The material was received in a few different sizes and consisted of LDF-MDF-LDF and melamine-particleboard-paper impregnated with phenolic resins. These materials were used as obtained and not cleaned in order to more thoroughly test the recyclability of wood waste material. Whatever surface contaminates were on the as-received materials would likely be negligible due to the sheer amount of new surfaces generated when particles are reduced to micron size. Larger materials were broken up initially via band saw into 10 by 6-cm sections for feeding into a wood chipper (Fig. 1A). The material was cycled through the wood chipper three times, and the different sources of wood-based furniture waste were mixed together to form an even composition weight percent (wt%) of each supplier's materials. This combined furniture waste mix had a nominal particle size of 2 to 3 mm wide and 2 to 6 mm long. At this size, they were too large to be added to the PLA polymer for 3-D printing through a standard nozzle (0.5 mm in diameter) but could be used on larger nozzles to achieve a particleboard-type print. As the goal of this work was to investigate fine structures, the material was hammer milled (Fig. 1B) with various mesh sizes ranging from 3.00 to 0.75 mm in batches of 200 g (50 g from each supplier) for 30 minutes at each mesh, resulting in a submillimeter average size of wood fiber mix. Initial trials of filament that were fabricated with wood fibers of this size met with reasonable success; however, the particle size was determined to be too large for a consistent FFF extrusion through a 0.5-mm nozzle on a standard delta-type RepRap 3-D printer (Irwin et al. 2014, Anzalone et al. 2015). Therefore, a fine particle sifter assembly (Pringle 2017a) was fabricated (Fig. 1C), and another assembly was printed out of PLA on a 3-D printer. The sifter assembly is made up of four sections: the bucket for particle collection, the replaceable stainless steel mesh (Kindustrial), the funnel for guiding particle flow, and the lid for sealing to prevent the loss of fine particles. One assembly incorporated a 210-μm stainless steel mesh and the other an 80-μm stainless steel mesh. The sifting was automated using a vibratory deairing device (model H-1756 from Humboldt) to produce sub-80-μm particles. Material was first loaded into the 210-μm mesh sifter and held onto the vibratory device with rubber bands to allow optimal shaking. The material initially vibrated for 1 hour before being transferred to the 80-μm mesh sifter and vibrated again for 1 hour. By the end of the process, the powder material had the consistency of grain flour and will be referred to here as wood-waste powder. Throughout this process, the moisture content was never directly measured. Through observation of the wood-waste powder material's lack of agglomeration and ease of free flow when handled, it was concluded that the heat generated during the size reduction process reduced moisture content to acceptable levels.