The executive summary provides a short overview of the European space economy and its funding landscape and summarises the findings and recommendations of the study. The study reviews access-to-finance conditions met by companies active in the European space sector and proposes potential solutions to improve them. One of the principal objectives of this study is to analyse how public funds in the

EU could be deployed to attract private investment and otherwise catalyse the development of the sector, considering also that such public funding should be entitled to achieve adequate returns. The study further explores how soft measures and advisory services could help promote private investment in the sector. Space is an important driver of innovation in Europe. While space used to be synonymous with government spending, today the sector sees the emergence of new private actors who see commercial opportunities in space exploration and exploitation. The study presents a number of recommendations and potential policy actions. One particular recommendation is to establish a Space Finance Forum: by bringing together the expertise of financial, industrial and academic stakeholders, we believe we will be able to explore and pilot new funding mechanisms and thereby catalyse private investment in the sector. The study was carried out by InnovFin Advisory in collaboration with the European Investment Advisory Hub, with the support of SpaceTec Partners.