Event GET (hhh:mm:ss) GMT Time GMT Date

Terminal countdown started at T-28 hours. -028: 00:00 05:00:00 10 Apr 1970

Scheduled 9-hour 13-minute hold at T-9 hours. -009: 00:00 00:00:00 11 Apr 1970

Countdown resumed at T-9 hours. -009: 00:00 09:13:00 11 Apr 1970

Scheduled 1-hour hold at T-3 hours 30 minutes. -003:30:00 14:43:00 11 Apr 1970

Countdown resumed at T-3 hours 30 minutes. -003:30:00 15:43:00 11 Apr 1970

Guidance reference release. -000:00:16.961 19:12:43 11 Apr 1970

S-IC engine start command. -000:00:08.9 19:12:51 11 Apr 1970

S-IC engine ignition (#5). -000:00:06.7 19:12:53 11 Apr 1970

All S-IC engines thrust OK. -000:00:01.4 19:12:58 11 Apr 1970

Range zero. 000:00:00.00 19:13:00 11 Apr 1970

All holddown arms released (1st motion) (1.06 g). 000:00:00.3 19:13:00 11 Apr 1970

Liftoff (umbilical disconnected). 000:00:00.61 19:13:00 11 Apr 1970

Tower clearance yaw maneuver started. 000:00:02.3 19:13:02 11 Apr 1970

Yaw maneuver ended. 000:00:10.0 19:13:10 11 Apr 1970

Pitch and roll maneuver started. 000:00:12.6 19:13:12 11 Apr 1970

Roll maneuver ended. 000:00:32.1 19:13:32 11 Apr 1970

Mach 1 achieved. 000:01:08.4 19:14:08 11 Apr 1970

Maximum bending moment achieved (69,000,000 lbf-in). 000: 01:16 19:14:16 11 Apr 1970

Maximum dynamic pressure (651.63 lb/ft2). 000:01:21.3 19:14:21 11 Apr 1970

S-IC center engine cutoff command. 000:02:15.18 19:15:15 11 Apr 1970

Pitch maneuver ended. 000:02:43.3 19:15:43 11 Apr 1970

S-IC outboard engine cutoff. 000:02:43.60 19:15:43 11 Apr 1970

S-IC maximum total inertial acceleration (3.83 g). 000:02:43.70 19:15:43 11 Apr 1970

S-IC maximum Earth-fixed velocity. 000:02:44.10 19:15:44 11 Apr 1970

S-IC/S-II separation command. 000:02:44.3 19:15:44 11 Apr 1970

S-II engine start command. 000:02:45.0 19:15:45 11 Apr 1970

S-II ignition. 000:02:46.0 19:15:46 11 Apr 1970

S-II aft interstage jettisoned. 000:03:14.3 19:16:14 11 Apr 1970

Launch escape tower jettisoned. 000:03:21.0 19:16:21 11 Apr 1970

Iterative guidance mode initiated. 000:03:24.5 19:16:24 11 Apr 1970

S-IC apex. 000:04:31.7 19:17:31 11 Apr 1970

S-II center (or "inboard") engine cutoff (S-II engine #5 cutoff 132.36 seconds early). 000:05:30.64 19:18:30 11 Apr 1970

CMP (Swigert): "Inboard." 000: 05:32 19:20 11 Apr 1970

CAPCOM (Joe Kerwin): "We confirm inboard out." 000: 05:36 19:24 11 Apr 1970

CDR (Lovell): "That shouldn't have happened." 000: 05:38 19:26 11 Apr 1970

CMP: "No, that's 7:42 . That's two minutes early." Swigert meant that engine cutoff should have occurred at 7 minutes 42 seconds into the flight, not 5 minutes 30 seconds. 000: 05:40 19:28 11 Apr 1970

S-II command to complete CECO. 000:07:42.6 19:20:42 11 Apr 1970

S-II maximum total inertial acceleration (1.66 g). 000:08:57.00 19:21:57 11 Apr 1970

S-IC impact (theoretical). 000:09:06.9 19:22:06 11 Apr 1970

S-II outboard engine cutoff (34.53 seconds later than planned). 000:09:52.64 19:22:52 11 Apr 1970

