A survey of the world's most congested cities doesn't have any Canadian cities in the top 20 — but Montreal is the Canadian city where drivers spend the longest time in traffic jams.

The transportation analytics firm Inrix puts Los Angeles at the top of its list — drivers there spent, on average, 104 hours a year stuck in traffic during peak hours.

Moscow ranked second, at 91 hours, and New York City was third, at 89.

The U.S. has five cities ranked in the top 10 — San Francisco, Bogota, Sao Paulo, London, Atlanta, Paris and Miami round out the top 10.

Montreal ranked 23rd — its drivers spend an average of 52 hours a year stuck in traffic. Montreal placed 30th last year.

Toronto ranked 38th, and Vancouver ranked 76th.

Being stuck in traffic cost the average U.S. driver $1,400 last year and nearly $300 billion for all drivers nationwide, Inrix said.

Study authors said a stable U.S. economy, continued urbanization of big cities, employment growth and low gas prices all contributed to increased traffic and congestion worldwide in 2016, lowering the quality of life.

-With files from Canadian Press.