WASHINGTON—The White House said it won’t cooperate with the House impeachment probe and the administration blocked the deposition of a U.S. ambassador seen as central to the Ukraine controversy, marking clear battle lines in the fight between President Trump and Democratic lawmakers.

House committees responded by subpoenaing Gordon Sondland, the U.S. ambassador to the European Union, after the State Department early on Tuesday directed him not to appear for his planned testimony.

Later...