S-II maximum Earth-fixed velocity; S-II/S-IVB separation command. 000:09:53.50 19:22:53 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB 1st burn start command. 000:09:53.60 19:22:53 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB 1st burn ignition. 000:09:56.90 19:22:56 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB ullage case jettisoned. 000:10:05.4 19:23:05 11 Apr 1970

S-II apex. 000:10:32.2 19:23:32 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB 1st burn cutoff (9 seconds later than planned). 000:12:29.83 19:25:29 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB 1st burn maximum total inertial acceleration (0.58 g). 000:12:30.00 19:25:30 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB 1st burn maximum Earth-fixed velocity. 000:12:30.50 19:25:30 11 Apr 1970

Earth orbit insertion. 000:12:39.83 19:25:39 11 Apr 1970

Maneuver to local horizontal attitude started. 000:12:50.1 19:25:50 11 Apr 1970

Orbital navigation started. 000:14:10.4 19:27:10 11 Apr 1970

S-II impact (theoretical). 000:20:58.1 19:33:58 11 Apr 1970

TV transmission started. 001:37 20:50 11 Apr 1970

TV transmission ended. 001:43 20:56 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB 2nd burn restart preparation. 002:26:08.10 21:39:08 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB 2nd burn restart command. 002:35:38.10 21:48:38 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB 2nd burn ignition. 002:35:46.30 21:48:46 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB 2nd burn cutoff. 002:41:37.15 21:54:37 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB 2nd burn maximum total inertial acceleration (1.44 g). 002:41:37.23 21:54:37 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB 2nd burn maximum Earth-fixed velocity. 002:41:37.80 21:54:37 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB safing procedures started. 002:41:37.9 21:54:37 11 Apr 1970

Translunar injection. 002:41:47.15 21:54:47 11 Apr 1970

Maneuver to local horizontal attitude and orbital navigation started. 002:44:08 21:57:08 11 Apr 1970

Maneuver to transposition and docking attitude started. 002:56:38.3 22:09:38 11 Apr 1970

CSM separated from S-IVB. 003:06:38.9 22:19:38 11 Apr 1970

TV transmission started. 003:09 22:22 11 Apr 1970

CSM docked with LM/S-IVB. 003:19:08.8 22:32:08 11 Apr 1970

CSM/LM ejected from S-IVB. 004:01:00.8 23:14:00 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB maneuver to evasive APS burn attitude. 004: 09:00 23:22:00 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB APS evasive maneuver ignition. 004:18:00.6 23:31:00 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB APS evasive maneuver cutoff. 004:19:20.8 23:32:20 11 Apr 1970

TV transmission ended. 004:20 23:33 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB maneuver to LOX dump attitude initiated. 004:27:40.0 23:40:40 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB lunar impact maneuver - CVS vent opened. 004:34:39.4 23:47:39 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB lunar impact maneuver - LOX dump started. 004:39:19.4 23:52:19 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB lunar impact maneuver - CVS vent opened. 004:39:39.4 23:52:39 11 Apr 1970

S-IVB lunar impact maneuver - LOX dump ended. 004:40:07.4 23:53:07 11 Apr 1970

Maneuver to attitude for final S-IVB APS burn initiated. 005:48:07.8 01:01:07 12 Apr 1970

S-IVB lunar impact maneuver - APS ignition. 005:59:59.5 01:12:59 12 Apr 1970

S-IVB lunar impact maneuver - APS cutoff. 006:03:36.7 01:16:36 12 Apr 1970

Earth weather photography started. 007: 17:14 02:30:14 12 Apr 1970

Unsuccessful passive thermal control attempt. 007:43:02 02:56:02 12 Apr 1970

Earth weather photography ended. 011: 17:19 06:30:19 12 Apr 1970

2nd S-IVB transposition maneuver (unplanned) initiated by launch vehicle digital computer. 013:42:33 08:55:33 12 Apr 1970

Unplanned S-IVB velocity increase of 5 feet per second which altered lunar impact trajectory closer to target point. 019:29:10 14:42:10 12 Apr 1970

TV transmission started. 030:13 01:26 13 Apr 1970

Midcourse correction ignition (SPS) - transfer to hybrid non-free return trajectory. 030:40:49.65 01:53:49 13 Apr 1970

Midcourse correction cutoff. 030:40:53.14 01:53:53 13 Apr 1970

TV transmission ended. 031:02 02:15 13 Apr 1970

Photography of Comet Bennett. 031:50 03:03 13 Apr 1970

Unsuccessful passive thermal control attempt. 032:21:49 03:34:49 13 Apr 1970

Crew turned on fans in oxygen tank #2 (routine procedure). 046:40:02 17:15 13 Apr 1970

Cryogenic oxygen tank #2 quantity gauge indicated "off-scale high," of over 100% (probably due to short circuit). First indication of a problem. 046:40:05 17:18:05 13 Apr 1970

Cryogenic oxygen tank #2 quantity probe short circuited. 046:40:08 17:21:08 13 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 fans turned on again with no apparent adverse affects. Quantity gauge continued to read "off-scale high." 047:54:50 19:03:50 13 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 fans turned on again with no apparent adverse affects. Quantity gauge continued to read "off-scale high." 051:07:44 22:57:44 13 Apr 1970

CDR and LMP cleared to enter the LM to commence inflight inspection. 053:27 00:40 14 Apr 1970

LMP entered LM. 054:20 01:33 14 Apr 1970

CDR entered LM. 054:25 01:38 14 Apr 1970

LM system checks. 054:40 01:53 14 Apr 1970

TV transmission started. 055:14 02:27 14 Apr 1970

CDR and LMP entered LM. 055:30 02:43 14 Apr 1970

TV transmission ended. 055:46:30 02:59:30 14 Apr 1970

Tunnel hatch closed. 055:50 03:03 14 Apr 1970

Master caution and warning triggered by low hydrogen pressure in tank #1. Alarm turned off after 4 seconds. 055:52:31 03:05:31 14 Apr 1970

CAPCOM (Jack Lousma): "13, we've got one more item for you, when you get a chance. We'd like you to stir up your cryo tanks. In addition, I have shaft and trunnion..." 055:52:58 03:05:58 14 Apr 1970

CMP (Swigert): "Okay." 055:53:06 03:06:06 14 Apr 1970

CAPCOM: "...for looking at the Comet Bennett, if you need it." 055:53:07 03:06:07 14 Apr 1970

CMP: "Okay. Stand by." 055:53:12 03:06:12 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #1 fans on. 055:53:18 03:06:18 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #1 pressure decreased 8 psi due to normal destratification. Spacecraft current increased by 1 ampere. 055:53:19 03:06:19 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 fans on. Stabilization control system electrical disturbance indicated a power transient. 055:53:20 03:06:20 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 pressured decreased 4 psi. 055:53:21 03:06:21 14 Apr 1970

Electrical short in tank #2 (stabilization control system electrical disturbance indicated a power transient.) 055:53:22.718 03:06:22 14 Apr 1970

1.2-volt decrease in AC bus #2 voltage. 055:53:22.757 03:06:22 14 Apr 1970

11.1 ampere “spike” recorded in fuel cell #3 current followed by drop in current and rise in voltage typical of removal of power from one fan motor, indicating opening of motor circuit. 055:53:22.772 03:06:22 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 pressure started to rise for 24 seconds. 055:53:36 03:06:36 14 Apr 1970

11-volt decrease in AC bus #2 voltage for one sample. 055:53:38.057 03:06:38 14 Apr 1970

Stabilization control system electrical disturbance indicated a power transient. 055:53:38.085 03:06:38 14 Apr 1970

22.9-ampere “spike” recorded in fuel cell #3 current, followed by drop in current and rising voltage typical of one fan motor, indicating opening of another motor circuit. 055:53:41.172 03:06:41 14 Apr 1970

