The Value of Knowledge:



tracing the development of ideas on the relation between consciousness and matter through the words of 140 philosophers over 400 years:— Overview

• French Materialism & Communism, Marx, 1845

• The Task of the Historian of Philosophy, Hegel, 1830

• Revival of the Sciences, Hegel 1806



From Galileo to Feuerbach

Classical Epistemology

• Considerations on the Copernican Opinion, Galilei Galileo, 1615

• A Natural History for the Building of Philosophy, Francis Bacon, 1607

• Discourse on Method, Rene Descartes, 1637

• Leviathan and De Cive, Thomas Hobbes, 1650

• Ethics, Benedicto Spinoza, 1677

• On the Nature of Human Understanding, John Locke, 1689

• Of the Principles of Human Knowledge, Bishop George Berkeley, 1710

• Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, Isaac Newton, 1712

• Monadology, Gottfried Leibnitz, 1714

• Utility and Value, Adam Smith, 1759

• Spirit of Laws, Charles de Montesquieu, 1752

• Emile & Origin of Inequality, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1762

• Conversation between D'Alembert and Diderot, Denis Diderot, 1769

• Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, David Hume, 1772

• Age of Reason, Thomas Paine, 1794

• Letters from an Inhabitant of Geneva, Claude-Henri Saint-Simon, 1803

» Classical German Philosophy «

• Critique of Pure Reason, Immanuel Kant, 1787

• Of the Changes in the Tastes of the Nations Through the Ages, Johann Herder, 1766

• God, Some conversations, Johann Herder, 1787

• Goethe on Science, excerpts, c. 1798

• Outlines of the Doctrine of Knowledge, Johann Fichte, 1810

• Foundations of Natural Right, Johann Fichte, 1796

• System of Transcendental Philosophy, Friedrich Schelling, 1800

• Wilhelm von Humboldt on Language, excerpts, c. 1810

• On the Critical Philosophy, G W F Hegel, 1830

• Philosophy of the Act, Moses Hess, 1843

• Principles of the Philosophy of the Future, Ludwig Feuerbach, 1843



Marx & Engels

Preface to Critique of Political Economy

• Engels on Hegel and Schelling, 1841

• Critique of Hegel's Dialectic and General Philosophy, Karl Marx, 1844

• Private Property & Communism, Marx, 1844

• Estranged Labour, Marx, 1844

• The German Ideology, Marx and Engels, 1845

• Theses on Feuerbach, Karl Marx, 1845

• Preface to Contribution to Critique of Political Economy, Karl Marx, 1859

• Commodities: Use Value & Value, Karl Marx, 1867

• Commodities: The Two-fold Character of Labour, Karl Marx, 1867

• The Fetishism of Commodities, Karl Marx, 1867

• Socialism, Utopian & Scientific, Part III, Frederick Engels, 1877

• Ludwig Feuerbach, the End of Classical German Philosophy, Engels, 1888



After the Expurgation of Hegelianism

1841 - The World Historic Split in Western Philosophy

• Schelling's Criticism of Hegel, 1841

• The Concept of Dread, Søren Kierkegaard, 1844

• The World as Will and Representation, Arthur Schopenhauer, 1844

• God & the State, Mikhail Bakunin, 1872

• A General View of Positivism, Auguste Comte, 1856

• A System of Logic, John Stuart Mill, 1843

• Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill, 1863

• Reasons for Dissenting from M. Comte, Herbert Spencer, 1864

• Notes on positivism, Auguste Blanqui, 1869



• The Challenge of every Great Philosophy, Friedrich Nietzsche, 1874

• Concept and Purpose of Psychology, Franz Brentano, 1874

• Facts of Perception, Hermann Helmholtz, 1878

• How to Make our Ideas Clear, Charles Peirce, 1878

• Outline of Psychology, Wilhelm Wundt, 1897

• Analysis of Sensations, Ernst Mach, 1886

• The Relativity of Space, Henri Poincaré, 1900

• What Pragmatism Means, William James, 1906



Sociology before the Russian Revolution

• Introduction to the Human Sciences, Wilhelm Dilthey, 1883

• Sociology & Science, Max Weber, 1897

• Lectures in General Linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure, 1910

