But by signing both proposals into law last week, Michigan’s GOP-controlled state legislature has prevented them from being put to the voters — while also giving lawmakers a straightforward path to derailing them.

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In Michigan, overturning a ballot referendum once it is approved by the voters requires a three-fourths majority of the legislature. By passing the measures now and scrapping the ballot referendum, Michigan lawmakers can instead undo them through a simple majority vote. Lawmakers have vowed to take up the proposals in the lame-duck session this fall, before they are scheduled to take effect.

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“I’m angry. I’m really angry,” said Pease, 47. “It’s not just that I had a vested interest in this. But the point was to go to the people, and now they have circumvented our vote. They have taken away our vote.”

The fight over Michigan’s paid family leave and minimum-wage policy reflects broader battles occurring in several states and cities across the country, as progressive groups have tried turning to public ballot initiatives to get around deadlocked or GOP-controlled legislatures.

Those efforts have often run aground. In Arizona, teachers’ organizations had hoped to win higher pay through a ballot measure that would have raised their salaries by taxing the rich. But Arizona’s highest court blocked the ballot initiative in a ruling in late August.

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“Paid sick leave, minimum-wage hikes, higher taxes on the rich for teachers — these are all overwhelmingly popular among both Democratic and Republican voters,” Saru Jayaraman, an academic at the University of California at Berkeley and co-founder of Restaurant Opportunities Centers United, which has pushed raising the wage for tipped workers. “Ballot measures are the greatest path to allow working people to move the issues they believe in, but they’re being subverted.”

The Michigan minimum-wage hike would have gradually increased it to $12 an hour by 2022 and upped the tipped wage from its current rate of about $3.50. The paid-sick-leave plan would require employers to pay for their employees' time off.

Business groups opposed to both measures cheered the vote, saying they had pushed lawmakers in both parties to approve the measure they ultimately hoped to defeat. Charlie Owens, of the National Federation of Independent Business, said approving the plans were necessary to avoid “an impossible hurdle that would have left us stuck” with the proposals.

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“It’s confusing, because we’re opposed to the proposals, so we asked the legislature to vote for them,” Owens said. Owens pointed to research he said showed servers make less money when the tipped wage is increased, a claim contested by liberal groups.

Michigan state lawmakers are not saying exactly how they plan to change either plan but acknowledge the purpose of their vote Wednesday was to stop the public from ratifying the proposed ballot initiatives. Attempts to change the laws before the end of the legislative session may throw the battle to the courts, as one group has already vowed to sue if the legislation heads to the courts.

“The Senate adopted the policy to preserve the ability for this legislature and future legislatures to amend the statute to better fit our state and our economy,” Arlan B. Meekhof, the state senate's Republican majority leader, said in a statement. “The Senators heard from restaurant employees who fear they will earn less under the proposal and business owners who are concerned that they may have to reduce payroll in order to meet these new mandates. The Senate will be looking at options to improve the policies in the coming months.”

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Twenty-one Democrats in the state’s lower chamber voted for the measure, according to the Detroit News, while six state Republicans voted against it. State Sen. Patrick Colbeck (R), one of the no votes, said conservative policymakers should have had the courage to take their fight to the voters and win in November.