Most companies support loosening the country’s tight immigration system to cope with a severe labor shortage, but they favor skilled workers who can fit into the workplace, not an influx of unskilled laborers, a poll shows.

The labor market in fast-aging Japan is its tightest in nearly half a century and the government has cracked open the door to allow foreigners to work in such areas as farming, car factories and convenience stores.

But in a society that has long prized its homogeneity, the government is adamant these steps do not amount to open immigration.

The Reuters Corporate Survey found that firms make a distinction between foreigners allowed to work because they pass suitability tests, and unskilled immigrants.

The government in June unveiled plans to allow five-year work permits for foreigners in certain categories. Authorities are also considering allowing foreign workers who pass certain tests to stay indefinitely and bring their families — major changes for the country.

The monthly poll found 57 percent of big and midsized firms employ foreigners and 60 percent favor a more open immigration system. But just 38 percent favored allowing unskilled workers into the country to ease labor shortages.

“Overall, Japanese firms remain cautious about accepting foreign workers,” said Yoshiyuki Suimon, senior economist at Nomura Securities, who reviewed the survey results.

“They are aware of the need to accept immigrants in the long run, but for now they are trying to cope with labor shortages through investment in automation and labor-saving technology. Restaurants and retailers are also making active use of foreign students” who are permitted to work 28 hours a week, he said.

The poll, conducted by Nikkei Research between Aug. 1 and Aug. 14, canvassed 483 businesses with capital of at least ¥1 billion ($9 million). The managers responded anonymously.

While some companies saw unskilled foreign workers as a source of cheap labor, others fretted about the cost to their businesses of educating and managing them, citing cultural and language barriers.

The number of foreigners nationwide has more than doubled in the past decade to 1.3 million, but that remains below 2 percent of the total labor force, compared to 10 percent in Britain, 38 percent in Singapore and 2 percent in South Korea.

Some respondents expressed concerns that opening the doors to foreign workers would be a threat to public safety and social stability, some citing Europe where attitudes towards immigration have hardened, and would increase welfare costs.

“Foreign employees at our company are engineers who graduated from Japanese universities,” a manager at an electrical-machinery company, who responded to the survey, said.

“These employees are white-collar workers who speak Japanese and have studied the theory of technology at university,” said the manager. “We will consider accepting such white-collar workers. There’s no room for unskilled foreigners at our company.”

The survey result suggested companies are slightly more receptive to foreigners than in a March 2017 poll, with those employing foreigners rising by 5 percentage points to 57 percent and those willing to hire unskilled foreigners increasing 4 percentage points to 38 percent.

KEYWORDS immigration, economy, depopulation