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If you have ever taken a good look at the Espionage Act, one thing is clear, it still doesn’t make sense how they can charge a non-citizen like Julian Assange. Let me explain…

I found some interesting information on the passing of this law and how it came to be in 1917. On Wikipedia, found here, it states:

An Act to punish acts of interference with the foreign relations, and the foreign commerce of the United States, to punish espionage, and better to enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and for other purposes.

It was intended to prohibit interference with military operations or recruitment, to prevent insubordination in the military, and to prevent the support of United States enemies during wartime.

The Espionage Act of 1917 was passed, along with the Trading with the Enemy Act, just after the United States entered World War I in April 1917. It was based on the Defense Secrets Act of 1911, especially the notions of obtaining or delivering information relating to “national defense” to a person who was not “entitled to have it”, itself based on an earlier British Official Secrets Act. The Espionage Act law imposed much stiffer penalties than the 1911 law, including the death penalty.[3]

This is where it gets tricky and makes me think that you cannot charge a foreigner under this act. Even Woodrow Wilson speaks of “citizens” in his 1915 State of the Union asking for this law to be passed.

There are citizens of the United States, I blush to admit, born under other flags but welcomed under our generous naturalization laws to the full freedom and opportunity of America, who have poured the poison of disloyalty into the very arteries of our national life; who have sought to bring the authority and good name of our Government into contempt, to destroy our industries wherever they thought it effective for their vindictive purposes to strike at them, and to debase our politics to the uses of foreign intrigue … I urge you to enact such laws at the earliest possible moment and feel that in doing so I am urging you to do nothing less than save the honor and self-respect of the nation. Such creatures of passion, disloyalty, and anarchy must be crushed out. They are not many, but they are infinitely malignant, and the hand of our power should close over them at once. They have formed plots to destroy property, they have entered into conspiracies against the neutrality of the Government, they have sought to pry into every confidential transaction of the Government in order to serve interests alien to our own. It is possible to deal with these things very effectually. I need not suggest the terms in which they may be dealt with. ~Woodrow Wilson

Looking into other times the word “citizen” appears in that wikipedia article I found this about an East German scientist’s 1980s case — from same wikipedia article, different “1980s” section:

Alfred Zehe, a scientist from East Germany, was arrested in Boston in 1983 after being caught in a government-run sting operation in which he had reviewed classified U.S. government documents in Mexico and East Germany. His attorneys contended without success that the indictment was invalid, arguing that the Espionage Act does not cover the activities of a foreign citizen outside the United States.[63][64] Zehe then pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 8 years in prison. He was released in June 1985 as part of an exchange of four East Europeans held by the U.S. for 25 people held in Poland and East Germany, none of them American.[65]

Of course, they may use this as a precedent in charging Assange.

When I clicked on the wikipedia article about Alfred Zehe himself, it only got more Orwellian what the Reagan admin and our kangaroo courts and our 1980s version of the Deep State, did, in this sting…it wasn’t even a sting against him and he was just obeying his own country to just have a look at and assess the (fake, “sting”) so called documents :

In 1982, Zehe was summoned from Puebla to the East German embassy in Mexico City to meet with East German officials, who sought Zehe’s expertise regarding recently acquired documents on sonar technology. Unbeknownst to Zehe [or them] at the time, the documents had been purchased by East German agents from an undercover U.S. operative in Washington, D.C.[4] The U.S. operative, in an FBI-managed sting operation, had gone shopping on Washington’s embassy row “to lure a spy from one or another of the Communist embassies to come out and take the bait.”[5] After purchasing the documents, the East Germans realized they lacked the expertise in Washington to evaluate the intelligence, so they called on Zehe in Mexico City. There, he reviewed the documents, which turned out to be outdated information on submarine sonar-detection, and returned to his teaching post in Puebla.[4] On November 3, 1983, Zehe was arrested while attending the annual symposium of the American Vacuum Society in Boston.[6] He was subsequently charged under the Espionage Act with conspiracy to obtain classified documents related to military technology and deliver them to a foreign government.[6] The decision to arrest him at the conference with television cameras on hand was designed to fuel public awareness of the dangers of scientific espionage.[7] The FBI later asked the American Vacuum Society to furnish it with the names of the 2600 attendees at the Boston meeting and threatened to subpoena the information. The Society declined but replied that it would comply with such a subpoena. The FBI did not pursue the matter.

