Measures how a society ranks on a spectrum stretching from democracy to despotism. Explains how societies and nations can be measured by the degree that power is concentrated and respect for the individual is restricted. Where does your community, state and nation stand on these scales?The companion Encyclopedia Britannica Film "Democracy" can be found here.

Illustrates the thesis that all communities can be ranged on a scale running from democracy to despotism. The two chief characteristics of despotism -- restricted respect and concentrated power -- are defined and illustrated. Two of the conditions which have historically promoted the growth of despotism are explained and exemplified. These are a slanted economic distribution and a strict control of the agencies of communication.



The end of World War II gave impetus to the "one-worlder movement." Sparked by the sense that nationalism engendered conflict, this movement for world government viewed nationhood as a relic made obsolete in an age of economic interdependence and rapid air transportation. The movement was marked by the release of films calling for world government, such as Man: One Family; We, the Peoples; Brotherhood of Man; and Our Shrinking World, and exposing the nature of fascist and authoritarian rule.

Despotism treats the idea of nationhood differently than most other educational films. It sees nations not as static entities but dynamically, moving towards democracy or despotism as conditions change. This outlook doesn't mesh well with old clichZ<caron>s about patriotism and democracy, because it doesn't necessarily see the American system as democracy's highest achievement.

Despotism offers a number of indicators by which the degree of democracy or despotism in a society can be measured, using a sliding, thermometer-like animated scale. According to an article in The New York Times (March 16, 1946), an advisory board of educators debated for eighteen months (at seventy-five conferences) over the definition of the terms "democracy" and "despotism," the titles of the two films released at the same time. Finally, a compromise was reached, resulting in the "respect scale" and the "power scale" that we see in Despotism.

So how does our own system measure up? The film becomes a little frightening as we consider where we stand with regard to indicators like economic distribution, concentration of land ownership, regressive taxation and centralized control of information. Draw your own conclusions.







Politics Political science Democracy Despotism Dictatorship Censorship Newspapers Rubber stamps Freedom of the press Communism Germany (Nazi) Third Reich Students Teachers Political Indoctrination Propaganda Mass communications Animation Graphic design Cartoons Animation Scales (sliding) Information (visual) Surrealism Capitalism Economics

[Despotism. An Erpi Classroom Film. Produced by Encyclopaedia Britannica Films, Inc. in collaboration with Harold D. Lasswell, Ph.D., Yale University. Copyright MCMXLV by Encyclopaedia Britannica Films Inc. All rights reserved. main titles graphic design art cards]

You can roughly locate any community in the world somewhere along a scale running all the way from democracy to despotism. One at the democracy end, another somewhere in the middle, and a third (inaudible). [rotating globes rulers animation graphs charts measurement quantification scales measures points pointers]

Let's find out about despotism. This man makes it his job to study these things. "Well for one thing, avoid the comfortable idea that the mere form of government can of itself safeguard a nation against despotism. [maps charts wallcharts professors academics commentators authorities]

Germany under President Hindenburg was a republic. And yet in this republic an aggressive despotism took root and flourished under Adolf Hitler. [maps flags art cards swastikas animation James Brill narrators]

When a competent observer looks for signs of despotism in a community, he looks beyond fine words and noble phrases." ". . . for which it stands, one nation indivisible with liberty and justice for all." [saluting flag pledge of allegiance flags hands over hearts lynchings hangings gallows capital punishment condemnation death murder ropes nooses]

"Many observers have found that two workable yardsticks help in discovering how near a community is to despotism. The respect scale and the power scale. [goal variables charts graphs posters pointing fingers]

A careful observer can use a respect scale to find how many citizens get an even break. As a community moves towards despotism, respect is restricted to fewer people. [shared fairness equality]

A community is low on a respect scale if common courtesy is withheld from large groups of people on account of their political attitudes; if people are rude to others because they think their wealth and position gives them that right, or because they don't like a man's race or his religion. [drugstores soda Palmer Pharmacy pharmacies prescriptions candy cosmetics Scarlet Stores pedestrians people walking sidewalks storm troopers goons fascists military uniforms SA men SS men brownshirts brown shirts Nazis Sam Browne belts leather boots spectators Good Germans Jewish people Jews anti-Semitism antisemitism racism prejudice bigotry private doors offices bosses employers management class chauvinism classism For a quiet, restful vacation. Camp Gentilhomme on the Lake. Reservation Blank. Gentlemen: Enclosed please find $ --- deposit for my party of: name, address, date of arrival, religion. We solicit Gentile patronage only. Are there any Hebrews in your party? Yes or no. I hereby swear that the above statements are true. Signed application blanks pencils pointing]

