The report underscores the substantial work that countries like China face as they seek to out-develop Western nations. And it reflects U.S. policies that put the United States in a strong position to lead, said Cisco, which makes networking technology.

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Proponents say 5G will offer download speeds faster than what many households receive on their home Internet connections. And, they say, 5G’s reliability will unlock new capabilities such as self-driving cars, remote medicine and a thriving ecosystem of smart appliances that require a constant connection.

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Although the Asia-Pacific region will be home to more than twice the number of 5G devices than North America by 2022, 5G connections will account for a tiny share of the mobile devices in that region, according to Cisco. 5G connections will account for a greater share of mobile devices in Western Europe, about 6.5 percent.

Tuesday marks the first time Cisco has dedicated an entire section in its mobile report to 5G technology.

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“The U.S. has made a good start in changing policies to support the deployment of 5G, and as we look around the rest of the world, policy changes of the type we’ve seen here in the U.S. have not yet happened,” said Mary Brown, senior director of government affairs at Cisco. “We do expect that’s going to be changing over the next 12 to 18 months, and so the race to 5G is very real.”

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A head start in 5G penetration could be critical for determining which countries get to shape — and benefit from — the knock-on innovations in apps, services and other economic fruits of the technology, according to policy analysts. When the United States took the lead on 4G mobile technology, it gave rise to the app economy, which remains dominated by U.S.-based firms today, said Brown.

“The stakes with 5G are even higher," she said.

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For now, a true 5G experience remains out of reach for the average consumer. The first 5G smartphones aren’t expected until later this year; in the meantime, carriers such as AT&T and Verizon have been locked in a marketing war to convince customers that they’re making rapid progress (though AT&T was recently sued for some of its promotional activities).

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Telecom executives, and many federal officials, have cited intense competition against global rivals as a reason to accelerate the spread of 5G in the United States with deregulation and policies favorable to the industry.

“U.S. leadership in 5G technology is a national imperative for economic growth and competitiveness,” said Ajit Pai, chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, at a White House summit on the issue last year. “We cannot let today’s red tape strangle the 5G future.”

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Last year, in a bid to grease processes at the local level, the FCC moved to limit how much cities could charge telecom companies for using publicly owned utility poles and required swifter decisions on infrastructure permits.

The plan was welcomed by industry groups as a crucial step toward building 5G but was assailed by critics who said it amounted to a massive corporate handout.

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“This effectively transfers $2 billion from cities to carriers,” Blair Levin, a former FCC chief of staff, wrote in a blog post last week. “In return, the FCC asks carriers for nothing.”

Complicating the picture are ongoing concerns about the security of networking equipment from companies such as China’s Huawei, which the Trump administration is expected to target with a possible executive order. The FCC, in a separate move, has proposed limiting federal funding to U.S. telecom companies that use Huawei’s hardware. Policymakers worry that foreign manufacturers could secretly install spyware in their products that could allow other governments to eavesdrop on sensitive U.S. communications. Huawei’s founder on Tuesday rejected those claims as speculation in an interview with CBS.

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The uncertainty surrounding U.S. infrastructure policy, Washington’s stance on foreign firms and the details of 5G technology that are still being hammered out could result in delays.

“We anticipate that some large scale commercial 5G deployments may not be executed until after the current forecast period (after 2022),” Cisco said in its report.