While we recently celebrated the 43rd anniversary of the Apollo 11 lunar landing, there are still many asking what happened to the flags on the moon. Those of a "certain age" (yours truly included) recall exactly where they were when Neil Armstrong and "Buzz" Aldrin descended onto the Sea of Tranquility and placed their flags.

Among the many Kodak moments from that mission, Armstrong and Aldrin promptly erected an American flag near the descent module Eagle. The deploying of the Lunar Flag Assembly, as it was known officially, would be repeated by each subsequent pair of moonwalkers.

Over the years, many have wondered what became of those historic banners. NASA officials never intended for the 5-by-3-foot nylon flags to last indefinitely. In fact, they didn't really have a plan for the flag-raising until about three months before Apollo 11's launch. As recounted in NASA Contractor Report 188251, the historic flag was purchased, literally, off the shelf for $5.50 at a local Sears store.

What Happened to the Flags on The Moon?

Aldrin reported seeing Apollo 11's moon flag blown down by rocket exhaust as he and Armstrong blasted off the lunar surface, but it's taken sharp-eyed detective work by Mark Robinson and his Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera team to learn the fate of that one and all the others. With a resolution of just 1.6 feet (0.5 meter) per pixel, LROC's twin narrow-angle cameras were up to the task of recording the landing sites in remarkable detail. "I get flag-picture questions all the time," Robinson tells me, and the cameras record one or two Apollo sites every month as part of what he calls "cartography sanity checks".

Because they've been exposed to 40 years of harsh, unfiltered sunlight and space radiation, Apollo's flags should now be pure white, their colorful stars and stripes having bleached out completely. In any case, LROC images show that the banners are still standing at five of the landing sites — and even Apollo 11's can be made out lying in the lunar dust. (The fact that they've whitened over time actually makes them easier to spot.)

LRO flies over these locations at various times of the lunar day, so its cameras sometimes record both the flags and their shadows. Moreover, the viewing angle isn't necessarily straight down: on occasion the LROC team has angled the spacecraft's view toward the illuminated sides of flags. So Robinson has assembled all of the LROC images for each Apollo landing site and created a series of digital "flip books" that show each scene with various lighting angles. "A Day at the Apollo 12 Landing Site" was just completed and posted on Friday.

Y'know, during the Apollo 12 mission, astronauts "Pete" Conrad and Alan Bean visited Surveyor 3 and returned to Earth with key parts taken from that robotic lander. So I wonder: will some future robotic lunar rover turn the tables and return a moon flag erected by one of the Apollo crews?