Equal opportunity for all citizens to develop useful skills is one basis for rating a community on a respect scale. The opportunity to develop useful skills is important but not enough. [schools colleges universities lawns trees graduates steps stairs mothers cap and gown mortarboards parental pride pictures snapshots photography parents diplomas]

The equally important opportunity to put skills to use is a further test on a respect scale. [newspapers jobs applications employment offices unemployment work lines employment agencies]

A power scale is another important yardstick of despotism. It gauges the citizen's share in making the community's decisions. Communities which concentrate decision making in a few hands rate low on a power scale and are moving towards despotism. Like France under the Bourbon kings, one of whom said, "The state - I am the state." [shared concentrated political power democracy equestrian statues horses statuary public art]

Today democracy can ebb away in communities whose citizens allow power to become concentrated in the hands of bosses. "What I say goes. See, I'm the law around here. Ha ha ha." [government buildings smoke fires political power Tammany Hall machines laughs laughing newspaper reporters press]

The test of despotic power is that it can disregard the will of the people. It rules without the consent of the governed. [Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 booklets opening inserts printed pieces In Congress, the unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.]

Look beyond the legal formalities of an election in measuring a community on the power scale to see if the ballot is really free. [fascists Nazis elections voting booths rigged storm troopers soldiers terrorism voters crosses hats uniforms Sam Browne belts hats control]

If the citizens can vote only the way they are told, a community approaches despotism.

When legislatures become ceremonial assemblies only, and have no real control over lawmaking, their community rates low on a power scale. "Sieg Heil. Sieg Heil." [Germany Third Reich Nazis Adolf Hitler swastikas ceremonies applause clapping newsreels salutes fascists fascism]

In a downright despotism, opposition is dangerous whether the despotism is official or whether it is unofficial. [signs fences concentration camps Camp 33 for Political Offenders political prisoners prisons prison camps hoods hanging nooses ropes executions deaths capital punishment condemned people murder flames fires burning crosses Ku Klux Klan terrorism hoods racism]

"The spread of respect and power in a community is influenced by certain conditions which many observers measure by means of the economic distribution and information scales." [instrumental variables]

If a community's economic distribution becomes slanted, its middle income groups grow smaller and despotism stands a better chance to gain a foothold. [balanced distribution of wealth money affluence poverty]

Where land is privately owned, one sign of a poorly balanced economy is the concentration of land ownership in the hands of a very small number of people.

When farmers lose their farms they lose their independence. This one can stay on, but not as his own boss any more. To the extent that this condition exists throughout a nation, the likelihood of despotism is increased. [couples men women John J. Shea v. Walter Leeds. Judgment of Foreclosure and Sale. mortgages fingers pointing United States maps animation]

In communities which depend almost entirely on a single industry, such as a factory or mine, maintaining economic balance is a challenging problem. [company towns monopolies smokestacks factories animation]

If this condition exists over the nation as a whole, so that the control of jobs and business opportunities is in a few hands, despotism stands a good chance. Another sign of a poorly balanced economy is a taxation system that presses heaviest on those least able to pay. [animation money graphs wealth national revenue large incomes small incomes regressive taxation]

A larger part of a small income is spent on necessities such as food. Sales taxes on such necessities hit the small income harder. [pie charts pie graphs large income small income]

In the days of the salt tax, feudal despotisms were partly sustained by this and other (inaudible). [historical recreations Colonial North America taxation without representation]

A community rates low on an information scale when the press, radio, and other channels of communication are controlled by only a few people and when citizens have to accept what they are told. In communities of this kind, despotism stands a good chance. [uncontrolled media monopolies monopolization oligopolies Time Warner Disney ABC Capital Cities Westinghouse CBS NBC General Electric Fox News Corporation Turner CNN critical evaluation automatic acceptance]

See how a community trains its teachers. "Bear this in mind. Young people cannot be trusted to form their own opinions. This business about open-mindedness is nonsense. It's a waste of time trying to teach students to think for themselves. It's our job to tell 'em." [lecturers mental discipline drill classrooms agreement nodding heads manufacturing consent consensus]

And when teachers put such training into practice, despotism stands a good chance. These children are being taught to accept uncritically whatever they are told. Questions are not encouraged. [students conformity conditioning brainwashing writing learning education]

"How can you ask such a question? Have you got a textbook?" "Yes Ma'am." "Does it say here that our law courts are always just?" "Yes Ma'am." "Then how dare you question the fact? Sit down."

And so we aren't surprised when - "But it must be true. I saw it in this book right here."

And if books and newspapers and the radio are efficiently controlled, the people will read and accept exactly what the few in control want them to. Government censorship is one form of control. [Ministry of Propaganda plaques signs doors windows Internal Censorship censors rubber stamps passed by censor deletions blue pencils manuscripts]

A newspaper which breaks a government censorship rule can be suspended. It is also possible for newspapers and other forms of communication to be controlled by private interests. [The Daily Citizen press control proclamations This Newspaper is Suspended editors journalists newspaper offices Advertising Manager Mgr.]

