The proposal is the latest in a series of detailed plans that have helped Ms. Warren stand out in the early months of the race for the Democratic presidential nomination. Together, her collection of plans amounts to a formidable policy platform that she can draw on in the first Democratic debate on Wednesday.

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The plan comes at a time when protecting voting rights is a priority for Democrats, after Republicans in recent years have enacted new voting restrictions in many states. Democratic lawmakers in states like New York have pushed to expand access to the ballot box, and in Congress, the Democratic-controlled House passed an ambitious voting rights and anticorruption bill in March, though it has no hope of passage in the Republican-controlled Senate.

Other Democratic presidential candidates, including Senators Cory Booker of New Jersey and Michael Bennet of Colorado, as well as former Representative Beto O’Rourke of Texas, have also issued proposals about voting rights.

Elections in the United States are run in a decentralized manner, with rules and procedures that vary on the state and local level. Ms. Warren is calling for the federal government to play a much larger role, creating new standards for federal elections that states would need to follow.

Her proposals would likely face resistance from state election officials who may very well bristle at the idea of being ordered by the federal government to overhaul how they conduct their elections. The Warren campaign provided a letter from six law professors laying out the legal power that would make her plan possible. “In sum, Congress has broad authority to enact election reforms that require states to alter the way they currently administer federal elections,” the letter said.