• Pragmatism & Sociology, Emile Durkheim, 1914

• Mind & Society, Vilfredo Pareto, 1916



From Freud, Pavlov & Einstein to Fascism & War

Psychology & Phenomenology

• Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it, J B Watson, 1913

• The Work of the Cerebral Hemispheres, I P Pavlov, 1924

• “Weltanschauung”, Sigmund Freud, 1932

• The Philosopher's Search for the Immutable, John Dewey, 1929

• Mind & Body, Alfred Adler, 1931

• Principles of Gestalt Psychology, Kurt Koffka, 1932

• Basic Postulates of Analytical Psychology, Carl Jung, 1933

• The Objectivity of Perspectives, George Herbert Mead, 1932

• The Crisis in Psychology, Lev Vygotsky, 1927

• Lectures on Philosophy, Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1933

• The Crisis of European Sciences, Edmund Husserl, 1937

• Multiple Realities, Alfred Schuetz, 1945

• The Basic Problems of Phenomenonology, Martin Heidegger, 1927

• On My Philosophy, Karl Jaspers, 1941

• The Social Function of Philosophy, Max Horkheimer, 1939

• The Structure of Behaviour, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, 1942

• Existentialism is a Humanism, Jean-Paul Sartre, 1946



• Philosophical Importance of Mathematical Logic, Bertrand Russell, 1911

• Pure Induction, John Maynard Keynes, 1920

• Foundations of Mathematics, David Hilbert, 1927

• Lectures on Intuitionism, L E J Brouwer, 1951

• Hegel and Mathematics, Ernst Kolman, 1931

• Foundations of Mathematics in the light of Philosophy, Kurt Gödel, 1961

• Computing Machinery & Intelligence, Alan Turing, 1950



• Epistemology & Modern Physics, Moritz Schlick, 1925

• The Logic of Modern Physics, Percy Bridgman, 1927

• Discussions with Einstein on Epistemology and Physics, Niels Bohr, 1949

• Reply to Criticism, Albert Einstein, 1949

• Physics and Philosophy, Werner Heisenberg, 1958

• The Philosophical Foundations of Physics, Rudolph Carnap, 1966

• Empiricism without the Dogmas, Willard Quine, 1951

• Philosophy & Methodology of Present-day Science, Shoichi Sakata, 1968



• The Dialectic, Karl Kautsky, 1927

• The Materialist Conception of History, G V Plekhanov, 1897

• Stagnation & Progress of Marxism, Rosa Luxemburg, 1903

• The "Thing-in-Itself" and Dialectical Materialism, V I Lenin, 1908

• The Recent Revolution in Natural Science, V I Lenin, 1908

• Summary of Dialectics, V I Lenin, 1915

• The ABC of Communism, Bukharin & Preobrazhensky, 1919

• On the Significance of Militant Materialism, Lenin 1922

• What is Proletarian Culture?, Leon Trotsky, 1923

• History & Class Consciousness, Georg Lukacs, 1923

• Marxism & Philosophy, Karl Korsch, 1923

• Dialectical and Historical Materialism, Joseph Stalin, 1938

• On Practice, Mao Tse Tung, 1937

• Dialectical Materialism, Alexander Spirkin, 1980



The Modern World

Cognition & Psychology

• What is a Sign?, Charles Sanders Peirce, 1894

• Thought and Language, Lev Vygotsky, 1934

• Logic & Existence, Jean Hyppolite, 1952

• The Virtue of Scientific Humility, Konrad Lorenz, 1963

• The Politics of Experience, R. D. Laing, 1967

• Genetic Epistemology, Jean Piaget, 1968

• Language & Mind, Noam Chomsky, 1968

• The Origins of Cognitive Thought, B F Skinner, 1989



Social Theory

Structuralism

• Structure of Social Action, Talcott Parsons, 1937

• Lectures on Sound & Meaning, Roman Jakobson, 1942

• The Culture Industry, Theodor Adorno & Max Horkheimer, 1944

• The Methodology of Positive Economics, Milton Friedman, 1953

• Structural Anthropology, Claude Lévi-Strauss, 1958

• Dialectic and History, Claude Lévi-Strauss, 1962

• Contradiction & Overdetermination, Louis Althusser, 1962

• Structuration Theory, Empirical Research and Social Critique, Anthony Giddens, 1984

