APPLE reportedly uses subsidiaries in Ireland, the Netherlands and other low-tax nations as part of a strategy that enables the technology giant to cut its global tax bill by billions of dollars every year.

The New York Timesoutlined legal methods used by Cupertino, California based Apple to avoid paying billions of dollars in federal and state taxes.

Even though the company is based in California, Apple has set up a small office in Reno, Nevada to collect and invest its profits, according to the report. The corporate tax rate in Nevada is zero. In California, it's 8.84 per cent.

While many major corporations try to reduce their tax bills, technology companies like Apple, Google, Microsoft and others have more options to do so.

That's because some of their revenue comes from digital products or royalties on patents, which makes it easier for them to move profits to tax-friendly states or countries, the New York Times said.

In contrast, it's tougher to shift the collection of profits from the sale of a physical product - like groceries or a car - to a tax-friendly haven.

The 71 technology companies in the S&P 500, including Apple, Google, Yahoo and Dell, reported paying global cash taxes over the past two years at a rate that's, on average, one-third less than other S&P 500 companies, the New York Times said.

Apple has legally allocated about 70 per cent of its profits overseas, where tax rates are often much lower than in the US, according to company filings.

The New York Times cites a study by former Treasury Department economist Martin A. Sullivan that estimates Apple's federal tax bill would have been $2.4 billion higher last year without such tactics.

The newspaper says Apple paid $3.3 billion in cash taxes globally on $34.2 billion in profits last year. That's a tax rate of 9.8 per cent.

In a statement, Apple told the New York Times that it has complied with all laws and accounting rules, and says that its US operations generated nearly $5 billion in federal and state income taxes in the first half of fiscal 2012.

Wall Street analysts predict Apple could earn up to $46.9 billion in its current fiscal year, according to FactSet.