Here's what you need to know, whether you're getting a firearm certificate for the first time, renewing an existing certificate or want a coterminous certificate for both shotguns and firearms

Who needs to get a firearm certificate?

If you own a rifle or an air rifle over 12 feet pounds muzzle energy you need to have a firearm certificate (FAC).

If you already have a shotgun certificate then it’s a good idea to apply for a “coterminous” certificate. Police forces and shooters are keen on these; you have one end date for both your shotgun and rifle licences, the amount of paperwork is minimised and the combined certificate costs less than paying separately.

A firearms certificate is valid for five years. It costs £88 for the grant and £62 for a renewal.

Read the Home Office guide on firearms licensing law here.

Before applying

Get authority to shoot on at least one piece of ground with your rifle(s). You will need to provide details of this so it is a good idea to get this sorted up front.

Where to apply

You get a firearm certificate by applying to the police authority local to you. Here’s a list of police forces in the UK with links.

At the time of writing, the following police forces were offering an online service to help you get a firearms certificate.

Avon & Somerset Police

Hampshire Police

Lincolnshire Police

North Yorkshire Police

Thames Valley Police

Firearms certificate application form

You can download and complete a firearms Form 201 application form here.

BASC says: “Firearm and shotgun licensing is often complex and confusing, so when you are completing the forms – or even thinking about taking up shooting – it’s worth contacting your shooting organisation for help and guidance; after all that’s what you pay them for.”

What you have to include on the application form

You’ll need to state what rifle(s) you’d like to use, which involves specifying the exact calibre and type. For example, you might like to buy a “bolt action .223 rifle”. Be specific – you can’t state a generic group such as .22 CF.

Although many people will tell you that you can’t have two rifles of the same calibre, that’s simply not true – so long as you can demonstrate “good reason” to need them. For instance, you might need a dedicated night vision rifle as well as one for daytime use. It is down to the local force’s discretion though, so if there’s any doubt, explain your reasoning to your Firearms Enquiries Officer (FEO), and see what they say.

You will also need to provide the details of the ground where you have permission to shoot the rifle(s) listed.

Your completed form must be accompanied with a passport photograph of yourself. You also need to provide details of two people who have agreed to act as a referee for you. They must be British residents, have known you for at least two years and be of good character. A family member cannot be a referee and neither can a registered firearms dealer, a person employed by the police or Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC).

You will be asked to give permission for the police to approach your GP. If you aren’t registered with a GP in the UK, you can’t complete the form.

As well as providing details of land you are permitted to shoot over, you will have to give details of any target shooting club you are a member of.

Your application is valid in law provided you have completed the form correctly and included the photographs and payment.

If you don’t declare a relevant condition the least that will happen is refusal or revocation of your certificate. In the worst case you could be prosecuted and get a criminal record. Don’t take the risk. Declarable conditions are not a bar to getting a certificate if they’re properly controlled.

Do not delay

Allow at least 12 weeks for your certificate to come through. So if you are renewing, bear this in mind. Don’t delay in reapplying. The time it takes to process a certificate varies widely from one police force to another.

Do not wait for a renewal letter before starting the process – in these days of police cuts you may not get one anyway.

Keep your expiring certificates with you – you will need them to prove you own your gun lawfully and to buy ammunition.

If your certificate expires before you receive a valid replacement you should ask for a temporary permit, issued under Section 7 of the Firearms Act 1968. It should be granted in the event of an administrative delay.

The length of time it takes for the force to process your application can vary tremendously – bear in mind that it’s not fair to blame the police for taking too long if your referees haven’t responded.

What else you need to organise

To get your firearm certificate, you will need some form of secure storage for your guns, and also for your ammunition.

Will the police grant you a firearm certificate?

The police will carry out a number of checks including interviews, visits to your property, references from friends and record checks to decide if you are safe to own a firearm or rifle.

You need to prove that:

You are fit to be entrusted with a firearm and aren’t prohibited from possessing one

You have good reason for possessing or purchasing a firearm

You can possess the firearm or ammunition without being a danger to the public safety or peace

Usually someone who has not held an FAC before will only be granted what is known as a “closed ticket”, a restriction that usually lasts until the first renewal after five years. A closed ticket means that the holder can only shoot on ground the police consider appropriate. Typically, that will be the ground that you have written permission for, however, it is worth remembering that it also includes other places which have been cleared for that calibre. Working out which land parcels are covered can be a nightmare, but once again the best way of going about it is by talking to your local firearms officer.

When you finally are granted an “open ticket” it means that the responsibility for deciding where it is safe to use the rifle now devolves to you, the shooter. You obviously still need the relevant land permissions. If you really need to reduce the time before you are granted an open licence, it is worth seeking advice from your local firearms team, as things can vary tremendously between different forces.

What is good reason to own a firearm?

The police want to see that you need your rifle or firearm on a regular basis for work, sport or leisure. It is up to the chief officer to decide what constitutes a good reason.

Getting qualified with a DSC1 can help

Study for a Deer Stalking Level 1 (DSC1) and the police could consider this to be a major step towards your being considered suitable for an open ticket. Ignore the fact that the course is primarily intended for deer stalkers – it is relevant for foxers too because it inherently involves your being taught and assessed on things like firearms law, accuracy, and above all, safety. It’s also both an enjoyable and informative course.

What are firearm licence variations?

If you want to change the details of the firearm or firearms on your certificate you will need to apply for a variation. You can download the form here. This will be processed for free.

If you want to increase the number of guns and/or component parts you hold, including sound moderators, you will need to pay a variation fee of £20.

What about if you inherit guns?

