A volcano to the south of the Philippine capital of Manila spewed ash and steam for a second day and pushed out fountains of lava, with authorities warning a larger eruption could occur and send deadly clouds surging over land at high speeds.

More than 13,000 people have been evacuated from the area surrounding Taal Volcano, said Mark Timbal, a spokesman for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. In some places, the falling ash from the eruptions was so severe that vehicles carrying locals out of the...