In this May 7, 2019, file photo, U.S. national John Fredric Todoroki leaves a local court after being arrested on allegations of operating a marijuana plantation in Ngazun Township, Mandalay region, central Myanmar. A court in Myanmar on Tuesday formally charged Todoroki and two local co-workers with violating drug laws concerning marijuana, with potential penalties ranging from five years' imprisonment to death. The defendants contend they were growing hemp, not marijuana. (AP Photo/Aung Shine Oo, File)

In this May 7, 2019, file photo, U.S. national John Fredric Todoroki leaves a local court after being arrested on allegations of operating a marijuana plantation in Ngazun Township, Mandalay region, central Myanmar. A court in Myanmar on Tuesday formally charged Todoroki and two local co-workers with violating drug laws concerning marijuana, with potential penalties ranging from five years' imprisonment to death. The defendants contend they were growing hemp, not marijuana. (AP Photo/Aung Shine Oo, File)

YANGON, Myanmar (AP) — A court in Myanmar on Tuesday formally charged an American man and two local co-workers with violating drug laws concerning marijuana, with potential penalties ranging from five years’ imprisonment to death.

The court in the central Mandalay region charged John Frederic Todoroki with violating five sections of the drugs and narcotics law covering possession, sale and trafficking of illegal drugs, lawyer Thein Than Oo said by phone. The defendants contend they were growing hemp, not marijuana. Both are subspecies of the cannabis plant genus.

The mildest penalty facing the defendants is five years if they are convicted of growing narcotic drugs. The most severe penalty is 15 years to death for trafficking narcotic drugs.

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The company that operates the 20-acre (8-hectare) farm on an industrial estate where police arrested the three late last month says it had official permission from the Mandalay regional government to grow hemp, which can be processed into CBD — cannabidiol — a non-intoxicating compound that many believe has health benefits.

Hemp can be grown legally in many countries, and is often used for making CBD products. Myanmar law does not seem to clearly distinguish between hemp and marijuana.

Police who raided the III M Nutraceutical Co. plantation said they found about 349,300 marijuana plants, 5,200 seedlings, 380 kilograms (838 pounds) of marijuana seeds, 1,804 grams (64 ounces) of marijuana oil, and chemicals and laboratory equipment.

The company said in an April 26 statement that the plants are actually hemp, and its project was approved by the Mandalay region government last August for research and development purposes. It said its farm has been growing industrial hemp, kenaf, peppermint, coffee and eucalyptus, and is strictly doing research, with no sales or distribution.

Another lawyer working on the case, Khin Maung Than, said the company received official permission for the enterprise because it was growing hemp.

Thein Than Oo said there was nothing stealthy about the project, and any action against the company should be done administratively rather than prosecuting it under the drug laws.

He expressed concern for the health of 63-year-old Todoroki, who he said had lost considerable weight since being detained after the raid.

“The heat is too strong even for locals, how could he resist the heat,” the lawyer said.

The Ngunzun township court in Mandalay’s Myingyan district scheduled its next hearing for June 4.

Todoroki’s co-defendants are Shein Latt and Shun Lei Myat Noe. When they were in court last week, Shun Lei Myat Noe’s parents said she was a simple worker at the enterprise, ignorant of what was going on and seeking mainly to improve her English-language skills.

Police have said they are also seeking to arrest Alexander Skemp Todoroki. It’s unclear where the Todorokis, believed to be father and son, last lived in the U.S.