• D.J. Brown, “The Puzzle of Names in Ockham’s Theory of Mental Language,” Review of Metaphysics 50 (1996), 79-99.

• E.W. Hagedorn, “Ockham’s Scientia Argument for Mental Language,” Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy 3 (2015), 145-68.

• M. Lenz, “Why is Thought Linguistic? Ockham’s Two Conceptions of the Intellect,” Vivarium 46 (2008), 302-17.

• C. Normore, “Ockham on Mental Language,” in J.C. Smith (ed.), Historical Foundations of Cognitive Science (Dordrecht: 1990), 53-70.

• C. Panaccio, “From Mental Word to Mental Language,” Philosophical Topics 20 (1992), 125-47.

• C. Panaccio, Mental Language: From Plato to Ockham, trans. J.P. Hochschild and M.K. Ziebart (New York: 2017).

• P.V. Spade, “Synonymy and Equivocation in Ockham’s Mental Language,” Jounral of the History of Philosophy 18 (1980), 9-22.

• P.V. Spade (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Ockham (Cambridge: 1999): the papers by Panaccio and Chalmers.

• J. Trentman, “Ockham on Mental,” Mind 79 (1970), 586-90.

• M. Yrjönsuuri, “Supposition and Truth in Ockham’s Mental Language,” Topoi 16 (1997), 15-25.