You must declare any kind of firearm you inherit to a registered firearms dealer or the police. If you neglect to do this you are breaking the law and could lose any opportunity of getting your firearm or shotgun certificate and retaining the guns.

A firearms dealer who will be able to advise you on guns’ value or how to proceed if you wish to keep them

What if you lose your firearm certificate?

You can have it replaced for £4.

If your certificate is very dirty, mutilated or so full that legible entries can’t be made, you are entitled to a replacement for free.

More advice on firearms certificates

Under UK law, there is a clear distinction between the right to possess a shotgun against that of a rifle. Every British citizen is deemed to have the right to own a shotgun – if the state disagrees, it has to show why that person should not have one. With a rifle, however, it is the other way around – the assumption is that the person concerned has no automatic right to own one, and therefore has to demonstrate the need to do so.

Most police forces do not consider that having served in the armed forces provides any relevant experience in the use of firearms.

Once your certificate has arrived, the first thing is to check it through to make sure that everything is as it should be. Paperwork errors are, sadly, only too common, and although most forces will usually sort them out very quickly, responsibility for complying with the specified terms is down to you.

If you don’t have a proven track record of using a similar calibre you will be unlikely to be granted something ‘large’. Exactly what this means is interpreted differently by different forces – in some areas they appear to view the law as being what they’d like it to be, whereas in others they follow Home Office guidance closely. In loose terms, if you have no demonstrable experience, you are unlikely to be granted something like a 30-06 rifle on a first application.

If you have any problems or need advice, go to your shooting , for instance, has full-time experts who deal with such things.

Take a few photocopies of your firearms certificate when you get it (you might like to blank out the address on the copies so that if they get lost or stolen your home security remains secure. ) Leave the original in your firearms cabinet except when you actually need it, such as when visiting a gun shop to purchase regulated items.

Questions about firearms certificates

Q: I have held a shotgun certificate for 40 years, initially for roughshooting, but in recent years, mainly for skeet and DTL. Two years ago I decided that I would like to add FAC to my shooting disciplines and joined my local shooting club as an airgun member, being added to the waiting list for their firearms section and firearms handling course. This was a prerequisite of becoming a full member.

In June of last year I was invited to take part in the club’s excellent 10-week firearm course during which I fired everything from .22 RF to .303 including blackpowder and an AK47. I passed with flying colours. I then applied to our local firearms licensing division and eventually received my FAC. However, my FAC is very restrictive in that I can only possess one each of the following: .22 RF, .22 moderator, .357, .44 and FAC multi-shot shotgun. I am only allowed to shoot target at my shooting club. Is this type of restriction normal or should I challenge this? I would like to add a .22 semi-auto as well as a .243 bolt action to my FAC.

A: Every firearm which a firearms certificate authorises has to be justified by what is known as the “good reason” test as per Section 27(1) of the 1968 Firearms Act. Good reason must be substantial. It generally encompasses the intent to use a firearm for a particular purpose and somewhere to do that. Good reason becomes more difficult to satisfy where increasing numbers of similar firearms are concerned. Regarding your particular certificate, you must have provided good reason for the five firearms to which your certificate refers. If you applied for a .22 self-loading rifle and a .243 rifle as well and they were refused without explanation, then this is unacceptable. Full written reasons for any refusal must be given as you have a right to appeal to the Crown Court about this decision. I can see no reason why you should not have a self-loading .22 rifle for different types of target shooting disciplines as well. The same goes for the .243. (I would prefer a .308/7.62mm as ammunition is easier to get and cheaper. Don’t forget, it is against the law to use expanding ammunition for target shooting. There are solid .243 bullets available but they seem to be quite hard to come by). However, you must prove that you have good reason for requesting these two rifles. The restriction limiting your firearms to your shooting club range is unreasonable. You should return the certificate and ask for Condition 9 from Appendix 3 of the Home Office guide on firearm licensing law to be applied. This should say that the firearms to which the certificate relate shall be used for target shooting, and only while a member of your shooting club, on ranges which are legally and safely constructed and maintained. This does not restrict where you can use the rifles but as they are solely for target shooting, you have to be a member of an approved club to possess them. Do you have a deactivated firearm in your possession? Read on and stay within the law All owners of deactivated weapons will now need to ensure that they notify the Home Office. From 12 December it will… What are the latest waiting times for shotgun and firearm certificates? Just how long does it take to receive or renew a shotgun licence or firearms certificate these days. Your firearms… Q: I am soon to retire and would like to apply for a firearms certificate to take up shooting with a .17 HMR for for targets and vermin. However, having read the gun control regulations, I may have a problem complying. Having spent most of my life working abroad I do not know anyone who can endorse my application. I am also the sole occupant of a council flat and am not happy with the idea that some unknown person in the council is aware that a firearm is kept here. Can you offer any advice? A: Every applicant for a firearms certificate is required to nominate two referees (one for a shotgun certificate). There are no requirements for them to be of any particular status, but they must have known the applicant personally for at least two years, be of good character and resident in Great Britain. Their function is to provide a reliable assessment of the applicant’s character, rather than guaranteeing any future behaviour.

Referees must provide a reference freely and without any fee. They must not be registered firearms dealers, serving police officers, police employees or members of the applicant’s immediate family. This is not defined but it includes all close relatives other than cousins. It also applies to cohabitees. GPs may act as referees for your firearms certificate, but they must do this on a personal rather than a professional basis. A council tenant applying for a firearms certificate should always check the terms of the lease to see if there is any clause prohibiting possession or storage of firearms on the premises.

If there is a requirement to notify the council of firearms this should be done in a discreet manner to a senior person, for example, the director of housing services, and that person should be reminded of his confidentiality under the Data Protection Act.