STATE DEPARTMENT - As U.S. lawmakers grapple with allegations of sexual harassment in their ranks, some senior American diplomats are speaking out about their struggles over the years.



Gina Abercrombie-Winstanley, who was U.S. ambassador to Malta from 2012-2016, told her story about serving at the State Department and the White House.



"There was one occasion in the department when a boss touched me and I told him if he did it again, I'd knock the s— out of him. He did not repeat it, but he did try to get me to curtail from the position," Abercrombie-Winstanley told the Foreign Service Journal, a publication by the American Foreign Service Association.



The former U.S. envoy recalled another incident in which she said she was harassed by a senior lawmaker while serving on the White House National Security Council.



"Initially, I parried the advance from a senior member of Congress, but when he continued to call me, I reported to the NSC's executive secretary that it was happening, and told him that if I had to do violence to repel it, I would," Abercombie-Winstanley said.

"I was letting him know beforehand, I said, because I did not expect to lose my job as a result," she added. "After a moment of shocked silence, he said 'Thanks for letting me know.' And the member stopped calling me."



She later told VOA these occasions are an "extremely small part of my professional journey" and declined to either comment further on details or identify the congressman.



'Zero-tolerance' policy



In a letter electronically distributed to all American diplomats around the world earlier this year, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson said the department upholds a "zero-tolerance" policy regarding discriminatory and sexual harassment.



"Effective harassment prevention efforts must start with and involve the highest level possible," Tillerson said in his policy statement.



For years, secretaries of state release their statements on diversity and harassment in the workplace at the beginning of their tenure and review annually thereafter. They usually highlight two anti-harassment policies: one prohibiting sexual harassment, the other banning discrimination.

US Ambassador Laura Dogu. (US Embassy in Nicaragua U.S. Ambassador Laura Dogu. (U.S. Embassy in Nicaragua website) U.S. Ambassador Laura Dogu. (U.S. Embassy in Nicaragua website)

Male-dominated circles



Still, female ambassadors said they must learn to adjust and handle the challenges involved in working in mainly male-dominated diplomatic circles.



"I am frequently the only woman in meetings outside the office with the host country, and when I have control over the guest list, I insist that we include at least 30 percent women, if not more," U.S. Ambassador to Nicaragua Laura Dogu said in the Foreign Service Journal article.



Like Ambassador Dogu, former Ambassador to Mongolia Jennifer Zimdahl Galt said she has been the only woman or one of the only women in the room at virtually every meeting throughout her career. The key to working in such an environment, she said, is to be well-prepared and a good listener.

FILE - US Ambassador to Mongolia Jennifer Zimdahl FILE - U.S. Ambassador to Mongolia Jennifer Zimdahl Galt and U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry past a traditional honor guard upon arrival at Chinggis Khaan International Airport in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, June 5, 2016. FILE - U.S. Ambassador to Mongolia Jennifer Zimdahl Galt and U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry past a traditional honor guard upon arrival at Chinggis Khaan International Airport in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, June 5, 2016.

"So you can speak authoritatively and there is no question that you are on top of your brief. It's also important to dress professionally, which in my book means wearing a suit at all times," said Galt, who was appointed as principle deputy assistant secretary for educational and cultural affairs earlier this month.

She also said, "Being sure to listen carefully to what others have to say so that you're not repeating, but rather amplifying and adding value with your remarks."



Building minority leadership



In a speech to student programs and fellowship participants in August, Tillerson said he had directed relevant committees to develop "minority leadership" at the State Department.

"Every time we have an opening for an ambassador position, at least one of the candidates must be a minority candidate. Now they may not be ready, but we will know where the talent pool is," Tillerson said.



Seen as part of these efforts, Irwin Steven Goldstein will begin his new position next week (December 4) as the first openly gay undersecretary of state for public diplomacy and public affairs.



In Senate testimony, Goldstein thanked his spouse for supporting his career of developing and executing communications strategies that connect diverse audiences.