The novel coronavirus has infected more than 89,000 people and killed 3,000, including six people in the US.

Public health officials are encouraging Americans to prepare by stocking up on necessary food, drink, and medications; making plans to work from home if possible; and being diligent about hand-washing and avoiding people who are sick.

Still, a significant portion of Americans say they're not concerned and not doing anything to prepare, an Insider survey found.

Business Insider talked to some of these "non-preppers" about why they aren't panicking, as well as social scientists about what differentiates worriers from those who are more carefree.

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As a new mom to an 8-month-old, Clare Rager is primed to worry.

But the lawyer living in Cambridge, Massachusetts, isn't so concerned about an outbreak of the novel coronavirus — which has so far infected more than 89,000 people globally and killed more than 3,000, including six in the US — in her community or household.

"From what I understand, it's not really impacting babies or people without comorbidities. That's how I'm getting comfortable with it," Rager told Business Insider. "The flu happens every year, and I'm going to live my life."

Rager refuses to cancel her family's flight to Japan in July for the Olympics, a trip that was planned over a year ago. "Short of a travel ban, we are going to Japan come hell or high water," she said.

Rager is among the third of Americans who say they're either "not so" or "not at all" concerned about the coronavirus's potential impact on their daily lives, according to an Insider poll of 1,051 US adults conducted February 27.

A quarter of respondents also said they weren't taking any steps — like considering cancelling travel plans, stocking up on food and medications, and cleaning surfaces and washing hands — to prepare for an outbreak, even though public health officials are encouraging Americans to do just that.

Insider talked to some of these "non-preppers" about why they're unfazed by the potential pandemic, and to social scientists about what sets them apart from those who go to the other extreme.

The house where Tony Arias stayed with friends who were formerly quarantined. They "had big meals and [sang] karaoke," he told Insider. Tony Arias

People who aren't worrying or preparing often compare the virus to the flu

Tony Arias, an advertising professional visiting family in Spain, recently spent a weekend with his friends two weeks after they were quarantined because of their travels in Shanghai.

"Guess what? We're all here and it's OK," he said.

He thinks that, rather than worry about potentially acquiring the illness, people should be concerned about how that anxiety could trigger other issues, like small companies closing and the stock market plummeting. "That cascade effect will hit us harder than the actual [virus,]" he said.

Isa Herrera, a pelvic floor physical therapist in New York City, told Insider her stress level over the virus is a one on a scale of 1 to 10, even though she lived through 9/11, which taught her she wasn't, and still isn't, prepared for an emergency.

"I think it's a lot of hype about this virus," she said. Herrera won't be alarmed unless the number of people in th e US who are infected and dying exceeds that of the flu. (The CDC estimates as many as 45 million people in the US have been infected with the flu and as many as 46,000 have died from it since October 1.)

Herrera spent the weekend doing what she'd normally do: grocery shopping and cooking, hanging out with friends, and going out to dinner.

Susan McVea, a business sales strategist on Canada's west coast, told Insider she's not that concerned, despite having two conditions that compromise her immune system — fibromyalgia and asthma.

Her family uses the meal-kit service Hello Fresh, but they won't stock up on backup food unless it's clear that will be suspended.

"For us, [the virus] is similar to a bad flu, and [we're] making sure we practice common sense, good hygiene, and living our life as usual." McVea's weekend was like any other: She took her kids to swim lessons, went to the gym, and ran errands.

Andrea Huspeni credits her New York City residence with making her immune to hypochondria. Geoff Woodcock

Andrea Huspeni, founder of This Dog's Life, credits living in New York City for making her immune to hypochondria. "If I thought about every germ that I encountered on a daily basis, I would go crazy and never leave my house," she said. "And I am not going to start now."

Plus, she said, "it's not good for my mental health to worry about things I can't prevent. Rather, I am just going to keep on living and take things day by day, instead of filling my head up with 'what ifs.'"

Some people aren't shying away from big gatherings, even as conferences are canceled around the world.

New York City Beer Week officially kicked off on February 22 and wrapped up Sunday, the day after the World Health Organization recognized the virus as the "highest level" of risk.

Attendance at the opening bash was "considerably larger" than last year, attendees or venues didn't raise coronavirus-related concerns, and only a handful of people requested refunds due to sickness, Ann Reilly, the executive director of the New York City Brewers Guild, told Business Insider.

"Truthfully, we've been lucky and have not had the fervor affect our attendance levels," she said.

Attendance at New York City Beer Week's opening party was up this year. Hero Images/Getty Images

Whether people panic or proceed as usual is influenced by messaging

Anthony F. Lemieux, a social psychologist and director of Georgia State University's Global Studies Institute, said whether people tend towards anxiety or nonchalance in the face of a potential threat depends largely on their assessment of how susceptible they are and how severe the threat is.

"If people don't have a sense of either or both of those things, it's less likely to motivate any actual response," he said.

In the case of the coronavirus, the messaging has been inconsistent, with President Trump first saying the outbreak "may get a little bigger; it may not get bigger at all," while health officials said it was inevitable that the coronavirus would spread inside the US.

Social media has also "spread erroneous rumors" about fatality rates, Rosemary Taylor, an associate professor of sociology and community health at Tufts University, said.

News media has delivered conflicting messages, with outlets like Fox News downplaying the threat in a dangerous way, the Global Editor-in-Chief of Insider Inc., Nicholas Carlson, wrote.

Taylor, who teaches a course called "Epidemics: Plagues, Peoples and Politics," said that in order for people to take the threat seriously without panic, the US needs "government transparency, a robust belief in scientific data, and a faith in international cooperation — to all of which President Trump has expressed antagonism in the past."

A grocery shopper in California may be more likely to worry and prepare than one on the East Coast. AP Photo/Damian Dovarganes

Situation, location, and personality matters too

There are also specific situations and personality characteristics that decide how people respond to an incoming threat like the coronavirus.

People with compromised immune systems as well as older people are at higher risk of complications and death from the virus, and so are more likely to be concerned for their own well-being, Taylor said. Others are anxious about the economy. Living in places like Washington state and California, where outbreaks have started popping up, also could up the perception of susceptibility.

People who already have health anxiety or generalized anxiety disorder are more likely to worry about potential threats like the coronavirus "because such people frequently overestimate threats and underestimate coping abilities," Julie Pike, a clinical psychologist who specializes in anxiety disorders, previously told Insider.

Some of it, though, is just personality. Michelle Dimuzio, a graphic designer in New York City, said she's not worried simply because she's "not the worrying type."

Handwashing is one of the most effective ways to protect yourself from the novel coronavirus. r.classen/Shutterstock

Experts recommend everyone take reasonable precautions

No matter your situation, public-health experts recommend washing your hands frequently and thoroughly, avoiding face-touching, and keeping your distance from sick people.

Consider buying some extra non-perishable groceries, looking into ways to work from home if necessary, and limiting your media exposure to a few trusted sources.

"We don't want to see people be too complacent and nonchalant," Lemiux said. "But on the other hand, too much fear causes all kinds of strange behaviors" like, in this case, hoarding face masks.