The airline industry is expected to implement major changes in its training procedures—particularly those intended to help pilots quickly react and regain control in the event of high-altitude flight upsets—following a report last week that shed light on the 2009 stall and crash of an Air France jet.

While cruising at 35,000 feet and nearly four hours into what seemed a routine overnight flight to Paris from Rio de Janeiro, Air France pilots got a stall warning and responded by yanking the nose of the plane up, instead of...