Michael Chamberlain, who waged a decades-long battle to prove his baby daughter was killed by a dingo in Australia’s most notorious case of injustice, died Jan. 9. He was 72.

His ex-wife, Lindy Chamberlain, announced the death in a statement. Michael Chamberlain’s longtime friend and former lawyer, Stuart Tipple, told Australia’s Fairfax Media that Mr. Chamberlain died as a result of complications from leukemia. No other details were reported.

Lindy and Michael Chamberlain were wrongly convicted in the death of their 9-week-old daughter Azaria after the infant vanished from their tent during a 1980 camping trip to Uluru, the sacred monolith in Australia’s Outback.

The mystery surrounding Azaria’s disappearance was the most divisive and sensational legal drama in Australian history. It gained a place in global pop culture after Meryl Streep portrayed Lindy in the 1988 movie “A Cry in the Dark.” Sam Neill played Mr. Chamberlain.

The Chamberlains insisted that a dingo snatched their daughter from the tent. But officials doubted the wild dogs were capable of carrying an infant. Instead, prosecutors argued that Lindy had slit her daughter’s throat and buried her in the desert.

Michael Chamberlain and Lindy Chamberlain in 1980. (Russell McPhedran/Reuters)

There were no witnesses, no motive and no body; Azaria’s remains were never found. But in 1982, Lindy was nonetheless convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison. Michael was convicted of being an accessory after the fact and given a suspended sentence.

Three years later, Azaria’s jacket was found in the desert near a dingo den, and Lindy was quickly released from prison. A Royal Commission, the highest form of investigation in Australia, later debunked much of the forensic evidence used at trial and the Chamberlains’ convictions were overturned. In 2012 — more than three decades after Azaria vanished — a coroner finally ruled that the infant had died as a result of a dingo attack.

The trial remains a source of shame for the many Australians who initially doubted the Chamberlains and cast Lindy as a villain largely because of her religious beliefs. Michael Chamberlain was a pastor with the Seventh-day Adventist Church, a Protestant denomination that few Australians understood. Rumors flew that Lindy had killed her daughter as part of a grisly religious ritual.

Shortly before the coroner’s ruling in 2012, Michael Chamberlain told the Associated Press that religious bigotry played a large role in the injustice he and his former wife suffered.

“The church got so smashed up, erroneously, and all through, really, a nasty dose of prejudice,” Mr. Chamberlain told the AP. “I can say that I think our religion definitely impacted quite strongly on the attitude that many Australians developed.”

Michael Leigh Chamberlain was born in Christchurch, New Zealand, on Feb. 27, 1944.

Mr. Chamberlain and the former Lindy Murchison divorced in 1991. He later married Ingrid Bergner, and became an author and teacher.

Survivors include his wife and four children from his first marriage.

— Associated Press