NOVEMBER 22, 1963 By John Armstrong

In the early morning hours of November 22, some 12 hours before the assassination, Mary Lawrence was working at the B & B Restaurant, just two doors from Jack Ruby's Vegas Club. She was the head waitress and had known Jack Ruby for the past eight years. She and the night cashier saw Jack Ruby and a person identical to Lee Harvey Oswald in the restaurant shortly after midnight on November 22. Following the assassination, she reported this to the Dallas Police and received a phone call on December 3 from an unknown male who stated, she said, "If you don't want to die, you better get out of town." When subsequently questioned by the Dallas Police, Mary Lawrence stated that the man with Ruby was "positively Lee Harvey Oswald." Neither Mary Lawrence nor her friend were interviewed by the Warren Commission. Adding some credibility to Mary Lawrence's report is the fact that few people in America knew back then what we know today--that Jack Ruby and (LEE) Harvey Oswald were seen together by many witnesses, in different locations, prior to the assassination, who gave statements to that effect to Dallas and D.C. authorities.

See Dallas Police Department report of Mary Lawrence's observations.

The Warren Commission's version of Oswald's actions on November 22, 1963, is familiar to many. What follows are the actual activities and whereabouts of LEE Oswald and HARVEY Oswald on that infamous day. Russian-speaking HARVEY Oswald didn't drive and didn't have a driver's license. Around 7:15 AM, he walked the short distance to Wesley Frazier's house in Irving, TX and rode with Frazier to the Texas School Book Depository (TSBD) in Dallas, where he was employed. While HARVEY was riding in Frazier's car, American-born LEE Oswald, wearing a white shirt , was seen in Oak Cliff, a suburb of Dallas. J.W. "Dub" Stark was the owner of the Top 10 Record Store located at 338 W. Jefferson, across the street and a block and a half west of the Texas Theater. On December 3, 1963, FBI agent Carl E. Walters wrote a memo to the FBI's SAC (Special Agent in Charge) in Dallas. The memo stated, "On 12/3/63, Mr. John D. Whitten, telephonically advised that he heard Lee Harvey Oswald was in the Top 10 Record Shop on Jefferson on the morning of 11/22/63. Oswald bought a ticket of some kind and left. Then some time later, Oswald returned to the record shop and wanted to buy another ticket." News reporter Earl Golz confirmed this story in his interview with Mr. Stark (notes of Earl Golz). This story was further confirmed by Top 10 Record store employee Louis Cortinas, also in an interview conducted by Earl Golz (notes of Earl Golz). Around 8:30 AM, while HARVEY was working at the TSBD, LEE Oswald entered the Jiffy store at 310 S. Industrial and took two bottles of beer to the counter. Fred Moore, the store clerk, asked Oswald for identification. FBI Special Agent (SA) David Barry interviewed Moore on 12/02/1963. Barry wrote, "identification of this individual arose when he asked him for identification as to proof of age for purchase of two bottles of beer. Moore said he figured the man was over 21 but the store frequently requires proof by reason of past difficulties with local authorities for serving beer to minors. This customer said, 'sure I got ID' and pulled a Texas drivers license from his billfold. Moore said that he noted the name appeared as Lee Oswald or possibly as H. Lee Oswald. As Moore recalled, the birth date on the license was 1939 and he thought it to have been the 10th month." See FBI report on 11/30/63 interview with Fred Moore.





PRESIDENT KENNEDY IS SHOT AND KILLED



Minutes before the assassination seven eye witnesses saw two men on the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository. One of the men was wearing a white or light colored shirt and the other a dark jacket or dark clothing. Most of these witnesses said the man wearing the white shirt looked like (LEE) Harvey Oswald. Several witnesses saw one of the men ( light colored shirt ) holding a rifle with a scope. Across the street, on the 5th and 6th floors of the county jail, as many as 40 inmates saw two men on the 6th floor "fooling around" with a scope on a rifle about six minutes before the assassination. Attorney Stanley Kaufman represented one of the inmates, Willie Mitchell, and advised the Warren Commission that numerous inmates witnessed the assassination and saw two men on the 6th floor. Kaufman always wondered why the WC never interviewed any of these witnesses.



Mrs. Robert Reid was standing a few feet in front of the front steps to the TSBD when the shooting occurred. She then briefly spoke with with building superintendent Roy Truly and TSBD official O.V. Campbell before returning to her office on the 2nd floor. As she entered the front door of her office, Mrs. Reid saw a man wearing a white t-shirt enter the office from the rear door. She recognized the young man as (LEE) Harvey Oswald and said he was carrying a coke in his right hand. Oswald mumbled something to Mrs. Reid as he walked towards the front door of the office, and then down the front stairs and out of the building. As Mrs. Reid was walking into the TSBD, Dallas Police Department (DPD) officer Marion Baker got off his motorcycle, ran 45 feet to the front steps of the TSBD, and began speaking with Roy Truly. Truly and Baker hurried through the main entrance, through the double doors, and into the first floor warehouse. By this time LEE Oswald, wearing a white t-shirt and carrying a Coke, had already left the TSBD. Truly repeatedly pushed the button to call the west freight elevator, gave up, and he and Baker then ran up the rear stairs. Baker emerged from the stairway onto the second floor and caught a glimpse of HARVEY Oswald through the glass window in the hallway door. Baker drew his pistol and hollered, "Come here." (HARVEY) Oswald, wearing a brown button-down shirt , was confronted by Baker at arms length. WC member Allen Dulles asked Baker, "Did he have a coke?" Baker replied, "No, sir.... No drink at all." After Mr. Truly told Baker that Oswald worked in the building, the two men left the lunchroom and continued running up the stairs. HARVEY Oswald, wearing a brown shirt , walked down the rear stairs, picked up his grey jacket from the domino room, and began walking toward the main entrance. As he was preparing to leave the building he was confronted by Pierce Allman and Terrence Ford (employees of WFAA-TV) who asked for the location of a phone. HARVEY Oswald, when questioned by Capt. Fritz, said that he watched one of the men use the phone as he walked out the foyer. Victoria Adams, who worked in the TSBD, told the WC that she observed a man standing on the corner of Houston and Elm a few minutes after the assassination who may have been Jack Ruby. Across the street Mrs. Louis Velez, and two co-workers, saw Ruby walking up and down the street near the TSBD. When LEE Oswald came out of the building, they saw Ruby give a pistol to him. The women knew Oswald, who ate with them at a nearby restaurant, and both were acquainted with Jack Ruby. Mrs. Velez told her story of Ruby giving Oswald a pistol to her mother (Mrs. Evelyn Harris), who was interviewed by FBI agent Manning on 11/30/63. Neither Mrs. Velez nor her co-workers were interviewed by the DPD or FBI and given the opportunity to confirm or deny their story. If their story is true, then Ruby was deeply involved in the assassination. Ruby knew and associated with LEE Oswald in the summer of 1963, while HARVEY and Marina were living in New Orleans. In October, a three-man musical "combo" group was performing in Ruby's club that consisted of John Anderson (trumpet), Bill Willis (drums), and William Simmons (piano). The small group worked only four hours a day, from 9 PM to 1 AM. Curiously, and without explanation, Willis and Simmons lived fifteen miles away from the Carousel Club, in a house located at 2530 W. 5th in Irving, TX., just 200 feet west on the opposite side of the street from Ruth Paine (2515 W. 5th). When Ruby shot HARVEY Oswald, Nancy Powell (Tammi True) told the WC that she saw Bill Willis (drummer) near the police station. Neither Willis nor Simmons were interviewed by the WC.





This is Ruth Paine's home as seen from 5th St. Jack Ruby band members Bill Willis and William Simmons

lived in a house located just 200 feet west, on the opposite side of 5th St., where they could easily watch the Paine home.







HARVEY, WEARING A LONG-SLEEVED BROWN SHIRT, LEAVES DEALEY PLAZA



A few minutes after President Kennedy was shot HARVEY Oswald, wearing a long-sleeve brown shirt, left the book depository. HARVEY Oswald walked east on Elm Street and saw a city bus stopped in traffic as he was approaching Griffin St. He walked to the bus and began pounding on the door. Driver Cecil McWatters opened the door and allowed HARVEY Oswald, and a blond woman, to board the bus around 12:40 PM. NOTE: Stuart L. Reed, a 30-year army veteran, photographed McWatters' bus a few blocks from the TSBD at about the very time HARVEY Oswald was on it. Reed was a U.S. government employee, managing civilian employees under the auspices of the U.S. Army, which was in charge of the Panama Canal.

The bus was soon stalled in traffic and about 4 minutes later Oswald got up from his seat, obtained a bus transfer, and left the bus via the front door. The blond woman left the bus at the same time via the rear door. This blond woman may have been following Oswald, may have followed him to Whaley's cab, and may have been the woman who asked Whaley to call a taxi for her. HARVEY Oswald walked three blocks south on Lamar St. toward the Greyhound Bus station and got into William Whaley's taxi. Whaley said, "He wasn't in any hurry. He wasn't nervous or anything." Oswald was wearing a dark brown button-up shirt, a t-shirt, and a grey jacket. NOTE: Stuart L. Reed took a second photograph of McWatters' bus a few minutes later while the bus was stalled in traffic close to the TSBD. This was very near the time two police officers boarded the bus, looking for HARVEY Oswald. Reed then took a photo of the 6th floor window of the TSBD, and one hour later he took several photos of HARVEY Oswald as he was being escorted from the Texas Theater in handcuffs. Stuart Reed took all of these photos, which sequentially followed Oswald's movements, within 1 1/2 hours. Reed dropped his film off at a photo lab in Dallas, and then hurried to New Orleans to catch a boat to the Canal Zone. Prior to boarding the boat, Reed signed an authorization that allowed the FBI to pick up his developed photo slides in Dallas. The FBI told the WC that a government executive (Reed), answering to the military, took the photos. This seemed to satisfy the WC, and Reed dropped out of sight without ever seeing his photos.







Reed's photo of McWaters' bus as it approached the School Book Depository.

Reed's second photo of McWaters' bus shows it stalled in traffic near the TSBD.







THE ATTEMPTED MURDER OF HARVEY OSWALD

Some of the brightest minds in the CIA planned the assassination of President Kennedy. Top-level CIA officers like Angleton, Phillips, Hunt, Joannides, and others could easily put together a hit team based on the Operation 40 group. And they were very experienced in creating a smoke and mirrors propaganda campaign and an evidentiary paper trail that would be easy for investigators (Warren Commission) to follow and fall in line behind, with the intractable conclusion that Oswald killed the President. A tremendous amount of time, money, and effort was put into setting up HARVEY Oswald as the one and only “patsy” in the murder of President Kennedy. And these people could not afford to have their one and only suspect remain alive for very long-with the real fear that he might start singing like a canary to the police. The longer he was held in custody, the greater that risk became. They needed him dead as quickly as possible after he left the TSBD on 11/22/63. But HARVEY Oswald's destination, likely chosen by his handlers, was clearly the Texas Theater.



