On March 10, the United States and a number of other nations will move their clocks forward one hour, as Daylight Saving Time begins. The spring time change can lead to (at minimum) fatigue and sluggishness due to losing an hour of sleep. But, how much money does it cost us? SleepBetter.org investigated, and created the Lost-Hour Economic Index. Using the table below, you can find out how much it costs in each of the top 360 metropolitan areas in the United States. Use the search feature to find out how much it costs in your area.

Note: Methodology for this index can be found below. Markets in Hawaii and a portion of Arizona are excluded, as they do not participate in Daylight Saving Time.

MSA Total Cost of

Lost Hour Population

in 2010 Index Rank Per Capita

Cost % Difference

From Nat'l Avg. MSA Rank National $433,982,548.00 260,392,304 $1.65449 Morgantown, WV $445,685.00 129,709 1 $3.37947 104.26% 293 Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH $930,759.00 287,702 2 $3.18188 92.32% 162 Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH $519,472.00 162,056 3 $3.15273 90.56% 245 Charleston, WV $973,594.00 304,284 4 $3.14694 90.21% 156 Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA $925,487.00 309,544 5 $2.94061 77.74% 151 Lakeland, FL $1,582,213.00 602,095 6 $2.58458 56.22% 87 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL $7,283,123.00 2,783,243 7 $2.57369 55.56% 18 Ocala, FL $863,182.00 331,298 8 $2.56256 54.89% 147 North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota, FL $1,822,027.00 702,281 9 $2.55172 54.23% 73 Punta Gorda, FL $404,984.00 159,978 10 $2.48982 50.49% 247 Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA $1,412,054.00 563,631 11 $2.46403 48.93% 90 Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC $662,576.00 269,291 12 $2.41994 46.27% 168 Pittsburgh, PA $5,794,723.00 2,356,285 13 $2.41877 46.19% 22 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL $1,336,302.00 543,376 14 $2.41877 46.19% 96 Evansville, IN-KY $873,111.00 358,676 15 $2.39418 44.71% 142 Tulsa, OK $2,277,053.00 937,478 16 $2.38892 44.39% 54 Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL $334,825.00 138,028 17 $2.38584 44.20% 283 Bloomington, IN $464,931.00 192,714 18 $2.37282 43.42% 218 Chattanooga, TN-GA $1,268,241.00 528,143 19 $2.36178 42.75% 98 Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL $1,187,424.00 494,593 20 $2.36128 42.72% 103 Bangor, ME $368,824.00 153,923 21 $2.35671 42.44% 259 Alexandria, LA $367,169.00 153,922 22 $2.34615 41.81% 257 Palm Coast, FL $227,338.00 95,696 23 $2.33651 41.22% 347 Muncie, IN $279,430.00 117,671 24 $2.33557 41.17% 317 Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL $428,270.00 180,822 25 $2.32946 40.80% 224 Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL $1,455,015.00 618,754 26 $2.31281 39.79% 84 Mobile, AL $967,710.00 412,992 27 $2.30459 39.29% 126 Jacksonville, FL $3,146,585.00 1,345,596 28 $2.29993 39.01% 40 Toledo, OH $1,523,209.00 651,429 29 $2.29976 39.00% 82 Lafayette, IN $471,375.00 201,789 30 $2.29752 38.87% 210 Canton-Massillon, OH $943,763.00 404,422 31 $2.29519 38.72% 128 Johnson City, TN $461,978.00 198,716 32 $2.28654 38.20% 214 Dayton, OH $1,952,542.00 841,502 33 $2.28210 37.93% 62 