Mr. Blumenthal described the bill as a “moment of reckoning” for the Olympic committee to demonstrate its willingness to create a “seismic cultural shift” in the protection of athletes from abuse. If the Olympic committee failed in its responsibilities, Mr. Blumenthal warned, it “will be disbanded” by Congress.

In a conference call with reporters on Monday, he said that the Olympic committee had taken “baby steps” toward reform but had undergone “nowhere near the kind of major reforms that need to be done.”

In a statement Tuesday, Sarah Hirshland, chief executive of the Olympic committee, said making athletes safer and giving them a bigger voice are central to her organization’s mission.

“This legislation is consistent with that approach and we applaud Congress for their continued work on this critically important issue,” she said. “There are sections in the proposed legislation that, while conceptually appropriate, could result in unintended consequences and disruption for athletes in operational reality. We look forward to working with Senators Moran, Blumenthal and others in Congress to address these areas, make athletes more safe, and make Olympic and Paralympic organizations in the U.S. as exceptional as the athletes they serve.”

The introduction of the Senate bill comes after Congress displayed a lack of urgency in its mandated oversight of the Olympic committee until victims of Lawrence G. Nassar, a former gymnastics team doctor, came forward to make accusations against him to the news media and in legal proceedings. Dr. Nassar is expected to spend the rest of his life in prison after being accused of molesting hundreds of girls and women and being convicted of sexual misconduct.