Boeing Co. ’s biggest union filed with the National Labor Relations Board for a vote on unionizing 2,400 workers at Boeing’s South Carolina plant, a move that could stoke new tension in the aerospace company’s long-standing battle with organized labor.

The NLRB would need to review Monday’s filing by the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers to determine whether the requirements for a unionization vote have been met. A spokesman for the IAM said the agency would set a date for any election after that review.

The vote plan is the latest round in years of battling over the plant in North Charleston, S.C., Boeing’s first nonunion plant for commercial jet assembly, which the company selected nearly six years ago after several strikes by workers at its main manufacturing base in Washington state.

The IAM said the central concerns of the staff at the South Carolina plant, which makes and assembles major parts of Boeing’s long-range 787 Dreamliner, include mandatory overtime, fair wages and “lack of respect on the shop floor.” The site has struggled to achieve a regular production tempo and Boeing has increased overtime to get caught up.

Boeing said the vote is a decision for employees on whether to “turn over their rights to the IAM or keep a direct relationship with the company.” Boeing said it has established a website, a Facebook page and other outlets to give employees its views on the IAM’s efforts. The IAM has launched its own social-media efforts as well.