Knoxville, TN $1,617,373.00 698,030 34 $2.27890 37.74% 74 Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL $1,037,154.00 448,991 35 $2.27193 37.32% 110 Terre Haute, IN $394,960.00 172,425 36 $2.25291 36.17% 233 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL $12,725,469.00 5,564,635 37 $2.24919 35.95% 8 Port St. Lucie-Fort Pierce, FL $969,275.00 424,107 38 $2.24782 35.86% 117 State College, PA $351,910.00 153,990 39 $2.24765 35.85% 256 Asheville, NC $969,459.00 424,858 40 $2.24427 35.65% 116 Lewiston-Auburn, ME $243,661.00 107,702 41 $2.22512 34.49% 334 Lexington-Fayette, KY $1,066,009.00 472,099 42 $2.22084 34.23% 106 Jackson, TN $260,264.00 115,425 43 $2.21771 34.04% 321 Michigan City-La Porte, IN $251,036.00 111,467 44 $2.21503 33.88% 329 Cheyenne, WY $206,604.00 91,738 45 $2.21503 33.88% 354 Naples-Marco Island, FL $723,778.00 321,520 46 $2.21405 33.82% 149 Bowling Green, KY $282,675.00 125,953 47 $2.20733 33.42% 302 Kokomo, IN $221,462.00 98,688 48 $2.20711 33.40% 345 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI $715,354.00 319,224 49 $2.20402 33.21% 150 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC $818,612.00 365,497 50 $2.20285 33.14% 141 Anderson, IN $294,790.00 131,636 51 $2.20256 33.13% 295 Atlantic City, NJ $612,213.00 274,549 52 $2.19317 32.56% 169 Columbus, IN $170,968.00 76,794 53 $2.18967 32.35% 362 Johnstown, PA $318,637.00 143,679 54 $2.18119 31.83% 275 Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA $1,215,731.00 549,475 55 $2.17610 31.53% 94 Lawton, OK $274,358.00 124,098 56 $2.17442 31.43% 307 Louisville, KY-IN $2,826,250.00 1,283,566 57 $2.16562 30.89% 42 Morristown, TN $300,143.00 136,608 58 $2.16094 30.61% 286 Wheeling, WV-OH $323,960.00 147,950 59 $2.15361 30.17% 268 Wichita Falls, TX $331,130.00 151,306 60 $2.15244 30.10% 266 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA $1,236,309.00 565,773 61 $2.14919 29.90% 91 Owensboro, KY $249,981.00 114,752 62 $2.14258 29.50% 322 Shreveport-Bossier City, LA $868,062.00 398,604 63 $2.14190 29.46% 129 Gainesville, FL $574,037.00 264,275 64 $2.13636 29.13% 173 Altoona, PA $275,914.00 127,089 65 $2.13528 29.06% 305 Williamsport, PA $251,895.00 116,111 66 $2.13372 28.97% 319 Panama City-Lynn Haven, FL $364,847.00 168,852 67 $2.12517 28.45% 236 Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI $9,268,747.00 4,296,250 68 $2.12188 28.25% 13 Birmingham, AL $2,431,810.00 1,128,047 69 $2.12028 28.15% 50 Elizabethtown, KY $257,362.00 119,736 70 $2.11403 27.78% 313 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY $2,440,468.00 1,135,509 71 $2.11384 27.76% 49 Ocean City, NJ $207,878.00 97,265 72 $2.10205 27.05% 351 Fort Wayne, IN $888,743.00 416,257 73 $2.09993 26.92% 122 Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV $265,544.00 124,454 74 $2.09854 26.84% 311 Huntsville, AL $890,913.00 417,593 75 $2.09832 26.83% 119 Erie, PA $598,252.00 280,566 76 $2.09720 26.76% 164 Montgomery, AL $798,346.00 374,536 77 $2.09646 26.71% 136 Gulfport-Biloxi, MS $528,298.00 248,820 78 $2.08825 26.22% 185 Carson City, NV $116,608.00 55,274 79 $2.07490 25.41% 366 Anniston, AL $250,003.00 118,572 80 $2.07373 25.34% 316 Mansfield, OH $261,914.00 124,475 81 $2.06951 25.08% 310 Sandusky, OH $161,894.00 77,079 