Jewish Citizens:— Hatred against the Jews in Europe had grown to hysterical proportions by the 16th century.[14][n. 29][n. 30][n. 31] In the original siege at Buda in 1521, where the Turks had decisively won against their European hosts, the Hungarian Jews several years later were blamed for it's loss; they were widely believed to have allied themselves with the Ottoman Muslim Turks.[14] However this could not have been more farther from the truth.[14] The Jews were in actual fact initally resistive to the Turks, just as they were to the Europeans. Only 20 out of the 4,500 Jews in 1521 were even known to have survived the siege with the Hungarians (however it is not clear whether or not the Turks had killed them or they were killed by their fellow Hungarians, or simply if they had fought and lost against both parties).[14] However, despite this, rumours were widely spread all over about by their supposed Muslim allies, as such was the loss felt over Buda.[14] Such was the distrust rooted in European society, that Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, only simply "tolerated" the Jews, but he was not concerned, or did not allow or approve of the Jews returning to the areas where they had been forcibly expelled from.[14] In all, attitudes towards the Jewish populace were indifferent at best, and murderous at worst. In the Ottoman empire however by contrast, they were virtually treated as equals. By 1686, the Jews were however totally allied to the Ottomans, for several reasons. In return for total state protection, autonomy, advanced living conditions, and secure social status the Jews paid the jizya tax;[15] and were totally happy in their treatment. This largely explained why about 1,000 Jews contributed to the defence of the castle against the Christian Habsburg invaders.[15] Hatred against the Jews in Europe had grown to hysterical proportions by the 16th century.In the original siege at Buda in 1521, where the Turks had decisively won against their European hosts, the Hungarian Jews several years later were blamed for it's loss; they were widely believed to have allied themselves with the Ottoman Muslim Turks.However this could not have been more farther from the truth.The Jews were in actual fact initally resistive to the Turks, just as they were to the Europeans. Only 20 out of the 4,500 Jews in 1521 were even known to have survived the siege with the Hungarians (however it is not clear whether or not the Turks had killed them or they were killed by their fellow Hungarians, or simply if they had fought and lost against both parties).However, despite this, rumours were widely spread all over about by their supposed Muslim allies, as such was the loss felt over Buda.Such was the distrust rooted in European society, that Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, only simply "tolerated" the Jews, but he was not concerned, or did not allow or approve of the Jews returning to the areas where they had been forcibly expelled from.In all, attitudes towards the Jewish populace were indifferent at best, and murderous at worst. In the Ottoman empire however by contrast, they were virtually treated as equals. By 1686, the Jews were however totally allied to the Ottomans, for several reasons. In return for total state protection, autonomy, advanced living conditions, and secure social status the Jews paid the jizya tax;and were totally happy in their treatment. This largely explained why about 1,000 Jews contributed to the defence of the castle against the Christian Habsburg invaders.

Jewish communities fleeing to safer and more egalitarian Muslim lands from medieval Europe.