The truth about Birdman of Alcatraz's 52 YEARS in federal prison finally laid bare: Robert Stroud's explosive book on the brutality of jail life and being gay on The Rock is published at last

Robert Stroud gained infamy for his study of birds while in federal prison

He also wrote more than 2,000 pages about the brutality of the prison system, in which he revealed that he was gay

When he died in 1963, Stroud was engaged in a lawsuit to enable these manuscripts to be turned into a book

The case wasn't settled until the 1980s, but then publishers wouldn't touch it because of concerns over libel



Some 30 years later, the people named in it are dead and the statute of limitations on libel has expired

Stroud entered federal prison in 1909, aged 19, and died in 1963, aged 73

His life story was famously turned into the 1962 movie Birdman Of Alcatraz, starring Burt Lancaster



More than 50 years after his death, the first part of a book written by Robert Stroud, better known as the Birdman of Alcatraz, about the U.S. prison system has finally been published.



Stroud, gained infamy for his painstaking study of birds while in federal prison, but he also wrote a manuscript of more than 2,000 pages about the brutality, sex, bribery and what he saw as the monumental failure of prisons to rehabilitate inmates.



He died in 1963 while engaged in a lawsuit with the U.S. Bureau of Prisons, which didn’t want the book about the then 150-year history of the U.S. prison system published.



More than 50 years after his death, the first part of a book written by Robert Stroud, better known as the Birdman of Alcatraz, about the U.S. prison system has finally been published

The manuscripts went into storage at the house of Stroud's lawyer, Dudley Martin, in the mid-1980s after a 20-year legal battle

It took until the mid-1980s for his lawyer to gain legal possession of Stroud’s manuscript but then publishers concerned about libel balked at a book that named brutal guards and supposedly on-the-take wardens.



‘To sadistic-minded persons, helplessness is always an invitation to cruelty,’ Stroud wrote in the brown, faded and stained manuscript that languished in a basement long after his death in 1963.

The manuscript – more than 2,000 pages - was stored at the Springfield, Missouri home of Stroud's former lawyer Dudley Martin.



Now that the people named in the book have died and the statute of limitations on libel has expired, his manuscript has been converted into a four-part book Looking Outward: A History Of The U.S. Prison System From Colonial Times To The Formation Of The Bureau Prisons.

Lawyer Dudley Martin looks at handwritten manuscripts written by Robert Stroud at his home in Springfield, Missouri Burt Lancaster starred as Robert Stroud in the 1962 movie Birdman of Alcatraz

‘If there is anybody who could write about federal prisons, it was him,’ said J.E. Cornwell of Springfield, the book's publisher.



Part I, Looking Outward, A Voice From The Grave, has recently been published in E-book form.



In it, Stroud reveals that he was gay, though he had married a woman while in prison who was his partner in a bird-related business on the outside.



Stroud entered federal prison in 1909 at age 19 after being convicted of manslaughter for killing with his bare hands a man in Alaska who allegedly beat up a prostitute. He spent the next 54 years in four different federal facilities.



In 1916, Stroud knifed a guard to death at the federal penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas, over a dispute about visiting privileges for Stroud's mother. He served the next 43 years in solitary confinement.



Stroud began studying birds at Leavenworth and wrote two heralded scientific books on bird diseases, which led to the 1962 movie about his life called Birdman Of Alcatraz starring Burt Lancaster.

Stroud entered federal prison in 1909 at age 19 and died in 1963, aged 73. The photo on the left was taken in the 1920s and then one on the right during the 1930s



‘Here is a guy with a third-grade education who somehow educated himself to write books on birds that were followed around the world,’ said his lawyer, Dudley Martin, 80. ‘My father raised gamecocks and he used Stroud's book when they got sick.’



After his transfer to Alcatraz in 1942, Stroud turned his attention to researching the history of federal prisons and interviewing inmates and guards.



‘Nobody else had written this stuff and the federal prison system did not want it out,’ Martin said.



Stroud spent years trying to get his book published, finally suing the U.S. Bureau of Prisons in 1962 to allow publication.



But Stroud died in 1963 before the lawsuit was resolved. And it took 21 years for Martin, the administrator of Stroud's will, to get legal possession of the manuscripts from probate.

In 1942, Stroud was transferred to Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, and became inmate #594

Martin's secretary put Stroud's hand-written notebook manuscripts into type, more than 2,000 pages single-spaced. Martin sent the book to three New York publishers, all of whom turned it down, concerned about libel suits.



The manuscripts went into storage at Martin's house in the mid-1980s. Some 30 years later, the people named in the book have died and the statute of limitations on libel has expired, Martin said.



More of his writings are to come, with the volumes tracing the rise and degeneration of the prison reform movement and how sex in prison contributed to character destruction.



Stroud spent the last four years of his life at the federal medical center prison in Springfield. Martin took over as his lawyer after Stroud's transfer from Alcatraz and met him only once, in court.



‘He was a great big, tall man,’ Martin said. ‘I had to look up at him.’



Martin said Stroud would be pleased to know the public is finally able to read his account of the prison system.