82 $2.06578 24.86% 363 Elkhart-Goshen, IN $414,780.00 197,559 83 $2.06496 24.81% 216 Florence, AL $308,807.00 147,137 84 $2.06422 24.76% 206 Auburn-Opelika, AL $293,975.00 140,247 85 $2.06161 24.61% 276 Lafayette, LA $573,540.00 273,738 86 $2.06072 24.55% 167 Lima, OH $221,940.00 106,331 87 $2.05289 24.08% 336 Clarksville, TN-KY $571,732.00 273,949 88 $2.05264 24.07% 166 Lebanon, PA $278,565.00 133,568 89 $2.05123 23.98% 292 Reading, PA $857,038.00 411,442 90 $2.04871 23.83% 125 Gadsden, AL $217,236.00 104,430 91 $2.04596 23.66% 338 York-Hanover, PA $904,776.00 434,972 92 $2.04583 23.65% 113 Barnstable Town, MA $447,310.00 215,888 93 $2.03784 23.17% 198 Ann Arbor, MI $713,184.00 344,791 94 $2.03440 22.96% 146 Springfield, OH $285,322.00 138,333 95 $2.02862 22.61% 285 Wilmington, NC $747,299.00 362,315 96 $2.02861 22.61% 139 Dothan, AL $299,824.00 145,639 97 $2.02478 22.38% 270 Monroe, LA $362,816.00 176,441 98 $2.02244 22.24% 229 Hattiesburg, MS $293,083.00 142,842 99 $2.01802 21.97% 272 Lancaster, PA $1,064,016.00 519,445 100 $2.01465 21.77% 99 Decatur, AL $313,503.00 153,829 101 $2.00444 21.15% 258 Oklahoma City, OK $2,550,073.00 1,252,987 102 $2.00169 20.99% 43 Pascagoula, MS $330,101.00 162,246 103 $2.00107 20.95% 242 Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV $546,398.00 269,140 104 $1.99674 20.69% 172 Casper, WY $153,138.00 75,450 105 $1.99624 20.66% 364 Greenville, SC $1,289,377.00 636,986 106 $1.99086 20.33% 83 Greensboro-High Point, NC $1,464,797.00 723,801 107 $1.99044 20.31% 71 New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA $2,360,696.00 1,167,764 108 $1.98827 20.17% 46 Las Vegas-Paradise, NV $3,941,238.00 1,951,269 109 $1.98658 20.07% 30 Indianapolis, IN $3,537,009.00 1,756,241 110 $1.98081 19.72% 35 Missoula, MT $219,657.00 109,299 111 $1.97660 19.47% 332 Ithaca, NY $203,399.00 101,564 112 $1.96970 19.05% 342 Dover, DE $324,756.00 162,310 113 $1.96789 18.94% 241 Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH $4,151,800.00 2,077,240 114 $1.96580 18.82% 28 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ $1,614,902.00 821,173 115 $1.93420 16.91% 64 Prescott, AZ $414,603.00 211,033 116 $1.93229 16.79% 203 Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA $3,141,889.00 1,600,852 117 $1.93032 16.67% 38 Worcester, MA $1,565,876.00 798,552 118 $1.92861 16.57% 67 Portland-South Portland-Biddeford, ME $1,005,605.00 514,098 119 $1.92385 16.28% 101 Billings, MT $308,857.00 158,050 120 $1.92200 16.17% 249 Springfield, MA $1,353,410.00 692,942 121 $1.92098 16.11% 77 Ames, IA $174,611.00 89,542 122 $1.91794 15.92% 356 Fayetteville, NC $713,043.00 366,383 123 $1.91413 15.69% 137 Fort Smith, AR-OK $580,963.00 298,592 124 $1.91364 15.66% 158 Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux, LA $403,825.00 208,178 125 $1.90787 15.31% 205 Rapid City, SD $245,126.00 126,382 126 $1.90763 15.30% 300 Lewiston, ID-WA $118,048.00 60,888 127 $1.90686 15.25% 365 Lake Charles, LA $386,936.00 199,607 128 $1.90657 15.24% 213 Akron, OH $1,359,432.00 703,200 129 $1.90138 14.92% 75 Baton Rouge, LA $1,550,929.00 802,484 130 $1.90084 14.89% 66 Jackson, MS $1,040,664.00 539,057 131 $1.89874 14.76% 95 Cleveland, TN $223,348.00 115,788 132 $1.89718 14.67% 318 Iowa City, IA $293,659.00 