N° patient

Reminiscence

Patient

Main author

Year of publication

Debriefing - Memory Content

Type of reminiscence

Age

Sex

Handedness

Pathology

Epilepsy duration (year)

Medical past

Seizures

Dreamy state during seizures

Hemisphere supposed SOZ

Supposed Epileptogenic Zone

Brain lesion

EBS Localisation

Hemispheric side of EBS

Afterdischarge (AD)

Localisation post-décharge (Décharge si spontanée)

Pulses

Frequency - pulses duration

Bi- or monopolar stimulation

Type of surgical exploration

Amplitude or Intensity

référence bibliographique complte

1 a Case number 1 Bickford 1958 At other times he said, "I can hear many voices hollering for me across the street. They want me to come and play. lt's somewhere near home. I think there are five or six people. I can hear them but can't see anything." He said that such "hollering" across the street was a frequent experience when he played at home, and he also volunteered the information for the first time that similar "hollering". If stimulation was continued, once the threshold for "hollering" had been reached, the experience sometimes seemed to increase in complexity, and he would say: "There are more people hollering. I can hear those voices very plainly." Personal semantics 11 M Right Epilepsy 5 Febrile seizures, tonsillectomy, mental retardation, psychiatric disorders "I am having a spell" followed by turning of the head to the right with drawing up of the right arm and sometimes of the right leg. Then there is a short period of staring and unresponsiveness. Dreamy state: "I am having a spell." Left Unilateral temporal Enlargement of anterior part of temporal lobe Amygdala Left No AD Monophasic 20Hz - pulses 1ms Bipolar Depth electrodes >5V Bickford, R. G., Mulder, D. W., Dodge Jr, H. W., Svien, H. J., & Rome, H. P. (1958). Changes in memory function produced by electrical stimulation of the temporal lobe in man. Research Publications of the Association for Research in Nervous & Mental Disease.

2 a M.M. Penfield 1958/1963 She heard a "mother calling his little boy." "It seemed to be something that happened years ago Episodic 26 F Unspecified Epilepsy 11 Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Right Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

2 b M.M. Penfield 1958/1963 "Yes, I hear the same familiar sounds, it seems to be a woman calling. The same lady. That was not in the neighbourhood. It seemed to be at the lumber yard." She added "I have never been around any lumber yard". Unclassifiable 26 F Unspecified Epilepsy 11 Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Right Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

2 c M.M. Penfield 1958/1963 [She] hears a man's voice and a woman's voice "down along the river somewhere" and she saw the river. It was a place "I was visiting", she said "when i was a child." (1958). "Yes, I heard voices down along the river somewhere - a man's voice and a woman's voice, calling" When asked how she could tell it was down along the river, she said, "I think I saw the river". When asked what river, she said, "I do not know, it seems to be one I was visiting when I was a child." (1963) Personal semantics 26 F Unspecified Epilepsy 11 Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Right Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

2 d M.M. Penfield 1958/1963 She heard voices at late night and that she saw "the big wagons they use to haul the animals of a circus in (1958). "I hear voices it's late at night, around the carnival somewhere some sort of traveling circus. I just saw lots of big wagons they use to haul animals in" (1963). Unclassifiable 26 F Unspecified Epilepsy 11 Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Right Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

2 e M.M. Penfield 1958/1963 "I had a little memory - a scene in a play. They were talking and I could see it. It was just seeing it in my memory" (1963). Unclassifiable 26 F Unspecified Epilepsy 11 Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Right Unilateral temporal Unspecified Fusiform gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

2 f M.M. Penfield 1958/1963 "Oh it hurts and that feeling of familiarity - a familiar memory - the place where I hang my coat up, where I go to work" (1963). Personal semantics 26 F Unspecified Epilepsy 11 Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Right Unilateral temporal Unspecified Parahippocampal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

2 g M.M. Penfield 1958/1963 "I had a familiar memory in an office somewhere. I could see the desks I was there and some one was calling to me, a man leaning on a desk with a pencil in his hand". Episodic 26 F Unspecified Epilepsy 11 Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Right Unilateral temporal Unspecified Inferior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

3 a N.C. Penfield 1958/1963 "I feel I have a sick spell". Stimulus was withdrawn. She then added "Mother is talking to me" (1963). Familiarity 23 F Unspecified Epilepsy 19 Seizures at 2 years old after anti-pertussis serum injection Abdominal sensation, automatism, tonic posturing of the right arm and leg. None Left Unilateral temporal Focal atrophy of the first left temporal convolution extending medially to the left hippocampus Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

3 b N.C. Penfield 1958/1963 Patient laughed. When asked what had happened, while stimulation was still going on, she said: "Well, it is kind of a long story but I will tell you." Stimulus was withdrawn. She went on to explain a rather complicated situation, and then said she told her mother: "Don't forget the fabulous feeling." When asked if that was something she had said to her mother, she said her mother mocked her. When asked whether it was a dream or something she remembered, she exclaimed: "No." Then she said: "I took my arm and brought it down on the plate and broke the plate all to pieces." When asked where it was, she said in her home in Richland, Washington. (1963). Episodic 23 F Unspecified Epilepsy 19 Seizures at 2 years old after anti-pertussis serum injection Abdominal sensation, automatism, tonic posturing of the right arm and leg. None Left Unilateral temporal Focal atrophy of the first left temporal convolution extending medially to the left hippocampus Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

3 c N.C. Penfield 1958/1963 She said: "Yes, another experience, a different experience." Then she added: "A true experience. This man, Mr. Meerburger, he, oh well, he drinks. Twice his boy has run away. I went to the store once for an ice cream cone and I saw that he was back, and I said 'Hmm, he is back' and the lady asked me 'What is the matter,' and I didn't know how to explain so I said, 'Well you know Mr. Meerburger drinks.' I thought that was the easiest way but later mother told me, no, and it made it a lot worse." (1963). Episodic 23 F Unspecified Epilepsy 19 Seizures at 2 years old after anti-pertussis serum injection Abdominal sensation, automatism, tonic posturing of the right arm and leg. None Left Unilateral temporal Focal atrophy of the first left temporal convolution extending medially to the left hippocampus Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

3 d N.C. Penfield 1958/1963 "It makes me think of a baby song, I cannot think of words" (1963). Semantic 23 F Unspecified Epilepsy 19 Seizures at 2 years old after anti-pertussis serum injection Abdominal sensation, automatism, tonic posturing of the right arm and leg. None Left Unilateral temporal Focal atrophy of the first left temporal convolution extending medially to the left hippocampus Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

3 e N.C. Penfield 1958/1963 After withdrawal, the operator said, "You don't notice anything do you?" She replied, "Yes, I was trying to identify the song." When asked if she would like the stimulation repeated, she said, "Yes." Stimulus was applied and after a time she began to hum, and she hummed an air quite accurately. Then she said, "It is the War March of the Priests (1963), Semantic 23 F Unspecified Epilepsy 19 Seizures at 2 years old after anti-pertussis serum injection Abdominal sensation, automatism, tonic posturing of the right arm and leg. None Left Unilateral temporal Focal atrophy of the first left temporal convolution extending medially to the left hippocampus Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

3 f N.C. Penfield 1958/1963 Patient was asked if she heard the air and she said she heard another one which sounded very much like "War March of the Priests." She added that it was not a baby song after all. She thought the first song she heard was a baby song (1963). Semantic 23 F Unspecified Epilepsy 19 Seizures at 2 years old after anti-pertussis serum injection Abdominal sensation, automatism, tonic posturing of the right arm and leg. None Left Unilateral temporal Focal atrophy of the first left temporal convolution extending medially to the left hippocampus Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

3 g N.C. Penfield 1958/1963 As a final test the patient was asked to let the operator know when she heard the song. After some delay, point 23 was stimulated. As the electrode was applied, she said: "There." When asked what it was, she said all she could think of was the War March of the Priests. She said she had the Hallelujah Chorus on a record at home and that this was on the other side of it. When asked what it was she heard she said it was just an arrangement of the orchestra and no voice. She was only able to hum it part way, and she added that she did not know the words (1963). Semantic 23 F Unspecified Epilepsy 19 Seizures at 2 years old after anti-pertussis serum injection Abdominal sensation, automatism, tonic posturing of the right arm and leg. None Left Unilateral temporal Focal atrophy of the first left temporal convolution extending medially to the left hippocampus Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

4 a E.W. Penfield 1958 She seemed to be living over again a previous experience. She seemed to see herself giving birth to her baby girl. Personal folklore 37 F Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W. (1958). Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 51-66.

