Allport, G. W. (1979). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Co.

Alquist, J. L., Baumeister, R. F., & Tice, D. M. (2012, January). What you don’t know can hurt you: Uncertainty depletes self-regulatory resources. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Diego, CA.

Alter, A. L., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2006). Predicting short-term stock fluctuations by using processing fluency. Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences, 103, 9369–9372. doi:10.1073/pnas.0601071103.

Alter, A. L., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2009). Uniting the tribes of fluency to form a metacognitive nation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 13, 219–235. doi:10.1177/1088868309341564.

Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (2000). The mind in the middle: A practical guide to priming and automaticity research. In H. T. Reis & C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (pp. 253–285). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bartley, S. H. (1943). Conflict, frustration and fatigue. Psychosomatic Medicine, 5, 160–162.

Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Personality Processes and Individual Differences, 74, 1252–1265. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.5.1252.

Baumeister, R. F., Gailliot, M. T., & Tice, D. M. (2009). Free willpower: A limited resource theory of volition, choice, and self-regulation. In E. Morsella, J. A. Bargh, & P. M. Gollwitzer (Eds.), Oxford handbook of human action (pp. 487–508). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2007). Self-regulation, ego depletion, and motivation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1, 115–128. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00001.x.

Beilock, S. L., & Holt, L. E. (2007). Embodied preference judgments: Can likeability be driven by the motor system? Psychological Science, 18, 51–57. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01848.x.

Berlyne, D. E. (1960). Conflict, arousal, and curiosity. New York: McGraw Hill.

Berlyne, D. E., & Borsa, D. M. (1968). Uncertainty and the orientation reaction. Perception and Psychophysics, 3, 77–79. doi:10.3758/BF03212718.

Botvinick, M. (2007). Conflict monitoring and decision making: Reconciling two perspectives on anterior cingulate function. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 356–366. doi:10.3758/CABN.7.4.356.

Brehm, J. W., Wright, R. A., Solomon, S., Silka, L., & Greenberg, J. (1983). Perceived difficulty, energization, and the magnitude of goal valence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 21–48. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(83)90003-3.

Cohen, J. D., MacWhinney, B., Flatt, M., & Provost, J. (1993). PsyScope: A new graphic interactive environment for designing psychology experiments. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 25, 257–271.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics.

Csikszentmihalyi, M., Abuhamdeh, S., & Nakamura, J. (2005). Flow. In A. J. Elliot & C. S. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 598–608). New York, NY: Guilford.

Dehaene, S., & Naccache, L. (2001). Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: Basic evidence and a workspace framework. Cognition, 79, 1–37. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00123-2.

Diamond, B. J., Johnson, S. K., Kaufman, M., & Graves, L. (2008). Relationships between information processing, depression, fatigue and cognition in multiple sclerosis. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 23, 189–199. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2007.10.002.

Etkin, A., Prater, K., Hoeft, F., Menon, V., & Schatzberg, A. (2010). Failure of anterior cingulate activation and connectivity with the amygdala during implicit regulation of emotional processing in generalized anxiety disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 545–554. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09070931.

Fales, C. L., Barch, D. M., Burgess, G. C., Schaefer, A., Mennin, D. S., Gray, J. R., et al. (2008). Anxiety and cognitive efficiency: Differential modulation of transient and sustained neural activity during a working memory task. Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 239–253. doi:10.3758/CABN.8.3.239.

Farah, M. J. (2000). The neural bases of mental imagery. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (2nd ed., pp. 965–974). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Fenske, M. J., & Raymond, J. E. (2006). Affective influences of selective attention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 312–316. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00459.x.

Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1984). Social cognition. New York, NY: Random House.

Fredrickson, B. L., & Losada, M. (2005). Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. American Psychologist, 60, 678–686. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.7.678.

Garbarino, E., & Edell, J. (1997). Cognitive effort, affect, and choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 147–158. doi:10.1086/209500.

Gazzaley, A., Cooney, J. W., Rissman, J., & D’Esposito, M. (2005). Top-down suppression deficit underlies working memory impairment in normal aging. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1298–1300. doi:10.1038/nn1543.

