Towers: 2000 HP. 170 base damage, then 20% of the first hit added each time. So, if you are hit for 100, 120, 140, 160, 180 etc etc etc. 194 Physical Protection. Magical Protection Invalid.

Phoenixes: Same escalation, but 300 base damage. 1750 HP. The phoenix regenerates a set amount of HP every minute, but yet to confirm values on this. 194 Physical Protection, Magical Protection Invalid.

Tower Magical Contribution: 36% of Magical Power is converted to AA damage on Phoenixes and Towers. However, 194 protections means effective 12.24% of Magical Power.

Minotaur @ 0 Structures: 5500 hp, 45 Magical Protection, 60-65 Physical Protection(Not done properly yet). 294 base attack on a god with 0 structures. Minotaur: 45 Magical Protection @ 0 Structures, 61-64 Physical Protection.

Scaling: Based on the little information I've been given from Hi-Rez, there is a formula where it is Base + x(2p+t) where X is the increase, p is phoenixes and t is towers left standing. So for HP, it is 5500 + x(2p+t). It appears that the damage the minotaur does to creeps varies between

Creeps:

Normal Melee: 375 HP, 12 base damage, 0 phys protect according to Hi-Rez Chris, 1 on my calcs, as Phoenixes do 297 on them, when their base is 300.

Normal Ranged: 270 HP, 25 base damage, 1 phys protect, 1 magic resist(same as above)

Normal Cyclops: 720 HP, 50 base damage, 16 phys protect/16 magic resist(same as above)

Creeps are also subject to a 10+x% direct mitigation which cannot be penetrated, where X is the number of minutes that have passed in the game. This caps at 30 minutes, for a total mitigation of 40%.

Fire Ranged: 50 base damage – Protections can no longer be worked out due to lack of knowledge of where the 10+x% minion mitigation comes in.

Fire Melee: 24 base damage - Same as above with regards to protections.

Fire Cyclops: 100 base damage. Same as above with regards to protections

From my rough tests, Fire Creeps seem to have 1.5x the health of a regular creep. So that would give

Minotaur: 45 Magical Protection @ 0 Structures, 61-64 Physical Protection.