An Introduction to BioMEMS and Bionanotechnology

BioMEMS and Bionanotechnology have the potential to make significant impact in a wide range of fields and applications. This lecture series introduces the basic concepts and topics underlying the interdisciplinary areas of BioMEMS and Bionanotechnology. Advances in this field require the knowledge of polymer processing and soft lithography in addition to silicon-inspired fabrication. Since the primary aim of many of these devices and systems is to form sensors for biological and chemical entities, an introduction to DNA, proteins, and microbiology is also essential. These devices and systems are designed to handle fluids at these small scale and hence the basic concepts of microfluidics need to be reviewed. Means to transport fluids and biological entities in these devices are necessary for the proper functioning and design of integrated devices, that can perform complete analysis on biological and chemical samples. These key topics are reviewed in this lecture series to equip the listener to get engaged deeper in these exciting areas of research.

Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics

Lectures contain:

Lecture 1: Energy Level Diagram; Lecture 2: What Makes Electrons Flow?; Lecture 3: Quantum of Conductance; Lecture 4: Charging Effects 1; Lecture 5: Charging Effects 2; Lecture 6: Charging Effect, Towards Ohm's Law; Lecture 7: Hydrogen Atom; Lecture 8: Schrödinger Equation 1; Lecture 9: Schrödinger Equation 2; Lecture 10: Finite Difference Method 1; Lecture 11: Finite Difference Method 2; Lecture 12: Separation of Variables; Lecture 13: Atomic Energy Levels; Lecture 14: Covalent Bonds; Lecture 15a: Basis Functions 1; Lecture 15b: Basis Functions 2; Lecture 15c: Basis Functions 3; Lecture 16: Bandstructure 1; Lecture 17: Bandstructure 2; Lecture 18: Bandstructure 3; Lecture 19: Bandstructure 4; Lecture 20: Reciprocal Lattice; Lecture 21: Graphene Bandstructure; Lecture 22: Carbon Nanotubes; Lecture 23: Subbands; Lecture 24: Density of States; Lecture 25: Density of States: General Approach; Lecture 26: Density of States in Nanostructures; Lecture 27: Minimum Resistance of a Wire 1; Lecture 28: Minimum Resistance of a Wire 2; Lecture 29: Effective Mass Equation; Lecture 30: Quantum Capacitance; Lecture 31: Broadening; Lecture 32: Broadening and Lifetime; Lecture 33: Local Density of States; Lecture 34: Current/Voltage Characteristics; Lecture 35: Transmission; Lecture 36: Coherent Transport; Lecture 37: Wavefunction versus Green's Function; Lecture 38: Ohm's Law; Lecture 39: Coulomb Blockade

Abstract:

The development of "nanotechnology" has made it possible to engineer material and devices on a length scale as small as several nanometers (atomic distances are ~ 0.1 nm). The properties of such "nanostructures" cannot be described in terms of macroscopic parameters like mobility or diffusion coefficient and a microscopic or atomistic viewpoint is called for. The purpose of this course is to convey the conceptual framework that underlies this microscopic viewpoint using examples related to the emerging field of nanoelectronics.

Computational NanoElectronics



Lectures contain:

Introduction to Computational Electronics; Simplified Band-Structure Model; Empirical Pseudopotential Method Description; Choice of the Distribution Function; Relaxation-Time Approximation; Scattering Mechanisms; Numerical Analysis; Drift-Diffusion Model, Part A: Introduction; Drift-Diffusion Model, Part B: Solution Details; Drift-Diffusion Model, Part C: Sharfetter-Gummel, Time-Dependent Simulations; Drift-Diffusion Model, Mobility Modeling; Introduction to DD Modeling with PADRE; Introduction to Silvaco Simulation Software; MOS Capacitors: Description and Semiclassical Simulation With PADRE; What is CMOS Technology Facing?

Abstract:

Scaling of CMOS devices into the nanometer regime leads to increased processing cost. In this regard, the field of Computational Electronics is becoming more and more important because device simulation offers unique possibility to test hypothetical devices which have not been fabricated yet and it also gives unique insight into the device behavior by allowing the observation of phenomena that can not be measured on real devices. The of this class is to introduce the students to all semi-classical semiconductor device modeling techniques that are implemented in either commercial or publicly available software. As such, it should help students to understand when one can use drift-diffusion model and when it is necessary to use hydrodynamic, lattice heating, and even particle-based simulations. A short tutorial on using the Silvaco/PADRE simulation software is included and its purpose is to make users familiar with the syntax used in almost all commercial device simulation software.

