Section 108h of the Copyright Act gives libraries the power to scan and serve copies of out-of-print books published between 1923 and 1941; it's never been used before but now the mighty Internet Archive is giving it a serious workout, adding them to their brilliantly named Sonny Bono Memorial Collection (when Bono was a Congressman, he tried to pass a law that would extend copyright to "forever less a day" and was instrumental in moving millions of works from the public domain back into copyright, "orphaning" them so that no one could preserve them and no one knew who the copyrights belonged to).



The Archive is working with Tulane's Elizabeth Townsend Gard and her students, who are planning to post "thousands" of books to the Bono Collection (currently they've done 67 of them). If you have books published in the relevant time-period, the Archive will help you figure out if they qualify for being added to the collection.



But there is an exemption from this extension of copyright, but only for libraries and only for works that are not actively for sale — we can scan them and make them available. Professor Townsend Gard had two legal interns work with the Internet Archive last summer to find how we can automate finding appropriate scanned books that could be liberated, and hand-vetted the first books for the collection. Professor Townsend Gard has just released an in-depth paper giving libraries guidance as to how to implement Section 108(h) based on her work with the Archive and other libraries. Together, we have called them "Last Twenty" Collections, as libraries and archives can copy and distribute to the general public qualified works in the last twenty years of their copyright. Today we announce the "Sonny Bono Memorial Collection" containing the first books to be liberated. Anyone can download, read, and enjoy these works that have been long out of print. We will add another 10,000 books and other works in the near future. "Working with the Internet Archive has allowed us to do the work to make this part of the law usable," reflected Professor Townsend Gard. "Hopefully, this will be the first of many "Last Twenty" Collections around the country." Now it is the chance for libraries and citizens who have been reticent to scan works beyond 1923, to push forward to 1941, and the Internet Archive will host them. "I've always said that the silver lining of the unfortunate Eldred v. Ashcroft decision was the response from people to do something, to actively begin to limit the power of the copyright monopoly through action that promoted open access and CC licensing," says Carrie Russell, Director of ALA's Program of Public Access to Information. "As a result, the academy and the general public has rediscovered the value of the public domain. The Last Twenty project joins the Internet Archive, the HathiTrust copyright review project, and the Creative Commons in amassing our public domain to further new scholarship, creativity, and learning."



Books from 1923 to 1941 Now Liberated!

[Brewster Kahle/Internet Archive]