Applying an indicator-based approach, this report identifies the tax policy challenges faced by the EU’s Member States. First, it examines the role that taxation can play in addressing consolidation needs and explores ways to make tax structures more growth-friendly. The tax burden on labour in the EU is relatively high. Reducing this burden, for example by shifting to other revenue bases less detrimental to growth, can have positive consequences on growth and employment.

Second, it takes an in-depth look at the size of tax bases, analysing housing taxation, the debt bias in corporate taxation, tax expenditures in direct taxation and the VAT base.

The report also assesses three specific areas of tax policy - environmental taxes, tax compliance and governance, and the link between the tax system and income equality - and points to opportunities to improve them.

Prepared jointly by the European Commission's Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs and the Directorate General for Taxation and Customs Union ‘Tax Reforms in EU Member States’ is an annual review of the most important tax reforms recently implemented by EU governments.

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