Radical change is sweeping the globe. New technology is turning science fiction into reality, improving quality of life for some and leaving others behind. The #MeToo movement has rocked workplaces and forced us to rethink interactions between men and women. And consumers are rejecting everything from hamburgers to housecleaning products that don’t tell a story about their provenance. What’s next?

At The Future of Everything Festival, which starts Tuesday, leading thinkers and top Wall Street Journal editors will grapple with...