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Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky has been doing his best to differentiate himself from fellow Republicans who are running for president and, on Wednesday, he ratcheted up his talking points by holding foreign policy hawks in his own party responsible for the growing strength of Islamic State militants.

Asked whether he was concerned that a potential rival for the nomination such as Senator Lindsey Graham would target him for being an isolationist on international affairs, Mr. Paul said that people like Mr. Graham helped add to the chaos in the Middle East.

“ISIS exists and grew stronger because of the hawks in our party who gave arms indiscriminately, and most these arms were snatched up by ISIS,” Mr. Paul said on MSNBC’s “Morning Joe.”

Mr. Paul’s comments are likely to anger many Republicans and come at a time when responsibility for the Islamic State is a matter of debate. This month, a college student in Nevada told former Gov. Jeb Bush that President George W. Bush, his brother, created ISIS.

Mr. Paul also sought to tie Republicans to the policies Hillary Rodham Clinton promoted as secretary of state.

“ISIS is all over Libya because these same hawks in my party loved Hillary Clinton’s war in Libya, they just wanted more of it,” he said. “Libya is a failed state. It’s a disaster.”

Mr. Paul has been critical of Mr. Graham and his close friend Senator John McCain in the past and recently called them “lap dogs” of President Obama’s foreign policy. He doubled down on that sentiment on Wednesday, saying that they have been wrong on everything regarding foreign policy in the last 20 years.

“And yet somehow they have the gall to be saying and pointing fingers otherwise,” Mr. Paul said.