 1829 :

"Jerome used to say it this way: he who eats the Lamb outside this house will perish as did those during the flood who were not with Noah in the ark."[32]

Pope Gregory XVI, Commissum divinitus (# 11), May 17, 1835 :

"... whoever dares to depart from the unity of Peter might understand that he no longer shares in the divine mystery...'Whoever eats the Lamb outside of this house is unholy.'"[33]

Pope Pius IX, Amantissimus (# 3), April 8, 1862 :

"... whoever eats of the Lamb and is not a member of the Church, has profaned."[34]

Pope John Paul II has repeated and expanded upon this heresy of Vatican II countless times. He teaches it clearly in his new code of canon law (Canon 844.3-4), in his Directory for the Application of the Principles and Norms of Ecumenism (#'s 122-125) and in his new catechism (#1401). He also makes many references to this heresy in many of his speeches.

Pope John Paul II, General Audience, Aug. 9, 1995 :

"Concerning aspects of intercommunion, the recent Ecumenical Directory confirms and states precisely all that the Council said: that is, a certain intercommunion is possible, since the Eastern Churches possess true sacraments, especially the priesthood and the Eucharist.

"On this sensitive point, specific instructions have been issued, stating that, whenever it is impossible for a Catholic to have recourse to a Catholic priest, he may receive the sacraments of Penance, the Eucharist and the Anointing of the Sick from the minister of an Eastern Church (Directory, n. 123). Reciprocally, Catholic ministers may licitly administer the sacraments of Penance, the Eucharist and the Anointing of the Sick to Eastern Christians who ask for them."[35]

Pope John Paul II, Ut Unum Sint (# 48), May 25, 1995 :

"Pastoral experience shows that with respect to our Eastern brethren there should be and can be taken into consideration various circumstances affecting individuals, wherein the unity of the Church is not jeopardized nor are intolerable risks involved, but in which salvation itself and the spiritual profit of souls are urgently at issue. Hence, in view of special circumstances of time, place and personage, the Catholic Church has often adopted and now adopts a milder policy, offering to all the means of salvation and an example of charity among Christians through participation in the sacraments and in other sacred functions and objects... There must never be a loss of appreciation for the ecclesiological implication of sharing in the sacraments, especially the Holy Eucharist ."[36]

Three things are striking in this paragraph: 1) John Paul II calls for sharing in the sacraments, especially the Holy Eucharist; 2) he attempts to justify this by invoking "the spiritual profit of souls," which means that he is directly denying the definition of Eugene IV on how reception of the sacraments outside the Church does not profit one unto salvation; 3) John Paul II reminds us never to forget the "ecclesiological implication" of sharing in the sacraments - which implication is that these heretics and schismatics with whom they are sharing the sacraments are also in the same Church of Christ! Does the reader see what this heresy means? It means that the Vatican II Church, now headed by Pope John Paul II, considers itself in the same Church of Christ with those to whom it gives Holy Communion - the Protestants and the Schismatics!

Besides its horrible teaching on giving the sacraments to non-Catholics, in its decree Orientalium ecclesiarum, Vatican II spreads more of the heresy of indifferentism - the idea that God approves of all heretical sects.

Orientalium Ecclesiarum # 30:

"They should also pray that the fullness of the strength and solace of the holy Spirit, the paraclete, may flow out upon those many Christians of any Church whatsoever who, fearlessly confessing Christ, are undergoing suffering and distress."[37]

Contrary to the heresy of Vatican II, the Holy Spirit does not flow out upon members of any sect whatsoever.

Pope Leo XII, Ubi Primum (# 14), May 5, 1824 :

"It is impossible for the most true God, who is Truth itself, the best, the wisest Provider, and the Rewarder of good men, to approve all sects who profess false teachings which are often inconsistent with one another and contradictory, and to confer eternal salvation on their members... by divine faith we hold one Lord, one faith, one baptism... This is why we profess that there is no salvation outside the Church."[38]

Pope St. Celestine I, Council of Ephesus , 431:

"... remember that the followers of every heresy extract from inspired scripture the occasion of their error, and that all heretics corrupt the true expressions of the holy Spirit with their own evil minds and they draw down on their heads an inextinguishable flame."[39]

Other Popes could be quoted to condemn Vatican II's indifferentism, but Pope Leo XII and Pope St. Celestine should suffice. Finally, operating on the principle that all heretical sects are as good as the Catholic Church - and that the Holy Ghost approves of all heretical sects - Orientalium ecclesiarum calls for Catholics to share their churches with heretics and schismatics.

Orientalium Ecclesiarum # 28:

"With the same principles in mind, sharing in sacred functions and things and places is allowed among Catholics and their separated eastern brothers and sisters ..."[40]

Lumen Gentium - Constitution on the Church 3.- Constitution on the Church

Lumen Gentium, Vatican II's constitution on the Church, became famous (or rather, notorious) for its heretical teaching of collegiality. This is the idea that the bishops, taken as a whole, also are the supreme head of the Catholic Church.

Lumen Gentium # 22:

"However, the order of Bishops , which succeeds the college of apostles in teaching authority and pastoral government, and indeed in which the apostolic body continues to exist without interruption, is also the subject of supreme and full power over the universal Church , provided it remains united with its head ..."[41]

We see that Lumen Gentium explicitly teaches that the College of Bishops possesses supreme and full power over the universal Church. If this were true it would mean that Christ did not institute single head in the Catholic Church in the person of St. Peter, but two supreme heads - the college of bishops and Peter - which would make the Church a monster with two heads.

Pope Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, Nov. 18, 1302 :

"... Of the one and only Church there is one body, one head, not two heads as a monster..."

The Pope alone possesses the supreme authority in the Church. The Bishops do not.

Pope Leo XIII, Satis Cognitum (# 14), June 29, 1896 :

"For He who made Peter the foundation of the Church also 'chose, twelve, whom He called apostles' (Luke 6:13); and just as it is necessary that the authority of Peter should be perpetuated in the Roman Pontiff, by the fact that the bishops succeed the Apostles, they inherit their ordinary power, and thus the episcopal order necessarily belongs to the essential constitution of the Church. Although they do not receive plenary, or universal, or supreme authority , they are not to be looked as vicars of the Roman Pontiffs; because they exercise a power really their own, and are most truly called ordinary pastors of the peoples over whom they rule."[42]

Pope Leo XIII, Satis Cognitum (# 15):

"But the power of the Roman Pontiff is supreme, universal, and definitely peculiar to itself ; but that of the bishops is circumscribed by definite limits, and definitely peculiar to themselves."[43]

Besides the heresy of collegiality, there are others in Lumen Gentium that cannot be overlooked. The most striking is found in Lumen Gentium 16.

Lumen Gentium # 16:

"But the plan of salvation also embraces those who acknowledge the Creator, and among these the MUSLIMS are first; the profess to hold the faith of Abraham AND ALONG WITH US THEY WORSHIP THE ONE MERCIFUL GOD WHO WILL JUDGE MANKIND ON THE LAST DAY."

This is an amazing blasphemy! Catholics are worshippers of Jesus Christ and the Most Holy Trinity; the Muslims are not! A child can understand that we don't have the same God.