5 a M.B. Van Buren 1960 "I saw something, a dream, a nightmare I had a couple years ago." Reminiscence of a dream 19 M Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Head trauma Chest sensation, auditory hallucination, visual illusion, changed interpretation of self and surroundings, automatisms or ajor fit, post ictal metallic taste. Auditory hallucination, visual illusion, changed interpretation of self and surroundings. Bilateral Bilateral temporal Englarged left ventricle Temporal pole Unspecified AD Temporal 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Bipolar Depth Electrodes Unspecified Van Buren, J. M. (1961). Sensory, motor and autonomic effects of mesial temporal stimulation in man. Journal of neurosurgery, 18(3), 273-288.

5 b M.B. Van Buren 1960 "That brings back the nightmare-like picture of the 'Wizard of Oz' - 'Little men from Mars' ". Restimulation in the same regions causes him to make the same remarks. Semantic 19 M Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Head trauma Chest sensation, auditory hallucination, visual illusion, changed interpretation of self and surroundings, automatisms or ajor fit, post ictal metallic taste Auditory hallucination, visual illusion, changed interpretation of self and surroundings. Bilateral Bilateral temporal Englarged left ventricle Temporal pole Unspecified AD Temporal 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Bipolar Depth Electrodes (.006 inches stainless-stell wire insultaed with Kel-F plastic apart from the Tip,wires mounted serially on a central 30 gauge stainless - stell core 4 cm) Unspecified Van Buren, J. M. (1961). Sensory, motor and autonomic effects of mesial temporal stimulation in man. Journal of neurosurgery, 18(3), 273-288.

5 c M.B. Van Buren 1960 On restimulation he said "in a dream I have had before 'a monkey doing something impossible'." Reminiscence of a dream 19 M Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Head trauma Chest sensation, auditory hallucination, visual illusion, changed interpretation of self and surroundings, automatisms or ajor fit, post ictal metallic taste. Auditory hallucination, visual illusion, changed interpretation of self and surroundings. Bilateral Bilateral temporal Englarged left ventricle Temporal pole Unspecified AD Temporal 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Bipolar Depth Electrodes (.006 inches stainless-stell wire insultaed with Kel-F plastic apart from the Tip,wires mounted serially on a centrla on a central 30 gauge stainless -stell core 4 cm) Unspecified Van Buren, J. M. (1961). Sensory, motor and autonomic effects of mesial temporal stimulation in man. Journal of neurosurgery, 18(3), 273-288.

6 a E.O. Baldwin 1960 "I had a young feeling." "I felt 6 years old again." Personal semantics 17 M Right Epilepsy 2 Cyanosis at birth, slow development Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left Unspecified 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 40V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

6 b E.O. Baldwin 1960 "I have a sensation like I was building a jet racer which was red and blue." Episodic 17 M Right Epilepsy 2 Cyanosis at birth, slow development Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left Unspecified 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 40V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

6 c E.O. Baldwin 1960 "It was long ago. We were deer hunting." When asked he said he saw himself deer hunting with his father. Episodic 17 M Right Epilepsy 2 Cyanosis at birth, slow development Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left Unspecified 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 40V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

7 a C.W. Baldwin 1960 "It's a garage on the left, the trees in the back, the fence. " "You are [talking about doctor] familiar to me, you look like and old fellow I know Jack Hough." Personal semantics 28 M Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Unspecified Epigastric sensation, oral automatism. None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 8V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

7 b C.W. Baldwin 1960 " I saw the same scene you were Jack Hough." Unclassifiable 28 M Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Unspecified Epigastric sensation, oral automatism. None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 8V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

7 c C.W. Baldwin 1960 When there is a change of place between the doctor and the other people in the room, the patient is reliving the same scene but without Jack Hough. Personal semantics 28 M Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Unspecified Epigastric sensation, oral automatism. None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 8V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

7 d C.W. Baldwin 1960 "This scene was different it was the old schoolhouse but Jack Hough was there still". "It s a gray stone building very firm to gray." Personal semantics 28 M Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Unspecified Epigastric sensation, oral automatism. None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 8V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

7 e C.W. Baldwin 1960 "I just had that feeling again. Jack Hough was the only one on the picture and he did not say a word to me". Personal semantics 28 M Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Unspecified Epigastric sensation, oral automatism. None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 8V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

7 f C.W. Baldwin 1960 He saw an old math class, he was outside the actual scene with Jack Hough. Personal semantics 28 M Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Unspecified Epigastric sensation, oral automatism. None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 8V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

7 g C.W. Baldwin 1960 He saw the scene of the garage. Personal semantics 28 M Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Unspecified Epigastric sensation, oral automatism. None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 8V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

7 h C.W. Baldwin 1960 "The picture I saw this time - the picture was on Bryn Mawr Avenue in front of JH's house. It was entirely different, JH was in the picture". Personal semantics 28 M Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Unspecified Epigastric sensation, oral automatism. None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 8V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

7 i C.W. Baldwin 1960 "JH was in the picture. There is a brick house in back of him. It is contrahawkins straight road". Personal semantics 28 M Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Unspecified Epigastric sensation, oral automatism. None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 8V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

8 a M.F. Baldwin 1960 "You sound distant and I feel strange. A lot of things come back to my memory... There was a boy named Peter Bush... I wonder why these things are being brought to my attention". "I know where he lives and can tell you his address." Personal semantics 25 F Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Unspecified Epigastric sensation, oral automatism, loss of contact. None Right Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Unspecified No AD 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 1-5V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

8 b M.F. Baldwin 1960 "Do you hear that man scraping in the hall" she continued " that reminds me of the Kinney School where Iused to go and of the Jannitor pulling something " " I don't know why i think of these things " it makes me feel very strange". Personal semantics 25 F Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Unspecified Epigastric sensation, oral automatism, loss of contact. None Right Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Unspecified No AD 60Hz - pulses 2.5ms Monopolar Depth electrodes during awake surgery 1-5V Baldwin, M. (1960). Electrical stimulation of the mesial temporal region. Electrical Studies on the Unanesthetized Brain. E. R. Ramey and D. S. O'Doherty. New York, Hoeber: 159-176.

9 a Single case Sem Jacobsen 1960 One patient revealed events that happened to him at this hospital several years ago. The psychiatrists at the hospital do not feel there is any indication as to the episode being of special significance to the patient Personal semantics 39 Unspecified Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Right temporo-occipital atrophy Parahippocampal gyrus Unspecified Unspecified Biphasic 60Hz - pulses 1ms Bipolar Depth electrodes Unspecified Sem-Jacobsen, C. W., & Torkildsen, A. (1960). Depth recording and electrical stimulation in the human brain. Electrical studies on the unanesthetized brain, 275-290.

