“We can’t have a confrontation between Bolivian brothers,” he said. “I am making an urgent appeal to resolve any differences with dialogue.”

Late on Monday night, Mr. Morales posted a message on Twitter acknowledging that he was on his way out of the country, thanking Mexico for giving him asylum and expressing sorrow that he had to abandon the country “for political reasons.” But he added: “I will return soon with more strength and energy.”

After the resignations by top government officials in the line of succession, a leading opposition politician said she was ready to take the reins of power until new elections could be held.

The politician, Jeanine Añez Chavez, the Senate’s second vice president, appeared on television Monday morning before boarding a plane for La Paz, sobbing as she described the chaos of the night before. “Bolivia doesn’t deserve this, all these deaths and destruction,” she said, before promising a quick transition “that is absolutely necessary to return to a democracy.”

But it is unclear if she would get the necessary approval from the national assembly, which is controlled by Mr. Morales’s supporters

Mr. Morales appeared to be in hiding in a province where he has traditionally had much support. Late Sunday he said on Twitter that the police were seeking to arrest him “illegally” and that “violent groups” had broken into his house. He was not home at the time.