

Wanda Witter, 80, who has been homeless for years, has waged a long battle to prove Social Security owes her more than $100,000. (Linda Davidson/The Washington Post)

[Update: A $100,000 smile after Social Security paid what it owed her]

If you’ve spent any time in downtown Washington, you’ve probably seen 80-year-old Wanda Witter.

Shock white hair, a determined, unsmiling set to her mouth, jeans. She may have asked you for some change and probably didn’t smile if you gave her some. This month you may have also been taken aback by the black eye and stitches across her face.

For years, Witter bedded down for the night at 13th and G streets NW, on the concrete in her blue sleeping bag, pulled up tight to keep the rats and cockroaches out. Her tower of three suitcases was stacked on her handcart and bike-locked to the patio chairs next to her.

She may have even told you that inside those bags is all the paperwork to prove the government owes her more than $100,000. And she was right.

“They kept thinking I was crazy, telling me to get rid of the suitcases,” said Witter, a former machinist from Corning, N.Y., who is divorced and the mother of four adult children.

“I knew, when I committed to homelessness, I had to be very careful about what I did. ‘Don’t do anything stupid,’ I told myself. Because they’ll think I’m a mental case,” she said.

She was right about that, too.

More than a dozen years passed before Witter finally met someone who didn’t think she was a nut job, who finally believed her — a social worker named Julie Turner.

Turner, who works for the Downtown Cluster of Congregations, got a call nine months ago from the Washington Legal Clinic for the Homeless asking whether she could assist Witter.

In fact, Turner had tried to help Witter once before when they met at a soup kitchen. Witter rejected her. This time, though, Turner, who also counsels the homeless vendors who sell the Street Sense newspaper, persuaded Witter to talk to her. Instead of dismissing the hard-edged homeless woman as crazy, Turner patiently waded through the contents of her bags with her.



Witter beds down outside the Au Bon Pain at 13th and G streets NW in Washington, where she was attacked two weeks ago. Her suitcases filled with paperwork are within arm’s reach. (Linda Davidson/The Washington Post)

“She had all the paperwork there, neatly organized, in order. She was right all along. They did owe her all that money,” marveled Turner, 56.

Witter should be getting her check from Social Security for $99,999 in the next few days, said her new attorney, Daniela de la Piedra, who specializes in Social Security disputes. That’s the largest amount that the Social Security Administration can cut to get her the money fast. She might be owed even more, which would be paid out later, once all the paperwork is done.

It will be the end of a long quest. Witter wandered the streets of the District for about 16 years, calling Social Security’s toll-free number, sending letters and trying to get someone to listen to her predicament.

[For D.C.’s desperate, a refuge from homelessness is about to disappear]

It started after she lost her job at an Ingersoll-Rand plant in Corning, where she made turbine and engine parts.

Witter moved in with a daughter who lived in Fort Carson, Colo., and started taking classes at Pikes Peak Community College. She graduated in three years and then went to paralegal school, where she earned her certificate.

She thought she could find work in the District so she moved, in about 1999.

“Washington was where all the lawyers were supposed to be,” she said.

But finding work wasn’t easy. Who wanted an unsmiling woman on her way to 70 who still carried herself like a machinist in the office? No one, it turned out. She got odd jobs stuffing envelopes or working in offices and ran out of money.

Meanwhile, the Social Security benefits Witter finally decided to draw in 2006 were all over the place. The amounts ranged from $900 to $300 a month, Witter said. And she wanted to know why. She called the agency and asked. No one had an answer.

Sick of the imprecision, she wrote “Void” across the payments and mailed them back, refusing to cash checks that she knew weren’t right.

Most folks running low on cash would have deposited those checks. But Witter is stubborn.

“If I just cashed them, who would believe me that they were wrong?” she explained.

When Witter’s daughters finally found her — she didn’t tell anyone where she was going — one of them drove to Washington and tried to get her to move in with her family.

“I told her I had business here, and I couldn’t leave until it was finished. I wasn’t going anywhere without the money they owe me,” she said. Eventually, the daughter bought her mom a cellphone and made her promise to stay in touch.



Witter watches as people travel along the cafe sidewalk where she has been sleeping on and off for years. (Linda Davidson/The Washington Post)

Too proud to tell relatives how dire her situation really was, Witter moved into a shelter, joining the approximately 3,600 homeless, single adults in Washington.

When she tried to resume getting the Social Security checks — even the ones that weren’t for the right amount — it didn’t work.

When you’re homeless, getting mail is difficult. The checks were returned to Social Security before they even got to Witter, said her lawyer, de la Piedra.

“She returned all these checks in ’06, returned all her checks in ’07, in ’08,” de la Piedra said. “Several checks came back as undeliverable, with no current address and no bank account. So by October, Social Security stopped sending checks to her. . . . They stopped contacting her.”

