Perceptions towards different groups This experiment focuses on your attitudes towards African Americans and European Americans. Brian O'Shea. PhD Student, University of Warwick. b.oshea@warwick.ac.uk

What is involved if you agree to participate? You will complete a questionnaire as well as a reaction time (RT) computer based task. The RT task involves you sorting pictures of African Americans, pictures of European Americans, positive words and negative words into categories. During the experiment you may also be exposed to images you may find disturbing or unpleasant. If you are not comfortable with these images you can terminate the experiment by closing the tab at any point. If you decide at any point you do not wish to continue the experiment please close the tab. You can email the above researcher to get a full debriefing if you decide to discontinue the experiment. The experiment takes about 8 minutes and must be completed in one sitting. Privacy & Confidentiality Participation is totally anonymous and data will be stored on the password-protected computers of the researcher named above. Your anonymized data may be shared with other researchers outside of the University of Warwick.

If you are over the age of 18 and happy to participate in this experiment, please check the box below before proceeding.When you check the box a pink "Start" button will appear. Click this to continue. I am happy to participate in this study. I am happy to participate in this study. Loading images: Start

Demographic Information Sex? Please select one Male Female Transgender Other Prefer not to say How old are you? Please select one Under 18 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 50 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 Over 100 Prefer not to say What is your race ? Please select one American Indian/ Alaska Native East Asian South Asian Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander Black or African American White Other or Unknown Multiracial Prefer not to say What is your current country/region of residence? Please Select one United States United Kingdom Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Congo, The Democratic Republic of The Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote D'ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Republic of Iraq Ireland Isle of Man Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Republic of Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Micronesia, Federated States of Moldova, Republic of Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory, Occupied Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and The Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and The South Sandwich Islands Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Taiwan, Province of China Tajikistan Tanzania, United Republic of Thailand Timor-leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States United States Minor Outlying Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Viet Nam Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, U.S. Wallis and Futuna Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Prefer not to say If you are in the U.S. what state are you currently in? Please Select one Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District Of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Outside these states Prefer not to say Please indicate the highest level of education that you have completed Please Select one Elementary school Junior High Some high school Some college Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Some graduate school Master's degree J.D. M.D. Ph.D. Other advanced degree M.B.A. Prefer not to say What is your political ideology? Please Select one Strongly Liberal Moderately Liberal Slightly Liberal Neutral Slightly Conservative Moderately Conservative Strongly Conservative Prefer not to say How religious are you? Please Select one Strongly Religious Moderately Religious Slightly Religious Not at all Religious Prefer not to say The continue button will only work when you answer all the questions. If you see "Please select one" in any of the drop down boxes you CANNOT continue Continue

Intergroup Scale If you are an African American you do not have to complete the questionnaire below I would feel nervous if I had to sit alone in a room with an African American and start a conversation. Please select one strongly agree slightly agree neither agree nor disagree slightly disagree strongly disagree Prefer not to say I just do not know what to expect from an African Americans. Please select one strongly agree slightly agree neither agree nor disagree slightly disagree strongly disagree Prefer not to say Although I do not consider myself to be racist, I do not know how to present myself around African Americans. Please select one strongly agree slightly agree neither agree nor disagree slightly disagree strongly disagree Prefer not to say My lack of knowledge about the African American culture prevents me from feeling completely comfortable around African Americans. Please select one strongly agree slightly agree neither agree nor disagree slightly disagree strongly disagree Prefer not to say I can interact with African Americans without experiencing much anxiety. Please select one strongly agree slightly agree neither agree nor disagree slightly disagree strongly disagree Prefer not to say If I were at a party, I would have no problem with starting a conversation with an African American. Please select one strongly agree slightly agree neither agree nor disagree slightly disagree strongly disagree Prefer not to say It makes me uncomfortable to bring up the topic of racism around African Americans. Please select one strongly agree slightly agree neither agree nor disagree slightly disagree strongly disagree Prefer not to say I experience little anxiety when I talk to African Americans. Please select one strongly agree slightly agree neither agree nor disagree slightly disagree strongly disagree Prefer not to say The cultural differences between African Americans and European Americans makes interactions between

African Americans and European Americans awkward. Please select one strongly agree slightly agree neither agree nor disagree slightly disagree strongly disagree Prefer not to say I would experience some anxiety if I were the only person in a room full of African Americans. Please select one strongly agree slightly agree neither agree nor disagree slightly disagree strongly disagree Prefer not to say I worry about coming across as a racist when I talk with African Americans. Please select one strongly agree slightly agree neither agree nor disagree slightly disagree strongly disagree Prefer not to say Please ensure you have selected an option for each question. You should NOT see "Please Select one" in any of the drop down boxes Continue

