Hundreds of millions of pounds in fees could be lost as foreign students cancel enrolment

British universities face a black hole of hundreds of millions of pounds in tuition fees from the impact of coronavirus as international students from China and other severely affected countries are forced to cancel or postpone enrolments.

Sources told the Guardian that most universities are planning for new students from China to delay entry until January next year, with online teaching offered. Exams, including English language tests required for visas and university admissions, have been cancelled in China, where 80,000 people have caught coronavirus.

In addition, university leaders report that Chinese and other international students are unhappy at the British government’s response to the outbreak, with some asking to suspend their studies, seek a refund and return home. Revelations about the funding deficit faced by universities came as:

The number of UK cases rose by 48 to 164 – the biggest single-day increase – with two British Airways baggage handlers testing positive.

A man in his 80s was confirmed as the second person to have died from the virus in Britain.

It emerged that emergency planners have drawn up proposals to deal with “excess deaths” of between 210,000 and 315,000 nationally over a 15-week period.

Face-to-face GP appointments are being replaced by phone or Skype consultations under new NHS plans, with some practices cancelling all in-person appointments.

The government asked supermarkets to step up home deliveries to help those self-isolating and said there was no need to stockpile food.

Measures under consideration for next week’s budget include short-term tax and VAT holidays for businesses affected by coronavirus and taxpayer support for small businesses whose employees self-isolate.

British universities increasingly rely on revenue from international tuition fees, with students from China providing the vast majority of growth. There are more than 120,000 students from China studying in the UK, as well as 17,000 from Hong Kong and Macau, and 8,000 from South Korea and Japan. A 10% fall in enrolments from those regions could cost higher education £200m or more in lost tuition fees alone.

Q&A How can I protect myself and others from the coronavirus outbreak? Show Hide The World Health Organization is recommending that people take simple precautions to reduce exposure to and transmission of the coronavirus, for which there is no specific cure or vaccine. The UN agency advises people to: Frequently wash their hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or warm water and soap

Cover their mouth and nose with a flexed elbow or tissue when sneezing or coughing

Avoid close contact with anyone who has a fever or cough

Seek early medical help if they have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, and share their travel history with healthcare providers

Advice about face masks varies. Wearing them while out and about may offer some protection against both spreading and catching the virus via coughs and sneezes, but it is not a cast-iron guarantee of protection Many countries are now enforcing or recommending curfews or lockdowns. Check with your local authorities for up-to-date information about the situation in your area. In the UK, NHS advice is that anyone with symptoms should stay at home for at least 7 days. If you live with other people, they should stay at home for at least 14 days, to avoid spreading the infection outside the home.

International student fees at British universities can range from £60,000 for MBAs at prestigious institutions such as Oxford’s Said Business School, to about £21,000 a year for a bachelor’s degree at University College London.

Vivienne Stern, director of Universities UK International (UUK), the umbrella group representing British universities, said: “Coronavirus is likely to have a significant impact on this year’s recruitment and admissions cycle for international students, including but not only from China.”

Stern said UUK was working with organisations such as the British Council, which administers English language tuition and testing in China and other affected countries such as Vietnam, and the government.

“Measures universities are considering will include greater use of online delivery and delayed start dates. Meanwhile we are engaging with government on a wide range of issues affecting the student recruitment, admissions and visa application cycle,” she said.

More than 90,000 new students from China, Hong Kong, South Korea and other affected countries had been expected to arrive on British campuses in September, but universities are braced for substantial numbers of current applicants being unable to travel or to pull out completely.

In that scenario, the UK economy would also stand to lose hundreds of millions pounds in lost revenue from spending by international students on accommodation, travel, entertainment and living expenses.

Helen Higson, provost and deputy vice-chancellor of Aston University, said the experience of Australia, where the academic year coincided with the beginning of the coronavirus crisis, suggested the impact would have “big implications” for the cash flow of some British universities.

“In order to address this, institutions are already trying to find ways round this, including more online delivery – if we can get over the issues of the Chinese firewalls – [and] moving start dates from September to January,” Higson said.

She added that universities were looking at lengthening their pre-sessional English programmes and putting in extra language support to help compensate for the difficulties students faced in taking the English language qualifications, called IELTS.

Since the outbreak began, the British Council has closed down IELTS testing in China and several other countries. Other test providers have also shut, while governments have closed schools and colleges.

“The health of our students, customers and colleagues is our priority throughout this rapidly evolving situation. We are responding in line with local government and health authority guidance, continuing to run exams as planned where it is possible to do so. In line with health authority guidance, all exams in China are cancelled until the end of March,” the British Council said.

The University of Oxford has advised applicants that it is monitoring the situation.

British universities already face uncertainty over links with the EU after Brexit, including continued membership of the mammoth Horizon Europe science funding programme and the Erasmus+ student exchange programme.

Higson said the differing approaches to dealing with coronavirus had to be addressed by universities to make international students more comfortable. “As the official advice from China is to use face masks, the official British advice to focus on hygiene and frequent washing of hands is interpreted by some of our Chinese students as not being strong enough and creates concern with our Chinese students about the official UK response to Covid-19. In turn, this is resulting in some of our Chinese students now believing that it might be safer to return to China rather than staying in the UK,” she said.

Students from China, Hong Kong and South Korea are particularly concentrated in a range of taught postgraduate courses, meaning some universities may be forced to cancel masters’ courses because of lack of student numbers.