package Email::Valid; require 5.006; use strict; use warnings; use vars qw( $VERSION $RFC822PAT %AUTOLOAD $AUTOLOAD $NSLOOKUP_PAT @NSLOOKUP_PATHS $Details $Resolver $Nslookup_Path $DNS_Method $TLD $Debug ); use Carp; use IO::File; use Mail::Address; use File::Spec; use Scalar::Util 'blessed'; use bytes; $VERSION = '0.190'; %AUTOLOAD = ( fqdn => 1, fudge => 1, mxcheck => 1, tldcheck => 1, local_rules => 1, localpart => 1, ); $NSLOOKUP_PAT = 'preference|serial|expire|mail\s+exchanger'; @NSLOOKUP_PATHS = File::Spec->path(); # initialize if already loaded, better in prefork mod_perl environment $DNS_Method = defined $Net::DNS::VERSION ? 'Net::DNS' : ''; unless ($DNS_Method) { __PACKAGE__->_select_dns_method; } # initialize $Resolver if necessary if ($DNS_Method eq 'Net::DNS') { unless (defined $Resolver) { $Resolver = Net::DNS::Resolver->new; } } sub new { my $class = shift; $class = ref $class || $class; bless my $self = {}, $class; $self->_initialize; %$self = $self->_rearrange([ keys %AUTOLOAD ], \@_); return $self; } sub _initialize { my $self = shift; $self->{mxcheck} = 0; $self->{tldcheck} = 0; $self->{fudge} = 0; $self->{fqdn} = 1; $self->{allow_ip} = 1; $self->{local_rules} = 0; $self->{localpart} = 1; $self->{details} = $Details = undef; } # Pupose: handles named parameter calling style sub _rearrange { my $self = shift; my(@names) = @{ shift() }; my(@params) = @{ shift() }; my(%args); ref $self ? %args = %$self : _initialize( \%args ); return %args unless @params; unless ($params[0] =~ /^-/ and @params > 1) { while(@params) { croak 'unexpected number of parameters' unless @names; $args{ lc shift @names } = shift @params; } return %args; } while(@params) { my $param = lc substr(shift @params, 1); $args{ $param } = shift @params; } %args; } # Purpose: determine why an address failed a check sub details { my $self = shift; return (ref $self ? $self->{details} : $Details) unless @_; $Details = shift; $self->{details} = $Details if ref $self; return undef; } # Purpose: Check whether address conforms to RFC 822 syntax. sub rfc822 { my $self = shift; my %args = $self->_rearrange([qw( address )], \@_); my $addr = $args{address} or return $self->details('rfc822'); $addr = $addr->address if (blessed($addr) && $addr->isa('Mail::Address')); return $self->details('rfc822') if $addr =~ /\P{ASCII}/ or $addr !~ m/^$RFC822PAT$/o; return 1; } # Purpose: attempt to locate the nslookup utility sub _find_nslookup { my $self = shift; my $ns = 'nslookup'; foreach my $path (@NSLOOKUP_PATHS) { my $file = File::Spec->catfile($path, $ns); return "$file.exe" if ($^O eq 'MSWin32') and -x "$file.exe" and !-d _; return $file if -x $file and !-d _; } return undef; } sub _select_dns_method { # Configure a global resolver object for DNS queries # if Net::DNS is available eval { require Net::DNS }; return $DNS_Method = 'Net::DNS' unless $@; $DNS_Method = 'nslookup'; } # Purpose: perform DNS query using the Net::DNS module sub _net_dns_query { my $self = shift; my $host = shift; $Resolver = Net::DNS::Resolver->new unless defined $Resolver; my $packet = $Resolver->send($host, 'A') or croak $Resolver->errorstring; return 1 if $packet->header->ancount; $packet = $Resolver->send($host, 'MX') or croak $Resolver->errorstring; return 1 if $packet->header->ancount; return $self->details('mx'); } # Purpose: perform DNS query using the nslookup utility sub _nslookup_query { my $self = shift; my $host = shift; local($/, *OLDERR); unless ($Nslookup_Path) { $Nslookup_Path = $self->_find_nslookup or croak 'unable to locate nslookup'; } # Check for an A record return 1 if gethostbyname $host; # Check for an MX record if ($^O eq 'MSWin32' or $^O eq 'Cygwin') { # Oh no, we're on Windows! require IO::CaptureOutput; my $response = IO::CaptureOutput::capture_exec( $Nslookup_Path, '-query=mx', $host ); croak "unable to execute nslookup '$Nslookup_Path': exit $?" if $?; print STDERR $response if $Debug; $response =~ /$NSLOOKUP_PAT/io or return $self->details('mx'); return 1; } else { # phew, we're not on Windows! if (my $fh = IO::File->new('-|')) { my $response = <$fh>; print STDERR $response if $Debug; close $fh; $response =~ /$NSLOOKUP_PAT/io or return $self->details('mx'); return 1; } else { open OLDERR, '>&STDERR' or croak "cannot dup stderr: $!"; open STDERR, '>&STDOUT' or croak "cannot redirect stderr to stdout: $!"; { exec $Nslookup_Path, '-query=mx', $host; } open STDERR, ">&OLDERR"; croak "unable to execute nslookup '$Nslookup_Path': $!"; } } } # Purpose: Check whether a top level domain is valid for a domain. sub tld { my $self = shift; my %args = $self->_rearrange([qw( address )], \@_); unless (eval {require Net::Domain::TLD; Net::Domain::TLD->VERSION(1.65); 1}) { die "Net::Domain::TLD not available"; } my $host = $self->_host( $args{address} or return $self->details('tld') ); my ($tld) = $host =~ m#\.(\w+)$#; return Net::Domain::TLD::tld_exists($tld); } # Purpose: Check whether a DNS record (A or MX) exists for a domain. sub mx { my $self = shift; my %args = $self->_rearrange([qw( address )], \@_); my $host = $self->_host($args{address}) or return $self->details('mx'); $self->_select_dns_method unless $DNS_Method; if ($DNS_Method eq 'Net::DNS') { print STDERR "using Net::DNS for dns query

