It's an excellent example of how competition drives performance. When Nvidia's GTX 970 arrived, the high-end graphics card market was blown apart. Factory overclocked examples traded blows with Nvidia's prior flagship - the GTX 780 Ti - and performance could be pushed further, bringing it into line with the top-end GTX 980. AMD's Radeon R9 290 and 290X suddenly looked excessively expensive and rather mediocre. Almost a year on and the red team has responded well: it has its limitations, but the performance can't be denied - the new R9 390 8GB is indeed faster than the GTX 970.

AMD's formula for challenging Nvidia's top-end cards is simple enough. The existing Hawaii chips used in R9 290 and 290X are utilised here, receiving an overclock to the GPU core, while the GDDR5 memory modules are replaced with faster, more capable parts with 500gbps of additional bandwidth. It's a simple recipe for success that extracts just enough additional performance on the Radeon R9 390X to make it a contender in its price range, and the formula is arguably even more effective on the R9 390, delivering impressive results up against the GTX 970.

In essence then, the performance is there but it comes at a cost: the Hawaii chip now generates even more heat than it did previously, meaning quite remarkable levels of power consumption. Secondly, dissipating that heat requires a substantial cooling assembly. For our R9 390 8GB review, we're assessing the new Asus DirectCU 3 model - the top-end cooler the company produces, based on top-of-the-line components and boasting beautiful build quality. In fact, it's the exact same set-up used on the firm's R9 Fury card, the difference being that the less capable R9 390 actually produces more heat than AMD's slightly cut-down flagship.

Radeon R9 390 8GB specs AMD's recipe to take on GTX 970? Take the R9 290, upclock the core, increase memory speed by 500MHz and double memory allocation to 8GB. Asus - who provided our sample - have gone one step further by adding a further 50MHz to the core. The biggest jump in the spec comes on the memory side. The extra four gigs is mostly under-utilised, but AMD switched to faster Hynix chips to facilitate the faster memory clocks. Stream Processors: 2560

2560 Compute Units: 40

40 Clock Speed: 1000MHz (1050MHz factory OC)

1000MHz (1050MHz factory OC) Texture Units: 160

160 ROPs: 64

64 Memory: 8GB GDDR5

8GB GDDR5 Memory Interface: 512-bit

512-bit Memory Speed: 6.0gpbs

6.0gpbs TDP: 275W

275W Fabrication Process: 28nm Pricing for the R9 390 is around £250-£270 - ballpark GTX 970 money, with highly competitive performance and double the RAM - all of it running at the same high speed, unlike the GTX 970's strange split-pool memory set-up.

And that's really where the inevitable GTX 970 comparisons should begin. The Nvidia card basically comes in virtually every shape and size available - the model we use is a tiny Zotac version. That product has a miniscule factory overclock (+25MHz to the core), but is more notable for its diminutive dimensions, allowing it to fit inside most of the mini-ITX gaming cases available. We've also had hands-on experience of the MSI Gaming 4G model - very much a standard size GPU, but with the overclocking headroom available to let the product trade blows with a GTX 980, something that the R9 390 is unlikely to be capable of in the majority of games.

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In short - while the bulk of this review will centre on the performance, surrounding factors need to be taken into account before we go on. It's bigger and much more power-hungry than the GTX 970 (especially when you venture into overclocking territory), and pumps out a lot more heat, so go into a prospective R9 390 purchase with your eyes open: you need a decent power supply to accompany this card, and decent airflow within the chassis is an absolute must. In these respects, the GTX 970 is a lot more forgiving.

Of course, the AMD challenger does have one additional advantage that shouldn't be overlooked - the inclusion of 8GB of RAM compared to the 3.5/4GB split memory pool set-up of the GTX 970. We won't spend too much time dissecting this (we've done that already) but if you have any VRAM anxiety, whether it's doubts on Nvidia's GTX 970 configuration, or if you want to future-proof yourself from a memory perspective, the R9 390 can't be ignored - especially when performance is this good.

