The biggest chunk of the money from the new tolls and fees would enable the M.T.A. to borrow money for much-needed repairs and upgrades. For example, the authority would be able to more quickly replace its aging switching and signaling system with more reliable and efficient technology. That would allow it to run more trains, since it would be able to safely reduce the distance between them.

The agency would also be assured of the money needed to finish the second phase of the Second Avenue subway line up to 125th Street. The first section, 63rd to 96th Street, is expected to open by the end of this year. At some point in the future, the line is supposed to run all the way down to Hanover Square near Wall Street. But even before then, it will go a long way toward alleviating delays and congestion on the nearby Lexington Avenue line, the most crowded in the city.

Move NY would also give the M.T.A. the money and authority to establish new subway lines. One of the most promising proposals is for a line to connect the Bronx, Queens and Brooklyn over existing rail tracks, parts of which are owned by CSX, Amtrak and the M.T.A. The 24-mile line, which supporters call the Triboro Rx, would stretch from Co-Op City in the northern Bronx to Bay Ridge in Brooklyn, passing through Astoria, Jackson Heights, East New York and Midwood.

The Triboro Rx would serve many fast-growing neighborhoods, some of which have limited or no train service now. The Regional Plan Association, which first proposed the line in the 1990s, estimates it could cost $1 billion to $2 billion, serve an initial daily ridership of 100,000 people and help reduce the time it takes to get from the Bronx to Brooklyn by as much as half an hour, a big help to many lower-income residents. Assuming the line reduces travel times by 10 to 15 minutes for the average rider, that would add up to 65 hours a year per person, the association estimates.

Similarly, the plan includes a proposal to turn existing Long Island Rail Road tracks between the Atlantic Terminal in Brooklyn and Rosedale in Queens into a new subway line. Much like the Triboro Rx, it would bring service to many neighborhoods that are miles from a subway station and would vastly reduce the cost and time it takes to travel between Brooklyn and Queens.

Finally, the legislation would set aside money for transit projects in the Hudson Valley and on Long Island. It would also create new bus service and reduce fares on express buses. And it would give money to neighborhood community boards to invest in local projects like bike lanes, bus depots, public plazas and station repairs.

The Legislature has seen some of these ideas before. Former Mayor Michael Bloomberg, for instance, offered a congestion pricing proposal in 2007, which went nowhere in the Legislature despite support from former Gov. David Paterson.