The dispute between the U.S. and China over trade deficits and surpluses is rather trivial compared to the broader philosophical differences between the world's two biggest economic superpowers, Bridgewater Associates founder Ray Dalio told CNBC on Thursday.

"The trade war, I think, can be worked out," the billionaire investor Dalio said in a "Squawk Box" interview on CNBC. But he argued the conflict goes "way beyond the trade war."

Dalio, co-CIO and co-chairman at Bridgewater, said the two nations' polar opposite methods of governing is the broader, more difficult issue to reconcile. "It goes back to Confucius in 500 B.C.," he said.

"It's basically a top-down versus a bottom-up type of approach," said Dalio, whose China unit of Bridgewater last month launched its first onshore Chinese investment fund.

"When you look at the 2025 plan in China, the government believes that they should have a plan for making China great" and will coordinate all aspects of public and private enterprise to achieve their goals, he said. "That type of activity is objectionable to the United States" in its free market economy.

The China 2025 plan is a state-backed industrial policy that's provoked alarm in the West, and is core to Washington's complaints about Beijing's technological ambitions.

Dalio appeared on CNBC from the Greenwich Economic Forum in Connecticut where he later spoke to the elite gathering of investment thought leaders.

On stage, he expanded on his thoughts on the U.S.-China rivalry.

"History has shown there's a concept called the 'Thucydides Trap,'" he said. "The idea is that, when you have an emerging country that's a competitive country, competing with an existing power, there is a risk of conflict."

"In the last 500 years, 16 times that's happened. And in 12 of those times, there's war," said Dalio, in a cautionary tone, while reiterating his belief that the narrow trade dispute between the U.S. and China can be worked out.

A step towards a trade deal could start with a meeting between President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping around the summit of the Group of 20 leaders later this month in Argentina.

Alleging a myriad of unfair trade practices, Trump initiated tariffs in March to pressure China to change its ways.

In September, the White House imposed its latest round of levies focused on $200 billion of Chinese products. In response, China put tariffs on $60 billion of U.S. goods.

Trump has also threatened additional tariffs of $267 billion, which would basically cover the rest of all Chinese imports into the U.S.

— CNBC's Fred Imbert contributed to this report.