A spokeswoman for the Social Security Administration said the agency cannot comment on individual cases.

D.C. is dealing with a continuing homeless crisis that escalated in 2010 during the economic downturn and was made worse by a lack of affordable housing and rising real estate prices. Here are nine facts about being homeless in D.C. (Claritza Jimenez/The Washington Post)

At the shelters all those years, Witter tried to get someone to listen to her. She explained at different offices providing homeless services that those suitcases contained the evidence. She was owed money, lots of money, and she could prove it.

Witter is not a particularly warm or outgoing person. She isn’t rude, just direct. And suspicious of just about everyone. And obsessed with Social Security.

“They kept sending me to mental counselors. I wasn’t crazy. I wasn’t mentally ill,” she said.

After all those years, Turner listened.

[An affordable housing crisis with no end in sight]

“She needed economic help, not mental help,” Turner said. “That’s part of the problem with homelessness in D.C. So many cases are written off as being about mental illness. A lot of times, homelessness really is simply about economics.”

In May, Turner took Witter to Legal Counsel for the Elderly, which is affiliated with AARP. And there, de la Piedra went through all her paperwork, just as Turner had done.

Yes, de la Piedra concluded, this homeless woman is owed a bundle of money.

Witter didn’t smile.

It’s no secret that the Social Security Administration is understaffed. The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities said in a report that the administration’s budget has shrunk by 10 percent since 2010, while aging baby boomers have swollen its workload.

Last year the administration got 37 million phone calls for help and 41 million office visits. The average appointment wait time was three weeks, while more than a million cases for disability payments were backlogged, according to the report.

Taking on a behemoth government agency is a formidable task, even for someone as dogged as Witter. She would call, write letters, haul her luggage-cart rig with all the paperwork inside. The bureaucracy was impenetrable.

While Witter slept on cots and concrete, the amount she was owed grew to six figures, de la Piedra estimated.

In June, a Social Security official finally acknowledged the severity of her case and wrote Witter a check for $999 — the maximum allowed if it’s written on the spot, de la Piedra said.

Witter didn’t smile.

Witter opened an account and deposited the check. It was enough to get a good meal, some clothes. But Witter insisted on returning to her spot at 13th and G streets, too frugal to blow her money on a hotel. “You never know that the next check will come,” she said. “I don’t believe it.”

And then it happened. Years of being on the street, and she was attacked.

That block where doughnuts cost $30 a dozen is a different world at night. The homeless women who use the space across from Astro Doughnuts look out for each other. They bed down, claim their plot, then use the bathroom two blocks up at McDonald’s, one at a time, while guarding each other’s belongings. This is how Witter kept her suitcases safe all those years.

Two weeks ago, she confronted a homeless man digging through another woman’s belongings. He picked up the cafe chairs outside the Au Bon Pain and slammed the stack into Witter, giving her the black eye and cutting her face open.

“That money is coming,” she told herself while the doctor at the emergency room stitched her up.

The first full payment — the amount Witter was truly owed after all those years in the machine shop and, before that, behind a grocery store cash register — finally arrived last week. She got $1,464.



Social worker Julie Turner watches as Witter chooses a pillow for her new apartment on Capitol Hill. (Linda Davidson/The Washington Post)

Turner found Witter an apartment, a studio efficiency on Capitol Hill for $500 a month. Witter signed the lease and moved in with her little hand cart on Aug. 16.

She didn’t want to unpack those bags, and she wasn’t sure where she would sleep. On the floor under the window? Or on the floor by the closet?

Turner solved that, pulling up in front of the apartment building and unloading her car, packed with donations and things she brought from her own home.

A down comforter, fresh from the dry cleaner. Cups, glasses, a fuzzy bath mat. “Look, Wanda. Real silverware,” she said, waving a fork before putting it into a drawer.

Witter didn’t smile.

Turner brought an air mattress, the high-end kind with plush covering and its own pump.

“I don’t want this,” Witter said. “Years on the streets, my bones hurt. I want a real bed.”

“We’re going to get you a real bed, Wanda, but this is just a baby step,” Turner explained, on her hands and knees, inflating the mattress.

She took Witter to Walmart, where she used money given by a church to buy a small television and an antenna. “Five channels, Wanda!” No smile.

Witter spent $77 of her own money. She was most excited about the pillow she chose for its firmness. A little smile.

She won’t buy an air conditioner or a hot plate or anything more indulgent than that pillow and some necessities. She still has a hard time believing that the $100,000 will come.

The money is coming, de la Piedra tells Witter, almost daily.

Witter closed the shades on her little room, ready to spend her first night in a place she couldn’t comfortably call her own.

“I need my privacy now,” she said before her entourage of helpers left. No smile yet. Because she’s still waiting.



Witter draws the blinds at her new apartment in Southeast Washington. (Linda Davidson/The Washington Post)

Twitter: @petulad