Canadian mining company Rusoro Mining Ltd. became the latest North American multinational to ask for court orders holding the U.S. refining unit of Venezuela’s state-owned oil company liable for arbitration judgments against the South American country.

Rusoro filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court in Houston on Monday seeking to put Citgo Petroleum Corp. on the hook for a $1.4 billion damages award surrounding former Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez’s 2012 nationalization of several gold mining projects.

Creditors...