The main difference between the two is that the Vancouver cops said they borrowed their device from Canada's equivalent to the FBI, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Edmonton's police service, however, actually owns a Stingray, which could cost anywhere from tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars per unit.

As Micheal Vonn, the policy director of BC Civil Liberties Association, told Motherboard: "We have to assume, having made this investment, that they've used it more than once." Vonn's non-profit org thought only the RCMP owns Stingrays in the country, which they then loan to local law enforcement. That's clearly not the case.

Stingrays mimic cell towers to force all phones in an area to connect to it. The device can then obtain identifying information from phones and SIM cards, as well as people's locations and carriers. Newer models can even intercept and record voice calls and texts. Stingray has many critics, because you can't program it to target only persons of interest or suspects -- it gathers info from everyone in an area, even those who have nothing to do with the case under investigation.