"The primary and often stated goal of state management is to produce a ‘harvestable surplus’ of hooved animals such as deer and elk for hunters to kill. The primary ethos is one of domination, utilization, and objectification. Goals and problems are defined so that the solution is to kill something. There is little or no room for valuation of animals or consideration of welfare and rights. Predators such as grizzly bears (and wolves) are considered to be competitors for opportunities to kill elk, deer, and other herbivores. There is essentially little to no consideration given to other values, and virtually no credence is given to research showing the ecosystem benefits of healthy populations of large carnivores.