"I thought I told you to kill that story. It'll cost us a lot of advertising." "If that story goes out, I quit." "All right." [firings]

What sort of community do you live in? Where would you place it on a democracy/despotism scale? To find out, you can rate it on a respect scale and a power scale. And to find out what way it is likely to go in the future, you can rate it on economic distribution and information scales. [cities wipes]

The lower your community rates on economic distribution and information scales, the lower it is likely to rate on respect and power scales and thus to approach despotism.

What happens in a single community is the problem of its own citizens, but it is also the problem of us all because as communities go, so goes the nation. [animation United States]

[Encyclopaedia Britannica Films Inc. Bring the World to the Classroom. end titles]



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Reviewer: panspecies - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - April 6, 2018

Subject: Reviewer: krew09 comment Subject: obvious Jewish Marxist propaganda



Typical neo-nazi, fascist, 'butch' homosexual, Schutzstaffel / pilot der Luftwaffe wannabe.



Manly mouth, when anonymous(e).

Mainly mouse, when outta da house.



Man of meal.

Can beat the stuffing out of a turkey.



Big man, in a bunch.

Alone, a paraplegic's lunch.



Yah, far-fetched; and I'm no Cassius Clay - Muhammad Ali when it comes to rhyme. - April 6, 2018Reviewer: krew09 comment

Reviewer: dahszil - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - May 28, 2015

Subject: All americans need to watch this update:@NewHampshireBoy. Point well taken. You are correct. it does not matter if we have a personal orientation to the left, liberal, moderate, conservative, right wing, we the common people of the USA(the 99% if you like, or whatever) are losing our rights faster than ever.



This film is so prescient of what is wrong with American government and its destructive effect on its citizens and the world today. Since end or ww2 we have been regressing towards a totalitarian police state. i think it is legitimate to point out it does exist in full today. And our government is an imperialist empire, just more subtle than that of Stalin, Hitler and Mao. Estimates are that the US corporations/military(yes i know Ike said military/industrial complex. but to me its misleading because it is all corporate influence not just arms manufacturers who run our government) empire are directly or indirectly responsible for 8 million deaths since ww2. google(or use your favorie search engine)William Blum, The National Security Archives at George Washington University, et al. Many will be surprised of the outrageous covert and overt deadly operations the US "deep state" has perpetrated. The one that changed the middle east for the worse was the overthrow of a Secular democracy in Iran by cia/mi6 in 1953. REASON: what else is not news:oil. Even the genius, beloved eccentric, president Mohammad Mossadegh won his case at The Hague for the Nationalization of Iran's oil. Of course the US and its lapdogs view national or international law "as just a piece of paper". And the overthrow of peaceful social democrat Salvador Allende in 1973 is just one of many examples. Kissinger and Pinochet rot in hell, among other "leaders"(lieing despots) of USA in the past decade or so. - May 28, 2015All americans need to watch this

Reviewer: NewHampshireBoy - favorite favorite favorite favorite - August 25, 2014

Subject: In 1946 terms, fairly well done. Reading all of the previous comments here I was struck by the nonsensical comments from those on the left and right. As far as I am concerned, the left-right paradigm is a bunch of unadulterated bullcrap. I am 65 and a US Navy veteran and feel that America is finished, past the tipping point in fact. We are headed for full fledged police state status and I could care less if its orientation is left or right. When the secret police come to take you away to be tortured or worse will it make any damned difference? - August 25, 2014In 1946 terms, fairly well done.

Reviewer: BenjaminS.T. - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - February 11, 2014

Subject: Despotism from Encyclopaedia Britannica Films I give this film historic educational film four stars. - February 11, 2014Despotism from Encyclopaedia Britannica Films

Reviewer: krew09 - favorite favorite favorite - October 16, 2013

Subject: obvious Jewish Marxist propaganda

http://winstonsmithministryoftruth.blogspot.com/

and type 6,000,000 in the top left search engine..you can view N.Y. TIMES articles of 6,000,000 Jews dying,6,000,000 Jews starving...6,000,000 Jews dying in holocausts going back to 1869............this,was before Hitler was even born. it takes about 1 minute of viewing to tell this is diversionary propaganda....You won't even have a clue till you understand how utterly deceived you have been on your history. Learn the truth about WWII ...simply read some old N.Y. TIMES articles too get a slap of reality...gotoand type 6,000,000 in the top left search engine..you can view N.Y. TIMES articles of 6,000,000 Jews dying,6,000,000 Jews starving...6,000,000 Jews dying in holocausts going back to 1869............this,was before Hitler was even born. - October 16, 2013obvious Jewish Marxist propaganda

Reviewer: wakeupscreaming - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - July 1, 2013

Subject: Fantastic Film This film, made in 1946, was made right after WWII ended in 1945.



The war united classes and different social groups. It stregthened ties and social capital was probably never greater for the allies. After all, when you all have a big boogeyman to depose (Hitler), it gives everone a common enemy to unite against.



That's possibly the only explanation I have why this film was made. But sadly today, a film like this would never be made for the masses, especially made for "classroom" consumption.

It simply demystifies too much what governments are doing behind closed doors.



Governments are trying to act more and more like corporations -- top-down autoritarian dictatorships. You don't vote or elect who your boss or manager is. Interesting how "free democratic" countries allow these private corporations to exist in their democracies.

Their organizational models are completely contradictory to one another.



People must thank "Encyclopaedia Britannica Films" for having made this. It simplifies very complex concepts into something anyone can understand. Something so clever, and to the point.



I do wonder why there hasn't been any film to update it? - July 1, 2013Fantastic Film

Reviewer: IC_deLight - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - May 22, 2013

Subject: Despotism - wherever an HOA corporation burdens property This film does an excellent job of identifying characteristics of despotism.



So when is the government going to stop mandating that all new housing be placed under the despotic control of an HOA corporation? Why should developers be permitted to impose involuntary membership HOA corporations? Apparently the existing governments prefer despotism to be the model for the future.



Despotism = wherever an HOA corporation burdens property - May 22, 2013Despotism - wherever an HOA corporation burdens property

Reviewer: Maximara - favorite favorite favorite favorite - July 7, 2011

Subject: Interesting though somewhat outdated A very interesting film that has one major flaw. Distraction rather than control is the key to the Despotism of Huxley's "Brave New World". The information scale is pushed through the roof to the point of trivialization which paradoxly results in the *quality* of the information going through the floor. Critical thinking is crippled not so much by control but by overload. - July 7, 2011Interesting though somewhat outdated

Reviewer: uniQ - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - April 21, 2011

Subject: Worth the watch! The film presents four scales for judging whether or not a certain society is despotic. I don't know whether or not these are still considered current in political science.



While some may see slights, overall the film doesn't degenerate into Commie-bashing like some others in the archive and also explicitly states that "It CAN happen here". Scenes are shown of home grown despotisms, such as the political boss who has city government in his pocket. - April 21, 2011Worth the watch!

Reviewer: sorejack - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - April 19, 2011

Subject: accurate and frightening

in the political commentary i have seen, through my whole life, I have seen nothing as clear and succinct as these two films, and I literally cried. blubbered even. there is no respect among the majority, not just a minority. there is no enlightenment from the majority of media. YOU SHOULD NOT HAVE TO HUNT FOR IT LIKE GLEANINGS FROM A FIELD. there is no balance anymore, rich are richer, poor are poorer, middle class a dying breed, and poorer. i do not hate the rich, but this is not the way any of us really want it to be!!!! I'm afraid I will die in a land without the dream of democracy. a vote every four years is not enough. I want to be rerpesented and respected every day. tell me i am wrong. show me, really, that my sense of a fading democracy is deluded. I Want to be in that dialog. I Respect opinions. please, I beg you, end the sniping. this film must be watched with its companion, democracy. in that film it outline shared power AND shared respect, built on a balanced economy and enlightenment of the people as the foundation of a good democracy. that being said, and in light of commentary, we are failing at 3 of those in this country. look to comments from both the bush and obama eras, and distrust is high.it shadows both the lack of respect and balanced media. but when in america have we last had civics courses?in the political commentary i have seen, through my whole life, I have seen nothing as clear and succinct as these two films, and I literally cried. blubbered even. there is no respect among the majority, not just a minority. there is no enlightenment from the majority of media. YOU SHOULD NOT HAVE TO HUNT FOR IT LIKE GLEANINGS FROM A FIELD. there is no balance anymore, rich are richer, poor are poorer, middle class a dying breed, and poorer. i do not hate the rich, but this is not the way any of us really want it to be!!!! I'm afraid I will die in a land without the dream of democracy. a vote every four years is not enough. I want to be rerpesented and respected every day. tell me i am wrong. show me, really, that my sense of a fading democracy is deluded. I Want to be in that dialog. I Respect opinions. please, I beg you, end the sniping. - April 19, 2011accurate and frightening

Reviewer: Titus Prime - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - January 25, 2011

Subject: Proof of the first law of Communication First off. This film is not leftist nor is it conservative, or independent. It is a statement of social measurements. Based on our experiance as a nation seeking freedom from the topic.

One we had escaped ourselves to create this nation.



