In the very early days of Federation Square's conceptual development, long before the architects were appointed, two important documents were prepared, a Design Brief and a Civic and Cultural Charter, that would guide and influence future decisions on the design, construction, operation and management of the precinct.

The Design Brief expressed in qualitative terms the intentions and objectives for the project as well as the scope of the physical components.

The Cultural and Civic Charter identified the intended purpose of the precinct and the way it should be managed to preserve its ongoing relevance as a public domain rather than a commercial development.

From the outset the focus was to provide a space for public assembly which had long been lacking in Melbourne. Performance and exhibition spaces were to be provided to attract visitors, with complementary food and beverage outlets to enhance visitor experience. Other commercial facilities were not included as it was not intended to be a shopping centre.