See also: Malus and mālus

English [ edit ]

Etymology 1 [ edit ]

From Latin malus, by analogy with bonus (“additional compensation”)

Pronunciation [ edit ]

Noun [ edit ]

malus (plural maluses)

( business ) The return of performance-related compensation originally paid by an employer to an employee as a result of the discovery of a defect in the performance. When bank fired the loan originator, they recovered the last two years of her bonuses under the malus clause in her contract. ( rare ) A penalty or negative thing.

Usage notes [ edit ]

May occur in financial services in connection with defaulted loans.

Sometimes used in reference to games as a negative counterpart to "bonus".

Synonyms [ edit ]

Coordinate terms [ edit ]

Etymology 2 [ edit ]

Noun [ edit ]

malus

Anagrams [ edit ]

Latin [ edit ]

Etymology 1 [ edit ]

From Proto-Italic *malos, related to Oscan mallom and mallud (“bad”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“to deceive”), cognate with Lithuanian melas (“lie”) and the first element of Ancient Greek βλάσφημος (blásphēmos, “jinx”). Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal-, it would then be a cognate with English small.

Originally associated with Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “black, dark”), but support for this is waning. Also compare Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀‎ (ma i riia, “treacherous”).

Pronunciation [ edit ]

( Classical ) IPA (key) : /ˈma.lus/ , [ˈma.ɫ̪ʊs]

IPA : , ( Ecclesiastical ) IPA (key) : /ˈma.lus/ , [ˈmaː.lus]

IPA : , Audio (Classical)

Adjective [ edit ]

malus (feminine mala, neuter malum, comparative pēior, superlative pessimus, adverb male); first/second-declension adjective

unpleasant, distressing, painful, nasty, bad Abī in malam crucem, malum cruciātum.. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example) Mala rēs. ― Trouble, bad business. Mala aetās. ― Old age. unpleasant to the senses, sight, smell, taste, touch Mala faciēs. ― Ugly face. bad, evil, wicked, mischievous Malus et nēquam homō. ― An evil and wicked man. Dolus malus. ― Deliberate deception, malice afterthought (legal language). destructive, hurtful, noxious, evil Consuētūdō mala. ― A bad habit. Mala vōta, carmina susurrāre. ― To whisper evil spells, incantations. unkind, hostile, abusive Mala verba. ― Abuses. associated with bad luck, unlucky, unfavourable, unfortunate, adverse, evil Mala tempestās. ― Bad, unfavourable, unsuitable weather. Malam fāmam ferre. ― To bring bad reputation, ill fame. Malīs avibus. ― Under evil auspices. (literally, “ Under bad birds. ”) Reliquiae malae pugnae. ― Remnants of an unsuccessful, adverse battle. poor in condition or capacity, inept Mala merx/mers. ― A bad lot (of persons) . Malā mente esse. ― To be out of one's mind. Pessimus poēta. ― The worst poet.

Declension [ edit ]

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative malus mala malum malī malae mala Genitive malī malae malī malōrum malārum malōrum Dative malō malō malīs Accusative malum malam malum malōs malās mala Ablative malō malā malō malīs Vocative male mala malum malī malae mala

Synonyms [ edit ]

Antonyms [ edit ]

Derived terms [ edit ]

Descendants [ edit ]

Etymology 2 [ edit ]

From Ancient Greek μηλέα (mēléa) (See also Ancient Greek μᾶλον (mâlon, “apple”), μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”)).

Pronunciation [ edit ]

( Classical ) IPA (key) : /ˈmaː.lus/ , [ˈmaː.ɫ̪ʊs]

IPA : , ( Ecclesiastical ) IPA (key) : /ˈma.lus/ , [ˈmaː.lus]

IPA : , Audio (Classical)

Noun [ edit ]

mālus f (genitive mālī); second declension

an apple tree; specifically, a plant in the genus Malus in the family Rosaceae. Malus bifera. An apple tree bearing fruit biannually. Et steriles platani malos gessere valentes. And the fruitless plane trees have borne strong apple trees. Felices arbores putantur esse quercus vel malus. The fruitful trees are thought to be an oak or apple tree.

Declension [ edit ]

Second-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural Nominative mālus mālī Genitive mālī mālōrum Dative mālō mālīs Accusative mālum mālōs Ablative mālō mālīs Vocative māle mālī

Derived terms [ edit ]

Descendants [ edit ]

Etymology 3 [ edit ]

By some referred to root mac-, from the Ancient Greek word μακρός (makrós, “long”) and Latin magnus (“long”); but perhaps the same word as mālus (apple tree).

Pronunciation [ edit ]

Noun [ edit ]

mālus m (genitive mālī); second declension

a mast of a ship Antemnas ad malos destinare. To fasten the sails to the masts. Malum erigi imperavit. He has ordered the mast to be erected. Attolli malos. The masts are lifted. a standard or pole to which the awnings spread over the theater were attached the beam in the middle of a winepress the corner beams of a tower Turrium mali. Beams of the towers.

Declension [ edit ]

Second-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural Nominative mālus mālī Genitive mālī mālōrum Dative mālō mālīs Accusative mālum mālōs Ablative mālō mālīs Vocative māle mālī

References [ edit ]