In line with biologist E.O. Wilson’s Half-Earth Project, 50 percent of the ecosystem and its waters are protected.

Compact city centers connected by high-speed rail knit together employment hubs and reduce urban sprawl.

The region is connected by local rail, bus lines, and high-speed trains capable of reaching 600 miles an hour.

Sustainable agriculture is developed close to city hubs to limit transport.

From regions to rooms, SOM’s designs flow from one idea: development and infrastructure complement and are shaped by ecology—letting nature regenerate and support rapidly growing urban populations.

Future cities are composed of a series of urban hubs: dense developments connected by high-speed rail. The regional ecology dictates where and how hubs grow; city centers move inland, away from rising seas.

Only local plant species are used in a gardening style known as xeriscaping, which requires little or no irrigation.

Modular interiors can be “hot swapped” for other uses in response to new economic conditions or innovations.

drones become large and powerful enough to transport people within the city.

one-third of its wetlands since 1970. Future cities preserve and restore all that remain.

most daily needs within a 10-minute walk. Varied housing types draw mixed-income communities; people of all economic

Used items—those that aren’t already biodegradable—are more easily reused or recycled in dense communities.

Future cities are fully accessible to the disabled, giving all residents unfettered access to goods and services.

Small and family-size units, as well as easy access to services and transit, welcome a range of ages in one building.

With fewer cars outside and more plants inside, air quality is improved and airborne particulates are reduced.

Shared spaces and amenities increase human interaction and allow for smaller and micro-size homes. Community-wide activities aim to foster a sense of belonging and social equality.

Water filtration, environ­mental monitoring, and native landscaping are part of the streetscape.

more light and air to reach

Solar panels incorporated into all surfaces of the building’s facade during construction capture the sun’s energy.

Buildings incorporate natural elements and are largely modular, leading to faster production with less waste. Spaces can quickly transform to meet changing housing, industrial, or business needs.

New communities and developments take advantage of advanced hydroponic technology for urban farming.

Regional high-speed rail stations become centers of business and social activities.

and pools collect and filter rainwater for reuse.

Solar panels and roof gardens are common atop buildings, encouraging sustainable energy and small-scale farming.

In a densely developed hub, sustainable land use within and outside its borders helps people thrive by providing water, food,

6.7 billion people— is projected to live in urban areas. We asked experts at the architectural and urban planning firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) how they would design a city of the future, educated by lessons of the past and anticipating challenges of the future. Their vision is articulated on five scales, from surrounding ecosystems to building interiors, and follows 10 key principles:

By 2050 the world’s population is expected to reach 9.8 billion. Nearly 70 percent of this booming population—

By 2050 the world’s population is expected to reach 9.8 billion. Nearly 70 percent of this booming population—6.7 billion people— is projected to live in urban areas. We asked experts at the architectural and urban planning firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) how they would design a city of the future, educated by lessons of the past and anticipating challenges of the future. Their vision is articulated on five scales, from surrounding ecosystems to building interiors, and follows 10 key principles:

Designing to scale: Urban hubs

Principles of City Design

In a densely developed hub, sustainable land use within and outside its borders helps people thrive by providing water, food, and recreation. High-capacity transit reduces emissions and speeds commute times.

ECOLOGY

The future city is designed around natural features and forces, protecting wildlife habitat and natural resources. Based on a unified vision for the region, the city is compact and dense to limit impacts on the ecosystem.

Rainwater cleansing In lieu of gutters, bioswales (absorbent rain gardens) and pools collect and filter rainwater for reuse.

WATER

Protecting upland water systems and rigorous collection and cleansing of stormwater improve water quality. Wetland restoration and sponge-city measures revive habitats and protect against flooding and sea-level rise.

Social transit Regional high-speed rail stations become centers of business and social activities.

ENERGY

Green roofs Solar panels and roof gardens are common atop buildings, encouraging sustainable energy and small-scale farming.

In the city of the future, energy is 100 percent renewable. Enough power is produced within or close to the city for it to be self-sufficient. Area buildings share energy resources, generating as much energy as they consume.

Urban farms and gardens New communities and developments take advantage of advanced hydroponic technology for urban farming.

