– Army or Syrian Arab Army (SAA) – Syrian Resistance (Alawites, pro al-Assad): – al-Muqawamah al-Suriyah – al-Lijan al-Sha’biyah – Hezbollah (pro-Assad fighters from Lebanon) – Shabiha (pro-Assad fighters) – National Defense Army (militia) – Al-Qeada Al-Aama (militias) – Fatih Al-Intifada – Iraq Hezbollah Brigades (HK) – Asa’ib Ahl al-Haq (AAH) – Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba (HHN) or Harakat al-Nujaba (was a branc of Iraq Hezbollah Brigades (HK)) – Iran provides logistic support, operative with ground troops and air, with airstrikes on rebel positions to Syrian army – North Korea (yet to confirm) provides logistic and operative help to Syrian army – Russia provides logistic support, operative with ground troops and air, with airstrikes on rebel positions to Syrian army – Cuba provides logistic support, operative with ground troops to Syrian army (since October 2015) – China provides humanitarian and operative training support to Syrian army (since August 2016)

Syrian Resistance (Alawites, pro al-Assad):

– Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) or Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) or Islamic State (IS) or Ad Dawla al-Islamiyya/Islamic State (IS) or Islamic State of Iraq and Greater Syria (ISIS or ISIL) or Daesh – Al-Khanassaa Brigade or Khansa Battalion (group composed only be women inside Islamic State) has the function of religious police – Khaled ben Walid army, controls a zone near Jordan and Israel (Islamic State affiliate)

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) or Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) or Islamic State (IS) or Ad Dawla al-Islamiyya/Islamic State (IS) or Islamic State of Iraq and Greater Syria (ISIS or ISIL) or Daesh – U.S. led coalition against Islamic State (I.S.) islamist group supported (militarily and not) by following countries Australia, Bahrain, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Great Britain, Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Netherlands, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates – Jabhat Fath al Sham or Jabhat Fateh al-Sham or The Front for Liberation of al Sham since July 2016 not more linked to al-Qaeda (ex Al-Nusra Front or Jubhat al Nusra or Jabhat al-Nusra or Front for the Defence of the Syrian People or Jabhat an-Nusra/Victory Front (VF) since May 2012)

Jabhat Fath al Sham or Jabhat Fateh al-Sham or The Front for Liberation of al Sham since July 2016 not more linked to al-Qaeda (ex Al-Nusra Front or Jubhat al Nusra or Jabhat al-Nusra or Front for the Defence of the Syrian People or Jabhat an-Nusra/Victory Front (VF) since May 2012) – Hamza Abdualmuttalib (rebel jihadist group)

Hamza Abdualmuttalib (rebel jihadist group) – Khorasan (linked to al-Qaeda)

Khorasan (linked to al-Qaeda) – Dwekh Nawsha (almost 200 Christian volunteers)

Dwekh Nawsha (almost 200 Christian volunteers) – Yarmouk Martyrs’ Brigade or Shohadaa al-Yarmouk Brigade

Yarmouk Martyrs’ Brigade or Shohadaa al-Yarmouk Brigade – Sons of Yarmouk Movement

Sons of Yarmouk Movement – Revolutionary Movement in Syria

Revolutionary Movement in Syria – Ansar al Khilafah or Supporters of the Caliphate

Ansar al Khilafah or Supporters of the Caliphate – Northern Storm Brigade

Northern Storm Brigade – Liwa Al-Ansar (present in Aleppo and Idlib provinces)

Liwa Al-Ansar (present in Aleppo and Idlib provinces) – Harakat Fajr Asham al-Islamiya (salafist group, present in Aleppo)

Harakat Fajr Asham al-Islamiya (salafist group, present in Aleppo) – Harakat Al-Nour al-Islamiya (present in Aleppo)

Harakat Al-Nour al-Islamiya (present in Aleppo) – Furqan Brigade (present in Damascus)

Furqan Brigade (present in Damascus) – Furqan Brigade (Al Quneitra) (branch of Furqan Brigade, present in Golan)

Furqan Brigade (Al Quneitra) (branch of Furqan Brigade, present in Golan) – 19th Division (present in Aleppo, linked with Ansar Brigade and part of Free Syrian Army)

