"This has been a very difficult decision that causes us great pain," Pinera said in a televised address. "A president always has to put the needs of his countrymen first." Opposition and pro-government parties in Chile generally welcomed the president's decision, saying that having the summits was unrealistic given the circumstances. The shop at right has 2019 written under the year of Chile's military coup by dictator Augusto Pinochet in 1973. Credit:AP Trade and climate negotiators scrambled to find new locations for their summits, aimed at resolving tariff-related conflicts between China and the US and finalising countries' climate rules in advance of a bigger summit next year during which governments will be asked to commit to new emissions limits. President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping had hoped to sign a modest trade agreement at the APEC summit, formerly scheduled to take place in Santiago on November 16-17.

Loading Under the tentative deal, the US had agreed to suspend plans to raise tariffs on $US250 billion in Chinese imports, and Beijing had agreed to step up purchases of US farm products. White House spokesman Hogan Gidley said US officials were "awaiting potential information regarding another location," but it was unclear if any had been proposed. Gidley added that Trump wanted to sign the deal with China "within the same time frame," hinting that a separate event could occur outside a summit. The so-called Phase One trade agreement did little to address the underlying US grievances against China, including its alleged practice of forcing foreign firms to hand over trade secrets; stealing technology, and unfairly subsidising Chinese firms. China's leaders have been reluctant to make the kind of policy reforms that would satisfy Washington, worrying such concessions would mean scaling back their aspirations to become a world leader in advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and driverless cars.

Loading Replay Replay video Play video Play video Still, the apparent cancellation of the summit "removes a hard deadline for action toward a comprehensive agreement in the trade war," said Jeff Moon, a former US diplomat and trade official specialising in China who is now president of the China Moon Strategies consultancy. "That hard deadline and the relatively short period of time available allowed Trump and Xi to give themselves permission to do only easy things and delay indefinitely resolving tough issues." Now, Moon said, "there is no excuse for not pressing forward with the full US agenda of concerns." Climate advocates said they were disappointed but expected to relocate their talks.

The Santiago climate conference was meant to work out some of the remaining unresolved rules for countries on climate efforts, smoothing the way for the bigger effort in the 2020 summit: encouraging countries to up their commitments to cutting climate-changing emissions. "The absence of rules does not stop countries from acting either alone or together" to cut emissions, said Nigel Purvis, a climate and environment negotiator in the administrations of Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. "It really shouldn't slow down climate action." A wet anti-government protester dries his clothes by standing close to a burning street barricade in Santiago, Chile. Credit:AP But other climate experts said it was important to get those rules worked out in advance. "To load everything into one conference - I think they'll work pretty hard not to do that," said Henry Jacoby, a climate expert at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Loading Rachel Cleetus, policy director at the Union of Concerned Scientists, said she believed there would be "every effort made that some type of ... meeting does happen." "These ... are the venues where the global community comes together to decide how to tackle this problem together," she said. "The climate challenge requires every country to act, but it requires us to act collectively." UN Climate Change Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa issued a statement saying that "alternative hosting options" were being explored. And a UN official, speaking on condition of anonymity for lack of authorisation to comment publicly, said that all UN venues are being considered as options. Those would include cities such as New York, Geneva, Bonn, Vienna and Nairobi. Heraldo Munoz, president of Chile's opposition Party for Democracy, said he thought it was unfortunate the climate summit was cancelled.

"On the other hand, the desire to hold the meeting wasn't realistic," he said. "We have to focus on domestic affairs." Some demonstrators said they agreed with Pinera's decision. "The political situation right now in Chile isn't right for talking productively about climate change," said Micha Vergara, a 20-year-old art student. It's a very important topic, but it would distract from the protests." AP