She went on to argue that Mr. Trump was rooting for people to lose their jobs and be kicked out of their houses.

“I’ll tell you exactly what kind of a man does that,” Ms. Warren added. “It is a man who cares about no one but himself. A small, insecure money-grubber who doesn’t care who gets hurt so long as he makes a profit off it.”

Ms. Warren’s attacks on Mr. Trump echo those leveled by Hillary Clinton, the likely Democratic presidential nominee, who has seized on comments that he made a decade ago when he suggested that the collapse of the housing market was a good investing opportunity. Ms. Warren has been a frequent critic of Mr. Trump on social media and has been increasingly taking him on in public forums.

On Tuesday night, Ms. Warren also suggested that Mr. Trump pays no taxes while reaping the benefits of American public infrastructure. And she hit him for saying that he would undo the Dodd-Frank financial regulation legislation, wondering if Mr. Trump could even name three things about the law.

“Donald Trump is worried about helping poor little Wall Street?” Ms. Warren said. “Let me find the world’s smallest violin to play a sad, sad song.”