The mayor summoned journalists to his City Hall office for a pair of interviews on Tuesday afternoon, only hours before he was to leave New York for a weeklong family vacation to the Southwest. He said he had finally run out of patience with Mr. Cuomo, who has been widely viewed as being an obstacle to the mayor’s agenda since Mr. de Blasio took office in 2014.

“We will not play these games,” Mr. de Blasio said, adding that Mr. Cuomo’s behavior was “not anything like acceptable government practice, and I think people all over the state are coming to the same conclusion.”

The governor’s office responded with a two-sentence statement that carried its own subtle sting.

“For those new to the process, it takes coalition-building and compromise to get things done in government,” the governor’s spokeswoman, Melissa DeRosa, wrote in an email.

She added: “We wish the mayor well on his vacation.”

Already this year, the feud between the men has affected the fate of millions of dollars’ worth of real estate development, taxes and mass transit financing in the State Legislature. The session ended with few major achievements, and Mr. Cuomo all but admitted last week that he had given anonymous quotes to the press that dismissed Mr. de Blasio as bumbling and inept.