Handfish are sedentary anglerfish that walk on the seabed on hand-like fins. Although first discovered by a French explorer in 1802, the group has remained more a source of curiosity for artists than object of serious scientific study.

In a recent monograph, the first comprehensive review of the group, nine new species were described, bringing the total to 14. All living species are confined to small, disjunct populations off the eastern and southern coasts of Australia.

Among the new species is Brachiopsilus dianthus, named for its carnation-like pink colour. Specialised habitat requirements and limited ability to disperse make these species especially vulnerable among marine fishes.

Quentin Wheeler is director of the International Institute for Species Exploration, Arizona State University