The work on this website is copyrighted. It is ok to reference the site material online with an appropriate link to the site, or proper citation if in print form. Copyright 2009-2016 Antenna-Theory.com. Antennas, Antenna Basics, Antenna Gain. Teoría de la antena en Español 天线理论（中文） Check out this Fourier Transform website: Fourier Transforms About this Site: Antennas and Antenna Theory has always been a fascinating subject for me, and it is this excitement that leads me to present this tutorial. In my life, I have found that once I thoroughly understand a subject, I am amazed at how simple it seems, despite the initial complexity. This I have found true for a wide range of activities, be it riding a motorcycle, learning about antennas, or understanding physical phenomena such as electromagnetics. With that in mind, I endeavor to write this Antenna Theory website in the simplest of all possible manners. Specifically, consider this statement: Complexity is not a sign of intelligence; simplify. I have found this to a priceless amount of wisdom. In that regard, one need not know the intricacies of Lebesgue integration or complex integrals involving Cauchy residues in order to fully understand Antenna Theory. In fact, most people who focus on the mathematical intricacies of Maxwell's Equations tend to be poor practicing antenna engineers (probably because they try to write code or derive integrals instead of put a product together). The subject of Antennas is best understood intuitively; this is in stark contrast to the methods in University, where complex math pervades every page. I do not think this approach effectively teaches antenna theory. In these pages you will not find rigorous mathematical analysis which only apply in the simplest of antenna cases (and are ultimately artificial for the real world); I will try to state facts and a minimum of math except where necessary. I also try to avoid making things unnecessarily complicated. For instance, VSWR stands for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, and sounds very complicated. But it is simply a measure of how much power is reflected from an antenna. Avoiding unnecessary complexity is a lifelong goal of mine. About me: I am a practicing antenna engineer, with a PhD in antennas and I have worked for many years in defense, university and the consumer electronics field as an antenna engineer. My dissertation in pdf form is available here: Antenna Arrays: Performance Limits and Geometry Optimization. Other Projects: A simple physics site entitled Why is the sky blue? and a daylight saving time project entitled when does the time change.