Following the assassination of President Kennedy, the killing of (HARVEY) Oswald was the number one priority for the planners. This posed a serious problem because the planners were not "on the ground" in Dallas to carry out their objective and had to depend on others. Their worst nightmare would be if HARVEY Oswald was arrested and began revealing details of his work as a spy, his false defection to the USSR, his true identity and place of birth, the CIA's "Oswald Project," his undercover work for the FBI, and his activities leading up to the assassination. If Oswald talked he could not only demonstrate his innocence, but implicate others, and the public would soon learn who was behind the coup d'etat that killed JFK. After JFK was killed, eliminating Oswald as quickly as possible became their most urgent priority. It appears the first attempt to kill HARVEY Oswald may have been on a Dallas city bus driven by Cecil McWatters. Bus passenger Roy Milton Jones told the FBI that shortly after a man (HARVEY Oswald) got off the bus, two police officers boarded the bus and searched passengers for weapons. This was before anyone knew that HARVEY Oswald had left the TSBD. Why did two police search that particular bus? Answer: They knew that HARVEY Oswald was supposed to be on that bus. Who were these police officers?





DALLAS POLICE CAPTAIN W.R. WESTBROOK



Captain W. R. Westbrook was in charge of personnel at Dallas Police headquarters. He had his own office, worked at a desk, and dressed in plainclothes. Westbrook's work, on a day to day basis, was more like a civilian than a police officer. He told the WC, "At the present time I am personnel officer. We conduct all background investigations of applicants, both civilian and police, and then we make--we investigate all personnel complaints--not all of them, but the major ones." Around 12:31-32 PM one of the DPD dispatchers, Mrs. Kinney, came into Westbrook's office and told him shots had been fired at President Kennedy. Westbrook sent officers from his office, Sergeants Stringer and Carver, and possibly Joe Fields and McGee, to the TSBD building. But why did Westbrook send his officers DIRECTLY to the Texas School Book Depository building, when the earliest police dispatches reported gunshots from the grassy knoll area?



Westbrook told the WC that he then walked down the hall spreading the word and telling the other people that they needed some men down there (TSBD) and that almost everybody left (CIRCA 12:33-34 PM). Westbrook said that he "sat around" a while (TIME UNKNOWN--5 MINUTES?) and then began walking, in civilian clothes, one mile to the Texas Depository Building, a 22 minute walk. Westbrook said there wasn't a police car available to drive him, yet Capt. Westbrook could easily have asked the dispatcher to call a patrol car. Westbrook said that while walking to the TSBD he stopped along the way to listen to transistor radio reports. Westbrook told the WC, "After we [WE, PLURAL!] reached the building, I contacted my sergeant, Sgt. Stringer, and he was standing in front and so then I went into the building to help start the search [START THE SEARCH? THE SEARCH WAS ALREADY WELL UNDERWAY!] and I was on the first floor and I had walked down an aisle and opened a door onto an outside loading dock. And when I came out onto this dock, one of the men hollered and said there had been an officer killed in Oak Cliff [CIRCA 1:16-1:19 PM]."



WESTBROOK'S WC TESTIMONY ASIDE, HIS WHEREABOUTS FROM THE TIME HE WAS SEEN AT THE POLICE STATION (CIRCA 12:33-12:40 PM) TO HIS ARRIVAL AT THE TSBD (CIRCA 1:10-1:15) ARE UNKNOWN. HIS STORY OF WALKING TO THE TSBD, AFTER THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES WAS SHOT, IS NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE TO BELIEVE. THERE IS NO PROOF THAT WESTBROOK WAS EVER IN THE TSBD. BUT THIS STORY GAVE WESTBROOK AN ALIBI TO ACCOUNT FOR 40-50 MINUTES OF HIS TIME. CAPTAIN WESTBROOK WOULD LIKE US TO BELIEVE THAT HE WALKED 22 MINUTES TO THE SCENE OF PRESIDENT KENNEDY'S MURDER, BUT THEN HURRIEDLY DROVE TO THE SCENE OF OFFICER TIPPIT'S MURDER.





RESERVE OFFICER SGT. KENNETH CROY

Kenneth Croy was a 26-year-old reserve police officer, separated from his wife, and living with his parents. Croy told the WC that when President Kennedy was shot he was sitting in his car at City Hall (same location as Capt. Westbrook). Croy said that while driving his car home he was "hemmed in from both sides" by traffic on Main and Griffin for about 20 minutes. He drove past the courthouse on Elm and asked police officers (names unknown) if he could be of any assistance. Croy said that after the officers said "No" that he proceeded to drive home. Croy would have us believe that he was told by these officers that his services were not needed, when many off-duty police officers were called at home and told to report for duty. And Croy testified that while at the courthouse his estranged wife "pulled up beside me," and the couple then decided to go to lunch together at Austin's Barbecue (yet Croy and his wife were separated). But first, Croy said that he needed to change clothes at his parents' home. On the day of a President Kennedy's assassination Sergeant Croy would like us to believe that his priorities were to drive to his parents' house, change clothes, and have lunch with his estranged wife!!



CROY'S WC TESTIMONY ASIDE, HIS WHEREABOUTS FROM 12:30 PM UNTIL 1:10 PM ARE UNKNOWN. HIS STORY OF SITTING IN HIS CAR WHEN THE PRESIDENT WAS SHOT, AND GETTING HEMMED IN WITH TRAFFIC FOR 20 MINUTES GAVE HIM AN ALIBI TO ACCOUNT FOR NEARLY 3/4 OF AN HOUR OF HIS TIME. CROY WOULD LIKE US TO BELIEVE THAT ON THE DAY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES WAS KILLED, ONE OF THE MOST MEMORABLE DAYS OF THE CENTURY, HE DECIDED TO HAVE LUNCH WITH HIS ESTRANGED WIFE AND GO HOME.





THE FOLLOWING IS SPECULATION BY THE AUTHOR: This author does not believe that Westbrook walked to the TSBD nor was in the TSBD. This author does not believe that Croy spoke with police officers in front of the court house, had lunch with his wife, and then went home. This author believes that Westbrook, accompanied by Sgt. Kenneth Croy, drove his unmarked dark blue police car to Dealey Plaza. Westbrook and Croy soon boarded McWatters' bus looking for HARVEY Oswald, but he (Oswald) had already left the bus a few minutes earlier. The presence of two police officers boarding McWatters' bus was not reported to the WC nor investigated by the FBI or DPD (CIRCA 12:45-12:50). Capt. Westbrook may have been carrying a "drop gun" that could have been "planted" on Oswald if and when Oswald was shot and killed on the bus. If (HARVEY) Oswald had been killed on the bus, Stuart Reed's photos of McWatters' bus would have become famous. After failing to locate HARVEY Oswald on the bus the author believes that Capt. Westbrook realized that Officer Tippit, waiting at the GLOCO Station for HARVEY Oswald to arrive one McWatter's bus, would not be able to pick up Oswald and drive him to the Texas Theater. Capt Westbrook quickly commandeered one of the many police cars parked at the TSBD (likely car #207) and along with Sgt. Croy drove to Oak Cliff in an attempt to locate HARVEY Oswald (circa 12:55 PM). Westbrook and Croy were most likely the two police officers seen by Earlene Roberts driving past 1026 N. Beckley around 1:01 PM.





BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE PRE-ARRANGED MURDER OF OFFICER J.D.TIPPIT





If HARVEY Oswald was not shot and killed on McWatters' bus, then the apparent back-up plan was to murder Dallas police officer J.D. Tippit near (HARVEY) Oswald's home in Oak Cliff, blame the murder on HARVEY Oswald, and expect that the police would shoot the "cop-killer" on site. (HARVEY) Oswald's arrival at the Texas Theater was no accident--he was there because he was following orders. His moving from seat to seat within the darkened theater, as remembered by theater patron Jack Davis, shows that HARVEY Oswald was looking for someone. After (HARVEY) Oswald was arrested the halves of two one dollar bills were among the items taken from him. Half of a dollar bill was a spy technique that allowed one agent to verify the identity of an unknown agent who produced the other half of the dollar bill (see DPD report below).



The murder of Dallas Police officer Tippit appears to have been pre-arranged and involved LEE Oswald and at least two Dallas Police officers (Westbrook and Croy), who both witnessed the shooting of Officer Tippit. After LEE Oswald shot and killed Tippit at 10th & Patton (while HARVEY Oswald was sitting in the Texas Theater), he likely met up with one of those police officers (Capt. Westbrook) and gave him his wallet, his white Eisenhower-type jacket, and the weapon used to kill Tippit (a .38 revolver). LEE Oswald then hurried to the Texas Theater, purchased a ticket, and ran upstairs to the balcony. Sgt. Croy remained at the scene of the shooting and was seen by Virginia Davis, while Capt. Westbrook drove car #207 back to the Texas School Book depository (TSBD) and waited. Westbrook told the WC that he heard about the Tippit shooting over his police radio when he was at the TSBD. Westbrook, along with Sgt. Stringer and reporter Jim Ewell, got into Westbrook's car and drove toward Oak Cliff. Does Westbrook drive to the scene of Tippit's murder at 10th & Patton? No, he drives to Balleu Texaco which is 1 1/2 blocks from the murder scene. After Stringer and Ewell get out of the car Westbrook is alone, and drives around the corner to the parking lot where he throws down LEE Oswald's jacket and then alerts nearby police officer Mackey that the jacket was probably discarded by the man who shot Officer Tippit. A few minutes later, at 1:25 PM, Westbrook notified the police dispatcher that the suspect's jacket had been found. Westbrook then drove to 10th and Patton, where Tippit was murdered and immediately produced the wallet given to him by LEE Oswald a half hour earlier. He showed the wallet, complete with identification for Lee Harvey Oswald and Alec Hidell, to fellow police officers and to FBI agent Robert Barrett. That wallet, and police officers inspecting the wallet, was filmed by WFAA television cameraman Ron Reiland. Now, thanks to Capt. Westbrook, police officers at 10th & Patton knew the name of the prime suspect (Oswald/Hidell) in the murder of Officer Tippit. The wallet, first seen in the hands of Capt. Westbrook and last seen in the hands of Capt. Westbrook, soon disappeared and was never seen again--no police report, no photographs, no FBI reports, no WC testimony, no HSCA testimony. The problem with this 2nd wallet has always been "why did not a single witness see the wallet prior to Capt Westbrook's arrival at 10th & Patton?" Sgt. Croy tried to resolve this issue when he said that an unidentified person at 10th & Patton gave him the wallet which he in turn gave to Westbrook. But this wallet was never seen again, never entered into evidence, never mentioned by Croy or Westbrook to anyone, including the Warren Commission. In my opinion, this wallet proves that Captain Westbrook, and Sgt. Croy, were complicit in the pre-arranged murder of Tippit and the framing of HARVEY Oswald for the crime of murder.



J.D. Tippit at the Gloco station As taxi driver William Whaley drove south on Zang Blvd. his taxi, and passenger HARVEY Oswald, passed by Officer J.D. Tippit, who was observed by 5 witnesses sitting in his patrol car at the GLOCO station (1502 N. Zang Blvd) watching traffic. The witnesses were photographer Al Volkland, his wife Lou, and three employees of the Gloco station-Tom Mullins, Emmett Hollingshead, and J.B. "Shortly" Lewis, and they all knew Tippit personally. Officer Tippit knew both HARVEY and LEE and his assignment that day may have been to drive both young men to the Texas Theater. After driving past Tippit's patrol car Whaley turned left on N. Beckley and stopped in the 700 block near Neeley Street about 12:54 PM. HARVEY Oswald got out of the taxi and began walking to his rooming house about three and a half blocks away. He arrived just before 1:00 PM and spent a few minutes changing his pants and work shirt (t-shirt) in his room. Officer Tippit, sitting in his patrol car at the GLOCO station, was probably waiting for HARVEY Oswald to get off of McWatters' bus at the bus stop directly across the street. Tippit's assignment may have been to take HARVEY Oswald to the Texas Theater. But when McWatter's bus failed to arrive on time Tippit became alarmed, quickly left the GLOCO station, and began driving south on Lancaster.



