People in China must have their faces scanned when they buy a new mobile phone or internet data services in what is being seen as part of increasing efforts by the state to monitor its citizens.

The new regulation, due to come into effect on Sunday, has prompted rising concerns over privacy, with hundreds of social media users expressing fears about the increasing amount of data being held.

Phone and data buyers will have their photograph taken, which will be checked against identity information held on them online for a match.

Residents are also being banned from transferring their mobile numbers to other people.

The government says it wants to “safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens in the cyberspace” and to control phone and online fraud for China’s 854 million internet users, most of whom access the web via their phones.

Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China Show all 20 1 /20 Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China An employee enters a train in the Huawei's Ox Horn campus at Songshan Lake in Dongguan Reuters Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China A worker cleans a waterway as office buildings are seen at Huawei's new Ox Horn Research and Development campus in Dongguan, near shenzen Getty Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China An area of Huawei's Ox Horn campus modelled after Cesky Krumlov in Czech Republic Getty Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China The real Cesky Krumlov in Czech Republic Getty Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China Employees sleep in their cubicle in the research and development area after lunch at the Bantian campus in Shenzhen Getty Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China An area of Huawei's Ox Horn campus modelled after Heidelberg in Germany Getty Images Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China Employees play basketball on a court within the staff housing complex at the end of the workday at the Bantian campus in Shenzhen Getty Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China A replica of the Karl Theodor Bridge in Huawei's Ox Horn campus Getty Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China The real Karl Theodor Bridge in Heidelberg, Germany Getty Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China Huawei's Ox Horn campus at Songshan Lake in Dongguan Reuters Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China Employees ride the bus home at the end of the workday from the company's Bantian campus in Shenzhen Getty Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China Huawei workers eat their subsidised lunch in one of many large cafeterias at the company's Bantian campus in Shenzhen Getty Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China Reception staff walk in front of a large screen showcasing different technologies in the foyer of a building used for high profile customer visits at the campus in Shenzen Getty Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China An employee reads in the staff library on a break at the company's Bantian campus in Shenzhen Getty Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China An area of Huawei's new Ox Horn campus modelled after a European City Getty Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China Servers are seen inside Huawei's factory campus in Dongguan Reuters Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China The conductor waits for a train in the Huawei's Ox Horn campus at Songshan Lake in Dongguan Reuters Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China A general view shows the research and development centre at Huawei's Ox Horn campus AFP/Getty Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China Employees works on a mobile phone production line at Huawei's factory campus in Dongguan Reuters Inside Huawei's new campus for workers in China An office building on the Huawei campus in Dongguan AFP/Getty

But Jeffrey Ding, a researcher on Chinese artificial intelligence at Oxford University, told the BBC that a likely motivation was to better track the population.

“It’s connected to a very centralised push to try to keep tabs on everyone, or that’s at least the ambition,” he said.

“People are being more and more strictly monitored,” one user of the Sina Weibo website said. “What are they [the government] afraid of?”

Many others complained that China had already seen too many data breaches. “Before, thieves knew what your name was; in future they’ll know what you’ll look like,” said one user, receiving more than 1,000 likes.

“Control, and then more control,” another posted.

One user said they often received scam calls from people who knew their name and address, and asked: “Will they be able to tell what I look like now?”

But some were more supportive of the new rule, saying it was simply “technological progress”.

The government is developing a “social credit” a vast ranking system of all the country’s 1.4 billion citizens on their behaviour and loyalty to the Communist party.

The plan, which has already started in some cities, leads to lower scores for blocking the pavement, fare evasion, and even loitering. Punishments for having a low social credit score include being banned from public transport, having your internet speed cut and being publicly shamed.

In 2013 mobile phone users started having to have a national identity check and photo taken to get a new number. The new facial-recognition step will match the photo against the person’s stored ID.

Many countries require some form of ID to sign up for mobile phone contracts but the facial-recognition requirement seems to be a first.

In 2017 China had about 170 million CCTV cameras across the country with the goal of installing an estimated 400 million more by next year.