Plougshare tortoise

Population size:

440 - 770 individuals

Range:

25-60km2 in Baly Bay region, northwestern Madagascar

Primary threats:

Illegal collection for international pet trade

Action required:

Enforcement of legal protection and protected area management

Rio Pescado stubfoot toad

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Azuay, Cañar and Guyas provinces, south-western Ecuador

Threats:

Chytridiomycosis and habitat destruction due to logging and

agricultural expansion

Action required:

Protection of last remaining habitat

Pygmy three-toed sloth

Population size:

< 500 individuals

Range:

Approximately 1.3km2 – 1.5km2 on Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama

Threats:

Habitat loss due to illegal logging of mangrove forests for firewood and construction and hunting of the sloths

Action required:

Enforcement of protection of the Isla Escudo de Veraguas nature sanctuary and raising awareness

Tarzan's chameleon

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

< 10km2 in Anosibe An'Ala region, eastern Madagascar

Primary threats:

Habitat destruction for agriculture

Action required: Support for nascent community conservation initiatives and protection of habitat

Seychelles sheath-tailed bat

Population size:

< 100 mature individuals

Range:

Two small caves on Silhouette and Mahé, Seychelles

Threats:

Habitat degradation and predation by invasive species

Action required:

Removal of invasive vegetation and control of introduced predators, coupled with legal protection of habitat and roosting sites Aggressive control of invasive vegetation and predators, drawing from international experience in the eradication of these threats, could assist this little bats recovery.

Jamaican iguana, Jamaican rock iguana

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

< 10km2 core area in Hellshire Hills, Jamaica

Primary threats:

Predation by introduced species and habitat destruction

Action required:

Translocation to predator-free islands and control of deforestation

Cayman Islands ghost orchid

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

6 acres in Ironwood Forest, George Town, Grand Cayman

Threats:

Habitat destruction due to infrastructure development

Action required:

Development of legislation that will facilitate the protection of the Ironwood Forests

Wild yam

Population size:

200 individuals

Range:

Oshoek area, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Primary threats:

Collection for medicinal use

Action required:

Develop strategy for sustainable use and establish ex-situ populations

Spoon-billed sandpiper

Population size:

< 100 breeding pairs

Range:

Breeds in Russia, migrates along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway

to wintering grounds in Bangladesh and Myanmar.

Primary threats:

Trapping on wintering grounds and land reclamation.

Actions required:

Maintenance of critical intertidal staging posts and reducing trapping on wintering grounds.

• Read the latest from the Guardian on conservation efforts to save the spoon-billed sandpiper

Liben lark

Population size:

90 - 256 individuals

Range:

< 36km2 in the Liben Plains, southern Ethiopia

Threats:

Habitat loss and degradation due

to agricultural expansion, over-

grazing and fire suppression

Action required:

Restoration of grasslands, including

establishing sustainable land

management practices, clearing

scrub and reinstating fire regime

Singapore freshwater crab

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Bukit Timah Nature Reserve and streamlet near Bukit Batok, Singapore

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation – reduction in water quality and quantity

Actions required:

Protection of remaining habitat and establishment of ex-situ populations

Edwards's pheasant

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien-Hue, Viet Nam

Threats:

Hunting and habitat loss Action required:

Effective law enforcement, habitat restoration and development of a captive breeding programme

Attenborough's pitcher plant

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

< 1km2 on either side of the

summit of Mount Victoria, Palawan, Philippines

Primary threats:

Poaching

Actions required:

Creation of a protected area and enforcement of current legal protection



Luristan newt

Population size:

< 1,000 mature individuals

Range:

< 10km2 area of occupancy in Zagros Mountains, Lorestan, Iran

Primary threats:

Illegal collection for pet trade

Action required:

Enforcement of protection

Vaquita

Population size:

< 200 individuals and declining

Range:

core area of approximately 2,500km2 in Northern Gulf of California, Mexico

Primary threats:

Incidental capture in gillnets

Actions required:

Ban on use of gillnets throughout the species' range

Greater bamboo lemur

100-160 individuals

Range:

Southeastern and southcentral rainforests of Madagascar

Primary threats:

Habitat destruction due to slash-and-burn agriculture, mining and illegal logging

Action required:

Habitat protection and reforestation in the Ivato and Karlanaga regions

Saola

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Annamite mountains, on the Vietnam - PDR Laos border