Stabilization control system electrical disturbance indicated a power transient. 055:53:41.192 03:06:41 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 pressure rise ended at a pressure of 953.8 psia. 055:54:00 03:07:00 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 pressure started to rise again. 055:54:15 03:07:15 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 quantity dropped from full scale (to which it had failed at 046:40) for two seconds and then read 75.3% full. This indicated the gauge short circuit may have corrected itself. 055:54:30 03:07:30 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 temperature started to rise rapidly. 055:54:31 03:07:31 14 Apr 1970

Flow rate of oxygen to all three fuel cells started to decrease. 055:54:43 03:07:43 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 pressure reached maximum value of 1,008.3 psia. 055:54:45 03:07:45 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 temperature rises 40 °F for one sample (invalid reading) 055:54:48 03:07:48 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 quantity jumped to off-scale high and then started to drop until the time of telemetry loss, indicating a failed sensor. 055:54:51 03:07:51 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 temperature read -151.3 °F. Last valid indication. 055:54:52 03:07:52 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 temperature suddenly went off-scale low, indicating a failed sensor. 055:54:52.703 03:07:52 14 Apr 1970

Last telemetered pressure from oxygen tank #2 before telemetry loss was 995.7 psia. 055:54:52.763 03:07:52 14 Apr 1970

Sudden accelerometer activity on X, Y, and Z axes. 055:54:53.182 03:07:53 14 Apr 1970

Body-mounted roll, pitch, and yaw rate gyros showed low-level activity for 1/4 second. 055:54:53.220 03:07:53 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #1 pressure dropped 4.2 psi. 055:54:53.323 03:07:53 14 Apr 1970

2.8-amp rise in total fuel cell current. 055:54:53.5 03:07:53 14 Apr 1970

X, Y, and Z accelerations in CM indicate 1.17 g, 0.65 g, and 0.65 g. 055:54:53.542 03:07:53 14 Apr 1970

Telemetry loss for 1.8 seconds. Master caution and warning triggered by DC main bus B undervoltage. Alarm turned off in 6 seconds. Indications were that the cryogenic oxygen tank #2 lost pressure during this time period and the panel separated. It was at this time that the crew heard a loud bang. 055:54:53.555 03:07:53 14 Apr 1970

Nitrogen pressure in fuel cell #1 went off-scale low indicating a failed sensor. 055:54:54.741 03:07:54 14 Apr 1970

Telemetry recovered. 055:54:55.35 03:07:55 14 Apr 1970

Service propulsion system engine valve body temperature started a rise of 1.65 °F in 7 seconds. DC main bus A decreased 0.9 volt to 28.5 volts and DC main bus B decreased 0.9 volt to 29.0 volts. Total fuel cell current was 15 amps higher than the final value before telemetry loss. High current continued for 19 seconds. Oxygen tank #2 temperature read off-scale high after telemetry recovery, probably indicating failed sensors. Oxygen tank #2 pressure read off-scale low following telemetry recovery, indicating a broken supply line, a tank pressure below 19 psia, or a failed sensor. Oxygen tank #1 pressure read 781.9 psia and started to drop steadily. Pressure dropped over a period of 130 minutes to the point at which it was insufficient to sustain operation of fuel cell #2. 055:54:56 03:07:56 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 quantity read off-scale high following telemetry recovery indicating a failed sensor. 055:54:57 03:07:57 14 Apr 1970

The reaction control system helium tank C temperature began a 1.66 °F increase in 36 seconds. 055:54:59 03:07:59 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen flow rates to fuel cells #1 and #3 approached zero after decreasing for 7 seconds. 055:55:01 03:08:01 14 Apr 1970

Surface temperature of SM oxidizer tank in bay #3 started a 3.8 °F increase in a 15-second period. Service propulsion system helium tank temperature started a 3.8 °F increase in a 32-second period. 055:55:02 03:08:02 14 Apr 1970

DC main bus A voltage recovered to 29.0 volts. DC main bus B recovered to 28.8. 055:55:09 03:08:09 14 Apr 1970