10 a J.V. Penfield 1963 Repeated five minutes after above stimulation at this point. "Everybody is yelling again. It is mostly my family. I can hear my mother and brothers." Familiarity 14 F Unspecified Epilepsy 3 Unspecified Experiential hallucination (visual type), interpretive illusion, fear, automatism. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Right Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

11 a R.B. Penfield & Perot 1963 Repeated. "I tried to think." When asked whether he saw something or heard something, he said, "I saw and heard. It seemed familiar, as though I had been there." Unclassifiable 21 M Left Epilepsy 12 Unspecified An epigastric sensation followed by a change in his thinking so that things became "unreal", a sensation in the right side of his neck, a right auditory sensation and vertigo +/_ automatic behavior. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Left Unilateral temporal Left hemispheric atrophy, hippocampal hemorrhagic cyst Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

11 b R.B. Penfield & Perot 1963 He explained "It was like being in a dance hall, like standing in the doorway - in a gymnasium - like at the Kenwood Highschool." He added, "If I wanted to go there it would be similar to what I heard just now." Unclassifiable 21 M Left Epilepsy 12 Unspecified An epigastric sensation followed by a change in his thinking so that things became "unreal", a sensation in the right side of his neck, a right auditory sensation and vertigo +/_ automatic behavior. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Left Unilateral temporal Left hemispheric atrophy, hippocampal hemorrhagic cyst Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

11 c R.B. Penfield & Perot 1963 "People's voices." When asked, he said, "Relatives, my mother." When asked if it was over, he said, "I do not know." When asked if he also realized he was in the operating room, he said "Yes." He explained it seemed like a dream." Familiarity 21 M Left Epilepsy 12 Unspecified An epigastric sensation followed by a change in his thinking so that things became "unreal", a sensation in the right side of his neck, a right auditory sensation and vertigo +/_ automatic behavior. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Left Unilateral temporal Left hemispheric atrophy, hippocampal hemorrhagic cyst Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

11 d R.B. Penfield & Perot 1963 Patient said "I am trying." After withdrawal of the electrode he said, "It seemed as if my niece and nephew were visiting at my home. It happened like that many times. They were getting ready to go home, putting their things on their coats and hats." When asked where, he said, "In the dining room the front room - they were moving about. There were three of them and my mother was talking to them. She was rushed - in a hurry. I could not see them clearly or hear them clearly." Personal semantics 21 M Left Epilepsy 12 Unspecified An epigastric sensation followed by a change in his thinking so that things became "unreal", a sensation in the right side of his neck, a right auditory sensation and vertigo +/_ automatic behavior. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Left Unilateral temporal Left hemispheric atrophy, hippocampal hemorrhagic cyst Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

11 e R.B. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Radio. I think it was Philadelphia; it was news." He said it was at his home. Personal semantics 21 M Left Epilepsy 12 Unspecified An epigastric sensation followed by a change in his thinking so that things became "unreal", a sensation in the right side of his neck, a right auditory sensation and vertigo +/_ automatic behavior. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Left Unilateral temporal Left hemispheric atrophy, hippocampal hemorrhagic cyst Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

12 a R.W. Penfield & Perot 1963 He said nothing for a little interval and then he said: "Oh gee, gosh, robbers are coming at me with guns! "He heard nothing, he just saw them coming at him. The robbers seemed to have been coming at an angle from the left. When asked if they came in front of him, he said no they were behind him. This seems to be the reproduction not of a real event, but of a fantasy or a dream drawn from the reading of a comic book, a silent fantasy devoid of auditory components. Strangeness with memory 12 M Unspecified Epilepsy 3 Unspecified Visual sensation (coloured triangles), experiential hallucination (visual), automatism with an occasional generalized seizure (mainly left-sided). After the visual sensation usually he would see a robber, or a man with a gun, moving toward him. The man was someone he had seen in the movies or the comic strips. The figures then moved to the left and the patient's head and eyes would turn to the left. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Right Occipital Right occipital lobe cortical scar Middle temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

12 b R.W. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes, the robbers they are coming after me." Strangeness with memory 12 M Unspecified Epilepsy 3 Unspecified Visual sensation (coloured triangles), experiential hallucination (visual), automatism with an occasional generalized seizure (mainly left-sided). After the visual sensation usually he would see a robber, or a man with a gun, moving toward him. The man was someone he had seen in the movies or the comic strips. The figures then moved to the left and the patient's head and eyes would turn to the left. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Right Occipital Right occipital lobe cortical scar Unclear/unspecified Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

12 c R.W. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Oh gosh! There they are, my brother is there. He is aiming an air rifle at me." His eyes moved slowly to the left. The figures seemed to disappear before the cessation of the stimulus. When asked, he said his brother was walking toward him, and the gun was loaded. When asked where he was, he said at his house, in the yard. His other little brother was there, that was all. When asked if he felt scared when he saw his brother, he said, "Yes." When asked if he always felt scared when he saw the robbers, he said "Yes." Strangeness with memory 12 M Unspecified Epilepsy 3 Unspecified Visual sensation (coloured triangles), experiential hallucination (visual), automatism with an occasional generalized seizure (mainly left-sided). After the visual sensation usually he would see a robber, or a man with a gun, moving toward him. The man was someone he had seen in the movies or the comic strips. The figures then moved to the left and the patient's head and eyes would turn to the left. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Right Occipital Right occipital lobe cortical scar Inferior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

12 d R.W. Penfield & Perot 1963 "I heard someone speaking, my mother telling one of my aunts to come up tonight." Episodic 12 M Unspecified Epilepsy 3 Unspecified Visual sensation (coloured triangles), experiential hallucination (visual), automatism with an occasional generalized seizure (mainly left-sided). After the visual sensation usually he would see a robber, or a man with a gun, moving toward him. The man was someone he had seen in the movies or the comic strips. The figures then moved to the left and the patient's head and eyes would turn to the left. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Right Occipital Right occipital lobe cortical scar Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

12 e R.W. Penfield & Perot 1963 "The same as before. My mother was telling my aunt over the telephone to come up and visit us tonight." When asked how he knew she was talking over the telephone, he said he did not see her, but from the way his aunt's voice sounded when she answered he knew it was over the telephone. Episodic 12 M Unspecified Epilepsy 3 Unspecified Visual sensation (coloured triangles), experiential hallucination (visual), automatism with an occasional generalized seizure (mainly left-sided). After the visual sensation usually he would see a robber, or a man with a gun, moving toward him. The man was someone he had seen in the movies or the comic strips. The figures then moved to the left and the patient's head and eyes would turn to the left. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Right Occipital Right occipital lobe cortical scar Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

12 f R.W. Penfield & Perot 1963 "My mother is telling my brother he has got his coat on backwards. I can just hear them." When asked if he remembered it, he said, "Oh yes, just before I came here." When asked if he thought these things were like dreams, he said "No." When asked what it was like, he said "It is just like I go into a daze." Episodic 12 M Unspecified Epilepsy 3 Unspecified Visual sensation (coloured triangles), experiential hallucination (visual), automatism with an occasional generalized seizure (mainly left-sided). After the visual sensation usually he would see a robber, or a man with a gun, moving toward him. The man was someone he had seen in the movies or the comic strips. The figures then moved to the left and the patient's head and eyes would turn to the left. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Right Occipital Right occipital lobe cortical scar Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

13 a A.Bra. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes, it is White Christmas." When asked if anyone was singing, she said, "Yes, a choir." When asked if she remembered it being sung with a choir, she said she thought so. Semantic 32 F Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Depressive syndrome with hallucinations (16 years old) Experiential hallucination (visual or visual sensation), nausea, vomiting, adversive turning to the left, generalized convulsion. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Atrophic abnormality found in the occipital lobe and medial temporal lobe in the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

13 b A.Bra. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes, I have heard it before. A man's voice Familiarity 32 F Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Depressive syndrome with hallucinations (16 years old) Experiential hallucination (visual or visual sensation), nausea, vomiting, adversive turning to the left, generalized convulsion. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Atrophic abnormality found in the occipital lobe and medial temporal lobe in the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

13 c A.Bra. Penfield & Perot 1963 "The play again!" Then she began to hum. When asked what she was humming, she said she did not know, it was what she heard. Unclassifiable 32 F Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Depressive syndrome with hallucinations (16 years old) Experiential hallucination (visual or visual sensation), nausea, vomiting, adversive turning to the left, generalized convulsion. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Atrophic abnormality found in the occipital lobe and medial temporal lobe in the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