Pope Gregory XVI, Summo Iugiter Studio (# 6), May 27, 1832 :

"Therefore, they must instruct them in the true worship of God, which is unique to the Catholic religion."[44]

Pope St. Gregory the Great:

"The holy universal Church teaches that it is not possible to worship God truly except in Her ..."[45]

It is a clearly a denial of the Most Blessed Trinity to say that Muslims worship the true God without worshipping the Trinity. Secondly, and even worse when considered carefully, is the astounding statement that Muslims worship the One Merciful Who will judge mankind on the last day ! This is an incredible heresy. As stated already, Muslims don't worship Jesus Christ - mankind's supreme Judge on the last day. Therefore, they do not worship God who will judge mankind on the last day! This is quite simple. To say that Muslims do worship God who will judge mankind on the last day, as Vatican II does in Lumen Gentium 16, is to totally deny that Jesus Christ will judge mankind on the last day.

Pope St. Damasus I, Council of Rome , Can. 15:

"If anyone does not say that HE (JESUS CHRIST) ...WILL COME TO JUDGE THE LIVING AND THE DEAD, HE IS A HERETIC."[46]

In addition to what is stated above, in Lumen Gentium 16 we find another prominent heresy.

Lumen Gentium # 16:

"Nor does divine providence deny the helps that are necessary for salvation to those who, through no fault of their own, have not yet attained to the express recognition of God yet who strive, not without divine grace, to lead an upright life."[47]

Vatican II is teaching here in Lumen Gentium that there are some people who, THROUGH NO FAULT OF THEIR OWN, have not yet attained to the express recognition of God. In other words, there are some atheists who are atheists through no fault of their own. This is pure heresy.

It is infallibly taught in Sacred Scripture that everyone above the age of reason can know with certainty that there is a God. They know this by the things that are made: the trees, the grass, the sun, the moon, the stars, etc. Therefore, anyone who is an atheist - who believes that there is no God - is without excuse. The natural law convicts him. Read the teaching of Sacred Scripture.

Romans 1:19-21:

"Because that which is known of God is manifest in them. For God hath manifested it unto them. For the invisible things of Him, from the creation of the world, are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made; His external power also, and divinity: SO THAT THEY ARE INEXCUSABLE ."

St. Paul teaches that atheists are inexcusable, because of the things that God has made. Vatican II, on the contrary, teaches that atheists can be excused. This causes us to ask, "What bible was Vatican II using?" It must have been the revised Satanic edition. Their statement about atheists is not only condemned by St. Paul , but it is also explicitly condemned by Vatican Council I, which dogmatically defined the principle set forth in Romans Chapter 1.

Pope Pius IX, First Vatican Council, Session 3, On Revelation, Can. 1:

"If anyone shall have said that the one true God, our Creator and Lord, cannot be known with certitude by those things which have been made, by the natural light of human reason: let him be anathema."[48]

Vatican II, in the above passage in Lumen Gentium 16, falls directly under this anathema. Moving right along, in Lumen Gentium 15, Vatican II also teaches that the Church is united with those who don't accept the Papacy.

Lumen Gentium # 15:

" For several reasons the Church recognizes that it is joined to those who , though baptized and so honoured with the Christian name, do not profess the faith in its entirety or do not preserve communion under the successor of St. Peter ."[49]

It is a dogma that those who reject the Papacy are not joined to the Catholic Church.

Pope Pius IX, Amantissimus (# 3), April 8, 1862 :

"There are other, almost countless, proofs drawn from the most trustworthy witnesses which clearly and openly testify with great faith, exactitude, respect and obedience that all who want to belong to the true and only Church of Christ must honor and obey this Apostolic See and the Roman Pontiff."[50]

Pope Pius VI, Charitas (# 32), April 13, 1791 :

"Finally, in one word, stay close to Us. For no one can be in the Church of Christ without being in unity with its visible head and founded on the See of Peter."[51]

Pope Leo XIII, Satis Cognitum (# 13), June 29, 1896 :

"Therefore if a man does not want to be, or to be called, a heretic, let him not strive to please this or that man... but let him hasten before all things to be in communion with the Roman See."[52]

Vatican II also teaches that heretics honor Holy Scripture with a true religious zeal.

Lumen Gentium # 15, speaking of non-Catholics:

" For there are many who hold the sacred scripture in honour as the norm for believing and living, displaying a sincere religious zeal ... They are marked baptism... and indeed there are other sacraments that they recognize and accept in their own Churches or ecclesiastical communities."[53]

The Catholic Church teaches that heretics repudiate the traditional Word of God.

Pope Gregory XVI, Inter Praecipuas (# 2), May 8, 1844 :

"Indeed, you are aware that from the first ages called Christian, it has been the peculiar artifice of heretics that, repudiating the traditional Word of God, and rejecting the authority of the Catholic Church, they either falsify the Scriptures at hand, or alter the explanation of the meaning."[54]

4. Dignitatis Humanae - Declaration on Religious liberty >

Vatican II's declaration on religious liberty was without question the most notorious of all the documents of Vatican II. This is because its teaching on religious liberty was so heretical, so contrary to the teaching of the Catholic Magisterium, that even the most liberal heretics had trouble rationalizing it.

Dignitatis humanae # 2:

" This Vatican synod declares that the human person has a right to religious freedom . Such freedom consists in this, that all should have such immunity from coercion by individuals, or by groups, or by any human power, that no one should be forced to act against his conscience in religious matters, nor prevented from acting according to his conscience, whether in private or in public , within due limits."[55]

Dignitatis humanae # 2:

"Therefore this right to non-interference persists even in those who do not carry out their obligations of seeking the truth and standing by it; and the exercise of this right should not be curtailed , as long as due public order is preserved."[56]

It is a dogma of the Catholic Church that states have a right, and indeed a duty, to prevent false religions from publicly propagating and practicing their false faiths. States must do this to protect the common good - the good of souls, which is harmed by the public dissemination of evil. This is why the Catholic Church has always taught that Catholicism should be the only religion of the state; and that the State should exclude and forbid the public profession and propagation of any other.

Pope Pius IX, Syllabus of Errors, Dec. 8, 1864 , # 77:

"In this age of ours it is no longer expedient that the Catholic religion should be the only religion of the state, to the exclusion of all other cults whatsoever." - Condemned.[57]

Pope Pius IX, Syllabus of Errors, # 78:

"Hence in certain regions of Catholic name, it has been laudably sanctioned by law that men immigrating there be allowed to have public exercises of any form of worship of their own." - Condemned.[58]

Pope Pius IX, Syllabus of Errors, Dec. 8, 1864 , # 55:

"The Church is to be separated from the state, and the state from the Church." - Condemned.

Thus, it is abundantly clear that the teaching of Vatican II is direct heresy against the infallible teaching of Pope Pius IX and a host of other Popes we could quote. The teaching of Vatican II on religious liberty could literally have been added to the errors of the Syllabus condemned by Pope Pius IX.

Dignitatis humanae # 3:

" So the state , whose proper purpose it is to provide for the temporal common good, should certainly recognize and promote the religious life of its citizens. With equal certainty it exceeds the limits of its authority, if it takes upon itself to direct or to prevent religious activity ."[59]

Here Vatican II says that the State exceeds its authority if it dares to direct or prevent religious activity. In other words, the state exceeds its authority if it is not godless. This is why, after Vatican II, a number of formerly Catholic nations changed their Catholic Constitutions in favor of secular ones! They went from Catholic nations to godless nations all because of Vatican II. But justice, reason and Catholic dogma forbid the State to be godless.

