(a) Returns and return information (1) Federal employees and other persons It shall be unlawful for any officer or employee of the United States or any person described in section 6103(n) (or an officer or employee of any such person ), or any former officer or employee, willfully to disclose to any person , except as authorized in this title, any return or return information (as defined in section 6103(b)). Any violation of this paragraph shall be a felony punishable upon conviction by a fine in any amount not exceeding $5,000, or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution, and if such offense is committed by any officer or employee of the United States, he shall, in addition to any other punishment, be dismissed from office or discharged from employment upon conviction for such offense. (2) State and other employees It shall be unlawful for any person (not described in paragraph (1)) willfully to disclose to any person , except as authorized in this title, any return or return information (as defined in section 6103(b) ) acquired by him or another person under subsection (d), (i)(1)(C), (3)(B)(i), or (7)(A)(ii), (k)(10), (13), or (14), (l)(6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (15), (16), (19), (20), or (21) or (m)(2), (4), (5), (6), or (7) of section 6103 or under section 6104(c). Any violation of this paragraph shall be a felony punishable by a fine in any amount not exceeding $5,000, or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. (3) Other persons It shall be unlawful for any person to whom any return or return information (as defined in section 6103(b) ) is disclosed in a manner unauthorized by this title thereafter willfully to print or publish in any manner not provided by law any such return or return information. Any violation of this paragraph shall be a felony punishable by a fine in any amount not exceeding $5,000, or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. (4) Solicitation It shall be unlawful for any person willfully to offer any item of material value in exchange for any return or return information (as defined in section 6103(b)) and to receive as a result of such solicitation any such return or return information. Any violation of this paragraph shall be a felony punishable by a fine in any amount not exceeding $5,000, or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. (5) Shareholders It shall be unlawful for any person to whom a return or return information (as defined in section 6103(b) ) is disclosed pursuant to the provisions of section 6103(e)(1)(D)(iii) willfully to disclose such return or return information in any manner not provided by law. Any violation of this paragraph shall be a felony punishable by a fine in any amount not to exceed $5,000, or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. (b) Disclosure of operations of manufacturer or producer Any officer or employee of the United States who divulges or makes known in any manner whatever not provided by law to any person the operations, style of work, or apparatus of any manufacturer or producer visited by him in the discharge of his official duties shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both, together with the costs of prosecution; and the offender shall be dismissed from office or discharged from employment. (c) Disclosures by certain delegates of Secretary All provisions of law relating to the disclosure of information, and all provisions of law relating to penalties for unauthorized disclosure of information, which are applicable in respect of any function under this title when performed by an officer or employee of the Treasury Department are likewise applicable in respect of such function when performed by any person who is a “ delegate ” within the meaning of section 7701(a)(12)(B). (d) Disclosure of software Any person who willfully divulges or makes known software (as defined in section 7612(d)(1) ) to any person in violation of section 7612 shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. (e) Cross references (1) Penalties for disclosure of information by preparers of returns For penalty for disclosure or use of information by preparers of returns, see section 7216. (2) Penalties for disclosure of confidential information For penalties for disclosure of confidential information by any officer or employee of the United States or any department or agency thereof, see 18 U.S.C. 1905 . (Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 855 ; Pub. L. 85–866, title I, § 90(c) , , 72 Stat. 1666 ; Pub. L. 86–778, title I, § 103(s) , , 74 Stat. 940 ; Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, § 1202(d) , (h)(3), , 90 Stat. 1686 , 1688; Pub. L. 95–600, title VII, § 701(bb)(1)(C) , (6), , 92 Stat. 2922 , 2923; Pub. L. 96–249, title I, § 127(a)(2)(D) , , 94 Stat. 366 ; Pub. L. 96–265, title IV, § 408(a)(2)(D) , , 94 Stat. 468 , as amended Pub. L. 96–611, § 11(a)(2)(B)(iv) , , 94 Stat. 3574 ; Pub. L. 96–499, title III, § 302(b) , , 94 Stat. 2604 ; Pub. L. 96–611, § 11(a)(4)(A) , , 94 Stat. 3574 ; Pub. L. 97–248, title III, § 356(b)(2) , , 96 Stat. 645 ; Pub. L. 97–365, § 8(c)(2) , , 96 Stat. 1754 ; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 453(b)(4) , div. B, title VI, § 2653(b)(4), , 98 Stat. 820 , 1156; Pub. L. 98–378, § 21(f)(5) , , 98 Stat. 1326 ; Pub. L. 100–485, title VII, § 701(b)(2)(C) , , 102 Stat. 2426 ; Pub. L. 100–647, title VIII, § 8008(c)(2)(B) , , 102 Stat. 3787 ; Pub. L. 101–239, title VI, § 6202(a)(1)(C) , , 103 Stat. 2228 ; Pub. L. 101–508, title V, § 5111(b)(3) , , 104 Stat. 1388–273 ; Pub. L. 104–168, title XII, § 1206(b)(5) , , 110 Stat. 1473 ; Pub. L. 105–33, title XI, § 11024(b)(8) , , 111 Stat. 722 ; Pub. L. 105–35, § 2(b)(1) , , 111 Stat. 1104 ; Pub. L. 105–206, title III, § 3413(b) , , 112 Stat. 754 ; Pub. L. 107–134, title II, § 201(c)(10) , , 115 Stat. 2444 ; Pub. L. 108–173, title I, § 105(e)(4) , title VIII, § 811(c)(2)(C), , 117 Stat. 2167 , 2369; Pub. L. 109–280, title XII, § 1224(b)(5) , , 120 Stat. 1093 ; Pub. L. 111–148, title I, § 1414(d) , , 124 Stat. 237 ; Pub. L. 112–240, title II, § 209(b)(3) , , 126 Stat. 2326 ; Pub. L. 114–184, § 2(b)(2)(C) , , 130 Stat. 537 ; Pub. L. 116–25, title I, § 1405(a)(2)(B) , title II, § 2003(c)(2)(B), , 133 Stat. 998 , 1003.)