Threats:

Hunting and habitat destruction

Action required:

Increase enforcement efforts and habitat protection

Red River giant softshell turtle

Population size:

4 individuals

Range:

Hoan Kiem Lake and Dong Mo Lake, Viet Nam, and Suzhou Zoo, China

Primary threats:

Hunting for consumption and habitat destruction and degradation as a result of wetland destruction and pollution

Actions required:

Education and awareness programmes, and captive breeding

Javan rhino

Population size:

< 100 individuals

Range:

Ujung Kulon National Park, Java, Indonesia

Threats:

Hunting for traditional medicine and small population size

Action required:

Enforcement of protection laws and possible establishment of a captive breeding programme

• Read the Guardian feature on how the Javan rhino is clinging on in its last stronghold

Cebu frill-wing

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

< 1km2 in a rivulet beside the Kawasan River, Cebu, Philippines

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation and destruction

Actions required:

Designation of area as 'Critical Habitat' – restricting human access to the area

Red-finned Blue-eye

Population size:

2,000 - 4,000 individuals

Range:

Edgbaston Station, central western Queensland, Australia

Threats:

Predation by introduced species

Action required:

Control of the invasive species Gambusia holbrooki, and reintroduction of S.vermeilipinnis

Estuarine pipefish

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Kariega Estuary to East Kleinemonde Estuary, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Threats:

Construction of dams altering river flows and flood events into estuaries

Action required:

Establishment of a freshwater 'reserve', pollution control and implementation of water use allocations

Suicide Palm, Dimaka

Population size:

90 individuals

Range:

Analalava district, north-western Madagascar

Threats:

Habitat loss due to fires, logging and agricultural developments

Action required:

Establishment of a protected area and development of a management plan



Bullock's false toad

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

< 500km2, Nahuelbuta, Arauco Province, Chile

Primary threats:

Habitat destruction as a result of construction of a hydro-electricity scheme

Actions required:

Halting development of the hydro-electricity scheme and protecting habitat

Baishan fir

Population size:

5 mature individuals

Range:

Baishanzu Mountain, Zhejiang, China

Primary threats:

Agricultural expansion and fire

Actions required:

Ex-situ conservation and re-introduction, and establishment of a protected area

Araripe manakin

Population size:

779 individuals

Range:

28km2 distribution, Chapado do Araripe, South Ceará, Brazil

Primary threats: Habitat destruction due to expansion of agriculture and recreational facilities and water diversion

Actions required:

Formal protection of remaining habitat and protection of springs and streams

Amani flatwing

Population size: < 500 individuals

Range:

<10km2 area of occupancy, Amani-Sigi Forest, Usamabara Mountains, Tazania

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation due to increasing population pressure and water pollution

Action required:

Habitat protection

Bulmer's fruit bat

Population size:

approximately 150 individuals

Range:

<10km2 area of occupancy, Luplupwintern Cave, Western Province,

Papua New Guinea

Primary threats:

Hunting and cave disturbance

Action required:

Protection of Luplupwintern cave and enforced prohibition of hunting

Leaf scaled sea-snake

Population size:

Unknown

Range: Ashmore Reef and Hibernia Reef,Timor Sea

Primary threats:

Unknown - likelydegradation of coral reef habitat

Action required:

Evaluate reasons for population decline and formulate appropriate management plans

Aci Göl toothcarp

Population size:

few hundred pairs

Range:

small springs, south-eastern shore of former Lake Aci, Turkey

Primary threats:

Competition and predation by Gambusia and road construction

Action required:

Raise awareness in national conservation groups and

governments, monitor and conserve current springs, develop action plan for lost springs and maintain captive populations

Actinote zikani

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Near Sao Paulo, Atlantic forest, Brazil

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation due to pressure from human populations

Action required:

Protection of habitat and Mikania obsoleta (host plant)

Antisolabis seychellensis

Population size: Unknown

Range: 5km2 area of occupancy,

Morne Blanc, Mahé island, Seychelles

Primary threats: Invasive species and

climate change

Action required: Habitat management to

prevent further invasion by introduced plants

White bellied heron

Population size: 70 - 400 individuals

Range: 56,300km2 in Bhutan, North East

India and Myanmar

Primary threats: Habitat destruction and

degradation due to hydropower development

Actions required: Develop captive rearing

and release program, eliminate adverse

uses of riverine habitat, and mitigate

effects of hydroelectric development

Giant yellow croaker

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Chinese coast from Yangtze River,China to Hong Kong

Primary threats:

Over-fishing, primarily due to value of swim-bladder for traditional medicine - cost per kilogram exceeded that of gold in 2001

Actions required:

Establishment of appropriate protection in Hong Kong and enforcement of legal protection in China

Galapagos damsel fish

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Unknown

Primary threats:

Climate Change -oceanographic changes associated with the1982 / 1983 El Nino are presumed to be responsible for the apparent disappearance of this species from the Galapagos

Action required:

Surveys to identify if the

species still exists in Los Lobos Islands

Hirola

Population size: <1,000 individuals

Range:

South-east Kenya and possibly south-west Somalia

Primary threats:

Habitat loss and degradation, competition with livestock, poaching

Action required:

Establishment of protected areas and community conservancies, increase in level of management and protection of wild population

Madagascar pochard

Population size:

approx 20 mature individuals

Range:

1km2 volcanic lakes north of Bealanana, Madagascar

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation due to slash-and-burn agriculture, hunting, and fishing / introduced fish

Action required:

Formal protection of current breeding site, habitat restoration, and development of release programme for captive-bred individuals

• Watch a video of a Madagascar pochard duckling

Bazzania bhutanica

Population size:

Individuals unknown, two populations

Range:

<10km2 area of occupancy in Budini and Lafeti Khola, Bhutan

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation and destruction due to forest clearance, overgrazing and development

Action required:

Protection of area to prevent future development damaging remaining habitat

Great indian bustard

Population size:

50 - 249 mature individuals

Range:

570,000km2 in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashta, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka

and Madhya, India

Primary threats:

Habitat loss and modification due to agricultural development

Action required:

Establishment of protected areas and community reserves, and realignment of Indira Ghandi Nahar Canal Project

Common batagur, Four-toed terrapin

Population size: Unknown Range: Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia and Malaysia

Primary threats:

Illegal export and trade from Indonesia to China

Action required:

Enforcement of CITES Appendix I restrictions and control of illegal trade

Franklin's bumblebee

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Oregon and California, United States of America

Primary threats:

Disease from commercially bred bumblebees and habitat destruction and degradation

Actions required:

Protection of habitat containing nectar and pollen sources

Willow blister

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Pembrokeshire, United Kingdom

Primary threats:

Limited availability of habitat

Actions required:

Continue protection of current populations and habitat regeneration projects

Roloway guenon

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Cote d'Ivoire

Primary threats:

Hunting for consumption as bushmeat and habitat loss

Action required:

Protection of habitat from logging and conversion to agricultural land

Amsterdam albatross

Population size:

100 mature individuals

Range:

Breeds on Plateuau des Tourbières, Amsterdam Island, Indian Ocean.

Primary threats:

Disease and incidental by-catch in long-line fishing operations

Action required:

Prevention of the spread of disease and promotion of best-practice measures in all fisheries within the species range

Santa Catarina's guinea pig

Population size:

40-60 individuals

Range:

4ha on Moleques do Sul Island, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Primary threats:

Habitat disturbance and possible hunting; small population effects

Action required: Protected area enforcement and regulation of access to the island

Sumatran rhino

Population size:

<250 mature individuals

Range:

Sabah, Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia, Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia

Primary threats:

Hunting for horn - used in traditional medicine

Action required:

Expansion and reinforcement of anti-poaching programmes and continuation of captive breeding efforts

• How the Sumatran rhino's survival hopes ride on Puntung and Tam

Callitriche pulchra

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

2m x 1m pool on Gavdos, Greece

Primary threats:

Exploitation of the species' habitat by stock, and modification of the pool by local people

Action required:

Provide alternative water sources for stock, involve local people in the protection of the pool and document remaining water bodies on Gavdos

Nelson's small-eared shrew

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

<100km2 extent of occurence, Volcán San Martín Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico

Primary threats:

Habitat loss due to logging, cattle grazing, fire and agriculture

Action required:

Surveys to map species range; improved protected area management

Diospyros katendei

Population size:

20 individuals, one population

Range:

Kasyoha-Kitomi Forest Reserve,

Uganda

Primary threats:

High pressure from communities for agricultural activity, illegal tree felling, habitat degradation due to alluvial gold digging and small population