152,586 133 $1.89286 14.41% 255 Richmond, VA $2,419,992.00 1,258,251 134 $1.89163 14.33% 44 Baltimore-Towson, MD $5,209,507.00 2,710,489 135 $1.89034 14.26% 20 Blacksburg, VA $312,735.00 162,958 136 $1.88752 14.08% 244 Orlando, FL $4,092,620.00 2,134,411 137 $1.88588 13.99% 26 Great Falls, MT $155,815.00 81,327 138 $1.88437 13.89% 359 Charlottesville, VA $384,484.00 201,559 139 $1.87614 13.40% 208 Farmington, NM $247,716.00 130,044 140 $1.87350 13.24% 301 Winston-Salem, NC $909,101.00 477,717 141 $1.87168 13.13% 105 Greenville, NC $359,766.00 189,510 142 $1.86714 12.85% 220 Pittsfield, MA $248,995.00 131,219 143 $1.86631 12.80% 296 Sioux City, IA-NE-SD $271,947.00 143,577 144 $1.86290 12.60% 273 Reno-Sparks, NV $805,515.00 425,417 145 $1.86230 12.56% 115 Columbia, MO $327,147.00 172,786 146 $1.86219 12.55% 232 Saginaw-Saginaw Township North, MI $378,070.00 200,169 147 $1.85766 12.28% 215 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL $716,738.00 379,690 148 $1.85661 12.22% 134 Kalamazoo-Portage, MI $614,919.00 326,589 149 $1.85185 11.93% 148 St. Louis, MO-IL $5,295,893.00 2,812,896 150 $1.85172 11.92% 19 Jackson, MI $300,340.00 160,248 151 $1.84336 11.42% 251 Columbus, OH $3,441,849.00 1,836,536 152 $1.84324 11.41% 32 Coeur d'Alene, ID $259,303.00 138,494 153 $1.84148 11.30% 280 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN $3,984,972.00 2,130,151 154 $1.83994 11.21% 27 Battle Creek, MI $254,031.00 136,146 155 $1.83515 10.92% 288 Bay City, MI $201,047.00 107,771 156 $1.83479 10.90% 335 Niles-Benton Harbor, MI $292,506.00 156,813 157 $1.83460 10.89% 254 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY $1,621,964.00 870,716 158 $1.83212 10.74% 59 Amarillo, TX $462,864.00 249,881 159 $1.82184 10.11% 184 Roanoke, VA $570,732.00 308,707 160 $1.81834 9.90% 153 Harrisonburg, VA $230,573.00 125,228 161 $1.81091 9.45% 306 Burlington, NC $277,822.00 151,131 162 $1.80802 9.28% 261 Trenton-Ewing, NJ $673,675.00 366,513 163 $1.80780 9.27% 140 Jefferson City, MO $275,316.00 149,807 164 $1.80754 9.25% 265 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA $307,311.00 167,819 165 $1.80106 8.86% 237 Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ $287,125.00 156,898 166 $1.79988 8.79% 253 Hot Springs, AR $175,556.00 96,024 167 $1.79815 8.68% 349 Cumberland, MD-WV $188,630.00 103,299 168 $1.79599 8.55% 339 Binghamton, NY $458,868.00 251,725 169 $1.79288 8.36% 186 Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC $1,015,110.00 556,877 170 $1.79285 8.36% 92 Dubuque, IA $170,614.00 93,653 171 $1.79177 8.30% 353 Rocky Mount, NC $277,596.00 152,392 172 $1.79160 8.29% 263 Flint, MI $775,183.00 425,790 173 $1.79060 8.23% 120 Springfield, IL $382,338.00 210,170 174 $1.78923 8.14% 204 Lynchburg, VA $459,487.00 252,634 175 $1.78884 8.12% 183 Glens Falls, NY $234,236.00 128,923 176 $1.78696 8.01% 299 Utica-Rome, NY $543,419.00 299,397 177 $1.78516 7.90% 160 Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro, TN $2,880,135.00 1,589,934 178 $1.78166 7.69% 37 Muskegon-Norton Shores, MI $311,558.00 172,188 179 $1.77962 7.56% 234 Danville, VA $192,681.00 106,561 180 $1.77840 7.49% 337 Goldsboro, NC $221,405.00 122,623 181 $1.77585 7.34% 309 Florence, SC $370,844.00 205,566 182 $1.77431 7.24% 