Just months before undertaking the most forbidding journey in his life as a young missionary to a remote Indian Ocean island, John Allen Chau was blindfolded and dropped off on a dirt road in a remote part of Kansas.

After a long walk, he found a mock village in the woods inhabited by missionaries dressed in odd thrift-store clothes, pretending not to understand a word he said. His role was to preach the gospel. The others were supposed to be physically aggressive. Some came at him with fake spears, speaking gibberish.

It was part of an intensive and somewhat secretive three-week missionary training camp. Mary Ho, the international executive leader for All Nations, the organisation that ran the training, said, “John was one of the best participants in this experience that we have ever had.”

For Chau, 26, the boot camp was the culmination of years of meticulous planning that involved linguistics training and studying to become an emergency medical technician, as well as forgoing full-time jobs so he could travel and toughen himself up.

He did it all with the single-minded goal of breaking through to the people of North Sentinel Island, a remote outpost of hunters and gatherers in the Andaman Sea who had shown tremendous hostility to outsiders.

It was an obsession. Ever since Chau had learned in high school through a missionary website, the Joshua Project, that the North Sentinel people were perhaps the most isolated in the world, he was hooked. Much of what he did the rest of his short life was directed towards this mission.

A review of hundreds of pages of his journals and blog postings, as well as interviews with two dozen people from around the world — fellow missionaries, family members and relatives of fishermen in the Andaman Islands — reveal a portrait of a joyful adventurer with a zest for life who resisted all warnings, despite being told repeatedly he might be killed.

“My folks tried to talk him out of it,” said John Ramsey, a friend. “He said it was what he felt called to do, and he was pretty made up in his mind already so it didn’t seem like persuasion would do a lot of good anyway.”

As he prepared for the mission, Chau stepped up his exercise routine, doing push-ups, jogging and being careful what he ate.

Friends said he did not expect to die and had taken all precautions he could think of to survive, including packing what he called an “initial contact response kit'’ with dental forceps to remove arrows.

Many of his friends admitted they knew the mission was extremely dangerous — and illegal because for years the Indian government has prohibited outsiders from visiting the island.

But they also said they were in awe of what he was trying to do, seeing Chau as a pure expression of their faith.

His mission failed. After landing on North Sentinel in mid-November wearing only black underpants — Chau thought that would make the islanders feel more comfortable — he struggled to communicate.

The islanders were aggressive, as they have been with just about everyone else who had tried to make contact with them.

They shouted at him. They shot arrows. Then they killed him.

His body is still on the beach. Indian police officers are afraid to retrieve it, lest they increase the hostilities.

His friends mourn the loss of someone they describe as a real character: good-looking but perennially single, always exploring, even landing a beef jerky sponsorship that gave him all the free jerky he could eat for his travels.

But many fellow Christians, including some of his friends, are uncomfortable with what he did.

“He was caught up in a dangerous set of ideologies that helped drive him to do something so unwise,” said Kaleb Graves, a student pastor in Arkansas who befriended Chau at a linguistics institute last year.

“He should have known better.”

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“He Was Well Aware of the Dangers”

In the Book of Matthew, the resurrected Jesus says: “Go and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you.”

This passage is known as the Great Commission, and several of Chau’s friends said more than anything else, it explained why Chau did what he did.

Preparations for his trip to North Sentinel picked up last year. He completed a summer course at the Canada Institute of Linguistics, in British Columbia, where he hunkered down in a dorm room stacked with books and jars of peanut butter, immersing himself in phonology and phonetics.

He was determined to translate the Bible into the language the people on North Sentinel speak, which has stumped anthropologists who say it is unintelligible even to people who live on nearby islands.

He told his friends he wanted to immerse himself in the culture and stay for years.

An Isolated People

In a world where just about every mile is mapped, North Sentinel remains an enigma. The people there have resisted contact from outsiders for as long as there are records.

