If America threw up post-truth politics as the word of the year, India in 2016 gave new meaning to the politics of polarisation. Starting with nationalists versus supposed anti-nationals in the Kanhaiya Kumar case at JNU to the spectacle of aggressive cow vigilantism, near-shutdown of debate in Parliament and the apex court weighing in on the national anthem, this has been a year of extremes.

Political discourse needs to soften and both government and opposition must realise that their primary duty is to legislate and provide succour to the common man. One can argue over policies and ways of implementing them in a democracy, but that cannot come at the cost of shutting down Parliament and civil discourse.

This winter session of Parliament was the least productive in 15 years: Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha lost 83% and 80% of their time respectively due to disruptions, costing around Rs 144 crore to the taxpayer. The primary onus for smooth functioning of Parliament lies with the government, but opposition parties too have some responsibility.

It need not have been like this. While it was advantage BJP in Assam’s assembly elections in May 2016, regional players like Mamata Banerjee’s Trinamool Congress, the late J Jayalalithaa’s AIADMK, and CPM-led Left Democratic Front formed governments in West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala respectively. The Assam campaign, which yielded BJP and allies 86 of the state’s 126 assembly seats, showed that projecting a regional face like Sarbananda Sonowal and aligning with regional outfits like AGP and BPF pay dividends. At the heart of BJP’s Assam success was a politics of accommodation, that should be a template for the party as it seeks to expand to further states.

What we need in 2017 is a new politics of accommodation – from all sides – where differences must be debated in the larger public interest, not lost in the constant din of political grandstanding. The trend of political polarisation was also reflected in ugly social tensions in 2016. Self-proclaimed cow vigilantes or gau rakshaks attacked Dalits and Muslims at various places across the country for allegedly possessing beef or skinning dead cows. Clearly, gau rakshaks felt emboldened by the political climate to perpetrate violence in the name of cow protection.

However, cow vigilantism also witnessed Dalit counter-mobilisation. After the brutal flogging of four Dalit youths by gau rakshaks in Gujarat’s Una in July, several large protests were organised. Organising the Dalits were new activist groups such as Jignesh Mevani’s Dalit Atyachar Ladat Samiti that did not have any political backing or monetary support from traditional caste-based political parties. Yet they were able to strike a chord with people and mobilise them.

Similarly, 2016 also saw an expansion in quota agitations with Jats in Haryana and Marathas in Maharashtra demanding reservations in jobs and education. This was a continuation of the trend started by the Patidar agitation in Gujarat last year and highlights a growing clamour for quotas even among relatively well-off communities. That things have come to this pass not only shows that quota politics has set off a race to the bottom, but also that the economy simply isn’t delivering the number of jobs that it needs to.

In the context of India needing 10 million new jobs every year, socio-political events in 2016 confirmed that the economy is underperforming. And given India’s youthful demography – 50% of the country’s population is under 25 years of age – this means we have a growing pool of young people without career prospects. This in turn is feeding the demand for caste-based quotas and providing a fillip to criminal trends such as cow vigilantism – gau rakshaks are essentially jobless youths seeking an identity and some monetary remuneration.

This is also the reason why new social movements are throwing up young leaders such as Mevani, Kanhaiya Kumar and Hardik Patel. There’s clearly a sense of frustration and a yearning to be heard among the country’s youth. But the traditional political parties dominated by gerontocratic leaderships failed to respond to this in 2016, creating fertile grounds for social polarisation. The open division within UP’s ruling Samajwadi Party between party patriarch Mulayam Singh Yadav and his son and chief minister Akhilesh Yadav is a clear case of the young resisting the old.

Taken together, 2016 exemplified the social tensions building up in society. To address these in 2017, the country’s political leadership needs to come together to boost the economy and give more space to youth. Playing caste games and pushing Hindutva for short-term electoral gains can easily backfire and turn India’s demographic dividend into a demographic nightmare. It’s time to cast aside the politics of the past and make accommodation and genuine development the key political agenda.