Home Office – 6% cut

Sharp increases of up to 10% each year in visa fees for those coming to work or study in the UK over the next two years are to be introduced to cushion the impact of a further 6% cut in the Home Office budget.

This increase in visa fees, some of which already cost above £800, will be the second substantial rise in three years. The Home Office said visitor visa fees will also be increased by up to 6% over the next two years. The Treasury said the rise would be accompanied by improvements in the way visa applications are dealt with. The splitting of the UK Border Agency would also bring savings.

The policing budget, which has already suffered a 20% cut in Whitehall grants, now faces the prospect of a further cut in 2015/2016 of 4.9% or £269m. The Association of Chief Police Officers said this was equivalent to losing another 9,000 police jobs but the police would try to find the savings in other ways.

Home Office officials have made clear that while the police budget has been "relatively protected", immigration will have to take a greater share of the savings. While the budget for counter-terrorism policing has been entirely protected, not all counter-terrorism work has been shielded in the same way, raising the prospect that the Prevent programme, which involves local authorities, may face cutbacks.

A £50m innovation fund is to be set up to encourage police forces to collaborate and share services with each other and local authorities.

The Police Federation said forces had already lost 12,000 officers and it predicted officer numbers would drop faster than the fall in crime.

Alan Travis

The Department for Business, Innovation & Skills - 6% cut

Universities saw their high-level research funding protected, but important funding for disadvantaged students taken away.

In monetary terms the two are miles apart, with the Russell Group of research-orientated universities welcoming the maintenance of the £4.6bn research budget, while the national scholarship programme – championed by the Liberal Democrats – is being cut back from £150m to £50m and restricted to disadvantaged postgraduates.

The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (Bis) defended the change, saying that admissions figures showed disadvantaged students had not been deterred by the £9,000 tuition fees. The CSR also froze student maintenance grants for those from low income households, saving £60m.

Osborne declared the settlement for science a "huge investment" for the area and spoke of hopes to make Britain once again a country where the future is invented.

In practice, that means continuing the freeze on the science research budget, which has been held at £4.6bn since the spending review in 2010. The flat cash settlement back then equates to a cut in real terms over the period, as inflation takes its toll.

But the chancellor pledged a major increase in capital spending, up by 9% at the Department of Business. That will include a raise for science spending from £600m to £1.1bn a year until the 2021, a move that will help the long term planning and expansion of scientific projects.

Projects the government has pledged to back include the synergistic air-breathing rocket engine (Sabre) and a new supercomputer for the Met Office.

To the relief of many scientists, the Medical Research Council will not move the the Department of Health, a move that was being considered by Vince Cable to save costs.

Richard Adams and Ian Sample

Arts organisations – 5% cut

The DCMS has agreed a budget reduction of 7%, from which cuts to Arts Council England and national museums will be limited to 5%. The Treasury, it seems, listened to arguments that any more would spell disaster for a sector that is buoyant artistically but also a significant cash generator for the UK.

Osborne said national museums would have greater freedoms to use their budgets as they saw fit. But the DCMS cut is not the whole story. Also worrying are the 10% cuts to local government on which many arts groups rely.

In sport, post Olympics, the 5% cut for community sport threatens to damage the government in perception terms. In practice though, the cut to the exchequer-funded portion of Sport England's grassroots sport budget – which applies only to resource funding and not capital projects – will amount only to £2m.

The majority of its £300m annual budget now comes from the lottery after changes to the way that money is distributed. The sports minister, Hugh Robertson, is believed to be satisfied with the result of the spending negotiations after making the argument that deeper cuts would undermine the Olympic legacy case. The budget for elite Olympic and Paralympic sport, which will see £355m invested by UK Sport over the four years to 2016, was ringfenced as part of a deal unveiled during the Olympics when medals were pouring in. Mark Brown and Owen Gibson

Department of Defence – 3.4% increase

MI5, MI6, and GCHQ will benefit from a 3.4% increase in their combined annual budget of nearly £2bn under the spending plans, in a move likely to mark the start of a significant long-term trend.

The overall defence budget will continue to fall but the chancellor announced a sweetener – fines on banks for fixing Libor interbank lending rates will fund the military covenant. How this will in practice benefit members of the armed forces, their families, and veterans, was not immediately clear.

There will be no further cuts in the numbers of armed forces personnel – 4,480 soldiers have been handed redundancy notices as the force aims to reduce personnel numbers to 82,000 by 2018 from more than 100,000 three years ago. However, the number of civilians working for the Ministry of Defence will be cut further. The government has already announced cuts in defence civilian staff from 75,000 to 40,000 over nine years. The defence resource budget will be maintained in cash terms at £24bn, a cut in real terms, though, as already announced, the defence equipment budget, now at £14bn, will grow by 1% in real terms in 2015/16.

Both the armed forces and the intelligence agencies will be spending more money on cyber-warfare. MoD contracts with private contractors will be further scrutinised for savings. Rises in the MI5, MI6, and GCHQ budgets reverse this year's budgetary cuts and was widely expected after the agencies lobbied for them even before the Woolwich attack on a soldier last month.