In 1880, a 19-year-old British naval officer impetuously kidnapped several islanders and brought them back to Port Blair. Some soon died and later the officer wondered if this episode had increased the islanders’ hostility.

Around this time, the British, who were the imperial power in the region, began building up Port Blair, home to a large prison.

Vishvajit Pandya, an Indian anthropologist, said the people on North Sentinel used to trade with other islanders and possibly intermarry with them, but the British expansion disrupted those ties, isolating North Sentinel.

The population of the island has now fallen to between 50 and 100, which anthropologists say could be a threat to survival.

From what anthropologists surmise, the islanders are related to other Andaman ethnic groups. All are believed to have migrated from Africa tens of thousands of years ago.

The people on North Sentinel eat fish and turtles, wear bark belts around their waists and carry long bows to fire arrows. They have killed several outsiders, including fishermen, who have stepped on their beach.

Nevertheless, Chau was determined to go there alone.

He thought his size would make him less threatening, John Ramsey said. Chau was about 5 feet, 6 inches tall and 130 pounds.

In October 2017, Chau began his missionary training at All Nations’ headquarters in Kansas City, Missouri. He attended lectures, spoke with anthropologists and participated in the village simulation exercise.

That exercise, said Mary Ho of All Nations, was “designed to reflect an amalgamation of many different aspects of language and culture that a missionary might encounter on the field.”

Chau performed impressively, she said. Still, there were concerns.

His planned trip to North Sentinel had no precedent. And missionaries usually travel in teams. Others were willing to go with him, Ms Ho said, but he refused, saying it was too dangerous.

Amazonian tribe captured in rare drone footage from Brazil

Making Contact

Chau landed in Port Blair on 16 October, travelled to another island in the Andamans and then returned to Port Blair.

There, he holed up for 11 days in a small apartment he referred to as a “safe house” in a long note police found after his death. He wrote that he never saw sunlight that whole time.

Police say he was doing this to avoid being spotted; his friends say he was trying to prevent himself from getting sick to protect the islanders, whose immune systems have been isolated so long some experts say they could be wiped out by the common cold.

With the help of a local evangelical, Chau hired five fishermen. Their boat was a battered wooden craft about 30 feet long, with a roof made of bamboo sticks and a plastic tarp. They chugged out the night of 14 November.

When they reached North Sentinel in the morning, Chau assembled a collapsible kayak because the fishermen refused to go to the island with him, insisting on staying a half-mile out.

Chau saw some islanders on the beach, paddled up to them and tried to preach, saying: “My name is John, I love you and Jesus loves you,'’ according to the note. They raised their bows and he paddled back to the fishing boat.

A few hours later, he tried walking onto the beach with some gifts like scissors and safety pins.

A boy shot an arrow into a waterproof Bible he was carrying.

Another islander, a man wearing a crown possibly made of flowers, stood on a coral rock and yelled at him.

Vishvajit Pandya, one of the few anthropologists to have set foot on North Sentinel, said these were clear warnings.

The islanders, he said, were saying: “I don’t want to engage with you, go away.”

“If they were so savage,” Mr Pandya said, “they would have slaughtered him straight away.”

The islanders chased Chau into the surf. He saw the fishermen far away, standing in the boat, waving their arms up and down, and swam to them.

The last part of the note conveys fear. He wrote, “It almost seems like certain death to stay here.”

But the next morning he insisted on sending the fishing boat away, saying in the letter he had met someone in South Africa who went through a similar experience on a different island in the Andamans and won the trust of islanders only after being dropped off by a boat.

He seemed now to be contemplating the end, writing in the note, “Remember, the first one to heaven wins.”

The fishermen told the police the next morning that Chau swam to the island. They then went to the ocean to fish.

When they returned to North Sentinel a day later to check on him, they saw a group of islanders on the beach dragging Chau’s body with a rope.

All five fishermen have been arrested, along with two others, accused of helping lead Chau to his death.