Actions required: Enforcement of legal protection of area, field surveys for further search and ex-situ conservation in arboreta/botanic gardens

Elaeocarpus bojeri

Population size:

<10 individuals

Range:

Grand Bassin, Mauritius

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation

Actions required:

Unknown - trees are currently being closely monitored to determine level of threat and how these should be addressed

Dombeya mauritania

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Mauritius

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation and destruction due to encroachment by alien invasive plant species and cannabis cultivation

Action required:

Control of invasive plant species, habitat protection and re-introduction of propagated individuals

Chilenito

Population size:

<500 individuals

Range:

Pta Molles and Pichidungui, Chile

Primary threats:

Collection of flowering individuals

Action required:

Protection of plants through construction of a fence and signage alerting people to threatened status

Hula painted frog

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

<2km2 in Hula Valley, Israel

Primary threats:

Predation by birds and range restriction due to habitat destruction

Action required:

Restoration of habitat

Macaya breast-spot frog

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Formon and Macaya peaks, Masif de la Hotte, Haiti

Primary threats:

Habitat destruction due to charcoal production and slash-and-burn

agriculture

Action required:

Protection of habitat

Dipterocarpus lamellatus

Population size:

12 individuals

Range:

Siangau Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia

Primary threats:

Habitat loss and degradation due to logging of lowland forest and creation of industrial plantations

Action required:

Restoration of Sianggau Forest Reserve and re-introduction of species to previous range

La Hotte glanded frog

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Massif de la Hotte, Haiti

Primary threats: Habitat destruction

due to charcoal production and

slash-and-burn agriculture

Action required: Habitat protection

Coral tree

Population size:

< 50 individuals

Range:

Namatimbili-Ngarama Forest, Tanzania

Primary threats:

Limited habitat and small population size increasing vulnerability to stochastic events

Actions required:

Complete establishment of Forest Reserves and continue propagation efforts, ex-situ conservation

Northern bald ibis

Population size:

200 – 249 mature individuals

Range:

Breeds in Morocco, Turkey and Syria. Syrian population winters in central Ethiopia

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation and destruction, and hunting

Action required:

Protection of key breeding and roosting sites

Hemicycla paeteliana

Population:

Unknown

Range:

8km2 area of occupancy, Jandiapeninsula, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands

Primary threats:

Habitat destruction due to overgrazing and trampling by goats and tourists

Action required:

Conservation of habitat and control of goats, and limiting recreational access to area by tourists

Ficus katendei

Population size:

< 50 mature individuals

Range:

Kasyoha-Kitomi Forest Reserve, Ishasha River, Uganda

Primary threats:

Agricultural activity, illegal tree felling and habitat degradation due to alluvial gold digging

Action required:

ex-situ conservation in arboreta / botanic gardens; enforcement of protection to contain encroachment and habitat degradation; community development programmes in areas adjacent to the reserve

Table mountain ghost frog

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

9km2, Table Mountain, Western Cape Province, South Africa

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation due to invasive plants and water abstraction

Action required:

Protection of habitat, continued implementation of management plans and integration of activities between sites

Euphorbia tanaensis

Population size:

4 mature individuals

Range:

Witu Forest Reserve, Kenya

Primary threats:

Illegal logging and habitat degradation due to agricultural expansion and infrastructure development

Action required:

Enforcement of legal protection in the Witu Forest Reserve, which has diminished due to civil insecurity

Gocea ohridana

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

<10km2 area of occupancy, Lake Ohrid, Macedonia

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation due to increasing pollution levels, off-take of

water and sedimentation events

Action required:

Implement transboundary agreements to improve habitat management

Gigasiphon macrosiphon

Population size:

33 mature individuals

Range:

Kaya Muhaka, Gongoni and MrimaForest Reserves, Kenya, Amani Nature Reserve, West Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve, and Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania

Primary threats:

Timber extraction and habitat degradation due to agricultural encroachment and development, seed predation by wild pigs

Actions required:

Enforcement of protection in reserves and establishment of management plan to mitigate effects of water loss from hydroelectricity developments

Hibiscadelphus woodii

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Kalalau Valley, Hawaii

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation due to feral ungulates and invasive introduced plant species

Actions required:

Survey the extremely steep terrain for additional individuals. Control of invasive species in the remaining suitable habitat so that species can be reintroduced if more individuals are located