NOTE: The author believes that on 11/22/63 the conspirators, as well as HARVEY Oswald, were given orders and expected to follow those orders. Tippit was waiting for HARVEY Oswald at the GLOCO Station, but when HARVEY did not get off the bus he (Tippit) hurried to the Top Ten record store to place a phone call and ask for instructions. While Tippit was at the record shop a police car, with two officers inside, drove slowly past HARVEY Oswald's rooming house and honked the horn.

At 12:54 PM, after leaving the Gloco station in a hurry, Tippit reported his position as Lancaster and 8th. He drove 1/4 mile south to Jefferson Blvd, turned right, and then drove west one mile (2-3 minutes) to the Top Ten Record Store (where he arrived circa 12:58 PM). Tippit parked his patrol car, hurriedly entered the store, and asked store clerk Louis Cortinas for permission to make a phone call. Louis Cortinas was a store clerk in the record shop in 1963 and his boss, the shop's owner, was Dub Stark. In a 1981 interview with the Dallas Morning News Cortinas told reporter Earl Golz the following:



"Officer Tippit parked his car on Bishop Street, heading north, and came into the shop in a hurry and asked if he could use the phone at the counter. Cortinas recalls that Tippit was in such a hurry that he had to ask people in the narrow aisle to step aside."



"Tippit said nothing over the phone, apparently not getting an answer. He stood there long enough for it to ring seven or eight times. Tippit hung up the phone and walked off fast, he was upset or worried about something."





"Tippit sped away in his squad car across Jefferson, down Bishop, to Sunset where he ran a stop sign and turned right down Sunset."





NOTE: Tippit likely stopped at the record store in an attempt to report that he had failed to make contact/pick up HARVEY Oswald.





While Tippit was in the Top 10 Record store, HARVEY Oswald, unknown to Tippit, was changing clothes in his room at 1026 N. Beckley (circa 1:00 PM). The housekeeper, Earlene Roberts, saw a police car drive slowly past and honk the horn. Oswald left the romming house a minute later, wearing the dark brown long-sleeve shirt and white t-shirt , and was last seen standing near the corner of Beckley and Zhang (circa 1:01-1:02). Out of the thousands of houses in Oak Cliff, why would a police car slowly drive past Oswald's rooming house less than 1/2 hour after President Kennedy was shot, and honk the horn only minutes after he (HARVEY Oswald) arrived? Because the driver of the police car knew exactly where to find HARVEY Oswald.



The driver of the police car was not Officer Tippit, and it was not Officer Tippit who drove HARVEY Oswald to the Texas Theater where he arrived between 1:00 PM and 1:07 PM. The author believes, as we will soon discover, the police car that drove slowly past HARVEY Oswald's rooming house was most likely driven by Capt. W. R. Westbrook with Sgt. Kenneth Croy. They picked up HARVEY Oswald near his rooming house (circa 1:01-1:02 PM) and drove him one mile to the Texas Theater, arriving circa 1:03-1:04 PM (follow the yellow/green line in the aerial photo below).







Capt. Westbrook and Sgt. Croy, driving in police car #207, could not take the chance of being seen dropping off Oswald in front of the Texas Theater on Jefferson Blvd. Instead, they dropped him off in the alley behind the theater (see photo below). HARVEY then walked thru a narrow pathway on the east side of the Texas Theater, turned right and walked to the cashier, where he purchased a ticket and entered the theater (circa 1:03-1:04 PM).







After Officer Tippit left the record shop (circa 1:01-02 PM) he drove two blocks north and pulled over a car driven by James A. Andrews, who worked for American National Life Insurance Company. Andrews said that he was driving west on 10th St. when a police car passed him and then cut in front of him forcing him to stop his car. The officer jumped out of his patrol car and motioned for Andrews to remain stopped. Andrews looked at the officer's nameplate, which read "Tippit." Officer Tippit seemed to be very upset, agitated, and was acting wild. He looked in the space between the front seat and the back seat of his (Andrews' car) and then, without saying a word, Officer Tippit went back to his patrol car and drove off quickly, heading west on 10th St (circa 1:03-1:04 PM). Tippit turned his car around and drove 5 blocks east on 10th street and parked directly in front of the driveway between 404 and 410 E. 10th (circa 1:04-1:05 PM) where neighbor Virginia Davis thought Tippit was living. LEE Oswald walked over to Tippit's patrol car and, according to witnesses, began having a normal conversation with Tippit thru the passenger window.



As Officer Tippit was looking over James Andrews' car (circa 1:03-1:04) HARVEY Oswald was dropped off in the alley behind the Texas Theater by Capt. Westbrook. Oswald then walked, sight unseen, from the alley thru the narrow fire escape walkway adjacent to the theater, and emerged on Jefferson Blvd only a few yards from theater cashier Julia Postal (see photo below). HARVEY Oswald, wearing a long-sleeve brown shirt , purchased a ticket from Julia Postal and walked into the theater (circa 1:04-1:06 PM). It is important to remember that HARVEY Oswald had a .38 revolver tucked under his belt while in the Texas Theater. This was the gun taken from HARVEY Oswald by Officers McDonald and Carroll when he was arrested. Concession attendant Butch Burroughs said that Oswald arrived between 1:00 PM and 1:07 PM (Officer Tippit was shot around 1:06 PM). A few minutes after HARVEY Oswald arrived at the theater, Burroughs sold him popcorn (circa 1:15 PM).





After dropping HARVEY Oswald off in the alley (circa 1:04 PM), Capt Westbrook and Sgt. Croy drove 5 blocks west, via the alley between Jefferson Blvd. & 10th St, and arrived at 404/408 E. 10th around 1:05 PM (follow purple line in aerial view above). As LEE Oswald was talking with Officer Tippit thru the car window (circa 1:05 PM), Capt. Westbrook turned left from the alley and drove his police car onto the narrow driveway between the two houses at 404 and 410 E. 10th. Capt. Westbrook parked his car and, directly ahead, was Tippit's police car parked at the entry of the same driveway. As Capt Westbrook arrived Officer Tippit got out of his police car while LEE Oswald backed away from Tippit's car. As Tippit was walking around the front of his car LEE Oswald shot and killed him while Capt. Westbrook and Sgt. Kenneth Croy watched from their police car.



Speculation: It appears that officer Tippit's assignment was to pick up HARVEY Oswald at the Marsalis bus stop and take him to the Texas Theater, and then meet up with LEE Oswald at 408 E. 10th and take him to the Texas Theater. However, it also appears that since Tippit knew both HARVEY Oswald and LEE Oswald, he had to be eliminated and thus the pre-planned meeting and pre-planned murder of Officer Tippit by LEE Oswald at 10th & Patton.







BACK AT THE BOOK DEPOSITORY, LEE OSWALD LEAVES DEALEY PLAZA WEARING A WHITE T-SHIRT.



After shots were fired at President Kennedy, LEE Oswald walked through the office of the Book Depository and was seen by Mrs. Reid carrying a coke and wearing a white t-shirt. He then left the building and may have been given a pistol by Jack Ruby, as witnessed by three women from the Dal-Tex Bldg. LEE Oswald then walked west on the Elm Street extension in front of the TSBD and waited. At 12:40 PM a light colored Nash Rambler station wagon, with a chrome luggage rack, pulled over to the curb and stopped. Deputy Sheriff Roger Craig heard a shrill whistle, which attracted his attention, and watched as a young man wearing a white t-shirt walked over to the car and got in. Craig identified the man as (LEE) Harvey Oswald. Marvin Robinson was driving his Cadillac directly behind the Nash Rambler when it suddenly stopped. Robinson saw a white male hurry over to the car and get in. Robinson's employee, Roy Cooper, was following him in a different vehicle and also saw the man hurry over and get into the car. Both men told the FBI the man who got into the Nash Rambler was (LEE) Harvey Oswald, but neither man was interviewed by the WC. Helen Forrest saw the same man run toward the Nash Rambler and get in. She said, "If it wasn't Oswald, it was his identical twin." Helen Forrest was never interviewed by the WC nor was her statement published in the WC volumes. The Nash Rambler was last seen driving under the triple overpass with LEE Oswald, who was wearing a white t-shirt. Before meeting up with Officer Tippit near 10th & Patton, LEE Oswald acquired a pistol and a light colored medium-sized jacket that he wore over his white t-shirt.





NOTE: It is possible that the light colored jacket was retrieved by LEE Oswald either when he returned to his Oak Cliff apartment or from Ruby's apartment at 223 S. Ewing.







For a more detailed discussion of how Lee, and especially Harvey, left Dealey Plaza, click here.







LEE Oswald on East 10th St. in Oak Cliff





About 1:03 PM LEE Oswald was seen by several witnesses in the Oak Cliff suburb of Dallas walking west near the corner of 10th St. & Marsalis--more than a mile south of HARVEY Oswald's rooming house. LEE Oswald was only three blocks north of Jack Ruby's apartment (223 S. Ewing), where he had been seen the night before by Helen McIntosh, a guest of Ruby's next door neighbor. Four blocks from Ruby's apartment, and only one block east of 10th & Patton, was a small, single story house at 511 E. 10th that was owned by attorney Dick Loomis, Sr., and his wife. Mrs. Loomis was a housewife and President of the Oak Cliff Fine Arts Club. She told FBI agents Griffin and Carter that a young couple, who were identical to LEE Harvey and Marina Oswald, lived next door in an apartment complex at 507 E. 10th (13 apartments) about one week before the assassination. Mrs. Loomis saw Marina and her infant child in front of her home and recalled that Marina had jet black hair (at this time Marina had two children). She said Marina wore very plain clothing and on one occasion wore a light blouse and plaid skirt and on another occasion a dark blouse and the same plaid skirt. She once saw a heavy-set man visit the apartment next door and thought it may have been Ruby. FBI agent James Hosty, who never met Oswald face-to-face prior to November 22, 1963, told fellow FBI agent Carver Gayton that he left notes under Oswald's apartment door. But the Warren Commission reported that Oswald lived either at his rooming house (1026 N. Beckley) or at Ruth Paine's house in Irving, TX, neither of which was an apartment. Hosty did not leave notes at Oswald's rooming house or at Ruth Paine's, but he could have left notes under the door at several of LEE Oswald's previous apartments, including 507 E. 10th, 1106 Diceman Avenue, or an apartment in Oak Lawn that Ruby rented for Oswald (according to DPD informant T-1). Mr. Clark worked as a barber at the 10th Street Barber Shop, 620 E. 10th, two blocks north of Jack Ruby's apartment. Mr. Clark may have been the first person to see LEE Oswald walking west on 10th Street, four blocks east of 10th & Patton. FBI agent Carl Underhill reported, "On the morning of 11/22/63 (no time specified) Clark had seen a man whom he would bet his life on was Oswald passing the shop in a great hurry and had commented on same to a customer in the chair." Lee Oswald walked past the Town and Country Cafe at 604 E l0th, crossed Marsalis Avenue, and continued walking west on l0th. William Lawrence "Red" Smith, working on a project one block east of 10th & Patton, began walking east toward the Town and Country Cafe (604 E 10th) for lunch shortly after 1:00 PM. Smith said that he, "felt sure that the man who walked by him going west on 10th St. was LEE Harvey Oswald" (interview of Smith by SA Brookhart 1/13/64). Tile workers James W. Archer and Jimmy Brewer were sitting in Archer's pick-up truck on the southeast corner of 10th & Denver. Brewer saw the same man walking west on 10th St. Jimmy Burt, 505 E. 10th, was across the street from the construction site where Smith was working and watched the same man as he continued walking west. Burt described the man (LEE Oswald) as a white male, approximately 5'8", wearing a light short jacket (interview of Burt by SA Christianson and Acklin 12/16/63). Burt said that he "caught a glimpse" of the shooter but "was never closer than 50-60 yards" to this man. William Arthur Smith was with Burt at the time and described the same man as "a white male, about 5'7" to 5'8", 20 to 25 years of age, 150-160, wearing a white shirt, light brown jacket and dark pants (interview of Smith by SA Ward and Basham 12/13/63). Smith told the Warren Commission that the man who shot Tippit was too far away to positively identify him. Both Burt and Smith watched this unknown man as he continued walking west on 10th St, toward Patton. They saw a black police squad car driving east and slowly pull over to the curb. The young man casually walked over to the squad car and begin speaking with the officer through the passenger window (circa 1:06 PM). After the assassination, Burt and Smith were shown (HARVEY) Oswald's photograph and both men said this was not the man who shot Tippit.













white shirt, and dark trousers.



