1983 Act This amends 31:5112(f)(1) to make technical and conforming changes.

Effective Date of 2007 Amendment Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VI, § 623(c), , 121 Stat. 2018, provided that: “The change required by the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section] shall be put into effect by the Secretary of the Treasury as soon as is practicable after the date of enactment of this Act [ ].”

President George H.W. Bush and First Spouse Barbara Bush Coins Pub. L. 116–112, , 134 Stat. 9, provided that: “SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. “This Act may be cited as the ‘President George H.W. Bush and First Spouse Barbara Bush Coin Act” ’. “SEC. 2. COINS HONORING PRESIDENT GEORGE H.W. BUSH AND FIRST SPOUSE BARBARA BUSH. “(a) Circulating $1 Coins Honoring President George H.W. Bush.—Notwithstanding subsections (d), (n)(2)(E), (n)(3), (n)(4), and (n)(8) of section 5112 of title 31, United States Code, in addition to the coins to be issued under subsections (r) and (w) of such section 5112, and in accordance with the other provisions of subsection (n) of such section 5112, the Secretary of the Treasury, beginning on , shall mint and issue $1 coins that bear— “(1) the image of President George H.W. Bush; and “(2) an inscription of the year “‘2020”’. “(b) Bullion Coins Honoring First Spouse Barbara Bush.—Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (5)(C) of section 5112(o) of title 31, United States Code, and in accordance with the other provisions of such section 5112(o), the Secretary of the Treasury, beginning on , shall mint and issue bullion coins that bear— “(1) the image of First Spouse Barbara Bush; and “(2) an inscription of the year “‘2020”’. “SEC. 3. FINANCIAL ASSURANCES. “The Secretary of the Treasury shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure that the minting and issuing of coins under this Act will not result in any net cost to the United States Government.”

Authority To Conduct Research and Development on All Circulating Coins Pub. L. 111–302, § 2, , 124 Stat. 3272, provided that: “(a) In General.— To accomplish the goals of this Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 5101 of this title ] and the requirements of subchapter II of chapter 51 of title 31, United States Code, the Secretary of the Treasury may— “(1) conduct any appropriate testing of appropriate coinage metallic materials within or outside of the Department of the Treasury ; and “(2) solicit input from or otherwise work in conjunction with entities within or outside of the Federal Government including independent research facilities or current or potential suppliers of the metallic material used in volume production of circulating coins, to complete the report referred to in this Act [see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–302 , set out as a note below] and to develop and evaluate the use of new metallic materials. “(b) Factors to Be Considered.— In the conduct of research, development, and the solicitation of input or work in conjunction with entities within and outside the Federal Government, and in reporting to the Congress with recommendations, as required by this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall consider the following: “(1) Factors relevant to the potential impact of any revisions to the composition of the material used in coin production on the current coinage material suppliers. “(2) Factors relevant to the ease of use and ability to co-circulate of new coinage materials, including the effect on vending machines and commercial coin processing equipment and making certain, to the greatest extent practicable, that any new coins work without interruption in existing coin acceptance equipment without modification. “(3) Such other factors that the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with merchants who would be affected by any change in the composition of circulating coins, vending machine and other coin acceptor manufacturers, vending machine owners and operators, transit officials, municipal parking officials, depository institutions, coin and currency handlers, armored-car operators, car wash operators, and American-owned manufacturers of commercial coin processing equipment, considers to be appropriate and in the public interest, after notice and opportunity for comment.”

Biennial Report to the Congress on the Current Status of Coin Production Costs and Analysis of Alternative Content Pub. L. 111–302, § 3, , 124 Stat. 3273, provided that: “(a) Report Required.— Before the end of the 2-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [ ], and at 2-year intervals following the end of such period, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit a report to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate analyzing production costs for each circulating coin, cost trends for such production, and possible new metallic materials or technologies for the production of circulating coins. “(b) Detailed Recommendations.— In preparing and submitting the reports required under subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury shall include detailed recommendations for any appropriate changes to the metallic content of circulating coins in such a form that the recommendations could be enacted into law as appropriate. “(c) Improved Production Efficiency.— In preparing and submitting the reports required under subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury shall include recommendations for changes in the methods of producing coins that would further reduce the costs to produce circulating coins, and include notes on the legislative changes that are necessary to achieve such goals. “(d) Minimizing Conversion Costs.— In preparing and submitting the reports required under subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury, to the greatest extent possible, may not include any recommendation for new specifications for producing a circulating coin that would require any significant change to coin-accepting and coin-handling equipment to accommodate changes to all circulating coins simultaneously. “(e) Fraud Prevention.— The reports required under this section shall make no recommendation for a specification change that would facilitate or allow the use of a coin with a lesser value produced, minted, or issued by another country, or the use of any token or other easily or regularly produced metal device of minimal value, in the place of a circulating coin produced by the Secretary. “(f) Rule of Construction.— No provision of this Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 5101 of this title ] shall be construed as requiring that additional research and development be conducted for any report under this Act but any such report shall include information on any such research and development during the period covered by the report.”

