In a letter submitted to the panel's Republican leadership, Cillicine highlighted concerns about Amazon's dominance in online retail and the potential for the e-commerce giant to use its control over Whole Foods to unfairly disadvantage other businesses.

“This transaction occurs during a long period of economic concentration that has already caused a decline in workers' wages and mobility,” the congressman wrote, “essentially allowing a small number of monopolists to hoard the ‘fruit of economic growth.’ ”

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Amazon declined to comment on the matter. Amazon chief executive Jeffrey P. Bezos also owns The Washington Post.

Cillicine is not the only member of Congress to call for a close examination of the deal. Rep. Ro Khanna (D-Calif.), who represents a district in Silicon Valley, told CNBC last month that the acquisition would “hurt local grocery stores.”

The deal could have major implications for the future of grocery stores and on-demand delivery services, analysts say. “It’s not what Amazon is getting from but more what Amazon can do with them, which is to bring its distribution into play,” said James Bailey, a management professor at George Washington University.

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Amazon’s purchase must be approved by federal regulators — most likely at the Federal Trade Commission — before it can proceed. But antitrust experts differ on whether the acquisition should raise red flags. Historically deals involving companies in separate industries have gotten a pass, particularly if they are likely to lead to lower prices. Amazon has made a cutthroat business out of price competition and proved a willingness to take financial losses.

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Still, some opponents of consolidation acknowledge that the Amazon-Whole Foods deal may be hard for regulators to reject. In terms of the overall grocery industry, Whole Foods controls just single-digit percentages of the market — and Amazon, even less. (Critics of the deal argue that regulators should view the acquisition in the broader context of e-commerce, not merely grocery stores.)

“There are a lot of people spooked out by the enormous size of Amazon, but it's not clear to me there's any direct competitive harm in this transaction,” said Gene Kimmelman, president of the consumer group Public Knowledge.