One wonders what goes on in the heads of politicians sometimes. Perhaps not much other than a warped sense of their purpose in life – which for some seems to be to advance themselves rather than advance societal well-being. In recent days, fiscal debates have raged on both sides of the Atlantic. In the US, there is the Trump tax cut debate. The correct progressive response would be to focus on why these cuts will not advance anybody but the rich and will do very little if anything to create new jobs. Unfortunately, prominent Democrats such as the awful Nancy Pelosi have been spouting stuff about the tax cuts increasing the federal deficit and federal debt. At a time, when the Republicans are abandoning the deficit terrorism to advance their own interests, the Democrats seems to be reinforcing the ‘deficits are bad’ narrative. Instead, they could have seized the opportunity to say to the American people – see deficits are fine but the real issue is what we do with them. Pelosi and her ilk seem incapable of adopting that quality of leadership. In the UK, the reality is dawning on the British government that the austerity harvest is anything but what they had hoped it would be. No surprises there. Austerity undermines growth which can easily increase the fiscal deficit when the goal is the opposite. But the way that reality is being handled in the progressive press is pathetic. The UK Guardian, for example, has headlines about ‘black holes’ and is giving oxygen to reports that talk about the deteriorating fiscal situation in the UK. Readers are left with nothing but neoliberalism reinforcement of the ‘deficits are bad’ myth. A shocking indictment of the progressive debate in the UK.



Pelosi seems to think a sequence of inane blogs is how to demonstrate progressive leadership.

For example, over the last few days.

She (or her advisors) can obviously accomplish simple tasks like division – calculating that if total debt is X and the number of Americans is Y then X/Y can be defined. No matter how meaningless the outcome of the calculation is we should at least applaud her arithmetic skill. That seems to be about the extent of her skill base.

And imagine what she will say now that Twitter has doubled our Tweet character limit. Scary really.

But it confirms that Pelosi as a leading Democrat Party politician and spokesperson either has little idea of what she is talking about or is deliberately spreading lies for her own ends.

Either way she should resign immediately and apologise to the American people for being so stupid or so devious – take your pick.

Pelosi was railing against Donald Trump’s tax plan. There are many things a progressive can say about the plan and none of them include any concern about the US federal fiscal deficit or government debt rising.

For example, the plan appears to channel the benefits disproportionately towards corporations and high income earners, and provide little relief for low income Americans, who have been enduring cuts to welfare and flat wages growth for years.

So the tax cuts are unlikely to stimulate spending and jobs but rather bolster profits and private wealth accumulation at the top end.

That should be a concern for progressives. The motivation is nothing to do with ‘envy’ but the damage that inequality does to a society and its economy.

Even the IMF these days has admitted that inequality is bad for growth. It is also bad for democracy because it further tilts the power into the hands of the wealthy, who, arguably, have little need to see general well-being advanced ahead of their own interests.

Quite apart from the moral issues, there are two major and interlinked issues are: (a) economic; and (b) political.

Even if you don’t buy into that value system, it is now clear that the trickle down claims made at the outset of the neo-liberal period are lies.

Please read my blogs – Trickle down economics – the evidence is damning and Inequality and growth and well-being – revolutions have occurred for less – for more discussion on this point.

Rising economic inequality is bad for economic growth. It undermines the capacity for individuals to invest in education, which is the most reliable source of economic development (skill development).

But this is also tied in with the deficit mania.

Those with the highest incomes and wealth spend millions lobbying governments to pressure them to introduce policy structures that perpetuate the inequality.

The lobbyists come from sectors that lead the charge when it comes to berating governments about fiscal deficits and spending on income support for the most disadvantaged people in society etc.

But at the same time they are demanding welfare cuts to the poor, they are also manipulating governments to hand out as much public spending in the form of corporate welfare that goes largely into their own pockets.

And the rest of are largely silent because we have bought the myth that regulation is bad, that welfare for the poor erodes incentives. Pelosi berates Trump for increasing the deficit, thereby reinforcing the narrative that deficits are bad and things that lead to a deficit are to be avoided.

The deficit mania is part of the myth that free market allocations are the most efficient because they respond to the preferences of all consumers.

But it is obvious that a system of allocation that responds to spending will distort the allocations in favour of those who spend the most.

The market is driven by dollar votes. The more one spends the more power one has. So even at the most elementary level the concept of a free market is flawed. There is no such thing. It is preferences backed by cash rather than the latent desires that the market responds to, even in the abstract theoretical models.

But then once the inequality reality is overlaid onto that narrative and we recognise the massive spending that is designed to lobby for particular policy environments, which further distort the market allocations, we realise that the concept of the free market that is taught in economics programs throughout the world is a myth.

It is a convenient metaphor to give the impression that we all have a chance and the market will deliver outcomes according to our efforts.

These are the reasons progressives should oppose Trump’s plan in the US which is masquerading as a jobs plan. The tax cuts will bias the purchasing power gains to the rich who are likely spending as much as they want at present and accumulating the rest in assets.

If we want the US to stimulate more jobs – and there is a dearth of jobs at the lower ends of the pay distribution that would dramatically improve the lives of those unemployed and underemployed – then that requires a boost to aggregate spending (demand).

