WASHINGTON/PHOENIX (Reuters) - Senate Democratic leaders unveiled on Thursday a “framework” for overhauling the country’s “broken” immigration system as protests mounted against Arizona’s crackdown on illegal immigrants.

People protesting against Senate Bill 1070 walk past a banner depicting Arizona's Governor Jan Brewer as a Nazi outside the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix, Arizona April 29, 2010. REUTERS/Joshua Lott

With an estimated 10.8 million people in the United States illegally, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and fellow Democrats said the first step toward reform must be bolstered U.S. border security.

They also called for creation of a high-tech identification card for immigrant workers, a process to admit temporary workers, “tough sanctions” against U.S. employers who hire illegal immigrants, and, eventually, a path toward U.S. citizenship for people in the country unlawfully.

The Democratic proposal would also “require those here illegally to register with the government, pay taxes, learn English, pass criminal background checks and go to the back of the line to earn legal status,” Reid said.

Critics and backers of Arizona’s controversial immigration law attribute the state’s action to Washington’s failure to stem the flow of illegal immigrants to the United States.

The state’s measure, signed into law last Friday, makes it a state crime to be in Arizona illegally. It requires state and local police to determine a person’s immigration status if there is “reasonable suspicion” they are in the United States illegally.

Republican backers say the law is needed to curb crime in the desert state, which is home to some 460,000 illegal immigrants and a major corridor for drug and migrant smugglers from Mexico.

Critics say the law opens the door to racial profiling. Although polls show broad support for Arizona’s law both in the state and nationally, it has sparked an outcry among Latinos, civil rights activists and organized labor before planned May Day rallies this weekend.

President Barack Obama Obama welcomed the Senate Democratic plan and said, “What has become increasingly clear is that we can no longer wait to fix our broken immigration system.”

The president said he would work with both Democrats and Republicans on a plan for reform.

The action at the U.S. Capitol came as the first legal and political challenges to the new Arizona law were filed in the state and a small group of activists turned out to protest the Arizona Diamondbacks baseball team at a game in Chicago.

Obama’s administration said it was considering a court challenge, and Obama has called the law “misguided.”

But Obama said on Wednesday that Congress, having dealt with a crush of volatile issues this year, may not have “the appetite now” to tackle immigration reform.

‘IMMIGRATION SYSTEM IS BROKEN’

Reid and fellow members of the Senate Democratic leadership made it clear they were ready to try.

Reid acknowledged he would need at least some Republican support to clear any Senate procedural roadblocks.

“Democrats and Republicans can all agree that our immigration system is broken,” Reid said, adding bipartisan cooperation was needed to fix it.

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Immigration reform, one of the most incendiary issues in U.S. politics, is seen as unlikely to pass the Congress this election year.

Republicans have accused Reid, who faces an uphill battle for re-election in November, of calling for reform merely in a bid to rally the support of Hispanic voters in his home state of Nevada.

The Democratic “framework” is based largely on an outline drafted earlier by Democratic Senator Charles Schumer and Republican Senator Lindsey Graham. But Graham has complained that Congress is not yet ready to move on it.

Republican Senator Orrin Hatch said the Democratic effort should focus more on border security.

“Instead of fixing our broken borders, Washington politicos are playing a cynical game of introducing so-called immigration reform that I fear will turn into nothing more than amnesty” for illegal immigrants, Hatch said.

LAWSUITS

In Arizona, a group of activists filed a petition with the secretary of state seeking a measure on the November ballot that would put the law before voters. The group, One Arizona, has until late July or early August to submit the more than 76,000 signatures needed to get the initiative on the ballot.

The first two lawsuits challenging the law were filed in federal courts in Arizona -- one by a Tucson police officer and the other by the National Coalition of Latino Clergy and Christian Leaders.

“It is an attempt by Arizona to regulate immigration and that is a responsibility and authority that belongs exclusively to the federal government under our constitution,” Thomas Saenz, president of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, told a news conference and rally outside the state capitol in Phoenix.

Saenz’s organization, and the American Civil Liberties Union and the National Immigration Law Center said they also planned legal challenges.

Despite the outcry, a Rasmussen Reports poll on Wednesday found nearly two-thirds -- 64 percent -- of Arizona voters favored the statute. A telephone survey this week showed 60 percent of voters nationwide backed such a law.