Many of the foreign respondents — a median of 50 percent of the people surveyed — indicated they continued to have a favorable view of the United States. But only a median of 27 percent of those surveyed said they had confidence in Mr. Trump, compared with a median of 70 percent who reported lacking confidence in him.

Mr. Trump’s ratings were worse than those of President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia, who had a 30 percent confidence rating, or President Xi Jinping of China, who had a 34 percent confidence rating.

“It is difficult for any administration to succeed in its foreign policy if we lose the battle of public opinion around the world,” said R. Nicholas Burns, the third-highest-ranking diplomat during the administration of George W. Bush.

Messages sent to representatives at the White House and the State Department seeking comment were not immediately responded to on Monday.

Many of the results are unsurprising. Mr. Trump has adopted explicitly nationalistic trade and foreign policies, and he has often complained that the rest of the world has been taking advantage of the United States or has relied for too long on an American security umbrella with little or no compensation.