. Many of the people who are alive today to read this comment on this forum are alive because we as a people became involved. While I wont go into the sickening overly egotistical idea that we were some sort of selfless heroes of the world.



It is still a fact that we did fight. We gave all and we destroyed a threat so powerful that its own people had become blinded to what they had become.

It would not have happened like that at all if not for the arrogance of those hard marching conquerors. The idiocy of poking the one sleeping beast left in play by destroying our ocean trade vessels.



Even back then we waited until they attacked the money before we got up and did something about it.



This film and those like them. Do as fine a job of reporting facts as can be done without losing the importance of the concepts involved. Made for the very purpose of warning themselves to watch out for the dangers of becoming something you cannot perceive easily as evil. I do not now, nor have I ever thought the Germans were evil. They became evil and suddenly to them good and bad became reversed and only total crushing defeat allowed them to be free of destruction's paths. We fought its wrath and confusions and overcame it by virtue of our own core values, hard work, sacrifice and blood.



If your really think this film is a depiction of "Radical propaganda!" or" Sowing seeds of perversion. A typical eat-the-rich liberal film by socialists from 1946." and a

melodramatic training film for despots."



You have in fact proved the first law of Communication "All information is ultimately under the the control of the receiver. The sender can clarify and simplify all they want. The data and its meaning is always controlled by the receiver"

I am very sorry. I dont know how or when your minds became so clouded as to not understand the definition of the words you wave around so easily. You are using them incorrectly, please read a dictionary. You rant and rave calling people marxist and a whole host of angry things. But if you were to read and understand the definition of the words your using, you would understand why those you oppose get mad and call you ignorant.



I am not angry at you. I am very upset that you have been misled so terribly.



Liberal does not mean, BIG GOVERNMENT, socialism, communism or tyranny . It means exactly what it says, freedom. Freedom to be yourself within a society of equal respect. The tools to remove tyranny through mutual understanding and collaboration towards our future.





Conservative means to manage without waste your resources. It has nothing at all to do with actively hating people you dont know because of personal differences. Nor does it involve destroying your environment to enhance the wealth of people who care nothing for the world they live on or the people living on it. Not even themselves.



This is just two major concepts of social interaction and governing. How can you attack one of them with a completely twisted and incorrect definition as your basis for contention?



You actually are proving the point of this film. The only tools at your disposal, misdirection, distraction, reversal of blame, and of course, complete lack of any facts to base any of it upon. In turn when asked to expand your statements you will do anything but stay on the topic of discussion. Anything but admit you may be wrong.



Its ok to be wrong. Its how we learn what is right. If people refuse to be wrong to the point of murdering strangers as a means of justifcation for thier deception, what then would you call them?



You are exacerbating the situation. Deceiving yourself, and the blood of those people is on yours, and my hands.



I will return with a new short film to post on this subject.





I have little faith anyone will become aware because of it. But I cannot stand by and watch my own people become the evil they fought so hard to remove from this world. So I will with a open heart, open mind and willpower that was our trademark as American's. - January 25, 2011Proof of the first law of Communication

Reviewer: NBachers - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - October 9, 2010

Subject: Freeper propaganda trolls invade Archive.org Well I see the idiot freepers, teabaggers, and repukes have infested the respected Archive site spewing their ignorant hatred and conflating the concept of Despotism with education and President Obama.



It's like being infested with bedbugs. - October 9, 2010Freeper propaganda trolls invade Archive.org

Reviewer: Ron Raygun - favorite - January 16, 2010

Subject: Some 60 years after the film debut. This film comes from the snobby, Ivy League Yale University, the home of "Skull & Bones". It's politics of the day after WWII is a map which, incrementally, has been followed to date. The Bush's, Clinton's, along with a string of other scoundrels in Congress have followed this map well. Unfortunately, this Northeast part of America and its liberal educators have produced some of the most power-hungry despots in history. The film is a training film for despots. - January 16, 2010Some 60 years after the film debut.

Reviewer: Regulus000 - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - July 26, 2009

Subject: Chilling reminder in the Age of Obama Prescient film, especially with regard to power concentration and propaganda in the schools.



Obama managed to get Congress to rubber stamp the greatest spending bill in the history of the United States, giving them only a few hours to read thousands of pages.



He peformed a similar feat in getting the House of Representatives to pass his "Cap and Trade" bill (effectively the greatest tax increase in American history), again giving them insufficient time to actually read it.



He's trying to do it again with his massive health care bill, which the Congressional Budget Office has stated will increase costs in contradiction to Obama's stated objective.



Whether you agree with him or not, there does seem to be a troubling concentration of power in one guy.