Pope Leo XIII, Libertas (# 21), June 20, 1888 :

" Justice therefore forbids, and reason itself forbids, the State to be godless ; or to adopt a line of action which would end in godlessness - namely, to treat the various religions (as they call them) alike, and to bestow upon them promiscuously equal rights and privileges. Since, then, the profession of one religion is necessary in the State, that religion must be professed which alone is true, and which can be recognized without difficulty, especially in the Catholic States, because the marks of truth are, as it were, engraven upon it."[60]

Pope St. Pius X, Vehementer Nos, Feb. 11, 1906 :

"We, in accord with the supreme authority which We hold from God, disprove and condemn the established law which separates the French state from the Church, for those reasons which We have set forth: because it inflicts the greatest injury upon God whom it solemnly rejects, declaring in the beginning that the state is devoid of any religious worship..."[61]

Pope Gregory XVI, Inter Praecipuas (# 14), May 8, 1844 :

"Experience shows that there is no more direct way of alienating the populace from fidelity and obedience to their leaders than through that indifference to religion propagated by the sect members under the name of religious liberty."[62]

In line with its heretical teaching on religious liberty, Vatican II naturally teaches the heresy that all religions have liberty of speech and liberty of the press.

Dignitatis Humanae # 4:

" In addition, religious communities are entitled to teach and give witness to their faith publicly in speech and writing without hindrance ."[63]

The idea that everyone has the right to liberty of speech and the press has been condemned by countless Popes. We will only quote Gregory XVI and Leo XIII.

Pope Gregory XVI, Mirari Vos (# 15), Aug. 15, 1832 :

"Here We must include that harmful and never sufficiently denounced freedom to publish any writings whatever and disseminate them to the people, which some dare to demand and promote with so great a clamor. We are horrified to see what monstrous doctrines and prodigious errors are disseminated far and wide in countless books, pamphlets, and other writings which, though small in weight, are very great in malice."[64]

Pope Leo XIII, Libertas (# 42), June 20, 1888 :

"From what has been said it follows that it is quite unlawful to demand, to defend, or to grant unconditional freedom of thought, of speech, or writing, or of worship , as if these were so many rights given by nature to man."[65]

Pope Leo XIII, Immortale Dei (# 34), Nov. 1, 1885 :

"Thus, Gregory XVI in his encyclical letter Mirari Vos, dated August 15, 1832, inveighed with weighty words against the sophisms which even at his time were being publicly inculcated - namely, that no preference should be shown for any particular form of worship; that it is right for individuals to form their own personal judgments about religion; that each man's conscience is his sole and all-sufficing guide; and that it is lawful for every man to publish his own views, whatever they may be , and even to conspire against the state."[66]

5. Ad Gentes - Decree on Missionary Activity

Not surprisingly, we also find heresy in Vatican II's decree on missionary activity.

Ad Gentes # 6:

" For although the Church possesses totally and fully the means of salvation, it neither always nor at once puts or can put them all into operation , but is subject to beginnings and stages in the activity by which it strives to bring God's plan into effect. Indeed, at times, after a successful start and advance, it has to grieve at another reverse, or at least it halts in a certain state of semi-fulfillment and insufficiency ."[67]

One will search in vain for a clearer denial of the necessity of the Catholic Church for salvation; for here Vatican II asserts that the Catholic Church is insufficient as a means of salvation. This is a blasphemy against the Church Christ has established, as if what Our Savior founded upon Peter the Rock so that all nations might receive the Gospel truth just wasn't sufficient for the grave needs of the world. According to Vatican II, the Church Christ established is not sufficient in itself for providing for the salvation of mankind.

Pope Innocent III, Eius exemplo, Dec. 18, 1208 :

"By the heart we believe and by the mouth we confess the one Church, not of heretics, but the Holy Roman, Catholic, and Apostolic Church outside of which we believe that no one is saved."[68]

Pope Clement VI, Super quibusdam, Sept. 20, 1351 :

"In the second place, we ask whether you and the Armenians obedient to you believe that no man of the wayfarers outside the faith of this Church, and outside the obedience to the Pope of Rome, can finally be saved."[69]

As we can see, the assertion of Ad Gentes that the Church is insufficient as a means of salvation is heretical and blasphemous. But besides this heresy, Ad Gentes proclaims that non-Christian religions are great.

Ad Gentes # 10:

"For two billion people - and their number is increasing by day - have not heard the gospel message or have scarcely heard it... Of these people, some adhere to one of the great religions ..."[70]

So non-Christian religions are great, according to Vatican II. This is not what Sacred Scriptures teaches.

2 Cor. 4:3:

"And if our gospel be also hid, it is hid to them that are lost, In whom the god of this world (that is, Satan) hath blinded the minds of unbelievers, that the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not shine unto them."

The Gospel is hidden from those that are lost, not those whose religion is great. Non-Christians are in darkness and are under the power of the devil.

1 Cor. 10:19-20:

"What then? Do I say, that what is offered in sacrifice to idols is anything? Or that the idol is anything? But the things which the heathens sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils, and not to God."

Colossians 1:13-

"Giving thanks to God the Father... Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated us into the kingdom of the Son of his love."

John 3:35-36:

"The Father loveth the Son: and he hath given all things into His hand. He that believeth in the Son, hath life everlasting; but he that believeth not the Son, shall not see life; but the wrath of God abideth on him."

John 8:23-24

"And Jesus said to them: You are from beneath, I am from above. You are of this world, I am not of this world. Therefore I said to you, that you shall die in your sins. For if you do not believe that I am He, you shall die in your sin."

Non-Christian religions are not great; they are false. They do not have the light, but they suffer in darkness. Vatican II is preaching a new gospel in which non-Catholic religions are no longer false, but great - no longer dark, but light.

Ad Gentes # 29:

"Together with the Secretariate for the promotion of Christian unity, it should search out ways and means for bringing about and organizing cooperation and harmonious relationships with other communities of Christians in their missionary projects , so that as far as possible the scandal of division may be removed."[71]

Ad Gentes 29 teaches that Catholics should work with Protestant sects in their missionary projects. This means that Vatican II considers a conversion to Protestantism a true conversion. This again is heresy, since, as we have proven, there is no salvation outside the Catholic Church. A conversion to Protestantism is not a true conversion.

Pope Leo X, Fifth Lateran Council, Session 8, Dec. 19, 1513 :

"And since truth cannot contradict truth, we define that every statement contrary to the enlightened truth of the faith is totally false and we strictly forbid teaching otherwise to be permitted. We decree that all those who cling to erroneous statements of this kind, thus sowing heresies which are wholly condemned, should be avoided in every way and punished as detestable and odious heretics and infidels who are undermining the Catholic faith."[72]

6. Nostra Aetate - Decree on Non-Christian Religions

Nostra aetate # 3:

"The Church also looks upon Muslims with respect. They worship the one God living and subsistent, merciful and mighty, creator of heaven and earth, who has spoken to humanity and to whose decrees, even the hidden ones, they seek to submit themselves whole-heartedly , just as Abraham, to whom the Islamic faith readily relates itself, submitted to God ... Hence they have regard for the moral life and worship God in prayer, almsgiving and fasting ."[73]

Here we find Vatican II teaching that Muslims worship the one God, the Creator of Heaven and earth. This is similar to, but slightly different from, the heresy that we have already exposed in Lumen Gentium. Here Vatican II does not say that Muslims worship God who will judge mankind on the last day, but that Muslims worship the One God who created heaven and earth. The false god of the Muslims did not create heaven and earth. The Most Holy Trinity created heaven and earth.