" if $Debug; return $self->_net_dns_query( $host ); } elsif ($DNS_Method eq 'nslookup') { print STDERR "using nslookup for dns query

" if $Debug; return $self->_nslookup_query( $host ); } else { croak "unknown DNS method '$DNS_Method'"; } } # Purpose: convert address to host # Returns: host sub _host { my $self = shift; my $addr = shift; $addr = $addr->address if (blessed($addr) && $addr->isa('Mail::Address')); my $host = ($addr =~ /^.*@(.*)$/ ? $1 : $addr); $host =~ s/\s+//g; # REMOVE BRACKETS IF IT'S A DOMAIN-LITERAL # RFC822 3.4.6 # Square brackets ("[" and "]") are used to indicate the # presence of a domain-literal, which the appropriate # name-domain is to use directly, bypassing normal # name-resolution mechanisms. $host =~ s/(^\[)|(\]$)//g; $host; } # Purpose: Fix common addressing errors # Returns: Possibly modified address sub _fudge { my $self = shift; my $addr = shift; $addr =~ s/\s+//g if $addr =~ /aol\.com$/i; $addr =~ s/,/./g if $addr =~ /compuserve\.com$/i; $addr; } # Purpose: Special address restrictions on a per-domain basis. # Caveats: These organizations may change their rules at any time. sub _local_rules { my $self = shift; my($user, $host) = @_; # AOL addresses cannot: # - Be shorter than 3 or longer than 16 characters # - Begin with numerals # - Contain periods, underscores, dashes or other punctuation characters # # http://postmaster.info.aol.com/faq.html # Last updated: Aug 23, 2003 if ($host =~ /aol\.com/i) { return undef unless $user =~ /^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]{2,15}$/; } 1; } sub _valid_local_part { my ($self, $localpart) = @_; return 0 unless defined $localpart and length $localpart <= 64; return 1; } sub _valid_domain_parts { my ($self, $string) = @_; return unless $string and length $string <= 255; return if $string =~ /\.\./; my @labels = split /\./, $string; for my $label (@labels) { return 0 unless $self->_is_domain_label($label); } return scalar @labels; } sub _is_domain_label { my ($self, $string) = @_; return unless $string =~ /\A [A-Z0-9] # must start with an alnum (?: [-A-Z0-9]* # then maybe a dash or alnum [A-Z0-9] # finally ending with an alnum )? # lather, rinse, repeat \z/ix; return 1; } # Purpose: Put an address through a series of checks to determine # whether it should be considered valid. sub address { my $self = shift; my %args = $self->_rearrange([qw( address fudge mxcheck tldcheck fqdn local_rules )], \@_); my $addr = $args{address} or return $self->details('rfc822'); $addr = $addr->address if (blessed($addr) && $addr->isa('Mail::Address')); $addr = $self->_fudge( $addr ) if $args{fudge}; $self->rfc822( -address => $addr ) or return undef; ($addr) = Mail::Address->parse( $addr ); $addr or return $self->details('rfc822'); # This should never happen if (length($addr->address) > 254) { return $self->details('address_too_long'); } if ($args{local_rules}) { $self->_local_rules( $addr->user, $addr->host ) or return $self->details('local_rules'); } if ($args{localpart}) { $self->_valid_local_part($addr->user) > 0 or return $self->details('localpart'); } my $ip_ok = $args{allow_ip} && $addr->host =~ /\A\[ (?:[0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3} /x; if (! $ip_ok && $args{fqdn}) { my $domain_parts = $self->_valid_domain_parts($addr->host); return $self->details('fqdn') unless $ip_ok || ($domain_parts && $domain_parts > 1); } if (! $ip_ok && $args{tldcheck}) { $self->tld( $addr->host ) or return $self->details('tldcheck'); } if ($args{mxcheck}) { # I'm not sure this ->details call is needed, but I'll test for it later. # The whole ->details thing is... weird. -- rjbs, 2006-06-08 $self->mx( $addr->host ) or return $self->details('mxcheck'); } return (wantarray ? ($addr->address, $addr) : $addr->address); } sub AUTOLOAD { my $self = shift; my $type = ref($self) || die "$self is not an object"; my $name = $AUTOLOAD; $name =~ s/.*://; return if $name eq 'DESTROY'; die "unknown autoload name '$name'" unless $AUTOLOAD{$name}; return (@_ ? $self->{$name} = shift : $self->{$name}); } # Regular expression built using Jeffrey Friedl's example in # _Mastering Regular Expressions_ (http://www.ora.com/catalog/regexp/). $RFC822PAT = <<'EOF'; [\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\ xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xf f

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*(?:(?:[^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\x ff]+(?![^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff])|"[^\\\x80-\xff

\015 "]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015"]*)*")[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\ xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80 -\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]* )*(?:\.[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\ \\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\ x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*(?:[^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x8 0-\xff]+(?![^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff])|"[^\\\x80-\xff

\015"]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015"]*)*")[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x 80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^ \x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040 \t]*)*)*@[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([ ^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\ \\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*(?:[^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\ x80-\xff]+(?![^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff])|\[(?:[^\\\x80- \xff

\015\[\]]|\\[^\x80-\xff])*\])[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015() ]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\ x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*(?:\.[\04 0\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff\ n\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\ 015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*(?:[^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff]+(?! [^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff])|\[(?:[^\\\x80-\xff

\015\[\ ]]|\\[^\x80-\xff])*\])[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\ x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\01 5()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*)*|(?:[^(\040)<>@,;:". \\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff]+(?![^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff] )|"[^\\\x80-\xff

\015"]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015"]*)*")[^ ()<>@,;:".\\\[\]\x80-\xff\000-\010\012-\037]*(?:(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\0 15()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][ ^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)|"[^\\\x80-\xff\ n\015"]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015"]*)*")[^()<>@,;:".\\\[\]\ x80-\xff\000-\010\012-\037]*)*<[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(? :(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80- \xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*(?:@[\040\t]* (?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015 ()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015() ]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*(?:[^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff]+(?![^(\0 40)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff])|\[(?:[^\\\x80-\xff

