Number of times cited according to CrossRef:

David Hemenway, John Berrigan, Deborah Azrael, Catherine Barber, Matthew Miller, Fatal police shootings of civilians, by rurality, Preventive Medicine, 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106046, 134, (106046),

B. Keith Payne, Joshua Correll, Race, weapons, and the perception of threat, , 10.1016/bs.aesp.2020.04.001,

Robin S. Engel, Hannah D. McManus, Gabrielle T. Isaza, Moving beyond “Best Practice”: Experiences in Police Reform and a Call for Evidence to Reduce Officer-Involved Shootings, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 10.1177/0002716219889328, 687, 1, (146-165),

David J. Johnson, Joseph Cesario, Reply to Knox and Mummolo and Schimmack and Carlsson: Controlling for crime and population rates, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.1073/pnas.1920184117, 117, 3, (1264-1265),

Kevin L. Nadal, Mawia Khogali, Patricia Châu Nguyễn, Tanya Erazo, Microaggressions and Implicit Biases: Rooted in Structural Racism and Systemic Oppression, Handbook of Interpersonal Violence Across the Lifespan, 10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7, (1-23),

Lynne Peeples, What the data say about police brutality and racial bias — and which reforms might work, Nature, 10.1038/d41586-020-01846-z, 583, 7814, (22-24),

Nayoung Rim, Bocar Ba, Roman Rivera, Disparities in Police Award Nominations: Evidence from Chicago, AEA Papers and Proceedings, 10.1257/pandp.20201118, 110, (447-451),

Mark Alden Morgan, Matthew William Logan, Tayte Marie Olma, Police use of force and suspect behavior: An inmate perspective, Journal of Criminal Justice, 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101673, 67, (101673),

Kimberly D Hassell, The impact of Crisis Intervention Team Training for police, International Journal of Police Science & Management, 10.1177/1461355720909404, 22, 2, (159-170),

Stefano Bloch, Daniel E. Martínez, Canicide by Cop: A geographical analysis of canine killings by police in Los Angeles, Geoforum, 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.02.009,

Michael Sierra‐Arévalo, Justin Nix, Gun victimization in the line of duty, Criminology & Public Policy, 10.1111/1745-9133.12507, 19, 3, (1041-1066),

Marilyn D. Thomas, Nicholas P. Jewell, Amani M. Allen, Black and unarmed: Statistical interaction between age, perceived mental illness, and geographic region among males fatally shot by police using case-only design, Annals of Epidemiology, 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.014,

G. Cristina Mora, Tianna S. Paschel, Antiblackness as a Logic for Anti‐Immigrant Resentment: Evidence From California, Sociological Forum, 10.1111/socf.12601, 35, S1, (918-940),

Wendy M. Koslicki, Daniel J. Lytle, Dale W. Willits, Rachael Brooks, ‘Rhetoric without reality’ or effective policing strategy? An analysis of the relationship between community policing and police fatal force, Journal of Criminal Justice, 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101730, (101730),

Jan Keil, Racism Predicts Police Killings of Black Civilians, SSRN Electronic Journal, 10.2139/ssrn.3627354,

Robert A. Brown, POLICING IN AMERICAN HISTORY, Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 10.1017/S1742058X19000171, 16, 1, (189-195),

Malcolm D. Holmes, Righteous Shoot or Racial Injustice? What Crowdsourced Data Can(not) Tell Us About Police-Caused Homicide, Race and Justice, 10.1177/2153368719900357, (215336871990035),

Collin M. Calvert, Sonya S. Brady, Rhonda Jones-Webb, Perceptions of Violent Encounters between Police and Young Black Men across Stakeholder Groups, Journal of Urban Health, 10.1007/s11524-019-00417-6,

Lucas Mentch, On Racial Disparities in Recent Fatal Police Shootings, Statistics and Public Policy, 10.1080/2330443X.2019.1704330, (1-10),

Peggy S. Plass, Female Victims of Police Justifiable Homicide, Women & Criminal Justice, 10.1080/08974454.2020.1741488, (1-15),

Joseph Wertz, Deborah Azrael, John Berrigan, Catherine Barber, Eliot Nelson, David Hemenway, Carmel Salhi, Matthew Miller, A Typology of Civilians Shot and Killed by US Police: a Latent Class Analysis of Firearm Legal Intervention Homicide in the 2014–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System, Journal of Urban Health, 10.1007/s11524-020-00430-0,