As LEE Oswald ( white shirt ) began talking with Tippit (in front of 404 E. 10th), he was carrying a concealed weapon, a .38 revolver. "HARVEY Oswald" ( brown shirt ) was .7 mile west, inside of the Texas Theater, and was also carrying a concealed weapon--a .38 revolver (



HARVEY Oswald purchased popcorn from Burroughs about 1:15 PM, and then returned to the lower level and took a seat next to a pregnant woman. Within a few minutes both Oswald and the woman got up from their seats. HARVEY Oswald walked into the concession area and then back into the lower level and took a seat next to Jack Davis in the first row on the right side. Davis remembered that Oswald was sitting next to him, in the near empty theater, as the opening credits to the movie began (a few minutes before 1:20 PM). After sitting next to Davis for a few minutes, Oswald got up and walked past empty seats to the small aisle on the right side of the theater and into the concession area. Davis watched (HARVEY) Oswald as he again re-entered the theater and took a seat next to a man on the back row, directly across the aisle from Davis. Within a few minutes HARVEY Oswald got up and once again returned to the concession area. He returned a few minutes later and took a seat across the aisle from Mr. Davis, and then moved to another seat on the fourth row. It appeared to Davis as though (HARVEY) Oswald was looking for someone, perhaps a contact.



NOTE: After his arrest, the police found two halves of two different dollar bills in his wallet (see below). This was a CIA method of clandestine contact (review CIA memorandum of 7/9/63 below). Wherever and whenever Oswald met his contact, this person would provide confirmation of his identity with the other half of these dollar bills. Curiously, neither of these items were listed on the police inventory of 11/23/63, the joint FBI/DPD inventory of 11/26/63 (Oswald's so-called possessions), nor were they photographed. At the National Archives, in Adelphi, MD, I inspected and handled each item of inventory listed on the joint FBI/DPD inventory of 11/26/63. These items were not among the inventory.







Butch Burroughs saw HARVEY Oswald sitting next to one person-- a pregnant lady, and both got up from their seats only minutes apart. (Why would a pregnant woman watch a war movie at 1:15 PM on a Friday afternoon? How likely is that? And why and how did this pregnant woman leave the theater just before the police arrived?) Burroughs remembered that prior to the police arriving this pregnant lady went to the restroom in the balcony and he never saw her again. Could this woman have been HARVEY's contact at the theater? Perhaps, but what was her purpose or her assignment? Could her assignment have been to simply walk past Hardy's Shoe Store, in order to alert Johnny Brewer and/or Tommy Rowe (Jack Ruby's good friend) that HARVEY Oswald was in the theater?



Taxi driver William Scoggins was sitting in his taxi at the corner of 10th & Patton eating his lunch, as a police car passed by driving east. Scoggins recognized the driver and told the Warren Commission "just used to see him (Tippit) every day." As Tippit stopped, and parked his vehicle in front of the small driveway at 410 E. 10th, Scoggins saw a young man walking west (toward Scoggins) on 10th St., and watched the man approach the police car. Scoggins told the Warren Commission the young man was wearing a light colored jacket, a, and dark trousers.As LEE Oswald () began talking with Tippit (in front of 404 E. 10th), he was carrying a concealed weapon, a .38 revolver. "HARVEY Oswald" () was .7 mile west, inside of the Texas Theater, and was also carrying a concealed weapon--a .38 revolver ( click here to see YouTube interview with Burroughs ). HARVEY Oswald arrived at the theater at 1:03-04 PM, and almost certainly purchased a ticket from Julia Postal. Jones Harris, a long time assassination investigator, arrived in Dallas the day after the assassination. Harris interviewed Julia Postal in the office of the manager of the Texas Theater. Harris asked Postal if she sold a ticket to the man arrested in the theater by the Dallas Police. Postal immediately burst into tears. Harris walked out of the office and returned a short time later. When Harris asked Postal again if she sold (HARVEY) Oswald a ticket she again burst into tears. Harris was convinced that Postal knew that she sold Harvey Oswald a ticket to the theater. Butch Burroughs told Texas researcher Jim Marrs that Postal knows that she sold (HARVEY) Oswald a ticket. Burroughs was the "ticket-taker" inside of the theater, and sold HARVEY Oswald popcorn a few minutes after he arrived. If HARVEY Oswald had not purchased a ticket, Burroughs would have known.HARVEY Oswald purchased popcorn from Burroughs about 1:15 PM, and then returned to the lower level and took a seat next to a pregnant woman. Within a few minutes both Oswald and the woman got up from their seats. HARVEY Oswald walked into the concession area and then back into the lower level and took a seat next to Jack Davis in the first row on the right side. Davis remembered that Oswald was sitting next to him, in the near empty theater, as the opening credits to the movie began (a few minutes before 1:20 PM). After sitting next to Davis for a few minutes, Oswald got up and walked past empty seats to the small aisle on the right side of the theater and into the concession area. Davis watched (HARVEY) Oswald as he again re-entered the theater and took a seat next to a man on the back row, directly across the aisle from Davis. Within a few minutes HARVEY Oswald got up and once again returned to the concession area. He returned a few minutes later and took a seat across the aisle from Mr. Davis, and then moved to another seat on the fourth row. It appeared to Davis as though (HARVEY) Oswald was looking for someone, perhaps a contact.Butch Burroughs saw HARVEY Oswald sitting next to one person-- a pregnant lady, and both got up from their seats only minutes apart. (Why would a pregnant woman watch a war movie at 1:15 PM on a Friday afternoon? How likely is that? And why and how did this pregnant woman leave the theater just before the police arrived?) Burroughs remembered that prior to the police arriving this pregnant lady went to the restroom in the balcony and he never saw her again. Could this woman have been HARVEY's contact at the theater? Perhaps, but what was her purpose or her assignment?

LEE Oswald and Officer Tippit have a friendly conversation





Officer Tippit lived with his wife and family at 238 Glencairn, 7 miles south of 10th & Patton, and he patrolled area 78 in South Oak Cliff. On November 22 (circa 12:35 PM to 1:10 PM) Tippit was in the area of central Oak Cliff (patrol district 91--assigned to Officer William Mentzel), several miles from his assigned district. Curiously, several of the people who witnessed the shooting of Officer Tippit near 10th & Patton either knew him or were familiar with him, even though he was many miles from his assigned patrol area. Witness Jimmy Burt recognized Tippit " as an officer who frequented the neighborhood ." Burt said, " This particular officer was known by the name 'Friendly' to the residents of that area. " Witness William Scoggins (taxi driver) said, "I wasn't paying too much attention to the man, you see, just used to see him every day." Witness Aquila Clemmons told researcher Mark Lane that she saw Tippit " all the time ." Five witnesses at the nearby GLOCO station also knew Tippit. Why was Tippit known to so many residents living near 10th & Patton, when his assigned patrol district was miles away? Virginia Davis was probably correct when she told the Warren Commission that Tippit's vehicle was parked in front of the house "where he lived."











400 E. 10th St.… 404 E. 10th St…. 410 E. 10th St.





Tippit's familiarity to local residents could be understood by the WC testimony of Virginia Davis, who lived in the house next door (400 E. 10th) to where Tippit was shot and killed (404 E. 10th). Davis was asked by Commission attorney David Belin "Where was the police car parked?" Davis answered, " It was parked between the hedge that marks the apartment house where he (Tippit) lives in (410 E. 10th) and the house next door (404 E. 10th) ." According to Virginia Davis' testimony, Officer Tippit was living in the house at 410 E. 10th. If Tippit lived in this house (actually a duplex apartment--410 E. 10th in the front, 408 E. 10th in the rear), or was having an affair with a woman living in this house (Johnny Maxie Thompson), this would explain not only his familiarity with local residents, but could also explain a familiar location where he could meet up with LEE Oswald and fellow co-conspirators. LEE Oswald meeting Tippit at this precise location, parking directly in front of the driveway, and Tippit, LEE Oswald, Westbrook, and Croy arriving at the same time was not an accident--their meeting was pre-planned.



While HARVEY Oswald ( brown shirt ) was sitting in the darkened Texas Theater, with a loaded .38 revolver, Tippit was driving east on 10th St. Witnesses in the 500 block of East 10th saw the shooter walking west toward 10th & Patton. But witnesses Helen Markham, standing on the corner at 10th & Patton, told the Warren Commission that the shooter was walking the same direction as the police car was driving--east. LEE Oswald could have walked past 410 E. 10th and, when he did not see Tippit's police vehicle, may have continued walking west. When he saw Tippit's police car in the distance he then turned around, and walked eastward back to the narrow driveway where Tippit stopped and parked his squad car. Tippit slowly drove his police car to the curb and stopped directly in front of the narrow driveway between 404 and 410 E. 10th. This driveway, between the houses at 404 and 410 E. 10th, led from 10th St to the alley behind the houses (see map). Tippit may have intentionally parked his car directly in front of this narrow driveway in anticipation of meeting up with Capt. Westbrook. If a vehicle turned onto this narrow driveway from the alley, Tippit would have seen the approaching car immediately.



LEE Oswald ( white shirt/white jacket ) casually approached the police car and began talking with Tippit thru the passenger side car window. It appears that Tippit and LEE Oswald were talking quietly, passing the time, while waiting for someone to arrive. Jack Roy Tatum was driving east on 10th St. in his new, red, Ford Galaxie 500. As he approached the squad car Tatum noticed a young white male with both hands in the pockets of his zippered jacket leaning over the passenger side window of the squad car. Tatum said, "It looked as if Oswald and Tippit were talking to each other.... It was almost as if Tippit knew Oswald ." Of course they knew each other. LEE Oswald was the same man that Tippit sat next to at the Dobbs Restaurant two days earlier (Wednesday, Nov 20), while HARVEY was working at the TSBD. Tatum said, "he had on a light colored zipper jacket, dark trousers and what looked like a t-shirt on." Tatum later told HSCA investigator Moriarty that he did not see (LEE) Oswald wearing a brown shirt , just a white t-shirt . HARVEY Oswald was sitting in the Texas Theater wearing a long sleeve, dark brown shirt.







A 2nd police vehicle arrives





Within a few minutes a 2nd police vehicle emerged from the alley (between Jefferson Blvd and 10th St) and began driving slowly on the narrow driveway toward Tippit's car. The second police car was seen by Mrs. Holan, who lived directly across the street from where Tippet's patrol car was parked (see Aerial View below). As the second police car stopped between the two houses (404 E. 10th & 410 E. 10th), LEE Oswald stood up and backed away from Tippits patrol car. Officer Tippet got out of his car and began walking around the front of his car toward the 2nd police car, probably expecting to meet the Capt. Westbrook who arrived in the police car. Unknown to Tippit, he had only seconds to live.





As Tippit walked near the front of his patrol car LEE Oswald pulled his pistol and fired three shots. After Tippit fell to the ground LEE Oswald walked to the back of Tippit's car. He then stopped, returned to where Tippit was laying, and and deliberately shot him in the head (around 1:06-1:07 PM). Could Westbrook, who got out of the 2nd police car at the same time, have said, "finish the job," or something similar? That could have caused LEE Oswald to stop, turn around and re-trace his steps, and then shoot Tippit in the head with a fourth shot. Jack Tatum saw the 4th shot and said, "whoever shot Tippit was determined that he shouldn't live and he was determined to finish the job."





NOTE : JFK researcher Shirley Martin tape-recorded an interview with Mrs. Aquilla Clemmons in August, 1964. Mrs. Clemmons said that while sitting on her porch, she saw two men standing near the police cruiser moments before Tippit was shot.





Mrs. Doris Holan lived on the 2nd floor at 409 E Tenth Street (see map above), directly across the street from the Tippit shooting. Mrs Holan had just returned home from her job a few minutes after 1:00 PM when she heard several gun shots. From her 2nd floor bedroom window she had possibly the best view of the murder scene (see photo), and saw Tippit lying on the street near the left front of his patrol car. Mrs. Holan observed the shooter as he was walking across the Davis's lawn toward Patton. Mrs Holan also noticed a 2nd police car parked in the narrow driveway between the houses directly across the street (between 404 and 410 E. 10th). Tippit's car was parked on 10th St., directly in front of the narrow driveway, and prevented the 2nd police car from driving onto 10th St.





NOTE : The 2nd police car, likely driven by Capt. Westbrook with Sgt. Croy, drove from the Texas Theater onto an alleyway between Jefferson Blvd. and 10th St. (see Aerial View photo), and then turned left onto the small, narrow driveway between two houses (404 E. 10th & 410 E. 10th). This police vehicle then parked/stopped on the narrow driveway between the two houses, where it could not be seen by most witnesses to the shooting (Clemmons, Burt, Smith, Wright, Virginia Davis, Barbara Davis). However, Mrs Holan did see the 2nd police vehicle and both she and Aquilla Clemmons saw two men at the scene of the shooting, and one of those men came from the 2nd police vehicle. The location of the 2nd police vehicle, parked between the two houses on a very narrow driveway, was no accident. The precise location of this vehicle, the timing of it's arrival with Westbrook and Croy, is the best indication that Tippit's murder was pre-planned and involved both LEE Oswald the occupants of the 2nd police vehicle.









Building identification and labels courtesy of David Josephs





Seconds after shots were fired, Mrs. Holan saw a man (probably Capt. Westbrook) emerge from the 2nd police car and walk toward Tippit's body lying in the street, apparently to see if he (Tippit) was alive or dead. In 1990 a resident of the neighborhood was interviewed by JFK researcher Prof. Bill Pulte, on the condition of anonymity. This resident said that he heard that a man walked down the driveway and approached Tippit just after the shooting. In January, 1968, Playboy Magazine interviewed Jim Garrison. In response to the Garrison interview a reader wrote to Playboy and said, “I read Playboy's Garrison interview with perhaps more interest than most readers. I was an eyewitness to the shooting of policeman Tippit in Dallas on the afternoon President Kennedy was murdered. I saw two men, neither of them resembling the pictures I later saw of Lee Harvey Oswald, shoot Tippit and run off in opposite directions. There were at least half a dozen other people who witnessed this. My wife convinced me that I should say nothing, since there were other eyewitnesses. Her advice and my cowardice undoubtedly have prolonged my life-or at least allowed me now to tell the true story...” ( Playboy , January 1968, Vol. 15, No 1, pg 11. Mrs. Acquilla Clemmons (interview August, 1964) said that after the shooting she saw the killer wave to the other man and they departed the scene in two different directions. This is a clear indication that the killer (LEE Oswald) and the occupants of the 2nd police vehicle were co-conspirators in the murder of Officer Tippit.



From her 2nd floor bedroom Mrs. Holan hurried downstairs to the 1st floor and outside the house. She watched the man standing beside Tippit as he began to retrace his path up the driveway to the 2nd police car, and then backed up the car into the alley. The 2nd police vehicle quickly and quietly left before witnesses began to arrive at the scene. Sam Guinyard, who worked at the Harris Motor Company, directly south and across the alley from Virginia and Barbara Davis' home (400 E. 10th), apparently saw the 2nd police car. In 1970 Guinyard told JFK researcher Michael Brownlow that he saw a police car in the alley shortly after Tippit was shot. After the shooting the second occupant of the police car, Sgt. Kenneth Croy, remained at 10th & Patton and was seen moments later by Virginia Davis. Capt. Westbrook quickly left the scene, briefly met up with LEE Oswald, and then drove the police vehicle back to the TSBD and arrived around 1:15 PM. Westbrook and Croy, occupants of the 2nd police car, were co-conspirators whose involvement and manipulation of evidence will be further explained.



Seconds after shots were fired, Mrs. Holan saw a man (probably Capt. Westbrook) emerge from the 2nd police car and walk toward Tippit's body lying in the street, apparently to see if he (Tippit) was alive or dead. In 1990 a resident of the neighborhood was interviewed by JFK researcher Prof. Bill Pulte, on the condition of anonymity. This resident said that he heard that a man walked down the driveway and approached Tippit just after the shooting. In January, 1968, Playboy Magazine interviewed Jim Garrison. In response to the Garrison interview a reader wrote to Playboy and said, “I read Playboy's Garrison interview with perhaps more interest than most readers. I was an eyewitness to the shooting of policeman Tippit in Dallas on the afternoon President Kennedy was murdered. I saw two men, neither of them resembling the pictures I later saw of Lee Harvey Oswald, shoot Tippit and run off in opposite directions. There were at least half a dozen other people who witnessed this. My wife convinced me that I should say nothing, since there were other eyewitnesses. Her advice and my cowardice undoubtedly have prolonged my life-or at least allowed me now to tell the true story...” (, January 1968, Vol. 15, No 1, pg 11. Mrs. Acquilla Clemmons (interview August, 1964) said that after the shooting she saw the killer wave to the other man and they departed the scene in two different directions. This is a clear indication that the killer (LEE Oswald) and the occupants of the 2nd police vehicle were co-conspirators in the murder of Officer Tippit.From her 2nd floor bedroom Mrs. Holan hurried downstairs to the 1st floor and outside the house. She watched the man standing beside Tippit as he began to retrace his path up the driveway to the 2nd police car, and then backed up the car into the alley. The 2nd police vehicle quickly and quietly left before witnesses began to arrive at the scene. Sam Guinyard, who worked at the Harris Motor Company, directly south and across the alley from Virginia and Barbara Davis' home (400 E. 10th), apparently saw the 2nd police car. In 1970 Guinyard told JFK researcher Michael Brownlow that he saw a police car in the alley shortly after Tippit was shot. After the shooting the second occupant of the police car, Sgt. Kenneth Croy, remained at 10th & Patton and was seen moments later by Virginia Davis. Capt. Westbrook quickly left the scene, briefly met up with LEE Oswald, and then drove the police vehicle back to the TSBD and arrived around 1:15 PM. Westbrook and Croy, occupants of the 2nd police car, were co-conspirators whose involvement and manipulation of evidence will be further explained.



Tippit's car parked in front of driveway

between 404 and 410 E. 10th Home of the Davis Sisters,

400 E. 10th







Mrs. Holan's home at 409 E. 10th

Mrs. Holan's view of the Tippit murder scene





Mrs. Margie Higgins, a neighbor of Mrs. Holan who lived at 417 East 10th St. said, "Well, I was watching the news on television and for some reason the announcer turned and looked at the clock and said the time was six minutes after one (1:06 PM). At that point I heard the shots." Mrs. Higgins described the shooter and said, "He definitely was not the man they showed on television." Mrs. Higgins called the police.

James W. Archer and Jimmy Brewer, sitting in Archer's pick-up truck, heard gun shots and soon saw Tippit laying in the street.

Shortly after 1:00 PM brick masons Francis Kinneth and Elbert Austin were working on a scaffold at a construction project when they heard gunshots. Both men heard shots, saw a policeman laying on the ground, and watched a man run from the scene and turn south on Patton. On January 21, 1964, Kinneth was shown a photograph of Oswald and said that he could not identify him as being the individual he observed leaving the scene of the Tippit shooting. Co-worker Franklin M. Griffin was eating lunch when he heard the shots, ran to the street, and saw the policeman laying in the street. After hearing gun shots Jimmy Burt and William Arthur Smith quickly ran toward Burt's 1952 two-tone blue Ford, which was parked on Denver Street near 10th Street facing south. They jumped into the car and within a minute arrived in front of Tippit's patrol car. They arrived so quickly that they saw LEE Oswald walking south near the corner of 10th & Patton with a gun in his right hand. Burt got out of the car and began to follow LEE Oswald as he continued walking south on Patton. As LEE Oswald walked past taxi driver WW Scoggins, parked near the corner of 10th & Patton, he was wearing dark trousers and a light shirt. Scoggins called his dispatcher to report the shooting and his dispatcher called for an ambulance.

Virginia Davis heard shots and looked out the screen door of her home at 400 E. 10th St. As LEE Oswald was cutting across the yard in front of her house (400 E. 10th)) he removed empty shell casings from his gun and tossed them on the ground.



Mr. Ball. Where was he when you saw him emptying his gun?

Mrs. Davis. He was right here on the other side of this bush.

Mr. Ball. Did you later look in the bushes and find something?

Mrs. Davis. Yes; in the grass beside the house.

Mr. Ball. The grass beside the house. What did you find?

Mrs. Davis. We found one shell.

Mr. Ball. And your sister-in-law, did your sister-in-law find something else?

Mrs. Davis. She found one later in the afternoon.



Virginia Davis was probably not aware of a 2nd police car that during the shooting was parked between 404 and 410 E. 10th St. But her WC testimony places a police officer at the scene only moments after the shooting, just after the shooter hurried around the corner of her house and disappeared.



Mrs. Davis. We saw the boy cutting across the street.

Mr. Belin . Then what did you do or see?

Mrs. Davis. After he disappeared around the corner we ran out in the front yard and down to see what had happened.

Mr. Belin. Then is that when you saw the policeman?

Mrs. Davis. I saw the policeman lying on the street.

Mr. Belin. All right. Did you see or do anything else? Did you see anyone else that you know come up to the policeman?

Mrs. Davis. No sir; there was a lot of people around there.

Mr. Belin. Do you remember about what time of day this was?

Mrs. Davis. I wouldn't say for sure. But it was about 1:30, between 1:30 and 2.

Mr. Belin. All right, after this, did police come out there?

Mrs. Davis. Yes; they was already there.

Mr. Belin. By the time you got out there?

Mrs. Davis. Yes, sir.

Mr. Belin. Then what did you do?

Mrs. Davis. Well, we just stood out there and watched. You know, tried to see how it all happened. But we saw part of it.

Mr. Belin. Then what did you do?

Mrs. Davis. We stood out there until after the ambulance had come and picked him up.





Virginia Davis told the Warren Commission the policeman "was already there" after "he (the shooter) disappeared around the corner (seconds after the shooting)." Virginia said, "we ran out in the front yard and down to see what had happened." The policeman was likely 26 year old reserve officer Sgt. Kenneth Croy, who accompanied Westbrook in the 2nd police car seen by Mrs. Holan. Croy was the only police officer at the Tippit murder scene before the ambulance arrived (only 1 block from the scene). And Sgt. Croy was the only officer who said he saw Tippit being loaded into the ambulance. If the police officer seen by Virginia Davis was not Croy, then who was it?

LEE OSWALD LEAVES 10TH & PATTON

Domingo Benavides, who was sitting in his truck on the opposite side of the street facing Tippit's car, watched Oswald as he left the scene. He remembered, "the back of his (LEE Oswald's) head seemed like his hairline sort of went square instead of tapering off. His hair didn't taper off, it kind of went down and squared off." HARVEY Oswald's hairline, as we know from numerous photographs taken at the police station, extended well down his neck and past his collar line--it was not "squared off" as described by Benavides. The white vehicle in the photo at left is the approximate location where Benavides stopped and observed the shooting. Mr. Benavides. Yes. In other words, he didn't go all the way on the sidewalk. He just cut across the yard.

Mr. Belin. Where was he when you saw him throwing shells? Had he already started across the yard?

Mr. Benavides. No, sir. He had just got back to the sidewalk when he threw the first one and when he threw the second one, he had already cut back into the yard. He just sort of cut across.

Mr. Belin. Now you saw him throw two shells?

Mr. Benavides. Yes, sir.

Mr. Belin. You saw where he threw the shells?

Mr. Benavides. Yes, sir.

Mr. Belin. Did you later go back in that area and try and find the shells?

Mr. Benavides. Yes. Well, right after that I went back and I knew exactly where they was at, and I went over and picked up one in my hand, not thinking and I dropped it, that maybe they want fingerprints off it, so I took out an empty pack of cigarettes I had and picked them up with a little stick and put them in this cigarette package; a chrome looking shell. Ted Callaway worked at a used car lot on Jefferson Blvd., across the alley from the house where Virginia and Barbara Davis lived. He did not see the shooting, but he did see (LEE) Oswald walking south on Patton at a distance of about 60 ft. Callaway described him as "white male, 27, 5'11", 165 lbs, black wavy hair, fair complected, wearing a light gray Eisenhower type jacket, dark trousers, and a white shirt" (CE 705, pg 27). When interviewed and filmed many years later, Callaway again said, "he had on a white Eisenhower type jacket and a white t-shirt"--once again no brown shirt, just a white t-shirt (brown shirt--HARVEY; white shirt--LEE). The next person to see LEE Oswald was Warren Reynolds, part owner of Johnny Reynolds Used Car Lot at the corner of Patton and Jefferson Blvd. Reynolds followed Oswald a short distance and last saw him walking past the Ballew Texaco Station. On January 22, 1964, FBI agents Kesler and Mitchem showed a photograph of Lee HARVEY Oswald to Reynolds, at which time he advised the two agents that he would hesitate to definitely identify the man shown in the photograph as the shooter.





RESERVE OFFICER SGT. KENNETH CROY Croy told the WC that he was driving his car in downtown Dallas when he heard about the shooting of the President over his police radio. Minutes after the shooting, while driving past the court house, Croy saw police officers and asked if they needed any help. According to Croy, these officers said "no." Croy then said his wife (estranged) pulled up beside him driving her car and asked if he wanted to get something to eat. They agreed to meet at Austin's Bar-B-Que in Oak Cliff. This was Sgt. Croy's testimony, but it makes no sense. Croy was unable to identify the police officers who were standing in front of the court house. Croy said nothing about the large crowds in and around the court house, less than a block from the TSBD, on the most infamous day in Dallas history. Why would police officers decline Croy's offer to help, when off-duty police were being called at home and asked to return to duty? Why would Croy and his estranged wife allegedly agree to meet for lunch, only a few minutes after the President of the United States had been shot. Croy's testimony makes no sense, but it does give him an alibi that helps to mask and keep secret his activities and involvement with the murder of officer Tippit.

RESERVE OFFICER CROY AT THE TIPPIT MURDER SCENE Croy told the Warren Commission that while driving on Zang Blvd., he heard about the Tippit shooting over the police radio. Croy said that he was the first police officer to arrive at the scene of Tippit's murder. After arriving at the scene he saw Tippit being loaded in the ambulance. However, witness Virginia Davis said a police officer (probably Sgt. Croy) was there just after the shooter (LEE Oswald) threw empty shells on the ground and ran south on Patton. Croy said that he then stood next to Tippit's car and interviewed a witness for about 10 minutes, but could not remember her name. In fact Croy could not remember the name of a single witness nor could he remember the name of any police officer.



Mr. Griffin. Were you at the scene when Tippit was there?

Mr. Croy. Yes.

Mr. Griffin. Unassigned.

Mr. Croy. Yes.



Mr. Griffin. I see. Now, I am just referring to the street you found him on. When you got there, was Tippit's car there?

Mr. Croy. Yes.

Mr. Griffin. Was Tippit there?

Mr. Croy. They were loading him in the ambulance.

Mr. Griffin. Were other officers on the scene?

Mr. Croy. None that I saw.



Mr. Griffin. Did any of the--how many police officers came out to the scene of the Tippit killing while you were there?

Mr. Croy. I don't know. There was a slew of them. That would be hard to say.

Mr. Griffin. Were there any officers there that you knew?

Mr. Croy. There were several officers there that I knew. I don't know their names.



Mr. Croy. It was a woman standing across the street from me. I don't recall her name. She gave me her name at that time.

Mr. Griffin. How long did you talk with her?

Mr. Croy. Oh, a good 5 or 10 minutes.

Mr. Griffin. This conversation all took place near the scene of the Tippit killing?

Mr. Croy. Leaning up against his car.

Mr. Griffin. Do you know the name of the woman you talked to across the street?

Mr. Croy. I don't recall. I think she lived across the street. She was standing out in front watering her yard or doing something in her yard.

Mr. Griffin. Well, you stated that she was watering her yard?

Mr. Croy. Or something. She was standing in the yard doing something.

Mr. Griffin. But the first thing you indicated was, she had been watering her yard? Apparently that was something that stuck with you from, of course, talking with her?

Mr. Croy. I don't remember what she said she was doing. She was doing something in the yard, and I presume that is where she lived was across the street.



How convenient that Croy just happened to be the first officer at the scene of the Tippit shooting--some 10 minutes before any other police officers arrived. Croy's presence at 10th & Patton is best explained by the arrival of the 2nd police car seen by Mrs. Holan. Not a single police officer talked about Croy's presence at 10th and Patton.



NOTE: Croy testified before the WC. However, most of their questions related to Croy's presence and activities in the basement of the Dallas Police station when HARVEY Oswald was shot and killed by Jack Ruby. In the author's opinion, it was likely Croy who helped Ruby gain entrance to the basement so that he could kill Oswald.



Summary of Sgt. Kenneth Croy and Capt. W.R. Westbrook (SPECULATION by the author)

It is very possible, and likely, that Croy was in the 2nd police vehicle parked between the two houses (404 and 410 E. 10th) that was seen by Mrs. Holan. It is very possible, and likely, that Dallas Police Capt. W.R. Westbrook, wearing plain clothes, was the man who got out of the police vehicle and walked over to Tippit in order to confirm that Tippit was dead. Capt. Westbrook returned to the police vehicle, and backed up to the alley, while reserve officer Croy remained at the scene. After watching LEE Oswald hurry across their lawn Virginia Davis and her sister in law left their home and stood beside Tippit, while Sgt. Croy was "already there." As the police vehicle backed up the narrow driveway and into the alley it was seen by Sam Guinyard, who worked for Harris Motor Company across the alley from the Davis' home. Westbrook likely drove the 2nd police vehicle a half block south to Jefferson Blvd., and then turned right toward the Texas Theater (only 5 blocks west). Westbrook likely met and/or picked up LEE Oswald near the Texaco station and may have driven him to the Texas Theater. Capt. Westbrook meeting LEE Oswald within minutes of the Tippit shooting would explain Westbrook's possession of three very important items given to him by LEE Oswald--a light-colored, medium size Eisenhower-type jacket (supposedly found later by Westbrook and officer John Mackey under a car at the Texaco Station), the 2nd Oswald wallet which Westbrook soon produced at the Tippit murder scene (allegedly given to Westbrook by Croy), and the .38 revolver that LEE Oswald used to shoot and kill Tippit. Following the shooting of Tippit, Westbrook drove the police car to the TSBD and waited for the police dispatcher to broadcast information about the shooting.



TIPPIT'S BODY IS REMOVED As Sgt. Croy looked on, Tippit's body was loaded into the ambulance (circa 1:11-1:12 PM) by Clayton Butler and Eddie Kinsley and driven to nearby Methodist Hospital where he was pronounced dead on arrival by Dr. Liquori (circa 1:15 PM). Among the items removed from Tippit at the hospital and taken to the police station was one "black billfold."



At 1:22 PM, DPD officer J.M. Poe arrived and said, "there were already 150 to 200 people around there and the ambulance had already left." Benavides gave two empty shell casings, in an empty cigarette package, to Poe. We must wonder why Benavides did not give the two shell casings to Croy, if Croy was the first police officer at the scene. Helen Markham provided Poe with a description of the shooter ( Markham never said she talked to Croy ) which he immediately passed onto the DPD dispatcher who reported: "Last seen about the 300 block East Jefferson. He's a white male about 30, 5'8", black hair, slender, wearing a white jacket, white shirt and dark slacks."



DPD officers began to question witnesses as more and more on-lookers gathered. We will soon learn that a wallet containing identification for Lee Harvey Oswald and Alex Hidell was allegedly found at the Tippit murder scene by Croy, who claims that he gave the wallet to Capt. Westbrook. But not one witness, not one ambulance driver, not one neighbor, not one on-looker and not one trained police officer saw a wallet lying on the street or in Tippit's car. One of the first witnesses at the murder scene was Ted Calloway, who said, "I'll tell you one thing, there was no billfold at that scene. If there was, there would have been too many people who would have seen it."



NOTE: We can now understand that Croy's testimony about asking police officers if they needed assistance in Dealey Plaza shortly after the President was shot was nonsense. Croy's WC testimony about meeting his estranged wife for lunch at Austin's Bar B Que, and Croy's hearing about the Tippit shooting over his police radio are also nonsense. Croy was not driving his car near 10th & Patton when he heard about the Tippit shooting. Croy likely arrived at 10th & Patton with Capt. Westbrook in the police car seen by Mrs. Holan. He remained at the scene of the crime after Westbrook left in the police car, and was the officer seen by Virginia Davis after she walked from her porch to Tippit's police car. By claiming that he was the first and only officer on the scene, Croy could claim that he found, or was given, a wallet at the murder scene, before witnesses arrived (circa 1:10-1:12 PM). Croy should have been asked why he didn't give the wallet to any of two dozen regular police officers and detectives who arrived at the scene. Croy should have been asked why he held onto the wallet for 1/2 hour before giving the wallet to Westbrook, who did not arrive at the scene until 1:40 PM. In the authors opinion, Croy never saw the wallet nor had the wallet in his possession at any time.





