BRUSSELS — The German government is paralyzed, stuck in a divided “zombie” coalition unable to act and unwilling to die. The Italian government is an accident, another clumsy coalition built in fear of populism. The Spanish are about to have their fourth election in four years. And Britain’s navel-gazing continues more than three and a half years after it voted to leave the European Union.

Into the vacuum, inevitably, has stepped France and its energetic 41-year-old president, Emmanuel Macron. But Mr. Macron, who loves to talk and spin off ideas no matter the follow-through, has overstepped himself lately, European officials, diplomats and analysts say .

He has annoyed his European colleagues, on whom he must depend to see his suggestions made policy, and has created a backlash among some member states and in the European Parliament.

The most recent examples of Mr. Macron’s overreach have involved the difficult questions of European personnel, enlargement, Brexit and relations with Russia. In each case, and most tellingly in his veto of accession talks for North Macedonia, he has acted after little or no consultation among other leaders, vexing the rest.