In what is a major step towards the prevention of recurring bouts of Clostridium difficile (Cdiff) infection, an international team led by Dale Gerding, MD, Hines Veterans Administration (VA) research physician and professor of Medicine at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, has shown that giving spores of non-toxic Cdiff by mouth is effective in stopping repeated bouts of Cdiff infection which occurs in 25-30 percent of patients who suffer an initial episode of diarrhea or colitis. The study is published in the May 5 issue of the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA).

"The results of this study are very gratifying because the preclinical laboratory and patient studies were all done through our VA research program supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service," says Gerding. "Results of this study confirm findings of earlier studies that showed that if we can establish non-toxic Cdiff as a resident of the gut of the patient, that we can protect the patient from infection by the toxic strains of Cdiff." Viropharma and Shire pharmaceutical companies supported the clinical trials.

These results warrant additional study to confirm that treatment with non-toxic Cdiff spores can reduce recurrent Cdiff infection and prevent a first episode of Cdiff infection in those who are taking any antibiotics and are at high risk of infection, he added.

Gerding and an international team of infectious disease researchers, including those at Loyola University Medical Center (LUMC), randomly assigned 168 adult patients with Cdiff infection who had been treated for their infection with antibiotics to receive doses of 10 thousand or 10 million spores per day of non-toxic Cdiff in liquid form for 7 or 14 days, or to receive an identical placebo. Of those assigned any dose of non-toxic Cdiff , 11 percent experienced a repeat of infection within 42 days compared with 30 percent of those given a placebo, a statistically significant reduction. For the most favorable dose tested, 10 million spores a day for 7 days, the recurrence of Cdiff infection was reduced to 5 percent.

Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) including Cdiff, which causes severe diarrhea and inflammation of the lower bowel or colon, continues to escalate in frequency and severity in the U.S. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), almost 500,000 Cdiff infections occurred in the U.S. in 2011, with 83,000 recurrences and 29,000 deaths within 30 days of diagnosis. Older adults taking antibiotics and who receive care at medical institutions are most vulnerable. Cheryl O'Riordan, who has had repeated bouts of Cdiff infection, said having Cdiff made her visit the bathroom on an average of 10 times per day. "Before receiving effective treatment, I was unable to leave the house," says the active cyclist, skier and hiker. O'Riordan went into remission after being treated successfully at LUMC. "I am back cycling more than 3 miles every day and have several major adventure trips planned."

"The study offers real hope for those debilitated by recurring bouts of Cdiff," says Johnson, who cares for O'Riordan at LUMC in Maywood. "This study represents a novel and potentially highly effective bacteriotherapy approach to restoring colonization resistance against toxic strains of Cdiff in these patients," he adds. Loyola University Health System is recognized internationally as a leader in infection control and prevention.