Archaeological discoveries made south of Luxor in Egypt in 2009 suggest the existence of a vast menagerie of animals. 112 creatures in total, including elephants, wildcats, baboons, hartebeests (antelopes), and hippos dating back to 3500 bc. The zoo--likely to have been privately owned as the animals were buried in an elite cemetery--was unearthed during excavations of the ancient settlement of Hierakonpolis. Not only can Hierakonpolis be considered the first zoo, but very significantly, the animals were given special treatment in death; some were covered with linen, and buried with pottery and other artifacts. Dr. Renee Friedman, head of the archaeological dig, says that this menagerie--this zoo--was actually meant to show human power over animals and that the critters were sacrificed. There was a spiritual aspect as it was believed that by controlling the animals, the ruler would then embody their physical prowess and strength.

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