Qualcomm announced that through a collaboration with Microsoft, its next generation ARM-based chips would be able to run legacy Win32 programs. If the effort were successful, Qualcomm and other ARM chipmakers would suddenly become a much bigger threat to Intel's PC chip monopoly. Qualcomm also recently announced the world's first 10nm 48-core ARM-based server chip. If Microsoft decides to offer Windows Server flavors for ARM servers it could present even more problems for Intel.

ARM And Windows

So far, Microsoft has attempted to get developers to write new applications that were compatible with both the ARM and x86 architectures through its Universal Windows Platform. However, the two operating systems that were supposed to make ARM appealing to developers - Windows Phone/Mobile and Windows RT - both failed with consumers.



The two operating systems, and especially Windows RT, had a chicken and egg problem with apps. Consumers wouldn’t buy the devices running them because there weren’t enough apps to make it worthwhile, and developers didn’t build more apps because there wasn’t really a market for them.

With AMD being on a strong decline in the past few years, Intel needed more competition. It looked like ARM would be able to provide that competition, at least in terms of offering competitive chip performance at low power levels.

However, without those chips also being able to run most existing Windows programs, the game was over before it even started. If Microsoft could somehow make x86 apps work on ARM chips well enough, then ARM chipmakers would suddenly be able to build notebooks that are competitive in every way to the Intel-based ones. The ARM-based notebooks would probably have to start at the lower end of the spectrum, but that also happens to include a big portion of the market.

It now looks like Microsoft is going to make it so that ARM chips can run all x86 programs, starting next year.

Qualcomm, First To Emulate Win32 Programs

Qualcomm said that devices based on its next-generation processors would give users the “full Windows experience.” It then specifically mentioned that its chips would be able to run both UWP apps and Win32 legacy programs through emulation.

“Qualcomm Snapdragon processors offer one of the world’s most advanced mobile computing features, including Gigabit LTE connectivity, advanced multimedia support, machine learning and superior hardware security features, all while supporting thin, fan-less designs and long battery life,” said Cristiano Amon, executive vice president, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and President, QCT. “With full compatibility with the Windows 10 ecosystem, the Qualcomm Snapdragon platform is expected to support mobility to cloud computing and redefine how people will use their compute devices,” he added.

The ARM ecosystem isn’t nearly as standardized as the x86 ecosystem is, mainly because there are so many more competitors, but also because ARM itself wants to give chipmakers some liberty to further customize ARM-based chips, which creates some incompatibility between the chips. Because of the scattered compatibility matrix, Microsoft will likely not be able to support x86 emulation on all ARM chips at first.

The company may also start out with not just a select few chipmakers, but likely with only a few ARM chip models, too. That’s because of the lack of standardization, but also because the first ARM notebooks that can emulate x86 applications will need to have enough performance to run smoothly.

ARM chips have attained notebook-class performance over the past few years already, proven not just by a handful of ARM-based Chromebooks and by Apple's increasingly more powerful "PC-class" ARM chips, but also by Intel itself. Intel replaced the Core architecture in the lower-end Celeron and Pentium chips with the Atom architecture. Atom, which has similar performance to higher-end ARM chips, was getting good enough to be used in lower-end notebooks (and because it costs Intel less to make Atom chips than it does for Core chips).

However, despite high-end ARM chips now being able to offer a reasonably good desktop computing experience when running native platforms, it remains to be seen if the same will remain true for the x86 emulation. How fast and efficient the emulation is will largely depend on Microsoft’s implementation.

Qualcomm said that the first devices to use its ARM chips and emulate legacy Windows programs would be available in the second half of 2017.