The government has quietly published an ambitious plan for how it will revolutionise UK transport to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fight the climate crisis.

The report comes in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic and has appeared on the Department for Transport website without any fanfare.

But its aims have been described as “unprecedented” and campaigners have said it “pulls no punches” in its assessment of where the UK is and where it needs to be to improve health and make daily life more efficient.

At the core of the report is the recognition that the UK must act decisively to reduce its emissions, and instead of depending on cars to the extent we do now, the government must deliver policies making walking, cycling and public transport our main means of travel.

In his introduction to the report, transport minister Grant Shapps said: “Public transport and active travel will be the natural first choice for our daily activities. We will use our cars less and be able to rely on a convenient, cost-effective and coherent public transport network.”

Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Show all 20 1 / 20 Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures California In this decade, humans have become ever more aware of climate change. Calls for leaders to act echo around the globe as the signs of a changing climate become ever more difficult to ignore Getty Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Athens, Greece Fierce wildfires have flared up in numerous countries. The damage being caused is unprecedented: 103 people were killed in wildfires last year in California, one of the places best prepared, best equipped to fight such blazes in the world AFP/Getty Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Redding, California Entire towns have been razed. The towns of Redding and Paradise in California were all but eliminated in the 2018 season AP Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Athens, Greece While wildfires in Greece (pictured), Australia, Indonesia and many other countries have wrought chaos to infrastructure, economies and cost lives AFP/Getty Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Carlisle, England In Britain, flooding has become commonplace. Extreme downpours in Carlisle in the winter of 2015 saw the previous record flood level being eclipsed by two feet AFP/Getty Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Hebden Bridge, England Hebden Bridge in West Yorkshire has flooded repeatedly in the past decade, with the worst coming on Christmas Day 2015. Toby Smith of Climate Visuals, an organisation focused on improving how climate change is depicted in the media, says: "Extreme weather and flooding, has and will become more frequent due to climate change. An increase in the severity and distribution of press images, reports and media coverage across the nation has localised the issue. It has raised our emotions, perception and personalised the effects and hazards of climate change." Getty Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Somerset, England Out west in Somerset, floods in 2013 led to entire villages being cut off and isolated for weeks Getty Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Dumfries, Scotland "In summer 2012, intense rain flooded over 8000 properties. In 2013, storms and coastal surges combined catastrophically with elevated sea levels whilst December 2015, was the wettest month ever recorded. Major flooding events continued through the decade with the UK government declaring flooding as one of the nation's major threats in 2017," says Mr Smith of Climate Visuals Getty Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures London, England Weather has been more extreme in Britain in recent years. The 'Beast from the East' which arrived in February 2018 brought extraordinarily cold temperatures and high snowfall. Central London (pictured), where the city bustle tends to mean that snow doesn't even settle, was covered in inches of snow for day PA Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures London, England Months after the cold snap, a heatwave struck Britain, rendering the normally plush green of England's parks in Summer a parched brown for weeks AFP/Getty Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures New South Wales, Australia Worsening droughts in many countries have been disastrous for crop yields and have threatened livestock. 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Ethiopia recently planted a reported 350 million trees in a single day AFP/Getty Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Morocco Morocco has undertaken the most ambitious solar power scheme in the world, recently completing a solar plant the size of San Francisco AFP/Getty Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures London, England Electric cars are taking off as a viable alternative to fossil fuel burning vehicles and major cities across the world are adding charging points to accomodate AFP/Getty Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Purmerend, The Netherlands Cities around the world are embracing cycling too, as a clean (and healthy) mode of transport. 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The document is the first time a Conservative government has identified road traffic reduction as a desirable policy outcome.

Mr Shapps calls for the changes to be implemented rapidly.

“We can improve people’s health, create better places to live and travel in, and drive clean economic growth. The UK is a global centre for world-leading science, technology, business and innovation and we are perfectly placed to seize the economic opportunities that being in the vanguard of this change presents,” he said.

“The faster we act, the greater the benefits.”

The document says the government will support the decarbonisation of road vehicles, but ahead of that, it says will come efforts to “support fewer car trips through a coherent, convenient and cost-effective public network, and explore how we might use cars differently in future.”

It will also “encourage cycling and walking for short journeys,” and “explore how to best support the behaviour change required”, to put this into practice.

The report has been welcomed by campaigners.

Xavier Brice, chief executive of cycling and walking charity Sustrans, described the government’s plans as “achievable” and “what this country needs to be able to move better and live better”.

He said: “The report pulls no punches on its current assessment of where we are.

“Transport is the biggest source of carbon emissions, and private cars cause the lion’s share. Electric vehicles aren’t the solution.

“It is fantastic to see the transport secretary say that ‘public transport and active travel will be the natural first choice for our daily activities’.

“The government is now recognising that it is time to stop forcing individuals and communities into car-dependent living and undo the social isolation, poor health and inequity it has contributed to.”

He added: “We’ve got a long way to go, as the report’s projections of future cycling and walking levels based on current committed funding show.”

In a statement the Campaign for Better Transport said: “In 2019, only just over three per cent of new cars sold were battery-powered or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Meanwhile, transport continues to emit more carbon dioxide than any other sector, its emissions having barely decreased since 1990.

“What’s new about this document is that it lays out in unprecedented terms a vision of modal shift, with fewer journeys being made by car and more being made by public transport, on foot and by bike.

“We welcome this vision, having long urged the government that action on all fronts is needed to make transport – the laggard of emissions reduction – fit for the future.”

The report has also been criticised for failing to put forward a coherent strategy to deal with aviation emissions.

The Aviation Environment Federation said the report demonstrates that UK aviation emissions in 2018 were at an all-time high, and meanwhile its projections show aviation emissions remaining broadly flat between 2018 and 2050, while passenger numbers will increase by 73 per cent.

“Likely technology and fuels will not be enough to reduce emissions from today’s levels,” the organisation said.

The report also confirms a consultation on net zero aviation will be published “later this year”, and says the government could consider including aviation and shipping emissions in future carbon budgets.

“As a responsible national government, we need a contingency measure in case international progress does not go far enough or fast enough. That is why in the government’s response to the latest CCC Progress Report, we made it clear that we would be minded to include international aviation and shipping emissions in our carbon budgets if there is insufficient progress at an international level.”

Caroline Russell, London Assembly member for the Green Party, told The Independent: “Government efforts are rightly focussed on the coronavirus crisis but this consultation underlines the need to shape a future transport policy that puts clean air, public health and CO2 emissions reduction first.

“Grant Shapps’ recognition that we need to shift from a car dependent transport model is very welcome. He will however need to rapidly rethink the government’s recent road investment proposals to achieve the real reductions in road traffic miles driven that will be needed to enable walking, cycling and public transport to become our first choice for getting around.”