Dusky gopher frog

Population size:

60-100 individuals

Range:

< 10km2 area of occupancy in Harrison County, Mississippi, USA

Primary threats:

Fungal disease and habitat limitation due to climate change and land-use changes

Actions required:

Protection of habitat and management of population to prevent spread of disease

Archey's frog

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Coromandel peninsula and Whareorino Forest, New Zealand

Primary threats:

Chytridiomycosis and predation by invasive species

Action required:

Continuation of current conservation efforts

Moominia willii

Population size:

<500 individuals

Range:

.02km2 area of occupancy on Silhouette Island, Seychelles

Primary threats:

Invasive species and climate change

Action required:

Protection of habitat and control of invasive species

Belin vetchling

Population size:

< 1,000

Range:

< 2km2, outskirts of Belin village, Antalya, Turkey

Primary threats:

Habitat destruction due to urbanisation, over-grazing, conifer planting

and road widening

Action required:

Habitat protection, control of grazing, halt conifer planting and periodic sampling for ex-situ seed conservation

Margaritifera marocana

Population size:

< 250 individuals

Range:

Oued Denna, Oued Abid and Oued Beth, Morocco

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation and disturbance due to pollution and development

Action required:

Habitat protection to mitigate effects of construction of hydroelectricity schemes and agricultural abstraction

Sakhalin taimen

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

233,498km2 area of occupancy, Russian far east and northern Japan

Primary threats:

Overfishing (sport fishing and commercial bycatch) and habitat loss from damming, agriculture and other land use practices

Action required:

Expansion of conservation protection in rivers in Russia and Japan and enforcement of fishing regulations

Magnolia wolfii

Population size:

< 5 individuals

Range:

Risaralda, Columbia

Primary threats:

Isolation of species and low regeneration rates

Action required:

Protection of remaining population and exploration of potential for ex-situ conservation

Natalus primus

Cuban greater funnel eared bat

Population size:

<100 individuals

Range:

Cueva La Barca, Isle of Pines, Cuba

Primary threats:

Habitat loss and human disturbance

Actions required:

Protection of Cueva La Barca and its surrounds

Parides burchellanus

Population size:

<100 individuals

Range:

Cerrado, Brazil

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation due to pressure from human populations and range restriction

Actions required:

Protection of forest habitat

Pangasid catfish

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Chao Phraya and Mekong basins in Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam

Primary threats:

Overfishing and collection for aquarium trade

Action required:

Protection from overfishing and collection

Gooty tarantula, metallic tarantula,

peacock parachute spider, peacock

tarantula, Salepurgu

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Nandyal and Giddalur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Primary threats:

Habitat loss and degradation as a result of deforestation, firewood collection and civil unrest

Action required:

Habitat protection,awareness at community level, inclusion in the national Wildlife Protection Act and national and international trade legislation

Oreocnemis phoenix

Mulanje red damsel

Population size: Unknown

Range: <10km2 area of occupancy, Mulanje

Plateau, Malawi

Primary threats: Habitat destruction and

degradation due to drainage, agricultural

expansion and exploitation of forest

Action required: Enforcement of habitat

protection

Qiaojia pine

Population size:

<25 mature individuals remaining

Range:

Qiaojia, Yunnan, China

Primary threats:

Limited distribution and small population size

Action required:

Ex-situ conservation and re-introduction; establishment of protected areas

Hainan gibbon

Population size:

<20 individuals

Range:

10km2 area of occupancy on Hainan Island, China

Primary threats:

Hunting

Action required:

Gun confiscation in the area of the Bawangling population and habitat protection

Picea neoveitchii

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Qinling Range, China

Primary threats:

Forest destruction

Action required:

Ex-situ conservation and re-introduction; establishment of protected areas

Fatuhiva monarch

Population size:

50 individuals

Range:

Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia

Primary threats:

Predation by introduced species - Rattus rattus and feral cats

Actions required:

Increase control of introduced species and consider translocation, either to another island or by creating another, larger controlled area in an accessible part of Fatu Hiva

Psiadia cataractae

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Mauritius

Primary threats:

Habitat degradation and destruction due to development project and alien invasive plant species

Actions required:

Effective protection of the area, continuous and effective control of invasive alien plants particularly grasses and replanting of hardened nursery grown plants

Geometric tortoise

Population size:

Unknown

Range: Western

Cape Province, South Africa

Primary threats:

