Mein Kampf hits stores in tense Germany By Damien McGuinness

Berlin correspondent Published duration 8 January 2016

image copyright Reuters

It's one of the most talked about publications of the year. It's not a new book. And it's not even a well-written book. But Mein Kampf, by Adolf Hitler, which hits German bookshops for the first time in 70 years on Friday, is certainly attracting attention.

Hitler's anti-Semitic tirade is seen as the forerunner to the Holocaust. But that is also why historians want it republished.

Hitler wrote it mostly while in prison in the mid-1920s, and academics say it helps explain the Nazis' crazed ideology when they came to power less than a decade later.

As such, they say, it's a crucial academic text. Not pleasant reading, but essential to understanding the Holocaust and Hitler's brutal rule.

Surprisingly, some Jewish groups have also supported this edition.

This is an annotated, critical version, with thousands of academic notes.

And without this republication, the only hard copies available in Germany would be the pre-1945 Nazi editions, still found in second-hand bookshops or online. Those are certainly not critical.

The idea is that republishing Mein Kampf will help undermine it.

media caption Mein Kampf was reprinted in German this year for the first time since the fall of Hitler

Until now, the copyright has been in the hands of the Bavarian government. But because 70 years have now passed since the the death of the author - in this case, Adolf Hitler - that copyright has expired.

Ban counter-productive

Germany could ban it. After all, the swastika and other Nazi symbols are outlawed here, under incitement-to-violence laws.

Germans see that not as an infringement of free speech, but as a way of guaranteeing it, by not allowing fascist groups to intimidate minorities.

But the problem with banning Mein Kampf is that this could simply increase its power.

It would fuel the neo-Nazi propaganda that claims that modern Germany stamps out dissent from far-right groups.

image caption Hitler spelled out his world view in Mein Kampf

There is also a feeling that outlawing the book would simply add to its mystique. Much better to destroy the myth, is the hope.

Actually reading it, rather than regarding the book as dangerous and seductive, takes away any power from a text that is clearly nothing more than an incoherent and badly written rant.

So, using incitement laws, Germany's authorities have decided to restrict publication: an annotated, academic edition will be allowed - but not other uncritical editions.

But Germans are still distinctly uncomfortable with the idea that they might suddenly start seeing the Fuehrer's face adorning shop windows, not to mention the moral issue of making a profit out of an anti-Semitic text written by Hitler.

That is why some bookshops have said they will not stock the book. And they are certainly not displaying it.

The biggest bookshop in Berlin, Dussmann, told us that they have one copy available on shelves in the history section.

But the store will not advertise it in any way. And more copies will only be available on order.

Clearly any short-term business opportunity that might come from the media buzz would be more than undermined by the bad press a bookshop would get if sales were boosted thanks to Hitler.

Changing attitudes

But over the past few years, attitudes towards Hitler have changed.

I remember the media furore 10 years ago when Swiss-born actor Bruno Ganz played Hitler in the film Downfall.

image copyright Getty Images image caption Bruno Ganz played Hitler in the film Downfall

There were nationwide debates about whether audiences would sympathise with Hitler as he met his end in the bunker.

Last Autumn, it was a comedy about Hitler that went straight to the top of the box office chart. There were the same debates.

But this time round, they felt more like debates the media was having with itself, rather than anything people were actually talking about.

Possibly, that is because over the past decade there have been plenty of comedies showing Hitler as ridiculous.

And for many young Germans, whose grandparents may have been born after Hitler died, the idea that they are guilty seems odd.

Mein Kampf:

Mein Kampf (My Struggle) was originally printed in 1925 - eight years before Hitler came to power

It outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany, including Lebensraum, the need to colonise neighbouring territory to allow Germany to achieve its full potential

The book was edited by Hitler's deputy, Rudolf Hess

After Nazi Germany was defeated in 1945, the Allied forces handed the copyright to the book to the state of Bavaria

The local authorities have refused to allow the book to be reprinted, to prevent incitement of hatred

Under German law, copyright lasts for 70 years, so publishers will be able to have free access to the original text from this month

German officials have said they will limit public access to the text amid fears that this could stir neo-Nazi sentiment

But Nazi guilt still very much informs German political culture today - even in the current refugee crisis.

After 1945, Germany's constitution was set up as a reaction against Hitler's brutal treatment of political opponents.

Which is why Article 16a stipulates that anyone fleeing political oppression has a right to asylum in Germany.

image copyright EPA image caption Chancellor Merkel has come under intense pressure over her policy on welcoming migrants

Closing the door to refugees, Chancellor Angela Merkel has argued, would mean changing the country's constitution

The shadow of the Nazis is also why the current debate over the sexual harassment of more than 100 women in Cologne on New Year's Eve is particularly difficult.

The attackers appeared to be of Arabic or North African origin.

For far-right extremists, this is an ideal opportunity to enflame xenophobia using an old Nazi trope: the pure German woman abused by the "foreigner."

In the 1930s, for Nazis, it was the Jew. Today, for neo-Nazis, that "foreigner" is the Muslim.