13 d A.Bra. Penfield & Perot 1963 Patient began to hum. She continued at the ordinary pace of a song. "I know it but I don't know the name Familiarity 32 F Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Depressive syndrome with hallucinations (16 years old) Experiential hallucination (visual or visual sensation), nausea, vomiting, adversive turning to the left, generalized convulsion. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Atrophic abnormality found in the occipital lobe and medial temporal lobe in the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

13 e A.Bra. Penfield & Perot 1963 "White Christmas" she said "It was the orchestra playing." Semantic 32 F Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Depressive syndrome with hallucinations (16 years old) Experiential hallucination (visual or visual sensation), nausea, vomiting, adversive turning to the left, generalized convulsion. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Atrophic abnormality found in the occipital lobe and medial temporal lobe in the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

13 f A.Bra. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes the play again." Semantic 32 F Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Depressive syndrome with hallucinations (16 years old) Experiential hallucination (visual or visual sensation), nausea, vomiting, adversive turning to the left, generalized convulsion. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Atrophic abnormality found in the occipital lobe and medial temporal lobe in the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

13 g A.Bra. Penfield & Perot 1963 "White Christmas." Semantic 32 F Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Depressive syndrome with hallucinations (16 years old) Experiential hallucination (visual or visual sensation), nausea, vomiting, adversive turning to the left, generalized convulsion. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Atrophic abnormality found in the occipital lobe and medial temporal lobe in the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

13 h A.Bra. Penfield & Perot 1963 "The play - they are talking." When asked who, she said: "The men are talking." When asked who they were, she said: "I don't know." Unclassifiable 32 F Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Depressive syndrome with hallucinations (16 years old) Experiential hallucination (visual or visual sensation), nausea, vomiting, adversive turning to the left, generalized convulsion. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Atrophic abnormality found in the occipital lobe and medial temporal lobe in the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

13 i A.Bra. Penfield & Perot 1963 "The same thing. The play and they are banging on something like a drum." Unclassifiable 32 F Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Depressive syndrome with hallucinations (16 years old) Experiential hallucination (visual or visual sensation), nausea, vomiting, adversive turning to the left, generalized convulsion. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Atrophic abnormality found in the occipital lobe and medial temporal lobe in the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

14 a D.F. Penfield & Perot 1963-1958 "I hear some music." One year later in a letter to Penfield she describes: "There were instruments, it was as though it were being played by an orchestra. Definitely it was not as though I were imaging the tune to myself. I actually heard it. It is not one of my favorite songs, so I don't know why I heard that song. I finally got ahold of a copy of this piece and played it on the piano the other Sunday." Semantic 26 F Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Anoxic brain injury following an anaesthetic Warning feeling of sudden fear, substernal thoracic sensation, automatism, occasional generalized seizure. Experiential hallucination - visual type, interpretive illusion - fear. Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Right temporal lobe ischemic lesion: atrophy of the right first temporal convolution, of the inferior temporal lobe and of the uncus Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

14 b D.F. Penfield & Perot 1963 "I hear the music again. It is like the radio." When asked what tune, she said she did not know but that it was familiar. Familiarity 26 F Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Anoxic brain injury following an anaesthetic Warning feeling of sudden fear, substernal thoracic sensation, automatism, occasional generalized seizure. None Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Right temporal lobe ischemic lesion: atrophy of the right first temporal convolution, of the inferior temporal lobe and of the uncus Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

14 c D.F. Penfield & Perot 1963 "I hear it." The electrode was kept in place and she was asked to tell us about it. She then hummed the tune. When asked, she said she never noticed that before an attack. Miss Stanley, the operating room nurse, recognized the tune as "Rolling Along Together." The patient agreed that this sounded like the words in the song. Semantic 26 F Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Anoxic brain injury following an anaesthetic Warning feeling of sudden fear, substernal thoracic sensation, automatism, occasional generalized seizure. None Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Right temporal lobe ischemic lesion: atrophy of the right first temporal convolution, of the inferior temporal lobe and of the uncus Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

15 a M.G. Penfield & Perot 1963 "I hear people coming in." Then, "I hear music now - a funny little piece." Stimulation was continued. Patient became more talkative than usual, explaining that the music was something she had heard on the radio - that it was the theme song of a children's program. When asked, she said it was a record. Semantic 16 F Unspecified Epilepsy 2 Unspecified Experiential hallucination - combined auditory and visual type, generalized seizure. Before each of her attacks she would hear music which was always the same, a lullaby her mother had sung, "Hush-a-bye, my baby ..." She seemed to be in church or in a convent when she heard the song. Right Temporal but unspecified None Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

16 a S.H. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Voices, the same as before. I was just losing touch with reality again." When asked, he replied that he could not understand what the voices were saying, they sounded "hazy." Unclassifiable 20 M Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Febrile seizures (3 years old). A thought or an awareness that an attack was imminent, experiential hallucination - auditory, the attack might stop at this point or go on to a mainly right-sided tonic posturing seizure with loss of consciousness. Thought or awareness, "It is a sudden clear, mental feeling which I know means an attack is coming." Left Unilateral temporal Scar with gliosis of the left anterior temporal lobe Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

17 a R.L. Penfield & Perot 1963 After withdrawal of the electrode, patient was asked whether she noticed anything and she said it sounded like a voice saying, "Jimmy, Jimmy, Jimmy." When asked, she said it was her husband's name and what she calls him. Personal semantics 26 F Unspecified Epilepsy 2 Unspecified Interpretive illusion (visual and auditory, objects seemed to come closer to her and things heard sounded louder and nearer), turning of head to left, momentary loss of consciousness, occasional nocturnal generalized seizures. Interpretive illusion (visual and auditory, objects seemed to come closer to her and things heard sounded louder and nearer). Right Unilateral temporal Abnormality of the medial and inferior cortex Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

18 a R.M. Penfield & Perot 1963 The patient talked during stimulation. He said: "It was like a guy coming through the fence at the baseball game. I can see the whole thing." When asked if he had seen someone do that, he said, "Yes, I think so." When asked if he remembered the incident, he said: "I just happened to watch these two teams play when the fellow came through the fence. That would be like the beginning of an attack, anything might come up." Episodic 31 M Unspecified Epilepsy 25 Unspecified Autonomic-visceral motor (scrotal movement), experiential hallucination, automatisms. Experiential hallucination Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

18 b R.M. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Oh, it was like an attack, there was someone smoking tobacco, but I do not know who it was." When asked whether he heard or saw the man, he said he could not hear anything. Unclassifiable 31 M Unspecified Epilepsy 25 Unspecified Autonomic-visceral motor (scrotal movement), experiential hallucination, automatisms. Experiential hallucination Left Temporal but unspecified Incisural sclerosis abnormality in the left temporal lobe Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

19 a R. Mca.. Penfield & Perot 1963 He very quickly said, "The song again, doctor!" When asked, he said that he could not sing the song. He explained that it was a very modern one and instrumental rather than vocal. It was a song that he had heard before, a popular one on the radio, but he did not know the name of it. Semantic 18 M Right Epilepsy 5 Unspecified Epigastric sensation, cephalic sensation eperiential hallucination - auditory, occasional major attacks beginning with initial unconsciousness. He stated that in most of his attacks he would "hear in my mind" the tune of some song that he had often heard when he was a child. He believed that it was a song from a children's program on the radio which he listened to often when 11 or 12 years old. It was orchestral music and there was no vocal accompaniment. Right Unilateral temporal Left hemisphere sequelar atrophy Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

19 b R. Mca. Penfield & Perot 1963 He exclaimed: "Here comes the song again." And then he added, "With a lot of old memories." Semantic 18 M Right Epilepsy 5 Unspecified Epigastric sensation, cephalic sensation eperiential hallucination - auditory, occasional major attacks beginning with initial unconsciousness. He stated that in most of his attacks he would "hear in my mind" the tune of some song that he had often heard when he was a child. He believed that it was a song from a children's program on the radio which he listened to often when 11 or 12 years old. It was orchestral music and there was no vocal accompaniment. Right Unilateral temporal Left hemisphere sequelar atrophy Middle temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

