My friend is working on a book about how to podcast. He sent me these questions about interviewing and since who knows how much of my answers will actually end up on the pages of said book (which I will plug when it is time, I bet it will be great), I figured I’d just post them here, in case they’re useful to anyone.

If you are not familiar with me or my work, I am the host of the NPR interview show Bullseye with Jesse Thorn (I am the Jesse Thorn of it). I also did a podcast called The Turnaround where I interviewed interviewers about interviewing.





Can you tell us something about your process?



I’m usually at least somewhat familiar with the guest’s work - that’s why we’ve booked them. Not always, but usually. So I have that advantage going in to the prep process.

I try to take a full day to prepare. If there’s a book, I usually read it over the preceding week or so. If there’s a movie or a show, I see it when I can. The rest I cram in before the interview. I don’t have Lexis-Nexus (maybe I should?) but I go on Google News and search for as many news pieces as I can about the guest. I prefer big profiles and long interviews. I’ll start with whatever’s in the Guardian or the Times or the New Yorker, or online sources with deep archives like the AV Club. And I read as much as I can. Usually a few dozen things. Depends on the notoriety of the guest. I’ll also read a bit about the work - film or book reviews, just to get other people’s perspectives on it, see if there’s stuff I haven’t thought of. And usually at the beginning and end I’ll read… wait for it… Wikipedia. Because it’s usually better than people’s bios, and it helps me remember the rough narrative of their life and work. I’ll also try to listen to or watch at least one interview - maybe when I’m driving in to the studio. That just gives me a feeling of what it’s like to talk to them, so I’m not surprised.

While I’m prepping, I keep a document open on my computer in a writing app called Q10 that saves a text file automatically to a folder that’s synced across my devices. If a thought I want to make sure to ask about occurs to me while I’m reading, I drop it in there. Not usually in question form, mostly just a phrase, like “loves to play mandolin but isn’t good at it” or something. Generally I’m looking to move past what other people have asked. When I read a response that my guest-to-be has to someone else’s question, I’m thinking, “what does that response make me curious about?” I can figure out how to do the exposition to get there. And I’m often thinking in a way improvisers call A-to-C. There is a piece of information, I think “what does this make me think of,” then I think “what does *that* make me think of?” It helps avoid obviousness. It’s important to know how other people ask someone something, so you can ask something different or at least ask in a different way. Because generally you don’t want someone’s patter, you want a fresh, in-the-moment thought or reaction.

While I’m doing this, if I find media I want to incorporate or ask about, I send it to my producer, who’s pulling clips. They’ll give me a list of clips, including the ones I specifically wanted, before the interview, and I’ll give that a look-over so I can remember roughly what I’ve got.

In the end, I have maybe a list of six or eight things I want to try and remember to ask about, a list of six or eight clips, and a lot of information in my head about who the person is. Once in a while, I’ll have a question written, but generally only because it’s something sensitive and I want to say it exactly correctly. Like a question about a crime someone was accused of or a time someone’s colleague was harassed or a time someone said something particularly shitty. Those I don’t want to be phrasing on the fly. Generally, though, it’s just a few phrases so I don’t forget to ask about a funny thing I thought of. I just interviewed the soprano Renee Fleming, and the list had “singer breaking wine glass: is that real” on it.

In general, I’m trying to think about a general outline for the interview - like “we’ll talk a bit about the new thing first, then circle back to childhood, then through the biography” or whatever. And I’m trying to be curious and think about why they make the choices they do and what I find myself wondering about. Besides that, I want to know enough about the person I’m talking to that I can just focus on conversing with them.

What things do you think are most important or key to your ability as an interviewer?

I like and respect the people I interview. If they seem like an asshole, I don’t invite them on my show. They’re generally pretty brilliant, or they wouldn’t be able to make the great art they make. So my job is to just meet them where they are and talk to them like a person. I probably show a bit more of myself than most folks at NPR do, who are more news-oriented or reporter-oriented, but my interest in the person sitting across from me is sincere. If I share something of myself, it’s because I think it might be meaningful to them and help them understand that we are both people, and we’re having a chat.

