I recently gave a TEDx talk on meditation, and with all the interest growing around meditation in general, we've been getting lots of questions from people who want suggestions for how to get started. I thought I'd collect some ideas here. This list is woefully incomplete, and the field is expanding daily, but hopefully this will give some threads to follow.

Here's how Michelle and I got started:

Mindfulness in Plain English (Bhante Henepola Gunaratana) - this is probably the most popular primer on the subject. It's very accessible even if you are not interested in Buddhism (as we weren't when we started).

The Attention Revolution (Wallace) - Alan's exceptional in the way he combines depth of experience, scholarship and ability to communicate with a Western audience. This was the 'instruction manual' in our longer retreat, but the practices work well in an engaged life, too. As with Gunaratana, Alan's a Buddhist, but his writing is accessible no matter your spiritual bent.

I've listed a number of other books below, including from other traditions (secular, Christian, Taoist, etc.).

There are a lot more links to recent articles on meditation on the FB page here of the Community Mindfulness Project (a non-profit four of us in Connecticut founded). For anyone in the Southern CT/Westchester area, we list local sits and events.

Also, here are some tips that have really helped us and others:

Consistency . These practices rarely have a big impact at first, they're like a drug that builds up its dosage in the bloodstream over time. Studies show that just 10 minutes a day can have a big impact on the body, the brain, and our experience of the world, but the key is to stick with that 10 minutes, day in, day out.

Don't be hard on yourself. Try to let go of being goal-oriented. Just about everyone feels like they're really "bad" at this when they start. Expectations can be your worst enemy here, try to let go of them when you're on the cushion. You're like a sailor who can't control the winds - sometimes there's smooth sailing, but plenty of times you'll be in the doldrums, or crazy-seeming 100-knot gusts, or a downright storm. It's easy to get waterlogged and decide you're just not cut out for these practices. The key is to show up on deck every day, for at least 10 minutes, and give it your best, whatever the conditions.

Relaxation is a critical foundation . This is unlike most things we're taught in our culture, where trying harder is key. Improvements in the stability and vividness of attention emerge from a deep, underlying sense of relaxation (Alan Wallace does a great job of expanding on this). Letting go of any perfectionist, high achiever, goal-oriented instincts is, oddly enough, a key to "success." Finding times of day when you can be relaxed is helpful for the practice.

Lying down is perfectly valid for this - e.g. lying on top of your bed, in a formal position (i.e. Yoga's Savasana position) and emphasizing a deep sense of relaxation, of melting into the bed.

Don't Expect Just Relaxation . Having said the above, these practices are not just about relaxing. Part of what you're doing is opening up the door to your unconscious, and all kinds of "stuff" can come up: anxiety, frustration, jealousy, greed, lust, feelings of inadequacy, etc. Don't feel like you are "bad" at the practice if the mind is full of agitation during some of your sits. That's part of the process, those agitated sits are where you are doing the real work, airing out some of these pent-up emotions, and learning how to handle them and stay balanced while they blow through.

Careful - there are risks . If you feel like the practices are sending you in a dangerous direction, and negative mental states are extending well beyond the actual meditation time, please be careful (see the "Dark Night Project" research, below). Be particularly mindful if you feel you are in a vulnerable mental state and/or are extending your practice time beyond 10-20 minutes a day. These practices are powerful medicine, and it's important to seek out professional guidance with as much discernment as picking out your family doctor. Connecting with one of the teachers listed below, or a trained therapist (especially one with some familiarity with meditation, increasingly common) can make all the difference between moving in a positive direction and descending into a dangerous place. As you choose your teacher, please recognize that very very few teachers in our culture combine a high level of direct experience and scholarship, an ability to connect with a Western audience, authentic motivation, and high ethics. It's important to be as discerning in choosing a teacher as you would be the right family doctor (except there's no licensing here, so you have to be a lot more discerning).

10 Minutes a Day is a Good Baseline; Retreats Can be Helpful to Get Going . Ten minutes a day is a good minimum - and there's plenty of research showing a big impact on brain, body, how we experience the world. But, again, the key is to do it every day. Not everyone can do a retreat, but if you have the ability to do one, even a weekend retreat, it can be helpful (recs below on retreat centers).

Balance Attention-Training and Heart-Opening Practices. Practices designed to cultivate a clear, balanced, focused mind (e.g. mindfulness of breathing) can become 'dry,' and result in a personality that is focused, but lacking in empathy, basic decency. Heart-opening practices (e.g. lovingkindness) train these qualities, and are grounded in ethics and an emphasis on a healthy, altruistic motivation. It's helpful to balance these two types of practices. They end up reinforcing each other in remarkable ways. Over time, people sometimes find that they begin to converge in ways that are quite profound.