19 c R. Mca. Penfield & Perot 1963 He stated that he heard the song as in a spell. Unclassifiable 18 M Right Epilepsy 5 Unspecified Epigastric sensation, cephalic sensation eperiential hallucination - auditory, occasional major attacks beginning with initial unconsciousness. He stated that in most of his attacks he would "hear in my mind" the tune of some song that he had often heard when he was a child. He believed that it was a song from a children's program on the radio which he listened to often when 11 or 12 years old. It was orchestral music and there was no vocal accompaniment. Right Unilateral temporal Left hemisphere sequelar atrophy Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

20 a R. Re. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes, something that someone has said." After a pause, "Not here, in Johannesburg." Unclassifiable 46 M Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Meningitis Change in his thinking or stream of thought, he was then aware that he was making a mumbling sound and salivating, he felt the corner of his mouth pull to the right, he then lost consciousness and had automatisms. Change in his thinking or stream of thought. Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

20 a R. Re. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes, something that was said, also something that was said in Johannesburg, and it was said by somebody that had been put out." Personal semantics 46 M Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Meningitis Change in his thinking or stream of thought, he was then aware that he was making a mumbling sound and salivating, he felt the corner of his mouth pull to the right, he then lost consciousness and had automatisms. Change in his thinking or stream of thought. Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

20 b R. Re. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes, I was hearing at Johannesburg, it came and went very clearly." Personal semantics 46 M Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Meningitis Change in his thinking or stream of thought, he was then aware that he was making a mumbling sound and salivating, he felt the corner of his mouth pull to the right, he then lost consciousness and had automatisms. Change in his thinking or stream of thought. Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

20 c R. Re. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes, that same sort of sensation, somebody was speaking to me in Johannesburg." Patient said it is not the same voice each time. Personal semantics 46 M Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Meningitis Change in his thinking or stream of thought, he was then aware that he was making a mumbling sound and salivating, he felt the corner of his mouth pull to the right, he then lost consciousness and had automatisms. Change in his thinking or stream of thought. Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

20 d R. Re. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes, very vaguely, what you said took me back to what somebody said in Johannesburg." Personal semantics 46 M Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Meningitis Change in his thinking or stream of thought, he was then aware that he was making a mumbling sound and salivating, he felt the corner of his mouth pull to the right, he then lost consciousness and had automatisms. Change in his thinking or stream of thought. Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

20 e R. Re. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes, it reminds me of a song." Patient repeated the surgeon's words saying, "What do you hear?" He said afterwards that the song seemed to continue from the surgeon's words. Familiarity 46 M Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Meningitis Change in his thinking or stream of thought, he was then aware that he was making a mumbling sound and salivating, he felt the corner of his mouth pull to the right, he then lost consciousness and had automatisms. Change in his thinking or stream of thought. Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

20 f R. Re. Penfield & Perot 1963 "I recall looking up my doctor in Johannesburg and telling him of my sensations." When asked whether he seemed to be with him, he said, "Yes." And added, "Like I was telling the doctor the sensation I had when I got the disease from water." The patient explained that it was a memory going back to the time when he spoke to the doctor. Episodic 46 M Unspecified Epilepsy 1 Meningitis Change in his thinking or stream of thought, he was then aware that he was making a mumbling sound and salivating, he felt the corner of his mouth pull to the right, he then lost consciousness and had automatisms. Change in his thinking or stream of thought. Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

21 a G.B. Penfield & Perot 1963 "I am seeing a picture of a dog and cat." When asked what they were doing, she said, "The dog is chasing the cat." She said that they were running in the driveway at home and she remembered seeing them doing this before. Episodic 16 F Unspecified Epilepsy 13 "Complicated" birth Dizziness, staring and confusion, chewing movements, raising of right arm, major generalized seizure with turning to right. None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

22 a S. Be. Penfield & Perot 1963 While the electrode was held in place the patient said, "Something brings back a memory, I could see Seven-Up Bottling Company - Harrison Bakery." Warning was given again, but no stimulus applied. He was not fooled and replied, "Nothing." Personal semantics 25 F Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Unspecified Vertigo, experiential hallucination - auditory. Later the attacks changed their character and sensation, loss of consciousness and a generalized seizure. Experiential hallucination - auditory. Right Unilateral temporal Sylvian vascular malformation Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

22 b S. Be. Penfield & Perot 1963 While the electrode was held in place he replied, "Again something I have heard of but I cannot remember it." On questioning he added that it was a word but he could not remember what word. Familiarity 25 F Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Unspecified Vertigo, experiential hallucination - auditory. Later the attacks changed their character and sensation, loss of consciousness and a generalized seizure. Experiential hallucination - auditory. Right Unilateral temporal Sylvian vascular malformation Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

22 c S. Be. Penfield & Perot 1963 During stimulation he said, "I am trying to find the name of a song." The electrode was removed. "There was a piano there and someone was playing. I could hear the song, you know.It is a song I have sung before but I cannot find out quite what the title of the song is. That was what I was trying to do when you finished stimulating!" Semantic 25 F Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Unspecified Vertigo, experiential hallucination - auditory. Later the attacks changed their character and sensation, loss of consciousness and a generalized seizure. Experiential hallucination - auditory. Right Unilateral temporal Sylvian vascular malformation Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

22 d S. Be. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes, 'Oh Marie, Oh Marie' - someone is singing it." He was then asked who it was and he replied, "I don't know, Doctor, I cannot recognize the voice." Semantic 25 F Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Unspecified Vertigo, experiential hallucination - auditory. Later the attacks changed their character and sensation, loss of consciousness and a generalized seizure. Experiential hallucination - auditory. Right Unilateral temporal Sylvian vascular malformation Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

22 e S. Be. Penfield & Perot 1963 He observed, while the electrode was being held in place, "Again, 'Oh Marie, Oh Marie.' " He explained that he had heard this before. "It is a theme song," he said, "on a radio program. The program is called the Life of Luigi." The patient then discussed the identity of the song with Dr. Sears and he ended by singing the well-known refrain, "Oh Marie, Oh Marie." All in the operating room recognized the song. Semantic 25 F Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Unspecified Vertigo, experiential hallucination - auditory. Later the attacks changed their character and sensation, loss of consciousness and a generalized seizure. Experiential hallucination - auditory. Right Unilateral temporal Sylvian vascular malformation Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

22 f S. Be. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Someone telling me in my left (contralateral) ear, 'Sylvere, Sylvere!' It could have been the voice of my brother." Personal semantics 25 F Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Unspecified Vertigo, experiential hallucination - auditory. Later the attacks changed their character and sensation, loss of consciousness and a generalized seizure. Experiential hallucination - auditory. Right Unilateral temporal Sylvian vascular malformation Middle temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

23 a A. Br. Penfield & Perot 1963 "I seemed to hear a song, sort of familiar, like on the radio." Familiarity 28 F Unspecified Epilepsy 10 Unspecified Mental confusion or change in her thinking, automatisms, abdominal borborygmi. She felt that her thoughts were "going through a washing machine or wringer" or as if she were in another world. Right Unilateral temporal Focal atrophy (sequelae of thrombophlebitis) Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

23 b A. Br. Penfield & Perot 1963 Patient said, "No." Then she said, "It reminded me of a song, but I do not know what song it was." Familiarity 28 F Unspecified Epilepsy 10 Unspecified Mental confusion or change in her thinking, automatisms, abdominal borborygmi. She felt that her thoughts were "going through a washing machine or wringer" or as if she were in another world. Right Unilateral temporal Focal atrophy (sequelae of thrombophlebitis) Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