How good? Well, the time-honoured Crysis 3 1080p60 gameplay challenge gives us our first 'real world' indication of the noticeable difference between the R9 390, the GTX 970 and its R9 290 predecessor (our card is a reference model, with fans at a deafening 80 per cent to rule out potential throttling issues). The R9 390 gets very close to providing a properly locked 1080p60 experience, dropping just 156 frames out of an 18,650 sample. It's up there with the R9 390X and edges out GTX 970 while positively shaming the old R9 290.

This content is hosted on an external platform, which will only display it if you accept targeting cookies. Please enable cookies to view. Manage cookie settings The new R9 390 and 390X square off against the GTX 980 and the R9 290 in a bid to see which cards can play a maxed-out Crysis 3 at as close to a locked, tear-free 1080p60 as possible.

Crysis 3 1080p V-Sync Gameplay R9 390 R9 390X GTX 970 R9 290 Lowest Frame-Rate 50.0fps 47.0fps 44.0fps 34.0fps Dropped Frames (from 18650 total) 156 (0.8%) 107 (0.6%) 465 (2.5%) 1347 (7.2%)

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Initial benchmark results at 1080p appear to show that the R9 390 is much of a muchness compared to the Nvidia rival it is designed to supplant. There are convincing wins in AMD favourites Far Cry 4, Ryse and Shadow of Mordor (both around 18 per cent faster) and a decent boost in Crysis 3, but it's slower in Tomb Raider and The Witcher 3. The results are so close we creep into the margin of error on Battlefield 4 and Assassin's Creed Unity. On aggregate, the R9 390 moves ahead of its Nvidia competitor, but only thanks to those three commanding wins on games that historically favour AMD hardware. Bearing in mind its sheer overclockability and how easy it is to unlock that 'free' performance, we'd say that the GTX 970 has the edge at 1080p, where its controversial memory arrangement is unlikely to cause problems - but of course, some gamers don't trust overclocking and prefer to stay at stock speeds.

Comparisons with the R9 390X are revealing. Far Cry 4 runs in a virtually indistinguishable manner, while every game we tested brings home results that see the R9 390 deliver around 93 per cent of the performance of its more expensive sibling. Bearing in mind that the 390X is £100 more expensive, that's quite a remarkable state of affairs and while you may find yourself encountering overheating or stability problems, much of that deficit can be clawed back via overclocking - if you can cope with even higher power consumption and more heat.

Overall then, it's an encouraging start for the R9 390 - 1080p gameplay is the GTX 970's heartland, the area in which it defeated the R9 290 and 290X so comprehensively, and the new R9 390 pulls off the same trick. With all AMD cards tested on the driver released for the 300 series, we see that the hardware enhancements alone account of a 13 per cent boost in performance over the R9 290 and a six point lead over the 290X. There may not be a knockout blow against the GTX 970 here - particularly when decent examples overclock up to GTX 980 levels in many cases - but clearly AMD's new alternative is competitive.

This content is hosted on an external platform, which will only display it if you accept targeting cookies. Please enable cookies to view. Manage cookie settings By and large, the R9 390 is faster at 1080p, but the aggregate average advantage it has is mostly down to its convincing wins in Ryse, Shadow of Mordor and Far Cry 4.

1920x1080 (1080p) R9 390 R9 390X GTX 970 GTX 980 R9 290 R9 290X The Witcher 3, Ultra, HairWorks Off, Custom AA 53.8 57.4 56.0 65.8 47.4 50.5 Battlefield 4, Ultra, 4x MSAA 74.1 78.3 74.6 86.5 64.8 69.0 Crysis 3, Very High, SMAA 75.1 80.1 71.4 81.5 65.1 69.7 Assassin's Creed Unity, Ultra High, FXAA 51.6 56.0 51.7 62.4 46.2 50.0 Far Cry 4, Ultra, SMAA 82.1 82.4 77.4 87.4 70.9 75.0 Ryse: Son of Rome, High, SMAA 76.6 81.8 65.1 76.1 69.9 74.5 Shadow of Mordor, Ultra, High Textures, FXAA 95.2 101.9 80.8 91.7 84.5 89.4 Tomb Raider, Ultimate, FXAA 100.4 107.1 102.4 118.2 88.6 97.9

