A no-deal Brexit would force the UK to “submit” to Donald Trump rather than “taking back control” from the European Union (EU), experts have warned.

Any trade deal with the US would be “entirely on their terms” and would open up Britain’s health service, pharmaceutical industry and food market to American corporate interests, Professor Alex de Ruyter, director of Birmingham City University’s Centre for Brexit Studies, told The Independent.

Negotiating objectives outlined by Mr Trump’s administration include full market access for US drug firms and a block on British state institutions – such as the NHS – discriminating against American companies when purchasing goods and services.

The US is also demanding “comprehensive market access” for its agricultural firms, which have long complained about Europe’s ban on chlorine-washed chicken, hormone-boosted beef, and genetically modified crops.

“We wouldn’t be taking back control, we would be submitting to someone else’s wishes,” Prof de Ruyter said.

How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe Show all 14 1 /14 How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe Passports British passports that expire after 29 March 2019 will continue to be valid as UK travel documents, but will lose the power that comes with being a European Union passport – notably the right of free movement within the EU27. UK passports issued from 30 March 2019 will have the words “European Union” removed from the cover and the first page (along with the translations into Welsh and Gaelic). But they will still be burgundy. By October 2019, new British passports will have dark blue covers Getty How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe Pets You will still be able to travel to the EU with your pet after Brexit, but it could well get more complicated depending on the status that the European Union decide to apply. If the UK is given “Part 2 listed status”, there would be some extra requirements for travelling pets and owners post-Brexit. “These would require an additional visit to the vet and some additional papers to be carried but would not prevent you from enjoying your trip,” says Eurotunnel. But it adds that if the UK is given unlisted, third-country status, “owners who wish to travel with their pets from the UK to EU nations will need to discuss their specific preparations and requirements with an Official Veterinarian at least four months prior to their desired travel date AFP/Getty How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe Eurotunnel/Eurostar The Treaty of Canterbury between the UK and France governs the Channel Tunnel link and operations will continue – subject to any local disruption at Folkestone and/or Calais AFP/Getty How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe Driving Motorists, whether taking their own cars or hiring abroad, are likely to need to obtain an International Driving Permit or two; different EU countries are signed up to different treaties, so for a trip embracing Spain and France you would need both types. These are currently sold from a limited number of Post Offices, but the government intends to make them widely available. The cost is £5.50 for each. Motor insurance will no longer automatically extend to the EU. Insurers will provide on request a “Green Card”, for which an extra charge will be made PA How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe Flights Even in the event of a no-deal Brexit, flights will continue to operate between the UK and European Union. However, in the event of the UK leaving with no deal, many flights are likely to be cancelled because departures would be capped at 2018 levels. As UK airlines have already announced thousands of new flights to Europe from the end of March 2019, some would have to be cancelled Getty How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe Air routes The network of flight links between Britain and eastern Europe could be affected by any reduction in the number of workers from those countries. Not only do they use the flights – so do their families and friends PA How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe Flight disruption rights Current European passengers’ rights rules, known as EC261/2004, stipulate high payouts for delays and cancellations that cannot be attributed to “extraordinary circumstances”. Buried in a document called Beyond the Horizon: The Future of UK Aviation, the government says “the UK will not fall below current standards of protection when we leave the EU” AFP/Getty How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe Entry regulations to the European Union From 11pm GMT on 29 March 2019, UK travellers will become “third-country nationals” when travelling to Schengen countries and subject to the standard rules of admission for citizens of nations such as the US, Japan and Australia. That means there must be at least 90 days (roughly three months) left on your passport beyond your intended date of departure. Because third-country nationals can remain in the Schengen area for 90 days, the actual check carried out could be that the passport has at least six months’ validity remaining on the date of arrival Getty How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe Online registration prior to travel – ETIAS From 2021, non-EU nationals who do not require a visa to enter the Schengen area – including British travellers – will need to request prior authorisation to visit Schengen countries. The Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) is aimed at reducing the “migration, security or public-health risk” from nationals of visa-exempt third countries, which is what the UK will become after Brexit. It costs €7 for three years AFP/Getty How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe ‘Brexit clauses’ A large number of travel providers – even including National Express coaches – have added “Brexit clauses” to their terms and conditions. These generally specify that they will not be liable for “consequential losses” as a result of Brexit-related issues PA How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe ‘Fast track’ lanes for passport control entering EU countries British passport holders will not be able to use them, and must join the queue for third-country nationals. People holding an EU passport or ID card as well as a British passport will be able to exit the UK on the British passport but enter Europe on the EU document Getty How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe Ferries The ferry industry insists vessels will continue to sail. The UK Chamber of Shipping says: “Unlike the carriage of cargo, trade deals do not have a significant effect on the cruise and passenger ferry industry. The explicit standardisation of commodity codes and tariffs associated with trade deals have little relevance to holidaymakers.” Having said that, the government and Kent County Council are planning for possible chaos at Channel ports because of a backlog of trucks in the event of a no-deal Brexit. This would impinge on holidaymakers’ plans PA How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) The EU says: “If you fall ill or have an accident during a visit to another EU country, as an EU citizen you have the right to receive the necessary public healthcare in any EU country under the same conditions as people in the host country.” The EHIC also works in Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Treatment, says the NHS, is “at a reduced cost or, in many cases, free of charge”. From 11pm GMT on 29 March 2019, when the UK ceases to belong to the European Union, British travellers will have no automatic right to use the EHIC. There is no certainty about what may replace it PA How Brexit will affect your travel to Europe Mobile phones From 30 March 2019, the law banning mobile phone firms from charging extra for calls and data in Europe will cease, though operators have yet to set out exactly what will replace it. In theory, mobile phone firms can impose whatever fees they think the market will bear. But Dave Dyson, chef executive of Three, says his firm is “committed to maintain the availability of roaming in the EU at no additional cost following Brexit” AFP/Getty