\015\[\]]|\\ [^\x80-\xff])*\])[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\ xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]* )*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*(?:\.[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80 -\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x 80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t ]*)*(?:[^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff]+(?![^(\040)<>@,;:".\\ \[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff])|\[(?:[^\\\x80-\xff

\015\[\]]|\\[^\x80-\xff]) *\])[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x 80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80 -\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*)*(?:,[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015( )]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\ \x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*@[\040\t ]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\0 15()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015 ()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*(?:[^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff]+(?![^( \040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff])|\[(?:[^\\\x80-\xff

\015\[\]]| \\[^\x80-\xff])*\])[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80 -\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015() ]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*(?:\.[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x 80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^ \x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040 \t]*)*(?:[^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff]+(?![^(\040)<>@,;:". \\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff])|\[(?:[^\\\x80-\xff

\015\[\]]|\\[^\x80-\xff ])*\])[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\ \x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x 80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*)*)*:[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015 ()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\ \\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*)?(?:[^ (\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff]+(?![^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000- \037\x80-\xff])|"[^\\\x80-\xff

\015"]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff\ n\015"]*)*")[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]| \([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)) [^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*(?:\.[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\x ff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*( ?:[^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff]+(?![^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\ 000-\037\x80-\xff])|"[^\\\x80-\xff

\015"]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\ xff

\015"]*)*")[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\x ff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*) *\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*)*@[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\x ff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80- \xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*) *(?:[^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff]+(?![^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\ ]\000-\037\x80-\xff])|\[(?:[^\\\x80-\xff

\015\[\]]|\\[^\x80-\xff])*\] )[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80- \xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\x ff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*(?:\.[\040\t]*(?:\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*( ?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80 -\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\)[\040\t]*)*(?:[^(\040)< >@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x80-\xff]+(?![^(\040)<>@,;:".\\\[\]\000-\037\x8 0-\xff])|\[(?:[^\\\x80-\xff

\015\[\]]|\\[^\x80-\xff])*\])[\040\t]*(?: \([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*(?:(?:\\[^\x80-\xff]|\([^\\\x80-\xff

\015()] *(?:\\[^\x80-\xff][^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*)*\))[^\\\x80-\xff

