A young Venezuelan protester died on Friday after being shot in the head, authorities said, taking fatalities from a month of anti-government unrest to at least 37 as the opposition geared up for more demonstrations.

Hecder Lugo was hurt during fighting between demonstrators and security forces in Valencia on Thursday that also injured four others, the local opposition mayor Enzo Scarano said in a series of tweets. Lugo's age has been variously reported as 20 and 22.

The state prosecutor's office, which keeps an official count of deaths since protests began against socialist President Nicolas Maduro in early April, confirmed he died after being shot in a protest.

Another 717 people have been injured and 152 are still in jail from the hundreds rounded up in widespread unrest around the volatile South American OPEC nation of 30 million people, according to the office's latest tally.

There has been violence and widespread looting this week in Valencia, a once-bustling industrial hub two hours from the capital by road.

An opposition supporter picks up a tear gas canister during clashes with security forces on Thursday in Caracas. (Carlos Garcia Rawlins/Reuters)

Venezuela's opposition, which now enjoys majority support after being in the shadow of the ruling Socialist party since Hugo Chavez's 1998 election win, says his successor Maduro has become a dictator and wrecked the economy.

Vowing to stay in the streets for as long as necessary, opposition leaders announced nationwide women's marches for Saturday with the biggest planned for the capital Caracas.

Opposition lawmakers briefly unfurled a banner on Friday at the National Assembly, where they won a majority in 2015 thanks to voter ire over the recession, saying "Maduro Dictator."

The president says they are seeking a violent coup with U.S. support, and is setting up a "constituent assembly" super body to shake up public powers, change the constitution, and possibly replace the existing legislature.

An injured opposition activist is assisted after clashes with riot police on Thursday at the Central University of Venezuela. (Federico Parra/AFP/Getty Images)

"President Maduro has made a big call to national dialogue," Delcy Rodriguez, the country's foreign minister, told diplomats at a meeting on Friday, showing them images of violence and vandalism on the streets caused by youths at the front of protests. "They are not peaceful, the opposition leaders share big responsibility in these acts of extremism and vandalism."

The Trump administration is monitoring the situation in Venezuela closely and has found some of the acts there "deplorable," the White House said on Friday.

"Some of the acts there have been deplorable and certainly something that we're monitoring very closely," White House spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders told reporters, without providing further detail.

"In terms of specific movement or engagement that we have at this point, I can't comment any further on that right now," she said.

Concerns regarding jailed Lopez

Opposition protests have often started peacefully but degenerated into violence when security forces block marchers and masked youths fight them with stones, Molotov cocktails and fireworks shot from pipes turned into homemade mortars. Fatalities have included supporters of both sides, bystanders and members of the security forces.

Gunshot wounds have been the most common cause of deaths.

Opposition Leader Leopoldo Lopez, second from right, is shown before surrendering to national guards on Feb. 18, 2014. Lopez's wife Lilian Tintori has raised concerns after an unconfirmed report on social media said her husband was taken to a Caracas hospital earlier this week with a medical emergency. (Juan Manuel Hernandez/The Associated Press)

The opposition is boycotting Maduro's constituent assembly process, saying it is a ploy to keep him in power by setting up a body with mechanisms to ensure a government majority.

Having failed to trigger a referendum on his rule last year, the opposition is calling for delayed state gubernatorial elections to be held as soon as possible, and for the next presidential election slated for 2018 to be brought forward.

Polls show the ruling Socialists would badly lose any conventional vote due to four years of economic crisis that has led to debilitating food and medicine shortages.

While Maduro says opposition ranks include armed hoodlums, activists accuse the security forces of using excessive force including firing teargas canisters directly at people and allowing pro-government gangs to terrorize demonstrators.

Opposition leader Henrique Capriles said on Friday that 85 members of the military in Caracas had been arrested for opposition "repression," adding that their relatives had asked him to publicize the detentions.

"Cousin, it's enough!" Defense Minister Vladimir Padrino's cousin, Ernesto Padrino, wrote to him in an open letter.

He was following in the footsteps of the state human rights ombudsman's son who surprised the country by publishing a video begging his father to "end the injustice."

Leopoldo Lopez Sr., right, father of Leopoldo Lopez, and his daughter Diana Lopez, express concern for the jailed Venezuela opposition leader in Madrid, Spain on Friday. (Paul Hanna/Reuters)

"Eighty per cent of Venezuelans want elections as a way out of our nation's grave economic and political crisis," wrote Ernesto Padrino on Facebook. "Sooner or later, the Venezuelan people will make you pay."

Meanwhile, relatives and lawyers of jailed Venezuelan opposition leader Leopoldo Lopez want the Red Cross to verify his health and are seeking to bring the government of Maduro before a Spanish Court for alleged crimes of terrorism.

Spain's laws allow judges to take on cases for crimes committed outside of the country as long as the victims are Spanish, although very few have succeeded.

Lopez's father and sister also said they doubt the veracity of the video released Thursday by the leader of the ruling socialist party in Venezuela, Diosdado Cabello, in response to rumours spreading online about Lopez's health.

In the video, Lopez appears "unrecognizable," said Diana Lopez, the opposition leader's sister. "We have big doubts about this video and we don't accept it as proof of him being alive," she said.

The Lopez family's Spanish lawyers wrote to the International Committee of the Red Cross, or ICRC, asking the organization to verify, "through a direct personal contact", the whereabouts and health of Lopez.

The ICRC didn't immediately respond to emailed questions about the lawyers' request.