Zhílì-Ānhuī War

直皖战争 July 14-23, 1920, war between Zhili and Anhui Cliques for control of the Beiyang government



Duàn Qíruì

段祺瑞 1865-1936. Warlord and China politician. Also served as premier. Originally from Hefei, Anhui, he headed the Anhui Clique



Húnán 湖南 Province in central China, capital is Changsha

Běiyáng Clique

北洋系 The faction that arose out of the Beiyang Army. This army served as the centerpiece of the Qing Dynasty's military modernization efforts.

Féng Guózhāng

冯国璋 Zhili Clique leader after Yuan Shikai, general and politician during the Republic of China. Lived from 1859-1919



Cáo Kūn

曹锟 1862-1938, Succeeded Feng Guozhang as head of the Zhili Clique, also former president of China

Wú Pèifú

吴佩孚 1862-1938, Succeeded Feng Guozhang as head of the Zhili Clique, also former president of China



Zhílì Clique 直系 The faction in north China based in Zhili, today's Hebei Province, once led by Feng Guozhang and later Cao Kun and Wu Peifu

Mukden Incident

九一八事变 Also known as The Manchurian Incident. A staged incident that happened in Shenyang September 18, 1931 used by Japan to invade and control northeast China. Also known as the Manchurian Incident

Hàn Dynasty 汉朝 Ancient Chinese dynasty founded by Liu Bang that lasted from 206 BCE to 220 CE with a brief interregnum by Wang Mang from 9 CE to 23 CE

Wáng Mǎng

王莽 Han Dynasty official who seized the throne and ruled as emperor of the Xin Dynasty 9-23 CE

Hùfǎjūn 护法军 The Constitutional Protection Army who fought against (and lost to) the northern warlords

Táng Jìyáo 唐继尧 Military governor of Yúnnán from 1913-1927. Lived from 1883-1927

Lù Róngtíng 陆荣廷 Guangxi warlord who lived from 1859-1928. Headed what was known as the "Old Guangxi Clique"

Chén Jiǒngmíng 陈炯明 Guangdong-born and raised Revolutionary. General and politician who lived from 1878-1933. Warlord of Guǎngdōng province and later rival to Sun Yat-sen

Sun Yat sen 孙逸仙 Called the "Father of Modern China." A revolutionary, statesman and KMT founder. Lived from 1866-1925

Yuán Shìkǎi

袁世凯 1859-1916, Military and government official and first president of the Republic of China. Also called "The First Warlord"



Ānhuī Clique

皖系 The faction headed by Duan Qirui. The political wing of the Anhui Clique was the Anfu Club



Sūn Chuánfāng 孙传芳 1885-1935, Known as The Nanking Warlord. One of the major warlords of the era



Zhāng Zuòlín

张作霖 1875-1928, The Manchurian Warlord, another major warlord in his day



Fèngtiān Clique 奉天军阀 The faction headed by the Manchurian Warlord, Zhang Zuolin

Liáoníng province 辽宁省 One of the three provinces of Manchuria, was known as Fèngtiān province for about a quarter century

Hēilóngjiāng 黑龙江省 One of the three provinces of Manchuria. Capital is Harbin

Jílín 吉林省 One of the three provinces of Manchuria. Capital is Changchun

Zhāng Xuéliáng 张学良 Son of Zhang Zuolin, Also known as the Young Marshal. Lived from 1901-2001, a hundred years

Hǎichéng 海城 A city in Liaoning about midway between Shěnyáng and Dàlián… Liáoníng Province

Hóng Húzi 红胡子 Red Beards, the roving militias of the north of China

Shěnyáng 沈阳 Capital city in Liaoning province

Dàlián 大连 Major port city in Liaoning province

Wáng Zhànyuán

王占元 1861-1934, Chinese general and warlord of Hubei province



Dūjūn 督军 provincial military governors

Xú Shùzhēng 徐树铮 de facto leader of the Ānfú Club… And a very close comrade of Duan Qirui

Xú Shìchāng 徐世昌 Beiyang Clique stalwart going back to the beginning. Lived from 1855-1939. Not a military man. Served as both president and premier of the Republic of China

Bóhǎi Sea

渤海湾 A gulf located in the north Yellow Sea where Liaoning, Hebei and Shandong are all located

Shāndōng 山东省 Coastal province in north China

Shānxī 山西省 Northern province of China. Taiyuan is the capital.

Shǎnxī 陕西省 Northern province of China. Xian (ancient Chang'an) is the capital.

Hénán 河南省 Ancient province of China on the central plain. Capital is Zhengzhou

Xiàng Yǔ

项羽 Warrior King of Chu State (modern-day Hubei) who lived from 232-202 BCE. He faced Liu Bang unsuccessfully to become a unifying emperor of China

Liú Bāng

刘邦 Founder of the Han Dynasty who defeated Xiang Yu in the Chu-Han Contention. Also known as Han Gaozu, he lived from approximately 256-195 BCE

Liáng Shìyí 梁士诒 Lived from 1869-1933. Old Yuan Shikai ally who served as premier of the republic for one month

Shānhǎiguān 山海关 Located around Qinhuangdao, Hebei province. Shanhai Pass. The part of the Great Wall built by Qi Jiguang during the Ming either begins at Shanhaiguan or terminates there. Shanhaiguan is located less than 200 miles from Beijing

Qínhuángdǎo 秦皇岛 Coastal city in Hebei located on the Bohai Sea. Borders Tangshan and Chengde

Héběi Province

河北省 Northern province of China, once known as Zhili province. Beijing is physically located within Hebei.

Xīnjiāng

新疆 China's northwestern province located north of Tibet and south of Russia and Mongolia

Guǎngzhōu 广州 Capital of Guangdong Province and major city in modern Chinese history (and ancient China too). Sun Yat-sen's base during the 1920's