23 c A. Br. Penfield & Perot 1963 Patient said it made her try to imagine a familiar song. It was not that she heard the music. Strangeness with memory 28 F Unspecified Epilepsy 10 Unspecified Mental confusion or change in her thinking, automatisms, abdominal borborygmi. She felt that her thoughts were "going through a washing machine or wringer" or as if she were in another world. Right Unilateral temporal Focal atrophy (sequelae of thrombophlebitis) Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

23 d A. Br. Penfield & Perot 1963 Patient said immediately, "Right then." When asked what she meant, she said it reminded her of a song. She could not recall what the song was. Familiarity 28 F Unspecified Epilepsy 10 Unspecified Mental confusion or change in her thinking, automatisms, abdominal borborygmi. She felt that her thoughts were "going through a washing machine or wringer" or as if she were in another world. Right Unilateral temporal Focal atrophy (sequelae of thrombophlebitis) Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

23 e A. Br. Penfield & Perot 1963 Reminded her of a song. Familiarity 28 F Unspecified Epilepsy 10 Unspecified Mental confusion or change in her thinking, automatisms, abdominal borborygmi. She felt that her thoughts were "going through a washing machine or wringer" or as if she were in another world. Right Unilateral temporal Focal atrophy (sequelae of thrombophlebitis) Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

24 a G.E. Penfield & Perot 1963 Patient said she heard a buzzing sound. Then she said she saw a friend of hers. When asked who it was, she said "Somebody I know who I met on the street." She said it was a man and that she sometimes sees people in her attacks. Personal semantics 22 F Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Occipital fracture (16 months old), parieto-occipital gliosis surgery (13 years old). Forced turning of head and eyes to left, visual experiential hallucination - usually people seen, staring and occasional generalized seizures. When asked whether she ever heard people like her mother and father in any of her attacks, she said, "Sometimes." Right Unilateral temporal Right posterior sequelae of surgery and head trauma Occipital lobe Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

24 b G.E. Penfield & Perot 1963 After a pause the patient said, "I see a machine, one that I have seen before." The machine seemed to disappear before the end of the stimulation. Familiarity 22 F Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Occipital fracture (16 months old), parieto-occipital gliosis surgery (13 years old). Forced turning of head and eyes to left, visual experiential hallucination - usually people seen, staring and occasional generalized seizures. When asked whether she ever heard people like her mother and father in any of her attacks, she said, "Sometimes." Right Unilateral temporal Right posterior sequelae of surgery and head trauma Occipital lobe Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

24 c G.E. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Something new, I hear my mother singing." The electrode was replaced and she repeated, "I hear my mother singing." Personal semantics 22 F Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Occipital fracture (16 months old), parieto-occipital gliosis surgery (13 years old). Forced turning of head and eyes to left, visual experiential hallucination - usually people seen, staring and occasional generalized seizures. When asked whether she ever heard people like her mother and father in any of her attacks, she said, "Sometimes." Right Unilateral temporal Right posterior sequelae of surgery and head trauma Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

24 d G.E. Penfield & Perot 1963 After a little time, she said, "I hear my brother talking." When asked what he was saying, she said he was talking to one of his schoolmates. Personal semantics 22 F Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Occipital fracture (16 months old), parieto-occipital gliosis surgery (13 years old). Forced turning of head and eyes to left, visual experiential hallucination - usually people seen, staring and occasional generalized seizures. When asked whether she ever heard people like her mother and father in any of her attacks, she said, "Sometimes." Right Unilateral temporal Right posterior sequelae of surgery and head trauma Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

24 e G.E. Penfield & Perot 1963 "I hear my mother and father talking and singing." And after a pause, "Christmas carols." When asked, she said: "I saw them for a second or two, then it faded." On further inquiry, she said they were talking and singing about Christmas. She was then asked if when she had heard her brother she also saw him and she replied: "Yes." Personal semantics 22 F Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Occipital fracture (16 months old), parieto-occipital gliosis surgery (13 years old). Forced turning of head and eyes to left, visual experiential hallucination - usually people seen, staring and occasional generalized seizures. When asked whether she ever heard people like her mother and father in any of her attacks, she said, "Sometimes." Right Unilateral temporal Right posterior sequelae of surgery and head trauma Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

24 f G.E. Penfield & Perot 1963 She exclaimed "Was that my mother yelling?" When asked after withdrawal of the electrode, she said "She was yelling at my little baby sister, Mary Jane." When asked if she saw them, she said she saw both distinctly. She said one was moving, but she could not remember which. "Mary Jane had done something bad, and mother was telling her not to do it." Personal semantics 22 F Unspecified Epilepsy 20 Occipital fracture (16 months old), parieto-occipital gliosis surgery (13 years old). Forced turning of head and eyes to left, visual experiential hallucination - usually people seen, staring and occasional generalized seizures. When asked whether she ever heard people like her mother and father in any of her attacks, she said, "Sometimes." Right Unilateral temporal Right posterior sequelae of surgery and head trauma Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

25 a G.F. Penfield & Perot 1963 She said, "I just heard one of my children speaking." She added that it was the older one, Frank, and that she could hear the "neighbourhood noises" as well. She meant other children's voices and automobiles passing her house. When asked what Frank had said, she replied: "I could not get that." Personal semantics 45 F Unspecified Epilepsy 8 Unspecified Interpretive illusions, automatism, occasional generalized seizures. Interpretive illusion (characterized by fear, and things she looked at seemed far away). Right Unilateral temporal Right temporal lobe incisural sclerosis Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

25 b G.F. Penfield & Perot 1963 She said she heard the "neighbourhood noises" again but not her boy's voice. Personal semantics 45 F Unspecified Epilepsy 8 Unspecified Interpretive illusions, automatism, occasional generalized seizures. Interpretive illusion (characterized by fear, and things she looked at seemed far away). Right Unilateral temporal Right temporal lobe incisural sclerosis Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

26 a L.G. Penfield & Perot 1963 Patient stated that a thought entered his head which he seemed to have had before. He likend it io the beginning of an attack. It was something he had heard, felt and thought in the past. Unclassifiable 14 M Unspecified Epilepsy 9 Head trauma (3 years old). General body "fullness", experiential hallucination, visual, loss of consciousness with occasional generalized seizures. His father stated that he had episodes of seeing vivid scenes which had occured in the past, usually at school. The patient also described seeing a room at the outset of the attack. He seemed to be in the room, but did not see himself. The room ould then go far off, as though he were looking at it through the wrong end of field glasses). Left Unilateral temporal Cortical abnormality found at the temporal tip and undersurface Inferior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

26 b L.G. Penfield & Perot 1963 Patient heard something that he had heard before. He was unable to describe it. Unclassifiable 14 M Unspecified Epilepsy 9 Head trauma (3 years old). General body "fullness", experiential hallucination, visual, loss of consciousness with occasional generalized seizures. His father stated that he had episodes of seeing vivid scenes which had occured in the past, usually at school. The patient also described seeing a room at the outset of the attack. He seemed to be in the room, but did not see himself. The room ould then go far off, as though he were looking at it through the wrong end of field glasses). Left Unilateral temporal Cortical abnormality found at the temporal tip and undersurface Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

26 c L.G. Penfield & Perot 1963 Patient said "Something which has happened to me." Unclassifiable 14 M Unspecified Epilepsy 9 Head trauma (3 years old). General body "fullness", experiential hallucination, visual, loss of consciousness with occasional generalized seizures. His father stated that he had episodes of seeing vivid scenes which had occured in the past, usually at school. The patient also described seeing a room at the outset of the attack. He seemed to be in the room, but did not see himself. The room ould then go far off, as though he were looking at it through the wrong end of field glasses). Left Unilateral temporal Cortical abnormality found at the temporal tip and undersurface Inferior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

