

The NEM Team would like to thank Robin Peterson (Telegram user: @robinped) for contributing this blog and project.

One of NEM’s many strengths is its API. Each node in the network is an API server in itself. And you can interact with the Blockchain through a simple HTTP GET request.

The purpose of this tutorial is to show how you can connect to the NEM blockchain with a very basic usage of PHP and a little JavaScript inside Wordpress.

What we will build?

We will create a plugin for Wordpress with WooCommerce.

It should have a settings page.



It should inform the user how to pay with XEM from a wallet (copy) or mobile wallet (QR).





It should convert USD and EUR into XEM in real-time.

It should look for transactions to a NEM account and match it by a reference and amount.

If a matched transaction is found, create an order.

So, where do you want to start? Well, you will need some tools, and for this tutorial, we will use Wordpress and WooCommerce to make a simple Proof-of-Concept (PoC) payment gateway that uses the NEM blockchain.

Wordpress will be used to serve the website, and WooCommerce will add shopping functionality to WordPress.

Wordpress is a PHP framework, so this is the language that will be used to serve content and create backend functionality. To communicate with the backend and add interactive functionality to the frontend, we will use a little JavaScript with jQuery.

Getting started

First, we need to setup the plugin in practice with WordPress. You can clone the tutorial project from Github by running this command: git clone https://github.com/RobertoSnap/woocommerce-gateway-xem-turtorial.git

Let us walk through the most important files and functions.

woocommerce-gateway-xem.php

protected function __construct() { add_action( 'plugins_loaded', array( $this, 'init_gateways' ) ); } public function init_gateways() { include_once ( plugin_basename('includes/class-wc-gateway-xem.php')); include_once ( plugin_basename('includes/class-xem-ajax.php')); include_once ( plugin_basename('includes/class-xem-currency.php')); /* * Need make woocommerce aware of the Gateway class * */ add_filter( 'woocommerce_payment_gateways', array( $this, 'add_gateways' ) ); } public function add_gateways( $methods ) { $methods[] = 'WC_Gateway_Xem'; return $methods; }

This is where the plugin is initiated from Wordpress. It will only be initiated when active, so make sure your plugin is active from the WordPress backend. We use a singleton class to initiate it $GLOBALS['wc_xem'] = WC_Xem::get_instance();





init_gateways is executed when Wordpress runs action plugins_loaded . Here we include the needed PHP files that will run the plugin and we use a WooCommerce function to add another custom payment gateway with this line add_filter( 'woocommerce_payment_gateways', array( $this, 'add_gateways' ) );

/includes/class-wc-gateway-xem.php

class WC_Gateway_Xem extends WC_Payment_Gateway { }

To create a new payment method in WooCommerce, you extend the class WC_Payment_Gateway , and this is what attaches the layout and functionality when a customer checks out an order.

__construct()

Here we set information about the payment gateway and assign our options. At the end of this function, we tell WordPress to include the JavaScript code that we need to checkout.

payment_fields()

What we echo out here will be displayed in the payment method layout for the customer.







As this point, we know the total amount for the order, so time to transfer this amount into XEM. We do this by calling Xem_Currency::get_xem_amount($this->get_order_total(), strtoupper(get_woocommerce_currency()) . This function converts USD and EUR into Micro XEM ( 1 XEM = 1000000 Micro XEM) with CoinMarketCap API. Notice, we always return Micro XEM to avoid storing money in a binary floating point. For humans it is easier to read XEM, so each time we display a XEM amount we run it through:

function micro_xem_to_xem($amount){ return $amount / 1000000; }

More about this below. We then lock down the amount in the backend with a session WC()->session->set('xem_amount', $xem_amount); so we can use it later when we need to check if we have received a payment for this amount.



We also need to create a unique reference for the user. We do this with wp_create_nonce() which creates a hash from the user information, session and salt which should be unique for each Wordpress installation.

payment_scripts()

Include the JavaScript and pass some variables from PHP to JavaScript with wp_localize_script() .

This function is called right before WooCommerce finalizes a payment. We check for a matched XEM transaction. This is the server-side wall if someone would try to complete the checkout by editing the JavaScript.

process_payment()

If validate_fields() passes, we create the WooCommerce order and reset the payment information. We save the XEM transaction for the order, so we can later check that the XEM transaction is not used twice.

/assets/js/xem-checkout.js

The JavaScript adds some visual and initiates an ajax request.