Pope St. Leo IX, Congratulamur vehementer, April 13, 1053 :

"For I firmly believe that the Holy Trinity, the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, is one omnipotent God, and in the Trinity the whole Godhead is co-essential and consubstantial, co-eternal and co-omnipotent, and of one will, power, majesty; the creator of all creation, from whom all things, through whom all things, in whom all things which are in heaven or on earth, visible or invisible. Likewise I believe that each person in the Holy Trinity is the one true God, complete and perfect."[74]

Nostra Aetate 3 also says that the Catholic Church looks upon Muslims with respect, who seek to submit themselves to God wholeheartedly, just as Abraham did. But Vatican II's admiration for the infidel Muslims is not shared by the Catholic Church. The Church desires the conversion and eternal happiness of all the Muslims, but she recognizes that Islam is a horrible and false religion; and she does not pretend that they submit themselves to God. She knows that they belong to a false religion.

Pope Eugene IV, Council of Basel , Session 19, Sept. 7, 1434 :

"Moreover, we trust that with God's help another benefit will accrue to the Christian commonwealth; because from this union, once it is established, there is hope that very many from the abominable sect of Mahomet will be converted to the Catholic faith."[75]

Pope Clement V, Council of Vienne , 1311-1312:

"It is an insult to the holy name and a disgrace to the Christian faith that in certain parts of the world subject to Christian princes where Saracens (i.e., The followers of Islam, also called Muslims) live, sometimes apart, sometimes intermingled with Christians, the Saracen priests, commonly called Zabazala, in their temples or mosques, in which the Saracens meet to adore the infidel Mahomet, loudly invoke and extol his name each day at certain hours from a high place... This brings disrepute on our faith and gives great scandal to the faithful. These practices cannot be tolerated without displeasing the divine majesty. We therefore, with the sacred council's approval, strictly forbid such practices henceforth in Christian lands. We enjoin on Catholic princes, one and all.. They are to forbid expressly the public invocation of the sacrilegious name of Mahomet... Those who presume to act otherwise are to be so chastised by the princes for their irreverence, that others may be deterred from such boldness."[76]

Pope Benedict strictly forbade Catholics to even give Muslim names to their children under pain of damnation.

Pope Benedict XIV, Quod Provinciale, Aug. 1, 1754 :

"The Provincial Council of your province of Albania ... decreed most solemnly in its third canon, among other matters, as you know, that Turkish or Mohammedan names should not be given either to children or adults in baptism... This should not be hard for any one of you, venerable brothers, for none of the schismatics and heretics has been rash enough to take a Mohammedan name, and unless your justice abounds more than theirs, you shall not enter the kingdom of God."[77]

Vatican II's document Nostra Aetate likewise expresses its great esteem for Jews who reject Our Lord Jesus Christ.

Nostra aetate # 4:

"Since, therefore, the spiritual heritage common to Christians and Jews is so great, this synod wishes to promote and recommend that mutual knowledge and esteem which is required especially from biblical and theological studies and from friendly dialogues."[78]

Nostra aetate # 4:

"As holy scripture is witness, Jerusalem did not know the time of its visitation, and for the most part the Jews did not accept the Gospel , indeed many of them opposed its dissemination. Nevertheless , according to the apostle, because of their ancestors the Jews still remain very dear to God , whose gift and call are without regret."[79]

The Catholic Church does not look upon the Jews with esteem, but with sadness, acknowledging that they exist in a state of rejection of the true God; and that they need to be recalled from their false religion in order to be saved.

Pope Benedict XIV, A Quo Primum (# 4), June 14, 1751 :

"Surely it is not in vain that the Church has established the universal prayer which is offered up for the faithless Jews from the rising of the sun to its setting, that the Lord God may remove the veil from their hearts, that they may be rescued from their darkness into the light of truth. For unless it hoped that those who do not believe would believe, it would obviously be futile and empty to pray for them."[80]

Pope Benedict XIV is referring to the prayer in the Catholic liturgy which implored God to convert the perfidious Jews. The word perfidious means unfaithful.[81] Not surprisingly, in 1960, the phrase "perfidious Jews" was removed from the Good Friday liturgy by Pope John XXIII. Furthermore, Pope Eugene IV dogmatically defined that everyone who practices the Mosaic law - that is, the Jewish religion - cannot be saved.

Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence , Cantate Domino, Feb. 4, 1441 :

"The Holy Roman Church firmly believes, professes and teaches that the matter pertaining to the law of the Old Testament, of the Mosaic Law, which are divided into ceremonies, sacred rites, sacrifices, and sacraments, because they were established to signify something in the future, although they were suited to divine worship at that time, after our Lord's coming had been signified by them, ceased, and the sacraments of the New Testament began; and that whoever, even after the passion, placed hope in these matters of the law and submitted himself to them as necessary for salvation, as if faith in Christ could not save without them, sinned mortally. Yet it does not deny that after the passion of Christ up to the promulgation of the Gospel they could have been observed until they were believed to be in no way necessary for salvation; but after the promulgation of the Gospel it asserts that they cannot be observed without the loss of eternal salvation. All, therefore, who after that time (the promulgation of the Gospel) observe circumcision and the Sabbath and the other requirements of the law, it declares alien to the Christian faith and not in the least fit to participate in eternal salvation, unless someday they recover from these errors."[82]

Besides Jews and Muslims, Nostra Aetate made sure to remind the world how great Buddhism is and how this false religion leads to the highest illumination.

Nostra aetate # 2:

" In Buddhism , according to its various forms, the radical inadequacy of this changeable world is acknowledged and a way is taught whereby those with a devout and trustful spirit may be able to reach either a state of perfect freedom or, relying on their own efforts or on help from a higher source, the highest illumination ."[83]

And the false religion of Hinduism is praised for its inexhaustible wealth of penetrating philosophical investigations, as well as its ascetical life and deep meditation.

Nostra aetate # 2:" Thus in Hinduism the divine mystery is explored and propounded with an inexhaustible wealth of myths and penetrating philosophical investigations , and liberation is sought from the distresses of our state either through various forms of ascetical life or deep meditation or taking refuge in God with loving confidence."[84]

Amid all of this blasphemy, no mention is made that these infidels must be converted to Christ; no prayer is offered that the faith may be granted to them; and no admonition that these idolaters must be delivered from their impiety. What we see is praise and esteem for these religions of the devil. What we see is an unequivocal syncretism, which treats all religions as if they are paths to God.