Habitat destruction and degradation, and predation

Action required:

Establishment of additional reserves and management of fire regimes

West Australian underground orchid

Population size:

< 100 individuals

Range:

Western Australia, Australia

Primary threats:

Land clearance for agriculture (96 per cent habitat cleared to

date), climate change and salinisation

Action required:

In-situ protection of the two supporting organisms, and protection of seed stocks and the fungus partner in a seed bank

Silky sifaka

Population size:

100-1,000 individuals

Range:

Maroantsetra to Andapa basin, and Marojeju Massif, Madagascar

Primary threats:

Hunting and habitat disturbance

Action required:

Continuation and expansion of efforts to end hunting and establishment of protected areas

Tonkin snub-nosed monkey

Population size:

< 200 individuals

Range:

Northeastern Viet Nam

Primary threats:

Habitat loss and hunting

Action required:

Establishment of a conservation area for Khau Ca Conservation area in Ha Giang province and increase law enforcement to reduce hunting pressure

• Watch a Guardian video of the Tonkin snub-nosed monkey

Common sawfish

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Coastal tropical and subtropical waters of Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Currently largely restricted to northern Australia

Primary threats:

Exploitation - has removed the species from 95 per cent of its historical range

Action required:

Further research required to understand current distribution and threats and ways of managing these

Beydaglari bush-cricket

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Beydaglari range, Antalaya, Turkey

Primary threats:

Climate change / habitat loss

Action required:

Development of a bioacoustic monitoring scheme and strategic conservation action plan, establishment of a nature reserve, implementation of habitat management scheme, and research on population size, trends, distribution, and ecology

Boni giant sengi

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Boni-Dodori Forest, Lamu area, Kenya

Primary threats:

Habitat destruction due to development

Actions required:

Formal protection of Boni-Dodori forest and finalisation of formal identification

Angel shark

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Formerly coastal waters of NE Atlantic as far north as Norway and into

the Mediterranean Sea. Now restricted to Canary Islands only

Primary threats:

Benthic trawling

Actions required:

Protection of Canary Islands habitat and nearby continental shelf habitats from trawling

Red crested tree rat

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Primary threats:

Habitat loss through urban development and coffee cultivation

Action required:

Surveys to map species range and continued habitat protection at known site of occurrence

Somphongs's rasbora

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

Mae Khlong basin, Thailand

Primary threats:

Habitat loss and degradation from farmland conversion and urbanization

Action required:

Wetland restoration

Durrell's vontsira

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

estimated to be 200km2 in marshes of Lake Alaotra, Madagascar

Primary threats:

Habitat loss

Action required:

Improved management of the Lake Alaotra protected area

Tokudaia muenninki

Okinawa spiny rat

Population size:

Unknown

Range:

3km2 on Okinawa Island, Japan

Primary threats:

Habitat loss and predation by feral cats

Action required:

Surveys to map species range, protection of remaining habitat and feral cat control programme

Rosa arabica

Population size:

unknown, 10 sub-populations

Range:

14.6km2, St Katherine Mountains, Egypt

Primary threats:

Domestic animals grazing, climate change and drought, medicinal plant collection and restricted range

Action required:

Protection of individuals from exploitation

Chinese crested tern

Population size:

<50 mature individuals

Range:

Breeding in Zhejiang and Fujian, China, and outside breeding season in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand

Primary threats:

Egg collection and habitat destruction

Action required:

Protect breeding sites,strengthen legal protection status and raise awareness at breeding colonies

Valencia letourneuxi

Population size:

Unknown

Range: Southern Albania and Western Greece

Primary threats:

Habitat destruction, water abstraction and aggressive interaction with Gambusia

Actions required:

Protection of habitat and control of Gambusia Zaglossus attenboroughi

Attenborough's echidna

Population size:

Unknown

Range: Cyclops Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia

Primary threats:

Habitat modification and degradation due to logging, agricultural encroachment shifting cultivation and hunting by local people

Action required:

Enhance awareness and cultural significance of the species, establish sustainable management practices and conduct additional surveys

• The Guardian's Patrick Barkham explains how this plant got its distinctive name

Forest coconut

Population size:

<10 individuals

Range:

Masoala peninsula, Madagascar

Primary threats:

Harvesting for consumption of palm heart and deforestation

Action required:

Protection of individuals and habitat coupled with public awareness campaigns