Adani's Carmichael coal mine has received its final environmental approval from the Queensland Government, but will still need a mining lease before it proceeds.

The Environment Department issued 140 conditions late on Tuesday for what will be Australia's largest coal mine.

Nine of those conditions related to the protection of the black-throated finch, as required by the Land Court in December after a case brought forward by a conservation group..

"The [Department of Environment and Heritage Protection] is confident the strict conditions ... will ensure this mine will not pose an unacceptable risk to the environment and any potential impacts will be closely monitored," it said in a statement.

The Indian miner has now gained environmental approval from the state and federal governments but needs to prove its finances and gain a mining licence from the state for the site.

The $16 billion mine, rail and port project has been marred by protracted legal challenges.

Two court cases, from traditional owners and the Australian Conservation Foundation, are still ongoing.

A spokesperson from Adani urged the Queensland Government to prevent any further delay to the granting of the final mining lease.

"While a welcome development, it is now critical that the State Government works actively with us and ensures no further delays can be made to final approvals such as the granting of a mining lease," it said.

"Progress on these approvals is crucial in ensuring the jobs and economic benefits from these projects can flow to regional Queensland at a time these opportunities are sorely needed."

State not ready to offer mining licence

A spokeswoman for Queensland Mines Minister Anthony Lynham said a number of statutory obligations needed to be addressed before the Minister would consider granting the lease.

"Compensation agreements need to be finalised with remaining landholders," the spokeswoman said.

Adrian Burragubba, spokesperson for the Wangan and Jagalingou Traditional Owners' Council, who are challenging the mine. ( AAP: Dan Peled )

"Compensation with local government also needs to be resolved for affected road reserves under the footprint of the leases."

The Carmichael mine would be one of the biggest mines in the world, consisting of six open-cut pits and up to five underground mines, and will supply Indian power plants with enough coal to generate electricity for up to 100 million people.

The controversial project involves dredging 1.1 million cubic metres of spoil near the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, which will then be disposed of on land.

Environmental groups have issued press releases condemning the decision.

GetUp said the mine would "kill the Great Barrier Reef", Greenpeace said it would "add to global warming" and the Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF) said it would create "billions of tonnes of pollution".

"I cannot understand why the Palaszczuk Labor Government would choose to undermine the state's powerhouse tourism industry and betray the millions of Australians who want the reef to survive and thrive for generations to come," ACF chief executive Kelly O'Shanassy said.