Please ensure you have carefully viewed all the pictures below as you will be asked about them later Only after 30 seconds have lapsed will a continue button appear at the end of the page







































A pink continue button will appear below here after 30 seconds of loading this page. Click on it to continue the experiment. Continue

Please ensure you have carefully viewed all the pictures below as you will be asked about them later. After 30 seconds of looking at the images a continue button will appear at the end of the page.









































A pink continue button will appear below here after 30 seconds of loading this page. Click on it to continue the experiment. Continue

Please ensure you have carefully viewed all the pictures below as you will be asked about them later. After 30 seconds of looking at the images a continue button will appear at the end of the page.









































Please ensure you have carefully viewed all the pictures below as you will be asked about them later. Only after 30 seconds have lapsed will a continue button appear at the end of the page.

A pink continue button will appear below here after one minute of loading this page. Click on it to continue the experiment. Continue

Please ensure you have carefully viewed all the pictures below as you will be asked about them later. After 30 seconds of looking at the images a continue button will appear at the end of the page.









































A pink continue button will appear below here after 30 seconds of loading this page. Click on it to continue the experiment. Continue

Instructions You will be presented with a set of words or images to classify into groups. Classify items as quickly as you can while making as few mistakes as possible. Going too slow or making too many mistakes will result in an uninterpretable score. The following is a list of category labels and the items that belong to each of those categories. Category Items Good Joy, Love, Peace, Wonderful, Pleasure, Glorious, Laughter, Happy Bad Agony, Terrible, Horrible, Nasty, Evil, Awful, Failure, Hurt African American Faces of African American People European American Faces of European American People Keep in mind: Keep your index fingers on the E and I keys to enable rapid response.



If you are using a touch-screen device, you can just tap the labels instead.

Two labels at the top will tell you which words or images go with each key.

Each word or image has a correct classification. Most of these are easy.

The test gives no results if you go slow—please try to go as fast as possible.

Expect to make a few mistakes because of going fast. That's OK.

For best results, avoid distractions and stay focused. I am ready to begin

X Press the Space Bar

Explicit Attitudes Which statement best describes you? Please select one I strongly prefer European Americans people to African Americans I moderately prefer European Americans to African Americans I slightly prefer European Americans to African Americans I like European Americans and African Americans equally I slightly prefer African Americans to European Americans I moderately prefer African Americans to European Americans I strongly prefer African Americans to European Americans Prefer not to say Please rate how warm or cold you feel towards the following groups

(0=coldest feelings, 5=neutral, 10=warmest feelings). African Americans Please select one 10 very warm 9 8 7 6 5 neutral 4 3 2 1 0 very cold Prefer not to say European Americans Please select one 10 very warm 9 8 7 6 5 neutral 4 3 2 1 0 very cold Prefer not to say Please ensure you have selected an option for each question. You should NOT see "Please Select one" in any of the drop down boxes Continue

You have completed the reaction time task. Please click the continue button to carry on with the experiment. Continue

Please select what the main content was of the images you saw previously Please select one Furniture & buildings Running & cycling Accidents & crashes Smoking & alcohol Diseases & Infections Education & work Prefer not to say The continue button will only work when you answer all the questions. If you see "Please select one" in any of the drop down boxes you CANNOT continue Continue

Disease scale (This is the last page) It really bothers me when people sneeze without covering their mouths. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say If an illness is 'going around', I will get it. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say I am comfortable sharing a water bottle with a friend. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say I don't like to write with a pencil someone else has obviously chewed on. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say My past experiences make me believe I am not likely to get sick even when my friends are sick. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say I have a history of susceptibility to infectious diseases. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say I prefer to wash my hands pretty soon after shaking someone's hand. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say In general, I am very susceptible to colds, flu, and other infectious diseases. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say I dislike wearing used clothes because you don't know what the past person who wore it was like. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say I am more likely than the people around me to catch an infectious disease. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say My hands do not feel dirty after touching money. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say I am unlikely to catch a cold, flu, or other illness, even if it is going around. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say It does not make me anxious to be around sick people. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say My immune system protects me from most illnesses that other people get. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say I avoid using public telephones because of the risk that I may catch something from the previous user. Please select one Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree Prefer not to say Please ensure you have selected an option for each question. You should NOT see "Please Select one" in any of the drop down boxes Continue