What was supposed to have been a homecoming celebration for Mercedes turned to ashen-faced defeat rarely experienced in their dominance of Formula One over the past five years.

During that time the German team have stood astride the sport almost as deities but under foreboding, grey skies the team principal, Toto Wolff, was moved to apocalyptic imagery, describing it as an “armageddon weekend”.

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Red Bull’s Max Verstappen took the win, as impressive and controlled a drive as the 21-year-old has delivered in his career, in treacherous conditions that caught out drivers far older and more experienced. He did so in what was a wildly unpredictable and captivating race that forced teams and drivers to think on their feet.

Some managed it with aplomb, others were found wanting. That the most senior should be the world championship leader, Lewis Hamilton, his teammate, Valtteri Bottas, and Mercedes was entirely unexpected. Hamilton finished in 11th, having hit a wall, although he was later promoted to ninth after the Alfa Romeos were given 30-second penalties for torque irregularities. Bottas crashed out, losing his car through turn one six laps from the end while in fourth place. Their team’s strategy calls had cost both drivers and left Hamilton, who had led from pole, wondering how he had to finished so far adrift.

This was Mercedes’ 200th grand prix as a constructor in what will probably be their last home race for some time, with Hockenheim highly unlikely to be on the calendar next year. The team’s intent was to go out in style and they were doing so more publicly than usual having allowed Netflix cameras access over the weekend for the second series of their F1 documentary.

Their footage will be unmissable. Yet as the race went away from Mercedes they were left looking, by their own standards, amateurish. The first third had gone according to plan, despite the rain, but Hamilton, usually so strong in the wet, found his touch deserted him on slick tyres when he followed Ferrari’s Charles Leclerc into the wall at turn 16. Leclerc was out and, while Hamilton kept going, a damaged front wing meant he had to stop.

Hamilton said the turning point had been the decision to fit him with slicks, convinced he should have stayed on intermediates. The race had indeed turned as he immediately veered across the track into the pits. The stop was painfully slow, taking 50 seconds because the team were unprepared. The sight of Mercedes mechanics scrabbling about for the correct rubber was unprecedented. By the time he emerged he had dropped to fifth and the Dutch fans erupted as Verstappen took the lead. Worse still for Hamilton, he was given a five-second penalty for his late entry into the pitlane.

Facebook Twitter Pinterest Lewis Hamilton damaged a front wing in crashing. Photograph: Christof Stache/AFP/Getty Images

If that was not enough, Mercedes then opted not to pit either car under a further safety car to take tyres. When they then had to and Hamilton took his penalty, both had fallen away. Hamilton to 12th in what he called a domino effect of errors.

For the third gloriously entertaining race in a row, nothing was going according to the script as even Racing Point found their man, Lance Stroll, leading briefly after they had called their stop correctly. It meant they claimed fourth and Toro Rosso, who had done similarly, got it just right with Daniil Kvyat taking third place. It was their first podium finish since Sebastian Vettel won for them in 2008 and a celebratory result for the driver whose partner had given birth to their first child on Saturday night.

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Even Ferrari, on course for another weekend of self-flagellation after two mechanical failures in qualifying and Leclerc’s crash, managed to salvage a result as Vettel moved from 20th to second place. His best performance of the season will surely be a huge confidence boost for the beleaguered driver.

Hamilton had been unwell with a bug but admitted the test he faced in the race was mental rather than physical. That he was out of sorts was illustrated again on lap 52 when he had a major spin. He just held the car, Bottas did the same several laps later and ended in the wall, his chance of making a major inroad into Hamilton’s lead gone and with it perhaps his hopes of retaining his drive with Mercedes for next year.

Hamilton still leads the championship by 41 points from Bottas. The win cements Verstappen’s strong third place, 63 points behind Hamilton, while Vettel languishes in fourth 21 points behind him.

Mercedes will leave Germany with a long and difficult debrief. But the fans were roaring: for a race where second place was held by nine drivers; for Verstappen, who was superb, holding it together even after spinning a full 360 degrees early on; and for the local boy Vettel. Both hit their marks perfectly in a dramatic performance.