Matthew C. Matusiak, Michael R. Cavanaugh, Matthew Stephenson, An Assessment of Officer-Involved Shooting Data Transparency in the United States, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10.1177/0886260520913646, (088626052091364),

Janne E. Gaub, Natalie Todak, Michael D. White, The distribution of police use of force across patrol and specialty units: a case study in BWC impact, Journal of Experimental Criminology, 10.1007/s11292-020-09429-8,

Andrew C. Gray, Karen F. Parker, Race and police killings: examining the links between racial threat and police shootings of Black Americans, Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 10.1080/15377938.2020.1774952, (1-26),

Cody T. Ross, Bruce Winterhalder, Richard McElreath, Racial Disparities in Police Use of Deadly Force Against Unarmed Individuals Persist After Appropriately Benchmarking Shooting Data on Violent Crime Rates, Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10.1177/1948550620916071, (194855062091607),

Torin Monahan, The arresting gaze: Artistic disruptions of antiblack surveillance, International Journal of Cultural Studies, 10.1177/1367877920901859, (136787792090185),

James E. McCabe, Robert J. Kaminski, Hunter M. Boehme, Racial profiling and CT motor vehicle stops: an observational study in three towns, Police Practice and Research, 10.1080/15614263.2020.1749620, (1-18),

Carol M. Liebler, Wasim Ahmad, Gina Gayle, Not at Risk? News, Gatekeeping, and Missing Teens, Journalism Practice, 10.1080/17512786.2020.1790407, (1-16),

Ross Hendy, Effectiveness and efficiency: Oslo police officers’ perspectives of the necessity and utility of temporarily routinely arming in response to a terrorist threat, Policing and Society, 10.1080/10439463.2020.1761806, (1-15),

DEAN KNOX, WILL LOWE, JONATHAN MUMMOLO, Administrative Records Mask Racially Biased Policing, American Political Science Review, 10.1017/S0003055420000039, (1-19),

Scott W. Phillips, The formation of suspicion: A vignette study, International Journal of Police Science & Management, 10.1177/1461355720929038, (146135572092903),

Desmond Ang, The Effects of Police Violence on Inner-City Students*, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 10.1093/qje/qjaa027,

Andrew Conner, Deborah Azrael, Vivian H. Lyons, Catherine Barber, Matthew Miller, Validating the National Violent Death Reporting System as a Source of Data on Fatal Shootings of Civilians by Law Enforcement Officers, American Journal of Public Health, 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304904, 109, 4, (578-584),

Stephen A. Bishopp, The Police “Presence”, Appearance Bias and Crime, 10.1017/9781108377683, (166-184),

Laura C. Hand, Brandon D. Ching, Maintaining neutrality: A sentiment analysis of police agency Facebook pages before and after a fatal officer-involved shooting of a citizen, Government Information Quarterly, 10.1016/j.giq.2019.101420, (101420),

Paul L. Taylor, Beyond false positives, Criminology & Public Policy, 10.1111/1745-9133.12460, 18, 4, (807-822),

Hannah D. McManus, Francis T. Cullen, Cheryl Lero Jonson, Alexander L. Burton, Velmer S. Burton, Will Black Lives Matter to the Police? African Americans’ Concerns about Trump’s Presidency, Victims & Offenders, 10.1080/15564886.2019.1671288, 14, 8, (1040-1062),

John A. Shjarback, Justin Nix, Considering violence against police by citizen race/ethnicity to contextualize representation in officer-involved shootings, Journal of Criminal Justice, 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2019.101653, (101653),

Walter Forrest, Carter Hay, Alex O. Widdowson, Michael Rocque, Development of impulsivity and risk‐seeking: Implications for the dimensionality and stability of self‐control*, Criminology, 10.1111/1745-9125.12214, 57, 3, (512-543),

Lynchings, racial threat, and whites’ punitive views toward blacks, Criminology, 10.1111/1745-9125.12225, 57, 3, (574-574),

Nathan W. Link, Jeffrey T. Ward, Richard Stansfield, Consequences of mental and physical health for reentry and recidivism: Toward a health‐based model of desistance*, Criminology, 10.1111/1745-9125.12213, 57, 3, (544-573),