If you've been following the great AMD vs Nvidia battle at the top tier over the last couple of years, you can probably guess what happens next. AMD's Hawaii-based cards come with a wide 512-bit memory interface, up against the 256-bit bus of the Nvidia Maxwell cards in this sector - the GTX 970 and the GTX 980. As resolution scales upwards, the importance of that hardware element becomes more apparent.

The R9 390 is a good card for 1440p gameplay, and it demonstrates this by taking point on every benchmark (each run at the exact same settings as the 1080p equivalents, where the GTX 970 was more competitive). The gap between the newcomer and the GTX 970 varies on a per game basis: The Witcher 3 and Battlefield 4 barely scrap by with a two to three per cent boost, but other wins are more impressive. Far Cry, Ryse and Shadow of Mordor show gains over 20 per cent, Crysis 3 at 13 per cent and Assassin's Creed Unity and Tomb Raider at five per cent.

At this point, you might expect the GTX 970 to rely on its remarkable overclocking potential to win through. Well, it certainly makes it more competitive in most games, but the effectiveness of its overclocking depends on its dynamic boost clock, which varies from game to game. Crysis 3 with an overclock still can't match the R9 390 at its stock speeds, while Battlefield 4 with the same OC can see it power beyond both R9 390 and 390X, even going toe to toe with the GTX 980.

This content is hosted on an external platform, which will only display it if you accept targeting cookies. Please enable cookies to view. Manage cookie settings The R9 390 does a decent job of overtaking the GTX 970 at 1440p resolution. Its improvements over GTX 970 vary on a game by game basis, and more aggressively overclocked GTX 970s will get closer.

2560x1440 (1440p) R9 390 R9 390X GTX 970 GTX 980 R9 290 R9 290X The Witcher 3, Ultra, HairWorks Off, Custom AA 40.3 43.5 39.2 47.5 35.6 38.2 Battlefield 4, Ultra, 4x MSAA 51.7 54.5 48.9 57.0 44.2 47.2 Crysis 3, Very High, SMAA 48.7 52.3 43.0 50.0 42.0 44.8 Assassin's Creed Unity, Ultra High, FXAA 35.5 38.4 32.8 39.7 31.4 34.4 Far Cry 4, Ultra, SMAA 64.7 69.0 53.9 61.3 52.9 57.5 Ryse: Son of Rome, High, SMAA 57.5 62.2 46.3 54.1 52.0 55.9 Shadow of Mordor, Ultra, High Textures, FXAA 69.2 74.4 57.0 66.0 61.6 65.9 Tomb Raider, Ultimate, FXAA 69.0 75.7 65.5 76.7 61.3 67.2

As always, 4K turns out to be something of a double-edged sword for AMD hardware. On the one hand, this is where the bandwidth advantages of the Hawaii card set-ups come to the fore, especially so in these new 300 series overclocked renditions, but on the other hand, there's still the sense that there's just not enough rendering power to bring home both the insane pixel count and the visual effects we want to see at decent frame-rates in modern titles. It's a choice between one or the other really. We've posted frame-rate averages here in these benchmarks, but it's worth pointing out that on four titles - AC Unity, Crysis 3, Ryse and The Witcher 3 - frame-rates dip at their lowest below 30fps, even though we've dropped settings down 'one notch' from the 1080p and 1440p tests.