19th Division (present in Aleppo, linked with Ansar Brigade and part of Free Syrian Army) – Tajamu Fastaqm Kama Amart (present in Aleppo)

Tajamu Fastaqm Kama Amart (present in Aleppo) – Ghuraba al-Sham or Ghurabaa al-Sham

Ghuraba al-Sham or Ghurabaa al-Sham – Al Hijra Ila Allah or al-Hijra ila Allah

Al Hijra Ila Allah or al-Hijra ila Allah – Regiment Bara Ben Malek (linked to al-Qaeda, to verify)

Regiment Bara Ben Malek (linked to al-Qaeda, to verify) – Jund Al-Aziz

Jund Al-Aziz – Ansar Al-Haq

Ansar Al-Haq – Fronte di Azione Islamico (IAF)

Fronte di Azione Islamico (IAF) – Democratic Union Party (PYD) (offshoot of Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK))

Democratic Union Party (PYD) (offshoot of Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK)) – Jabhat Al Akrad or Jabhat al-Akrad or Kurdish Front or Kurdish Front Brigade

Jabhat Al Akrad or Jabhat al-Akrad or Kurdish Front or Kurdish Front Brigade – Liva Siwar Al Raqqa (fighters from Raqqa town, allied to kurds fighters)

Liva Siwar Al Raqqa (fighters from Raqqa town, allied to kurds fighters) – Al-Sunna Army

Al-Sunna Army – Al-Sham Battalion – Syrian Revolution Co-ordinating Union in north near Turkish border since 2011. – Free Syrian Army (FSA or Esl) called itself the “al-Farouq brigade of the Free Syrian Army” (FSA) since 2011 (is part of Levant Front alliance): – Farouq Brigades or Al Faruq Brigade (present in Homs, Idlib and Aleppo) – Fallujah-Houran Brigade – Islam Army – Ababil Army – Sham Rassoul

Free Syrian Army (FSA or Esl) called itself the “al-Farouq brigade of the Free Syrian Army” (FSA) since 2011 (is part of Levant Front alliance): – Syrian Revolutionaries Front (alliance within Free Syrian Army formed by 15 armed groups) – Idlib Military Council – Syrian Martyrs’ Brigade – Ahrar al-Zawia Brigades – Ansar Brigades – Coming Victory Brigades – Seventh Division – Ninth Division of Aleppo – Farouq al-Shamal Battalions – Ghab Wolves Brigade – Idlib Martyrs’ Brigade – Ahrar al-Shamal Brigade – Riyad al-Salehin Battalions of Damascus – Farouq Battalions of Hama – Special Assignments Regiment of Damascus – Ahfad Saladin Brigade

Syrian Revolutionaries Front (alliance within Free Syrian Army formed by 15 armed groups) – Syrian Islamic Liberation Front (SILF) – Amjad Al Islam Brigade or Islam Brigade (Greater Glory of Islam Brigade)

Syrian Islamic Liberation Front (SILF) – Army of Islam (Jaish al-Islam) composed by almost 50 jihadist armed groups – Liwa al-Islam Brigade or Liwaa al-Islam Brigade

Army of Islam (Jaish al-Islam) composed by almost 50 jihadist armed groups – Islamic Front (new rebel group with almost 45.000 fighters, since November 2013) – Islamic Movement of Ahrar al-Sham or Ahrar al-Sham or Ahrar al Sham or Ahrar Asham or Ahrar Asham or Ahrar ash-Sham or Akhrar ah-Sham (not jihadist, radical Salafist group) – Jaysh al-Islam (Army of Islam) or Jeish al Islam (Army of Islam) – Sukour Al-Sham or Suqour al-Sham or Soqor Al-Sham – Al-Tawhid Brigade or Al-Tawheed Brigade or Liwa al-Tawhid Brigate or Tawhid Brigade (not jihadist, present in Aleppo province) – Liwa Al-Haq or Liwa al-Haqq – Ansar al-Sham – Kurdish Islamic Front – Jund al-Aqsa

Islamic Front (new rebel group with almost 45.000 fighters, since November 2013) – Syrian Islamic Front – Harakat Ahrar al-Sham al-Islamiyya

