a, Transverse 18F-BnTP PET–CT overlay (left) of mouse lung (middle) after treatment with phenformin. H&E staining of a lung lobe with an ADC tumour (right). b, Representative slides stained with H&E (left), CC3 (middle) and Ki67 (right), from tumours from KL mice treated with vehicle (top) or phenformin (bottom). Experiment was performed once on slides from n = 5 (vehicle) and n = 6 (phenformin) mouse lungs. c, d, Quantification of staining for Ki67 (c) and CC3 (d) for tumours from KL mice treated with vehicle (n = 5 mice) or phenformin (n = 6 mice). Experiment was performed once. e, Phenformin in lung tumours isolated form KL mice was quantified using liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Tumours were isolated from mice treated with vehicle (n = 6) or 100 mg kg−1 (n = 2) or 200 mg kg−1 phenformin (n = 2) for 5 days. Experiment was performed once. f, Representative 18F-BnTP PET–CT overlay of a tumour formed by transthoracically implanted L3161C lung cells into syngeneic recipient mice. This image is representative of at least 20 PET–CT images. g, H&E slide of a tumour formed as in f. h, Higher magnification image of H&E staining of tumour formed by L3161C mouse cell line as in f. j, Representative slides stained with Ki67 (top), and CC3 (bottom) from tumours formed by transthoracically transplanted L3161C cells that were treated with vehicle, metformin or phenformin. Experiment was performed once on slides from n = 8 (vehicle), n = 5 (metformin) or n = 6 (phenformin) tumours. Data are mean ± s.d. P values determined by unpaired two-tailed t-test. Source data