New York State will spend $170 billion this year.

If the Nixon expenditures were added to the existing budget, New York would spend at least $345 billion annually — almost four times as much as New Jersey, Connecticut and Pennsylvania combined.

The Biggest Ticket

Ms. Nixon endorses legislation that would create a single-payer health care system sometimes called “Medicare for all.” Her opponent, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo, said that he supported the concept, but that it should be done by the federal government. Though it has become a popular cause, no state has successfully put the system in place.

RAND Corporation researchers found that the New York bill could expand coverage and lower costs for most people. Instead of individual premiums, taxes would be raised on a relatively small group of higher-earning people and companies.

The RAND study estimated the state’s cost at $139 billion in the first year, rising to more than $200 billion.

Asked by the Daily News editorial board this week how she intended to pay for it, Ms. Nixon did not have specifics. “Pass it and then figure out how to fund it,” she said.

All Renewable Energy, All Over the State

New York has the lowest carbon emissions per capita of any state. Ms. Nixon has endorsed a plan for 100 percent renewable energy in the state by 2050, drawing on a 2017 report from the Political Economy Research Institute at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The state would need to spend about $25 billion annually from 2021 to 2030 to do that — “a substantial challenge,” the authors stated.

The Nixon campaign proposes a “polluters” tax on carbon that the study says would raise an average of $7 billion annually. That leaves a balance of $18 billion. The study suggested that money could come from private investment, rather than the state, Ms. Nixon’s campaign said. Those investments would be paid for by customers of the electricity utilities.