Syrian Islamic Front – Southern Front (Composed by 50 rebel groups, includes 30.000 fighters, born on February 2014) – Shamiyya Front or Shamiya Front or Shamiah Front (a coalition of conservative militias) since December 2014 (active in Aleppo) – Noureddin al-Zinki Brigades or Nour Al-Din Al-Zinki Battalion – Mujahideen Army or Mujahedeen Army

Shamiyya Front or Shamiya Front or Shamiah Front (a coalition of conservative militias) since December 2014 (active in Aleppo) – The Southern Eagles “Soqor Al-Janoob” since April 2015 (active in Daraa) – Al-Sunna Lions (Asood Al-Sunna) – Al-Yarmook Army – Falojat Horan Group – 18 March Group

The Southern Eagles “Soqor Al-Janoob” since April 2015 (active in Daraa) – Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) or Democratic Syrian Army (SDF) or Jasad or Democratic Forces of Syria (SDF) (50,000 fighters) since October 2015 – Kurdish Popular Protection Units (YPG) or People’s Protection Unit (YPG) or People Protection Unites (YPG) or People’s Protection Force (YPG) or Kurdish People’s Protection Units (armed wing of Kurdish Supreme Committee in Syria) – Kurdish Women’s Protection Units (YPJ) or Women’s Protection Units (YPJ) – Syriac Christians (an Assyrian Christian group) – Jaysh al-Thuwwar (Army of Rebels) – Arab Burkan al-Furat – Female Protection Forces of the Land Between the Two Rivers (battalion composed by Christian women) since August 2015 – Fursan al-Jazira Brigades or Fursan al-Jazîra Brigades – Dehid Tasleem Jimmo Brigade or Şehid Tasleem Jimmo Brigade – various sunnite Arab groups

Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) or Democratic Syrian Army (SDF) or Jasad or Democratic Forces of Syria (SDF) (50,000 fighters) since October 2015 – Hazm Movement (allied with Free Syrian Army rebel group)

Hazm Movement (allied with Free Syrian Army rebel group) – Aknaf Beit al-Maqdis (Palestinian faction)

Aknaf Beit al-Maqdis (Palestinian faction) – Islamic Battalions

Islamic Battalions – al-Khabour Guards Forces

al-Khabour Guards Forces – Syriac Military Council

Syriac Military Council – Raqqa Revolutionaries Front or Raqqa Revolutionaries Brigade

Raqqa Revolutionaries Front or Raqqa Revolutionaries Brigade – Sultan Murad Brigades (composed by turkmen minority)

Sultan Murad Brigades (composed by turkmen minority) – Levant Front (alliance which is part of Free Syrian Army)

Levant Front (alliance which is part of Free Syrian Army) – Faylaq al Sham or Faylaq al-Sham

Faylaq al Sham or Faylaq al-Sham – Faylaq Majid

Faylaq Majid – Failaq al-Rahman

Failaq al-Rahman – Suwar Agi Sham

Suwar Agi Sham – Jaysh al-Mujahideen

Jaysh al-Mujahideen – Jaysh Idlib

Jaysh Idlib – Jabhat al-Shamiyah

Jabhat al-Shamiyah – Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) or Hay’et Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) (alliance linked to al-Qaeda)

Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) or Hay’et Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) (alliance linked to al-Qaeda) – Katibat al-Ghuraba al Turkistan (KGT)

Katibat al-Ghuraba al Turkistan (KGT) – Hurras al-Deen – Manbij Military Council – Euphrates Liberation Brigade or Tehrir-El-Firat

Manbij Military Council – Military Assembly of Minbic Region or Military Assembly of Manbij Region or Minbic Region Military Assembly (composed by 7 groups) since April 2016 – Şems El-Semal – Suwar El-Minbic or Minbic Revolutionaries – Coalition of Euphrates Regiments or Euphrates Regiments Coalition – Regiments of Cind El-Heramên or Cind El-Heramên Regiments – Regiments of the Euphrates Martyrs or Euphrates Martyrs Regiments, – El-Qewsî Regiment – Tirkman El-Minbic or Regiment of Minbic Turkmen or Minbic Turkmens Regiment

Military Assembly of Minbic Region or Military Assembly of Manbij Region or Minbic Region Military Assembly (composed by 7 groups) since April 2016