MUNICH—U.S. Vice-President Mike Pence sought Saturday to calm jittery partners by declaring that the United States, under President Donald Trump, would “hold Russia accountable” and maintain steadfast support for NATO, the post-Second World War military alliance Trump once dismissed as “obsolete.”

In his overseas debut as vice-president, Pence told foreign diplomats and security officials attending the Munich Security Conference that the U.S. would be “unwavering” in its commitment to the transatlantic alliance and Trump would “stand with Europe.” He pointed to their shared “noble ideals — freedom, democracy, justice and the rule of law.”

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Addressing violence in Ukraine, Pence said the U.S. would demand that Russia honour a 2015 peace deal agreed upon in Minsk, Belarus, to end violence in eastern Ukraine between government forces and Russia-backed separatists. He did not mention findings by U.S. intelligence agencies that Russia interfered in last year’s presidential election to help Trump win the White House.

“Know this: The United States will continue to hold Russia accountable, even as we search for new common ground which as you know President Trump believes can be found,” Pence said.

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Pence’s address and a series of one-on-one meetings with world leaders along the sidelines here sought to calm nervous European allies who remain concerned about Russian aggression, including its annexation of Crimea. Many have been alarmed by Trump’s positive statements about Russian President Vladimir Putin. Pence’s speech aimed to reassure international partners who worry that Trump may pursue isolationist tendencies.

After his speech, Pence met with German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who called for the maintenance of international alliances and told the audience, with Pence seated nearby, that NATO is “in the American interest.”

Sergey Lavrov, Russia’s foreign minister, told the conference after Pence’s speech that Moscow wanted “pragmatic relations” with the U.S. He said he hoped that “responsible leaders” would choose to create a “just world order,” adding “if you want, you can call it a post-West world order.”

European countries along Russia’s border are rattled by the prospect of deeper U.S.-Russia ties after Trump suggested that — contrary to the opinions of Merkel and other world leaders — sanctions imposed after Russia’s annexation of Crimea could be eased in exchange for a nuclear weapons deal. The president referred to NATO as “obsolete” in an interview before his inauguration, but has since tempered his language and has stressed the importance of the alliance during telephone conversations with foreign leaders.

But mindful that the new U.S. president often lashes out on Twitter, some attendees remained skeptical that the speech represented Trump’s thinking and said his foreign policy moves would be closely watched.

“We are waiting for actions,” said Polish President Andrzej Duda. “We only know what the media has reported and the statements that we’ve got. Now we are waiting for actions of the new government of Donald Trump.”

Wrote U.S. Sen. Chris Murphy, a Democrat from Connecticut, on Twitter: “Looks like we have 2 governments. @VP just gave speech about shared values btwn US and Europe as @POTUS openly wages war on those values.”

Michael Chertoff, a former homeland security secretary under U.S. president George W. Bush, noted that Pence’s comments about NATO and Europe echoed assurances given by Defence Secretary Jim Mattis. “They’ve all been consistent about the fact that there is a strong, deep and enduring commitment to Europe and to NATO and I think that message has been received,” Chertoff said.

In his remarks, Pence also reinforced the Trump administration’s message that NATO members must spend more on defence.

NATO’s 28-member countries committed in 2014 to spending 2 per cent of their gross domestic product on defence within a decade. But only the U.S. and four other members of the post-Second World War military coalition are meeting the standard, Pence said.

Failure to meet the commitment, he said, “erodes the very foundation of our alliance.”

“Let me be clear on this point: The president of the United States expects our allies to keep their word, to fulfil this commitment and, for most, that means the time has come to do more,” Pence said.

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In a day of meetings and photo ops, Pence was sitting down with the leaders of the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and separately with the president of Ukraine — countries dealing with the threat of Russian incursion. The vice-president also scheduled a meeting with Turkish Prime Minister Binali Yildirim.

The former Indiana governor’s stature within the administration was also under scrutiny after the recent dismissal of Trump’s national security adviser, retired general Michael Flynn. Flynn was forced to resign Monday following reports he misled Pence about contacts with a Russian diplomat. The vice-president learned that he had been misled through media accounts about two weeks after the president was informed.

Pence also met with the leaders of Iraq and Afghanistan, where the U.S. remains embroiled in two separate wars. Trump has made clear his intention to defeat Daesh, also known as ISIS or ISIL. But he also said the U.S. may get a second chance to take Iraqi oil as compensation for its efforts in the war-torn country, a notion that has been rebuffed by Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi.

Trump’s immigration and refugee ban has ruffled feathers with a number of Muslim-majority countries affected by the order, which is currently tied up in court, including Iraq — a close ally in the fight against Daesh. Trump has promised to issue a revised order, possibly as soon as next week.

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