Iran has tested a new precision-guided ballistic missile in defiance of a United Nations ban, signalling an apparent advance in Iranian attempts to improve the accuracy of its missile arsenal.

Key points: Iran tests the new long range Emad ballistic missile

Iran tests the new long range Emad ballistic missile The move is in defiance of bans from the UN

The move is in defiance of bans from the UN Tensions heighten between Iran and Israel

The Islamic Republic has one of the largest missile programs in the Middle East, but its potential effectiveness has been limited by poor accuracy.

State television showed what appeared to be a successful launch of the new missile, named Emad, which will be Iran's first precision-guided weapon with the range to strike its regional arch-enemy Israel.

"The Emad missile is able to strike targets with a high level of precision and completely destroy them... This greatly increases Iran's strategic deterrence capability," defence minister Hossein Dehghan said at a televised news conference.

The UN Security Council prohibits foreign powers from assisting Iran in developing its ballistic missile program in any way, a ban that will remain in place under the terms of the July 14 nuclear deal that will see other sanctions lifted.

The United Nations also prohibits Iran from undertaking any activity related to ballistic missiles that could deliver a nuclear warhead, which applies to the Emad, but Iranian officials have pledged to ignore the ban.

"We don't ask permission from anyone to strengthen our defence and missile capabilities," Mr Dehghan said.

"Our leadership and armed forces are determined to increase our power and this is to promote peace and stability in the region.

"There is no intention of aggression or threats in this action."

Iran is wary of a potential pre-emptive strike on its nuclear sites by Israel.

In turn, Israel fears that a nuclear agreement Iran sealed with world powers in July may be insufficient to stop Tehran developing an atomic bomb.

The accord curbs proliferation-prone aspects of Iran's nuclear energy program in exchange for crippling sanctions being lifted.

Iran says its nuclear activity is wholly peaceful.

Israel is widely presumed to have the Middle East's only nuclear weapons.

'Enhanced accuracy and lethality'

Anthony Cordesman, a researcher at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, wrote in January that the Emad would have a range of 1,700 kilometres, 500 meters accuracy and a 750 kilogram payload.

It is a variant of the liquid-fuelled Shahab-3 missile, which has been in service since 2003 and has a similar range but is accurate only to within 2,000 metres.

"The Emad represents a major leap in terms of accuracy. It has an advanced guidance and control system in its nose cone," Israeli missile expert Uzi Rubin said.

But Michael Elleman, senior fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), said it would probably take Iran "many years... and dozens of flight tests" to master the new guidance technology.

In August, Iran unveiled a new short-range missile named Fateh-313, which it said also offered improved precision over its predecessor, as part of an apparent drive to upgrade the accuracy of its missile arsenal.

"What has become increasingly clear is Iran's desire to enhance missile accuracy and lethality, a priority that very likely supersedes the need for seeking longer-range missiles," Mr Elleman said.

The Fateh-313 has solid fuel, allowing it to be set up and launched faster than liquid-fuelled missiles, and a range of 500 kilometres — enough to hit targets in Gulf Arab powers locked in a regional cold war with the Islamic Republic, but not Israel.

Improvements in accuracy could let Iran use its missiles in a wider variety of roles, for example by targeting military bases or economic assets rather than population centres.

The IISS noted in 2010 that poor accuracy meant Iran could use its missiles only as a "political weapon" to target enemy cities since their military utility was "severely limited".

Reuters