The agreement also requires that ZTE submit to a 3-year probation period that has an independent monitor verifying its export practices. Accordingly, ZTE has to cooperate with the Justice Department if there's ever a criminal investigation into its behavior. No individual has been charged, but ZTE had to let go of four employees to honor the agreement.

While this isn't exactly a soft penalty, it's clear that the US was eager to avoid upholding its sanctions against ZTE. China was angry at the accusations in the first place, and imposing restrictions on ZTE risked sparking a trade war that could have limited American firms' access to China. Whatever the US would have gained by hobbling ZTE's business likely wouldn't have been worth the larger economic consequences.