Claire Nee, Jean‐Louis Gelder, Marco Otte, Zarah Vernham, Amy Meenaghan, Learning on the job: Studying expertise in residential burglars using virtual environments*, Criminology, 10.1111/1745-9125.12210, 57, 3, (481-511),

Mir Usman Ali, Maureen Pirog, Social Accountability and Institutional Change: The Case of Citizen Oversight of Police, Public Administration Review, 10.1111/puar.13055, 79, 3, (411-426),

Karen Heimer, Inequalities and crime, Criminology, 10.1111/1745-9125.12220, 57, 3, (377-394),

S. Hakan Can, Ethnicity and Other Demographics Associated with Perceived Police Fairness, Policing and Minority Communities, 10.1007/978-3-030-19182-5, (93-103),

Anthony A. Braga, Rod K. Brunson, Kevin M. Drakulich, Race, Place, and Effective Policing, Annual Review of Sociology, 10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022541, 45, 1, (535-555),

Dean Knox, Will Lowe, Jonathan Mummolo, The Bias Is Built In: How Administrative Records Mask Racially Biased Policing, SSRN Electronic Journal, 10.2139/ssrn.3336338,

Lynne Peeples, What the data say about police shootings, Nature, 10.1038/d41586-019-02601-9, 573, 7772, (24-26),

Emma Frankham, Victim or Villain? Racial/Ethnic Differences in News Portrayals of Individuals with Mental Illness Killed by Police, The Sociological Quarterly, 10.1080/00380253.2019.1593063, (1-23),

Lois James, Stephen James, Rachel Davis, Elizabeth Dotson, Using Interval-Level Metrics to Investigate Situational-, Suspect-, and Officer-Level Predictors of Police Performance During Encounters With the Public, Police Quarterly, 10.1177/1098611119857559, (109861111985755),

Ronald Helms, S.E. Costanza, Contextualizing race: a conceptual and empirical study of fatal interactions with police across US counties, Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 10.1080/15377938.2019.1692748, (1-29),

Emma E. Fridel, Keller G. Sheppard, Gregory M. Zimmerman, Integrating the Literature on Police Use of Deadly Force and Police Lethal Victimization: How Does Place Impact Fatal Police–Citizen Encounters?, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10.1007/s10940-019-09438-5,

Richard H. Morley, Scott W. Bowman, Cheryl L. Fulton, Sean P. Roche, Paul B. Jantz, Logan T. Trujillo, Mindfulness, Self-Control, Implicit Bias, Race, Threat Perception Failure, and the Accidental Use of Deadly Force Against Off-Duty Police Officers, Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 10.1007/s11896-019-09352-3,

Scott W. Phillips, Dae-Young Kim, James J. Sobol, S. Marlon Gayadeen, Total recall?: A quasi-experimental study of officer’s recollection in shoot – don’t shoot simulators, Police Practice and Research, 10.1080/15614263.2019.1677230, (1-12),

Robin D. Jackson, Howard Henderson, Criminal Justice Students’ Perceptions and Awareness of Racism and Discrimination, Race and Justice, 10.1177/2153368719873024, (215336871987302),

Elisha Cohen, Anna Gunderson, Kaylyn Jackson, Paul Zachary, Tom S. Clark, Adam N. Glynn, Michael Leo Owens, Do Officer-Involved Shootings Reduce Citizen Contact with Government?, The Journal of Politics, 10.1086/703539, (000-000),

Shytierra Gaston, Jamein P. Cunningham, Rob Gillezeau, A Ferguson Effect, the Drug Epidemic, Both, or Neither? Explaining the 2015 and 2016 U.S. Homicide Rises by Race and Ethnicity, Homicide Studies, 10.1177/1088767919849642, (108876791984964),

Hannah D. McManus, Amanda Graham, Francis T. Cullen, Velmer S. Burton, Cheryl Lero Jonson, Friend Not Foe? Reconsidering Race, the Police, and Community Relations, Race and Justice, 10.1177/2153368719849486, (215336871984948),

Molly McCarthy, Louise Porter, Michael Townsley, Geoffrey Alpert, A Typology of Citizen Presentations in Police Use of Force Events: Are There Ecological Drivers?, Police Quarterly, 10.1177/1098611119835535, (109861111983553),

