PARIS — The plush red velvet seats of France’s National Assembly are filled with lawmakers who owe just about everything to President Emmanuel Macron.

Three-quarters of the 577 members are brand new, swept into power in the wake of his election last year. More than 60 percent are in his camp. Nearly one-third have never held public office, and 38 were under the age of 31 when they entered office.

They are perfect foot soldiers for a president with an expansive notion of power and the revolutionary aim of wrenching France’s society and economy into the 21st century. With the assembly firmly in his control, Mr. Macron has had almost unchecked authority to carry out his agenda, even as critics fret that he is building a fawning cult of personality.

On Thursday, tens of thousands of railway workers, teachers and air traffic controllers went on strike across France to protest salary freezes for civil servants and Mr. Macron’s pledge to cut 120,000 public-sector jobs and introduce merit-based pay and use more private contractors.