“[Zehe’s defense attorney Harvey] Silverglate claimed that under any reasonable interpretation of the Espionage Act, Zehe had not committed a crime.[11]Zehe did not purchase the documents at issue in the case, but only reviewed documents presented to him in Mexico City, Silverglate asserted. He also told how at Robert Mueller‘s direction, prosecutors used “national security” as a reason to withhold documents from the defense even though they were prepared to let the East Germans review them.[3] Silverglate further contended that the indictment was invalid because the Espionage Act does not cover espionage conducted by a foreign citizen outside the United States.[6] On January 29, 1985, U.S. District Judge David S. Nelson denied Zehe’s motion to dismiss the case, ruling that the Espionage Act could be applied extraterritorially to both citizens and noncitizens because of the [we all know what he’s gonna invoke as usual -HB] threat to national security that espionage poses.[12] U.S. prosecutors then offered to allow Zehe to defect to the United States, where he could take residence and continue his academic career.[13]Despite being closely watched by the East German government, Zehe accepted this offer and agreed to defect. Shortly thereafter, however, the U.S. government refused to accept Zehe as a bona fide defector.[13] He was left with the option of either pleading guilty and hoping for a light sentence, or pleading not-guilty and testing the American legal system. On February 25, 1985, Zehe entered a plea of guilty.[6]He submitted to a full debriefing in exchange for the promise of a light sentence. He was sentenced to 8 years in prison.[14] I found this on Zehe’s Wikipedia page: 1.Mueller being a totalitarian who denies the defense access to the documents just to hurt the accused, but doubly insane since those were documents that the U.S. government was more than happy to have East Germany officials (“the enemy”) look at, but defense team wasn’t allowed to look at them..?? 2. The big picture is what? He was a citizen of another country, obeying the orders of that country’s government officials who asked for his expert opinion on documents that they showed to him and they want to get this guy under the Espionage Act?? Even if the documents were real and stolen (rather than in fact, as they were, fake ones for the “fishing expedition” by the Deep State ‘sting’ operation] I’d argue it’s still 100% unfair and INSANE. You’re going to charge the citizen of another country for obeying their own government for just LOOKING at a document, as guilty of the “treason” of the Espionage Act?? That’s nuts. You could have a citizen of some dictatorship like Qatar or Saudi Arabia who is a scientist and the Saudi/Qatari officials say, “Hey, we want your expert opinion on this [U.S.] document” and they just look at the docs and give their expert view…and that somehow makes it ok for the U.S. to charge that scientist/citizen of another country with “treason against the U.S.” ? That is incredibly insane and unjust in my opinion… …and the 1980s case was even more crazy since the documents they were looking at and commenting on were fake.

This bit of research also shows how totalitarian law gets built upon another and another in a pyramid where things get worse over time (of course same with misnamed “patriot” act…) so we must oppose every step and roll back this madness before it gets even worse… I honestly don’t think that the sane or partly sane people in Republican or Democrat party, or the Trump admin or Trump himself, etc., NONE of them are all that free to stop this(at most the best of them can only slow the progression of dangerous madness)…it’s instead mostly up to us — it’s up to enough angry Americans in the streets cooperating across political spectrum, and cooperating online, to make noise, really embarrass, write to local papers etc.

Silverglate’s own wikipedia article notes he also spoke in a memorial to Aaron Swartz — the hacktivist who Obama’s justice department assaulted so badly that Swartz hung himself…he had dedicated his life to things like opposing SOPA, the overreach “copyright” law for the internet and other online freedom causes but as I understand/recall he was ultimately nabbed for trying to release Academic Journals to the public via MIT’s paid subscriptions. Something like that but in a borderline Police State that we’ve become the last 19 years (and already bad for decades before then in the 20th century) the law came down on him with them calling for a 1M fine and 35 years in prison etc.. Isn’t Swartz’s rationale for wanting to use the MIT connection to download and make public those academic journals, something for the political “Left” and political “Right” at the ordinary citizen level, can sympathize with? This: Aaron Swartz noted that the knowledge produced at public universities and financed by US government and graduate students was not released free to the public. Instead, it was being copyrighted and benefits were not given to the authors but was being privatized and locked by for-profit corporations that did not invest in these public works. They instead earned billions of US Dollars each year for private publishers, since these publications were repackaged in academic databases that university libraries pay thousands of dollars to subscribe to so that their students can access the content. Swartz used a full text scholarly online databases, JSTOR, which he accessed through the MIT network in order to download books, journals, etc produced thanks to public funds and paid by money collected by taxpayers.

A couple of things I think are noteworthy: The Espionage act was passed just after the United States entered World War I in April 1917. It was based on the Defense Secrets Act of 1911 , especially the notions of obtaining or delivering information relating to “national defense” to a person who was not “entitled to have it”, itself based on an earlier British Official Secrets Act . The Espionage Act imposed much stiffer penalties than the 1911 law, including the death penalty. [3]

In 1989, Congressman James Traficant tried to amend 18 U.S.C. § 794 to broaden the application of the death penalty. [19] Senator Arlen Specter proposed a comparable expansion of the use of the death penalty the same year. [20] In 1994, Robert K. Dornan proposed the death penalty for the disclosure of a U.S. agent’s identity. [21] Ok, again it doesn’t seem to say that the Death Penalty was ever enacted — but, besides that the law allows for it. I also find interesting that in 1989 they “tried…to broaden the application of the death penalty.” Now we both know they are pulling out all the stops in this attack on Julian. So I ask (a) if they did it in 1989, they can do it in 2019 and (b) since they are pulling out all the stops they can probably do it on a dime. In fact, I would not put it past the DOJ to do so. Everything about this case has been illegal and corrupt.

So by simply standing up for the innocent who were murdered and being a peacemaker when the U.S. wants to destroy what they call the enemy, Julian Assange will stand trial if extradited and either spend the rest of his life in prison or get the death penalty. He will be tortured for exposing the horrendous war crimes of an empire. He spoke the truth and now he will pay for it. This is wrong in so many ways, it’s almost unbelievable.

I cannot help but share this as it comes to mind. A cartoon from George Bellows: