A space capsule designed to carry US astronauts back to the moon in five years’ time is ready, vice-president Mike Pence has revealed on the 50th anniversary of the historic Apollo 11 landing.

NASA’s new Artemis lunar operation is aimed at returning humans to Earth's satellite, following in the footsteps of Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin in 1969 – but this time to set up camp, rather than just pay a flying visit.

The new mission, scheduled for 2024, is itself designed as a springboard for a subsequent crewed spaceship to be sent to Mars for the first time.

NASA said in a statement that Artemis 1 would launch its Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System (SLS) rocket around the moon in an initial test phase, after which a crew containing at least one female astronaut would touch down on the surface to establish a lunar base.

“Thanks to the hard work of the men and women of NASA, and of American industry, the Orion crew vehicle for the Artemis 1 mission is complete and ready to begin preparations for its historic first flight,” Vice-President Pence told the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Show all 19 1 /19 Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Buzz Aldrin walks on the moon in an image taken by Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Wernher von Braun in front of the Saturn V rocket, being readied for the lunar mission, in Cape Canaveral on 10 July 1969. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos The Saturn V rocket carries the Apollo 11 into space on 16 July 1969. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos The crew (from left): Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos The launch control centre watches the rocket take off on 16 July 1969. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos The American flag flutters as the Apollo 11 heads into space. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos The interior of the landing module with its pilot, Buzz Aldrin, during the mission. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Earthrise viewed from the lunar landing module. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Flight controllers at the Space Centre in Houston as the landing module descends to the surface of the moon. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos The landing module in lunar orbit on 20 July 1969. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Buzz Aldrin's boot and footprint in lunar soil. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Buzz Aldrin standing by the US flag planted on the surface of the moon. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Crater 308 on the moon. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Buzz Aldrin’s boot print in the moon’s dust. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Aldrin deploys the passive seismic experiment package. To the left of the US flag in the background is the lunar surface television camera. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Buzz Aldrin stands next to a lunar seismometer. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Neil Armstrong works near the lunar landing module. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos Members of the Apollo 11 crew wait to be picked up by a helicopter from the USS Hornet on 24 July 1969. Nasa/EPA Apollo 11 mission: Historic first moon landing in photos US president Richard Nixon welcomes the Apollo 11 astronauts, confined to a mobile quarantine facility, aboard the USS Hornet. Nasa/EPA

NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine, standing alongside Mr Pence with Aldrin and Armstrong’s son Rick, said: “Similar to the 1960s, we too have an opportunity to take a giant leap forward for all of humanity.

“NASA is calling this the Artemis program in honour of Apollo’s twin sister in Greek mythology, the goddess of the moon. And we are well on our way to getting this done.”

A module manufactured by Airbus in Bremen, Germany, that will power Orion during the mission, is in the process of being attached ready for a September flight to test its spaceworthiness.

Mr Pence announced in March that NASA should return astronauts to the moon by 2024, halving the agency’s previous deadline to get there by 2028, and requested an extra $1.6bn funding from Congress.

However, President Donald Trump on Friday indicated he was not interested in a mission going back to the moon.

Mr Trump instead repeated his interest in a NASA mission that would take astronauts directly to Mars, a vastly more challenging and costly endeavour.

“To get to Mars, you have to land on the moon, they say. Any way of going directly without landing on the moon? Is that a possibility?” the president asked Mr Bridenstine during an event in the Oval Office.

Mr Bridenstine responded: ”Well, we need to use the moon as a proving ground, because when we go to Mars, we’re going to have to be there for a long period of time, so we need to learn how to live and work on another world.”

The Artemis program’s objective is to conduct a series of manned and unmanned missions to the moon, using its surface as a proving ground for technologies that could lay the groundwork for the longer and more complex missions to Mars as soon as 2033, Mr Bridenstine has said.