Establishing and determining a factual Geophysical model of planet Earth’s interior has been a considerable challenge for the intellectual community. Given our rapid technological advancement, one would think that determining the makeup of Earth’s core would be simple, but it’s not. Earth’s core is the most inaccessible part of our planet. Several prominent individuals have supported the hollow Earth theory, and it is no joke of a list. A number of physicists, astronomers, mathematicians and high ranking military personnel share the same belief. They share their stories through experience, research and more. There really is some mind blowing information that suggests the Earth could actually be hollow.

Our current understanding about the makeup of Earth’s core is a theory, based on assumption that is taught as fact. The evidence for the composition of the Earth’s core is decent, however indirect. We have no means for directly sampling the deep interior of the Earth(0)(15), humans (apparently, if they have we have not been privy to that information) have not been able to access that part of our planet. Often we fail to recognize that what we so often regard as truth is based on theory and assumption. We take these theories and put them in the category of truth until another theory comes along to replace it. The individuals who proposed the theory of hollow Earth might shock you. They are some of the most influential, intelligent, innovative and creative minds of all time -many of which are at the backbone of science and math. The intellectual arena is not the only one, the hollow Earth theory is also prominent in military history, the hub for global control and concealment of information, known today as the military industrial complex. Some of these names might shock you, and keep in mind that I’ve provided only a short list of the many individuals who supported the theory.

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Theories about the Earth’s core are constantly changing, and have yet to be cemented as truth (1)(2). New theories seem to emerge every year, the last theory proposed was in July 2013 (3).

Geophysical methods provide the only direct measurement for the properties of the Earth’s interior. The most popular methods used today are:

Seismic wave velocity and free oscillation frequencies

Earthquake waves behave differently when they encounter material in different states. This is the best way modern scientists can conjure up some type of structure for inner Earth. Saying the Earth is hollow does not necessarily mean there is no land mass! Seismic waves go through liquid, and go through solids. Wether they do or don’t determine our map of inner Earth. (15)(0)(4). This is why I state we have very weak evidence for the structure of the Earth’s interior. It’s almost as if we have more evidence for the hollow Earth theory.

The moment of inertia

The distribution and secular variation in magnetic field

Laboratory data on mineral physics

The most popular theory that stands today is that the Earth consists of a solid iron inner core, and an outer layer that is molten. It proposes that the interior is layered in spherical shells, inner core, outer core, stiffer mantle and then crust as you head towards the surface. The moment of inertia of the Earth indicates that there is a concentration of mass around the center, seismic data has also shown that the center of the Earth is a solid sphere. This is interesting, because the hollow Earth theory proposes the idea of a central sun. Modern science has even determined that the Earth’s core could be just as hot as the Sun’s surface(16). Again I would like to re-iterate that the theory of the Earth’s core is largely based on seismic activity(4), we’ve never actually been able to probe the Earth’s interior. We cannot guarantee, model or map the Earth’s interior based on seismic activity alone, but logical theories can be developed.

Modern day science has not been able to establish the physical structure of Earth’s interior as a fact. The hollow Earth theory proposes the idea of a central sun in the middle of Earth’s core, which does correlate with what scientists say today. So let’s examine the hollow Earth theory and where it comes from.

The Hollow Earth Theory

The hollow Earth theory suggests that planet Earth is either entirely hollow or contains a substantial amount of interior space. This isn’t a new theory, its existence has been proposed throughout human history. Buddhists believed that the inner Earth was made up of a race of people they called super men and women. They allegedly came up to the surface via tunnels that led to the inner Earth to oversee what was happening on the surface. The Buddhists apparently had lamas guarding the entrances to inner Earth in Tibet.

In Tibetan and Hindu/Indian traditions and texts an ancient kingdom called Shambhala is described. It’s a mythical place located somewhere around Inner Asia. It’s amazing how embedded the theory of inner Earth is within ancient cultures. Is this mythology or reality?

Ancient texts from India like the Ramayana describe the story of a great blue being, the Avatar Rama. The Ramayana depicts Rama as an emissary from “Agartha” that arrived on an air vehicle. The vehicles were commonly known as “Vimanas.” The fact that both Buddhist and Hindu religions separately refer to inner Earth and its civilization is quite fascinating.

Ancient cultures all over the world, from Mayan, to other recent native populations and more all have stories of beings that live and come from an underground world. I had the privilege of spending a year in Northern, Ontario, Canada and was made aware of stories of “little” people that lived underground. Let’s examine where ancient history meets scientific exploration.

Edmund Halley

Edmund Halley was an English astronomer and mathematician who was the first to calculate the orbit of a comet that was later named after him, the popular Halley’s comet(5). He lived through the scientific revolution, an age that was frowned upon by the Catholic Church, where scientists were seen as heretics and even killed. Was this to suppress information already known by the Catholic Church? Maybe, maybe not. Halley’s star catalog published in the late 1600’s was the first of its kind that determined the location of the southern stars, and established his reputation as an astronomer. In 1678 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society and with the intercession of the king he was granted a degree from the University of Oxford.

As you can tell, this was a man of high reputation and intelligence. Halley is also known for his conversations with Isaac Newton, and played a prominent role in publications on the theory of gravitation. Newton was encouraged by Halley to expand his studies on celestial mechanics which led to one of the greatest publications of all time, the Principia(5).

