BERLIN (Reuters) - She has not faced a credible challenge to her rule as German chancellor for more than 12 years. Now, members of Angela Merkel’s conservatives are starting to look ahead to potential alternatives to lead their party and country.

FILE PHOTO: Leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the acting German Chancellor Angela Merkel delivers a speech before exploratory talks about forming a new coalition government at the SPD headquarters in Berlin, Germany, January 7, 2018. REUTERS/Hannibal Hanschke

Merkel’s immediate fate depends on the Social Democratic Party (SPD), which votes on Sunday on whether their leaders should pursue coalition negotiations with her Christian Democrats after striking a preliminary deal last week.

A “no” vote could force fresh elections as well as renewed debate on the issue of succession.

Interviews by Reuters with more than a dozen party lawmakers indicate that the coalition talks have brought pressure from Merkel’s party for new faces to be included in the next cabinet and prompted early conversations on a succession plan.

“We need to talk about how the Union can renew itself,” said Paul Ziemiak, who chairs the youth wing of the Union of Merkel’s Christian Democrats (CDU) and the Christian Social Union (CSU), which run together in national elections on the same ticket.

Merkel herself decided to seek a fourth term only after long reflection, and said in November 2016 she was seeking to stay on “if health allows”. In 1998 she was quoted as saying: “I don’t want to be a half-dead wreck when I leave politics.” On the other hand, she has not ruled out running for a 5th term.

The departure of Merkel, whose time in office has overlapped with four French presidents and four British prime ministers, risks creating a leadership vacuum in the European Union at a critical and uncertain time.

To smooth the transition, many in the CDU favor the idea of a gradual transition. That could involve handing the party chairmanship over first.

Others want Merkel to go sooner, however, frustrated with her handling of the refugee crisis, which hurt the party in Sept. 24’s national election. Lamenting their loss of support to the far right, they complain she lacks the common touch.

One CDU lawmaker, who admired Merkel’s mastery of detail but complained she lacks empathy, said that handing over the chancellorship early would strengthen her successor and the party in the next election, due in 2021.

“Tactically, a chancellor has an incumbency advantage. That means there could be a change within the legislative period,” the lawmaker said.

SUPERCHARGED DEBATE

The succession debate has been supercharged by the inclusion of a clause in the preliminary coalition deal with the SPD that envisages a review of the next government’s progress after two years to assess whether any changes to its mission are needed.

“A good time for Merkel to resign,” one CDU lawmaker, speaking on condition of anonymity, said of the review.

The risk of a handover at that point is that the SPD, if it agrees to govern with the conservatives, could pull the plug on the coalition and force fresh elections. But the situation also could come to a head far sooner.

Sunday’s SPD vote is an immediate hurdle. If fresh elections are held, a small minority of lawmakers on the right of the CDU and in the CSU hope she would not run again for chancellor, according to those who spoke to Reuters.

Others reject this idea.

“We are not of the view that if the SPD votes ‘no’ on Sunday, that this is the fault of the Union or the chancellor,” said Detlef Seif, deputy EU spokesman for Merkel’s conservative parliamentary bloc.

Merkel has said she would run again for chancellor in the event of new elections. Voters still respect her, polls show.

A Forsa poll published on Thursday showed support for Merkel’s CDU/CSU bloc rose to 34 percent, slightly above its election result of 32.9 percent. Support for the SPD slipped to 18 percent, below the 20.5 percent it achieved in the election.

Many conservatives favor an orderly transition.

“I think a sensible succession arrangement must be found within the Union, but not at the moment given all that the chancellor has achieved, and not in the middle of a legislative period,” said Seif.

One way, discussed by some other CDU lawmakers, of achieving an orderly handover would see Merkel relinquish the CDU party chair to a designated successor in 2020 while remaining chancellor, a scenario which would allow the person to raise their profile.

Merkel has in the past said she believes the party chair and chancellorship should be held by the same person.

The CDU botched its last leadership handover.

Late chancellor Helmut Kohl handed over the chairmanship to Wolfgang Schaeuble after his defeat at the 1998 election, only for them both to be compromised by a party funding scandal. Merkel then took over as leader, calling for a new start.

Schaeuble, highly respected by conservatives for imposing fiscal discipline on the euro zone during his time as finance minister, is perhaps the only CDU figure who could lead a putsch to oust Merkel. A trusted, if awkward, ally for Merkel, he is unlikely to do so.

Younger contenders are circling, notably deputy finance minister Jens Spahn.

“Germans love orderly processes, but when it comes to handing over the chancellorship it doesn’t happen,” said Carsten Nickel at advisory firm Teneo Intelligence. “I think there will be a lot of movement in the CDU in the next four years.”