By Nick Triggle

Health reporter, BBC News

Please turn on JavaScript. Media requires JavaScript to play. The doctor who first suggested a link between MMR vaccinations and autism acted unethically, the official medical regulator has found. Dr Andrew Wakefield's 1998 Lancet study caused vaccination rates to plummet, resulting in a rise in measles - but the findings were later discredited. The General Medical Council ruled he had acted "dishonestly and irresponsibly" in doing his research. Afterwards, Dr Wakefield said the claims were "unfounded and unjust". The GMC case did not investigate whether Dr Wakefield's findings were right or wrong, instead it was focused on the methods of research. During the two-and-a-half years of hearings - one of the longest in the regulator's history - he was accused of a series of charges. 'Callous disregard' The verdict, read out by panel chairman Dr Surendra Kumar, criticised Dr Wakefield for the invasive tests, such as spinal taps, that were carried out on children and which were found to be against their best clinical interests. THE WAKEFIELD STORY MMR is the combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccine which was introduced in the late 1980s In 1998 the Lancet published a study, led by Dr Andrew Wakefield, which linked the jab with autism and bowel disease It has since been discredited and the Lancet has said it should not have run it A newspaper subsequently made allegations about the way the research was carried out The GMC launched an investigation, which then led to a series of charges and the two-and-a-half-year hearing

The story that will not go away The panel said Dr Wakefield, who was working at London's Royal Free Hospital as a gastroenterologist at the time, did not have the ethical approval or relevant qualifications for such tests. The GMC also took exception with the way he gathered blood samples. Dr Wakefield paid children £5 for the samples at his son's birthday party. Dr Kumar said he had acted with "callous disregard for the distress and pain the children might suffer". He also said Dr Wakefield should have disclosed the fact that he had been paid to advise solicitors acting for parents who believed their children had been harmed by the MMR. Two of Dr Wakefield's former colleagues at the Royal Free were also ruled to have broken guidelines. Professor John Walker-Smith and Professor Simon Murch both helped Dr Wakefield carry out the research. 'Kangaroo court' The panel chairman was heckled by supporters of the doctors during his delivery of the verdicts. One woman shouted: "These doctors have not failed our children. You are outrageous." Another person in the public gallery said it was a "kangaroo court". A small group of supporters also expressed their support for Dr Wakefield and his colleagues outside the GMC's London headquarters. Please turn on JavaScript. Media requires JavaScript to play. Joan Campbell, 51, from Glasgow, who believes the MMR jab caused her son to develop autism, said: "It is atrocious. They were just trying to protect children." After the hearing, Dr Wakefield, who now lives and works in the US, said: "I am extremely disappointed by the outcome. "The allegations against me and my colleagues are unfounded and unjust and I invite anyone to examine the contents of these proceedings and come to their own conclusions." Referring to the parents who had supported him, he added: "I want to reassure them that the science will continue in earnest." The GMC now has to consider whether Dr Wakefield's behaviour, and that of his colleagues, amounts to serious professional misconduct and then if any sanctions should be imposed, such as striking them off the medical register. However, a ruling is not expected for some months. Medical experts said it was now important to move on from the controversy and remember that plenty of research had supported the use of the three-in-one jab. Dr Shona Hilton, of the Medical Research Council, said: "We need to continue rebuilding trust with parents that MMR vaccination is safe."





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