Still, we are starting to see more cities and states invest major dollars in prevention programs. Where investments in focused deterrence have continued and grown, gains have lasted. In Oakland, for example, the number of gun deaths has been halved since 2012. But in Philadelphia, where the Focused Deterrence approach was piloted to positive effect, funding has stayed flat, the program has not expanded, and gun violence is again on the rise. Proven interventions should be maintained and expanded, which can ultimately save taxpayers money on expensive medical care and incarceration.