While McDonald’s products are made in Russia, the company’s American identity is lost on few politicians here. When the chain shut down its three restaurants in Crimea after Russia’s annexation of the peninsula in March, some Russian lawmakers called for McDonald’s to be banned throughout the country, where there are more than 400 restaurants, according to the company’s Russian website.

In the past, the discussion over diet has even waxed philosophical. In 2012, the country’s chief sanitary officer, Gennady Onishchenko, used the disputed discovery of a worm in a McDonald’s lunch to deliver a sweeping rejection of all burgers.

“This is not our food,” he said at the time.

Rospotrebnadzor’s complaints, however, were more concrete. The agency claimed that McDonald’s had misrepresented the nutritional values of its hamburgers and ice cream products, and said that in one restaurant inspected in May, traces of E. coli had been detected.

A McDonald’s representative, Nina Prasolova, said in an email that the company had not received an official complaint from either the court or Rospotrebnadzor, and that the nutritional information of its food was “based on the methodology approved by the Food Institute of the Russian Federation.” Ms. Prasolova did not return emails asking about the sanitary inspections.

Ms. Korotova would not comment on whether the court could temporarily close McDonald’s restaurants in the country, citing only Rospotrebnadzor’s demand for the court to “halt McDonald’s illegal activity.” A hearing is planned for Aug. 13.