NOTES

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Release: Consumer Price Index

Units: Index 1982-1984=100, Seasonally Adjusted

Frequency: Monthly

Notes:

The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items (CPIAUCSL) is a measure of the average monthly change in the price for goods and services paid by urban consumers between any two time periods. It can also represent the buying habits of urban consumers. This particular index includes roughly 88 percent of the total population, accounting for wage earners, clerical workers, technical workers, self-employed, short-term workers, unemployed, retirees, and those not in the labor force.



The CPIs are based on prices for food, clothing, shelter, and fuels; transportation fares; service fees (e.g., water and sewer service); and sales taxes. Prices are collected monthly from about 4,000 housing units and approximately 26,000 retail establishments across 87 urban areas. To calculate the index, price changes are averaged with weights representing their importance in the spending of the particular group. The index measures price changes (as a percent change) from a predetermined reference date. In addition to the original unadjusted index distributed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics also releases a seasonally adjusted index. The unadjusted series reflects all factors that may influence a change in prices. However, it can be very useful to look at the seasonally adjusted CPI, which removes the effects of seasonal changes, such as weather, school year, production cycles, and holidays.



The CPI can be used to recognize periods of inflation and deflation. Significant increases in the CPI within a short time frame might indicate a period of inflation, and significant decreases in CPI within a short time frame might indicate a period of deflation. However, because the CPI includes volatile food and oil prices, it might not be a reliable measure of inflationary and deflationary periods. For a more accurate detection, the core CPI (CPILFESL) is often used. When using the CPI, please note that it is not applicable to all consumers and should not be used to determine relative living costs. Additionally, the CPI is a statistical measure vulnerable to sampling error since it is based on a sample of prices and not the complete average.



For more information on the consumer price indexes, see:

Bureau of Economic Analysis. "CPI Detailed Report." 2013.

Handbook of Methods

Understanding the CPI: Frequently Asked Questions

Suggested Citation: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average [CPIAUCSL], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCSL, September 17, 2020.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Release: Employment Situation

Units: Percent, Seasonally Adjusted

Frequency: Monthly

Notes:

To obtain estimates of women worker employment, the ratio of weighted women employees to the weighted all employees in the sample is assumed to equal the same ratio in the universe. The current month's women worker ratio, thus, is estimated and then multiplied by the all-employee estimate. The weighted-difference-link-and-taper formula (described in the source) is used to estimate the current month's women worker ratio. This formula adds the change in the matched sample's women worker ratio (the weighted-difference link) to the prior month's estimate, which has been slightly modified to reflect changes in the sample composition (the taper).



The series comes from the 'Current Population Survey (Household Survey)'



The source code is: LNS11300002

Suggested Citation: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Labor Force Participation Rate - Women [LNS11300002], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LNS11300002, September 17, 2020.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Release: Employment Situation

Units: Percent, Not Seasonally Adjusted

Frequency: Monthly

Notes:

The series comes from the 'Current Population Survey (Household Survey)'



The source code is: LNU01300001

Suggested Citation: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Labor Force Participation Rate - Men [LNU01300001], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LNU01300001, September 17, 2020.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Release: Employment Situation

Units: Percent, Seasonally Adjusted

Frequency: Monthly

Notes:

The series comes from the 'Current Population Survey (Household Survey)'



The source code is: LNS11300001