• V. Bharadwaja, “Rationality, Argumentation and Philosophical Embarrassment: a Study of Four Logical Alternatives (Catuṣkoṭi) in Buddhist Logic,” Philosophy East and West 34 (1984), 303–19.

• B. Galloway, “Some Logical Issues in Madhyamaka Thought,” Journal of Indian Philosophy 17 (1989), 1–35.

• K.N. Jayatilleke, “The Logic of Four Alternatives,” Philosophy East and West 17 (1967), 69–83.

• R. Robinson, “Some Logical Aspects of Nāgārjuna’s System,” Philosophy East and West 6 (1957), 291–308.

• D.S. Ruegg, “The Uses of The Four Positions of the Catuṣkoṭi and The Problem of The Description of Reality in Mahāyāna Buddhism,” Journal of Indian Philosophy 5 (1977), 1–71.

• T.E. Wood, Nāgārjunian Disputations (Honolulu: 1994).