Democrats say they think the debate gives them an attractive political issue. It allows them to position themselves against Wall Street and corporate money in politics while railing against what they view as the Supreme Court’s pro-business stance just as a new vacancy has opened on the court.

Democrats in Congress, led in the Senate by Charles E. Schumer of New York and in the House by Chris Van Hollen of Maryland, could announce details of the plan as early as this week. They are trying to get a Republican in each chamber to sign on as a co-sponsor but plan to move ahead even without bipartisan support, the officials said.

In an interview Monday, Mr. Schumer said: “What we’re trying to do first is make sure everything we do is within the constitutional mandate set by the court. And second, we’re trying to make it a bill that can get broad bipartisan support.”

In reviewing the Supreme Court’s decision, lawyers for the administration and Congressional Democrats soon realized that the majority’s strong language left them little room to try to ban corporate money altogether, according to people involved in the discussions. They have focused instead on forcing public disclosure of political backers as a way to bring transparency to the process and, perhaps, to discourage excessive corporate involvement.

“What we’ve been trying to do,” said one Congressional official who has worked on the plan, “is to set up a really robust disclosure mechanism.”