WASTE

Sponge city

Waste becomes a resource to produce energy or alternative material. Landfills and abandoned industrial areas are gradually converted to other purposes after soil remediation. Wastewater is treated for irrigation or human consumption.

According to SOM’s design, all parks and infrastructure allow water to percolate through soil to recharge the water table. Such “sponge city” measures are already being tested in Shanghai.

Designing to scale: SMART BUILDINGS

FOOD

Wind turbine

Buildings incorporate natural elements and are largely modular, leading to faster production with less waste. Spaces can quickly transform to meet changing housing, industrial, or business needs.

Sustainability practices are mandated across the life cycle of a product, from food production to delivery and disposal. Global standards are established for organic farming and animal treatment; most produce is locally sourced.

Sky gardens Interspersed green spaces promote natural airflow in buildings while providing shade and social areas.

Hotel

MOBILITY

Traveling in the city of the future is more affordable, safe, and convenient because of automated technology and high-speed rail. Fewer personal automobiles are on the road and more pedestrian space is available.

Solar walls and windows Solar panels incorporated into all surfaces of the building’s facade during construction capture the sun’s energy.

Residential

CULTURE

The low glow Low-rise buildings allow more light and air to reach the ground, promoting health and well-being.

In the densely populated and diverse city of the future, historical heritage is preserved and celebrated. Recreation, arts, and entertainment can be shared globally through virtual and augmented reality.

Green streets Water filtration, environ­mental monitoring, and native landscaping are part of the streetscape.

Office

LIVABILITY

The city of the future is designed for accessibility and safety as more people populate urban areas. Residents have healthier lives with more streamlined access to nature, services, and automated technology.

Designing to scale: social interiors

Shared spaces and amenities increase human interaction and allow for smaller and micro-size homes. Community-wide activities aim to foster a sense of belonging and social equality.

INFRASTRUCTURE

Buildings are constructed more efficiently and include technology that can improve the quality of natural resources such as water, soil, and air. Infrastructure is designed for pedestrian access with limited roads for cars.

Room to breathe With fewer cars outside and more plants inside, air quality is improved and airborne particulates are reduced.

Intergenerational housing Small and family-size units, as well as easy access to services and transit, welcome a range of ages in one building.

ECONOMY

The economy of the future city must work in tandem with policies that safeguard ecological sustainability. People adapt to more flexible working hours as artificial intelligence and automation become more widespread.

Recycling and reuse Used items—those that aren’t already biodegradable—are more easily reused or recycled in dense communities.

A future city for all Future cities are fully accessible to the disabled, giving all residents unfettered access to goods and services.

Designing to scale: self-contained neighborhoods

Neighborhoods are designed to meet most daily needs within a 10-minute walk. Varied housing types draw mixed-income communities; people of all economic strata can live close to work.

Drone commuting Remotely programmed drones become large and powerful enough to transport people within the city.

Flexible buildings Modular interiors can be “hot swapped” for other uses in response to new economic conditions or innovations.

Clean energy Lighter and cheaper bladeless wind turbines on building rooftops provide supplementary energy.

Wetland restoration The world has lost one-third of its wetlands since 1970. Future cities preserve and restore all that remain.

Strategic landscaping Only local plant species are used in a gardening style known as xeriscaping, which requires little or no irrigation.

Underground farming Soil-free hydroponic farms grow produce under high-­efficiency LED lights, directly beneath homes and offices.

Designing to scale: Resilient regions

Future cities are composed of a series of urban hubs: dense developments connected by high-speed rail. The regional ecology dictates where and how hubs grow; city centers move inland, away from rising seas.

Scaled transit The region is connected by local rail, bus lines, and high-speed trains capable of reaching 600 miles an hour.

Gone local Sustainable agriculture is developed close to city hubs to limit transport.

Connected employment Compact city centers connected by high-speed rail knit together employment hubs and reduce urban sprawl.

Biomorphic Urbanism

Half wild In line with biologist E.O. Wilson’s Half-Earth Project, 50 percent of the ecosystem and its waters are protected.

From regions to rooms, SOM’s designs flow from one idea: development and infrastructure complement and are shaped by ecology—letting nature regenerate and support rapidly growing urban populations.