The ruling against an officer in a shooting is a rare one by a widely criticized agency in the midst of upheaval since the McDonald shooting. Of more than 400 shootings by Chicago police since IPRA's inception a decade ago, the agency found that an officer used unreasonable force in only seven cases, including Farmer's. Five of those rulings have come since IPRA's current chief administrator, Sharon Fairley, took over the agency in December 2015.