Pope Pius XI, Mortalium Animos (# 2), Jan. 6, 1928 :

"... that false opinion which considers all religions to be more or less good and praiseworthy, ... Not only are those who hold this opinion in error and deceived, but also in distorting the idea of true religion they reject it, and little by little, turn aside to naturalism and atheism, as it is called; from which it clearly follows that one who supports those who hold these theories and attempt to realize them, is altogether abandoning the divinely revealed religion."[85]

Pope Pius IX, Qui Pluribus (# 15), Nov. 9, 1846 :

"Also perverse is that shocking theory that it makes no difference to which religion one belongs, a theory greatly at variance even with reason. By means of this theory, those crafty men remove all distinction between virtue and vice, truth and error, honorable and vile action. They pretend that men can gain eternal salvation by the practice of any religion, as if there could ever be any sharing between justice and iniquity, any collaboration between light and darkness, or any agreement between Christ and Belial."[86]

Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence, Cantate Domino, Session 11, Feb. 4, 1442: "The Holy Roman Church firmly believes, professes and preaches that all those who are outside the Catholic Church, not only pagans but also Jews or heretics and schismatics, cannot share in the eternal life and will go into the everlasting fire which was prepared for the devil and his angels, unless they are joined to the Catholic Church before the end of their lives..."[87]

Pope Gregory XVI, Summo Iugiter Studio (# 2), May 27, 1832 :

"Finally some of these misguided people attempt to persuade themselves and others that men are not saved only in the Catholic religion, but that even heretics may attain eternal life."[88]

7. Sacrosanctum Concilium - Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy

Sacrosanctum Concilium was Vatican II's constitution on the sacred liturgy. It was responsible for the incredible changes to the Mass and the other sacraments following Vatican II. What Sacrosanctum Concilium started, Pope Paul VI finished by suppressing the traditional Latin Mass and replacing it with an invalid Protestant service that is referred to as the Novus Ordo Missae (the New Order of the Mass). The "New Mass" alone has been responsible for the departure of millions from the Catholic Church. Pope Paul VI also changed the rites of all seven sacraments of the Church, making grave and possibly invalidating changes to the sacraments of Extreme Unction, Confirmation and Holy Orders, besides the changes to the Mass as stated above. But it all began with Vatican II's Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium.

The revolutionary intentions of Vatican II are clear in Sacrosanctum Concilium.

Sacrosanctum Concilium #63b: " There is to be a new edition of the Roman book of rites , and, following this as a model, each competent local church authority (see article 22.2) should prepare its own, adapted to the needs of individual areas, including those to do with language, as soon as possible."[89]

Sacrosanctum Concilium #66: " Both rites of adult baptism are to be revised , the simpler one and the more elaborate one, the latter with reference to the renewed catechumenate."[90]

Sacrosanctum Concilium #67: " The rite of infant baptism is to be revised , and adapted to the reality of the situation with babies."[91]

Sacrosanctum Concilium #71: " The rite of confirmation is also to be revised ."[92]

Sacrosanctum Concilium #72: " The rites and formulas of penance are also to be revised in such a way that they express more clearly what the sacrament is and what it brings about."[93]

Sacrosanctum Concilium #76: " The rites for different kinds of ordination are to be revised - both the ceremonies and the texts ."[94]

Sacrosanctum Concilium #77: " The rite of celebrating marriage in the Roman book of rites is to be revised , and made richer, in such a way that it will express the grace of the sacrament more clearly...."[95]

Sacrosanctum Concilium #79: " The sacramentals should be revised ... the revision should also pay attention to the needs of our time."[96]

Sacrosanctum Concilium #80: " The rite of consecration of virgins found in the Roman pontifical is to be subjected to review ."[97]

Sacrosanctum Concilium #82: " The rite of burying little children should be revised , and a special mass provided."[98]

Sacrosanctum Concilium #89d: " The hour of prime is to be suppressed ."[99]

Sacrosanctum Concilium #93: " ... the hymns are to be restored to their original form. Things which smack of mythology or which are less suited to Christian holiness are to be removed or changed ."[100]

Sacrosanctum Concilium #107: " The liturgical year is to be revised ."[101]

Sacrosanctum Concilium #128: " The ecclesiastical canons and statutes which deal with the provision of visible things for worship are to be revised AS SOON AS POSSIBLE ..."[102]

Yes, the devil could not wait to destroy the precious liturgical heritage of the Catholic Church by means of the heretics at Vatican II. His goal was to leave as little of tradition remaining as he could. In Sacrosantum Concilium #37 and #40.1, the Council falls into heresy against the teaching of Pope Pius X in Pascendi on Modernist Worship.

Sacrosanctum concilium # 37:

"... (the Church) cultivates and encourages the gifts and endowments of mind and heart possessed by various races in peoples ... Indeed, it sometimes allows them into the liturgy itself , provided they are consistent with the thinking behind the true spirit of the liturgy."[103]

Please notice that Vatican II is allowing the customs of various peoples into liturgical worship.

Sacrosanctum concilium # 40.1:

"The competent local Church authority should carefully and conscientiously consider, in this regard, which elements from the traditions and particular talents of individual peoples can be brought into divine worship . Adaptations which are adjudged useful or necessary should be proposed to the apostolic see, and introduced with its consent."[104]

Notice again that Vatican II is calling for the customs and traditions of various peoples to be incorporated into the liturgy. This is exactly what Pope Pius X solemnly condemned in Pascendi as Modernist worship!

Pope Pius X, Pascendi Dominici Gregis (# 26), Sept. 8, 1907, On the Worship of Modernists: " THE CHIEF STIMULUS IN THE DOMAIN OF WORSHIP CONSISTS IN THE NEED OF ADAPTING ITSELF TO THE USES AND CUSTOMS OF PEOPLES , as well as the need of availing itself of the value which certain acts have acquired by long usage."[105]

The heresy of Vatican II on this point could not be any more clear. It had already been condemned word for word by Pius X in 1907! But Vatican II's heretical liturgical revolution wasn't finished there. In Sacrosantum Concilium #34 and #50, Vatican II felt the need to again contradict word for word a dogmatic constitution of the Church. In #34 and #50, Vatican II directly contradicted the teaching of the dogmatic constitution Auctorem Fidei of Pope Pius VI regarding the simplification of liturgical rites.

Sacrosanctum concilium # 34:

" The rites should radiate a rich simplicity ; they should be brief and lucid, avoiding pointless repetitions; they should be intelligible for the people, and should not in general require much explanation."[106]

Sacrosanctum concilium # 50:

" Therefore the rites , in a way that carefully preserves what really matters, should become simpler . Duplications which have come in over the course of time should be discontinued, as should the less useful accretions."[107]

Pope Pius VI explicitly condemned the idea that the traditional liturgical rites of the Church should be simplified in his dogmatic Constitution Auctorem fidei!

Pope Pius VI, Auctorem fidei, Aug. 28. 1794, # 33:

"The proposition of the synod by which it shows itself eager to remove the cause through which, in part, there has been induced a forgetfulness of the principles relating to the order of the liturgy, ' by recalling it (the liturgy) to a greater simplicity of rites , by expressing it in the vernacular language, by uttering it in a loud voice...'" - Condemned as rash, offensive to pious ears, insulting to the Church, favorable to the charges of heretics against it.[108]

Besides everything stated above, Sacrosanctum concilium called for changing the rite of every sacrament, in addition to calling for "bodily self expression" in the liturgy (# 30):

Sacrosanctum concilium # 30:

"In order to encourage their taking an active share, acclamations for the people , together with responses, psalmody, antiphons and hymns, should be developed, as well as actions, movements and bodily self-expression ."[109]

Vatican II also called for "radical adaptation" to the liturgy (#40):

Sacrosanctum concilium # 40:

"However, in some places or in some situations, there may arise a pressing need for a more radical adaptation of the liturgy ."[110]

These clauses may form part of the reason why the modern churches of the Vatican II sect frequently conduct "Masses" at which one finds polka bands, electric guitars, balloons, drums, native American ceremonies, topless dancers and rock music. One might also find the "priests" celebrating such "Masses" dressed in anything from football jerseys to clown costumes. Yes, the "spirit of Vatican II" has truly touched the modern day churches of the Vatican II sect. Fortunately, Pope Gregory X at the Second Council of Lyons and Pope Clement V at the Council of Vienne authoritatively condemned all such abominations!