Findings of 2008 Amendment Pub. L. 110–456, title I, § 101, , 122 Stat. 5038, provided that: “The Congress finds as follows: “(1) Yellowstone National Park was established by an Act signed by President Ulysses S. Grant on , as the Nation’s first national park. “(2) The summer and autumn of 1890 saw the establishment of a number of national sites “(A) August 19: Chickamauga and Chattanooga established as national military parks in Georgia and Tennessee. “(B) August 30: Antietam established as a national battlefield site in Maryland. “(C) September 25: Sequoia National Park established in California. “(D) September 27: Rock Creek Park established in the District of Columbia. “(E) October 1: General Grant National Park established in California (and subsequently incorporated in Kings Canyon National Park). “(F) October 1: Yosemite National Park established in California. “(3) Theodore Roosevelt was this nation’s 26th President and is considered by many to be our ‘Conservationist President’. “(4) As a frequent visitor to the West, Theodore Roosevelt witnessed the virtual destruction of some big game species and the overgrazing that destroyed the grasslands and with them the habitats for small mammals and songbirds and conservation increasingly became one of his major concerns. “(5) When he became President in 1901, Roosevelt pursued this interest in conservation by establishing the first 51 Bird Reserves, 4 Game Preserves, and 150 National Forests. “(6) Forest Service , signed into law the creation of 5 National Parks, and signed the Act for the Preservation of American Antiquities in 1906 under which he proclaimed 18 national monuments. He also established the United States , signed into law the creation of 5 National Parks, and signed the Act for the Preservation of American Antiquities in 1906 under which he proclaimed 18 national monuments. “(7) Approximately 230,000,000 acres of area within the United States was placed under public protection by Theodore Roosevelt. “(8) Theodore Roosevelt said that nothing short of defending this country in wartime ‘compares in importance with the great central task of leaving this land even a better land for our descendants than it is for us’. “(9) The National Park Service was created by an Act signed by President Woodrow Wilson on . “(10) The National Park System comprises 391 areas covering more than 84,000,000 acres in every State (except Delaware), the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico , and the Virgin Islands. “(11) The sites or areas within the National Park System vary widely in size and type from vast natural wilderness to birthplaces of Presidents to world heritage archaeology sites to an African burial ground memorial in Manhattan and include national parks, monuments, battlefields, military parks, historical parks, historic sites, lakeshores, seashores, recreation areas, scenic rivers and trails, and the White House. “(12) In addition to the sites within the National Park System, the United States has placed numerous other types of sites under various forms of conservancy, such as the national forests and sites within the National Wildlife Refuge System and on the National Register of Historic Places.”

Removal of Barriers to Circulation of $1 Coin Pub. L. 110–82, § 4, , 121 Stat. 779, provided that: “(a) In General.— In order to remove barriers to circulation, the Secretary of the Treasury shall carry out an aggressive, cost-effective, continuing campaign to encourage commercial enterprises to accept and dispense $1 coins that have as designs on the obverse the so-called ‘Sacagawea design’. “(b) Report.— The Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to Congress an annual report on the success of the efforts described in subsection (a).”

