Japanese voters are increasingly concerned about the country’s economy, said Tobias Harris, a Japan analyst at the New York-based political consulting firm Teneo Intelligence, adding that the new data “suggest that there is something to the pessimism that has been captured both by government surveys and by leading indicators.”

Now that China’s economy is also slowing, Mr. Abe’s policies look set to face a difficult test.

He has committed to once again increasing the country’s consumption tax in October, this time to 10 percent from 8 percent. He says the increase is necessary to pay down the country’s huge debt and fund social programs that are expanding as the country’s population ages. Japan’s debt ratio is the highest among developed nations at roughly two and a half times the country’s annual economic output.

Mr. Abe has already delayed the tax raise twice. His insistence on sticking to the October deadline has drawn condemnation from across the political spectrum, including from members of his own party, who argue that raising the tax now could push the country into recession.

Nevertheless, the Abe administration has said it will take an economic shock on the scale of the 2008 financial crisis to derail its plans.

Speaking to reporters following the data release, Toshimitsu Motegi, the minister in charge of carrying out Japan’s economic policies, focused on the positive, saying that “we believe the trends in demand have not deteriorated.”

The plans to implement the consumption tax “remain unchanged,” he said.

Though Monday’s report was mixed, the strong headline figure may also open some space for Mr. Abe in his negotiations with the United States over a trade deal between the two countries.