Meanwhile, in our universities, you can express politically incorrect opinions in class only at the cost of your grade. - July 26, 2009Chilling reminder in the Age of Obama

Reviewer: IanKoro - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - June 18, 2009

Subject: Very well done. I found this film to be excellent, and quite accurate.



Some of the comments though, are downright bizarre.



They show just how indoctrinated a lot of Americans are against anything even remotely left wing. It amazes me to see how many people honestly believe that any kind of government intervention in anything is one step away from soviet style communism.



One commenter seems to believe that because the film points out that uneven distribution of wealth can be a partial indicator for despotism, the film is suggesting government enforced redistribution of wealth (?!). What kind of mentality does it take to believe that stating pretty well established facts, completely in context, could amount to propaganda? - June 18, 2009Very well done.

Reviewer: keizan55 - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - March 14, 2009

Subject: triple interesting The clip was, and I believe mostly correct

The comments, which I read, were, and showed some intelligence until one, which was interesting in that the only one to called other "idiot" posted the most mindless post. - March 14, 2009triple interesting

Reviewer: Pulver@Noyo - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - February 13, 2009

Subject: Bondo Isn't Bondo that fake metal they put on cars after an accident?



Yea, keep y'er yap shut, pay y'er taxes, send y'er kids off ta' war and wave the flag. Cause I'm the law here, see? Rah, rah, sis, boom, bah. Bush, Bush, Bush, Bush, Sieg, Bush, Heil, Bush!



What an idiot. - February 13, 2009Bondo

Reviewer: BondoFox - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - March 11, 2008

Subject: Amazing This film is brilliant. Period.



Know what else is amazing? How everyone's got a friggin' axe to grind. This film is dead-on accurate, nothing in it is refutable. Yet some people here have their blinders on so freakin' tight that they can't let go of what their union newsletter or their leftist buddies have filled their minds with. It's NOT propoganda, and if you're a Communist who doesn't like President Bush, keep it to yourself, no one cares.



In short, WATCH THIS FILM, and watch it with your mind open and your yap shut. - March 11, 2008Amazing

Reviewer: geneb5 - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - November 5, 2007

Subject: Theme is Updated in Naomi Wolf's book The concurrences with Naomi Wolf's just-released "The End of America" are startling.



Russia was obviously our friend in 1946, and gets a bye. In addition to Germany in the 30s--when Hitler rose to power legally in a democratic system--Wolf cites Italy in the 20's, Russia , Chile and China.



Wolf shows the elements leading to totalitarianism are uniform across political systems--including ours. - November 5, 2007Theme is Updated in Naomi Wolf's book

Reviewer: Framan - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - October 13, 2007

Subject: I enjoyed the film. It amazes me that black and white film about political issues are instantly labeled as propaganda.



I agree with many points of review by Bent Forkman. This film does far too much to encourage discourse to be classified as propaganda.



Overall the quality of the film could be classed as watchable. There were parts that had significantly deteriorated and there was a minor high pitched whine through the whole episode. The track is a good example of why we need to archive our recordings.



If you haven't watched this film then please do. You don't have to agree with everything to find it entertaining. - October 13, 2007I enjoyed the film.

Reviewer: bunnygurl - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - July 19, 2007

Subject: historical some say this is over simplified for today, however that may just be denial rearing its ugly head, Because the US is not a democracy and never was it is a democratic republic, and that is closer to despotism. According to our constitution we give the government its power, but if we has a nation fail to use that voice we can easily become ruled by a despot leader, the "good men do nothing." theory. - July 19, 2007historical

Reviewer: dj bogdan - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - December 3, 2006

Subject: Voices Chilling and timely. - December 3, 2006Voices

Reviewer: piratenews - favorite favorite favorite favorite - July 3, 2006

Subject: History Test



The censored definition of "Democracy"

http://piratenews.org/urban_dictionary_democracy_censored.htm Those who fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it. Compare Hitler's Operation Himmler and Operation Canned Goods and Reichstag Fire to Pentagon's Operation Northwoods, Fox TV's Lone Gunmen pilot episode and 9/11. Gangsta Govt would have US substitute "terrorist" for "communist", like "eurasia" and "Goldstein" in Orwell's 1984. Suckers.The censored definition of "Democracy" - July 3, 2006History Test

Reviewer: ERD - favorite favorite favorite - April 16, 2006

Subject: Film is somewhat dated. This film's information seems too simplistic and "cut and dry" to use in our nation now. More people today are better informed(at a faster rate),and less naive than in 1946. - April 16, 2006Film is somewhat dated.

Reviewer: AV Geek Skip - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - April 3, 2006

Subject: Companion Democracy film found in AV Geeks section. http://www.archive.org/details/democracy_1945 AV Geek Skip -- April 3, 2006Companion Democracy film found in AV Geeks section.

