BANGKOK - China is serious about liberalising its economy and its pace of doing so has been accelerated by its trade war with the United States, says Chinese economist and government adviser Fan Gang.

"That kind of willingness is genuine… China recognises that it needs more liberalisation to become more competitive in the global market," said the Peking University professor and president of Shenzhen-based think-tank China Development Institute.

But the pace of reforms has been hampered by what he called "vast interest groups" lobbying Beijing against lifting the protection for local firms that it has maintained for years as a developing country.

"China should move on. You have more and more companies operating internationally and enjoying international terms for competition. Why do you still have those protections?... More and more companies don't need it," Professor Fan said, referring to Chinese companies like mobile phone maker Huawei.

"Previously, China's pressure came from the top. The policymakers put pressure on the localities, on the companies, to push them to change," he said. Now, "some outside pressure may serve as a good push".

Prof Fan was speaking to The Straits Times on Tuesday (Oct 30) on the sidelines of the Forbes Global CEO Conference in Bangkok.

Global stock markets have taken a bumpy ride this year after US President Donald Trump triggered a trade war between the world's two largest economies, accusing China of stealing intellectual property and unfair trade barriers.

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A series of tit-for-tat measures has resulted in more than US$250 billion (S$346 billion) worth of Chinese goods subject to tariffs of up to 25 per cent in the US, and some US$110 billion worth of US goods are subject to reciprocal taxes in China.

Analysts expect the trade war to put a drag on global economic growth.

Mr Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping are expected to meet on the sidelines of the Group of 20 (G-20) summit in Buenos Aires next month.

Mr Trump, while saying he expects to make a "great deal" with China, has warned that he is ready to slap tariffs on even more products if a deal does not transpire.

In the face of the trade war, China should focus on developing its own market rather than retaliation, said Prof Fan.

"As long as you can really extend your market further, as long as you can attract more investment in your industrial supply chain, you can win," he said.

Asked if he was concerned that companies which export products to the US may relocate from China to third countries, Prof Fan said that was "unavoidable".

The flip side of this is that companies targeting the Chinese market may be nudged to set up base within China to avoid the tariffs, he added.

Given the complexity of modern supply chain networks, it is too early to say which country will ultimately prevail, he cautioned.

"That depends on which market is growing faster… which becomes bigger," he said. "If the China market is growing faster and becomes bigger, China may not suffer too much."