a, Coomassie staining of indicated protein samples before and after TEV cleavage of the MBP tag. Arrowheads indicate the proteins labelled on top of the gel. Data are representative of three independent experiments. b, Phase separation of GFP–FCA in the presence of Arabidopsis total RNA was tested using 3.13 μM GFP–FCA and RNA ranging from 0.09 to 1.3 μg ml−1. Scale bars, 10 μm. Data are representative of three independent experiments. c, In vitro phase separation assay of GFP–FCA–PrLD at various protein concentrations. Scale bar, 50 μm. Data are representative of three independent experiments. d, FRAP of GFP–FCA puncta. Time 0 indicates the time of the photobleaching pulse. Scale bar, 1 μm. Data are representative of eight independent experiments. e, Plot showing the time course of the recovery after photobleaching GFP–FCA puncta. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 8). f, GFP–FCA puncta do not grow in size or coalesce with each other. Time points are indicated above (in minutes). Scale bar, 10 μm. Data are representative of three independent experiments. g, FRAP of GFP–FCA puncta in the presence of 10% (w/v) PEG. Time 0 indicates the time of the photobleaching pulse. Scale bar, 2 μm. Data are representative of nine independent experiments. h, Plot showing the time course of the recovery after photobleaching GFP–FCA puncta in the presence of 10% (w/v) PEG. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 9). i, Fusion of GFP–FCA puncta in the presence of 10% (w/v) PEG. Time points are indicated above (in minutes). Scale bar, 2 μm. Data are representative of three independent experiments. j, FRAP of GFP–FCA puncta in the presence of Arabidopsis total RNA. Time 0 indicates the time of the photobleaching pulse. Scale bar, 1 μm. Data are representative of eight independent experiments. k, Plot showing the time course of the recovery after photobleaching GFP–FCA puncta in the presence of Arabidopsis total RNA. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 8). Source data