• The End of History, Francis Fukuyama, 1992



Science & Society

• The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Thomas Kuhn, 1962

• Objective Knowledge, Karl Popper, 1966

• The Ethic of Knowledge and the Socialist Ideal, Jacques Monod, 1970

• Against Method, Paul Feyerabend, 1975

• Gaia: A new look at life on Earth, James Lovelock, 1975

• Overcoming Epistemology, Charles Taylor, 1995



• Work of Art in Age of Mechanical Reproduction, Walter Benjamin, 1936

• Reason and Revolution, Herbert Marcuse, 1941

• Character and the Social Process, Eric Fromm, 1942

• The Search for Method, Jean-Paul Sartre, 1960

• The Dogmatic Dialectic & the Critical Dialectic, Jean-Paul Sartre, 1960

• One Dimensional Man, Herbert Marcuse, 1964

• Lenin in England, Mario Tronti, 1964

• Preface to History & Class Consciousness, Georg Lukacs, 1967

• Long View of History, George Novack, 1956-68

• The Theory of Knowledge as Social Theory, Jürgen Habermas, 1968

• Marx's Theory of Alienation, Istvan Meszaros, 1970



• The Phenomenological Method in Hegel, Alexandre Kojève, 1934

• The Negro Question, C L R James, 1948

• The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir, 1949

• The Myth of Women’s Inferiority, Evelyn Reed, 1954

• National Culture & Fight for Freedom, Frantz Fanon, 1959

• The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan, 1963

• Women: The Longest Revolution, Juliet Mitchell, 1966

• Sexual Politics, Kate Millett, 1969

• The Dialectic of Sex, Shulamith Firestone, 1971

• Women: Caste, Class or Oppressed Sex, Evelyn Reed, 1970

• The Archæology of Knowledge, Michel Foucault, 1969

• Man Made Language, Dale Spender, 1980

• Gender & History, Linda Nicholson, 1986

• Transformations, Drucilla Cornell, 1991

• (Untimely) Critiques for a Red Feminism, Teresa Ebert, 1995

• Patriarchy Gets Funky, Naomi Klein, 2001

• Needs Talk, Nancy Fraser, 1989

• Feminism and Postmodernism: An Uneasy Alliance, Seyla Benhabib, 1995



Literary Criticism

Post-structuralism

• Elements of Semiology, Roland Barthes, 1964

• Of Grammatology, Jacques Derrida, 1967

• Society of the Spectacle, Guy Debord, 1967

• The Postmodern Condition, Jean-François Lyotard, 1979

• Consequences of Pragmatism, Richard Rorty, 1982

• The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism, Fredric Jameson, 1991



• Essays from the History of Dialectics, Evald Ilyenkov, 1960

• A Materialist Critique of Objective Idealism, Evald Ilyenkov, 1960

• Freedom and Fetishism, Marshall Berman, 1963

• Marxian Naturalism, Z A Jordan, 1967

• Hegel's Theory of the Modern State, Shlomo Avineri, 1972

• Philosophy & Revolution (Lenin), Raya Dunayevskaya, 1973

• Philosophy & Revolution (Sartre), Raya Dunayevskaya, 1973

• Philosophy & Revolution ("New Forces"), Raya Dunayevskaya, 1973

• The Riddle of the Self, Feliks Mikhailov, 1976

• The Metaphysics of Positivism, Evald Ilyenkov, 1979

• Subject Object Cognition, V A Lektorsky, 1980

• Marxist Theory & Class Consciousness, Cliff Slaughter, 1975

• Classes and Classifications, Pierre Bourdieu, 1979

• Marx's Critique of Classical Political Economy, Geoff Pilling, 1980

• The Violence of Abstraction, Derek Sayer, 1987

• Logic of Capital, Tony Smith, 1990

• Logic: Dialectic and contradiction, Lawrence Wilde, 1991

• Marx's Grundrisse & Hegel's Logic, Hiroshi Uchida, 1988

• Science and Humanity - Hegel, Marx and Dialectic, Cyril Smith, 1994

• How the "Marxists" Buried Marx, Cyril Smith, 1995

• Minimum Utopia: Ten Theses, Norman Geras, 2000

• The Informatisation of Production, Michael Hardt & Antonio Negri, 2000

• On Belief: The Leninist Freedom, Slavoj Zizek, 2001

• Repeating Lenin, Slavoj Zizek, 2001

• Postmodernism & the ‘Death of the Subject’, James Heartfield, 2003

