Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.

: Returning to the long-lost city of Miletus, we begin our journey through the history of Western philosophy alongside pre-Socratic thinkers such as Thales (who thought that everything was water), Anaximander (who thought that everything was nothing), and Heraclitus (who thought that everyone was a waste of his time)! Building on our vocabulary of philosophy, we’ll see how ideas like “naturalism” and “materialism” enter the conversation of metaphysics in this fabled land of Ionia!