267 Kingston, NY $329,107.00 182,493 183 $1.77370 7.21% 226 Monroe, MI $273,894.00 152,021 184 $1.77202 7.10% 264 Lansing-East Lansing, MI $833,169.00 464,036 185 $1.76592 6.74% 109 Holland-Grand Haven, MI $473,601.00 263,801 186 $1.76574 6.72% 174 Pine Bluff, AR $179,721.00 100,258 187 $1.76307 6.56% 344 Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR $243,750.00 136,027 188 $1.76242 6.52% 287 Springfield, MO $782,413.00 436,712 189 $1.76210 6.50% 112 Salisbury, MD $224,297.00 125,203 190 $1.76197 6.50% 308 Spartanburg, SC $509,124.00 284,307 191 $1.76127 6.45% 163 College Station-Bryan, TX $408,296.00 228,660 192 $1.75620 6.15% 193 St. Joseph, MO-KS $227,058.00 127,329 193 $1.75388 6.01% 303 Syracuse, NY $1,180,655.00 662,577 194 $1.75257 5.93% 80 Rochester, NY $1,877,514.00 1,054,323 195 $1.75146 5.86% 51 Elmira, NY $157,948.00 88,830 196 $1.74881 5.70% 357 Memphis, TN-MS-AR $2,337,491.00 1,316,100 197 $1.74683 5.58% 41 Winchester, VA-WV $227,756.00 128,472 198 $1.74361 5.39% 298 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD $10,561,043.00 5,965,343 199 $1.74125 5.24% 6 Anderson, SC $331,261.00 187,126 200 $1.74111 5.24% 222 Jacksonville, NC $314,639.00 177,772 201 $1.74076 5.21% 227 Jonesboro, AR $213,245.00 121,026 202 $1.73297 4.74% 312 Sumter, SC $188,886.00 107,456 203 $1.72886 4.49% 333 Bloomington-Normal, IL $297,450.00 169,572 204 $1.72524 4.28% 235 Bismarck, ND $190,424.00 108,779 205 $1.72174 4.06% 330 Champaign-Urbana, IL $404,833.00 231,891 206 $1.71704 3.78% 192 Bremerton-Silverdale, WA $438,118.00 251,133 207 $1.71584 3.71% 182 Lawrence, KS $192,383.00 110,826 208 $1.70732 3.19% 328 San Antonio, TX $3,716,198.00 2,142,508 209 $1.70595 3.11% 24 Des Moines, IA $986,927.00 569,633 210 $1.70404 3.00% 88 Spokane, WA $815,061.00 471,221 211 $1.70120 2.82% 108 Tyler, TX $362,634.00 209,714 212 $1.70071 2.79% 200 Athens-Clarke County, GA $332,237.00 192,541 213 $1.69713 2.58% 219 Wichita, KS $1,073,694.00 623,061 214 $1.69488 2.44% 86 Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY $1,154,051.00 670,301 215 $1.69334 2.35% 79 Joplin, MO $301,371.00 175,518 216 $1.68877 2.07% 231 Abilene, TX $282,987.00 165,252 217 $1.68426 1.80% 240 Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH $7,793,647.00 4,552,402 218 $1.68380 1.77% 10 San Angelo, TX $191,352.00 111,823 219 $1.68303 1.73% 325 Topeka, KS $400,150.00 233,870 220 $1.68282 1.71% 189 Pocatello, ID $155,071.00 90,656 221 $1.68238 1.69% 355 Madison, WI $971,417.00 568,593 222 $1.68033 1.56% 89 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC $2,848,285.00 1,671,683 223 $1.67579 1.29% 36 Lubbock, TX $483,463.00 284,890 224 $1.66908 0.88% 161 Tuscaloosa, AL $371,157.00 219,461 225 $1.66337 0.54% 195 Sherman-Denison, TX $203,597.00 120,877 226 $1.65660 0.13% 314 La Crosse, WI-MN $224,725.00 133,665 227 $1.65357 -0.06% 290 Grand Forks, ND-MN $165,417.00 98,461 228 $1.65236 -0.13% 346 Waco, TX $394,549.00 234,906 229 $1.65195 -0.15% 188 Longview, TX $359,095.00 214,369 230 $1.64754 -0.42% 197 Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX $650,601.00 388,745 231 $1.64604 -0.51% 132 Cape Girardeau-Jackson, MO-IL $160,928.00 96,275 232 $1.64403 -0.63% 350 Kansas City, MO-KS $3,396,584.00 2,035,334 233 $1.64133 -0.80% 29 Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO $772,340.00 463,204 234 $1.63993 -0.88% 107 Peoria, IL $631,004.00 379,186 235 $1.63670 -1.07% 135 Corpus Christi, TX $710,406.00 428,185 236 $1.63179 -1.37% 114 Sioux Falls, SD $378,499.00 228,261 237 $1.63088 -1.43% 191 Decatur, IL $183,380.00 110,768 238 $1.62828 -1.58% 331 Manchester-Nashua, NH $663,068.00 400,721 239 $1.62744 -1.63% 130 Boise City-Nampa, ID $1,017,199.00 616,561 240 $1.62263 -1.93% 85 Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI $15,568,610.00 9,461,105 241 $1.61844 -2.18% 3 Eau Claire, WI $265,021.00 161,151 242 $1.61748 -2.24% 243 Oshkosh-Neenah, WI $274,532.00 166,994 243 $1.61690 -2.27% 238 Savannah, GA $570,207.00 347,611 244 $1.61335 -2.49% 143 Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR $1,147,493.00 699,757 245 $1.61285 -2.52% 72 Rome, GA $157,878.00 96,317 246 $1.61216 -2.56% 352 Burlington-South Burlington, VT $346,073.00 211,261 247 $1.61116 -2.62% 201 Warner Robins, GA $229,125.00 139,900 248 $1.61081 -2.64% 274 Victoria, TX $188,788.00 115,384 249 $1.60923 -2.74% 320 Macon, GA $378,813.00 232,293 250 $1.60391 -3.06% 190 Columbus, GA-AL $480,773.00 294,865 251 $1.60364 -3.07% 157 Midland, TX $221,613.00 136,872 252 $1.59247 -3.75% 281 Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC $2,845,880.00 1,758,038 253 $1.59213 -3.77% 33 Valdosta, GA $225,264.00 139,588 254 $1.58721 -4.07% 278 Kankakee-Bradley, IL $182,897.00 113,449 255 $1.58561 -4.16% 324 Brunswick, GA $181,130.00 112,370 256 $1.58537 -4.18% 326 Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI $2,506,228.00 1,555,908 257 $1.58426 -4.24% 39 Danville, IL $131,406.00 81,625 258 $1.58337 -4.30% 360 Albany, GA $253,037.00 157,308 259 $1.58206 -4.38% 252 Logan, UT-ID $201,329.00 125,442 260 $1.57853 -4.59% 304 New Haven-Milford, CT $1,384,050.00 862,477 261 $1.57832 -4.60% 60 Killeen-Temple-Fort Hood, TX $649,274.00 405,300 262 $1.57558 -4.77% 127 Green Bay, WI $490,506.00 306,241 263 $1.57533 -4.78% 152 Rockford, IL $559,542.00 349,431 264 $1.57493 -4.81% 145 Fond du Lac, WI $161,165.00 101,633 265 $1.55964 -5.73% 341 Manhattan, KS $201,274.00 127,081 266 $1.55775 -5.85% 297 Cedar Rapids, IA $408,023.00 257,940 267 $1.55581 -5.96% 177 Odessa, TX $216,475.00 137,130 268 $1.55262 -6.16% 282 Albuquerque, NM $1,399,881.00 887,077 269 $1.55210 -6.19% 57 Wenatchee, WA $174,873.00 110,884 270 $1.55112 -6.25% 327 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,NY-NJ-PA $29,682,674.00 18,897,109 271 $1.54489 -6.62% 1 Sheboygan, WI $181,234.00 115,507 272 $1.54320 -6.73% 323 Norwich-New London, CT $429,665.00 274,055 273 $1.54199 -6.80% 170 Wausau, WI $210,056.00 134,063 274 $1.54105 -6.86% 291 Gainesville, GA $280,222.00 179,684 275 $1.53385 -7.29% 225 Appleton, WI $350,752.00 225,666 276 $1.52871 -7.60% 194 Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT $1,877,815.00 1,212,381 277 $1.52336 -7.93% 45 Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA $1,333,208.00 865,350 278 $1.51529 -8.41% 58 Racine, WI $301,037.00 195,408 279 $1.51519 -8.42% 217 Janesville, WI $246,458.00 160,331 280 $1.51187 -8.62% 250 Las Cruces, NM $321,250.00 209,233 281 $1.51009 -8.73% 199 Mankato-North Mankato, MN $147,728.00 96,740 282 $1.50192 -9.22% 348 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI $1,178,645.00 774,160 283 $1.49741 -9.49% 69 McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr, TX $1,179,244.00 774,769 284 $1.49700 -9.52% 68 Duluth, MN-WI $425,512.00 279,771 285 $1.49589 -9.59% 165 Yakima, WA $369,819.00 243,231 286 $1.49541 -9.61% 187 Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA $177,569.00 116,901 287 $1.49396 -9.70% 315 Dalton, GA $215,804.00 142,227 288 $1.49234 -9.80% 277 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA $19,390,317.00 12,828,837 289 $1.48658 -10.15% 2 Brownsville-Harlingen, TX $612,204.00 406,220 290 $1.48226 -10.41% 124 Fairbanks, AK $147,010.00 97,581 291 $1.48174 -10.44% 343 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA $6,352,361.00 4,224,851 292 $1.47881 -10.62% 12 Longview, WA $153,768.00 102,410 293 $1.47677 -10.74% 340 Bellingham, WA $301,501.00 201,140 294 $1.47428 -10.89% 209 Rochester, MN $278,633.00 186,011 295 $1.47328 -10.95% 223 Columbia, SC $1,148,180.00 767,598 296 $1.47118 -11.08% 70 El Paso, TX $1,192,338.00 800,647 297 $1.46470 -11.47% 65 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI $4,842,583.00 3,279,833 298 $1.45216 -12.23% 16 Hinesville-Fort Stewart, GA $114,891.00 77,917 299 $1.45025 -12.34% 361 Raleigh-Cary, NC $1,663,591.00 1,130,490 300 $1.44734 -12.52% 47 St. Cloud, MN $277,151.00 189,093 301 $1.44155 -12.87% 221 Laredo, TX $366,846.00 250,304 302 $1.44147 -12.88% 181 San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA $393,949.00 269,637 303 $1.43698 -13.15% 171 Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA $3,125,517.00 2,149,127 304 $1.43037 -13.55% 25 Hanford-Corcoran, CA $221,963.00 152,982 305 $1.42702 -13.75% 260 Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, TX $8,591,542.00 5,946,800 306 $1.42095 -14.12% 5 Lincoln, NE $435,900.00 302,157 307 $1.41888 -14.24% 154 Charleston-North Charleston, SC $958,180.00 664,607 308 $1.41799 -14.29% 78 Olympia, WA $361,151.00 252,264 309 $1.40807 -14.89% 180 Corvallis, OR $122,493.00 85,579 310 $1.40778 -14.91% 358 Fargo, ND-MN $298,526.00 208,777 311 $1.40634 -15.00% 202 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA $7,462,139.00 5,268,860 312 $1.39295 -15.81% 9 Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA $371,038.00 262,382 313 $1.39083 -15.94% 175 Chico, CA $310,836.00 220,000 314 $1.38963 -16.01% 196 Eugene-Springfield, OR $496,260.00 351,715 315 $1.38774 -16.12% 144 Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Goleta, CA $595,677.00 423,895 316 $1.38211 -16.46% 118 Redding, CA $249,004.00 177,223 317 $1.38190 -16.48% 228 Napa, CA $191,518.00 136,484 318 $1.38012 -16.58% 284 Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA $677,960.00 483,878 319 $1.37803 -16.71% 104 Colorado Springs, CO $897,143.00 645,613 320 $1.36672 -17.39% 81 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA $4,279,163.00 3,095,313 321 $1.35970 -17.82% 17 Idaho Falls, ID $177,313.00 130,374 322 $1.33764 -19.15% 294 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA $5,859,991.00 4,335,391 323 $1.32941 -19.65% 11 Ogden-Clearfield, UT $737,490.00 547,184 324 $1.32560 -19.88% 93 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA $2,472,499.00 