Auvert, B., Taljaard, D., Lagarde, E., Sobngwi-Tambekou, J., Sitta, M., & Puren, A. (2005). Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: The ANRS 1265 trial. Plos Medicine, 2, 1112–1122.

Bailey, R. C., Moses, S., Parker, C. B., Agot, K., Maclean, I., Krieger, J. N., et al. (2007). Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 369, 643–656.

Bailey, R. C., Plummer, F. A., & Moses, S. (2001). Male circumcision and HIV prevention: Current knowledge and future research directions. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 1, 223–231.

Bongaarts, J., Reining, P., Way, P., & Conant, F. (1989). The relationship between male circumcision and HIV infection in African populations. AIDS, 3, 373–377.

Connor, R. (2006). Sensitivity of non-clade B primary HIV-1 isolates to mildly acidic pH. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 43, 499–501.

Drain, P. K., Halperin, D. T., Hughes, J. P., Klausner, J. D., & Bailey, R. C. (2006). Male circumcision, religion, and infectious diseases: An ecologic analysis of 118 developing countries. BMC Infectious Diseases, 6, 1–10.

Elford, J., Bolding, G., Davis, M., Sherr, L., & Hart, G. (2004). Trends in sexual behaviour among London homosexual men 1998–2003: Implications for HIV prevention and sexual health promotion. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 80, 451–454.

Elford, J., Bolding, G., & Sherr, L. (2002). High-risk sexual behaviour increases among London gay men between 1998 and 2001: What is the role of HIV optimism? AIDS, 16, 1537–1544.

Elford, J., Doerner, R., McKeown, E., Nelson, S., Anderson, J., & Low, N. (2012). HIV infection among ethnic minority and migrant MSM in Britain. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 39, 678–786.

Elford, J., McKeown, E., Doerner, R., Nelson, S., Low, N., & Anderson, J. (2010). Sexual health of ethnic minority MSM in Britain (MESH project): Design and methods. BMC Public Health, 10, 419. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-419.

Elford, J., McKeown, E., Nelson, S., Low, N., & Anderson, J. (2008). Circumcision status and HIV infection in a diverse sample of MSM in Britain. Paper presented at the XII International AIDS Conference, Mexico City, Mexico.

Evans, A. R., Hart, G. J., Mole, R., Mercer, C. H., Parutis, V., Gerry, C. J., et al. (2011). Central and Eastern European migrant men who have sex with men: An exploration of sexual risk in the UK. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 87, 325–330.

Gray, R. H., Kigozi, G., Serwadda, D., Makumbi, F., Watya, S., Nalugoda, F., et al. (2007). Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: A randomised trial. Lancet, 369, 657–666.

Gust, D. A., Wiegand, R. E., Kretsinger, K., Sansom, S., Kilmarx, P. H., Bartholow, B. N., et al. (2010). Circumcision status and HIV infection among MSM: Reanalysis of a Phase III HIV vaccine clinical trial. AIDS, 24, 1135–1143.

Health Protection Agency. (2011). HIV in the United Kingdom: 2011 Report. London: Health Protection Services.

Hickson, F., Reid, D., Weatherburn, P., Stephens, M., Nutland, W., & Boakye, P. (2004). HIV, sexual risk, and ethnicity among men in England who have sex with men. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 80, 443–450.

Jameson, D. R., Celum, C. L., Manhart, L., Menza, T. W., & Golden, M. R. (2010). The association between lack of circumcision and HIV, HSV-2, and other sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 37, 147–152.

Jin, F., Prestage, G. P., Kippax, S. C., Pell, C. M., Donovan, B. J., Kaldor, J. M., et al. (2005). Epidemic syphilis among homosexually active men in Sydney. Medical Journal of Australia, 83, 179–183.

Kreiss, J. K., & Hopkins, S. G. (1993). The association between circumcision status and human immunodeficiency virus infection among homosexual men. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 168, 1404–1408.

Lane, T., Raymond, H. F., Dladla, S., Rasethe, J., Struthers, H., McFarland, W., et al. (2009). High HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Soweto, South Africa: Results from the Soweto Men’s Study. AIDS and Behavior, 15, 626–634.

McDaid, L. M., Weiss, H. A., & Hart, G. J. (2010). Circumcision among men who have sex with men in Scotland: Limited potential for HIV prevention. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 86, 404–406.

Millett, G. A., Ding, H., Lauby, J., Flores, S., Stueve, A., Bingham, T., et al. (2007). Circumcision status and HIV infection among Black and Latino men who have sex with men in 3 US cities. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 46, 643–650.

Mor, Z., Kent, C. K., Kohn, R. P., & Klausner, J. D. (2007). Declining rates in male circumcision amidst increasing evidence of its public health benefit. PLoS ONE, 2, e861. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000861.

Moses, S., Bradley, J. E., Nagelkerke, N. J., Ronald, A. R., Ndinya-Achola, J. O., & Plummer, F. A. (1990). Geographical patterns of male circumcision practices in Africa: Association with HIV sero-prevalence. International Journal of Epidemiology, 19, 693–697.

Ongradi, J., Ceccherini-Nelli, L., Pistello, M., Specter, S., & Bendinelli, M. (1990). Acid sensitivity of cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1: Clinical implications. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 6, 1433–1436.

Reisen, C. A., Zea, M. C., Poppen, P. J., & Bianchi, F. T. (2007). Male circumcision and HIV status among Latino immigrant MSM in New York City. Journal of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Health Research, 3, 29–36.

Rickwood, A. M. K., & Walker, J. (1989). Is phimosis overdiagnosed in boys and are too many circumcisions performed in consequence? Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 71, 275–277.

Sanchez, J., Sal y Rosas, V. G., Hughes, J. P., Baeten, J. M., Fuchs, J., Buchbinder, S. P., et al. (2011). Male circumcision and risk of HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men. AIDS, 25, 519–523.

Tabet, S., Sanchez, J., Lama, J., Goicochea, P., Campos, P., Rouillon, M., et al. (2002). HIV, syphilis and heterosexual bridging among Peruvian men who have sex with men. AIDS, 16, 1271–1277.

Templeton, D. J., Jin, F., Mao, L., Prestage, G. P., Donovan, B., Imrie, J., et al. (2009a). Circumcision and risk of HIV infection in Australian homosexual men. AIDS, 23, 2347–2351.

Templeton, D. J., Jin, F., Prestage, G. P., Donovan, B., Imrie, J. C., Kippax, S. C., et al. (2009b). Circumcision and risk of sexually transmissible infections in a community-based cohort of HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney, Australia. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 200, 1813–1819.

Templeton, D. J., Mao, L., Prestage, G. P., Jin, F., Kaldor, J. M., & Grulich, A. (2008). Self-report is a valid measure of circumcision status in homosexual men. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 84, 187–188.

Thornton, A., Lattimore, S., Delpech, V., Weiss, H. A., & Elford, J. (2011). Circumcision among men who have sex with men in London, United Kingdom: An unlikely strategy for HIV prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 38, 928–931.