Presidential Commemorative Dollar Coins; Findings Pub. L. 109–145, title I, § 101, , 119 Stat. 2664, provided that: “ Congress finds the following: “(1) There are sectors of the United States economy, including public transportation, parking meters, vending machines, and low-dollar value transactions, in which the use of a $1 coin is both useful and desirable for keeping costs and prices down. “(2) For a variety of reasons, the new $1 coin introduced in 2000 has not been widely sought-after by the public, leading to higher costs for merchants and thus higher prices for consumers. “(3) The success of the 50 States Commemorative Coin Program ( 31 U.S.C. 5112 (l)) for circulating quarter dollars shows that a design on a United States circulating coin that is regularly changed in a manner similar to the systematic change in designs in such Program radically increases demand for the coin, rapidly pulling it through the economy. “(4) The 50 States Commemorative Coin Program also has been an educational tool, teaching both Americans and visitors something about each State for which a quarter has been issued. “(5) A national survey and study by the Government Accountability Office has indicated that many Americans who do not seek, or who reject, the new $1 coin for use in commerce would actively seek the coin if an attractive, educational rotating design were to be struck on the coin. “(6) The President is the leader of our tripartite government and the President’s spouse has often set the social tone for the White House while spearheading and highlighting important issues for the country. “(7) Sacagawea, as currently represented on the new $1 coin, is an important symbol of American history. “(8) Many people cannot name all of the Presidents, and fewer can name the spouses, nor can many people accurately place each President in the proper time period of American history. “(9) First Spouses have not generally been recognized on American coinage. “(10) In order to revitalize the design of United States coinage and return circulating coinage to its position as not only a necessary means of exchange in commerce, but also as an object of aesthetic beauty in its own right, it is appropriate to move many of the mottos and emblems, the inscription of the year, and the so-called ‘mint marks’ that currently appear on the 2 faces of each circulating coin to the edge of the coin, which would allow larger and more dramatic artwork on the coins reminiscent of the so-called ‘Golden Age of Coinage’ in the United States , at the beginning of the Twentieth Century, initiated by President Theodore Roosevelt, with the assistance of noted sculptors and medallic artists James Earle Fraser and Augustus Saint-Gaudens. “(11) Placing inscriptions on the edge of coins, known as edge-incusing, is a hallmark of modern coinage and is common in large-volume production of coinage elsewhere in the world, such as the 2,700,000,000 2-Euro coins in circulation, but it has not been done on a large scale in United States coinage in recent years. “(12) Although the Congress has authorized the Secretary of the Treasury to issue gold coins with a purity of 99.99 percent, the Secretary has not done so. “(13) Bullion coins are a valuable tool for the investor and, in some cases, an important aspect of coin collecting.”

Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial 1-cent Coin Redesign Pub. L. 109–145, title III, , 119 Stat. 2673, provided that: “SEC. 301. FINDINGS. “ Congress finds the following: “(1) Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President, was one of the Nation’s greatest leaders, demonstrating true courage during the Civil War, one of the greatest crises in the Nation’s history. “(2) Born of humble roots in Hardin County (present-day LaRue County), Kentucky, on , Abraham Lincoln rose to the Presidency through a combination of honesty, integrity, intelligence, and commitment to the United States. “(3) With the belief that all men are created equal, Abraham Lincoln led the effort to free all slaves in the United States “(4) Abraham Lincoln had a generous heart, with malice toward none, and with charity for all. “(5) Abraham Lincoln gave the ultimate sacrifice for the country he loved, dying from an assassin’s bullet on . “(6) All Americans could benefit from studying the life of Abraham Lincoln, for Lincoln’s life is a model for accomplishing the ‘American dream’ through honesty, integrity, loyalty, and a lifetime of education. “(7) The year 2009 will be the bicentennial anniversary of the birth of Abraham Lincoln. “(8) Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky, grew to adulthood in Indiana, achieved fame in Illinois, and led the nation in Washington, D.C. “(9) The so-called ‘Lincoln cent’ was introduced in 1909 on the 100th anniversary of Lincoln’s birth, making the obverse design the most enduring on the nation’s coinage. “(10) President Theodore Roosevelt was so impressed by the talent of Victor David Brenner that the sculptor was chosen to design the likeness of President Lincoln for the coin, adapting a design from a plaque Brenner had prepared earlier. “(11) In the nearly 100 years of production of the ‘Lincoln cent’, there have been only 2 designs on the reverse: the original, featuring 2 wheat-heads in memorial style enclosing mottoes, and the current representation of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. “(12) On the occasion of the bicentennial of President Lincoln’s birth and the 100th anniversary of the production of the Lincoln cent, it is entirely fitting to issue a series of 1-cent coins with designs on the reverse that are emblematic of the 4 major periods of President Lincoln’s life. “SEC. 302. REDESIGN OF LINCOLN CENT FOR 2009. “(a) In General.— During the year 2009, the Secretary of the Treasury shall issue 1-cent coins in accordance with the following design specifications: “(1) Obverse.— The obverse of the 1-cent coin shall continue to bear the Victor David Brenner likeness of President Abraham Lincoln. “(2) Reverse.— The reverse of the coins shall bear 4 different designs each representing a different aspect of the life of Abraham Lincoln, such as— “(A) his birth and early childhood in Kentucky; “(B) his formative years in Indiana; “(C) his professional life in Illinois; and “(D) his presidency, in Washington, D.C. “(b) Issuance of Redesigned Lincoln Cents in 2009.— “(1) Order.— The 1-cent coins to which this section applies shall be issued with 1 of the 4 designs referred to in subsection (a)(2) beginning at the start of each calendar quarter of 2009. “(2) Number.— The Secretary shall prescribe, on the basis of such factors as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, the number of 1-cent coins that shall be issued with each of the designs selected for each calendar quarter of 2009. “(c) Design Selection.— The designs for the coins specified in this section shall be chosen by the Secretary— “(1) after consultation with the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission and the Commission of Fine Arts; and “(2) after review by the Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee. “SEC. 303. REDESIGN OF REVERSE OF 1-CENT COINS AFTER 2009. “The design on the reverse of the 1-cent coins issued after , shall bear an image emblematic of President Lincoln’s preservation of the United States of America as a single and united country. “SEC. 304. NUMISMATIC PENNIES WITH THE SAME METALLIC CONTENT AS THE 1909 PENNY. “The Secretary of the Treasury shall issue 1-cent coins in 2009 with the exact metallic content as the 1-cent coin contained in 1909 in such number as the Secretary determines to be appropriate for numismatic purposes. “SEC. 305. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS . “It is the sense of the Congress that the original Victor David Brenner design for the 1-cent coin was a dramatic departure from previous American coinage that should be reproduced, using the original form and relief of the likeness of Abraham Lincoln, on the 1-cent coins issued in 2009.”