Gazzaley, A., & D’Esposito, M. (2007). Unifying prefrontal cortex function: Executive control, neural networks and top-down modulation. In B. Miller & J. Cummings (Eds.), The human frontal lobes: Functions and disorders (pp. 187–206). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Gazzaniga, M. S., Ivry, R. B., & Mangun, G. R. (2013). Cognitive neuroscience: The biology of the mind (4th ed.). New York: Norton.

Gendolla, G. H. E. (2000). On the impact of mood on behavior: An integrative theory and a review. Review of General Psychology, 4, 378–408. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.4.4.378.

Gibson, W. R. B. (1900). The principle of least action as a psychological principle. Mind, 9, 469–495. doi:10.1093/mind/IX.36.469.

Gyurak, A., Gross, J. J., & Etkin, A. (2011). Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: A dual-process framework. Cognition and Emotion, 25, 400–412. doi:10.1080/02699931.2010.544160.

Higgins, E. T. (2013). Beyond pleasure and pain: How motivation works. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Hockey, R. (2013). The psychology of fatigue: Work, effort, and control. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hull, C. L. (1943). Principles of behavior. New York, NY: Appleton-Century.

Jacoby, L. L., Kelley, C. M., & Dywan, J. (1989). Memory attributions. In H. L. Roediger & F. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honor of Endel Tulving (pp. 391–422). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. New York, NY: Dover.

Janiszewski, C., & Meyvis, T. (2001). Effects of brand logo complexity, repetition, and spacing on processing fluency and judgment. Journal of Consumer Research, 28, 18–32. doi:10.1086/321945.

Johnson, M. R., Mitchell, K. J., Raye, C. L., D’Esposito, M., & Johnson, M. (2007). A brief thought can modulate activity in extrastriate visual areas: Top-down effects of refreshing just-seen stimuli. Neuroimage, 37, 290–299. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.017.

Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Byrne, R. M. J. (1991). Deduction. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.

Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Kahneman, D. (2003). A perspective on judgment and choice: Mapping bounded rationality. American Psychologist, 58, 607–720. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.58.9.697.

Koch, C. (2004). The quest for consciousness: A neurobiological approach. Greenwood Village, CO: Roberts & Company.

Luce, M. (1998). Choosing to avoid: Coping with negative emotion-laden consumer decisions. Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 409–433. doi:10.1086/209518.

Luce, M., Bettman, J., & Payne, J. (1997). Choice processing in emotionally difficult decisions. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 384–405. doi:10.1037//0278-7393.23.2.384.

Luce, M., Payne, J., & Bettman, J. (1999). Emotional trade-off difficulty and choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 36, 143–159. doi:10.2307/3152089.

Lynn, M. T., Riddle, T. A., & Morsella, E. (2012). The phenomenology of quitting: Effects from repetition and cognitive effort. Korean Journal of Cognitive Science, 23, 25–46.

Malle, B. F. (2003). How the mind explains behavior. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Merker, B. (2013). The efference cascade, consciousness, and its self: Naturalizing the first person pivot of action control. Frontiers in Psycholology, 4, 1–20. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00501.

Montgomery, H. (1983). Decision rules and the search for a dominance structure: Towards a process model of decision making. In P. C. Humphreys, O. Svenson, & A. Vari (Eds.), Analyzing and aiding decision processes (pp. 343–369). Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.

Morsella, E., Berger, C. C., & Krieger, S. C. (2011a). Cognitive and neural components of the phenomenology of agency. Neurocase, 17, 209–230. doi:10.1080/13554794.2010.504727.

Morsella, E., Feinberg, G. H., Cigarchi, S., Newton, J. W., & Williams, L. E. (2011b). Sources of avoidance motivation: Valence effects from physical effort and mental rotation. Motivation and Emotion, 35, 296–305. doi:10.1007/s11031-010-9172-y.

Morsella, E., Gray, J. R., Krieger, S. C., & Bargh, J. A. (2009a). The essence of conscious conflict: Subjective effects of sustaining incompatible intentions. Emotion, 9, 717–728. doi:10.1037/a0017121.

Morsella, E., Larson, L. R. L., & Bargh, J. A. (2010). Indirect cognitive control, working-memory related movements, and sources of automatisms. In E. Morsella (Ed.), Expressing oneself/expressing one’s self: Communication, cognition, language, and identity (pp. 61–90). London: Psychology Press.

Morsella, E., Wilson, L. E., Berger, C. C., Honhongva, M., Gazzaley, A., & Bargh, J. A. (2009b). Subjective aspects of cognitive control at different stages of processing. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 71, 1807–1824. doi:10.3758/APP.71.8.1807.

