Anderson RM, Hadjichrysanthou C, Evans S, Wong MM (2017) Why do so many clinical trials of therapies for Alzheimer's disease fail? Lancet 390(10110):2327–2329

Bachurin SO, Gavrilova SI, Samsonova A, Barreto GE, Aliev G (2018) Mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease: contemporary approaches to diagnostics and pharmacological intervention. Pharmacol Res 129:216–226

Bitterman KJ, Anderson RM, Cohen HY, Latorre-Esteves M, Sinclair DA (2002) Inhibition of silencing and accelerated aging by nicotinamide, a putative negative regulator of yeast sir2 and human SIRT1. J Biol Chem 277(47):45099–45107

Bogan KL, Brenner C (2008) Nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and nicotinamide riboside: a molecular evaluation of NAD+ precursor vitamins in human nutrition. Annu Rev Nutr 28:115–130

Braidy N, Berg J, Clement J, Khorshidi F, Poljak A, Jayasena T, Grant R, Sachdev P (2018) Role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and related precursors as therapeutic targets for age-related degenerative diseases: rationale, biochemistry, pharmacokinetics, and outcomes. Antioxid Redox Signal. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2017.7269

Canto C, Houtkooper RH, Pirinen E, Youn DY, Oosterveer MH, Cen Y, Fernandez-Marcos PJ, Yamamoto H, Andreux PA, Cettour-Rose P, Gademann K, Rinsch C, Schoonjans K, Sauve AA, Auwerx J (2012) The NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide riboside enhances oxidative metabolism and protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity. Cell Metab 15(6):838–847

Cummings J, Lee G, Ritter A, Zhong K (2018) Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2018. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 4:195–214

de Picciotto NE, Gano LB, Johnson LC, Martens CR, Sindler AL, Mills KF, Imai S, Seals DR (2016) Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation reverses vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress with aging in mice. Aging Cell 15(3):522–530

Di Stefano M, Nascimento-Ferreira I, Orsomando G, Mori V, Gilley J, Brown R, Janeckova L, Vargas ME, Worrell LA, Loreto A, Tickle J, Patrick J, Webster JR, Marangoni M, Carpi FM, Pucciarelli S, Rossi F, Meng W, Sagasti A, Ribchester RR, Magni G, Coleman MP, Conforti L (2015) A rise in NAD precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) after injury promotes axon degeneration. Cell Death Differ 22(5):731–742

Gesing J, Scheuermann K, Wagner IV, Loffler D, Friebe D, Kiess W, Schuster V, Korner A (2017) NAMPT serum levels are selectively elevated in acute infectious disease and in acute relapse of chronic inflammatory diseases in children. PLoS One 12(8):e0183027

Gong B, Pan Y, Vempati P, Zhao W, Knable L, Ho L, Wang J, Sastre M, Ono K, Sauve AA, Pasinetti GM (2013) Nicotinamide riboside restores cognition through an upregulation of proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha regulated beta-secretase 1 degradation and mitochondrial gene expression in Alzheimer's mouse models. Neurobiol Aging 34(6):1581–1588

Hou Y, Lautrup S, Cordonnier S, Wang Y, Croteau DL, Zavala E, Zhang Y, Moritoh K, O'Connell JF, Baptiste BA, Stevnsner TV, Mattson MP, Bohr VA (2018) NAD(+) supplementation normalizes key Alzheimer's features and DNA damage responses in a new AD mouse model with introduced DNA repair deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115(8):E1876–E1885

Imai S, Kiess W (2009) Therapeutic potential of SIRT1 and NAMPT-mediated NAD biosynthesis in type 2 diabetes. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 14:2983–2995

Johnson S, Imai SI (2018) NAD (+) biosynthesis, aging, and disease. F1000Res 7:132

Kirkland JB, Meyer-Ficca ML (2018) Niacin. Adv Food Nutr Res 83:83–149

Lagadec S, Rotureau L, Hemar A, Macrez N, Delcasso S, Jeantet Y, Cho YH (2012) Early temporal short-term memory deficits in double transgenic APP/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Aging 33(1):203. e201–203. e211

Lai W, Wu J, Zou X, Xie J, Zhang L, Zhao X, Zhao M, Wang Q, Ji J (2013) Secretome analyses of Abeta(1-42) stimulated hippocampal astrocytes reveal that CXCL10 is involved in astrocyte migration. J Proteome Res 12(2):832–843

Lao K, Ji N, Zhang X, Qiao W, Tang Z, Gou X (2018) Drug development for Alzheimer's disease: review. J Drug Target:1–10

Li C, Yan Y, Cheng J, Xiao G, Gu J, Zhang L, Yuan S, Wang J, Shen Y, Zhou YD (2016) Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency causes reduced exploratory behavior in mice under approach-avoidance conflict. Neurosci Bull 32(2):127–136

Li D, Zhang L, Huang X, Liu L, He Y, Xu L, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Wu L, Zhao Y, Wu K, Wu Y, Fan M, Zhu L (2017) WIP1 phosphatase plays a critical neuroprotective role in brain injury induced by high-altitude hypoxic inflammation. Neurosci Bull 33(3):292–298

Liu LY, Wang F, Zhang XY, Huang P, Lu YB, Wei EQ, Zhang WP (2012) Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase may be involved in age-related brain diseases. PLoS One 7(10):e44933

Liu D, Pitta M, Jiang H, Lee JH, Zhang G, Chen X, Kawamoto EM, Mattson MP (2013) Nicotinamide forestalls pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer mice: evidence for improved neuronal bioenergetics and autophagy procession. Neurobiol Aging 34(6):1564–1580

