New York state Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos and his son were arrested and charged Monday in a wide-ranging criminal conspiracy to profit from the senator’s political power, marking the latest federal corruption allegations to buffet Albany and threatening another leadership shake-up in the Capitol.

The 43-page criminal complaint released by the U.S. attorney’s office in Manhattan charged Mr. Skelos, the state’s highest-ranking Republican, and his son, Adam Skelos, with two counts of conspiracy, two counts of extortion and two counts of solicitation of bribes and gratuities.

The complaint describes an alleged scheme to extort businesses for money to benefit the senator’s son, with the expectation that the payments would influence the senator’s official actions. It also alleges both men went to great lengths to conceal their activity, including using coded language and a so-called burner phone.

“I know that I will be found not only not guilty, but innocent,” the 67-year-old senator from Long Island said after he and his son emerged from court Monday afternoon. “I will be found innocent and my son will.”

Adam Skelos, 32, didn’t comment. His attorney said his client “is not guilty of these charges and looks forward to fighting them in the courtroom.”