In endoscopic DCR group, out of 23 cases 25 cases (92%) demonstrated primary surgical success which is defined as decreased or absent epiphora and adequately patent lacrimal system in the 1st month of follow-up period.

Thirteen patients had medial telecanthal deformities and lacrimal system obstruction in the right eye; nine patients were in the left eye.

Of the 4 patients whose mass was located in the upper eyelid/medial canthal region, lacrimal system involvement was discovered intraoperatively in 1 patient and the excision area was expanded to include the lacrimal sac and canaliculi.

Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) is a surgical method that involves bypassing the upper lacrimal system and creating a new drainage system between the conjunctiva and the nasal cavity by a tear drainage tube in patients with total upper lacrimal system obstruction or damage.

Lacrimal system reconstruction was not performed in any of the patients.

A review of the normal anatomy of the lacrimal system is helpful (Figure 1).

Some conditions may affect the secretion of the lacrimal system and promote qualitative and quantitative alterations in tear films (DAVIDSON & KUONEN, 2004).

Ophthalmology deals with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways, including the eye, brain and areas surrounding the eye, such as the lacrimal system and eyelids.

These techniques have enabled precise visualization and objective assessments of anterior segment structures; thus, these devices have become essential tools for better diagnosis and treatment of anterior segment diseases including corneal disorders, cataract, glaucoma, and even disorders of the lacrimal system . Future development of novel modalities, that is, en face OCT or ultrahigh-resolution OCT, is expected to allow more detailed visualization at a microscopic level, which would provide even more understanding of anterior segment pathology at a cellular level.

There is a subgroup of patients with epiphora exhibiting decreased tear drainage and increased tear line associated with normal pump function and a patent lacrimal system on nasolacrimal irrigation.

Following induction of anaesthesia, the upper and lower puncti were dilated and the lacrimal system probed using '0' or '00' gauge bowman probe.