Bob can then encrypt the actual message and the Salt using the MAPPs public Key and send the message off chain to the MAPP.

The MAPP receives the encrypted message and decrypts the message using its Private Key to see the Message and Salt value

The MAPP then puts the message and Salt through a hashing function to calculate its Digest value

The Transaction details along with the Digest are retrieved from the blockchain and compares it to the value the MAPP has calculated based on the received message. If they match it is seen as Valid and removes the Salt value that was appended to the message.

By adding the Digest as metadata of a blockchain transaction it also benefits from the same features / security that they receive in addition to others such as Privacy:

Identification — Bob is identified by the Public Key of their sending wallet.

Authentication — Authentication is achieved by Bob encrypting the Hash of the transaction details with his private key to create the digital signature.

Non-Repudiation — as only Bob has access to his private key it can be stated that the message was compliant with the will of the entities that have signed it and could not refute signing the message.

Integrity — Hashing verifies that the transaction data hasn’t been modified but also by including the Digest of the Message as metadata it validates that the message that is sent out of chain has not been modified as well.

Privacy — As the message is not stored on the blockchain and just a Hash of the message and salt then users are able to share messages / transfer Data / Digital Assets privately even over permissionless blockchains such as Ethereum and Bitcoin. This also means that it is compliant with Regulation such as the EU’s GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation).

Immutability — By storing the Digest on a blockchain, it makes it extremely difficult for someone to modify the Hash stored on the blockchain.

High Availability — Blockchains provide an extremely resilient infrastructure so that the Digest is always available when needed. The data can be compared against the Digest stored on the blockchain to ensure it hasn’t been modified even after years after initially receiving it.

Interoperability — This can be used to send Data between two Non-Blockchain applications. Send Data across multiple blockchains for multi chain smart contracts (Treaty Contracts). As well as providing Oracle services where Data offchain can be used for smart contracts on a blockchain.

Oracles

An Oracle provides connectivity between Non-Blockchain systems and blockchains with the ability for smart contracts to use data retrieved from external sources.

Many of the challenges in constructing secure oracles arise from the fact that existing data sources don’t digitally sign the data they serve. If they did, then oracles would not need to be trusted to refrain from tampering with data

This is what Overledger provides. It enables data to be signed at source to provide the most secure and trusted method where you don’t have to Trust 3rd party oracles with Data / Requests, validating the data and then for the oracles to sign a transaction confirming its correct. Instead the data is signed at source and the Hash of the data is stored on any blockchain (Public, Private, DAG etc) to provide integrity, non-repudiation and immutability.

Data from multiple sources can be aggregated together in a treaty contract as well as the ability to then use that data across multiple blockchains all from the same treaty contract. The actual data is encrypted and send directly to the MAPP to be used by the treaty contract. Overledger can’t decrypt the data / nor does it have to, it’s simply passing the encrypted data to the MAPP and retrieving the associated blockchain transaction that was signed by the source so that the MAPP can validate it.

Tokenisation and Privacy

As discussed, Quant will allow the tokenisation of Assets to be stored on a blockchain by assigning digital fingerprints to them. Utilising the built in Zero-knowledge proof capability built in will allow Enterprise and developers to safely use public permissionless blockchains, keeping privacy and compliance to regulation like GDPR. It’s a huge deal for a risk-averse enterprise to be able to safely connect their private permissioned blockchains to public and permissionless blockchains.

Another benefit would be the ability to track an asset all the way through the supply chain and verify its origins. This is useful not only for a consumer to verify a product is genuine but also if a manufacturer needs to track where an item has come from. As its very likely that there will be multiple different Supply chain blockchains used through the entire supply chain there is a need to be able to transfer and interoperate between them which is what Overledger will allow.