Artificial intelligence has become a frequent topic in the news cycle, with reports of breakthroughs in speech recognition, computer vision, and textual understanding that have made their way into a bevy of products and services that are used every day. In contrast, clinical care has yet to reach the much lower bar of automating health care information transactions in the form of electronic health records. Medical leaders in the 1960s and 1970s were already speculating about the opportunities to bring automated inference methods to patient care,1 but the methods and data had not yet reached the critical mass needed to achieve those goals.