Author notes

These authors contributed equally: Diana Matheoud, Tyler Cannon These authors jointly supervised this work: Heidi M. McBride, Samantha Gruenheid, Louis-Eric Trudeau, Michel Desjardins

Affiliations

Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Diana Matheoud, Ahmed M. Fahmy, Annie Laplante, Romain Cayrol & Michel Desjardins Département de Neurosciences, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Diana Matheoud Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Tyler Cannon, Lei Zhu & Samantha Gruenheid Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Département de Neurosciences, GRSNC, Faculté de Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Aurore Voisin, Anna-Maija Penttinen, Lauriane Ramet, Charles Ducrot, Marie-Josée Bourque & Louis-Eric Trudeau Département de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Infectiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Armelle Le Campion Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Heidi M. McBride

Contributions

D.M. and T.C. helped conceive and perform most experiments. A.V., A.-M.P. and L.R. performed brain and neuron analyses and behavioural tests. C.D., A.L., M.-J.B. and L.Z. helped with the mice and some experiments. H.M.M., S.G., L.-E.T. and M.D. conceived the experiments, analysed the results and supervised the project. D.M., T.C., H.M.M., S.G., L.-E.T. and M.D. wrote the manuscript. D.M. and T.C. contributed equally. Figure 1a–e was performed by T.C. Image analysis (Fig. 1f, g) was performed by D.M. (D.M. and T.C. for Fig. 1h). In vivo infections were performed by L.Z. Faecal counts and spleen index (Fig. 2a, b) were performed by T.C. MitAP and CD8+ ELISPOT in Fig. 2c–f were performed by D.M. and T.C. All FACS analyses were performed by D.M. and A.L.C. Central nervous system tissue was obtained by A.-M.P. ELISPOT were performed by D.M. and T.C. For Fig. 3f–h, neuron cultures were made by M.-J.B. and C.D. FACS and MitAP assays for Fig. 3f–h were performed by D.M. Neuron cultures (Fig. 3i) were performed by L.R. and A.V. Co-culture experiments were performed by L.R., A.V. and D.M., and cell viability analyses were performed by L.R. and A.V. (Fig. 3i). Behavioural tests (Fig. 4a–c) were performed by D.M., T.C. and L.R. Perfusions (Fig. 4) were performed by A.V. TH staining and neuronal counts (Fig. 4d–f) were performed by A.-M.P. and A.V. Western blots were performed by T.C. and A.F. Bacterial counts and ELISAs (Extended Data Fig. 2a, d, e) were performed by T.C. Pathology scoring (Extended Data Fig. 2b, c) was performed by R.C. Blood cytokine analyses were performed by A.-M.P. Infection phenotyping (Extended Data Fig. 4) was performed by D.M., T.C., A.F., A.L., L.Z. and S.G. FACS staining and analysis for Extended Data Fig. 5 were performed by D.M. and A.L.C. Experiments in Extended Data Fig. 6 were performed by D.M. Quantification of T cell numbers (Extended Data Fig. 7) was performed by D.M. FACS staining and analysis (Extended Data Fig. 8) were performed by D.M. and A.L.C. Co-culture experiments for Extended Data Fig. 9 were performed by L.R. Behaviour experiments for Extended Data Fig. 10 were performed by D.M., T.C. and L.R., and perfusions were made by A.V. TH staining and neuron counts were performed by A.V. and A.-M.P. Experiments in Extended Data Fig. 10e were performed by A.-M.P. ELISPOT analysis (Extended Data Fig. 10f) was performed by D.M. and T.C. Videos were performed by T.C.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Heidi M. McBride or Samantha Gruenheid or Louis-Eric Trudeau or Michel Desjardins.