NEW DELHI--SunEdison Inc. plans to invest $15 billion in India by 2022, a top executive said, as the renewable-energy company seeks to deepen in its foothold in a country where power producers have struggled to meet demand.

“We believe much of the growth in renewable energy in the next 15 years will be from emerging markets, and much of it will be from India and China,” said Pashupathy Gopalan, SunEdison’s top Asia executive.

SunEdison...