This is the second article about SimepleTest (the first one was at Testing PHP code with SimpleTest ) where I discuss how to test an already written application top down without caring how the individual functions behave. This entry was first sent out as part of the Test Automation Tips. Visit here to subscribe. Welcome back I continue to write about testing PHP. This time I'll focus on testing an already existing web application that might, or might not have nice code. See also Testing PHP code with SimpleTest. Testing PHP Applications While it is nice to know we'll be able to test each one of the functions or classes on its own in many cases that's not how things work. For this testing method to work you have to be able to separate the functionality of each function and class and test them in isolation. Especially when you already have a partially or fully working application probably written by someone else who wrote spaghetti code, it would be impossible to write tests in isolation. It will be probably also a waste of energy as soon you are going to start to clean up that code changing the internal structure, changing how functions work and building up - hopefully - a cleaner code-base. In such cases it is much better to start from the top down. Test the functionality of the application without even knowing about the internal structure of the code. Actually the application does not even need to be written in PHP for this type of testing. Fetching a web page We are going to imitate the web browser, access a web site and check if the returned page contains the information as we expect. We keep using the SimpleTest framework that was introduced in the previous article. We subclass the WebTestCase class which provides a "get" method to retrieve a web page given a URL. In itself that's not yet an assertion so we wrap it with the already familiar assertTrue method. We can do that as WebTestClass is a subclass of UnitTestCase. <?php require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/autorun.php'); require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/web_tester.php'); class TestOfCalculator extends WebTestCase { function testBasicCalc() { $url = 'http://localhost:8081/php/calc/basic_calc.php'; $this->assertTrue($this->get($url)); } } ?> We access the file using our browser. The resulting output is similar to what we saw earlier when we just tried to test an internal function. Application under test In order to allow you to check out the scripts let me include the "application" that I am testing: <html> <head><title>Scientific Calculator</title></head> <body> <h2>Basic Calculator</h2> <form method="GET"> <table> <tr><td>Value:</td><td><input name="a" ></td></tr> <tr><td>Value:</td><td><input name="b" ></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td><input name="submit" type="submit" value="Add"></td></tr> </table> </form> <?php function add($a, $b) { return $a+$b; } if ($_GET[submit] == 'Add') { print "Result: $_GET[a]+$_GET[b]="; print add($_GET[a], $_GET[b]); } ?> </body> </html> Check web page content The previous test only checked if a page was returned but not the content of the page so we add another assertion that checks if a given string can be found in the text of the web page. <?php require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/autorun.php'); require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/web_tester.php'); class TestOfCalculator extends WebTestCase { function testBasicCalc() { $url = 'http://localhost:8081/php/calc/basic_calc.php'; $this->assertTrue($this->get($url)); $this->assertText('Basic Calculator'); } } ?> Check web page title The same way can can check if the page title is correct using the assertTitle method. <?php require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/autorun.php'); require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/web_tester.php'); class TestOfCalculator extends WebTestCase { function testBasicCalc() { $url = 'http://localhost:8081/php/calc/basic_calc.php'; $this->assertTrue($this->get($url)); $this->assertText('Basic Calculator'); $this->assertTitle('Scientific Calculator'); } } ?> Check web page content a failure It's really nice to see everything working but there will be times when you encounter a problem. For example that certain text is missing from the web page: <?php require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/autorun.php'); require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/web_tester.php'); class TestOfCalculator extends WebTestCase { function testBasicCalc() { $url = 'http://localhost:8081/php/calc/basic_calc.php'; $this->assertTrue($this->get($url)); $this->assertText('Basic Calculator'); $this->assertTitle('Scientific Calculator'); $this->assertText('Real Calculator'); } } ?> This will fail with the following output: web04.php Fail: TestOfCalculator -> testBasicCalc -> Text [Real Calculator] not detected in [String: Scientific Calculator Basic Calculator Value: Value:] at [.../examples/php/simpletest/web04.php line 14] 1/1 test cases complete: 3 passes, 1 fails and 0 exceptions. Checking forms To further check if the page is correct we could check, using assertField(), if the form we expect to be on the page has the input fields as we expect them. We can even check if they have the correct preset values. <?php require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/autorun.php'); require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/web_tester.php'); class TestOfCalculator extends WebTestCase { function testBasicCalc() { $url = 'http://localhost:8081/php/calc/basic_calc.php'; $this->assertTrue($this->get($url)); $this->assertText('Basic Calculator'); $this->assertTitle('Scientific Calculator'); $this->assertField('a', ''); $this->assertField('b', ''); } } ?> Unfortunately due to external limitations currently this code cannot recognize if there are more than one forms on the page and will mash them together for our purposes. Submit form The setField can be used to set the value in a field and the click method to submit submit the form by clicking a button. After submitting the form we should check if <?php require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/autorun.php'); require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/web_tester.php'); class TestOfCalculator extends WebTestCase { function testBasicCalc() { $url = 'http://localhost:8081/php/calc/basic_calc.php'; $this->assertTrue($this->get($url)); $this->assertText('Basic Calculator'); $this->assertTitle('Scientific Calculator'); $this->assertField('a', ''); $this->assertField('b', ''); $this->setField('a', 19); $this->setField('b', 23); $this->assertTrue($this->click('Add')); $this->assertText('Result: 19+23=42'); } } ?> Check for text that should not be there In a previous example we checked if the parts of a form are in place and then immediately we submitted a form with correct values. We could in fact check a couple of more things. For example we could check if the "Result" string appears on the page when we access it for the first time without parameters. We could also submit the form with missing or bogus data and see how the application reacts. Especially we can use the assertNoText assertion to check if a certain text does NOT appear on the page. <?php require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/autorun.php'); require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../tools/simpletest/web_tester.php'); class TestOfCalculator extends WebTestCase { function testBasicCalc() { $url = 'http://localhost:8081/php/calc/basic_calc.php'; $this->assertTrue($this->get($url)); $this->assertText('Basic Calculator'); $this->assertTitle('Scientific Calculator'); $this->assertField('a', ''); $this->assertField('b', ''); $this->assertNoText('Result:'); $this->assertTrue($this->clickSubmit('Add')); $this->assertText('Result:'); } } ?> This way we can write test for an application without caring how it was written or in fact in what languages it is written. Once we are reasonably comfortable with our tests we can start to refactor the application. Further reading about PHP SimpleTest The PHP SimpleTest framework provides lots of additional tools for testing your application. The documentation for the UnitTestCase class with the list of various assert methods can be found here. This entry was first sent out as part of the Test Automation Tips. Visit here to subscribe.