Wesley G. Jennings, Meghan E. Hollis, Allison J. Fernandez, Deadly Force and Deadly Outcome: Examining the Officer, Suspect, and Situational Characteristics of Officer-Involved Shootings, Deviant Behavior, 10.1080/01639625.2019.1596532, (1-8),

Valerio Baćak, Joshua Gary Mausolf, Christiane Schwarz, How Comprehensive Are Media-Based Data on Police Officer–Involved Shootings?, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10.1177/0886260519860897, (088626051986089),

David J. Johnson, Trevor Tress, Nicole Burkel, Carley Taylor, Joseph Cesario, Officer characteristics and racial disparities in fatal officer-involved shootings, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.1073/pnas.1903856116, (201903856),

Saaid A. Mendoza, Elizabeth J. Parks-Stamm, Embodying the Police: The Effects of Enclothed Cognition on Shooting Decisions, Psychological Reports, 10.1177/0033294119860261, (003329411986026),

Matthew Hunsinger, Michael Christopher, Andi M. Schmidt, Mindfulness Training, Implicit Bias, and Force Response Decision-Making, Mindfulness, 10.1007/s12671-019-01213-8,

Andrew C. Gray, Karen F. Parker, Race, Structural Predictors, and Police Shootings: Are There Differences Across Official and “Unofficial” Accounts of Lethal Force?, Crime & Delinquency, 10.1177/0011128718788044, 65, 1, (26-45),

Joseph Cesario, David J. Johnson, William Terrill, Is There Evidence of Racial Disparity in Police Use of Deadly Force? Analyses of Officer-Involved Fatal Shootings in 2015–2016, Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10.1177/1948550618775108, 10, 5, (586-595),

Charles E. Menifield, Geiguen Shin, Logan Strother, Do White Law Enforcement Officers Target Minority Suspects?, Public Administration Review, 10.1111/puar.12956, 79, 1, (56-68),

Illya Lichtenberg, A comparative analysis of male and female police officers feloniously killed, Police Practice and Research, 10.1080/15614263.2018.1468258, 20, 4, (394-404),

Malcolm D. Holmes, Matthew A. Painter, Brad W. Smith, Race, Place, and Police-Caused Homicide in U.S. Municipalities, Justice Quarterly, 10.1080/07418825.2018.1427782, 36, 5, (751-786),

Charlie Beck, Craig D. Uchida, The Accuracy of Fatal Officer-Involved Shooting Data: A Response to “The Limitations of Government Databases for Analyzing Fatal Officer-Involved Shootings in the United States”, Criminal Justice Policy Review, 10.1177/0887403417718339, 30, 3, (359-373),

Wesley G. Skogan, The Commission and the Police, Criminology & Public Policy, 10.1111/1745-9133.12366, 17, 2, (379-396),

April D. Fernandes, Robert D. Crutchfield, Race, Crime, and Criminal Justice, Criminology & Public Policy, 10.1111/1745-9133.12361, 17, 2, (397-417),

April D. Fernandes, Robert D. Crutchfield, Race and the Criminal Justice System, The Handbook of Social Control, 10.1002/9781119372394, (137-152),

Kevin Drakulich, Eric Rodriguez‐Whitney, Intentional Inequalities and Compounding Effects, The Handbook of Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice, 10.1002/9781119113799, (17-38),

Meghan E. Hollis, Wesley G. Jennings, Racial disparities in police use-of-force: a state-of-the-art review, Policing: An International Journal, 10.1108/PIJPSM-09-2017-0112, 41, 2, (178-193),

Malcolm D. Holmes, Chapter 8 Police Violence across the Racial–Spatial Divide, Homicide and Violent Crime, 10.1108/S1521-613620180000023009, (139-158),

John L. Worrall, Stephen A. Bishopp, Scott C. Zinser, Andrew P. Wheeler, Scott W. Phillips, Exploring Bias in Police Shooting Decisions With Real Shoot/Don’t Shoot Cases, Crime & Delinquency, 10.1177/0011128718756038, 64, 9, (1171-1192),

Odis Johnson, Christopher St Vil, Keon L. Gilbert, Melody Goodman, Cassandra Arroyo Johnson, How neighborhoods matter in fatal interactions between police and men of color, Social Science & Medicine, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.11.024,

Natalie Todak, Lois James, A Systematic Social Observation Study of Police De-Escalation Tactics, Police Quarterly, 10.1177/1098611118784007, 21, 4, (509-543),