1,836,911 325 $1.32385 -19.98% 31 Vallejo-Fairfield, CA $554,586.00 413,344 326 $1.31961 -20.24% 123 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA $1,102,236.00 823,318 327 $1.31673 -20.41% 63 Denver-Aurora, CO $3,395,406.00 2,543,482 328 $1.31296 -20.64% 21 Medford, OR $268,465.00 203,206 329 $1.29939 -21.46% 207 Durham, NC $666,098.00 504,357 330 $1.29894 -21.49% 102 Salinas, CA $544,618.00 415,057 331 $1.29055 -22.00% 121 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX $8,355,402.00 6,371,773 332 $1.28972 -22.05% 4 Anchorage, AK $499,298.00 380,821 333 $1.28952 -22.06% 133 Austin-Round Rock, TX $2,235,782.00 1,716,289 334 $1.28124 -22.56% 34 Bend, OR $205,348.00 157,733 335 $1.28044 -22.61% 248 Kennewick-Richland-Pasco, WA $325,878.00 253,340 336 $1.26515 -23.53% 176 Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA $2,855,767.00 2,226,009 337 $1.26179 -23.74% 23 Salem, OR $500,670.00 390,738 338 $1.26025 -23.83% 131 Madera, CA $191,973.00 150,865 339 $1.25153 -24.36% 262 Boulder, CO $374,413.00 294,567 340 $1.25013 -24.44% 159 Modesto, CA $653,370.00 514,453 341 $1.24912 -24.50% 100 Grand Junction, CO $186,143.00 146,723 342 $1.24778 -24.58% 269 Fresno, CA $1,179,885.00 930,450 343 $1.24720 -24.62% 55 Pueblo, CO $200,950.00 159,063 344 $1.24254 -24.90% 246 El Centro, CA $220,389.00 174,528 345 $1.24198 -24.93% 230 Yuba City, CA $210,683.00 166,892 346 $1.24160 -24.96% 239 Stockton, CA $862,343.00 685,306 347 $1.23761 -25.20% 76 Bakersfield, CA $1,051,318.00 839,631 348 $1.23150 -25.57% 61 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV $6,970,911.00 5,582,170 349 $1.22822 -25.76% 7 Salt Lake City, UT $1,401,163.00 1,124,197 350 $1.22585 -25.91% 48 Greeley, CO $314,296.00 252,825 351 $1.22267 -26.10% 179 Tallahassee, FL $453,660.00 367,413 352 $1.21441 -26.60% 138 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA $4,226,240.00 3,439,809 353 $1.20840 -26.96% 15 Merced, CA $308,988.00 255,793 354 $1.18807 -28.19% 178 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT $1,105,338.00 916,829 355 $1.18576 -28.33% 56 Visalia-Porterville, CA $531,838.00 442,179 356 $1.18296 -28.50% 111 St. George, UT $165,901.00 138,115 357 $1.18140 -28.59% 279 Santa Fe, NM $164,210.00 144,170 358 $1.12025 -32.29% 271 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO $340,812.00 299,630 359 $1.11871 -32.38% 155 Provo-Orem, UT $517,472.00 526,810 360 $0.96610 -41.61% 97

Index Methodology

These are the findings of Chmura Economics & Analytics in a study entitled “Estimating the Economic Loss of Daylight Saving Time for U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas” commissioned by the Carpenter Co. The study focused on only the aspects of economic losses where solid evidence from peer-reviewed academic journals could be obtained, showing how the DST change can lead to an increase in heart attacks, workplace injuries in the mining and construction sectors, and increased cyberloafing that reduces productivity for people who typically work in offices. A reasonable economic cost was then developed from the economic costs of heart attacks, workplace accidents and cyberloafing and applied to the more than 300 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) in the U.S.