The Royal Society decided that Mr. Halley undertake the business of looking after it, and printing it at his own charge. He consulted with Newton, tactfully subdued a priority dispute between Newton and Hooke, edited the text, corrected the proofs and saw it through the press in 1697(5)

It seems that the Royal Society was keeping a close tap on scientific discoveries. In these times, scientists were coming out of the era in which they were branded as heretics, and marked for death. It seems scientific exploration during the scientific revolution was under the watchful eye of the elite. Edmund Halley proposed that the Earth was hollow and well capable of supporting life in his publication:

An Account of the Cause of the Change of the Variation of the Magnetical Needle; With an Hypothesis of the Structure of the Internal Parts of the Earth(6)

This paper was published by the Royal Society. Halley believed that the Earth was a hollow shell about 500 miles thick, with two inner concentric shells and an innermost core about the diameter of the planets Venus, Mars and Mercury. The shells were separated by atmospheres and each one had its own magnetic poles. The spheres rotated at different speeds. He suggested that each sphere was capable of supporting life, because each sphere was bathed with light from the atmosphere that filled each of the inner spaces. He suggested the possibility of a “more ample creation” within the Earth. His hollow Earth theory came about from the examination of the gradual motion of the lines of magnetic declination. It was based on the value of lunar relative density given by Issac Newton. His hollow Earth theory appeared as the first significant deduction to be drawn from Issac Newton’s Principia.

Leonhard Euler

Leonhard Euler was a Swiss mathematician and physicist. He has produced a large portion of modern mathematical terminology and notation, more specifically the notion of mathematical function. He is considered to be one the greatest mathematicians of all time, and has approximately one thousand publications (7).

Instead of Inner Earth consisting of concentric shells, Euler proposed that Earth was completely hollow(8)(9), with a six-hundred mile diameter sun in the center, similar to what Halley had proposed (central sun). The hollow interior he said, could be reached through holes at the North and South Poles, which if they exist today, are blocked from Google Earth, hidden and classified. Euler proposed that this central Sun provided life to the advanced civilizations that lived there.

Captain John Symmes

Captain John Symmes was a United States Army officer, who rose to the rank of Captain during his role in the war of 1812.

I declare the earth is hollow, and habitable within; containing a number of solid concentrick spheres, one within the other, and that it is open at the poles 12 or 16 degrees; I pledge my life in support of this truth, and am ready to explore the hollow, if the world will support and aid me in the undertaking(10).

Symmes even tried to talk congress into funding an expedition to find the Antarctic hole into the center of Earth, but was not granted permission.

Admiral Richard Byrd

If we fast forward to more modern times, inner Earth garnished more attention in in the 1940’s and after, when Admiral Richard Byrd supposedly journeyed to the hollow Earth. This man was a medal of honor recipient, and a very high ranking (one of the highest) officer in the United States Navy. He was the very first man to fly over the South Pole(12)(13), Admiral Byrd also flew directly over the North Pole and noticed an opening in the top. His diary describes his adventure into the opening where he was witness to lakes, rivers, green vegetation and more. He participated in many expeditions to the North Pole, with one being an official government backed program called operation Highjump(11). It was a US Navy organized by Admiral Byrd, the primary goal was to establish an Antarctic research base. He claims to have been greeted by a flying machine and this is when he first interacted with the beings that existed in a place that is known to many as “Agartha.” The beings told him they were concerned with the development of nuclear weapons, and the overall well being of the planet based on how humanity was affecting it. Admiral Byrd apparently claimed, like many before him, that the North and South pole are actually two of many openings to the center. He also claimed that Inner Earth has a central Sun, like Euler did. His theory is that both poles of the Earth are actually convex, rather than concave. This means that ships and planes would be able to fly or float right in.

After his expeditions, the American press announced Admiral Byrd’s discovery to the world. After the release it was immediately suppressed by the government and Byrd was made out to be a man known to make false claims. His story was quite popular, and was published in National Geographic (12). It’s also worthy to note that his son, Richard Byrd Jr, lived a very difficult life. He died a very mysterious death(14), he was found dead in an empty warehouse. It’s worthy to note that he was 6 years old when he accompanied his father on his expeditions.



The story of Hollow Earth has not solely been tied to science fiction. I wanted to present some available information out there as it is a very intriguing subject. It’s worthy to note that UFOs are constantly seen coming out of the water(17) , maybe some of these objects are from advanced civilizations that live in the Earth’s interior? Until we actually penetrate inner Earth, hollow Earth remains a strong possibility.

Sources:

http://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/hollow/morrow.htm

(0)http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176273/Earths-core

(1)http://www.cspg.org/documents/Conventions/Archives/Annual/2010/0303_GC2010_Structure_of_Earths_Shallow_Outer_Core.pdf

(2)http://www.geol.umd.edu/~mcdonoug/Encyclopedia_Geomagnetism_Paleomagnetism.pdf

(3)http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23180271

(4)http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/earth_int.htm

(6)http://archive.org/details/philtrans00697664

(7) http://www.pdmi.ras.ru/EIMI/EulerBio.html

(8)http://www.amazon.com/Hollow-Earth-ebook/dp/B007QEE59U

(9) http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi2180.htm

(10) http://www.branchcollective.org/?ps_articles=peter-w-sinnema-10-april-1818-john-cleves-symmess-no-1-circular

11http://www.airspacemag.com/history-of-flight/highjump-QandA.html

(12)http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/places/regions-places/polar-regions/antarctica_byrdexpedition/

(13)http://library.osu.edu/find/collections/byrd-polar-archives/byrd/

(14)http://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/09/us/body-of-adm-byrd-s-son-68-found-in-empty-warehouse.html

(15)http://www.indiana.edu/~geol105/images/gaia_chapter_3/seismic.htm

(16)http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2013/04/26/Earths-core-hotter-than-thought-hot-as-suns-surface/UPI-23241367007255/

(17)http://rt.com/news/russian-navy-ufo-records-say-aliens-love-oceans/