Long AN, Owens K, Schlappal AE, Kristian T, Fishman PS, Schuh RA (2015) Effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide on brain mitochondrial respiratory deficits in an Alzheimer's disease-relevant murine model. BMC Neurol 15:19

Martens CR, Denman BA, Mazzo MR, Armstrong ML, Reisdorph N, McQueen MB, Chonchol M, Seals DR (2018) Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD(+) in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nat Commun 9(1):1286

Mendelsohn AR, Larrick JW (2017) The NAD+/PARP1/SIRT1 Axis in aging. Rejuvenation Res 20(3):244–247

Montecucco F, Cea M, Cagnetta A, Damonte P, Nahimana A, Ballestrero A, Del Rio A, Bruzzone S, Nencioni A (2013) Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase as a target in inflammation- related disorders. Curr Top Med Chem 13(23):2930–2938

Moschen AR, Gerner RR, Tilg H (2010) Pre-B cell colony enhancing factor/NAMPT/visfatin in inflammation and obesity-related disorders. Curr Pharm Des 16(17):1913–1920

Mouchiroud L, Houtkooper RH, Auwerx J (2013) NAD(+) metabolism: a therapeutic target for age-related metabolic disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 48(4):397–408

Murchison CF, Zhang XY, Zhang WP, Ouyang M, Lee A, Thomas SA (2004) A distinct role for norepinephrine in memory retrieval. Cell 117(1):131–143

Rappou E, Jukarainen S, Rinnankoski-Tuikka R, Kaye S, Heinonen S, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom J, Lundbom N, Saunavaara V, Rissanen A, Virtanen KA, Pirinen E, Pietilainen KH (2016) Weight loss is associated with increased NAD(+)/SIRT1 expression but reduced PARP activity in white adipose tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(3):1263–1273

Ritter AM, Ames FQ, Otani F, de Oliveira RM, Cuman RK, Bersani-Amado CA (2014) Effects of anethole in nociception experimental models. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014:345829

Ruan Q, Ruan J, Zhang W, Qian F, Yu Z (2018) Targeting NAD(+) degradation: the therapeutic potential of flavonoids for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive frailty. Pharmacol Res 128:345–358

Ryu D, Zhang H, Ropelle ER, Sorrentino V, Mazala DA, Mouchiroud L, Marshall PL, Campbell MD, Ali AS, Knowels GM, Bellemin S, Iyer SR, Wang X, Gariani K, Sauve AA, Canto C, Conley KE, Walter L, Lovering RM, Chin ER, Jasmin BJ, Marcinek DJ, Menzies KJ, Auwerx J (2016) NAD+ repletion improves muscle function in muscular dystrophy and counters global PARylation. Sci Transl Med 8(361):361ra139

Sato S, Solanas G, Peixoto FO, Bee L, Symeonidi A, Schmidt MS, Brenner C, Masri S, Benitah SA, Sassone-Corsi P (2017) Circadian reprogramming in the liver identifies metabolic pathways of aging. Cell 170(4):664–677 e611

Schneider L (2017) Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: update on research. Lancet Neurol 16(1):4–5

Trammell SA, Schmidt MS, Weidemann BJ, Redpath P, Jaksch F, Dellinger RW, Li Z, Abel ED, Migaud ME, Brenner C (2016a) Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and humans. Nat Commun 7:12948

Trammell SA, Yu L, Redpath P, Migaud ME, Brenner C (2016b) Nicotinamide riboside is a major NAD+ precursor vitamin in cow Milk. J Nutr 146(5):957–963

Vaur P, Brugg B, Mericskay M, Li Z, Schmidt MS, Vivien D, Orset C, Jacotot E, Brenner C, Duplus E (2017) Nicotinamide riboside, a form of vitamin B3, protects against excitotoxicity-induced axonal degeneration. FASEB J 31(12):5440–5452

Wang X, Hu X, Yang Y, Takata T, Sakurai T (2016) Nicotinamide mononucleotide protects against beta-amyloid oligomer-induced cognitive impairment and neuronal death. Brain Res 1643:1–9

Xiao J, Huang Y, Li X, Li L, Yang T, Huang L, Yang L, Jiang H, Li H, Li F (2016) TNP-ATP is beneficial for treatment of neonatal hypoxia-induced Hypomyelination and cognitive decline. Neurosci Bull 32(1):99–107

Yan P, Bero AW, Cirrito JR, Xiao Q, Hu X, Wang Y, Gonzales E, Holtzman DM, Lee JM (2009) Characterizing the appearance and growth of amyloid plaques in APP/PS1 mice. J Neurosci 29(34):10706–10714

Yang L, Shi LJ, Tang B, Han QQ, Yu J, Wu GC, Zhang YQ (2016) Opposite sex contact and isolation: a novel depression/anxiety model. Neurosci Bull 32(1):92–98

Yoshino J, Baur JA, Imai SI (2018) NAD(+) intermediates: the biology and therapeutic potential of NMN and NR. Cell Metab 27(3):513–528

Zhang M, Ying W (2018) NAD(+) deficiency is a common central pathological factor of a number of diseases and aging: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Antioxid Redox Signal. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2017

Zhang Q, Wei EQ, Zhu CY, Zhang WP, Wang ML, Zhang SH, Yu YP, Chen Z (2006) Focal cerebral ischemia alters the spatio-temporal properties, but not the amount of activity in mice. Behav Brain Res 169(1):66–74

Zhang H, Ryu D, Wu Y, Gariani K, Wang X, Luan P, D'Amico D, Ropelle ER, Lutolf MP, Aebersold R, Schoonjans K, Menzies KJ, Auwerx J (2016) NAD(+) repletion improves mitochondrial and stem cell function and enhances life span in mice. Science 352(6292):1436–1443