Tax cuts can do that if they are targetted at the income segments that spend the most – the low income earners.

Handing more funds to the rich will just result in more asset shuffling and casino-like behaviour and do little for the vast majority of Americans.

And – to put a finer point on it – the federal deficit in the US should be higher to improve public infrastructure and generate more low income jobs.

That should be the progressive line. The Democratic Party, long ago, ceased to give voice to those sort of concerns. Their DNA is now firmly neoliberal.

She is not alone though.

Despite government deficits rising after the GFC and the skies remaining firmly above our heads; despite central banks expanding their balance sheets with rather massive asset purchase programs (which effectively have been funding government deficits) and inflation remaining low as have interest rates, there are still economists and commentators out there who perpetuate the mainstream macroeconomics lies.

In the UK in the last few weeks, hysteria has been centred on the latest fiscal estimates. It is enough to straighten one’s wavy hair reading through it all.

For an organisation named the “Institute for Fiscal Studies”, the British-based IFS does a lot of propagandising and less study.

The UK Guardian reported on the latest IFS release (October 30, 2017) with the headline – UK faces new £20bn budget black hole –as it happened – invoking a sense of a live coverage of the unfolding fiscal train wreck that the UK Guardian thought would be attractive to its readers.

Live coverage of cricket matches where balls are bowled and hit on a regular basis or football where balls and kicked and goals scored more or less regularly (unless it is soccer and then you fall to sleep before a score is recorded :-)) might warrant a “as it happened” sort of treatment.

But the “£20bn budget black hole”!

This was the front page feeder for the Guardian (October 30, 2017), evidently trying to invoke an image of Phillip Hammond looking into a “black hole”, although informed readers would know that you do not view such astral phenomena with microscopes.

But precision is not the Guardian’s thing these days.

I sought some expert advice – on black holes not fiscal matters.

NASA answer the question – What is a Black Hole?:

A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can not get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.

Apparently “Black holes do not go around in space eating stars, moons and planets” and “no black hole is close enough to the solar system for Earth to do that”.

So they sound scary, given they are about stars dying and collapsing but informed opinion suggests they are not planet-eating monsters!

But they appear to be relatively benign in fact although the UK Guardian is obviously trying to trigger metaphorical associations that black holes are really bad things – about to explode, dangerous, undesirable, dark places, to be avoided at all costs, a sign of deterioration and all the rest of it.

Once again, we have the so-called independent press just mouthing the press releases that the ideologically-motivated and plain wrong IFS pumped out to make it seem relevant and thus continue to attract funding etc.

The likes of Pelosi would have tweeted about that too – maybe she should broaden her vocabularly and include a few black hole tweets to go with her ‘we are loading debt onto our children’ narrative.

On October 30, 2017, the IFS put out its – Autumn 2017 Budget: options for easing the squeeze – which the UK Guardian wrote:

They show how Philip Hammond is in a real fix if, as seems likely, Britain’s weak productivity growth drives up Britain’s deficit by £20bn by 2020-21 … But where could Hammond raise money from?

It also said that the IFS report is “a grim assessment of the challenge facing ‘Spreadsheet Phil’ Hammond”.

The IFS itself wrote:

It looks like he will face a substantial deterioration in the projected state of the public finances.

The Report starts by noting that:

The key backdrop to all fiscal events in the UK since the financial crisis has been the weak performance of the economy. At the time of the March 2017 Budget, national income per adult was around 15% lower than it would have been had output per adult instead grown by 2% a year (close to the post-war average) since the start of 2008. Despite this historically poor performance, weak growth was forecast to continue.

And obviously, due to the operation of the automatic stabilisers (built-in to fiscal policy) tax revenue is lower because growth continues to be below expectation (flawed estimates) and household incomes are lagging.

What else would you expect from a sequence of Chancellor fiscal decisions since June 2010 that have primarily been aimed at cutting the government deficit and achieving a fiscal surplus at a time that non-government spending has been well below historical strength.

And, with debt levels in the non-government sector being at record levels.

What else would you expect but below par growth, rising pressure on fiscal deficits, and continued weakness in household spending?

The point is that the problem is not the rising deficits. They are just the signal (the canary in the mine) that the underlying fundamentals in the economy are poor.

And to put those fundamentals back in some sort of sustainable balance requires larger discretionary fiscal deficits for extended periods, which is the opposite to the quest for fiscal surpluses.

George Osborne immediately made matters worse in June 2010 (his first fiscal statement) by pursuing austerity. He recanted somewhat in 2012 but still couldn’t bring himself to reverse direction as he should.

The Tory growth strategy was always predicated on more household debt driving spending growth, which they claimed would give the government space to reduce its deficit on the back of higher tax revenue, without compromising growth.

That strategy was never going to deliver on its promise.

Household debt accumulation is finite and cannot be used as an on-going spending growth source in the face of increasing austerity from the government sector.

Recession is the only end-point of that strategy.

Progressives talk about Brexit killing growth but that is just a ruse to vent their spleen about the outpouring of democracy that has allowed Britain to exit the dysfunctional European Union.

