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Daylight Saving Time (DST) —the practice of moving the clock back by one hour the first weekend in November—is practiced by over 70 countries around the world.

DST was first proposed in 1895 by New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, based on his theory that doing so would maximize the use of the sun’s light. Canada was the first to use DST in 1908, followed by Germany and Austria in 1916 and then in 1918 in the United States.

Research on Daylight Saving Time

Daylight Saving Time (DST) was used as a tool to conserve energy. However, research on the effects of DST on energy savings has shown no significant results. As such, some countries have continued to remain on Standard Time, forgoing DST altogether. In fact, several states and US territories choose not to practice DST—with more considering a halt to the time shifting.

Daylight Saving Time has been shown to affect our health, both mental and physical. Studies report that falling back to gain one hour of daylight in the autumn months causes reductions in sleep and increases rates of cardiac issues, stroke, cortisol production, and vehicular accidents. The good news is that these issues are worst within the first three weeks of Daylight Saving Time. As our body’s adjusts to the time change, the risk of these adverse experiences greatly reduces.

However, one of the most salient findings regarding DST is the negative effect it has on mood, particularly in the northern latitudes of the earth. For those of us who live with , this time of year requires us to practice self-care to offset the lack of feel-good sunlight. While many succeed, there are some people who cannot successfully reduce their depressive symptoms.

Try as we might to exercise, watch what we eat, and keep a healthy sleep schedule, the depressed mood, irritability, and difficulty thinking and concentrating worsens. This is a clinical disorder, one that begins and ends at about the same time every year—when DST starts and finishes and the seasons change. It's called Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).

Seasonal Affective Disorder is a type of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). This specifier of Major Depressive Disorder occurs seasonally. Symptoms of SAD include many of the same symptoms of depression: sadness, , lost interest in usual activities, withdrawal from social activities, inability to concentrate, hopelessness, and despair. The difference, though, is that these symptoms resolve each spring and tend to occur again in late fall.

I live with Persistent Depressive Disorder (formally called Dysthymic Disorder) and must take extra care during Daylight Saving Time to ensure I don't fall into what's called a double depression — a severe depression caused by two (PDD and MDD). When the sun sinks faster into the horizon and a crisp chill falls into the night air, I know I need to ready myself for the seasonal issues that come with Daylight Saving Time. I follow these tips personally and recommend them professionally to all I work with.

Self-Care Tips for Daylight Saving Time