Nanoscale Transistors



Lectures contain:

Introductory Lecture (Fall 06); Lecture 1: MOSFET Review; Lecture 2: Introduction to Device Simulation; Lecture 3: 1D MOS Electrostatics; Lecture 4: MOS Capacitors; Lecture 5: Poly Si Gate MOS Capacitors; Lecture 6: Quantum Mechanical Effects; Lecture 7: MOSFET IV, Part I; Lecture 8: MOSFET IV, Part II; Lecture 9: MOSFET IV, Part III; Lecture 10: The Ballistic MOSFET; Lecture 11: The Quasi-ballistic MOSFET; Lecture 12: Subthreshold Conduction; Lecture 13: Threshold Voltage and MOSFET Capacitances; Lecture 14: Effective Mobility; Lecture 15: 2D Electrostatics, Part I; Lecture 16: 2D Electrostatics, Part II; The Limits of CMOS Scaling from a Power-Constrained Technology Optimization Perspective; Lecture 17: Device Scaling; Lecture 18: VT Engineering; Lecture 19: Series Resistance; Lecture 20: MOSFET Leakage; Lecture 21: Gate resistance and Interconnects; Lecture 22: CMOS Process Steps; Lecture 23: CMOS Process Flow; Lecture 24: CMOS Circuits, Part I; Lecture 25: CMOS Circuits, Part I I; Lecture 26: CMOS Limits; Lecture 27: RF CMOS; Lecture 28: Overview of SOI Technology; Lecture 29: SOI Electrostatics; Lecture 30: UTB SOI Electrostatics; Lecture 31: Heterostructure Fundamentals; Lecture 32: Heterojunction Diodes; Lecture 33: Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors; Lecture 34: Heterostructure FETs.

Abstract:

This course examines the device physics of advanced transistors and the process, device, circuit, and systems considerations that enter into the development of new integrated circuit technologies. The course consists of three parts. Part 1 treats MOS and MOSFET fundamentals as well as second order effects such as gate leakage and quantum mechanical effects. Short channel effects, device scaling, and circuit and system considerations are the subject of Part 2. In Part 3, we examine new transistor materials and device structures. The use of computer simulation to examine device issues is an integral part of the course.

Nanophotonics

Lectures contain:

Introductory Lecture; s Lecture 1: Light Interaction with Matter-Review of Maxwell's Equations; s Lecture 2: Dispersion in Materials; s Lecture 3: Optical Properties of Insulators, Semiconductors and Metals; s Lecture 4: Electromagnetic Properties of Molecules, Nano- and Microscopic Particles; s Lecture 5: Photonic Crystals - Introduction; s Lecture 6: Basic Properties of Electromagnetic Effects in Periodic Media; s Lecture 7: Photonic Crystal Waveguides; s Lecture 8: Photonic Crystals Fibers; s Lecture 9: Introduction to Metal Optics; s Lecture 10: Surface Plasmon Excitation; s Lecture 11: Guiding Light Along Nanoparticle Arrays; Nano Scale Optics with Nearfield Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM); s Lecture 14: Metamaterials: Giving Light the Second Hand, Part 1; s Lecture 15: Metamaterials: Giving Light the Second Hand, Part 2.

Abstract:

The course covers nanoscale processes and devices and their applications for manipulating light on the nanoscale. The following topics will be covered: Fundamentals, Maxwell’s equations, light-matter interaction, dispersion, EM properties of nanostructures, etc. Photonic crystals, Photonic crystal fibers, Photonic nanocircuits, Metal optics, Manipulating light with plasmonic nanostructures, Plasmonic nano-sensors, Near-field optics, Metamaterials, negative refractive index and super-resolution.

Nanomaterials

Lectures contain:

Lecture 1: Film Deposition Methods; Lecture 2: Lithography; Lecture 3: Advanced Lithography; Lecture 4: Atom Optics; Lecture 5: Chemical Synthesis; Lecture 6: Carbon Nanomaterials, part 1; Lecture 7: Carbon Nanomaterials, part 2; Lecture 8: Carbon Nanomaterials, part 3; Lecture 9: SPM Lithography, part 1; Lecture 10: SPM Lithography, part 2; Lecture 11: SPM Lithography, part 3; Lecture 12: Nanoscale CMOS, part 1; Lecture 13: Nanoscale CMOS, part 2; Lecture 14: Nanoscale Alternatives; Lecture 15: Nanomagnetism, part 1; Lecture 16: Nanomagnetism, part 2; Lecture 17: Nanoscale Thermal Properties; Lecture 18: Nanoelectromechanical Systems, part 1; Lecture 19: Nanoelectromechanical Systems, part 2.