Mullin, B. A., & Hogg, M. A. (1999). Motivations for group memberships: The role of subjective importance and uncertainty reduction. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 21, 91–102. doi:10.1207/15324839951036443.

Neisser, U. (1976). Cognition and reality: Principles and implications of cognitive psychology. San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman Publishing.

Nichols, S. (2008). How can psychology contribute to the free will debate? In J. Baer, J. C. Kaufman, & R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Are we free? Psychology and free will. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Nielsen, J. H., & Escalas, J. E. (2010). Easier is not always better: The moderating role of processing type of preference fluency. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20, 295–305. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2010.06.016.

Nisbett, R., & Wilson, T. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231–259. doi:10.1037//0033-295X.84.3.231.

Noakes, T. D. (2012). Fatigue is a bran-derived emotion that regulates the exercise behavior to ensure the protection of whole body homeostasis. Frontiers in Physiology, 3, 1–13. doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00082.

Oppenheimer, D. M. (2006). Consequences of erudite vernacular utilized irrespective of necessity: Problems with using long words needlessly. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20, 139–156. doi:10.1002/acp.1178.

Oppenheimer, D. M. (2008). The secret life of fluency. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 237–241. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.02.014.

Pocheptsova, A., Amir, O., & Baumeister, R. F. (2009). Deciding without resources. Resource depletion and choice in context. Journal of Marketing, 46, 344–355. doi:10.1509/jmkr.46.3.344.

Poulton, E. C. (1975). Range effects in experiments on people. The American Journal of Psychology, 88, 3–32. doi:10.2307/1421662.

Preston, J., & Wegner, D. M. (2009). Elbow grease: The experience of effort in action. In E. Morsella, J. A. Bargh, & P. M. Gollwitzer (Eds.), Oxford handbook of human action (pp. 469–486). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Reber, R., Winkielman, P., & Schwarz, N. (1998). Effects of perceptual fluency on affective judgments. Psychological Science, 9, 46–48. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00008.

Riddle, T. A., Rosen, H. J., & Morsella, E. (2011). Sense of agency as a function of intra-psychic conflict. (Unplublished manuscript, San Francisco State University).

Rosnow, R. L., & Rosenthal, R. (1996). Computing contrasts, effect sizes, and counternulls on other people’s published data: General procedures for research consumers. Psychological Methods, 1, 331–340. doi:10.1037//1082-989X.1.4.331.

Rumelhart, D. E. (1980). Schemata: The building blocks of cognition. In R. J. Spiro, B. Bruce, & W. Brewer (Eds.), Theoretical issues in reading comprehension (pp. 35–58). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Schwarz, N. (1990). Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states. In E. T. Higgins & R. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 527–561). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Schwarz, N. (2004). Metacognitive experiences in consumer judgment and decision making. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14, 332–348. doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1404_2.

Stanovich, K. E. (1999). Who is rational? Studies of individual differences in reasoning. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.

Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643–662. doi:10.1037//0096-3445.121.1.15.

Teichner, W. H. (1974). The detection of a simple visual signal as a function of time watch. Human Factors, 16, 339–353.

Unterrainer, J. M., & Owen, A. M. (2006). Planning and problem solving: From neuropsychology to functional imaging. Journal of Physiology, 99, 308–317.

Vohs, K. D., Baumeister, R. F., Schmeichel, B. J., Twenge, J. M., Nelson, N. M., & Dianne, M. (2008). Making choices impairs subsequent self-control: A limited-resource account of decision making, self-regulation and active initiative. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 883–898. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.883.

Warm, J. S., Parasuraman, R., & Matthews, G. (2008). Vigilance requires hard mental work and is stressful. Human Factors, 50, 433–441. doi:10.1518/001872008X312152.

Warren, C., McGraw, A. P., & Van Boven, L. (2011). Values and preferences: Defining preference construction. Cognitive Science, 2, 193–205. doi:10.1002/wcs.98.

Winkielman, P., Schwarz, N., Fazendeiro, T., & Reber, R. (2003). The hedonic marking of processing fluency: Implications for evaluative judgment. In J. Musch & K. C. Klauer (Eds.), The psychology of evaluation: Affective processes in cognition and emotion (pp. 189–217). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.