The Turkish government unveiled a plan on Wednesday to help the country’s banks survive an epidemic of bad loans, but it dashed hopes for more sweeping measures to address an economic downturn that has become a threat to President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s hold on power.

Under the proposal, which the government described as a comprehensive plan for the economy, state-owned banks will receive $5 billion in aid, about a third of the total amount of bad loans, according to official figures.

But economists said the blueprint, which was presented by Berat Albayrak, the minister of treasury and finance, who is also Mr. Erdogan’s son-in-law, seemed designed mostly to protect Mr. Erdogan’s allies in the construction and energy sectors. The plan offered only bromides in response to a deepening recession, double-digit unemployment and prices rising at a 20 percent clip.

The teetering economy helped cost the president’s party its control of Ankara in local elections last month, and delivered a victory to opposition parties in Istanbul, although Mr. Erdogan is challenging the results.