Cristina Kirchner has been re-elected as Argentina's president by the widest margin in her country's electoral history Reuters

The Argentinian president, Cristina Kirchner, has been re-elected with one of the widest victory margins in the country's history, a triumph that vindicated her message that she is best able to keep spreading the wealth of an economic boom.

Kirchner had nearly 54% of the votes cast in Sunday's election after almost 97% of polling stations had reported. Her nearest challenger got just under 17%.

"We need everyone to comprehend … that because of the popular will and this political decision, you can count on me to continue deepening this national project for the 40 million Argentines," she vowed in her victory speech before thousands of supporters on Sunday night.

The goal of this "project" is to profoundly change society by using Argentina's resources to raise incomes, create jobs, restore the country's industrial capacity, reduce poverty and maintain an economic boom that has seen the country grow and reduce poverty.

Since she and her predecessor as president, her husband Néstor Kirchner, first moved into Argentina's presidential palace in 2003, the income gap between the country's rich and poor has been reduced by nearly half. Meanwhile, according to the International Monetary Fund's numbers for 2002-2011, Argentina's real GDP has grown 94%, the fastest in the western hemisphere and about twice the rate of Brazil, which has also grown substantially, the economist Mark Weisbrot said.

The US president, Barack Obama, "could take a lesson from this", said Weisbrot, co-director of the Centre for Economic and Policy Research in Washington. "It's an old-fashioned message of democracy: you deliver what you promise and people vote for you. It's kind of forgotten here in the US."

Kirchner noted that she is Latin America's first woman to be re-elected as president, but described the victory as bittersweet, since Kirchner, who died of a heart attack almost a year ago, wasn't there to share it.

"This man who transformed Argentina led us all and gave everything he had and more," she said. "Without him, without his valour and courage, it would have been impossible to get to this point."

Thousands of jubilant, flag-waving people crowded into the capital's historic Plaza de Mayo to watch on a huge TV screen as she spoke from a downtown hotel, where her supporters interrupted so frequently with their chants that she told them off. She said: "The worst that people can be is small. In history, you always must be bigger still – more generous, more thoughtful, more thankful."

She also vowed to protect Argentina from outside threats or special interests.

"This woman isn't moved by any interest. The only thing that moves her is profound love for the country. Of that I'm responsible," she said.

Kirchner was on track to win a larger share of votes than any president since Argentina's democracy was restored in 1983, when Raúl Alfonsín was elected with 52%.

Her 36-point-plus lead over Hermes Binner, who finished second, was wider than any in history save the 1973 victory of her strongman hero, Juan Domingo Perón – if you count, as many Perónists do, both the 30-point margin he won on the Perónist ticket with his wife Isabel and an additional 7% he won on a second ticket with a different vice-presidential candidate, said Leandro Morganfield, a historian at the University of Buenos Aires.

Kirchner's political coalition also appeared to gain strength in Congress, where it will need to form new alliances to regain the control it lost in 2009. At play were 130 seats in the lower house and 24 in the Senate. Most of the nine governors' races contested on Sunday also went to her party.

Kirchner, 58, chose her 48-year-old, guitar-playing, hoodie-wearing economy minister, Amado Boudou, as her running mate and potential successor.

Together, they have championed an Argentinian solution to countries facing a debt crisis: nationalise private pensions and use central bank reserves to increase government spending rather than impose austerity measures, and force bondholders to suffer before ordinary citizens.

The candidates debated how prepared Argentina was for a global slowdown. Declining commodity and trade revenue will make it harder to raise incomes to keep up with inflation. Argentina's central bank is under pressure to spend reserves to maintain the peso's value against the dollar, while also guarding against currency shocks that could threaten Argentina's all-important trade with Brazil.

Kirchner's opposition accused her of failing to contain inflation and crime, of manipulating economic data and using government power to quell criticism.

But most voters didn't seem to care. When Kirchner is inaugurated on 10 December, her Front for Victory coalition will become the first political bloc to begin a third consecutive presidential term since 1928, when Hipólito Yrigoyen of the Radical Civic Union took office as president only to be toppled by a military coup two years later, Morganfield said.

Kirchner said: "We have to think of a different country, where whoever comes builds on top of what's already been done. That's the Argentina I dream of, where we have continuity of national political projects for the country."