WAS TIPPIT SHOT WITH A .38 REVOLVER OR A SEMI-AUTOMATIC PISTOL?

T.F. Bowley, driving west on 10th Street, did not see the shooting. He arrived at the scene and used the police radio to report the shooting. Bowley looked at his watch--the time was 1:10 PM (CE 2003). An original DPD police transcript, found in the National Archives, lists the time of transmission as 1:10 PM. The police were quickly notified of the shooting by telephone (Mrs. Higgins; Barbara Davis), Scoggin's dispatcher, and by Bowley using Tippit's car radio. The police dispatcher broadcast the shooting at 1:10 PM as witnesses (Markham, W.A. Smith, Scoggins, Virginia Davis, Barbara Davis, Callaway, Benavides, Wright) began to walk to Tippit's patrol car and saw him lying on the street. An ambulance was dispatched from the Dudley Hughes Funeral Home (one block south on Jefferson) and quickly arrived at 10th & Patton.Croy told the WC that he was driving his car in downtown Dallas when he heard about the shooting of the President over his police radio. Minutes after the shooting, while driving past the court house, Croy saw police officers and asked if they needed any help. According to Croy, these officers said "no." Croy then said his wife (estranged) pulled up beside him driving her car and asked if he wanted to get something to eat. They agreed to meet at Austin's Bar-B-Que in Oak Cliff. This was Sgt. Croy's testimony, but it makes no sense.Croy told the Warren Commission that while driving on Zang Blvd., he heard about the Tippit shooting over the police radio. Croy said that he was the first police officer to arrive at the scene of Tippit's murder. After arriving at the scene he saw Tippit being loaded in the ambulance.How convenient that Croy just happened to be the first officer at the scene of the Tippit shooting--some 10 minutes before any other police officers arrived. Croy's presence at 10th & Patton is best explained by the arrival of the 2nd police car seen by Mrs. Holan.It is very possible, and likely, that Croy was in the 2nd police vehicle parked between the two houses (404 and 410 E. 10th) that was seen by Mrs. Holan. It is very possible, and likely, that Dallas Police Capt. W.R. Westbrook, wearing plain clothes, was the man who got out of the police vehicle and walked over to Tippit in order to confirm that Tippit was dead. Capt. Westbrook returned to the police vehicle, and backed up to the alley, while reserve officer Croy remained at the scene. After watching LEE Oswald hurry across their lawn Virginia Davis and her sister in law left their home and stood beside Tippit, while Sgt. Croy was "already there." As the police vehicle backed up the narrow driveway and into the alley it was seen by Sam Guinyard, who worked for Harris Motor Company across the alley from the Davis' home. Westbrook likely drove the 2nd police vehicle a half block south to Jefferson Blvd., and then turned right toward the Texas Theater (only 5 blocks west). Westbrook likely met and/or picked up LEE Oswald near the Texaco station and may have driven him to the Texas Theater. Capt. Westbrook meeting LEE Oswald within minutes of the Tippit shooting would explain Westbrook's possession of three very important items given to him by LEE Oswald--a light-colored, medium size Eisenhower-type jacket (supposedly found later by Westbrook and officer John Mackey under a car at the Texaco Station), the 2nd Oswald wallet which Westbrook soon produced at the Tippit murder scene (allegedly given to Westbrook by Croy), and the .38 revolver that LEE Oswald used to shoot and kill Tippit. Following the shooting of Tippit, Westbrook drove the police car to the TSBD and waited for the police dispatcher to broadcast information about the shooting.As Sgt. Croy looked on, Tippit's body was loaded into the ambulance (circa 1:11-1:12 PM) by Clayton Butler and Eddie Kinsley and driven to nearby Methodist Hospital where he was pronounced dead on arrival by Dr. Liquori (circa 1:15 PM). Among the items removed from Tippit at the hospital and taken to the police station was one "black billfold."At 1:22 PM, DPD officer J.M. Poe arrived and said, "there were already 150 to 200 people around there and the ambulance had already left." Benavides gave two empty shell casings, in an empty cigarette package, to Poe.Helen Markham provided Poe with a description of the shooter () which he immediately passed onto the DPD dispatcher who reported: "Last seen about the 300 block East Jefferson. He's a white male about 30, 5'8", black hair, slender, wearing a white jacket,and dark slacks."DPD officers began to question witnesses as more and more on-lookers gathered. We will soon learn that a wallet containing identification for Lee Harvey Oswald and Alex Hidell was allegedly found at the Tippit murder scene by Croy, who claims that he gave the wallet to Capt. Westbrook. But not one witness, not one ambulance driver, not one neighbor, not one on-looker and not one trained police officer saw a wallet lying on the street or in Tippit's car. One of the first witnesses at the murder scene was Ted Calloway, who said, "I'll tell you one thing, there was no billfold at that scene. If there was, there would have been too many people who would have seen it." After talking with witness Ted Callaway Patrolman H.W. Summers reported that he had an "eyeball witness to the getaway man." The suspect was described as having black wavy hair, wearing an Eisenhower jacket of light color, with dark trousers and a white shirt. He was "apparently armed with a .32, dark finish, automatic pistol," which he had in his right hand. However, if an automatic pistol was used to kill Tippit, three of the spent shell casings would have been ejected at the point where Oswald began shooting Tippit and would have landed on 10th St. (near the passenger side of Tippit's squad car). After Oswald shot Tippit in the head, at point blank range, the last shell casing would have been ejected onto the pavement on 10th St., which it was not. Barbara and Virginia Davis watched Oswald as he crossed in front of their house and crossed their lawn, using his right hand to shake empty shells from an open revolver into his left hand. Two shell casings were recovered near a bush in the Davis' side yard on 10th St., about 50-60 ft. from the front of Tippit's squad car where the shots were fired.





A semi-automatic pistol would have ejected shell casings onto 10th St.

Two .38 shell casings were recovered near the bush at the right side of the porch.





LEE OSWALD ARRIVES AT THE TEXAS THEATER It is obvious to this author that LEE Oswald's pre-arranged assignment was to kill Officer Tippit (which he did by intentionally shooting him in the head), and then lead police to the Texas Theater where HARVEY Oswald was sitting in the darkened theater with a loaded .38 revolver. Tippit's murder would soon be blamed on HARVEY Oswald, based upon identification found in a wallet that suddenly appeared in the hands of Capt. Westbrook at 10th & Patton. Identifying HARVEY Oswald as the killer of Officer Tippit would give Dallas Police ample justification to shoot HARVEY Oswald on site, especially if he was carrying a loaded revolver (perhaps with a defective firing pin). But I always wondered about two issues.



1) How could the conspirators be absolutely sure that employees of the Texas Theater and the police would respond immediately to a young man who simply snuck into a movie theater, when their focus of attention was on the assassination of President Kennedy, the shooting of Texas Governor John Connally, and the murder of a DPD officer. Why would the police care about a person who snuck into a theater without buying a $.90 ticket? The conspirators needed to make absolutely sure that the police would be called, and that they would arrive at the theater.



NOTE: It was Johnny Brewer who raised such a commotion about a "suspicious man" sneaking into the theater that theater cashier Julia Postal finally called the police at 1:44 PM. But Julia was not the only person who called the police. JFK researcher Leo Sauvage asked Dallas Assistant District Attorney Jim Bowie whether a telephone call (by Julia Postal) had led to Oswald's arrest. Bowie told him there was a call from the cashier, but also that there were “ Half a dozen calls! ” Someone wanted to make sure the police would respond to a suspicious person hiding inside the Texas Theater.

2) The more important issue is that Tippit was shot at 1:06 PM, and it is only an 8-9 minute walk to the Texas Theater. Why were the police not called until 1:44 PM. What happened happened during that time (nearly 40 minutes) always bothered me, and has been on my mind for more than 20 years.

NOTE: I was not the first to wonder about these missing minutes. In 1964 Wesley Liebeler wrote the following memo (JFK Exhibit No. 36--memo re. galley proofs of Chapter IV of the Report, Sept 6, 1964): "At first I was surprised to learn that Johnny Calvin Brewer knew that a patrolman had been shot when Oswald walked by his place of business, less than eight blocks from the point of the Tippet killing which Oswald apparently left as fast as he could. Then I was surprised to learn that the police radio did not send out information about the suspect being in the Texas Theater until 1:45, about 30 minutes after the police first learned of the Tippit killing from Benavides over Tippit's radio. What were Oswald and Brewer doing during this 30 minutes? Oswald was strangely inactive during this period, considering all that he had done the 45 minutes following the assassination."

The author believes that after killing Tippit LEE Oswald met up with Capt. Westbrook and gave him his jacket, his wallet, and his .38 revolver. LEE Oswald, when he entered the theater, was now wearing a white t-shirt and dark trousers (not a dark, long-sleeve shirt as reported by Johnny Brewer). LEE Oswald should have arrived at the Texas Theater 8-9 minutes after shooting Tippit (around 1:15 PM).



NOTE: Less than 10 minutes after Tippit was shot and killed the author believes that Capt. Westbrook had possession of three very important items of evidence, given to him by the suspect--LEE Oswald's jacket, LEE Oswald's wallet, and the .38 revolver used to kill Tippit. This author believes the suspect (LEE Oswald) gave these items to Capt. Westbrook (who was present when LEE Oswald shot Tippit) prior to arriving at the Texas Theater. We will soon learn that Westbrook did everything he could to distance himself from the jacket. We will also learn the wallet produced by Westbrook and shown to officers at 10th & Patton disappeared. LEE Oswald also gave the .38 revolver that he used to murder officer Tippit to Westbrook (LEE Oswald could not take any of these items into the theater fearing that, if he was still there when the police arrived, he would be searched).

If Johnny Brewer had followed LEE Oswald, wearing a white t-shirt and dark trousers, from his shoe store to the theater, as he claimed, then Julia Postal would have called the police around 1:15-1:20 PM and the police would have arrived within a few minutes (as they did after being notified by Julia Postal at 1:44 PM). But I don't believe Johnny Brewer's story. I don't believe Brewer saw either HARVEY Oswald or LEE Oswald walk past his store on Jefferson Blvd.



The author believes that LEE Oswald, wearing a white t-shirt and dark trousers, either walked to the theater or was driven to the theater by Capt. Westbrook after killing Tippit and arrived around 1:15 PM. LEE Oswald had just shot and killed a Dallas policeman. He certainly didn't want to attract attention by sneaking into a movie theater. So he bought a $.90 ticket from Julia Postal (as did HARVEY Oswald around 1:03-04 PM), walked into the theater and up the stairs into the balcony. The missing 30 minutes begins at 1:15 PM.



At 1:22 PM the police dispatcher reported, "white male, 30, about 5'8", slender, black hair, wearing shirt, a white jacket, and dark slacks." If a Dallas radio station broadcast a description of the suspect at 1:30 PM, their only source of information was police radio broadcasts. The police reported that Tippit's killer was 5'8", black hair, white shirt, white jacket, dark slacks. But Johnny Brewer told Julia Postal, the Dallas Police, and the WC that the man he saw sneak into the theater was wearing a long-sleeved dark brown shirt--not a white shirt and not a light colored jacket as reported by the police.



