Investors hope the deal will prop up the US housing market. Global shares have rallied after the US government said it was taking over troubled mortgage lenders Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Investors hoped the largest bail-out in US history would prop up the country's housing market and ultimately help to end the credit crunch, analysts said. On Wall Street, major shares added 2.58% in trading while key European and Asian indexes were up by at least 2%. President Bush said the firms had posed "an unacceptable risk" to the economy. Solvency bid In a dramatic move, US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson announced the rescue plan on Sunday, before markets opened. FREDDIE MAC & FANNIE MAE The two firms: Buy mortgages from approved lenders and then sell them on to investors - rather than lending directly to borrowers Guarantee or own about half of the $12 trillion US mortgage market Are relied on by almost all US mortgage lenders Are looked to for funds to meet consumer demand for mortgages Link mortgage lenders with investors - keeping the supply of money widely available and at a lower cost Have no direct UK equivalent

Q&A: Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae The importance of Freddie and Fannie Between them Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae finance or guarantee nearly half of the outstanding mortgages in the US, and have lost billions of dollars during the US housing crash. Much of their bond debt was ultimately held by Asian banks, who had recently begun withdrawing their investment. The most recent figures show that about 9% of US mortgage holders were behind on their payments or faced repossession. The rescue could cost the Federal government $200bn (£100bn) as it invests fresh capital into the stricken mortgage giants to keep them solvent. But a collapse of the two lenders would have frozen US mortgage lending for years, and would likely have lead to even steeper declines in house prices. According to one widely-reported index, US house prices are falling at an annual rate of more than 15% in major metropolitan areas, putting many people in negative equity. Shares rally The rescue plan reassured investors worldwide who feared that a collapse of the government-sponsored enterprises could have a ripple effect on financial markets, with further losses by major banks leading to yet further cutbacks in credit and lending. FROM THE TODAY PROGRAMME Please turn on JavaScript. Media requires JavaScript to play.

More from Today programme On Wall Street, the Dow Jones added 2.58% in afternoon trading - a welcome rally after it lost 4% last week. Meanwhile in London, FTSE 100 index was 3.92% ahead at close after a technical glitch had brought trading to a halt for much of a day. It had lost 7% last week - its worst showing in more than six years. UK banking stocks had been buoyed by the news from the US, some adding as much as 15%. House builders also gained on hopes that the move could signal a turnaround in the sector. Germany's Dax-30 index was 2.22% ahead at close and France's Cac-40 added 3.42%. Meanwhile Japan's Nikkei index closed up 3.4%, while the Hang Seng index added 4%. Please turn on JavaScript. Media requires JavaScript to play. And key indexes in Singapore, Australia and Taiwan were also higher. On Wall Street, where the Dow Jones index shed 4% across the previous five sessions, there have been positive signs. The effective government takeover will lead to major changes in how the two mortgage giants are run. As part of the changes, the management of the two companies will be replaced while the firms will be given access to extra funding to support their business going forward. HAVE YOUR SAY I have lost both faith and trust in banks Keith Ridgers, Cobham Mr Paulson said the government was intervening in the wider interests of the financial system and of taxpayers since the financial position of the two firms was fast deteriorating. The move is intended to keep the two companies afloat, amid fears that either could go bankrupt as borrowers default on their home loans. Together, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae own or guarantee about $5.3 trillion (£3 trillion) of mortgages. But they have made a combined loss of about $14bn in the past year and officials were worried that they would no longer be able to continue functioning if such losses continued. Banks around the world are highly exposed to the two companies and therefore, given the febrile state of markets across the world, it had become dangerous for doubts to persist about whether they were viable and would be able to keep up the payments on their massive liabilities, says the BBC's business editor Robert Peston. A rescue plan passed by Congress in July gave the US government the authority to offer unlimited liquidity to the two companies, and to buy their shares, in order to keep them afloat.



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