CMP: "Okay, Houston , we've had a problem here." 055:55:20 03:08:20 14 Apr 1970

CAPCOM: "This is Houston . Say again, please." 055:55:28 03:08:28 14 Apr 1970

CDR: " Houston , we've had a problem. We've had a main B bus undervolt." 055:55:35 03:08:35 14 Apr 1970

CAPCOM: "Roger. Main B bus undervolt." 055:55:42 03:08:42 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 temperature started steady drop lasting 59 seconds, indicating a failed sensor. 055:55:49 03:08:49 14 Apr 1970

LMP (Haise): "Okay. Right now, Houston , the voltage is - is looking good. And we had a pretty large bang associated with the caution and warning there. And as I recall, main B was the one that had an amp spike on it once before." 055:56:10 03:09:10 14 Apr 1970

CAPCOM: "Roger, Fred." 055:56:30 03:09:30 14 Apr 1970

Oxygen tank #2 quantity became erratic for 69 seconds before assuming an off-scale-low state, indicating a failed sensor. 055:56:38 03:09:38 14 Apr 1970

LMP: "In the interim here, we're starting to go ahead and button up the tunnel again." 055:56:54 03:09:54 14 Apr 1970

LMP: "That jolt must have rocked the sensor on - see now – O 2 oxygen quantity 2. It was oscillating down around 20 to 60 percent. Now it's full-scale high." 055:57:04 03:10:04 14 Apr 1970

Master caution and warning triggered by DC main bus B undervoltage. Alarm was turned off in six seconds. 055:57:39 03:10:39 14 Apr 1970

DC main bus B dropped below 26.25 volts and continued to fall rapidly. 055:57:40 03:10:40 14 Apr 1970

CDR: "Okay. And we're looking at our service module RCS helium 1. We have – B is barber poled and D is barber poled, helium 2, D is barber pole, and secondary propellants, I have A and C barber pole." AC bus fails within two seconds. 055:57:44 03:10:44 14 Apr 1970

Fuel cell #3 failed. 055:57:45 03:10:45 14 Apr 1970

Fuel cell current started to decrease. 055:57:59 03:10:59 14 Apr 1970

Master caution and warning caused by AC bus #2 being reset. 055:58:02 03:11:02 14 Apr 1970

Master caution and warning triggered by DC main bus A undervoltage. 055:58:06 03:11:06 14 Apr 1970

DC main bus A dropped below 26.25 volts and in the next few seconds leveled off at 25.5 volts. 055:58:07 03:11:07 14 Apr 1970

LMP: "AC #2 is showing zip." 055:58:07 03:11:07 14 Apr 1970

LMP: "Yes, we got a main bus A undervolt now, too, showing. It's reading about 25 and a half. Main B is reading zip right now." 055:58:25 03:11:25 14 Apr 1970

Master caution and warning triggered by high hydrogen flow rate to fuel cell #2. 056:00:06 03:13:06 14 Apr 1970

CDR: "...It looks to me, looking out the hatch, that we are venting something. We are venting something out into the - into space." 056:09:07 03:22:07 14 Apr 1970

LMP reported fuel cell #1 off line. 056:09:58 03:22:58 14 Apr 1970

Emergency power-down. 056:33:49 03:46:49 14 Apr 1970

LMP reported fuel cell #3 off line. 056:34:46 03:47:46 14 Apr 1970

CDR and LMP entered LM. 057:43 04:56 14 Apr 1970

Shutdown of fuel cell #2. 058:00 05:13 14 Apr 1970

CM computer and platform powered down. 058:10 05:23 14 Apr 1970

CSM systems powered down. LM systems powered up. 058:40 05:53:00 14 Apr 1970

Midcourse correction ignition to free-return trajectory (LM DPS). 061:29:43.49 08:42:43 14 Apr 1970

Midcourse correction cutoff. 061:30:17.72 08:43:17 14 Apr 1970

LM systems powered down. 062:50 10:03 14 Apr 1970

Lunar occultation entered. 077:08:35 00:21:35 15 Apr 1970

Lunar occultation exited. 077:33:10 00:46:10 15 Apr 1970

S-IVB impact on lunar surface. 077:56:40.0 01:09:40 15 Apr 1970

LM systems powered up. 078:00 01:13 15 Apr 1970

Abort guidance system to primary guidance system aligned. 078:10 01:23 15 Apr 1970