26 d L.G. Penfield & Perot 1963 Patient was unable to respond but made a little sound. On renewal of the stimulation he said, "Chant, une chanson." He explained it was a song he had heard before. When asked whether it was someone singing or an orchestra, he only said he seemed to hear it. Familiarity 14 M Unspecified Epilepsy 9 Head trauma (3 years old). General body "fullness", experiential hallucination, visual, loss of consciousness with occasional generalized seizures. The patient also described seeing a room at an attack. He seemed to be in the room, but did not see himself. The room would then go far off, as though he were looking at it through the wrong end of field glasses. Left Unilateral temporal Cortical abnormality found at the temporal tip and undersurface Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

27 a C.M. Penfield & Perot 1963 She said, "Like something that I have heard before." Familiarity 21 F Unspecified Epilepsy 10 Unspecified Interpretive illusion, a feeling of familiarity, automatism. Interpretive illusion (a feeling of familiarity). Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

27 b C.M. Penfield & Perot 1963 "I am having another one. I can't remember it. It seems like I was in my house." When asked where, she said "In the hallway, going towards my bedroom." Personal semantics 21 F Unspecified Epilepsy 10 Unspecified Interpretive illusion, a feeling of familiarity, automatism. Interpretive illusion (a feeling of familiarity). Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

27 c C.M. Penfield & Perot 1963 "I feel like this is the beginning of one. I was in the hospital and I was with the nurse's aide and she was telling me she had to go shopping." "Which hospital was it?" "The hospital we are in now." "Where were you, on what floor?" "I was on the fourth floor, in bed." "Who else was there with you?" "There were just us two." "Could you see her?" "Yes." "Do you know her name?" "The nurse's aide, the little Greek one." Episodic 21 F Unspecified Epilepsy 10 Unspecified Interpretive illusion, a feeling of familiarity, automatism. Interpretive illusion (a feeling of familiarity). Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

27 d C.M. Penfield & Perot 1963 She said, "I see them and they are talking to me about a spell."Who is saying it ? "Dr. Wilder Penfield." Unclassifiable 21 F Unspecified Epilepsy 10 Unspecified Interpretive illusion, a feeling of familiarity, automatism. Interpretive illusion (a feeling of familiarity). Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

27 e C.M. Penfield & Perot 1963 "The people are walking down the trays." She was asked if she saw them or heard them. "I saw them and I heard you." She was asked where this took place. She replied that it was at home in Detroit, "Maple Street, St. Claire Shores, Michigan." Where were you ? "I was in the house." Were they in the house ? "I can't remember what happened." Episodic 21 F Unspecified Epilepsy 10 Unspecified Interpretive illusion, a feeling of familiarity, automatism. Interpretive illusion (a feeling of familiarity). Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

28 a T.S. Penfield & Perot 1963 After about ten seconds he said, "I feel as though I was in the bathroom at school." When asked about it, he said, "It was just a sort of a flash-back." Personal semantics 19 M Unspecified Epilepsy 2 Unspecified Thoracic sensation, sensation in right hand and arm, experiential hallucination (visual), automatism with occasional generalized seizure. Many of his attacks were precipitated by music, especially modern jazz. The hallucinatory component was usuallly some form of memory of himself reaching for something. Once at school he felt a seizure grasp something. Suddenly he experienced performing exactly the same movement. He saw this as though he were "reviewing a scene in a movie." Right Unilateral temporal Right temporal insisural sclerosis Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

28 b T.S. Penfield & Perot 1963 Patient said "Nothing." Then he added "A slight blurring on the street corner." When asked where, he said: "South Bend, Indiana, Jacob and Washington". When asked about it, he said he seemed to be looking at himself at a younger age. Personal semantics 19 M Unspecified Epilepsy 2 Unspecified Thoracic sensation, sensation in right hand and arm, experiential hallucination (visual), automatism with occasional generalized seizure. Many of his attacks were precipitated by music, especially modern jazz. The hallucinatory component was usuallly some form of memory of himself reaching for something. Once at school he felt a seizure grasp something. Suddenly he experienced performing exactly the same movement. He saw this as though he were "reviewing a scene in a movie." Right Unilateral temporal Right temporal insisural sclerosis Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

28 c T.S. Penfield & Perot 1963 "I feel as though I am going into an attack." When asked why, he said, "That music, from the stage hit 'Guys and Dolls'." When asked which song in this play, he said he did not remember. When asked whether he remembered it, he replied that it was more like it was when, "I was listening to it." It was an orchestration. When asked whether he seemed to be there or was remembering it, he said, "I seemed to be there." Personal semantics 19 M Unspecified Epilepsy 2 Unspecified Thoracic sensation, sensation in right hand and arm, experiential hallucination (visual), automatism with occasional generalized seizure. Many of his attacks were precipitated by music, especially modern jazz. The hallucinatory component was usuallly some form of memory of himself reaching for something. Once at school he felt a seizure grasp something. Suddenly he experienced performing exactly the same movement. He saw this as though he were "reviewing a scene in a movie." Right Unilateral temporal Right temporal insisural sclerosis Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

29 a J.T. Penfield & Perot 1963 As soon as the current was turned on, the patient exclaimed in great surprise: "Yes, Doctor, yes, Doctor! Now I hear people laughing Personal semantics 21 M Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Unspecified Cephalic sensation, automatism. None Right Unilateral temporal Glioma Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

30 a S.S. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Flash-back." She said she was thinking of when her mother went to the hospital. Personal semantics 20 F Unspecified Epilepsy 18 Unspecified An epigastric sensation, experiential hallucination - unclassified type, brief loss of awareness or infrequently a generalized seizure. "I may see something before me at the time, not as a visual impression perceived externally, but something as seen within my mind. This thing reminds me of something else, which reminds me of something else, and there is a chain of association which follows." This was apparently never stereotyped and she could not remember any specific examples. Right Unilateral temporal Temporal sclerois Superior temporal gyrus Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

30 b S.S. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes, a flash-back." She said she was thinking about her dog. Personal semantics 20 F Unspecified Epilepsy 18 Unspecified An epigastric sensation, experiential hallucination (unclassified type), brief loss of awareness or infrequently a generalized seizure. I may see something before me at the time, not as a visual impression perceived externally, but something as seen within my mind. This thing reminds me of something else, which reminds me of something else, and there is a chain of association which follows. This was apparently never stereotyped and she could not remember any specific examples. Right Unilateral temporal Temporal sclerois Amygdala Right No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

31 a A.P. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Some crazy things ran through my mind. I was younger, at school. I was playing with a polo bat." When asked, he said he remembers doing this when going to school at about the age of 10. Personal semantics 19 M Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Lower right homonymous quadranopsia Initial automatism or cephalic sensation and desire to stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

31 b A.P. Penfield & Perot 1963 "See if it comes again." Immediately upon application of the electrode, he said: "Yes, get out." It was a man's voice in a pool room, telling A.P. to get out. When asked, he said: "I have been in a pool room before; it might be that same one or it might not." Episodic 19 M Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Lower right homonymous quadranopsia Initial automatism or cephalic sensation and desire to stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

31 c A.P. Penfield & Perot 1963 He said "Tokyo." Electrode kept in place for some time. Patient said "There are voices but I cannot get what they are saying - Tokike." He repeated the word, "Tokike." When asked how to spell it, he said, "I do not know - t-o-k-i or something like that." Unclassifiable 19 M Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Lower right homonymous quadranopsia Initial automatism or cephalic sensation and desire to stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

31 d A.P. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes, it is coming again. It is water. It sounds like a toilet flushing or a dog barking." When asked where this was, he said he did not know. Wen asked, he said that "the toilet flushed first and then the dog started to bark." Unclassifiable 19 M Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Lower right homonymous quadranopsia Initial automatism or cephalic sensation and desire to stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

31 e A.P. Penfield & Perot 1963 "In my ears there seems to be music." When asked what tune, while the electrode was still on, he said, "I don't know, but your voice sounds as if it is in the distance." Unclassifiable 19 M Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Lower right homonymous quadranopsia Initial automatism or cephalic sensation and desire to stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

31 f A.P. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Yes, music again." When asked if it was an orchestra or someone singing, he said, "It is a girl or a woman singing, but I am still unable to get the tune. It came from either a record player or a radio." Unclassifiable 19 M Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Lower right homonymous quadranopsia Initial automatism or cephalic sensation and desire to stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

31 g A.P. Penfield & Perot 1963 "Shoulder, shoulder, is echoing." He seemed to have slight difficulty in speech. He then said, "Stay still. Someone is telling to stay still." After withdrawal of the electrode he said he had an electric sensation from the finger tips to the shoulder on the right. After this sensation someone was telling to stay still. "My eyes started staring and then someone kept repeating 'stay still' ". When asked he said he did not know who it was but it might have been a doctor. Unclassifiable 19 M Unspecified Epilepsy 6 Lower right homonymous quadranopsia Initial automatism or cephalic sensation and desire to stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Left Unilateral temporal Unspecified Superior temporal gyrus Left No AD 40-100Hz - pulses 2-5ms Monopolar Awake surgery 1-5V Penfield, W., & Perot, P. (1963). The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain, 86(4), 595-696.

