MILAN—An Italian court Wednesday ordered conservative leader Silvio Berlusconi to stand trial on corruption charges for having allegedly bribed a senator to switch political parties, a move that contributed to the fall of a center-left government in 2008.

The new trial, slated to start Feb. 11 in Naples, is the latest of many legal troubles for Mr. Berlusconi and adds to mounting questions about the 77-year-old media mogul's political future.

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