I also don’t try to hide my interest behind posturing faux-impartiality. They’re there at my invitation, I’d be a real heel if I’d invited them but wasn’t interested in what they were saying. I listen when they talk, and react to what they say. I don’t try to control the conversation except to the extent I need to do so to make a radio show. I goof around in goofy parts and respond in a humane way in emotional parts. And in general, I know that it can’t go that wrong, so I don’t really give a fuck. You only get one ticket, might as well enjoy the ride, as Devin the Dude raps.

What do you do to put people at ease or when you sense that they’re’ holding back? Is there a time you remember when that happened?

I try to put them at ease when I meet them, before I even sit down at the mic. Or before we start if they’re in another studio. That really is just basic human stuff. I come out of my office, go over to them, say hi, I’m Jesse. Shake their hand, smile. Let them know we’re gonna talk for an hour or so, it’ll just be talking, we’ll make them sound great. For most guests if there’s something that might be sensitive, I’ll let them know it isn’t live and if there’s something personal they don’t want to talk about, to just let me know. (That never actually happens.) Maybe I ask them something about their outfit or something I wondered that wasn’t really for the air, like about a sports team I heard they like or something. Just talk to them like a nice person would.

If the interview is rolling and they’re holding back, I maybe ask them something friendly and surprising, something that makes me look dumb, maybe something silly. If they’re really polished but not revealing themselves, I might ask them a question that requires a heartfelt answer - like I dunno… “are you afraid of death?” Mostly though I just know that I have some time and that if I talk to them in a nice human way they’ll usually come around to responding in kind.

What do you keep top of mind when interviewing?

The person sitting in front of me. The actual conversation happening at that actual moment.

Could you describe how you go about preparing for an interview, and approx how long that process takes?

I went through it pretty well above, but as far as time goes - outside of consuming the media the person is there to talk about, their book or film or whatever, I’d say I try to give it at least six straight hours. And I’m very fast at it, since I’ve been doing it now for twenty years. Before it was maybe eight or twelve. But again: that’s in the context of most of my guests already being very familiar to me.

Was there a time when something totally unexpected happened during an interview? What did you do in response? How did things turn out?

I once played a clip for Michael K. Williams of a dance track from the 80s, this song where he’d appeared in the video. It was his big break. And I thought maybe he’d be happy to hear it, kind of amused, but he started crying. And he was in a studio in New York, I couldn’t really tell if he was sad or hurt or happy or whatever. But I just let him do his thing. Because I didn’t need to control the moment. I have him some time, and he shared some incredible memories.

Are there some people you look up to as interviewers? What did you learn from them?

I think Ira Glass is always very deeply interested in other people’s feelings. It is absolutely sincere, and he just asks about them. On more than one occasion, I have had him ask me about my feelings when I was interviewing him. He obviously doesn’t do the same kind of interviewing I do - he is really looking for a few illustrative or moving highlights - but the way he does that is very inspirational to me.

Terry Gross is extraordinarily modest. She is a brilliant genius, but she is always glad to highlight the guest and what is great or interesting about them. She also always asks for examples, always brings the conversation to specifics and stories when it could be vague.

I did a series called The Turnaround, where I interviewed interviewers about interviewing, and talked to all kinds of famous interviewers, from a variety of media.

Susan Orlean, who writes for the New Yorker, can find a story anywhere. She just shows up and is extraordinarily curious and recognizes when something is interesting and pulls the thread. That’s another improv technique - a scene is built on the first distinctive element. You spot it and you grow it.

Larry King is always hyper-present. He did years and years of long live radio shifts. He absolutely trusts his curiosity. He told me he once asked a pilot if, when the plane took off, he knew it was going to land. He is unafraid of looking like a fool as long as he is following his curiosity.