Transearth injection ignition (LM DPS). 079:27:38.95 02:40:39 15 Apr 1970

Transearth injection cutoff. 079:32:02.77 02:45:02 15 Apr 1970

LM systems powered down. 082:10 05:23 15 Apr 1970

Apparent short-circuit in LM electrical system, accompanied by a “thump" in vicinity of descent stage and observation of venting for several minutes in area of LM descent batteries #1 and #2. 097:13:53 20:26:53 15 Apr 1970

LM configured for midcourse correction. 100:00 23:13 15 Apr 1970

CSM power configuration for telemetry established. 101:20 00:33 16 Apr 1970

CM powered up. 101:53 01:06 16 Apr 1970

LM systems powered up. 104:50 04:03 16 Apr 1970

Midcourse correction ignition (LM DPS). 105:18:28.0 04:31:28 16 Apr 1970

Midcourse correction cutoff. 105:18:42.0 04:31:42 16 Apr 1970

Passive thermal control started. 105:20 04:33 16 Apr 1970

LM systems powered down. 105:50 05:03 16 Apr 1970

LM power transferred to CSM. 112:05 11:18 16 Apr 1970

Battery A charge initiated. 112:20 11:33 16 Apr 1970

Battery A charge terminated. Battery B charge initiated. 126:10 01:23 17 Apr 1970

Battery B charge terminated. 128:10 03:23 17 Apr 1970

LM systems powered up. 133:35 08:48 17 Apr 1970

Platform aligned. 134:40 09:53 17 Apr 1970

Preparation for midcourse correction. 136:30 11:43 17 Apr 1970

Midcourse correction ignition (LM RCS). 137:39:51.5 12:52:51 17 Apr 1970

Midcourse correction cutoff. 137:40:13.0 12:53:13 17 Apr 1970

SM separation. 138:01:48.0 13:14:48 17 Apr 1970

SM photographed. 138:15 13:28 17 Apr 1970

CM powered up. 140:10 15:23 17 Apr 1970

Platform aligned. 140:40 15:53 17 Apr 1970

LM maneuvered to undocking attitude. 140:50 16:03 17 Apr 1970

LM jettisoned. 141:30:00.2 16:43:00 17 Apr 1970

Entry. 142:40:45.7 17:53:45 17 Apr 1970

S-band contact with CM established by recovery aircraft. 142:48 18:01 17 Apr 1970

Visual contact with CM established by recovery helicopters. 142:49 18:02 17 Apr 1970

Visual contact with CM established by recovery ship. Voice contact with CM established by recovery helicopters. 142:50 18:03 17 Apr 1970

Splashdown (went to apex-up). 142:54:41 18:07:41 17 Apr 1970

Swimmers deployed to retrieve main parachutes. 142:56 18:09 17 Apr 1970

1st swimmer deployed to CM. 143:03 18:16 17 Apr 1970

Flotation collar inflated. 143:11 18:24 17 Apr 1970

Life preserver unit delivered to lead swimmer. 143:18 18:31 17 Apr 1970

CM hatch opened for crew egress. 143:19 18:32 17 Apr 1970

Crew egress. 143:22 18:35 17 Apr 1970

Crew aboard recovery helicopter. 143:29 18:42 17 Apr 1970

Crew aboard recovery ship. 143:40 18:53 17 Apr 1970

CM aboard recovery ship. 144:23 19:36 17 Apr 1970

Crew departed recovery ship for Samoa and then Hawaii . 167:07 18:20 18 Apr 1970

Crew arrived in Hawaii . 199:22 02:35 19 Apr 1970

Crew arrived at Ellington AFB, Houston , TX . 224:17 03:30 20 Apr 1970

Recovery ship arrived in Hawaii . 312:17 19:30 24 Apr 1970

Safing of CM pyrotechnics completed. 343:22 02:35 26 Apr 1970

Deactivation of fuel and oxidizer completed. 360:15 19:28 26 Apr 1970