Richard Norton-Taylor

Department of Health – 0.1% increase

As expected, the NHS is one of the few winners from Osborne's wide-ranging statement. The Department of Health's headline resource budget will rise from £108.34bn in 2014-15 to £110.37bn, up £2.1bn – a real-terms increase of just 0.1% – in line with the pledge in the 2010 Conservative manifesto and post-election coalition agreement to give the NHS real-terms year on year increases.

The Department of Health's (DH) capital budget for health infrastructure will also rise from £4.65bn to £4.74bn. Details of what that will be spent on will come onThursday when Danny Alexander, the chief secretary to the Treasury, explains where £100bn of infrastructure spending will be going.

The most significant move, though, is the creation of what the DH calls "a £3.8bn pooled health and social care budget... to make sure everyone gets a properly joined up service so they get the care they need from whoever is best placed to deliver, whether that's the NHS or the local authority".

The result should be to drive forward the integration of health and social care in England, a move its many champions sometimes call "the Holy Grail" of health policy; Osborne called it "historic". It should reduce pressure on the NHS by ensuring that those needing help from either service seamlessly receive either kind of support, at or near their homes, to keep them healthier. That should reduce A&E attendances, admissions to hospital and length of stay, especially among the growing frail, elderly population. Unsustainable rising demand on the NHS means the move is long overdue.

Significantly, £3bn of the £3.8bn will come from the DH – £2bn extra – and £800m from theDepartment of Communities and Local Government. But £2bn more of DH funding for social care is also £2bn less for the NHS.

Denis Campbell

Department for Education – 1% cut

Michael Gove's Department for Education budget survived largely intact, with the department taking a cut of around 1% in real terms from its combined £57.7bn settlement for 2015-16.

George Osborne and the education secretary had pledged that ring-fencing would maintain spending on schools – the department's biggest area of expenditure – with Osborne on Wednesday telling parliament that school spending had been "protected in real terms".

The DfE settlement maintains 15 hours a week of nursery schooling for all three-year-olds, as well as what the Treasury calls "real-terms protection" of the pupil premium, the lump sum of £900 paid directly to schools for each pupil qualifying for free school meals.

But the details included proposals to adopt a national schools funding formula, the third time in recent years that such a move has been offered. Per-pupil funding currently varies by thousands of pounds as each local authority uses its own formula.

It is likely that local authorities will lose discretion over schools funding, and would be restricted to applying a national formula. Alongside the CSR came a new review into school spending efficiency published by the DfE, which it was claimed "shows there is significant scope for many schools to make their money go further". It also suggested changes to school staffing structures, which followed proposals to end automatic pay progression for teachers and include more flexibility.

The CSR also offered funding for 180 new free schools in 2015-16, which would require a sharp increase from the 100-odd free schools approved in each of the last two years. It also said there would be funds for 20 new studio schools and 20 new university technical colleges. But the CSR also included ominous language for the academy schools, saying that as the programme matures, "the government will work to drive down the central costs of the programme, delivering savings of around £150m".

Richard Adams

Environment (DEFRA) – 9.6% cut

Flood defences, protecting nature and fighting pollution appear to be the casualties after Osborne inflicted the highest level of budget cuts – almost 10% – on the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), alongside a few other unfortunates – just as he did in the 2010 spending review.

Spending on flood defences "will remain at current levels in cash terms" in 2015-16, say Treasury documents. That's a real term cut to follow earlier cuts of more than 25% compared to 2010, at a time when the need protect against catastrophic flooding is rising due to climate change. Osborne did, however, promise to "set out plans for a major commitment to new flood defences for the rest of this decade" on Thursday.

Damian Carrington

Foreign Office – 8% cut

Despite the cuts, plans are proceeding to open more embassies in what the chancellor called the "emerging world" and focus British diplomacy on commercial opportunities in "growing markets" from Shanghai to Abuja.

The FCO is expected to make £70m worth of savings by "co-locating" UK missions with Commonwealth and EU countries and continuing an existing programme to reduce UK-based-staff by 10% by 2015.

Other savings are likely to be found from programmes dealing with counter-terrorism, human rights and Arab partnerships. Another tried efficiency is the creation of regional "hubs" providing corporate services to a number of British missions in the same region.

One bright spot is the announcement of £70m to be shared with UKTI to support global economic growth. "The extra money ... recognises the FCO's strong track record in this field," a spokesperson said. "By supporting countries in making political and economic reforms we in turn support the UK's prosperity."

William Hague was praised by Osborne as "the best foreign secretary in a generation" who had demonstrated how to make pounds "go further."

It had been anticpated that the FCO might get off lighter than other departments due to claims around conflict and peacekeeping. FCO spending is largely on salaries and buildings rather than programmes. Grand premises such as the British embassy in Paris give an impression of diplomats living lavishly at taxpayer's expense – an image dismissed as a misleading carictature by the FCO. Its budget was already tight after the last spending review in October 2010. It was cut then from £1.6bn in 2011-12 to £1.36bn in 2014/15.