Designs on the 5-Cent Coin Pub. L. 108–15, title I, § 101, , 117 Stat. 615, provided that: “(a) In General.— Subject to subsection (b) and after consulting with the Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee and the Commission of Fine Arts, the Secretary of the Treasury may change the design on the obverse and the reverse of the 5-cent coin for coins issued in 2003, 2004, and 2005 in recognition of the bicentennial of the Louisiana Purchase and the expedition of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. “(b) Design Specifications.— “(1) Obverse.— If the Secretary of the Treasury elects to change the obverse of 5-cent coins issued during 2003, 2004, and 2005, the design shall depict a likeness of President Thomas Jefferson, different from the likeness that appeared on the obverse of the 5-cent coins issued during 2002, in recognition of his role with respect to the Louisiana Purchase and the commissioning of the Lewis and Clark expedition. “(2) Reverse.— If the Secretary of the Treasury elects to change the reverse of the 5-cent coins issued during 2003, 2004, and 2005, the design selected shall depict images that are emblematic of the Louisiana Purchase or the expedition of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. “(3) Other inscriptions.— 5-cent coins issued during 2003, 2004, and 2005 shall continue to meet all other requirements for inscriptions and designations applicable to circulating coins under section 5112(d)(1) of title 31 , United States Code.”

Study and Report of Impact on United States Silver Market of the American Eagle Silver Bullion Program Pub. L. 107–201, § 3(b), , 116 Stat. 737, provided that: “(1) Study.— The Secretary of the Treasury shall conduct a study of the impact on the United States silver market of the American Eagle Silver Bullion Program, established under section 5112(e) of title 31 , United States Code. “(2) Report.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [ ], the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit a report of the study conducted under paragraph (1) to the chairman and ranking minority member of— “(A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate ; and “(B) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives .”

Findings of 1997 Amendment Pub. L. 105–124, § 2, , 111 Stat. 2534, provided that: “The Congress finds that— “(1) it is appropriate and timely— “(A) to honor the unique Federal republic of 50 States that comprise the United States ; and “(B) to promote the diffusion of knowledge among the youth of the United States about the individual States , their history and geography, and the rich diversity of the national heritage; “(2) the circulating coinage of the United States has not been modernized during the 25-year period preceding the date of enactment of this Act [ ]; “(3) a circulating commemorative 25-cent coin program could produce earnings of $110,000,000 from the sale of silver proof coins and sets over the 10-year period of issuance, and would produce indirect earnings of an estimated $2,600,000,000 to $5,100,000,000 to the United States Treasury, money that will replace borrowing to fund the national debt to at least that extent; and “(4) it is appropriate to launch a commemorative circulating coin program that encourages young people and their families to collect memorable tokens of all of the States for the face value of the coins.”