Reggie Osse, Combat Jack, he knew everything about the subject he was interviewing people about. Everything. So he always had a little anecdote or a little insight that opened things up. His show was loooooong, but that was because he was always relating to something someone said about something in a club in 1998, and that led to this, and all of a sudden you’re armpit-deep in amazing stories.

Jerry Springer really respects everyone he talks to, and cares about them and their story. Including folks who other people might laugh at or scorn or pity. He just goes in and tries to give them a chance to be heard.

Elvis Mitchell is a real critic, and he has more expertise in entertainment media than anyone I’ve ever met. I mean he knows more about his seventh-greatest area of expertise than I do about my first. He’s really masterful at talking to artists about the actual content of their work. Themes and ideas. In a clear and concrete way. So many people substitute anecdote for insight, and I am very grateful for his insight.

Marc Maron is like a genius puppy. He just pokes and prods and guesses, and he’s so smart and is crackling with such energy that he finds stuff because people step up to meet him. He also is so raw, emotionally, that people just try to take care of him by sharing themselves.

Audie Cornish is astonishingly clear-eyed. She knows what she needs to know, she knows the context, she goes and gets it.

Howard Stern will just ask about anything. And you know he will talk about anything. So you feel obliged to tell him. And he always asks about the biggest and most important stuff. Like how did you lose your virginity or do you believe in God or whatever. He just does it and what are you going to do, not answer?

That’s only a few, I could list a million more. I would say that something they share is that they are all actually curious. It is not a performance of curiosity; they want to know about others.

Are there any stories you could share of times when you learned some valuable lessons about interviewing? Do’s and don'ts?

I once interviewed Betty Davis, who is a legendary (and legendarily reclusive) funk musician. She was on the phone from Pittsburgh, patched through by her label since she didn’t want anyone to have her phone number. And she was very polite, but very fragile-sounding. She hadn’t done press in a few decades, and hadn’t even picked up her ASCAP checks until a fan tracked her down and hand-delivered them. She gave me a lot of one sentence answers to my questions. It was really, really hard, but I remember thinking of something I’d read in Jessica Abel and Ira Glass’ This American Life comic, which is that if you don’t say anything, people will fill the space. So when she finished her sentences, I just waited. For a long time, sometimes. Like five or ten seconds, which is FOREVER. And every time, she added to her initial remarks. And that saved the interview.

Another time I went to a fancy hotel in west Los Angeles to interview Bill Withers. He’s done some press since then, but at the time he hadn’t really done any in like fifteen years. He’s older and incredibly smart and a little grumpy. And when I sat down, he kind of started giving me the business. Because whatever - I was a young white guy there being presumptuous enough to bother him, a guy who really had nothing to gain from the interview. And I remember at some point he was giving me a hard time and I kind of poked back at him, and he laughed, and after that it was one of the best interviews I’d ever done. I think just because he was like, “oh, this is a person, too. He’s not an idiot, he’s here because he cares, and maybe he’s even interesting to talk to."

What do you know now that you wish you’d known when you were starting out?

That it’s going to be fine. I think I learned that from doing the Turnaround. Because I wasn’t going to make money from it, I just figured I’d let myself off the hook preparation-wise and emotionally and so forth. Just let it go. And it was some of my best work. Because I trusted it would be fine, followed my actual curiosity, and talked to everyone like a person. Once my therapist asked me why I was anxious about interviews, and I told him I didn’t want to mess it up and look foolish. And he said, "Does that happen?” And I was like… “No. I guess not.” And he’s like, “So, why be anxious?” And I was like, “CHECKMATE DOCTOR CARR."

If there were one thing you’d like someone who’s just starting out to know about interviewing, what would it be?

Be curious. Ask open-ended questions. Remember that whoever you’re interviewing, whether it’s Buzz Aldrin or Michelle Obama or Little Richard is a person just like you are a person. And enjoy yourself!