It’s a shameful fact that even common sense gun laws have failed to pass in Congress in recent years, despite supposed support from the vast majority of Americans, according to polls. But now that some of the very U.S. senators who voted in favor of gun reform are running for president in the 2020 Democratic primary: what, exactly, do they plan to do about gun violence?

For many, the issue hits all too close to home: according to an estimate by ABC News, “only one of the nearly two dozen major Democratic presidential candidates has not seen a mass shooting take place in their state while in office: Rep. Tulsi Gabbard of Hawaii.”

All who have stated positions on gun reform support the basic recommendations of universal background checks and a ban on assault weapons. But where the candidates’ stances differ may be a function of their roots: New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker, the former mayor of Newark, a city inordinately impacted by gun violence, proposes the strictest plan, while Sen. Amy Klobuchar of the purple state of Minnesota, backs so-called “common-sense reform,” but also considers the effect on her deer-hunting uncle. Sen. Bernie Sanders, who was criticized in the 2016 race for voting against background checks in the 90s while representing the rural state of Vermont, has now made it clear that he emphatically supports them.

Many 2020 Dems aren’t mincing words in their framing of the crisis, condemning gun violence as a “national epidemic” and a “public health emergency.” And while there is much overlap in their stances, they range from gun licensing to “James Bond”-style gun tech disruption to buy-backs. Ahead, a summary of where the candidates currently polling in the top 10 stand of the 23 Democrats running for president:

Bernie Sanders - “Bernie believes we can and will end the epidemic of gun violence in this country,” a campaign spokesperson tells Vogue. Sanders’s proposals include “instant universal background checks,” closing the gun show loophole, and taking on the National Rifle Association: “The NRA has become a partisan lobbying public-relations entity for gun manufacturers,” Sanders says. “Its influence must be stopped.” NRA Rating (2016): D-

Cory Booker - The New Jersey senator boldly proposes what he calls “the most comprehensive gun violence prevention plan of any candidate for president in decades." Its hallmark: A federal gun licensing system that would certify people to buy and own guns. “If you need a license to drive a car,” Booker says, “you should need a license to own a gun.” NRA Rating: F