Paris

WHAT is the proper term to refer to those of you who live in the United States of America? The word “American” is so deeply embedded in your nation’s identity that it may seem curious to you that there could be any discussion about it, but some people — in Latin America, for example — find it offensive, while others, including some in France, simply find it imprecise.

“Américain” (in French the ethnonym is capitalized, the adjective is lower case) is a word with many meanings, depending on context: “américains” applies to all Américains (from the United States), yet all Américains (from North and South America) are not necessarily américains.

That’s why “Américain,” which first appeared in French as early as the 16th century and is applicable to groups other than just the inhabitants of the United States (in contrast to Canadien, Mexicain, Argentin, etc.), has a certain unsatisfactory quality about it, and it would be preferable to find something more precise. The French do use certain diminutives — like “Ricains” (first attestation in 1918), “Amerlos” (1936) and “Amerloques” (1945) — that refer to only the United States, but the news media can’t use them; they aren’t necessarily hostile but they did take on a pejorative tinge during the cold war.

Image Credit... Alan Dye

Helpfully, though, in Quebec about six decades ago the word États-Unien, derived from the French for United States, États-Unis, was born. Its spread was modest at first, but today it’s frequent in the news media, and there’s even a radio program here that uses it exclusively. In ordinary conversation, though, the French still say “Américains.” A recent occurrence of “États-Uniens” (though far from the first) on the Web site of our newspaper, Le Monde, provoked the ire of readers who saw anti-American and anti-globalist sentiment behind it.