Abstract:

"Nanomaterials," is an interdisciplinary introduction to processing, structure, and properties of materials at the nanometer length scale. The course will cover recent breakthroughs and assess the impact of this burgeoning field. Specific nanofabrication topics include epitaxy, beam lithographies, self- assembly, biocatalytic synthesis, atom optics, and scanning probe lithography. The unique size- dependent properties (mechanical, thermal, chemical, optical, electronic, and magnetic) that result from nanoscale structure will be explored in the context of technological applications including computation, magnetic storage, sensors, and actuators.

Concepts of Quantum Transport

Lectures contain:

Introduction; Lecture 1: Nanodevices and Maxwell's Demon; Lecture 2: Electrical Resistance - A Simple Model; Lecture 3: Probabilities, Wavefunctions and Green Functions; Lecture 4: Coulomb blockade and Fock space; McCoy Lecture: Nanodevices and Maxwell's Demon; PASI Lecture: Nanodevices and Maxwell's Demon, Part 1; PASI Lecture: Nanodevices and Maxwell's Demon, Part 2

Abstract:

How does the resistance of a conductor change as we shrink its length all the way down to a few atoms? This is a question that has intrigued scientists for a long time, but it is only during the last twenty years that it has become possible for experimentalists to provide clear answers, leading to enormous progress in our understanding. There is also great applied interest in this question at this time, since every computer we buy has about a billion transistors that rely on controlling the flow of electrons through a conductor a few hundred atoms in length.



In this series of four lectures (total length ~ 5-6 hours) Datta attempts to convey the physics of current flow in nanodevices in simple physical terms, stressing clearly what is understood and what is not. In Lecture 1, "Nanodevices and Maxwell's demon", Datta attempts to convey the subtle interplay of dynamics and thermodynamics that is the hallmark of transport physics using an electronic device reminiscent of the demon imagined by Maxwell in the nineteenth century to illustrate the limitations of the second law of thermodynamics. Lecture 2 ("Electrical Resistance: A simple model") explains many important concepts like the quantum of conductance using a simple model that Datta uses routinely to teach an undergraduate class on Nanoelectronics. Lecture 3 ("Probabilities, wavefunctions and Green's functions) describes the full quantum transport model touching on some of the most advanced concepts of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics including the Boltzmann equation and the non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) formalism and yet keeping the discussion accessible to advanced undergraduates. Finally in Lecture 4 ("Coulomb blockade and Fock space") Datta explains the limitations of the current models and speculates on possible directions in which the field might evolve.



Overall the objective is to convey an appreciation for state-of-the-art quantum transport models far from equilibrium, assuming no significant background in quantum mechanics or statistical mechanics.

Quantum Transport: Atom to Transistor

Lectures contain:

Lecture 1: Energy Level Diagram; Lecture 2: What Makes Electrons Flow?; Lecture 3: The Quantum of Conductance; Lecture 4: Charging/Coulomb Blockade; Lecture 5: Summary/Towards Ohm's Law; Lecture 6: Schrodinger Equation: Basic Concepts; Lecture 7: Schrodinger Equation: Method of Finite Differences; Lecture 8: Schrodinger Equation: Examples; Lecture 9: Self Consistent Field: Basic Concept; Lecture 10: Self Consistent Field: Relation to the Multi-Electron Picture; Lecture 11: Self Consistent Field: Bonding; Lecture 12: Basis Functions: As a Computatinal Tool; Lecture 13: Basis Functions: As a Conceptual Tool; Lecture 14: Basis Functions: Density Matrix I; Lecture 15: Basis Functions: Density Matrix II; Lecture 16: Band Structure: Toy Examples; Lecture 17: Band Structure: Beyond 1-D; Lecture 18: Band Structure: 3-D Solids; Lecture 19: Band Structure: Prelude to Sub-Bands; Lecture 20: Subbands: Quantum Wells, Wires, Dots and Nano-Tubes; Lecture 21: Subbands: Density of States; Lecture 22: Subbands: Minimum Resistance of a Wire; Lecture 23: Capacitance: Model Hamiltonian; Lecture 24: Capacitance: Electron Density; Lecture 25: Capacitance: Quantum vs. Electrostatic Capacitance; Lecture 26: Level Broadening: Open Systems and Local Density of States; Lecture 27: Level Broadening: Self Energy; Lecture 28: Level Broadening: Lifetime; Lecture 29: Level Broadening: Irreversibility; Lecture 30: Coherent Transport: Overview; Lecture 31: Coherent Transport: Transmission and Examples; Lecture 32: Coherent Transport: Non-Equilibrium Density Matrix; Lecture 33: Coherent Transport: Inflow/Outflow; Lecture 34: Non-Coherent Transport: Why does an Atom Emit Light?; Lecture 35: Non-Coherent Transport: Radiative Lifetime; Lecture 36: Non-Coherent Transport: Radiative Transitions; Lecture 37: Non-Coherent Transport: Phonons, Emission and Absorption; Lecture 38: Non-Coherent Transport: Inflow/Outflow; Lecture 39: Atom to Transistor: "Physics" of Ohm's Law; Lecture 40: Self Consistent Field Method and Its Limitations; Lecture 41: Coulomb Blockade; Lecture 41a: Coulomb Blockade; Lecture 42: Spin

