VIDEO: Kahalu’u Bay, Kealakekua Bay State Historical Park/Fair Wind (Hawai‘i Island) and Hanauma Bay on O‘ahu. (See video details at bottom of article.) VC: DLNR

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Coral Reef Watch program data indicates Hawai‘i’s coral reefs are entering a major bleaching event within the next two months, if not sooner.

Rising sea temperatures are likely to cause corals in Hawaiian waters to bleach and even die. According to NOAA scientist Jamison Gove, “Ocean temperatures are extremely warm right now across Hawaii. They’re about 3°F warmer than what we typically experience in mid-August. If the ocean continues to warm even further as predicted, we are likely to witness a repeat of unprecedented bleaching events in 2014 and 2015.”

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Coral bleaching, Aug. 23, 2019. PC: DLNR Coral bleaching. PC: ASU-GDCS Main Hawaiian Islands ocean temperatures. PC: NOAA Coral bleaching. PC: ASU-GDCS Coral bleaching. PC: ASU-GDCS Coral bleaching. PC: DLNR ‹ › ×

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“We’re already observing bleaching of corals in West Hawai‘i, along with some paling of other species at some of our long-term monitoring sites,” said Nikki Sanderlin, acting aquatic biologist for the DLNR Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) West Hawai‘i district office.

Coral bleaching is a change from normal coloration of browns, yellows and greens to a nearly white color. This change occurs when corals are stressed by environmental changes, especially temperature increases. Although corals can recover from moderate levels of heat, if it is prolonged, they will die. But scientists say that reducing secondary stress on corals during these bleaching events can improve the chances of coral survival.

DAR Administrator Brian Neilson explained, “We know this bleaching event is coming and it’s probably going to be worse than the ones we experienced four and five years ago. West Hawai‘i experienced a 50% mortality rate and Maui experience 20-30% mortality rates on fixed DAR monitoring sites. We’re asking for everyone’s help in trying to be proactive and to minimize any additional stress we put on our corals.”

DLNR and NOAA are asking you to help:

Avoid touching corals or coral reefs while diving, snorkeling or swimming

Do not stand or rest on corals

Use reef-safe sunscreens

Boaters should use mooring buoys or anchor only in sand areas

Keep anchor chains off the reef

Fishermen should reduce or stop their take of herbivores, such as parrotfish (uhu), surgeonfish & sea urchins. Herbivores clear reefs of algae, which over-grow and kill corals during bleaching events.

Take extra precaution to prevent other potential contaminants from getting to the ocean:

Dirt from poorly managed commercial and private earth work

Chemical pollution from fertilizers, soaps, detergents used in outdoor watering, car washing, etc.

Other contaminants like oil from poor containment practices

Neilson added, “These are actually things we should be doing all the time, but it’s especially important now. We’d also like swimmers, snorkelers and divers to report when and where they see both bleaching and healthy corals. Those healthy corals may provide valuable information about how some corals are better able to survive these types of events.”

In October, DLNR will introduce an initiative aimed at tour operators to inform their guests about good reef practices. Numerous operators, like FairWind Big Island Ocean Guides on Hawai‘i Island are already educating people on their boats, asking them not to stand on, sit on or touch the reef and to use reef-safe sunscreen products.

On a recent tour to Kalakekua Bay, Capt. Dante Leuenberger told snorkelers, “Now the bottom is alive. Coral is a very delicate animal. Things that look sharp and pokey are very sharp and pokey. For your own safety and for the health of the reef we ask you please to stay off the bottom. Don’t touch anything; don’t stand up anywhere; don’t go ashore at the Captain Cook Monument. Again, this is for your own safety and the health of the reef.”

DLNR and NOAA are using new technology to better understand the real-time extent of predicted bleaching events. Arizona State University, which created and is maintaining the Hawai‘i coral website, is providing weekly satellite imagery which helps identify bleaching areas. This information is publicly available on the website.

To report bleaching, go online.

VIDEO DETAILS

Aug. 17, 2019: Swimmers and surfers in Kahalu’u Bay on Hawai’i Island

1:10–2:23: Use Reef-friendly sun protection warning sign

2:24–5:14: Various underwater images of coral reefs

5:25–9:26: Various underwater water images of coral reefs on August 7, 2019 in Hanauma Bay, O’ahu on

Aug. 7, 2019: Kealakekua Bay State Historical Park

9:36–10:22: Kealakekua Bay State Historical Park, bay and snorkelers

10:22–10:51: Dante Leuenberger, Fairwinds Boat Captain

10:51-11:13 Bay and snorkelers

11:13-end Underwater video of boat, snorkelers, coral and fish

RELATED LINKS

NOAA Says Intense Bleaching Event Likely

NOAA Expects ‘Extreme Bleaching Event’