Spain Ebola nurse: Relatives and hospital staff monitored Published duration 7 October 2014

media caption The hospital was reported to have had extreme protective measures in place as Hugh Pym reports

Doctors in Madrid have been testing three people for Ebola after a Spanish nurse became the first person known to have contracted the deadly virus outside West Africa.

Some 52 others are being monitored, health officials say.

The nurse, identified in media reports as Teresa Romero, had treated two Spanish missionaries who died of Ebola after being repatriated.

Some 3,400 people have died in the current outbreak.

Most of the deaths have been in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned of the dire consequences for the economies in the region if the virus continues to spread.

Meanwhile the chairman of the World Health Organisation's Ebola science group says he is not surprised that the Spanish nurse contracted the disease.

Speaking in Geneva, Prof Peter Piot said he expected more cases among medical staff, even in developed countries, and that the slightest mistake during the care of Ebola patients could be fatal.

Cleared

Reports said one of three people hospitalised in Madrid after the nurse's diagnosis tested negative for the virus on Tuesday.

A female health worker, who also treated one of the Spanish priests, has been cleared in two separate tests, health sources say.

The husband of the afflicted nurse and a Spanish man who travelled to Spain from Nigeria remain in quarantine.

The European Commission has asked Spain to explain how Ms Romero, a 40-year-old auxiliary nurse, could have become infected. A hospital investigation is under way.

She was one of about 30 staff at the Carlos III hospital in Madrid who had been treating priests Manuel Garcia Viejo and Miguel Pajares, officials say.

image copyright AFP image caption Manuel Garcia Viejo was the second Spanish priest to be repatriated from Africa with Ebola

image copyright Getty Images image caption A woman wears protective mask as she leaves Alcorcon hospital

Mr Garcia Viejo, 69, died at the hospital on 25 September after catching Ebola in Sierra Leone. Mr Pajares, 75, died in August after contracting the virus in Liberia.

Ms Romero had twice gone into the room where Mr Garcia Viejo had been treated, to be directly involved in his care and to disinfect the room after his death.

Madrid healthcare director Antonia Alemany said: "The nurse went into the room wearing the individual protection gear and there's no knowledge of an accidental exposure to risk."

Shortly afterwards she went on holiday but fell ill on 30 September and was admitted to Alcorcon hospital in south-west Madrid.

It was not clear where she went on holiday.

media caption Prof Ildefonso Hernandez-Aguado, Spanish Association of Public Health: Ebola case down to 'procedure problem'

Early on Tuesday Ms Romero was moved under police escort to Carlos III hospital in the capital and is said to be in a stable condition.

The Spanish health authorities say she is being treated with a drip using antibodies from previous Ebola patients.

Doctors are monitoring 22 people including relatives and staff who had contact with the nurse at Alcorcon hospital, as well as 30 people working at Carlos III hospital.

All have been contacted by the health authorities.

Ebola virus disease (EVD)

Symptoms include high fever, bleeding and central nervous system damage

Spread by body fluids, such as blood and saliva

Fatality rate can reach 90% - but current outbreak has mortality rate of about 70%

Incubation period is two to 21 days

There is no proven vaccine or cure

Supportive care such as rehydrating patients who have diarrhoea and vomiting can help recovery

Fruit bats, a delicacy for some West Africans, are considered to be virus's natural host

The Carlos III hospital was reported to have had extreme protective measures in place including two sets of overalls, gloves and goggles.

However, health workers told El Pais newspaper that the clothing did not have level-four biological security, which is fully waterproof and with independent breathing apparatus.

Instead it was level two, the paper says, as photographs provided by staff indicated that the overalls did not allow for ventilation and the gloves were made of latex and bound with adhesive tape.

Health staff in Madrid protested over alleged safety failures on Tuesday.

image copyright Reuters image caption Staff staged a protest outside La Paz Hospital in Madrid over the government's handling of the Ebola cases

Containing Ebola: BBC health correspondent Michelle Roberts

Patients should be isolated - ideally in a hospital with the highest level of bio-safety.

Such a facility would use a specially designed tent with controlled ventilation to house the patient's bed - this allows staff to provide clinical care while containing the infection.

Staff treating the patient must wear protective suits, gloves, masks and goggles. This equipment should be completely impermeable since Ebola is spread in bodily fluids such as sweat, urine and blood

Any clinical waste such as syringes, paper towels or clothing from the patient should be incinerated. A dedicated laboratory should be used to carry out any necessary tests.

IMF official Rupa Duttagupta said on Tuesday that a generally positive outlook for growth in sub-Saharan Africa was overshadowed by what she described as "the heavy economic toll" on countries worst affected by Ebola.

In other developments:

British health authorities have said there are no plans to introduce Ebola screening for travellers arriving in the UK

A container of aid materials for the fight against Ebola is at the centre of a political row in Sierra Leone

A Norwegian medic who tested positive for Ebola while working with Medecins Sans Frontieres in Sierra Leone has been flown back to Oslo

Shares in airlines including Easyjet and British Airways owner IAG have fallen sharply following the news of the Ebola case in Madrid

Ebola spreads through contact with bodily fluids and the only way to stop an outbreak is to isolate those who are infected.

There have been nearly 7,500 confirmed infections worldwide, with officials saying the figure is likely to be much higher in reality.

Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia have been hardest hit.

Thomas Duncan, the first person to be diagnosed with Ebola in the US, is being treated at a Dallas hospital. He caught the virus in his native Liberia. Doctors say he is in a critical but stable condition.

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