Pope Gregory X, Second Council of Lyons , 1274, Constitution 25:

"Churches, then, should be entered humbly and devoutly; behavior inside should be calm, pleasing to God, bringing peace to the beholders, a source not only of instruction but of mental refreshment... In churches the sacred solemnities should possess the whole heart and mind; the whole attention should be given to prayer. Hence where it is proper to offer heavenly desires with peace and calm, let nobody arouse rebellion, provoke clamour or be guilty of violence... Idle and, even more, foul and profane talk must stop; chatter in all its forms must cease. Everything, in short, that may disturb divine worship or offend the eyes of the divine majesty should be absolutely foreign to the churches, lest where pardon should be asked for our sins, occasion is given for sin, or sin is found to be committed... Those indeed who impudently defy the above prohibitions... will have to fear the sternness of divine retribution and our own, until having confessed their guilt, they have firmly resolved to avoid such conduct in the future."[111]

Pope Clement V, Council of Vienne , Decree # 22, 1311-1312:

"There are some, both clergy and laity, especially on the vigil of certain feasts when they ought to be in church persevering in prayer, who are not afraid to hold licentious dances in the cemeteries of the churches and occasionally to sing ballads and perpetrate many excesses. From this sometimes there follows the violation of churches and cemeteries, disgraceful conduct and various crimes; and the liturgical office is greatly disturbed, to the offense of the divine majesty and the scandal of the people nearby."[112]

Finally, not wishing to leave anything untouched, Sacrosanctum concilium made sure to call for pagan musical traditions in acts of Catholic worship (#119):

Sacrosanctum concilium # 119:

"In some parts of the world, especially in mission areas , peoples are found who have a musical tradition of their own , a tradition which has great importance for their religious and cultural way of life... For this reason, special care should be taken in the musical training of missionaries, so that, as far as possible, they will be able to encourage the traditional music of these peoples in schools, in choirs, and in acts of worship ."[113]

Thankfully, the Council of Trent had already condemned any diabolical insertion of pagan musical tradition into the churches.

Pope Pius IV, Council of Trent, Session 22, Decree on this to be observed and avoided at Mass:" And they should keep out of their churches the kind of music in which a base and suggestive element is introduced into the organ playing or singing, and similarly all worldly activities, empty and secular conversations, walking about, noises and cries, so that the house of God may truly be called and be seen to be a house of prayer."[114]

Is there any doubt that Vatican II tried to bring about a new apostate liturgy for its new apostate Church? Vatican II brings down the anathema of the Church on its head!

Pope St. Pius V, Quo Primum Tempore, July 14, 1570 :

"Now, therefore, in order that all everywhere may adopt and observe what has been delivered to them by the Holy Roman Church, Mother and Mistress of the other churches, it shall be unlawful henceforth and forever throughout the Christian world to sing or to read Masses according to any formula other than this Missal published by Us... Accordingly, no one whosoever is permitted to infringe or rashly contravene this notice of Our permission, statute, ordinance, command, direction, grant, indult, declaration, will, decree, and prohibition. Should any venture to do so, let him understand that he will incur the wrath of Almighty God and of the blessed Apostles Peter and Paul."[115]

Pope Paul III, Council of Trent, Session 7, Can. 13, ex cathedra:

"If anyone shall say that the received and approved rites of the Catholic Church accustomed to be used in the solemn administration of the sacraments may be disdained or omitted by the minister without sin and at pleasure, or may be changed by any pastor of the churches to other new ones: let him be anathema ."[116]

8. Gaudium et Spes - Constitution on Church and the Modernn World

Gaudium et Spes # 22:

" For by His incarnation the Son of God united Himself in some way with every human being . He labored with human hands, thought with a human mind, acted with a human will, and loved with a human heart."[117]

One of the trademark heresies of the Vatican II sect is the idea that by His incarnation, Christ united himself with each man. Vatican II speaks of a union between Christ and each man that results from the incarnation itself. Pope John Paul has taken the baton of this heresy and run with it full speed ahead to its logical consequence - universal salvation.

Pope John Paul II, Redemptor Hominis (# 13), March 4, 1979 :

"Christ the Lord indicated this way especially, when, as the Council teaches, ' by his Incarnation, he, the Son of God, in a certain way united himself with each man .' (Gaudium et Spes, 22.)."[118]

Pope John Paul II, Redemptor Hominis (# 13), March 4, 1979 :

"We are dealing with each man, for each one is included in the mystery of the Redemption and with each one Christ has united Himself forever through this mystery ."[119]

Notice that Pope John Paul II teaches that Christ is united with each man forever. This means that no one can ever be separated from God in hell. And he bases this heresy on the teaching of Vatican II in Gaudium et Spes #22, that Christ has united himself with each man in the Incarnation. But the idea that God united himself to every man in the Incarnation is undeniably heretical. There is no union between Jesus Christ and each man that results from the incarnation itself. The whole point of the Catholic Church is to unite mankind to Jesus Christ. This is done through faith and baptism. But if the union between all of mankind and Jesus Christ occurred at the Incarnation, then the Church has no value and is in fact pointless. The same would have to be said of the Crucifixion, the Resurrection, the seven sacraments, etc., which are all of no importance in uniting mankind to Jesus Christ according to Vatican II and Pope John Paul II. In this system, the Crucifixion of Christ by which the world was truly redeemed and given a chance to be saved becomes instead merely a sign of the union between Christ and each man that already exists and has existed since the Incarnation. The Redemption, then, has no saving value. One can see that in this system all of Catholic doctrine is simultaneously flushed down the toilet.

In fact, this doctrine of Vatican II, which has been repeated and expanded upon countless times by Pope John Paul II, is actually infinitely worse than the heretical doctrine of Martin Luther. Luther, heretic that he was, at least believed that to be united with Christ one had to possess faith in the Cross of Jesus Christ. But according to the doctrine of Vatican II and Pope John Paul II, faith in the Cross of Jesus Christ is of no value, as all of humanity has already been united to Christ "forever" (Pope John Paul II, Redemptor Hominis, 13). We hope that the reader can see the incredible malice that lies behind the statement of Vatican II's Constitution Gaudium et Spes #22.

Now we will quote the Catholic dogmas surrounding the truth that union between sinful mankind and Christ only comes from faith and baptism; for original sin is not remitted in any other way.

Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence , Session 11, Feb. 4, 1442 , "Cantate Domino":

"With regard to children, since the danger of death is often present and the only remedy available to them is the sacrament of baptism by which they are snatched away from the dominion of the devil and adopted as children of God ..."[120]

Pope Pius XI Quas Primas (# 15), Dec. 11, 1925 : "Indeed this kingdom is presented in the Gospels as such, into which men prepare to enter by doing penance; moreover, they cannot enter it except through faith and baptism, which, although an external rite , yet signifies and effects an interior regeneration."[121]

Union with Christ is also lost by separation from the Church, something Vatican II doesn't bother to mention.

Pope Leo XIII, Satis Cognitum (# 5), June 29, 1896 :

"Whoever is separated from the Church is united to an adulteress. He has cut himself off from the promises of the Church, and he who leaves the Church of Christ cannot arrive at the rewards of Christ."[122]

Besides the heresy in Gaudium et Spes #22, there are a number of others in Gaudium et Spes that are worthy of note. For example, in #58 Vatican II makes the ridiculous assertion that the Church is not attached to any ancient customs.

Gaudium et spes # 58:

"At the same time the Church , which has been sent to all peoples of whatever age or region, is not connected exclusively and inseparably to any race or nation, to any particular pattern of human behavior, or to any ancient or recent customs ."[123]

Tradition is one of the two sources of revelation, Sacred Scripture being the other. Therefore, the Church is attached to ancient customs; for Tradition is one of the two sources of revelation! The Church is founded on the traditions of the apostles, in which is included, among other things, the traditional liturgical rites which the Church has "always been accustomed to use."

Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence , Session 11, Feb. 4, 1442 :

"But since in the above written decree of the Armenians, the form of the words, which in the consecration of the Body and Blood of the Lord the holy Roman Church, confirmed by the teaching and authority of the Apostles, had always been accustomed to use , was not set forth, we have thought that it ought to be inserted here."[124]

Pope Paul III, Council of Trent , Session 7, Can. 13:

"If anyone shall say that the received and approved rites of the Catholic Church accustomed to be used in the solemn administration of the sacraments may be disdained or omitted by the minister without sin and at pleasure, or can be changed into other new rites by any pastor in the Church whomsoever: let him be anathema."[125]

Pope Hadrian I, Second Council of Nicaea , 787:

"Those, therefore, who dare to think or to teach otherwise or to spurn according to the wretched heretics the ecclesiastical traditions and to invent anything novel, or to reject anything from these things which have been consecrated by the Church... or to invent perversely and cunningly for the overthrow of anyone of the legitimate traditions of the Catholic Church... if indeed they are bishops or clerics, we order them to be deposed; monks, however, or laymen, to be excommunicated."[126]

Gaudium et Spes also expresses the heretical doctrine that dogma and all matters pertaining to the Church are in a state of evolution.

Gaudium et spes # 91:

"In view of the enormous diversities of conditions and human cultures in the world, what is proposed here is in many sections deliberately general in tone; in fact, although it expresses the received doctrine of the Church , yet, dealing as it often does with matters in a constant state of evolution , it must be pursued and expounded further."[127]

This is one of the most important statements in Vatican II. It identifies what is really going on in this heretical council. It tells us that "although" the Church expresses the received doctrine of the Church - clearly implying that there is something more than just the received doctrine of the Church going on here - it also deals with matters in a state of evolution. In other words, the Church expresses a combination of the received doctrine and evolved doctrine. This is what is known as the "evolution of dogma," which was solemnly condemned by Pope Pius X in Pascendi. Those who believe in this heresy of the "evolution of dogma" do not possess the true faith and must be converted if they desire to be saved.

Pope Pius X, Pascendi Dominic Gregis (# 26), Sept. 8, 1907, On the doctrine of the Modernists: "To the laws of evolution everything is subject - dogma, Church, worship, the Books we revere as sacred, even faith itself, and the penalty of disobedience is death. The enunciation of this principle will not astonish anybody who bears in mind what the Modernists have had to say about each of these subjects."[128]

Besides this, Gaudium et Spes teaches that birth control is virtuous.

Gaudium et spes # 51:

"The council is aware that in living their married life harmoniously, couples can often be restricted by modern living conditions and find themselves in circumstances in which the number of children cannot be increased , at least for a time, and the constant expression of love and the full sharing of life are maintained only with difficulty."[129]

Gaudium et Spes # 52:

"Those who are learned in the sciences, especially in the biological, medical, social and psychological fields, can be of considerable service to the good of marriage and the family, and to the peace of conscience, if they collaborate in trying to throw more light on the various conditions which favor the virtuous control of procreation ."[130]

Gaudium et Spes # 87:

" For, according to the inalienable human right to marriage and parenthood, the decision about the number of children to have lies with the right judgment of the parents , and cannot in any way be entrusted to the judgment of public authority... In exploring methods to help couples regulate the number of their children, appropriate information should be given on scientific advances that are well proven and are found to be in accordance with the moral order ."[131]

Here we have Vatican II teaching that birth control can be virtuous and that couples can choose the number of children that are to be born. This is contrary to the natural law. God is the author of life. No human being is permitted to infringe upon God's will to bring new life into the world by controlling birth or limiting his family. Birth control is never allowed, regardless of whether it is performed by so-called "natural" or artificial methods.

Pope Pius XI, Casti Connubii (# 55):

"As St. Augustine notes, 'Intercourse even with one's legitimate wife is unlawful and wicked where the conception of offspring is prevented."[132]

Pope Pius XI, Casti Connubii (# 56):

"... the Catholic Church, to whom God has entrusted the defense of the integrity and purity of morals, standing erect in the midst of the moral ruin which surrounds her, in order that she may preserve the chastity of the nuptial union from being defiled by this foul stain, raises her voice in token of her divine ambassadorship and through Our mouth proclaims anew: any use whatsoever of matrimony exercised in such a way that the act is deliberately frustrated in its natural power to generate life is an offence against the law of God and of nature, and those who indulge in such are branded with the guilt of a grave sin."[133]

Family Planning must be supernatural - it must be controlled by God, not man. For man to assert that he will choose the number of children he wants to have, is the utmost arrogance and a grave insult to the Creator. Man should not be worried about whether or not God will send him a child. God will send one if it is in His will. And He will not send more than anyone can handle. "Seek first the kingdom of God and His justice and all things will be added unto you." (Mt. 6:33)

To prevent a conception by design (as Pius XI says) - no matter how it is deliberately prevented - is a sin, a lack of faith, and a circumvention of God's will. It is not a virtue, despite what Vatican II says. In fact, in Humanae Vitae, Pope Paul VI himself admitted that so-called natural family planning is birth control.

Pope Paul VI, Humanae Vitae (# 16), July 25, 1968 :

"... the Church teaches that married people may then take advantage of the natural cycles immanent in the reproductive system and engage in marital intercourse only during those times that are infertile, thus controlling birth in a way which does not in the least offend the moral principles which We have just explained."[134]

To control birth, by deliberately restricting the marriage act exclusively to the infertile periods - as in Natural Family Planning - is nothing other than to frustrate the primary purpose of the marriage act, conception.

Pope Pius XI, Casti Connubii (# 54), Dec. 31, 1930 :

"But no reason, however grave, may be put forward by which anything intrinsically against nature may become conformable to nature and morally good. Since, therefore, the conjugal act is destined primarily by nature for the begetting of children, those who in exercising it deliberately frustrate its natural powers and purpose sin against nature and commit a deed which is shameful and instrinsically vicious."[135]

We can see that Pius XI condemns the frustration not only of the power, but also of the primary purpose of the marriage act. This is an important point; for Natural Family Planning designedly frustrates the primary purpose of the marriage act - as even Paul VI admits - and is therefore intrinsically vicious (Pius XI).