The poor growth future was laid out in June 2010 and will continue until the British government accepts the fact that it can spend more to support growth and allow the non-government sector to restructure its balance sheet away from a reliance on debt.

The GFC was an example of a ‘balance sheet recession’, which as I explained in this 2009 blog – Balance sheet recessions and democracy – require fiscal support for the non-governemnt balance sheet restructuring process to be maintained for many years.

Reverting to austerity during the GFC was the worst example of policy incompetence I have ever seen. The Eurozone has been crippled by that incompetence, which is built in to its so-called rules.

But Britain had no such rules. Its policy incompetence just reflected the ideological inanity of the Tories and the progressives that mimicked the same narrative – ‘balanced budgets’; fiscal surpluses, etc.

The IFS Report uses terms like:

1. “substantial deterioration in the projected state of the public finances”.

2. “rosier picture for the public finances”.

3. “greater underlying improvement in the public finances”.

4. “it is possible that the economy, or the public finances, will perform much better than expected.”

All of which are meaningless in the context they are applied.

They only give meaning if one adopts the neoliberal view that deficits are bad and surpluses are good, which, of course, is an erroneous conclusion to draw.

Public finances cannot deteriorate.

Public finances cannot improve.

Public finances cannot perform better or worse.

It is time that we stopped thinking in these terms and understood what the fiscal balance is and what the capacity of the government is in relation to it.

We might start by reading this blog – A voice from the past – budget deficits are neither good nor bad.

Then there is this blog – Time to end the deficits are bad/surpluses are good narrative.

And then the British Labour Party should pay heed to these blogs – Jeremy Corbyn’s ‘New Politics’ must not include lying about fiscal deficits and Seeking zero fiscal deficits is not a progressive endeavour.

The point is that fiscal policy has to be flexible – expanding and contracting its influence on the economy as the spending patterns of the non-government sector relative to real productive capacity require.

The point is that structural fiscal balance has to be sufficient to ensure there is full employment. The only sensible reason for accepting the authority of a national government and ceding currency control to such an entity is that it can work for all of us to advance public purpose.

Once the private sector has made its spending (and saving decisions) based on its expectations of the future, the government has to render those private decisions consistent with the objective of full employment.

So then the national government has a choice – maintain full employment by ensuring there is no spending gap which means that the necessary deficit is defined by this political goal.

It will be whatever is required to close the spending gap. However, it is also possible that the political goals may be to maintain some slack in the economy (persistent unemployment and underemployment) which means that the government deficit will be somewhat smaller and perhaps even, for a time, a fiscal surplus will be possible.

But the second option would introduce fiscal drag (deflationary forces) into the economy which will ultimately cause firms to reduce production and income and drive the fiscal outcome towards increasing deficits.

Ultimately, the spending gap is closed by the automatic stabilisers because falling national income ensures that that the leakages (saving, taxation and imports) equal the injections (investment, government spending and exports) so that the sectoral balances hold (being accounting constructs).

But at that point, the economy will support lower employment levels and rising unemployment. The fiscal balance will also be in deficit – but in this situation, the deficits will be what I call ‘bad’ deficits. Deficits driven by a declining economy and rising unemployment.

So fiscal sustainability requires that the government fills the spending gap with ‘good’ deficits at levels of economic activity consistent with full employment.

Fiscal sustainability cannot be defined independently of full employment.

Once the link between full employment and the conduct of fiscal policy is abandoned, we are effectively admitting that we do not want government to take responsibility of full employment (and the equity advantages that accompany that end).

As the famous US macroeconomists Gardner Ackley wrote:

Some deficits are good; some are bad. Prohibiting them, or make them more difficult, not only limits the ability of the government to stabilize the economy, but can be positively destabilizing.

That should allow you to see that talking about a rising deficit as a “deterioration” and a falling deficit as being a “rosier outlook” has no context or meaning.

It is just a statement of mainstream biases which are erroneous.

In the current UK climate, IFSs ‘rosier’ outlook is, in fact, a sign of policy failure. And the deteriorating outlook is because the government is allowing the automatic stabilisers to dominate in a lower than expected growth situation, driven by the austerity stance of the government.

Policy mistakes all round.

Conclusion

The Labour Party, Democrats, Greens and all the rest of those with alleged progressive intent should stop thinking in terms of the deficits are bad frame.

Or the deficits are okay sometimes frame.

Or that we have to run surpluses to offset deficits over some cycle frame.

They should be focusing on advancing well-being and creating full employment and the deficits will take care of themselves – at whatever level is necessary to achieve those things.

Which might be a surplus for some nations depending on the state of their external sector and the private domestic sector’s saving aspirations.

Who would have thought that.

And I haven’t even written about the Paradise Papers yet – it is difficult to get my head around the stupidity of the Left who are focusing on getting money from the rich who are hiding it in tax havens (many of which are created by the nations themselves that are ‘losing’ the tax revenue) so that the government can have more money to spend on services to the poor.

That level of inanity surpasses Pelosi’s brain dead Twitter interventions.

That is enough for today!

(c) Copyright 2017 William Mitchell. All Rights Reserved.