\015()]*) *\)[\040\t]*)*)*>) EOF $RFC822PAT =~ s/

//g; 1; __END__ =head1 NAME Email::Valid - Check validity of Internet email addresses =head1 SYNOPSIS use Email::Valid; print (Email::Valid->address('maurice@hevanet.com') ? 'yes' : 'no'); =head1 DESCRIPTION This module determines whether an email address is well-formed, and optionally, whether a mail host exists for the domain. Please note that there is no way to determine whether an address is deliverable without attempting delivery (for details, see perlfaq 9). =head1 PREREQUISITES This module requires perl 5.004 or later and the Mail::Address module. Either the Net::DNS module or the nslookup utility is required for DNS checks. The Net::Domain::TLD module is required to check the validity of top level domains. =head1 METHODS Every method which accepts an <ADDRESS> parameter may be passed either a string or an instance of the Mail::Address class. All errors raise an exception. =over 4 =item new ( [PARAMS] ) This method is used to construct an Email::Valid object. It accepts an optional list of named parameters to control the behavior of the object at instantiation. The following named parameters are allowed. See the individual methods below of details. -mxcheck -tldcheck -fudge -fqdn -allow_ip -local_rules =item mx ( <ADDRESS>|<DOMAIN> ) This method accepts an email address or domain name and determines whether a DNS record (A or MX) exists for it. The method returns true if a record is found and undef if not. Either the Net::DNS module or the nslookup utility is required for DNS checks. Using Net::DNS is the preferred method since error handling is improved. If Net::DNS is available, you can modify the behavior of the resolver (e.g. change the default tcp_timeout value) by manipulating the global Net::DNS::Resolver instance stored in $Email::Valid::Resolver. =item rfc822 ( <ADDRESS> ) This method determines whether an address conforms to the RFC822 specification (except for nested comments). It returns true if it conforms and undef if not. =item fudge ( <TRUE>|<FALSE> ) Specifies whether calls to address() should attempt to correct common addressing errors. Currently, this results in the removal of spaces in AOL addresses, and the conversion of commas to periods in Compuserve addresses. The default is false. =item allow_ip ( <TRUE>|<FALSE> ) Specifies whether a "domain literal" is acceptable as the domain part. That means addresses like: C<rjbs@[1.2.3.4]> The checking for the domain literal is stricter than the RFC and looser than checking for a valid IP address, I<but this is subject to change>. The default is true. =item fqdn ( <TRUE>|<FALSE> ) Species whether addresses passed to address() must contain a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). The default is true. B<Please note!> FQDN checks only occur for non-domain-literals. In other words, if you have set C<allow_ip> and the address ends in a bracketed IP address, the FQDN check will not occur. =item tld ( <ADDRESS> ) This method determines whether the domain part of an address is in a recognized top-level domain. B<Please note!