Moving on, we must cover Vatican II's adoration of man.

Gaudium et Spes # 26:

"There is also increasing awareness of the exceptional dignity which belongs to the human person, who is superior to everything and whose rights and duties are universal and inviolable."[136]

Gaudium et Spes # 12:

"According to the almost unanimous opinion of believers and unbelievers alike, all things on earth should be related to man as their center and crown ."[137]

This is blasphemy. There is no other word to describe it. If all things on earth should be related to man as their center and crown, this means that everything should be measured by man's law, not God's. This means that man is actually God, for all intents and purposes - everything is to be related to him. Man has been put in the place of God.

Gaudium et Spes # 24:

"This is why the first and greatest commandment is love of God and of neighbor."

Hold on a second. The first and greatest commandment is not love of God and of neighbor. The first and greatest commandment is love of God.

Mark 12:28 -31-

"And Jesus answered him: The first commandment of all is, 'Hear, O Israel: the Lord thy God is one God. And thou shalt love the Lord thy God, with thy whole heart, and with thy whole soul, and with thy whole mind, and with thy whole strength. This is the first commandment.

And the second is like to it: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself."

The first commandment, as it is summarized by Our Lord, is love of God. The second is love of neighbor as thyself. Vatican II says that the first and greatest commandment is love of God and neighbor, which is contrary to a truth revealed in sacred scripture and it is a direct change of the commandments as Our Lord summarized them; for if the love of God and of neighbor is the greatest commandment, this means that love of God and neighbor is one and the same, which is to say man and God are one and the same.

There are many other errors in the documents of Vatican II. However, what is exposed above should be enough to convince anyone of good will that no Catholic can accept this heretical Council without comprimising the the faith. And it is not sufficient merely to resist the heresies of Vatican II; one must entirely condemn it and expose its errors.

Endnotes

* In accordance with standard English practice, the first time any source is cited in these endnotes, its complete information is given, including publisher, year, etc. The second and following times a given source is cited only the title and page number are given.

* L'Osservatore Romano is the official newspaper of the Vatican .





[1] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Sheed & Ward and Georgetown University Press, 1990, Vol. 2, p. 908.

[2] L'Osservatore Romano - CD-Rom Version, by Harmony Media Inc., Gervais, OR, 1996-1998, Homily, Dec. 5, 1996 , p. 1.

[3] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 912.

[4] L'Osservatore Romano, Italian edition, October 8, 2000 , p. 4.

[5] Denzinger, The Sources of Catholic Dogma, B. Herder Book. Co. , Thirtieth Edition, 1957, no. 570a.

[6] The Papal Encyclicals, by Claudia Carlen, Raleigh : The Pierian Press, 1990, Vol. 2 (1878-1903), p. 393.

[7] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 910

[8] Denzinger 468.

[9] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 910.

[10] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 2 (1878-1903), p. 395.

[11] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 3 (1903-1939), pp. 121-122.

[12] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, p. 578; Denzinger 714.

[13] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 912.

[14] The Encyclicals of John Paul II, Huntington , IN : Our Sunday Visitor Publishing Division, 1996, p. 914.

[15] The Encyclicals of John Paul II, p. 965.

[16] Denzinger 247.

[17] Denzinger 714.

[18] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, pp. 915-916.

[19] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, p. 113.

[20] Denzinger 351.

[21] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 910.

[22] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, p. 31.

[23] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, p. 233.

[24] Denzinger 246.

[25] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 916.

[26] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 3 (1903-1939), p. 315.

[27] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 914.

[28] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 3 (1903-1939), p. 315.

[29] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 907.

[30] Denzinger 468.

[31] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, p. 578; Denzinger 714.

[32] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), p. 222.

[33] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), p. 256.

[34] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), p. 364.

[35] L'Osservatore Romano - CD-Rom Version, General Audience, Aug. 9, 1995 , p. 2.

[36] The Encyclicals of John Paul II, p. 950.

[37] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 907.

[38] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), p. 201.

[39] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, p. 74.

[40] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 907.

[41] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 866.

[42] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 2 (1878-1903), p. 400.

[43] Denzinger 1961.

[44] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), p. 231.

[45] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), p. 230.

[46] Denzinger 73.

[47] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 861.

[48] Denzinger 1806.

[49] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 860.

[50] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), p. 364.

[51] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), p. 184.

[52] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 2 (1878-1903), p. 399.

[53] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, pp. 860-861.

[54] Denzinger 1630.

[55] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1002.

[56] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1003.

[57] Denzinger 1777.

[58] Denzinger 1778.

[59] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1004.

[60] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 2 (1878-1903), pp. 175-176.

[61] Denzinger 1995.

[62] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), p. 271.

[63] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1004.

[64] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), p. 238.

[65] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 2 (1878-1903), p. 180.

[66] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 2 (1878-1903), p. 114.

[67] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1015.

[68] Denzinger 423.

[69] Denzinger 570b.

[70] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1019.

[71] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1035.

[72] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, pp. 605-606.

[73] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 969.

[74] Denzinger 343.

[75] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, p. 479.

[76] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, p. 380.

[77] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), pp. 49-50.

[78] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 970.

[79] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 970.

[80] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), p. 43.

[81] The Oxford Illustrated Dictionary, Second Edition, Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1985, p. 627.

[82] Denzinger 712.

[83] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 969.

[84] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 969.

[85] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 3 (1903-1939), pp. 313-314.

[86] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), p. 280.

[87] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, p. 578.

[88] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 1 (1740-1878), p. 229.

[89] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 833.

[90] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 833.

[91] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 833.

[92] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 833.

[93] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 834.

[94] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 834.

[95] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 834.

[96] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 834.

[97] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 835.

[98] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 835.

[99] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 836.

[100] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 836.

[101] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 838.

[102] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 838.

[103] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 828.

[104] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 829.

[105] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 3 (1903-1939), p. 83.

[106] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 827.

[107] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 831.

[108] Denzinger 1533.

[109] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 827.

[110] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 828.

[111] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, p. 328.

[112] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, p. 378.

[113] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 841.

[114] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 737.

[115] Pope St. Pius V, Quo Primum, July 14, 1570 .

[116] Denzinger 856.

[117] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1082.

[118] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 5 (1958-1981), p. 255.

[119] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 5 (1958-1981), p. 255.

[120] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, p. 576.

[121] Denzinger 2195; The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 3 (1903-1939), p. 274.

[122] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 2 (1878-1903), p. 391.

[123] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1109.

[124] Denzinger 715.

[125] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 685.

[126] Denzinger 304.

[127] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1134.

[128] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 3 (1903-1939), p. 82.

[129] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, pp. 1103-1104.

[130] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1105.

[131] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1132.

[132] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 3 (1903-1939), p. 399.

[133] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 3 (1903-1939), pp. 399-400.

[134] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 5, p. 227.

[135] The Papal Encyclicals, Vol. 3 (1903-1939), p. 399.

[136] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1085.

[137] Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 2, p. 1075.