CDC’s origins are closely linked to malaria control activities in the US. On July 1, 1946, in Atlanta, the Communicable Disease Center was created as a new component of the U.S. Public Health Service. The new center was the direct successor of the Office of Malaria Control in War Areas, an agency established in 1942 to limit the impact of malaria and other vector-borne diseases (such as murine typhus) in the southeastern US during World War II. The center was located in Atlanta (rather than Washington, DC) because the South was the area of the country with the most malaria transmission.

In the ensuing years, CDC oversaw the US national malaria eradication program and provided technical support to activities in the 13 states where malaria was still endemic. (Dr. Justin M. Andrews, director of CDC from 1952 to 1953, was also director of the Division of Malaria and Hookworm Service of the Georgia Department of Public Health in Atlanta.) By 1951, malaria was considered eliminated from the United States. However, to the present day, malaria remains a major field of activities at CDC.