A map indicating the major ancient and medieval states in sub-Saharan Africa. Areas and dates relate to a state at its peak. In addition, shaded areas are approximate indicators only. For the majority of the states, their precise borders are not known or disputed amongst scholars.



Based upon maps from:



The Penguin Atlas of African History

UNESCO General History of Africa Vol. II-V

The Cambridge History of Africa Vol. 1-3

The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Africa

Collins Atlas of World History