Thousands of demonstrators have gathered across Germany in support of Edward Snowden and Bradley Manning, as German writers published an open letter to Chancellor Merkel demanding explanations over the country’s involvement in the NSA spying program.

Protests were organized in at least 40 German cities, including Hamburg, Munich, and Berlin, with the largest rally taking place in Frankfurt.



Participants responded to calls for demonstrations, which were initiated by a loose network calling itself #stopwatchingus. Demonstrators gathered for marches despite searing summer temperatures, some of them wearing tin foil hats to shield themselves from the sun. Others held posters in support of NSA intelligence leaker Edward Snowden.



The protests come just days after Snowden was awarded the Whistleblower award, established by German human rights organizations in 1999.

“How come the BND [Germany's foreign intelligence service] and Verfassungsschutz [German domestic intelligence] use the NSA-program ‘XKeyScore’ for surveillance, even though there is no legal basis for it? Is the government going to bypass the rule of law, instead of defending it?" reads the letter published in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung daily and signed by 48 writers.



And the letter has grown into something bigger that an outcry from Germany’s cultural elite, as more than 5,000 people put their signatures below the text, after it was transformed into an online petition by one of its authors, writer Juli Zeh.

For those who doubt German citizens are ANGRY with USA and their gov, take a look at Münich via @Netz4ktivistenpic.twitter.com/9G5yARMRic — Renata Avila (@avilarenata) July 27, 2013



The appeal to Chancellor Merkel reminds her of her own words – “Germany is not a surveillance state” – which she uttered at the July 20 press conference. The writers go on to say that wasn’t true.



“We witness a historic attack on our constitutional democracy, the reversal from presumption of innocence to general suspicion,” says the letter, demanding answers from Angela Merkel, who said she never knew anything about PRISM until the media leaked Snowden’s revelations.

That stance has however been shattered by Der Spiegel magazine, which exposed that German secret services had a role to play in the NSA spying process.While Merkel has been cautious in commenting on the issue, even justifying the NSA methods Germany’s President Joachim Gauck spoke out in defense of Snowden." he told Passauer Neue Presse newspaper, as cited by Reuters.

Although the German president does not possess political power – that rests in the hands of the chancellor - Gauck’s voice matters as he is a highly popular and respected politician with a record in defending civil rights.



An East German dissident during the time when the country was divided, Gauck worked on exposing Stasi, the secret police, which conducted massive surveillance.



"The fear that our telephones or mails are recorded and stored by foreign intelligence services is a constraint on the feeling of freedom and then the danger grows that freedom itself is damaged," Gauck said, referring to the NSA program.



The government feels it has to somehow respond to the avalanche of criticism over its role in helping the US-led spying. Two of Germany’s most senior cabinet members have come up with the initiative to push the UN to change their current privacy legislation, which has remained intact since 1966, when there was nothing like mobile phones or the internet.



The initiative is seen by many as an attempt to reduce the damage done by Snowden’s revelation to the reputation of the German government ahead of September election. Whatever the politicians motives are, though, they appear to be moving in the right direction, according to the Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information, Dr. Alexander Dix.



“Data Protection Commissioners all over the world have for long time called for an international treaty to have privacy regulations in place to protect individual privacy and data when surfing the internet and crossing borders. And now the NSA scandal is just the last tip to make it completely clear that we need an international agreement in this sphere. What we are seeing here is really excessive secrecy protecting excessive surveillance and that cannot go on as it has done in the past. We need effective control and we need limits to what the intelligence services are allowed to do,” he told RT.

