On This Day

Tuesday 28th October 1941

78 years ago

Jazz saxophonist Leon “Chu” Berry (33) was mortally injured while riding in an automobile taking members of the Cab Calloway Band to an engagement in Toronto, Canada. Berry died on October 31st. The band left his chair empty for weeks afterwards as a sign of respect. Dan Morgenstern, director of the Institute of Jazz Studies at Rutgers University, commented that, "Considering the brevity of Chu's life, and that his recording career spans a mere decade, it is remarkable that his name continues to loom large in the annals of jazz. Had he lived, there is no doubt that he would be ensconced in the jazz pantheon alongside Coleman Hawkins and Lester Young. He was that good. Inspired by Coleman Hawkins (whom he heard on tour) to take up the saxophone, Berry played the alto instrument while at Lincoln High School in Wheeling and at West Virginia State College in Charleston. After playing with his sister for high school dances, Berry's first band experience occurred in a 15-piece group in Wheeling and a college band in Charleston. In summer 1928, Berry returned to the Ohio Valley after a year in college and joined the “swingingest jazz band around,” Perry's Broadway Buddies. In 1929, he received his first nationally important professional engagement when he joined the Sammy Stewart band in Columbus and Chicago. Within months he made his first foray into New York and its jazz scene. He switched from alto sax to tenor sax after he joined the Stewart band and met and performed with tenor saxophonist Cecil Scott's band. Among the major groups with which he played were the bands of Benny Carter, (1930) Teddy Hill, (1933-35) Fletcher Henderson (1936) to whom he contributed the song “Christopher Columbus” and ultimately Cab Calloway, with whom he joined up with in 1937. He performed as sideman or on recordings with many of the best known artists of the era from Bessie Smith, Billie Holiday, to Count Basie. As a member of Cab Calloway's Cotton Club Orchestra, Berry set new standards for the band, and was in the line up with Mario Bauza and a young Dizzy Gillespie. Berry was strongly influenced by Coleman Hawkins, but soon developed his own distinctive style. He was Hawkins’ equal in harmonic sophistication and his superior when it came to swing and drive. Excelling at performing in fast tempos, where his remarkable breath control, unerring sense of time, and even, strong tone production were his forte. He displayed a powerful momentum with an accuracy and fondness for plaintive high notes. . Berry was especially adept at inserting a lot of individuality into a short space; he was brilliant in eight bars, a quality that endeared him to bandleaders. His recordings are available as a recent compilation on Mosaic as “Chu Berry, The Classic Columbia and Victor Sides.” It is a seven disc box set, which covers much of the sax mans material and featured recordings, from early dates with Benny Carter, to the bulk of the music being from the Calloway era. Conn introduced several models of both alto and tenor saxophones in his honor, the ‘Chu Berry Portrait Model’ which are now cherished by vintage collectors and players alike.