> TLD checks only occur for non-domain-literals. In other words, if you have set C<allow_ip> and the address ends in a bracketed IP address, the TLD check will not occur. =item local_rules ( <TRUE>|<FALSE> ) Specifies whether addresses passed to address() should be tested for domain specific restrictions. Currently, this is limited to certain AOL restrictions that I'm aware of. The default is false. =item mxcheck ( <TRUE>|<FALSE> ) Specifies whether addresses passed to address() should be checked for a valid DNS entry. The default is false. =item tldcheck ( <TRUE>|<FALSE> ) Specifies whether addresses passed to address() should be checked for a valid top level domains. The default is false. =item address ( <ADDRESS> ) This is the primary method which determines whether an email address is valid. It's behavior is modified by the values of mxcheck(), tldcheck(), local_rules(), fqdn(), and fudge(). If the address passes all checks, the (possibly modified) address is returned as a string. Otherwise, the undefined value is returned. In a list context, the method also returns an instance of the Mail::Address class representing the email address. =item details () If the last call to address() returned undef, you can call this method to determine why it failed. Possible values are: rfc822 localpart local_rules fqdn mxcheck tldcheck If the class is not instantiated, you can get the same information from the global $Email::Valid::Details. =back =head1 EXAMPLES Let's see if the address 'maurice@hevanet.com' conforms to the RFC822 specification: print (Email::Valid->address('maurice@hevanet.com') ? 'yes' : 'no'); Additionally, let's make sure there's a mail host for it: print (Email::Valid->address( -address => 'maurice@hevanet.com', -mxcheck => 1 ) ? 'yes' : 'no'); Let's see an example of how the address may be modified: $addr = Email::Valid->address('Alfred Neuman <Neuman @ foo.bar>'); print "$addr

"; # prints Neuman@foo.bar Now let's add the check for top level domains: $addr = Email::Valid->address( -address => 'Neuman@foo.bar', -tldcheck => 1 ); print "$addr

"; # doesn't print anything Need to determine why an address failed? unless(Email::Valid->address('maurice@hevanet')) { print "address failed $Email::Valid::Details check.

"; } If an error is encountered, an exception is raised. This is really only possible when performing DNS queries. Trap any exceptions by wrapping the call in an eval block: eval { $addr = Email::Valid->address( -address => 'maurice@hevanet.com', -mxcheck => 1 ); }; warn "an error was encountered: $@" if $@; =head1 BUGS Email::Valid should work with Perl for Win32. In my experience, however, Net::DNS queries seem to take an extremely long time when a record cannot be found. =head1 AUTHOR Copyright 1998-2003, Maurice Aubrey E<lt>maurice@hevanet.comE<gt>. All rights reserved. This module is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =head1 CREDITS Significant portions of this module are based on the ckaddr program written by Tom Christiansen and the RFC822 address pattern developed by Jeffrey Friedl. Neither were involved in the construction of this module; all errors are mine. Thanks very much to the following people for their suggestions and bug fixes: Otis Gospodnetic <otis@DOMINIS.com> Kim Ryan <kimaryan@ozemail.com.au> Pete Ehlke <pde@listserv.music.sony.com> Lupe Christoph David Birnbaum Achim Elizabeth Mattijsen (liz@dijkmat.nl) =head1 SEE ALSO Mail::Address, Net::DNS, Net::Domain::TLD, perlfaq9 =cut