Abstract:

The development of "nanotechnology" has made it possible to engineer materials and devices on a length scale as small as several nanometers (atomic distances are ~ 0.1 nm). The properties of such "nanostructures" cannot be described in terms of macroscopic parameters like mobility and diffusion coefficient and a microscopic or atomistic viewpoint is called for. The purpose of this course is to convey the conceptual framework that underlies this microscopic theory of matter which developed in course of the 20th century following the advent of quantum mechanics. However, this requires us to discuss a lot more than just quantum mechanics - it requires an appreciation of some of the most advanced concepts of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Traditionally these topics are spread out over many physics/ chemistry courses that take many semesters to cover. Our aim is to condense the essential concepts into a one semester course using electrical engineering related examples. The only background we assume is matrix algebra including familiarity with MATLAB (or an equivalent mathematical software package). We use MATLAB-based numerical examples to provide concrete illustrations and we strongly recommend that the students set up their own computer program on a PC to reproduce the results. This hands-on experience is needed to grasp such deep and diverse concepts in so short a time.

Taking Nanotechnology from the Laboratory to the Soldier

About the lecture:

A U.S. Army soldier carries more than 100 pounds of gear into battle. What can be done to lighten the load, while still providing maximum protection? Edwin Thomas, Director of MIT’s new Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, describes an alternative to the past practice of “dressing up a soldier like a Christmas tree”. He describes instead, a dynamic battle suit that wards off bullets and biochemical threats while providing real-time data on the soldier’s medical condition. Thomas, who spent time training for this project at Fort Polk, explains how interdisciplinary teams are exploring nanomaterial designs that could also benefit civilian emergency responders.

Nanotechnology and the Study of Human Diseases



About the lecture:

Subra Suresh fleshes out the promise of nanotechnology, at least in regard to our understanding of disease. His talk, which focuses on malaria and its impact on red blood cells, demonstrates how the fields of engineering, biology and medicine are converging.



To function properly, he explains, a red blood cell -- eight micrometers in diameter or 1/10th the thickness of a human hair -- must be able to squeeze through three micrometer openings in blood vessels. Working with a “laser tweezer” and two tiny (nano-sized) glass beads, Suresh can apply pressure to stretch single cells so that they become thin enough to fit through small openings. He uses a computer to simulate in three dimensions how red blood cells might fold and lengthen under normal conditions in the human body.

Nanowires and Nanocrystals for Nanotechnology

Lecture description:

Nanowires and nanocrystals represent important nanomaterials with one-dimensional and zero-dimensional morphology, respectively. Here I will give an overview on the research about how these nanomaterials impact the critical applications in faster transistors, smaller nonvolatile memory devices, efficient solar energy conversion, high-energy battery and nanobiotechnology.

Nanotechnology: Past, Present and Future



Lecture description:

Nanotechnology is little-known to the general public, but in the science and policy community its promise is exciting. What are the promises and pitfalls of this new field? How is it going to help the field of medicine? What are the implications for our economy? Join us as leaders in the field discuss the very real hopes and concerns for nanotechnology applied to aging-related research.

Fascinating Nanotechnology



The Triumph of Technology

This time I write about nanotech video lecture links I have collected.These lectures were found via NanoHub website which is a web-based resource for research, education, and collaboration in nanotechnology, is an initiative of the NSF-funded Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN).They have many more video lectures, seminar videos teaching materials, just visit their website!And here are some MIT World's nanotechnology video courses/lectures:Google's Video has the following lectures on nanotechnology:And finally BBC's Audio Lectures "Have fun with these, until next month!

Labels: bionanotechnology, nano tech, nano technology, nanocrystals, nanoelectronics, nanomaterials, nanotech, nanotechnology, nanowires, qt, quantum transport, quantum transportation, transistors