Dollar Coins Pub. L. 105–124, § 4(e), (f), , 111 Stat. 2536, 2537, provided that: “(e) Production of New Dollar Coins.— “(1) In general.— Upon the depletion of the Government’s supply (as of the date of enactment of this Act [ ]) of $1 coins bearing the likeness of Susan B. Anthony, the Secretary of the Treasury shall place into circulation $1 coins that comply with the requirements of subsections (b) and (d)(1) of section 5112 of title 31 , United States Code, as amended by this section. “(2) Authority of secretary to continue production.— If the supply of $1 coins bearing the likeness of Susan B. Anthony is depleted before production has begun of $1 coins which bear a design which complies with the requirements of subsections (b) and (d)(1) of section 5112 of title 31 , United States Code, as amended by this section, the Secretary of the Treasury may continue to mint and issue $1 coins bearing the likeness of Susan B. Anthony in accordance with that section 5112 (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act) until such time as production begins. “(3) Numismatic sets.— The Secretary may include such $1 coins in any numismatic set produced by the United States Mint before the date on which the $1 coins authorized by this section are placed in circulation. “(f) Marketing Program.— “(1) In general.— Before placing into circulation $1 coins authorized under this section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5101 of this title ], the Secretary of the Treasury shall adopt a program to promote the use of such coins by commercial enterprises, mass transit authorities, and Federal, State, and local government agencies. “(2) Study required.— The Secretary of the Treasury shall conduct a study on the progress of the marketing program adopted in accordance with paragraph (1). “(3) Report.— Not later than , the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit a report to the Congress on the results of the study conducted pursuant to paragraph (2).”

Deposit of Profits From Sale of Gold to Mint for Commemorative Coin Program Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(f) [title V, § 523], , 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–347, provided in part: “That profits generated from the sale of gold to the United States Mint for this program shall be considered as a receipt to be deposited into the General Fund of the Treasury.”

Use of Government Platinum Reserves Stockpiled at Mint Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(f) [title V, § 524], , 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–348, provided in part: “That the Secretary is authorized to use Government platinum reserves stockpiled at the United States Mint as working inventory and shall ensure that reserves utilized are replaced by the Mint.”

Reform of Commemorative Coin Programs Pub. L. 103–186, title III, , 107 Stat. 2251, as amended by Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(f) [title V, § 529(b)(4)], , 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–352; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, § 115(h), , 110 Stat. 3835, provided that: “SEC. 301. SENSE OF CONGRESS RESOLUTION. “(a) Findings.— The Congress hereby makes the following findings: “(1) Congress has authorized 18 commemorative coin programs in the 9 years since 1984. “(2) There are more meritorious causes, events, and people worthy of commemoration than can be honored with commemorative coinage. “(3) Commemorative coin legislation has increased at a pace beyond that which the numismatic community can reasonably be expected to absorb. “(4) It is in the interests of all Members of Congress that a policy be established to control the flow of commemorative coin legislation. “(b) Declaration.— It is the sense of the Congress that the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs [now Committee on Financial Services] of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate should not report or otherwise clear for consideration by the House of Representatives or the Senate legislation providing for more than 2 commemorative coin programs for any year, unless the committee determines, on the basis of a recommendation by the Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee, that extraordinary merit exists for an additional commemorative coin program. “SEC. 302. REPORTS BY RECIPIENTS OF COMMEMORATIVE COIN SURCHARGES. “(a) Quarterly Financial Report.— “(1) In general.— Congress shall submit a quarterly financial report to the Director of the United States Mint and the Comptroller General of the United Each person who receives, after the date of the enactment of this Act [ ], any surcharge derived from the sale of commemorative coins under any Act ofshall submit a quarterly financial report to the Director of theand the Comptroller General of the United States describing in detail the expenditures made by such person from the proceeds of the surcharge. “(2) Information to be included.— The report under paragraph (1) shall include information on the proportion of the surcharges received during the period covered by the report to the total revenue of such person during such period, expressed as a percentage, and the percentage of total revenue during such period which was spent on administrative expenses (including salaries, travel, overhead, and fund raising). “(3) Due dates.— Quarterly reports under this subsection shall be due at the end of the 30-day period beginning on the last day of any calendar quarter during which any surcharge derived from the sale of commemorative coins is received by any person. “(b) Final Report.— Each person who receives, after the date of the enactment of this Act, any surcharge derived from the sale of commemorative coins under any Act of Congress shall submit a final report on the expenditures made by such person from the proceeds of all surcharges received by such person, including information described in subsection (a)(2), before the end of the 1-year period beginning on the last day on which sales of such coins may be made.”

Amount Equal to Profit From Sale of Gold Coins Deposited in General Fund of Treasury To Reduce National Debt Pub. L. 99–185, § 2(f), , 99 Stat. 1178, provided that an amount equal to the amount by which the proceeds from the sale of the coins issued under 31 U.S.C. 5112(i) exceeded the sum of the cost of minting, marketing, and distributing such coins, and the value of gold certificates (not exceeding forty-two and two-ninths dollars a fine troy ounce) retired from the use of gold contained in such coins, was to be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury and used for the sole purpose of reducing the national debt, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–390, title II, § 221(c)(2)(A), , 106 Stat. 1628, effective .