PRAGUE — The Czech Parliament rejected the minority government of Prime Minister Andrej Babis in a no-confidence vote on Tuesday, a move that is likely to prompt weeks, if not months, of further political wrangling.

In the meantime, the minority cabinet, made up of members of Mr. Babis’s party and affiliated experts, will continue to lead the country while Mr. Babis attempts to form another cabinet that would be acceptable to Parliament.

In Eastern Europe, resentment of Brussels and resistance to immigration have helped propel populist parties to power in several countries, notably Hungary and Poland. But the rise of the right there, in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia has also been driven by a variety of domestic issues.

Mr. Babis, a billionaire anti-establishment candidate who vowed during the campaign to fight corruption and introduce economic overhauls, is a polarizing figure. His political positions are hard to pin down, but they are tinged with populist rhetoric.