1. Develop informed hypotheses before exploring solutions

It’s natural to begin the product development process with a great idea. And it can be motivating to start the ‘making’ part of the process in earnest. However, if the solution you’re excited to test is based only on assumptions — instead of hard-won insights — there’s a good chance you’ll waste effort fixing problems that don’t matter. Take the time to first assess what qualitative and quantitative insights you already have, and what knowledge gaps you need to close.

When we set out to help an e-commerce client improve their website conversion rate, our first instinct was to redesign the beginning of the flow. However, our analysis of the behavioral data indicated that drop-off was occurring at later steps, nearer to checkout. We used these insights to focus our hypotheses for funnel optimization in the right areas.

2. Use ethnography and experts to go deeper on the problem-space

Once knowledge gaps are identified, it’s easier to plot an effective research plan. User interviews are table stakes for any product development effort, but to truly identify neglected customer problems and challenge the team’s assumptions, it’s important to go deeper, particularly for specialized products. Ethnographic methods are critical for understanding the mental model of your users, and identifying pain-points that would otherwise remain overlooked. And interviewing experts can shorten the time it takes to get smart on a particular space.

When a leading beverage company wanted our help improving the digital sales tools used by its frontline reps, we sent our team out on weekly sales ride-alongs. We learned reps were using a patchwork of digital and analog tools to keep track of their clients’ needs, helping us create a more cohesive customer journey and a product with the right features in one place.

3. Focus on the ‘in-between’ parts of the experience

We’re often focused on the core part of the product experience — those key interactions that are essential to delivering customer and business value. But what happens before and after the core journey? And what about those critical ‘in-between’ moments of transition — from digital to physical touchpoint, for example, or from one digital service to another? The promise of frictionless design often breaks down in these areas. Plotting the end-to-end customer journey can help surface customer pain-points that too often slip through the cracks.

The convenience of digital order ahead is a big value add for restaurant customers, but it can impact the in-store experience in unexpected ways. To help one of our fast casual clients, we plotted the current-state customer journey and identified a host of problems during food pick-up, which were caused by breakdowns in digital and in-store messaging.

4. Treat employee pain-points like customer pain-points

The customer is always the main protagonist. But they aren’t the only cast member. In any product experience, crucial supporting roles are played by a host of company employees. That means it’s important to understand, and solve for, the employee pain-points that stand in the way of best-in-class service. Applying the same research methods to the operations side of the business can help teams identify the neglected needs of employees.

For our client, a major U.S. stadium, lengthy pick-up times were a big problem for customers ordering food at concession stands. To solve it, we set out to understand the employee workflow, identifying pain-points around handling multiple food orders at once. We built and tested a user-friendly order terminal for employees, which reduced customer wait time by 52%.

5. Pressure test solutions before launching them

Prototyping has by now become a core methodology in the product development toolkit. But we predict pressure testing will soon set a new industry standard, particularly for enterprise-level products that marry digital and physical experiences. Pressure testing entails the re-creation of realistic product usage conditions in a lab environment, helping teams identify customer problems in those tricky ‘in-between’ parts of the service journey, including pain-points that arise with technical performance issues — all before bringing a product to market.

We pressure tested our design of a new front desk experience for a major gym chain in our lab environment. This entailed running realistic ‘peak-time’ scenarios, with over 40 research participants entering the front desk area to carry out an array of tasks. We identified key operational and customer pain-points through this effort, which we solved in later iterations.

6. Live the product

Necessity is the mother of invention, and it’s no wonder the best solutions are often built by those who experience a problem firsthand. It’s therefore critical that product teams not only empathize with users through research, but also routinely step into their shoes. This means teams should regularly use the products they’ve launched where possible, developing a first-person perspective of customer problems and frustrations. This method can be a powerful tool for developing informed hypotheses for optimizing the product and solving customer needs.