Meghan E. Hollis, Measurement issues in police use of force: a state-of-the-art review, Policing: An International Journal, 10.1108/PIJPSM-11-2017-0137, 41, 6, (844-858),

Jebadiha E. Potterf, Jason R. Pohl, A Black Teen, a White Cop, and a City in Turmoil: Analyzing Newspaper Reports on Ferguson, Missouri and the Death of Michael Brown, Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 10.1177/1043986218787732, 34, 4, (421-441),

Roland G. Fryer, Reconciling Results on Racial Differences in Police Shootings, AEA Papers and Proceedings, 10.1257/pandp.20181004, 108, (228-233),

P. Jeffrey Brantingham, Matthew Valasik, George O. Mohler, Does Predictive Policing Lead to Biased Arrests? Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial, Statistics and Public Policy, 10.1080/2330443X.2018.1438940, 5, 1, (1-6),

David Hemenway, Deborah Azrael, Andrew Conner, Matthew Miller, Variation in Rates of Fatal Police Shootings across US States: the Role of Firearm Availability, Journal of Urban Health, 10.1007/s11524-018-0313-z,

John A. Shjarback, State-mandated transparency: a discussion and examination of deadly force data among law enforcement agencies in Texas, Journal of Crime and Justice, 10.1080/0735648X.2018.1547353, (1-15),

Brandon Tregle, Justin Nix, Geoffrey P. Alpert, Disparity does not mean bias: making sense of observed racial disparities in fatal officer-involved shootings with multiple benchmarks, Journal of Crime and Justice, 10.1080/0735648X.2018.1547269, (1-14),

Molly McCarthy, Louise Porter, Michael Townsley, Geoffrey Alpert, Influence of community characteristics on serious police use of force events in an Australian policing jurisdiction: a test of minority threat, social disorganisation, and ecological contamination theories, Policing and Society, 10.1080/10439463.2018.1493109, (1-18),

Lois James, Natalie Todak, Joanne Savage, Unnecessary Force by Police: Insights from Evolutionary Psychology, Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 10.1093/police/pay025,

Christopher M. Donner, Nicole Popovich, Hitting (or missing) the mark, Policing: An International Journal, 10.1108/PIJPSM-05-2018-0060,

Jose Torres, Timothy Reling, James Hawdon, Role Conflict and the Psychological Impacts of the Post-Ferguson Period on Law Enforcement Motivation, Cynicism, and Apprehensiveness, Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 10.1007/s11896-018-9284-y,

William De Soto, Do Police Officers in the USA Protect and Serve All Citizens Equally?, Social Sciences, 10.3390/socsci7100190, 7, 10, (190),

Lorna Durrant, Nerissa LeBlanc Gillum, White Fathers and Their Black–White Biracial Sons, Marriage & Family Review, 10.1080/01494929.2017.1403994, 54, 4, (374-392),

John A. Shjarback, Justin Nix, Scott E. Wolfe, The Ecological Structuring of Police Officers’ Perceptions of Citizen Cooperation, Crime & Delinquency, 10.1177/0011128717743779, 64, 9, (1143-1170),

Bradley A. Campbell, Justin Nix, Edward R. Maguire, Is the Number of Citizens Fatally Shot by Police Increasing in the Post-Ferguson Era?, Crime & Delinquency, 10.1177/0011128716686343, 64, 3, (398-420),

Joseph A. Gramagila, Scott W. Phillips, Police Officers’ Perceptions of Body-Worn Cameras in Buffalo and Rochester, American Journal of Criminal Justice, 10.1007/s12103-017-9403-9, 43, 2, (313-328),

Gillian M. Pinchevsky, Justin Nix, Domestic Disturbances and Fatal Police Shootings: An Analysis of the Washington Post’s Data, Police Quarterly, 10.1177/1098611117735657, 21, 1, (53-76),

Lois James, The Stability of Implicit Racial Bias in Police Officers, Police Quarterly, 10.1177/1098611117732974, 21, 1, (30-52),

Steven J. Briggs, The selection of police pursuits of fleeing motorists for coverage in newspapers, Journal of Crime and Justice, 10.1080/0735648X.2017.1373691, 41, 3, (310-321),

Hyeyoung Lim, Police Bias, Use of Deadly Force, Public Outcry, Criminology & Public Policy, 10.1111/1745-9133.12293, 16, 1, (305-308),