WASHINGTON – Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Chuck Grassley today encouraged the administration to take the TN visa program into account while considering any changes to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) during negotiations.

In a letter to United States Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer, Grassley notes that the TN visa program represents an “uncapped and under-recognized pool of high skill employees” that could exacerbate employment risk of American workers in certain industries that already rely heavily on foreign workers.

The TN visa program was created as part of NAFTA and allows high-skilled, Canadian or Mexican nationals to reside in the United States for 3 years and renew that status an unlimited number of times. Unlike other high-skilled visa programs, like H-1B, there is no impact or labor analysis to determine the effect such visa recipients may have on American workers and industries. It is estimated that almost 100,000 TN visa holders are working in the United States, in professions ranging from doctors and lawyers to interior designers, librarians and beekeepers.

Full text of Grassley’s letter follows.

October 23, 2017

VIA ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION

Ambassador Robert E. Lighthizer

Office of the United States Trade Representative

600 17th Street NW

Washington, DC 20508

Dear Ambassador Lighthizer,

I write to express ongoing concerns regarding the uncapped TN nonimmigrant classification, a component of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that permits Mexican and Canadian nationals to take high-paying professional jobs in the United States. Given your current review of the NAFTA framework [1] and the many changes to global, regional, and national economies since this provision was implemented almost twenty-five years ago, I ask that you consider renegotiating the guest worker provisions of NAFTA as part of any broader examination of the treaty.

As you know, the TN visa category permits high skilled professionals [2] from our NAFTA treaty partners to work within the United States, imposing almost none of the labor protections or impact analysis required for high skilled workers from other countries, such as those that enter through the H-1B visa program. [3] The list of TN professions is expansive, covering everything from doctors, lawyers, and engineers, to interior designers, librarians, and beekeepers. [4] Although the category is technically “temporary,” it permits an initial stay up to 3 years, and there is no limit on the number of extensions of stay that a TN visa worker may request. [5] Canadian citizens may apply for TN visa status simply by submitting the necessary documentation directly to a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer at the port of entry [6] ; Mexican citizens must apply for a visa but after arrival may, like their Canadian counterparts, extend TN status upon Citizenship and Immigration Services approval. [7]

Evidence suggests that employers will pursue any means available to hire high skill foreign workers, [8] who generally cost less and are more vulnerable than American workers. Given the current administration’s focus on protections for the American worker, including efforts to rein in the H-1B program, [9] businesses will be looking for alternative sources of cheap foreign labor to exploit. With few restrictions and a ready supply of nearby professionals, employers are likely to turn to the TN visa category. The TN visa, if left unchanged in its current form, could well undermine the administration’s broader efforts.

Indeed, the number of TN visa workers employed in the United States has been growing in recent years. Although the administration does not keep track of the exact number of aliens in TN visa status, statistics that are available suggest the number could be approaching 100,000. The Department of State’s visa report shows that: 14,768 TN visas were issued in 2016, (along with 9,762 TD visas for spouses and children), another 13,093 were approved in 2015, and 11,207 in 2014, for a total of 39,068 TN visas issued (largely to Mexican workers) in the last three full years. [10] Although Canadian workers are not required to apply for a TN visa, a Canadian news source recently estimated that “30,000 to 40,000” Canadians work in the U.S. in TN status. [11]

This uncapped and under-recognized pool of high skill employees exacerbates the risk to American workers already present in certain industries that rely too heavily on foreign workers. [12] It also constrains the U. S. Government’s total discretion over our immigration laws.

Although I recognize there are risks to reopening negotiations regarding any treaty provision, I believe that it would be a mistake to essentially renew the TN temporary worker visa category, without considering the broader implications for the current U.S. economy. Given President Trump’s willingness to reevaluate—or reject—any and all of the NAFTA agreement, and in the interest of protecting American workers, I recommend that you specifically include temporary workers in the ongoing NAFTA review. I also ask that you consider whether the admittance of unlimited temporary workers under a multinational trade agreement—as opposed to through the existing statutory and regulatory frameworks employed by the Departments of State, Homeland Security, and Labor in other worker visa categories—best serves the interests of the American people and American workers.

Thank you in advance for your cooperation with this request. If you have questions, please contact Brad Watts at (202) 224-5225.

Sincerely,

Charles E. Grassley

United States Senator

Cc: The Honorable Rex Tillerson

Secretary

U.S. Department of State

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