Visuals -

It is easy to generate a QR code that can be used by mobile NEM wallets; we only need to pass it the correct data. First, we create an object with the right data model in this.paymentData . Then we pass this data over to the QR code generator which is a simple JS library I got from davidshimjs. You can see how this JS library is attached to the global JavaScript scope in class-wc-gateway-xem->payment_scripts(). Notice that the QR expects Micro XEM, which is

//Prepare NEM qr code data // Invoice model for QR this.paymentData = { "v": wc_xem_params.test ? 1 : 2, "type": 2, "data": { "addr": this.xemAddress.toUpperCase().replace(/-/g, ''), "amount": this.xemAmount, "msg": this.xemRef, "name": "XEM payment to " + wc_xem_params.store } }; //Generate the QR code with address new QRCode("xem-qr", { text: JSON.stringify(this.paymentData), size: 256, fill: '#000', quiet: 0, ratio: 2 });

We must also disable the payment button, as this checkout waits for the payment to come in from outside the system.

We add copy functionality to the xem-address, reference and amount with another JS library.

We show progress to the user each time it checks for payment with another JS library.

In checkForXemPayment it sends an AJAX request to the server calling it to check if a payment is received for this amount and reference.

checkForXemPayment: function () { this.nanobar.go(25); $.ajax({ url: wc_xem_params.wc_ajax_url, type: 'post', data: { action: 'woocommerce_check_for_payment', nounce: wc_xem_params.nounce } }).done(function (res) { if(res.success === true && res.data.match === true){ $( '#place_order' ).attr( 'disabled', false); $( '#place_order' ).trigger( 'click'); } setTimeout(function() { xemPayment.checkForXemPayment(); }, 5000); }); this.nanobar.go(100); }

This function is initiated once, and then will repeat itself every 5 seconds. If it returns with a valid transaction, it will simulate the user clicking the pay button which will then trigger class-wc-gateway-xem.php->validate_fields() where it checks that it also has a valid transaction server-side.

/includes/class-xem-ajax.php

This is where the ajax request from the JavaScript ends up. There is some boilerplate in this php file which makes it easier to create ajax callable functions. To add an ajax function you only need to create the public static function my_ajax_function() { //Code here } and reference it inside add_ajax_events() by adding my "my_ajax_function" to the $ajax_events array. It will then be callable with this jQuery.ajax function:

$.ajax({ url: wc_xem_params.wc_ajax_url, type: 'post', data: { action: 'woocommerce_my_ajax_function', nounce: wc_xem_params.nounce } }).done(function (res) console.log(res); //Code when ajax call is done here });

As you saw in the previous JavaScript snippet, the JavaScript calls woocommerce_check_for_payment which calls check_for_payment() . Now we can start checking if our NEM account has received any payments. The flow is as follows:

We recreate the reference server side. If the user and session are the same, we will receive the same ref from the same hash. When we added the payment fields to checkout, we also saved the initial XEM amount in a session variable server-side. So we bring this up again and put it into $xem_amount_locked . We use class-nem-api.php to get the latest 25 transactions on our NEM account. More about this here and below. The message comes encrypted from the NEM API. We decode the message $t->transaction->message->payload with

private static function hex2str($hex) { $str = ''; for($i=0;$i<strlen($hex);$i+=2) $str .= chr(hexdec(substr($hex,$i,2))); return $str; }

If our reference and transaction message is the same we then go into checking the amount. Right now the NEM mobile wallet rounds amount down to 1 decimal, so we need to round $xem_amount_locked and $t->transaction->amount to one decimal in XEM. As you may see, the amount we receive from the NEM API is in Micro XEM, so we need to convert this to XEM (Could use Mircor XEM also). To do this we just divide it by / 1000000 (6 zeros). See function micro_xem_to_xem() . In others words, we accept differences in amount decimals. If the amount is higher or equal to the transaction amount, we have a matched transaction We then check that this transaction has not been used on any past orders with self::not_used_xem_transaction($matched_transaction) . If it also passes this check, we send a success signal back to the JavaScript which will initiate the class-wc-gateway-xem->validate_fields().

If the transaction passes, we will create the order and log the XEM transaction to that order.

/includes/class-nem-api.php

This class takes care of sending the HTTP GET request for transactions to a NEM node. You can find servers that can receive requests here. We have hard coded some:

private static $servers = array( 'bigalice3.nem.ninja', 'alice2.nem.ninja', 'go.nem.ninja' );

To get the latest transactions on an account, just use the /account/transfers/incoming endpoint. Wordpress comes featured with a built-in HTTP GET request wp_remote_get( $url ) . When i work with Wordpress I always normalize the request with rest_ensure_response( $res ) . After that we can open the reponse with json_decode($res->data['body']) and you should see a list of transactions like this:

Array ( [0] => stdClass Object ( [meta] => stdClass Object ( [innerHash] => stdClass Object ( ) [id] => 112693 [hash] => stdClass Object ( [data] => 5449a7c6e482995e41f6b0ae727ec374e75f50c9987bb2951fb34e24aacee530 ) [height] => 952748 ) [transaction] => stdClass Object ( [timeStamp] => 67793818 [amount] => 2308992 [signature] => 46265c8a1f96ae2e2fe252ebb158d23b8ff8b191c8ec32ff1dc011061c4817d3ec7c4680141ef2c2ef1db92fbfa41e48b302c8502f926f5d73ed9233dfe0f300 [fee] => 2000000 [recipient] => TBFLJ2LTBOIFKRMYHSI3TEKK6ISQOBJILNTPAJ2Q [type] => 257 [deadline] => 67797418 [message] => stdClass Object ( [payload] => 34306562343335613139 [type] => 1 ) [version] => -1744830463 [signer] => f7f20bc8ac6ab22cefff44529b7402ef4ccf5f105b3db1fad3200c142bdeacb4 ) ) [1] => stdClass Object ( [meta] => stdClass Object ( [innerHash] => stdClass Object ( ) [id] => 112310 [hash] => stdClass Object ( [data] => df7aa5d7502af8c2691b0bd6b60e7dcba904543d17ef68035dd259a1d61e8207 ) [height] => 945919 ) [transaction] => stdClass Object ( [timeStamp] => 67380067 [amount] => 5021757 [signature] => 37e937e3274d839af062d8d4ddb15cc7f2903ae037ee35b2c4f36d6c80754b1eb7c1acabb1a94fefa731e83653fd19514565cd06ffe646855f5ba3c473962605 [fee] => 2000000 [recipient] => TBFLJ2LTBOIFKRMYHSI3TEKK6ISQOBJILNTPAJ2Q [type] => 257 [deadline] => 67383667 [message] => stdClass Object ( [payload] => 34383162613765383434 [type] => 1 ) [version] => -1744830463 [signer] => 957c281f457c45254c545ba34d6ba1ea2cdf963f8aac4e2644bde663bd4ebb08 ) ) )

/includes/class-xem-currency.php

We need to convert USD and EUR to XEM. CoinMarketCap has an API where we can get updated rates even without having an account.

public static function get_xem_amount($amount, $currency = "EUR"){ $response = false; $currency = strtoupper($currency); //Check if we already have a transient with rates information if(!get_transient( 'xem_currency_data')) { //Get Value of NEM to currency switch ( $currency ) { case 'EUR': $response = wp_remote_get('https://api.coinmarketcap.com/v1/ticker/nem/?convert=EUR'); break; case 'USD': $response = wp_remote_get('https://api.coinmarketcap.com/v1/ticker/nem/?convert=USD'); break; case 'ALL': $response = wp_remote_get('https://api.coinmarketcap.com/v1/ticker/nem/?convert=USD'); break; default: self::error("Currency not supported"); } $response = rest_ensure_response($response); //Decode the json string $data = json_decode($response->data['body']); //Set a transient that expires after one minute set_transient( 'xem_currency_data', $response->data['body'], 60 ); }else{ //We had a transient with rates so use this as $data $data = json_decode(get_transient( 'xem_currency_data')); } //Lets prepare callback $callback = array( $data[0] ); //Set the amount switch ($currency) { case 'EUR': $callback['amount'] = $amount / $data[0]->price_eur; break; case 'USD': $callback['amount'] = $amount / $data[0]->price_usd; break; default: self::error("Currency not supported"); } //Check if amount got set and round it. Always return Micro XEM if (!empty($callback['amount']) && $callback['amount'] > 0){ $amount_xem = round( $callback['amount'], 6, PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP ); $amount_micro_xem = $amount_xem * 1000000; return (int)$amount_micro_xem; } return self::error("Something wrong with amount"); }

As with the NEM API we also us wp_remote_get( $url ) . We then check the response and calculate the amount in FIAT to the amount in XEM. I found when working with XEM that it is good practice to round the amount to 6 decimals which is the same number of zeros as is used in Micro XEM. I received a tip that it is good practice to always work with whole numbers when storing money, so Micro XEM is what this function returns. If we want to display it, just format it by dividing by 1 000 000.

Because we only need updated rates each minute and the rates do not differ between users, we can use a WordPress transient to cache the rates.

What can be done better?

This is a POC for a simple XEM payment gateway in WooCommerce. The source code is open and available for anyone to enhance here. If you want to create some other functionality against the NEM Blockchain for Wordpress, feel free to copy and use any code you need from this example.

When making this tutorial, I saw several designs choices that could be improved upon for a production environment. Feel free to make your suggestions and enhancements in Github.