Ian Black and Neil Johnston

Ministry of Justice – 10% cut

In percentage terms, this one of the highest levels of cuts, with the MoJ's budget of £6.8bn in 2014-15 falling to £6.2bn the following year. Most of the savings appear to come from the courts, and the news will dismay lawyers already fighting the latest round of legal aid cuts. That £220m saving in criminal legal aid is included in Osborne's figures.

But a proposed saving of £200m in the costs of running the courts – through partial privatisation, efficiency savings or rises in legal fees – emerges for the first time.

Reform of public sector prisons, also an MoJ responsibility, is, by contrast, expected to lead to a £180m saving.

A Criminal Justice System action plan is due to be announced shortly detailing how the Ministry of Justice, Home Office, police and Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) will work more closely together.

Owen Bowcott

Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales – 10% cut

Alex Salmond's government has emerged as one of the main beneficiaries of Osborne's spending review, as the Treasury moved to quell support for Scottish independence. The Scottish government will have the fourth largest budget of any Treasury-funded area or department by 2015, with a total spend of £28.6bn, after the chancellor increased its capital spending by £400m to £3.3bn, and held its day-to-day spending at near level terms.

Michael Moore, the Scottish secretary, whose department will see a 10% budget cut by 2015, said the UK government was responding to Salmond's demands for extra spending by increasing his capital budgets by 12.9% in real terms. This was a "huge spending boost", he said.

In Northern Ireland, £31m that could have been spent on infrastructure or upgrading school buildings has been diverted into counter-terrorism. Osborne allocated the extra cash to the Police Service of Northern Ireland to aid their ongoing fight against the new IRA, Continuity IRA and Oglaigh na hEireann.

Overall Northern Ireland's regional budget has emerged relatively unaffected by the cuts as health and education form a large part of public spending in the province. However, its proposed resource budget for 2015/2016 will be cut by 2%.

There will be no huge surprise that the Labour-led Welsh government's budget will be cut by 2% – the day-to-day revenue will be set at £13.6bn – nor that the Wales Office will reduce its running costs by 10%. What may disturb the country is Osborne's concession that many more job losses in the public sector are inevitable and that automatic pay increases for teachers, hospital workers and other public servants will end.

Severin Carrell, Henry McDonald and Steven Morris

Department for International Develpment - (budget protected)

Aid will rise significantly in the next few years as the coalition government meets the longstanding UN aid target of 0.7% of gross national income. According to Treasury documents released with the spending review, total UK aid will rise to £11.7bn in 2014-15 and £12.2bn in the following year.

Osborne acknowledged opposition in Tory ranks to the government's decision to protect the UK's aid budget but said he refused to balance the books on the backs of the poor. The chancellor said he was proud to support a government that is the first to meet the 0.7% target.

Mark Tran

Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) – 8% cut

Osborne has cut the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) budget by 8% from 2015/16 but insisted the reductions can be met through efficiency savings. There were no details on where the axe would fall but already half of the annual £3.3bn spent by DECC goes on decommissioning old atomic power stations. Meanwhile a series of measures to introduce new longterm "strike prices" for supporting renewable energy support schemes plus tax breaks and planning changes for shale drilling were all promised by the chancellor in his comprehensive spending review.

Osborne has predicted his plans will support £100bn of private sector spending needed to upgrade old infrastructure and help build a lower carbon power system.

Terry Macalister

Department for Transport – 9% cut

The chancellor has taken with one hand but given with the other. The day-to-day budget has been cut by 9%, but Osborne said the capital budget for long-term schemes would rise to £9.5bn - an extra £600m in 2014-15.

He indicated that Transport for London's grant would take a major hit, and the government would also "bear down on the running costs" of rail administration. However, he also vowed to preserve mayor Boris Johnson's annual capital budget of £1.8bn until 2020 – allowing London to continue to invest in tube upgrades and projects such as the Northern Line extension. Cuts in the budget may also affect road maintenance, even as Osborne promised to build more new ones than for 50 years.

The chancellor referenced projects mainly already announced: road spending, Crossrail and HS2 – whose budget is likely to get cross-party approval in a paving bill this afternoon. But he also endorsed looking at Crossrail 2, a new north-south rail line in London. Gwyn Topham

Treasury – 10% cut

Osborne's own department will suffer a 10% budget cut in 2015/16 under his latest spending review. Staff numbers at the Treasury are already due to fall from 1,350 in 2010 to 1,000 by 1014/15 by natural attrition. According to figures for April, there are still 1,168 people employed in the Treasury and it is spending £190,000 a month on consultants. Lopping a further chunk of workers in the run up to the next election could prove tricky, which is why the Treasury says the emphasis is on pay restraint, sharing overheads with other departments and the more efficient use of IT in 2015/16.

Phillip Inman