Brewer also said that this man was acting suspicious and appeared to be scared outside of his shoe store around 1:30 PM. Brewer's description of Oswald's clothing did not match the police broadcast. Brewers description of Oswald acting scared did not match police observations of HARVEY Oswald after he was arrested. Police officers said Oswald was calm and showed no signs of being scared. This author believes the "missing 25 minutes" are the result of Brewer needing to wait to hear about the murder of a policeman on the radio. After hearing a description of the suspect Brewer could then approach Julia Postal, tell her that a suspicious man had snuck into the theater, and insist that she call the police. BREWER NEVER EXPLAINED HOW HE WAS ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE SUSPECT, WEARING A WHITE SHIRT AND A WHITE JACKET ACCORDING TO THE RADIO, AS THE SAME MAN WHO APPEARED IN FRONT OF HIS STORE WEARING A DARK BROWN, LONG SLEEVE SHIRT. AND, ACCORDING TO DALLAS RADIO STATIONS, INFORMATION ABOUT THE TIPPIT SHOOTING WAS FIRST BROADCAST AT 1:51 PM, LONG AFTER BREWER CLAIMED TO HAVE HEARD IT ON THE RADIO.



Five radio stations covered the Dallas area on 11/22/63, and all routinely monitored the Dallas police radio. Four of these stations did not broadcast the Tippit shooting nor its location until after Oswald's arrest at 1:51 PM.

WBAP reported the Tippit shooting after Oswald's arrest at 1:51 PM.



KRLD reported the Tippit shooting after Oswald's arrest at 1:51 PM.



WFAA reported the Tippit shooting after Oswald's arrest at 1:51 PM (their archived recordings began at 1:47 PM, but did not cover the entire assassination period).



KLIF broadcast the Tippit shooting at 2:02 PM.



KBOX was the only radio station that may have reported the Tippit shooting prior to Oswald's arrest, but this has never been proven. KBOX has archived radio broadcast recordings from 11/22/63 which begin at 1:35 PM, but information about the Tippit shooting begins only after Oswald's arrest at 1:51 PM. At 1:59 PM newsman Sam Pate repeated information that had supposedly been previously reported on KBOX about the Tippit shooting. If true (there are no archived recordings), this information would have to have been broadcast prior to the beginning of the KBOX archived radio recording at 1:35 PM.



At 1:35 PM Julia Postal was listening to KLIF radio and heard the official announcement that President Kennedy was dead. Julia said that Johnny Brewer appeared shortly after she heard the news of President Kennedy's death (circa 1:36 PM). Brewer asked Julia if she had sold a ticket to a man who was wearing a brown shirt and she replied, "What man?" (How would Johnny Brewer know about a man wearing a long sleeve dark brown shirt (HARVEY Oswald), when that man had been sitting in the theater for a half-hour?)



Mr. Belin. Well, would you state then what happened? You said that you saw him walk into the Texas Theatre?

Mr. Brewer. He walked into the Texas Theatre and I walked up to the theatre, to the box office and asked Mrs. Postal if she sold a ticket to a man who was wearing a brown shirt, and she said no, she hadn't. She was listening to the radio herself. And I said that a man walked in there, and I was going to go inside and ask the usher if he had seen him.

I don't believe that Julia Postal saw anyone, precisely because there wasn't anyone--the entire story about a man sneaking into the theater was made up by Brewer. WC Attorney Belin wondered why Brewer would ask Postal if she sold a man a ticket, when Brewer had supposedly just seen the man sneak into the theater without buying a ticket.



Mr. Belin. Why did you ask Julia Postal whether he had or hadn't?

Mr. Brewer . I don't know.

Mr. Belin. You just asked her?

Mr. Brewer. Just asked her whether he had bought or she had seen him go in.

Brewer hurried into the theater and asked Butch Burroughs if he had collected a ticket from a man who he thought had just entered the theater and was acting very suspicious (Burroughs indicated he had not collected a ticket). At this point we know that HARVEY Oswald (brown shirt) purchased a ticket, entered the theater around 1:07-1:08 PM, and sat in the lower section. LEE Oswald (white shirt) probably entered the theater around 1:20 PM, purchased a ticket, and took a seat in the balcony.



The Warren Commission asked Butch Burroughs what he would do if a person entered the theater without purchasing a ticket.

Mr. Ball. If anybody comes in there without a ticket, what do you do, run them off?

Mr. Burroughs. I make it a point to stop them and ask them to go out and get a ticket. I just failed to see him when he slipped in.

Mr. Ball. We will get to that in a minute I want to see what you usually do if somebody comes in without a ticket.

Mr. Burroughs. I stop them and have them go out to the box office and get an admission ticket.

QUESTION: If you saw someone enter a movie theater, apparently without buying a ticket, how likely is it that you would take any action at all? It's not like it was a violent crime, an assault, where a victim needed help. It's not your theater. It's not your business. Plus, there might be an exigent circumstance, such as that he already bought a ticket but had to do something else first...who knows? So, at most, you might tell a theater employee that someone snuck into the theater, in this case Julia Postal. But, would you take it on yourself to chase this person into the theater? I doubt it.... So, neither Butch Burroughs nor Julia Postal would have called the police, even if they had seen a man sneak into the theater. It was Johnny Brewer who raised such a commotion that Julia finally called the police at 1:44 PM. But readers must remember that Julia was not the only person who called the police about a suspicious man hiding inside of the Texas Theater. JFK researcher Leo Sauvage asked Dallas Assistant District Attorney Jim Bowie whether a telephone call (by Julia Postal) had led to Oswald's arrest. Bowie told Sauvage there was a call from the cashier, but also that there were “Half a dozen calls” to the police concerning a suspicious man sneaking into the theater. A "HALF A DOZEN CALLS" to the police, by a person or persons unknown, is a clear indication of a conspiracy. One of those calls may have come from Jack Ruby's friend, Tommy Rowe, who may have prodded Johnny Brewer into thinking that the suspicious man who snuck into the theater killed officer Tippit. Rowe's "prodding" of Brewer may account for some of the missing minutes. After "HALF A DOZEN" phone calls to the police, the dispatcher finally reported that a suspicious man had gone into the Texas Theater. Twenty six police officers, mostly from 10th & Patton, quickly arrived at the theater, but it is very important for readers to understand that Captain Westbrook was probably the first to arrive.



At some point LEE Oswald may have tried to leave the theater. He could have walked down the rear stairway and out the exit door that opened into the alley. Behind the theater was a young man standing next to a pickup truck with the engine running. If LEE had left the building, HARVEY Oswald would be sitting in the theater with the murder weapon. But Burroughs, able to see the west exit door at the bottom of the stairs to the balcony from the concession stand, may have prevented his departure.





We will soon learn that when Capt. Westbrook arrived at the Tippit murder scene he was carrying a wallet that contained identification for Lee Harvey Oswald and Alek Hidell. Neither Croy nor Westbrook discussed the wallet with the police, FBI, SS, nor Warren Commission. Eventually, in 1996, Croy told researchers that he gave the wallet to Westbrook at 10th & Patton, but there is, and never has been, no existing evidence, testimony, or police/FBI reports to support or verify his claim. Croy should have been asked why he didn't give the wallet to any of two dozen regular police officers and detectives who arrived at the scene. Croy should have been asked why he held onto the wallet for 1/2 hour before giving the wallet to Westbrook, who did not arrive at the scene until 1:40 PM. In the authors opinion, Croy never saw the wallet nor had the wallet in his possession at any time.



NOTE: Croy testified before the WC, but nothing was mentioned about the wallet that Croy claimed to have given to Westbrook. Most of the WC questions related to Croy's presence and activities in the basement of the Dallas Police station when HARVEY Oswald was shot and killed by Jack Ruby. In the author's opinion, it was likely Croy who helped Ruby gain entrance to the basement so that he could kill Oswald.



We will soon learn that when Capt. Westbrook arrived at the Tippit murder scene he was carrying a wallet that contained identification for Lee Harvey Oswald and Alek Hidell. Neither Croy nor Westbrook discussed the wallet with the police, FBI, SS, nor Warren Commission. Eventually, in 1996, Croy told researchers that he gave the wallet to Westbrook at 10th & Patton, but there is, and never has been, no existing evidence, testimony, or police/FBI reports to support or verify his claim. Croy should have been asked why he didn't give the wallet to any of two dozen regular police officers and detectives who arrived at the scene. Croy should have been asked why he held onto the wallet for 1/2 hour before giving the wallet to Westbrook, who did not arrive at the scene until 1:40 PM. In the authors opinion,

POLICE OFFICERS ARRIVE AT 10TH & PATTON. . . .

WHILE CAPT. WESTBROOK DRIVES TO A PARKING LOT BEHIND BALLEW TEXACO



Captain W.R. Westbrook had a desk job at police headquarters, where he was in charge of personnel. On 11/22/63 Westbrook took it upon himself to participate in a homicide investigation at the TSBD, the Tippit shooting, and HARVEY Oswald's arrest at the Texas Theater. This author, however, believes that on 11/22/63 Westbrook was an active participant as a CIA co-conspirator. I believe that Capt. Westbrook drove his unmarked police car to Dealy Plaza, and was one of the police officers looking for HARVEY Oswald on McWatters' bus (circa 12:46 PM). After searching McWatters' bus, and not finding HARVEY Oswald, Westbrook knew that HARVEY Oswald would not be meeting Officer Tippit at the GLOCO station. Capt. Westbrook then commandeered one of numerous police vehicles parked at the TSBD (likely car #207). Westbrook, along with Sgt. Kenneth Croy, then drove to Oak Cliff (circa 12:52 PM) in an attempt to locate HARVEY Oswald and deliver him to the Texas Theater where he (Oswald) would meet his contact. Westbrook and Croy were likely the two police officers seen by Earlene Roberts driving past 1026 N. Beckley and honking the horn at 1:01 PM. They likely picked up HARVEY Oswald, drove him to the Texas Theater, and then drove west 5 blocks to meet up with LEE Oswald and Officer Tippit at 404 E. 10th. After Tippit was shot and killed at 1:06 PM Sgt. Croy remained at the scene, and was likely the policeman seen by Virginia Davis. Capt Westbrook left the scene and likely met up with LEE Oswald, who gave Westbrook his wallet, light colored jacket, and .38 revolver. Capt. Westbrook then drove police vehicle #207 back to the TSBD and waited. A few minutes later the police dispatcher reported that an officer had been shot in Oak Cliff. Capt. Westbrook got into his unmarked police vehicle and drove toward Oak Cliff. When Capt. Westbrook's testified before the Warren Commission, his answers as to how he and fellow officers got to 10th & Patton, who they rode with, and what occurred, differed significantly. NOTE: when the police car drove past Oswald's rooming house on North Beckley, around 1:00 PM, the housekeeper (Earlene Roberts) saw the car. Mz. Roberts told the Warren Commission the number of the police car was "207." The WC asked the Dallas Police the whereabouts of car 207 on 11/22/63, which was assigned to Officer J. M. Valentine. On 11/22/63 Valentine drove car 207 from police headquarters to Dealy Plaza, parked the car, and assisted in the search of the TSBD until late afternoon. Valentine shoul