But the reality is that the R9 390 offers some remarkable boosts over the GTX 970. Factor out the 'mere' seven per cent lead in Battlefield 4 (a title Nvidia aggressively optimised to compete against the now deprecated Mantle) and the smallest lead is 14 per cent with Assassin's Creed Unity, while the largest sees both Far Cry 4 and Ryse operate 36 per cent faster. To conclude, 4K benchmarks give AMD an opportunity to comprehensively bash GTX 970 over the head with some big increases, but let's be clear - the practical application of these GPUs at 4K on recent PC titles is fairly limited.

Perhaps the real question here isn't whether the R9 390 should be competing with GTX 970 (in actual fact, it's challenging the GTX 980 here), but whether two cards in CrossFire might be a better option than the R9 Fury X. Certainly there wouldn't be the VRAM anxiety you'd get with 4GB of memory for high-end 4K gameplay. However, the challenge there is of a more practical nature: both R9 390 and 390X are two of the hottest graphics cards we've ever tested - the DirectCU 3 cooler does an excellent job in dissipating the heat from the core, but you still need to get all of that heat out of the chassis. You'll need a meaty power supply, and a big chassis with plenty of fans.

This content is hosted on an external platform, which will only display it if you accept targeting cookies. Please enable cookies to view. Manage cookie settings At 4K resolution, the refreshed Hawaii cards post their biggest increases over Nvidia's second-gen Maxwells, but in truth, none of these products have the raw power to provide satisfying ultra HD gameplay on modern titles at very high settings.

3840x2160 (4K) R9 390 R9 390X GTX 970 GTX 980 R9 290 R9 290X The Witcher 3, High, HairWorks Off, Custom AA 26.8 29.1 22.8 27.7 23.7 26.1 Battlefield 4, High, Post-AA 42.3 44.5 39.5 46.8 37.2 39.6 Crysis 3, High, SMAA 38.5 40.2 31.9 39.0 33.8 36.1 Assassin's Creed Unity, Very High, FXAA 21.0 22.7 18.4 21.8 17.7 18.7 Far Cry 4, Very High, SMAA 40.8 44.4 30.0 36.1 34.2 37.4 Ryse: Son of Rome, Normal, SMAA 35.0 37.8 25.7 31.5 31.2 34.0 Shadow of Mordor, High, High Textures, FXAA 43.8 50.1 35.3 42.4 41.0 44.8 Tomb Raider, Ultra, FXAA 46.6 51.4 39.0 47.1 41.3 45.9

In our Radeon R9 390X review, we shied away from overclocking owing to the extreme levels of power consumption and heat generated when you really pushed the envelope. It's a similar state of affairs here, particularly when Asus has already applied a 50MHz factory overclock. In combination with our 4.6GHz CPU OC, pushing clocks to 1150MHz with the R9 390 caused the system to hit 560W in overall power consumption (!), and we had real trouble getting any kind of stability with the card, requiring us to drop clocks in increments to see how far it could go without crashing. Temperatures were nightmarish too - if we're hitting 85 degrees Celsius with the DirectCU 3 cooler in an open air test-bed, we're going to have problems.

We were finally stable at 1100MHz - (100MHz over reference, 50MHz over the factory overclock). That's a relatively small boost, but it is supplemented by a meaty 600MHz boost to the 8GB of onboard GDDR5. However, that translates to a mere five to seven per cent boost over the factory OC clocks overall. The GTX 970 has much more to offer of course, depending on the game, and there's a night and day difference in terms of efficiency.

Power consumption figures below illustrate starkly how AMD was able to catch up with Nvidia - under load in the same conditions, both at stock and overclocked, the R9 390 consumes a lot more power and emits much more heat: anything from 170W to 190W. That's immense.

Power consumption and heat generation are the big challenges facing R9 390 and indeed 390X. You can overclock these cards, but not by much (if you're looking for stability across your library of games). This scene from Crysis 3 is great for testing overclock stability and peak power draw during gameplay.

R9 390 R9 390 OC GTX 970 GTX 970 OC Peak System Power Draw 447W 486W 277W 291W