Theresa May’s government has yet to publish its own demands for a US deal but has said it would insist on “high standards for businesses, workers and consumers”.

The UK, which has an economy seven times smaller than the US, was in a “very weak” negotiating position without the collective clout of the EU, said Prof de Ruyter, who has previously warned Brexit would leave the UK worse off and could even trigger the breakup of the NHS.

“This a country that’s just cut itself off from its biggest market, desperate to seek new economic agreements with anyone,” he added. “If you see the sort of way [the US] are now engaged with trade disputes with China and India, and you compare them to Britain – a small- to middling-sized economy in the North Atlantic – there isn’t much to negotiate. It’s take it on our terms or nothing.”

Ilona Serwicka, a research fellow in the economics of Brexit at the UK Trade Policy Observatory echoed these concerns.

“The language of the UK-US document is aggressive: demanding concessions but offering little in return,” she said. “While the EU may have been able to resist US pressure, after Brexit, the UK may find it more difficult given its very weak negotiating position.”

Europe’s single market has a GDP of £14.3 trillion, more than seven times that of the UK’s alone.

Britain sold £112bn of good and services to the US – its largest single trading partner – in 2017, amounting to 18 per cent of Britain’s total exports. US exports to the UK in the same year were worth £93bn, some 3.6 per cent of total American sales around the world.

The US ambassador to the UK said Mr Trump was clear that any trade deal between the two countries “has to include farming and farm products”.

Speaking to the BBC’s Radio 4 Today programme, Woody Johnson dismissed criticism of American agricultural practices as a “marketing campaign … designed perhaps by the EU” to create barriers to US products.

The National Farmers Union and the RSPCA have voiced fears that the UK could sign a deal which threatens food safety and animal welfare, prompting Downing Street to insist it “will not lower our food standards as part of a future trading agreement”.

International trade secretary Liam Fox also promised to protect the NHS during negotiations, after campaigners warned US objectives would allow American companies to “run riot” in the health service.

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He told the Commons International Trade Committee that the government would insist that “public service regulation will be exempt from the treaty”.

Dr Fox said the US negotiating objectives were “exactly what we expected to see, because it is exactly what the US has done in other trade negotiations”.

The objectives are the opening gambit in what are expected to be lengthy negotiations stretching over a number of years.

Prof de Ruyter predicted there was “no way on earth” the UK and US would reach a deal unless Britain crashed out of Europe without a withdrawal agreement.