In the kidney, the distal convoluted tubules of the nephron contain a filtrate in which the sodium concentration is lower than in the surrounding peritubular capillaries. If sodium ions move from filtrate to blood, what process is at work?

A. Diffusion

B. Osmosis

C. Facilitated transport (facilitated diffusion)

D. Active transport

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Reveal Answer » D. This question requires a basic understanding of membrane transport mechanisms. When a substance moves against a concentration gradient (from low concentration to high), energy is required. Active transport is the only mechanism capable of moving sodium in the direction described.

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