The office accused the decision of being “built on baseless allegations and accusations” and described it as a “blatant interference” in the kingdom’s affairs.

The vote was held despite Donald Trump expressing his desire to maintain close relations with the kingdom and its crown prince.

Bob Corker, a member of the Republican party, proposed the legislation. It calls for the Saudi government to ensure “appropriate accountability” for all those responsible for Mr Khashoggi’s death.

Jamal Khashoggi death: key figures Show all 7 1 /7 Jamal Khashoggi death: key figures Jamal Khashoggi death: key figures Jamal Khashoggi Washington Post journalist who was critical of the Saudi regime and the young Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, he was murdered on 2 October in the Saudi Arabian consulate in Istanbul AFP Jamal Khashoggi death: key figures Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman Heir to the Saudi throne, Mohammed bin Salman has been implicated in the murder, with US officials claiming that he must have known of the plot AFP/Getty Jamal Khashoggi death: key figures 15 man hit squad Turkish police suspect these 15 men of being involved in the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, issued 10 October, 8 days after the journalist disappeared EPA Jamal Khashoggi death: key figures Saud al-Qahtani Aide to Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saud al-Qahtani is claimed to have ordered Khashoggi's murder Saud Al-Qahtani/Twitter Jamal Khashoggi death: key figures Maher Abdulaziz Mutreb A former diplomat who often travelled with the Crown Prince, Mutreb was initially claimed to be the leader of the hit squad and is pictured here entering the Saudi consulate on the day of the murder AP Jamal Khashoggi death: key figures Mustafa al-Madani First implicated in the 15 CCTV photos released by the Turkish police, al-Madani was later found to have been used as a body double for Khashoggi, leaving the Saudi consulate dressed in his clothes on the day the journalist was killed CNN Jamal Khashoggi death: key figures Salah bin Jamal Khashoggi (L) Son of the murdered journalist met with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman on 23 October EPA

The resolution also encourages Saudi officials to release imprisoned women’s rights activists and to increase efforts to enact economic and social reforms.

Mr Khashoggi, a US resident, was killed inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October.

Saudi officials have blamed a “rogue” team of operatives for the killing.

The Senate’s resolution goes on to declare that there is no statutory authorisation for US involvement in the Yemen civil war. It also supports the end of air-to-air refuelling of Saudi-led coalition planes deployed against Houthi rebels.

The Saudi statement on Monday read: “The Kingdom has previously asserted that the murder of Saudi citizen Jamal Khashoggi is a deplorable crime that does not reflect the Kingdom’s policy nor its institutions and reaffirms its rejection of any attempts to take the case out of the path of justice in the Kingdom.”

Support free-thinking journalism and attend Independent events

It continues: “The Kingdom hopes that it is not drawn into domestic political debates in the United States of America, to avoid any ramifications on the ties between the two countries that could have significant negative impacts on this important strategic relationship.”

It is unclear if the US House of Representatives will consider voting for the resolution.

The CIA is reported to have concluded with “high confidence” that the crown prince was involved in the order to kill Mr Khashoggi.