“The fear of going extinct makes the Rohingya community want women to get married at an early age and have as many children as possible,” she said, acknowledging the role scant education and widespread poverty also play in driving large family sizes. “This is a highly patriarchal society, and they see only one role for women, which is the biological role, in which their value lies in producing the next generation.”

Pregnancy and early marriage, however, were no defense against the Tatmadaw’s recent campaign. And once victims of sexual violence reach the camps, they are particularly susceptible to the sex trade because they are seen by their families as damaged goods.

Another Rohingya woman, Rahima Khatun grew up in a refugee camp, part of an earlier wave of Rohingya who escaped to Bangladesh. Her story is as bleak as it is common. She married when she was 12. Her husband, far older than she, beat her and raped her, she said.

A son was born, but when he was 2 months old, Ms. Khatun’s husband left her for another wife — and another dowry, which funded his emigration to Malaysia. Never once did he send her money, she said.

To survive as a single mother, Ms. Khatun, now 21, works as a prostitute. Her customers aren’t violent, for which she is grateful, she said, but they also refuse to use condoms. In a good day, she can earn $25, far more than her previous jobs sorting fish and grinding spices.

“Everyone has their self-respect, and no one will sell their body willingly,” she said, as her 9-year-old boy sidled up and wrested her cellphone for a game of Candy Crush.

“I’m doing all this for my son,” Ms. Khatun said. “I am lucky because he is not a girl.”