Special attention will be paid to Intermediate Moves, Quiet Moves, Sacrifices on Empty Squares, Mating Patterns, Ignoring Opponents Threat, Calculation in Defence and Method of Comparison. Plus 50 interactive examples to test your knowledge.

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12/20/2019 – Have you ever heard the advice, "while solving positions in your practice sessions, don't think for more than 20 minutes!"? The logic is that usually in practical games we do not spend more than 20 minutes for any move or decision, so we shouldn't be spending too much time when training either. But now and then comes a moment when, in a tournament game, an elite GM digs down deep and thinks for over 30 minutes! In Wei Yi vs Sergey Karjakin at the Jerusalem Grand Prix 2019, we saw the young Chinese GM 'in the tank' for 35 minutes! IM SAGAR SHAH tries to decode his thought process!

What was Wei Yi thinking about?

Wei Yi achieved his chess milestones so quickly, that in spite of being just 20 years old, he already seems like an established GM at the elite level. He became a 2700+ GM at the age of just 15, the youngest ever to achieve this feat in the history of the game. For the last five years, he has been trying to break into 2750 range, but has thus far been unsuccessful. There is absolutely no question about his talent, but when it takes you over five years to gain 50 Elo points, one begins to wonder whether he has it in him to become a World Champion in the future. Well, what you are going to see now will convince you about the Chinese grandmaster's abilities.

There is a well-known saying that while trying to work on chess at home, solving positions or studies, you mustn't think for more than 20-25 minutes. That's the maximum time you take for a move in a practical game. There is no point in overthinking. However, in the second game of their match at the Jerusalem FIDE Grand Prix 2019, Wei Yi thought for 35 minutes for one of his moves. What was the 2725 rated GM thinking? Let's try to get inside his head and understand the depth of his calculations.

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Karjakin played the move 12...♞d7?! here. This is an inaccuracy. It is here that Wei Yi put his thinking cap on and calculated for what seemed like an eternity! After 35 minutes he came up with the powerful move 13.♘h6+!!

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Wei Yi faced Sergey Karjakin in round 2 of the Jerusalem GP | Photo: Niki Riga

Why the double exclamation? Isn't this move obvious? Wouldn't any strong player see it, let alone a 2725 rated GM. Yes, a lot of people will see the move ♘h6+ but the double exclamation is not just for the move, but the depth of the calculation attached to it.

Karjakin had to take the knight. If he goes 13...♚h8, then after 14.♕h5, it is all over. f7 is hanging, so is d5 and White is just better. After 13...gxh6 14.♕g4+ ♚h8 White found 15.♕f5! Now there is a mate on h7 and the only way to defend it is with 15...♞f6.

White has sacrificed a piece and seems to have run out of ammunition! Or has he? White to play. What did Wei Yi do here?

16.♘xd5

Completely focused on the job at hand | Photo: Niki Riga

16.♘xd5! Now the knight on f6 cannot move. The threat is to take on f6 and mate on h7. How did Karjakin defend here?

You can always bank on Karjakin to find the best defensive moves in desperate situations. 16...♞xd4! is the only move that keeps Black in the game. It attacks both the queen on f5 and the knight on d5.

Taking on d4 would mean that Black is just a piece down after ♝xd5. Hence, Wei Yi went ahead and recovered his piece with 17.♕xf6 ♛xf6 18.♘xf6

If you stopped your calculation at this point with the assessment that White is better (or slightly better), no one is going to blame you. The knight on d4 is hanging and if it retreats, White can build up an attack with ♗c3. Also the h7 pawn can be gobbled up at some point. However, if you are a staunch defender like Karjakin, or you always like to see the best resources for your opponent, then you will find...

18...♞f3+

You cannot simply hope the 'minister of defence' will just capitulate | Photo: Niki Riga

The knight has to be taken or else the bishop on d2 hangs. After 19.gxf3 ♜g8+! The rook is taboo as after Nxg8 Rxg8 Kh1 Bxf3# is a very nice and pretty mate! 20.♘g4

What are the immediate threats and what are the long term trumps for both sides. If you look closely the short term problem that Black has to solve is ♗c3+ That's the reason why he cannot rush in to win his piece back with ♝xf3 or h5. From the long term perspective, what you also realize is that Black's queenside is powerful, so White has to be careful not to end up in a passive endgame.

The top players are really good at chunking. It means taking a relevant chunk out of a position and understanding it deeply in their mind. They don't even make an effort for this. It happens at a subconscious level. What Karjakin (and also Wei Yi) would do in such situations is understand the above chunk and the elements in it interacting with each other. Black realizes that for the white knight to get out of the pin is not so easy. Until the king is on g1 it is perennially pinned by the rook on g8 and if the king moves to h1 (after defending f3), still the knight is undefended, because the f3 pawn is pinned by the bishop on the long diagonal. So in a way, if White wants to get out of the pin, he must either go for h3-♔h2 or move the f1 rook and get the king to f1. Both of this takes at least two moves and Black can use that leeway to do something else in the position.

20...♝e5! was a powerful move by Sergey. It prevents ♗c3 ideas and now attacks b2 as well as the f3 pawn. White defended his f3 weakness with 21.♗e2. The best move in the position. Now Black has a real choice. He can take the pawn on b2 or just attack the knight on g4 with ...h5. Attacking the knight with ...h5 would mean that White has several ways to get a small edge. What's more, b3, b4 or even ♗c3 all look pretty interesting. Hence, Sergey went for the most ambitious move 21...♝xb2!

If White moves the rook, the bishop just goes back to f6, and from the chunking diagram we remember that the knight is not running away here. So next comes ...h5 and Black would be the one calling the shots. Wei Yi had to come up with something special here and that he did! What did he play?

22.♖xc5

This lad definitely has it in him to become the best in the world! | Photo: Niki Riga

22.♖xc5!! Simply brilliant. And bear in mind, he calculated this when he played 13. ♘h6+!! The rook on c5 has to be taken. After 22...bxc5 23.♖b1 ♝g7 24.♖xb7 we reach a position that is less about calculation and more about assessment.

Wei Yi has a material advantage here, but he has seen that 24...h5 will trap his knight.

The knight has nowhere to go. The calculations should end around this point. Even without white making his move, hxg4 fxg4 is a position that one has to assess. Once you understand what's going on, you can then decide on the best white move here. Here the most accurate move for White is ♗c4! which gives him a small edge. This variation is analysed in the game annotations below. Wei Yi went ♖xf7 and Black managed to equalize there. But for a moment let's pause and have a look at what the 20-year-old Chinese Grandmaster has just achieved.

From position A to B, it took over an hour on the board for things to pan out

But in Wei Yi's mind he had everything figured out in 35 minutes. He scanned through thousands of positions, hundreds of variations and several ideas to come to the final position where he still had some chances to win. This is definitely calculation at an altogether different level. It not only involved seeing powerful moves for yourself like ♘h6+!! and ♖xc5!! but also defensive ideas for your opponent with ...♞xd4, ...♞f3+ and so on.

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Analysis of the entire game between Wei Yi and Karjakin

The point I want to bring forth is that when these super GMs pause and think for more than 30 minutes, it's not trivial stuff they are looking into. They are going really deep. And calculation as you can see is not just about looking at one variation after another. It involves understanding the nuances, the positional factors, the tactical motifs, the long term strategic concepts, and assessments every now and then, and much more. It's a complex process that every super GM has a different way to navigate. A lot of it depends on what they have learnt as youngsters, the process is then tweaked but the method of thinking and calculation almost always stems back to the roots! That's the reason why there could be many super GMs who would navigate through this 11-move Wei Yi line in 35 minutes, but all of them will find different things difficult to figure out. For some understanding that the first position is the key moment of the game and playing ♘h6+ might be the tough part, for some looking at opponent's resources with ♞xd4 or ♞f3+ might not be easy and so on.

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