Reviewer: bedlam6666 - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - March 18, 2006

Subject: important discourse Whether you think this film is propaganda or not, or whether you are a Bush supporter or not, this film should be watched and discussed. It should not be used as an example of "typical left-wing marxist academic etc", nor should it needlessly scare everyone to death in thinking Bush is the next Hitler. Use this film as a reality check, as a jumping off point for discussions. If people are engaged in political discourse there is a lot less chance of us becoming despots. Watch this film, and tell your media agencies to start asking tough questions and stop pandering to advertising. Through open discussions we might start getting at the truth. - March 18, 2006important discourse

Reviewer: FreedomDave - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - January 28, 2006

Subject: Maybe this will help www.avgeeks.com, www.zoetrope.com .



On my Fantoma DVD (collection is called "Patriotism"), there is another good film from 1963 that will get you run out of town by talk radio these days: "Great Rights," 1963.



It explains the Bill of Rights and how it gives the citizen immunity from government abuses. I don't have the companion, but my DVD collection was put out by Fantoma Films, and the DVD box has these URLs: www.fantoma.com On my Fantoma DVD (collection is called "Patriotism"), there is another good film from 1963 that will get you run out of town by talk radio these days: "Great Rights," 1963.It explains the Bill of Rights and how it gives the citizen immunity from government abuses. - January 28, 2006Maybe this will help

Reviewer: Rick Prelinger - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - January 27, 2006

Subject: Has anyone got the companion film? A companion film entitled "Democracy" was produced and released by Britannica at the same time. We did not have a print so could not digitize and post with this one. Would anyone have a copy we could add? Thanks -- RP - January 27, 2006Has anyone got the companion film?

Reviewer: Greentogo - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - January 21, 2006

Subject: Bush's America If the makers of this movie had some futuristic vision of Bush's America, it would look like Despotism incarnate! This movie is scary and sad. - January 21, 2006Bush's America

Reviewer: History Repeating - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - January 15, 2006

Subject: almost I liked this film. Although I really would like to know where this place is that they are living cause i would pack my bags and board a flight on "Never going to happen Airlines" and regardless if i liked this film or not propagnda is propaganda. We live in a place where one percent of the population has 99 percent of the wealth, we will all be attached to mills griding the corprtate machine, constantly being watched over by our "protectors" with guns drawn, and spreading "freedom" through the world in the form of the military industrial complex. we are all doomed - January 15, 2006almost

Reviewer: Bent Forkman - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - November 22, 2005

Subject: This film is incredible! I'm slowly showing this film to everone I know. I encourage you to forward the URL to others.



Yes, this film is eerily relevent, no it should not be seen as propaganda.

This film does far too much to encourage discourse to be classified as propaganda. There is little here that does not simply examine how the concept of despotism might be applied to different scales in order to give the viewer a starting point for their own evaluation of their community. This is an educational film made for children in order to explain concepts of basic polical philosophy. Amazingly apathy has so eroded contemporary understandings of politics that we are all less informed than the schoolchildren of the 40's. Arguements that this film would classify all modern industrialized society as despotic suggest that half a loaf is the same as no bread. The film clearly states that communities that rank poorly are prone to despotism, not inherently despotic.



However, any country who's government practises torture has clearly already succumbed to despotism. - November 22, 2005This film is incredible!

Reviewer: rob parrish - favorite favorite favorite favorite - November 21, 2005

Subject: Another Re-Mix of Despotism Online



I've done a re-mix of Despotism, adding some contemporary referances and doing major re-editing. I hope you'll drop by Hi,I've done a re-mix of Despotism, adding some contemporary referances and doing major re-editing. I hope you'll drop by http://www.hoppervideo.net to check it out. Thanks. - November 21, 2005Another Re-Mix of Despotism Online

Reviewer: autoguy - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - November 20, 2005

Subject: Obsolete Ideals Nonesense abounds in this film that attempts to stir unrest among the public body. Dangerous and outdated ideas are related to the viewer, whom is persuaded to believe in an antiquated mindset that surely has no place in any modern society or nation. The producers of the film blatently push their own brand of propaganda, and are clearly intent on servng only their own selfish agenda. It is indeed fortunate that these seeds of perversion have not taken root, for their influences would surely be the downfall of any modern industrialized nation. - November 20, 2005Obsolete Ideals

Reviewer: barcl4y - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - September 15, 2005

Subject: Barclays Class Dear Barclays class. Do not listen to barclay.

from

steve



pooooooo! - September 15, 2005Barclays Class

Reviewer: Robert B. Livingston - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - February 28, 2005

Subject: Older Film Competently Teaches Timeless Political Wisdom This short educational documentary made in the 1940s clearly explains the concept of despotism.



