The Department had been asking for job data up to 15 years old, and wanted far-ranging personal data that included addresses and contact info for over 25,000 employees. In theory, sharing that material could have exposed staff to identity theft in the event of a government data breach, which the judge saw as a realistic possibility.

Officials aren't coming away completely empty-handed. Provided the decision is finalized, Google says it'll honor the rest of the order and provide the "much more limited" data the judge said was acceptable. That includes the contacts for a relatively small sample of 8,000 workers. Still, this definitely isn't what the Labor Department wanted -- and it'll likely have to be more cautious the next time it's investigating pay problems with its tech contractors.