Other Practical Tips:

Different seats work for different folks, but overall, we find that gomden cushions tend to be the most popular (e.g. you can find on Samadhi Cushions website) - very useful for the Westerner not used to sitting cross-legged! Other options include Zafus, Crescent Cushions, kneeling benches. Also, you'll want an 'under cushion' - e.g. a Zabuton.



Insight Timer app (iPhone, Android) - useful.



See meditation apps, below.



Can be helpful to sit with back to wall, with a cushion behind the lower back.



Earplugs can be useful if silence is hard to come by!

What Practice Is Right for Me?

The best advice we've come across on this question:

Maintain a balance of attention-oriented practices (e.g. mindfulness of breathing) and heart-opening practices (e.g. lovingkindness). These two families of practices develop distinct qualities and actually reinforce each other in interesting and surprising ways.

Try out practices from different traditions to get a feel for what clicks for you, then stick with one for a longer period of time to give yourself to move along that particular path.

With respect to the attention practices, try out a variety of practices (e.g. mindfulness of breathing, mantra-based, settling the mind in its natural state, shamatha without a sign) to get a feel for what works best for you. Then select one or two attention-oriented practices.

Try to find a practice with the right degree of subtlety or 'coarseness' (not a derogatory word) for where you are at this point in your life. The more active, or agitated the mind, the more likely that a coarser practice is going to be helpful. The calmer, more relaxed and more settled the mind is, the more likely a subtle practice will be helpful. Objects of attention from the external sensory domains (e.g. hearing, touch, sight, touch - sensations related to breathing) tend to be "courser" than mental objects (e.g. thoughts, emotions, or awareness itself). Within the domain of mental objects, different practices have different degrees of subtlety (e.g. 'settling the mind' may be less subtle than 'shamatha without a sign'). Within the several different styles of mindfulness of breathing, there are different levels of subtlety (e.g. the belly is relatively course, the area under the nose more subtle, and the subtle increases over time as your breath grows more subtle). This all may sound a bit confusing, I realize. The key is to try out practices with different subtlety levels to get a feel for what works best for you. Your lifestyle and temperament will click best with a practice that is neither too subtle nor too course for where you are in this moment of time. Modern life is defined by a fast pace and wide range of stimuli competing for your attention (smart phones, Facebook, and endless other forms of quick-hit entertainment), in a way that is unprecedented. As a result, most people have highly agitated minds, at least relative to people from prior eras. My unscientific observation is that mindfulness of breathing or a mantra-based practice are good starting places for most people who lead active, engaged modern lives.



Here are more resources:

More Books to Get Started

It's ideal to start with a good teacher, but that's very hard to find in this country. Assuming that you can't, here are some book ideas to take the first steps, from different perspectives: secular, Buddhist, Christian, science-oriented, etc.

In addition to the various books by the two authors listed at the top, here are a handful of books/resources we know well, or which friends strongly recommend:

Articles to Get Started

Recorded/online teachings:

Secular

MBSR - pioneering, secular program founded over forty years ago. 60 Minutes segment on MBSR here

Tibetan Buddhist (accessible to non-Buddhists)

Zen Buddhist

Christian

Father David Steindl-Rast

(see book Into the Silent Land, above)

Apps

Recent NYT article on apps here

Insight Timer app - great meditation timer

Various meditation apps . The only one we're familiar with is Headspace, which seems very good. We've heard people like Calm and 10% Happier, too.

Retreat Centers

Here are some of the better known centers, where we or people we know have gone. They are all affiliated with spiritual traditions, many Buddhist:

Spirit Rock (CA)

Insight Meditation Center (MA)

Upaya Zen Center (NM)

Tara Mandala (CO)

Omega Institute (NY)

Barre Center for Buddhist Studies

Goenka Centers ' (lots of places, in the 'modern Vipassana' tradition - how we got started. They can be powerful if you connect with the teachings, although it is worth knowing that they are quite intense - all silent, with the ability to practice 10+ hours per day.)

Garrison Institute (NY)

The town of Crestone, CO (where we spent most of our retreat) is full of retreat centers from a variety of traditions: Zen, Hindu, Catholic, Tibetan Buddhist and more. We are not familiar with any of them (we were in a house, in self-retreat), but it's an interesting and unique cluster for sure!

Plum Village (France)

Heartwell Institute (Worcester MA)

Science of Meditation:

In Schools/For Children (can start as early as pre-school):

In Sports:

In Prisons:

In Healthcare:

Universities Leading the Way:

In Corporate Training:

Potential Project

Google's Search Inside Yourself

Imagine Clarity (my wife has done some volunteer work for them)

Institute for Mindful Leadership (New Jersey)

Mindful Work (book by David Gelles)

In Government:

Hospice Care:

Research Related to the Pitfalls and Dangers of Meditation:

Other: