An analysis by Citizens for Tax Justice shows presidential candidate Bernie Sanders’ “Medicare for All” plan would raise $13 trillion over 10 years and increase average after-tax incomes for all but the richest Americans.

The reason that Sanders’ plan increases average after-tax incomes for all but the highest-income groups, even as it substantially increases tax revenues, is that the plan would replace employer-provided healthcare with universal health insurance for all Americans. Thus, workers would get comprehensive health insurance in addition to higher wages.

This is far different from proposals to simply make some or all of currently tax-exempt employer-provided insurance subject to income and payroll taxes, which would be a very bad deal for workers.

Wages would go up, under the assumption that employers will maintain the total amount per worker that they now pay in cash wages, health benefits, and employer payroll taxes. Thus, ITEP’s estimate of the net increase in cash wages reflects both decreased employer costs from eliminating employer-related health insurance and increased employer costs from higher employer payroll taxes (both from Sanders’ proposed new 6.2 percent employer tax and changes in existing payroll taxes due to wage increases). As a result, on average just over half of the employer savings from eliminating health insurance costs would be reflected in higher wages.

As the table on page one illustrates, people in the bottom 20 percent income group would see their pre-tax income go up by an average of $1,932. Their personal taxes (income and payroll) would go up by an average of only $450, meaning that they would see an average increase in after-tax income of $1,482. Similarly, the middle 20 percent of Americans would see their after-tax income increase by an average of $3,240.

In addition to his new 6.2 percent employer payroll tax, Sanders’ health-related tax proposals include several highly progressive tax changes. Most notably, it would end the preferential low tax rates on capital gains and dividends, on incomes over $250,000 and apply higher marginal income tax rates on top earners. Because of these progressive tax increases, ITEP’s analysis found that the top one percent would see their average after-tax income go down by $159,980 under Sanders’ plan.

CTJ’s full analysis can be found here (PDF): The Tax (and Wage) Implications of Bernie Sanders’“Medicare for All” Health Plan.

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