This is Volume 2 of 2.

This is the reference manual for the Apple IIc personal computer. It contains detailed descriptions of all of the hardware and firmware that make up the Apple IIc. The manual is divided into two volumes: Volume I contains all the chapters; Volume II contains the appendixes.



This manual contains a lot of information about the way the Apple IIc works, but it doesn't tell you how to use the Apple IIc. For this, you should read the other Apple IIc manuals, especially the Apple IIc Interactive Owner's Manual.

This manual describes the internal operation of the Apple IIc as completely as possible in a single reference work. The criterion for deciding to include an item of information was whether it would help an assembly-language programmer or hardware designer.

Contents of This Manual

This manual presents first the physical characteristics of the Apple IIc (Chapter 1), then the hardware locations and firmware that control memory management and input/output (Chapters 2 through 10), and finally the electrical and electronic implementation of those capabilities (Chapter 11). The appendixes contain summary tables and information comparing other Apple products to the Apple IIc.

Chapter 1 identifies the main physical features of the Apple IIc.

Chapter 2 presents an overview of the 65C02 microprocessor (whose instruction set appears in Appendix A), and then discusses the processor's address space, what it contains, and how to control it.

Chapter 3 is an introduction to Chapters 4 through 9. It describes the common characteristics of input/output processing. Chapters 4 through 9 then discuss the kinds of devices—both built-in and attachable—that the Apple IIc supports:

Keyboard and speaker (Chapter 4)

Video display (Chapter 5)

Disk drives (Chapter 6)

Serial port 1 for printers and plotters (Chapter 7)

Serial port 2 for modems and other communication devices (Chapter 8)

Mouse and hand controls, including game paddles and joysticks (Chapter 9)

Chapter 10 is a brief tutorial on how to use the Monitor firmware to disassemble and debug machine-language programs, and manipulate memory contents.

Chapter 11 is a detailed description of the hardware that implements the features described in earlier chapters. This information is included primarily for programmers, but it will also help you if you just want to understand more about the way the Apple IIc works.

Additional reference material appears in the appendixes.

Appendix A is the manufacturer's description of the 65C02 instruction set, including 27 new instructions available on the CMOS version of the 65C02 used in the Apple IIc.

Appendix B is a memory map of the Apple IIc, including detailed tables of page zero, page three, the screen holes, and the hardware page.

Appendix C lists the published firmware entry points, arranged by address, and indicates where in the manual they are described. The list of I/O firmware (pages $C1 through $CF) and Monitor firmware (pages $F0 through $FF). For Applesoft interpreter firmware (pages $D0 through $EF), refer to the Applesoft BASIC Reference Manual (in two volumes).

Appendix D discusses the operating systems and languages that run on the Apple IIc.

Appendix E describes how to use the Apple IIc's interrupt handling capabilities.

Appendix F contains an overview of the differences among the Apple II series computers.

Appendix G contains the keyboard layouts, code conversion tables, and external power supply characteristics of USA and international models of the Apple IIc.

Appendix H contains reference tables for code and number base conversion.

Appendix I contains a listing code for the Monitor, enhanced video firmware, and input/output firmware contained in the Apple IIc. The listings do not include the built-in Applesoft interpreter, which is discussed in the Applesoft BASIC Programmer's Reference Manual.

The bibliography lists articles and books containing additional information about the Apple IIc and related products.

The glossary defines many of the technical terms used in this manual.