Although its visual illustration is simple-- the narrator, a Yale professor, presents his lecture with care and sophistication.



Do you live under a despotism? Watch this film and you might get an answer. - February 28, 2005Older Film Competently Teaches Timeless Political Wisdom

Reviewer: hart noecker - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - February 26, 2005

Subject: Did they have a time machine? It is shocking and saddening to see how well this film predicted Amerika's current slide into anti-intellectualism and Fascism. Hunter Thompson, we will miss you. - February 26, 2005Did they have a time machine?

Reviewer: Blackwater - favorite favorite favorite favorite - February 18, 2005

Subject: Think Critically Though it has a fairly transparent pro-marxist ideological agenda (not exactly rare among intellectuals of the time period), this remains a cogent and well-illustrated analysis of the factors involved in the distribution and redistribution of power. All of the things that this film states about economic disparity apply equally well to governments and private individuals; and the things it states about informational control apply just as well to corporate media as to state propaganda. Either one, or the two in concert, can exert pressure to tip the scales away from democracy when the individual's freedom and voice are not respected. I'm sure any mature viewer is capable of taking the ideas presented here with a grain of salt, but there's no need to throw the baby out with the bath water. The problems illustrated here are just as real now as they were in the 1950s and 60s. - February 18, 2005Think Critically

Reviewer: Nip - favorite - January 13, 2005

Subject: Corny, quaint, and evil A transparent eat-the-rich propaganda film from 1946. "Despotism" has pretty much one criterion for measuring a country's "despotism level." Is land, money, power concentrated? Do rich people exist in YOUR community? And are they rude to you? (seriously!) Aha, then, you suffer from despotism! The silly film makes no distinction between public and private power (most of the reviews here missed it, too).



Even though it refers to the U.S., a constitutional republic, it says that democracy is the opposite of despotism. (A serious flaw, since the opposite of despotism is FREEDOM, while pure democracy is itself a form of tyranny.)



So what's the cure for our despotism? The film lets you figure out the solution on your own, (since there is only one): government-forced redistribution!



Watch this obvious, anti-capitalist film, then compare to the stealthier broadcasts of the BBC, NPR, PBS, MSNBC, etc. of today.



Ugly, but recommended. - January 13, 2005Corny, quaint, and evil

Reviewer: the rayovac - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - December 19, 2004

Subject: Splendid film There is value in this film for the young generation who have not benfitted from the public education that we experienced in America during the 60's. (special note to mailinator: Speak freely today about allowing students to have open minds, allowing them to read what they like in class and you'll find out real fast how popular you are under Bush and his surrogates in AM talk media).

A majority opposed the current Iraq war on moral and economic grounds yet have been exised from the process of participation in our government. Because your so-called "liberal" media shut down the debate we must conclude that the spector of despotism darkens our own skies. Corporate domination and government stifling debate are two more examples of despotism given in the film. It would be well to remember that as bad a president as he was, even Reagan allowed for some compromise and consent with opposing politicans. Not so today. And to those who say, "9-11 changed everything", I say, "Not the Constitution." - December 19, 2004Splendid film

Reviewer: mailinator - favorite favorite favorite - December 10, 2004

Subject: Relevant to today Liberal media and leftist academia be warned! You won't like this one. It points out some interesting measurements of how a society can become gradually overcome by bigoted liberal ideologies. Those who claim to be the most tolerant are actually intolerant of those with real convictions. This arrogant control of information by the left gradually enslaves opponents and eventually can destroy liberty. - December 10, 2004Relevant to today

Reviewer: AbeLincoln - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - December 9, 2004

Subject: True as it ever was, and fun to watch. Simple, objective ways to look at society and freedom, but still punchy, funny, goofy enough to be enjoyed on a lot of levels. Hauntingly prophetic. So much so, that extremists will try to call it every name in the book to discredit it, even half a century after it was made. Don't miss this one. - December 9, 2004True as it ever was, and fun to watch.

Reviewer: AbeLincoln - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - December 9, 2004

Subject: True as it ever was, and fun to watch. Simple, objective ways to look at society and freedom, but still punchy, funny, goofy enough to be enjoyed on a lot of levels. Hauntingly prophetic. So much so, that extremists will try to call it every name in the book to discredit it, even half a century after it was made. Don't miss this one. - December 9, 2004True as it ever was, and fun to watch.

Reviewer: designbymichael - favorite favorite favorite - September 27, 2004

Subject: Interesting, But Wreaks of Socialism The movie was a bit melodramatic to prove a point (in 1940's fashion) and sides a bit too close to a socialist form of government, which we all know isn't that far off from communism in its idealistic formÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂ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is equal and resources ought to be distrubted evenly without prejudice. Not that I am against providing all persons with the equal privilege or opportunity of earning a great 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