32 a Single case Chapman & Weingarten 1967 He reported he was reexperiencing an epoch from his own past. It concerned his entering a hospital in a small city where he had lived seven or eight years previously he stated that he could see the people and the places vividly and call recall their names. The episode concerned entering the hospital and greeting a nurse, the visual aspect dominated his spontaneous recall but other features such as sounds smells and emotions were said to be present. On restimulation on the sites the same experience was induced, the interviewer asked for details and the patient replied that he would be able to furnish details if the stimulus was repeated again. When the stimulus began again, he directed his attention to the details, sought and was able to describe them. The patient said that the hospital and his contacts with doctor and nurse were extremely important events in his life, but that the specific epoch reexeprienced did not stand out as a particularly meaningful. He had completely forgotten the specific episode (Chapman et al., 1967). Feels like he is at white memorial hospital and is age 8 (Weingarten et al., 1976) Episodic 21 M Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Unspecified Stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Amygdala Left AD Medial temporal Biphasic 10Hz - unspecified pulses Bipolar SEEG 15V-3mA Chapman, L. F., Walter, R. D., Markham, C. H., Rand, R. W., & Crandall, P. H. (1966). Memory changes induced by stimulation of hippocampus or amygdala in epilepsy patients with implanted electrodes. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 92, 50-56.

32 b Single case Chapman & Weingarten 1967 He reported he was reexperiencing an epoch from his own past. It concerned his entering a hospital in a small city where he had lived seven or eight years previously he stated that he could see the people and the places vividly and call recall their names. The episode concerned entering the hospital and greeting a nurse, the visual aspect dominated his spontaneous recall but other features such as sounds smells and emotions were said to be present. On restimulation on the sites the same experience was induced, the interviewer asked for details and the patient replied that he would be able to furnish details if the stimulus was repeated again. When the stimulus began again, he directed his attention to the details, sought and was able to describe them. The patient said that the hospital and his contacts with doctor and nurse were extremely important events in his life, but that the specific epoch reexeprienced did not stand out as a particularly meaningful (Chapman et al.). He had completely forgotten the specific episode. Feels like he is at white memorial hospital and is age 8 (Weingarten et al.) Episodic 21 M Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Unspecified Stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Amygdala Left AD Medial temporal Biphasic 10Hz - unspecified pulses Bipolar SEEG 15V-3mA Chapman, L. F., Walter, R. D., Markham, C. H., Rand, R. W., & Crandall, P. H. (1966). Memory changes induced by stimulation of hippocampus or amygdala in epilepsy patients with implanted electrodes. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 92, 50-56.

32 c Single case Chapman & Weingarten 1967 He reported he was reexperiencing an epoch from his own past. It concerned his entering a hospital in a small city where he had lived seven or eight years previously he stated that he could see the people and the places vividly and call recall their names. The episode concerned entering the hospital and greeting a nurse, the visual aspect dominated his spontaneous recall but other features such as sounds smells and emotions were said to be present. On restimulation on the sites the same experience was induced, the interviewer asked for details and the patient replied that he would be able to furnish details if the stimulus was repeated again. When the stimulus began again, he directed his attention to the details, sought and was able to describe them. The patient said that the hospital and his contacts with doctor and nurse were extremely important events in his life, but that the specific epoch reexeprienced did not stand out as a particularly meaningful. He had completely forgotten the specific episode. Feels like he is at white memorial hospital and is age 8, (Weingarten et al.) Episodic 21 M Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Unspecified Stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Amygdala Left AD Medial temporal Biphasic 10Hz - unspecified pulses Bipolar SEEG 15V-3mA Chapman, L. F., Walter, R. D., Markham, C. H., Rand, R. W., & Crandall, P. H. (1966). Memory changes induced by stimulation of hippocampus or amygdala in epilepsy patients with implanted electrodes. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 92, 50-56.

32 d Single case Chapman 1967 Fragments of a television commercial (these latter episodes were not experienced as though he were reliving an episode from the past although they were associated with feelings of familarity) Semantic 21 M Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Unspecified Stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left AD Biphasic 10Hz - unspecified pulses Bipolar SEEG 15V-3mA Chapman, L. F., Walter, R. D., Markham, C. H., Rand, R. W., & Crandall, P. H. (1966). Memory changes induced by stimulation of hippocampus or amygdala in epilepsy patients with implanted electrodes. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 92, 50-56.

32 e Single case Chapman 1967 A visual scene of rabbits playing together (these latter episodes were not experienced as though he were reliving an episode from the past although they were associated with feelings of familarity) Unclassifiable 21 M Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Unspecified Stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left AD Medial temporal Biphasic 10Hz - unspecified pulses Bipolar SEEG 15V-3mA Chapman, L. F., Walter, R. D., Markham, C. H., Rand, R. W., & Crandall, P. H. (1966). Memory changes induced by stimulation of hippocampus or amygdala in epilepsy patients with implanted electrodes. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 92, 50-56.

32 f Single case Chapman 1967 The rules of a chilhood game (these latter episodes were not experienced as though he were reliving an episode from the past although they were associated with feelings of familarity). Unclassifiable 21 M Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Unspecified Stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left AD Medial temporal Biphasic 10Hz - unspecified pulses Bipolar SEEG 15V-3mA Chapman, L. F., Walter, R. D., Markham, C. H., Rand, R. W., & Crandall, P. H. (1966). Memory changes induced by stimulation of hippocampus or amygdala in epilepsy patients with implanted electrodes. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 92, 50-56.

32 g Single case Chapman 1967 The feelings associated with falling into a deep hole when he was a child (these latter episodes were not experienced as though he were reliving an episode from the past although they were associated with feelings of familarity). Unclassifiable 21 M Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Unspecified Stare, automatism (sniffing, followed by lip smacking). None Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Middle temporal gyrus Left AD Medial temporal Biphasic 10Hz - unspecified pulses Bipolar SEEG 15V-3mA Chapman, L. F., Walter, R. D., Markham, C. H., Rand, R. W., & Crandall, P. H. (1966). Memory changes induced by stimulation of hippocampus or amygdala in epilepsy patients with implanted electrodes. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 92, 50-56.

33 a n Horowitz 1968/1970 My sons walking. Personal semantics Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Epilepsy Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Temporal but unspecified Unspecified Deep temporal lobe (but unspecified) Unspecified Unspecified Biphasic Unspecified (20-100 biphasic rectangular pulses, pulses 1ms). Bipolar SEEG Unspecified Horowitz, M.J., Adam, J.E., Rutkin, B.B. Visual imagery on brain stimulation (1968). Arch Gen Psychiatry; 19(4):469-86. Horowitz, M. J., & Adams, J. E. (1970). Hallucinations on brain stimulation: evidence for revision of the Penfield hypothesis. In Origin and mechanisms of hallucinations (pp. 13-22). Springer US.

34 a Unspecifi