The USC Annenberg Inclusion Initiative has released their inaugural study of gender and race/ethnicity representation in the world of pop music, as Billboard reports. Titled “Inclusion in the Recording Studio?,” the study analyzed 600 songs from the Billboard Hot 100 taken from 2012-2017. Of those songs, females accounted for only 22.4% of the artists and 12.3% of all songwriting credits. Another sample of 300 songs, from 2012, 2015, and 2017, found that of the 651 producers credited on those songs, only 13 were female, or 2%. When it comes to the Grammys, the report noted that only 9.3% of all nominees from the past 5 years were female. Check out the full report.

Elsewhere, the study also notes that while there’s big disparity between male and female inclusion on the pop charts, traditionally underrepresented ethnicities and racial groups are relatively well represented, making up 42% of artists in the 600 songs sampled. Of the female artists, 38.5% were from underrepresented groups and over 40% of female songwriters were women of color.

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