Executive Summary

Introduction: Postcards from the Edge of a Climate Breakdown

Part 1: The Scientific Basis and Moral Imperative for Urgent Climate Action

Part 2: Geoengineering: Carbon Dioxide Removal, Solar Radiation Management, and Beyond

– “…with Carbon Capture & Storage”: Why CCS is Vital to the Geoengineering Debate Geoengineering May Entrench Fossil Fuel Interests

Part 3: Asphalt Fields and Black Carbon Skies: A Brief History of Fossil Fuels and Weather Modification

– Early Oil Industry Interest in Weather Modification

– The Importance of Acknowledging this Early Fossil Fuel Interest

Part 4: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Negative Emissions: The Pervasive Role of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage

– Carbon In, Carbon Out: Captured Carbon and Enhanced Oil Recovery

– How Carbon Dioxide Removal will “Save” the Coal Industry

– Industry’s Pervasive Role in CCS Resarch and Policy

– Carbon Dioxide Removal and Oil’s Plans for the Next Petroleum Century

– Direct Air Capture: Turning Renewable Energy into New Carbon Emissions

– Enhanced Weathering and Carbon Mineralization

– Ocean Iron Fertilization and Alkalinization

Part 5: Bioenergy, BECCS, and the Real Cost of Carbon Accounting

– Fossil Industry Investment in Biofuels and BECCS

Part 6: Paved with Good Intentions: The Danger and Distraction of Solar Radiation Modification

– Burning Fossil Fuels Proved SRM is Possible—and Demonstrated Its Risks

– Early Industry Interest in SRM and Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Counting—and Not

– Counting—the Costs of SRM

– This is a Test. But is it Only a Test?

– Industry Influence in SRM

– The New Climate Denial

Part 7: We Must and Can Stay Below 1.5oC without Geoengineering

– Renewables are Eliminating the Rationale for Coal and Gas in Energy Generation

– The Pace of Renewable Deployments Consistently Exceeds Official Forecasts

– The Energy Revolution in the Transport Sector Extends Far Beyond Cars

– Low-Tech, Win-Win Approaches to Climate Mitigation and Carbon Removal are Ready to Be Scaled Up 59

Part 8: Conclusions

Endnotes