a, Immunoblot of lysates from peritoneal macrophages infected with H37Rv or ΔRv0222 for the indicated times (MOI = 5). b, c, qPCR analysis of Il1b (b) and Il6 (c) mRNA from peritoneal macrophages treated with the p38 inhibitor SB203580, JNK inhibitor SP600125 or NF-κB inhibitor PDTC for 1 h following H37Rv or ΔRv0222 infection for 8 h (MOI = 5). d, Immunoblots and immunoprecipitates of lysates from HEK293T cells transfected with the indicated plasmids. e–h, Luciferase assay of the effect of Rv0222 on the activation of TRAF6/TAK1 in HEK293T cells transfected with a plasmid encoding NF-κB (e, g) or AP-1(f, h) luciferase reporter or indicated plasmids for 24 h. i–k, qPCR analysis of Il1b (i, right), Il6 (j) and Il12 p40 (k) mRNA from control or TRAF6-knockdown iBMDMs infected with H37Rv or ΔRv0222 for 4 h (MOI = 5). i, Left, immunoblots of TRAF6 in lysates from control (‘Scrambled’) or TRAF6-knockdown (TRAF6-1, TRAF6-2) iBMDMs. l–n, qPCR analysis of Il1b (l, right), Il6 (m) and Il12 p40 (n) mRNA from control or TAK1-knockdown iBMDMs infected with H37Rv or ΔRv0222 for 6 h (MOI = 5). l, Left, immunoblots of TAK1 in lysates from control or TAK1-knockdown iBMDMs. o, Immunoblots of lysates from control or TRAF1-knockdown iBMDMs infected with H37Rv for the indicated times (MOI = 5). p–r, qPCR analysis of Il1b (p), Il6 (q) and Il12 p40 (r) mRNA from control or TRAF1-knockdown iBMDMs infected with H37Rv for the indicated times (MOI = 5). s, t, Immunoblots and immunoprecipitation of lysates from HEK293T cells transfected with a plasmid encoding HA-tagged Ub (s) or K63-Ub (t), Flag-tagged TRAF6 and increasing amounts of Myc-tagged Rv0222 (0 μg, 1 μg and 2 μg). u, Immunoblots of lysates from control or SHP1- or SHP2-knockdown iBMDMs. v–y, qPCR analysis of Il1b and Il6 mRNA from control or SHP1/2-knockdown iBMDMs infected with H37Rv or ΔRv0222 for 6 h (MOI = 5). Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-tests (b, c, e–n, v–y) were used for statistical analysis. Data are representative of one experiment with at least three independent biological replicates (a, d, o, s–u) and are mean ± s.e.m in b, c, e–n, p–r, v–y. For gel source data, see Supplementary Fig. 1. Source data