It was among the most aggressive police responses in the 17 weeks of demonstrations, amid growing sensitivity over the rapidly approaching anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Several people were seriously injured, including an Indonesian journalist based in Hong Kong who was hit in the eye by a projectile while live-streaming the event for her publication.

Police arrested 146 people on Sunday, and 11 on Saturday. Over a third of all those arrested were students, including a 12 year-old.

As police intensify their efforts to crush the protests, they are facing more resistance from ordinary people who are increasingly joining protests and hurling abuse at officers.

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Despite the forceful police response, the protesters persevered and scattered across central areas of the city. Some set fires, broke windows at subway stations and threw bricks at officers. Street battles broke out between protesters and police, who struggled to keep the demonstrators at bay with rubber bullets and tear gas.

Residents and tourists were caught in the crossfire, clutching their faces and running in fear in several areas, including the neon-lit luxury shopping district of Causeway Bay.

Riot police officers are seen amid tear gas during a demonstration in Admiralty district Hong Kong. (Athit Perawongmetha/Reuters)

The protesters are determined to show Beijing that they wholly reject the erosion of their promised freedoms and see this as their opportunity to push for the right to directly elect the leaders of the city.

“If they respect us, then we will respect them,” said Michael, a 28-year-old protester who works in the banking industry. “But if they don’t respect our democracy or human rights, then why do I need to respect them?”

Protesters tore down signs and flags hoisted in advance of the 70th anniversary celebrations, setting fire to some.

Anti-government protesters run away from amid blue-colored sprayed water during a demonstration near the Legislative Council building. (Athit Perawongmetha/Reuters)

At times, riot police appeared outnumbered. Shoppers at a luxury mall in central Hong Kong looked on as police and protesters engaged in a pitched battle. Protesters crouched, created a phalanx of umbrellas, and tossed bricks and bottles toward the officers. Police fired round after round of tear gas.

The protesters inched forward as rubber bullets shredded their umbrellas. When it appeared the police might be outflanked, officers made a hasty retreat. Protesters seized the moment, rushing toward officers piling into police vans.

Demonstrators, cheered by onlookers and fellow marchers, hit the vans with poles and bottles as the vehicles sped away. The road was littered with glass and spent tear-gas canisters clinked across the asphalt as the protesters continued their march.

At nightfall in the nearby neighborhood of Wan Chai, residents left their homes and workplaces to jeer at police and pelt their vehicles with bricks and bottles.

Police responded by firing tear gas into the crowd, which included elderly residents.

Several protesters were hurt during the day, including one who was briefly unconscious and another who was dragged away by several officers because he couldn’t walk. Several bled while ambulances rushed to the scene.

Riot police officers fire tear gas to disperse anti-government protesters after a march in Hong Kong. (Athit Perawongmetha/Reuters)

Police arrested protesters, lining them up against a wall outside a government building plastered with posters and graffiti denouncing police violence. Officers frisked the protesters and took them away. A spokeswoman for the police force said she could not immediately give the number of arrests.

After one clash, police regrouped and then charged protesters. “Go, go, go,” a commanding officer shouted as dozens of tactical and riot officers sprinted down the street. Officers tackled demonstrators, pinning them to the ground and blocking journalists’ cameras as they made arrests.

The protest movement was sparked in June by a bill that would have allowed the extradition of criminal defendants from Hong Kong to mainland China. The bill has since been withdrawn, but protesters’ demands have grown to include direct elections for Hong Kong leaders and an independent investigation into police use of force, amid growing sentiment that officers have acted with impunity during the demonstrations. The movement has also taken on a distinctly anti-Beijing flavor.

Protesters have become increasingly aware of the risks of their continued participation in the demonstrations. Police have arrested more than 1,500 people in the past four months with charges including rioting, unlawful assembly, assaulting police officers and possession of offensive weapons. After demonstrations ended Saturday and Sunday, police stopped and searched young people in buses and trams, at convenience stores and elsewhere in the city.

“We can’t make fear grow in our hearts,” said Michael, the 28-year-old. “If we are not going to go out now, then when?

“If we really lose this time, we may not get the right to come out ever again, just like it is in China.”

Joshua, a 22-year-old protester, said he grows more afraid before each march. Sometimes he feels like throwing up, he says, worrying that he could be the next to be cuffed and hauled away. He gave only his first name because the demonstration was unauthorized.

“If this is our path to democracy, then it is a sacrifice I am willing to make,” he said.

“Fight for Hong Kong!” he shouted amid the marching crowd. “Stand with freedom!”

An anti-government protester throws a molotov cocktail towards riot police officers inside the Wan Chai station during a demonstration in Hong Kong. (Athit Perawongmetha/Reuters)