Afghanistan's opium production surged this year to record levels, despite international efforts over the past decade to wean the country off the narcotics trade, according to a report released Wednesday by the U.N.'s drug control agency.

The harvest this past May resulted in a massive 6,060 tons of opium, 49 percent higher than last year and more than the combined output of the rest of the world. Even Afghan provinces with some past successes in combating poppy cultivation saw those trends reversed, according to this year's annual U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) report.

The withdrawal of foreign troops from Afghanistan next year is likely to lead to even higher production, according to Jean-Luc Lemahieu, the UNODC's regional representative in Kabul. He said that as international assistance falls off, the Afghan government will become increasingly reliant on illicit sources of income. Uncertainty is also driving up poppy production, as farmers worried about the country's future find it a reliable source for income.

The big increase in production began in 2010, when farmers rushed to plant to take advantage of soaring prices — the result of a crop disease the previous year, the U.S. military surge in the south and the announcement of the U.S. and NATO's transition out of Afghanistan, Lemahieu said.

Lemahieu said those who benefit from the drug trade include farmers, insurgents and many within the government. Often, he said, they work together.

Khan Bacha, who cultivates a small plot of land in the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar, a Taliban stronghold, told The Associated Press this week that the insurgents charge farmers a "religious tax" of 1 kilogram of opium for every 10 kilograms produced — though the price is "negotiable."

"They say we are going for jihad," Bacha said. "It is the God money we give."

Past attempts by the international community to combat opium cultivation have included introducing alternative crops and paying farmers in some areas not to plant poppies. That backfired when farmers elsewhere started growing poppies in the hopes of getting money if they stopped.

Cultivation also appears to be spreading to new parts of the country — with Afghans planting poppies in some 516,450 acres across 17 provinces this year, compared with 380,540 acres in 15 provinces in 2012, according to the report.

The vast majority of the country's poppy cultivation takes place in the south, southwest and east, areas where the Taliban insurgency is thriving. But Kabul province in central Afghanistan saw a major spike: a 148 percent increase in cultivation between 2012 and 2013.

Despite painting the picture in the country in quite negative terms, the report did say Afghanistan has expanded its social services to deal with a growing addiction problem at home.

"These are tangible and hopeful signs of improvement," the report said.

There are roughly 1 million drug addicts in Afghanistan, 15 percent of whom are women and children, said Kanishka Turkistan, spokesman for the Ministry of Public Health.

The Associated Press