AmaBhungane reveals new evidence that Brian Molefe helped the Guptas grab a mine – and how Jacob Zuma shafted the then mining minister after, he says, he refused to play along.

JOHANNESBURG - Former Mining Minister Ngoako Ramatlhodi has made damning new allegations that Eskom chief executive Brian Molefe and chair Ben Ngubane effectively pressed him to blackmail resources giant Glencore.

When he did not comply, he says, President Jacob Zuma fired him within weeks.

At the time the Gupta family were angling to buy Optimum, the coal mine that supplies Eskom’s Hendrina power station.

Glencore, which then owned Optimum, had placed it into business rescue in August after Molefe refused to renegotiate the price of a long-term supply contract and reinstated a disputed R2.17-billion penalty that Optimum supposedly owed for supplying substandard coal.

Speaking from Limpopo on Friday, Ramatlhodi, then Minister of Mineral Resources, said he met with Molefe and Ngubane at the latter’s insistence.

At the meeting, they allegedly demanded that he suspend all Glencore’s mining licences in South Africa, pending the payment of the R2.17-billion penalty.

Eskom had tried to issue a legal summons for the penalty on 5 August 2015, but Optimum’s business rescue practitioners, appointed only the day before, batted away the claim, citing legislation which restricts new claims once a company is in business rescue.

Glencore maintained the Hendrina contract was losing it R100 million a month and it could no longer support the losses.

Business rescue, an alternative to liquidation, puts independent managers in charge in an attempt to save a company.

Ramatlhodi told amaBhungane: “They insisted that I must suspend all the Glencore mining licences pending the payment of the R2 billion… You must remember that the country was undergoing load-shedding at that time. I said to them: how many mines do these people have supplying Eskom? How many more outages are we going to have?”

A suspension of all of Glencore’s licenses would have brought Glencore’s 14 coal operations to a standstill and risked the jobs of its 35,000 employees in South Africa. At the time Glencore supplied roughly 14% of Eskom’s coal needs, including virtually all of the coal for the Hendrina power station.

Ramatlhodi said Ngubane was very insistent, but he refused: “I said I’m not going to shut the mines.”

He said Ngubane then told him that he would have to report on their meeting to President Jacob Zuma straightaway as the president needed to be in the know before leaving on a foreign trip.

Ngoako Ramatlhodi. Picture: GCIS.

On 2 September 2015, Zuma arrived in China for a commemoration of victory over the Nazis in World War II. There he was due to meet Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Ramatlhodi said he was removed as mines minister shortly after Zuma’s return.

Zuma announced unexpectedly on 22 September that year that Mosebenzi Zwane, a Free State politician linked to the Guptas, would replace Ramatlhodi.

Zuma moved Ramatlhodi to public service and administration at the time, but fired him along with Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan and other members of his Cabinet earlier this year.

Eskom board spokesperson Khulani Qoma has vehemently rejected Ramatlhodi’s allegations.

"It makes absolutely no sense that a mere chairman and group chief executive can exert 'pressure' on a sitting minister in an effort to subordinate him to their will. This is a desperate allegation, devoid of logic, and all fair-minded citizens will find it impossible to believe it.

“In the desperation to drive these outlandish allegations, the president's name will always be used.

“Did amaBhungane bother to find out why he waited so long before he went public with his allegations or are you interested in the sensational nature of the allegations made?”

Mosebenzi Zwane. Picture: AFP.

HIJACKING

However, Ramatlhodi’s allegations add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that the Guptas’ R2-billion buyout of Optimum should rank among South Africa’s most audacious business hijackings.

AmaBhungane has pieced together the claims of how the family used its network of corporate and political pawns to strong-arm Glencore, the world’s toughest commodity trader, into a forced sale – and then syphon off millions in state-owned company contracts to pay the bill.

AmaBhungane has established that Trillian – the financial advisory group owned by the Guptas’ inseparable business partner Salim Essa – received almost R300 million from Eskom during 2016 supposedly for consulting and advisory work, including a R30-million payment from Eskom on the day the Gupta consortium was due to pay for the mine. (See part two on Thursday: Did Lynne Brown lie to parliament?)

According to former Public Protector Thuli Madonsela's State of Capture report, the Trillian group, which had only been properly established on 1 March 2016, contributed a staggering R235 million towards the Optimum purchase price paid over on 14 April 2016.

Trillian has denied making any contribution towards buying Optimum, but has also refused to comment on the payments received from Eskom, claiming client confidentiality.

The story of the Optimum “heist” goes to the heart of four interlocking legal battles that have started to peel back the truth of claims of a grand Gupta conspiracy.

It also sets out the case that Molefe, Eskom’s peek-a-boo chief executive, must answer.

First, there is Madonsela’s _State of Capture _report, whose recommendation of a deeper judicial probe into state capture has been stymied by Zuma.

The president wants a court to review and overturn the public protector’s findings.

Madonsela’s report led to Molefe’s resignation, but its juicy details seemed to disappear beneath the wake of a churning news cycle – until his reinstatement placed the evidence squarely at issue again.

FILE: President Jacob Zuma and Atul Gupta. Picture: GCIS.

Second, there is a suit and counter-suit between Trillian and rival consulting firm Regiments Capital. Essa, the Gupta associate, poached Regiments rainmaker Eric Wood to become Trillian’s chief executive.

Third, there is a bid by Trillian to target a former Trillian executive turned whistleblower. Trillian has laid criminal charges and launched a civil suit against the whistleblower, who had made a set of disclosures to Madonsela’s investigators.

In terms of an order by the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration, where she is claiming a constructive dismissal, the whistleblower may not be named.

Finally, there is an investigation by prominent advocate Geoff Budlender, appointed by Trillian chair Tokyo Sexwale, to conduct an internal probe of some of the state capture allegations.

AmaBhungane has woven together strands of information from these cases, combined with other independent sources, to put together a picture of the Guptas’ mine grab.

THE SQUEEZE

To understand what happened, we need to go back to 17 April 2015, the day it was announced that Molefe, then chief executive of Transnet, would be seconded to take over at Eskom.

At the time Eskom and Glencore were in the final stages of a deal to reprice the coal supply agreement under which Optimum supplied the Hendrina power station.

Optimum had a long term “fixed-price” contract with Eskom that had become unaffordable.

In 2013 already Optimum had triggered a hardship clause of the contract, claiming that it was losing R166 per ton of coal, which would cost the company R881 million in losses in that year alone.

By the time Molefe arrived in April 2015, Eskom had carried out an audit of the business and agreed to a price increase that would see Optimum supply Hendrina “at cost” until December 2018. All that was left was for the Eskom board to approve the deal.

By this time Eskom had a new board, appointed late the previous year, to which Essa and the Guptas enjoyed an astonishing level of connection. This included their acknowledged friendship with Molefe and the presence of Mark Pamensky, who was also a director of the Guptas’ Oakbay Resources and Energy.

The board did not approve the repriced deal. Instead, the matter was referred back to Molefe, the new chief executive. That is when Glencore’s headache really began.

On 18 May 2015, Molefe told Optimum that Eskom would not be concluding any deal and would continue enforcing the existing coal supply agreement.

Optimum replied to Molefe four days later, stating that if Eskom persisted in its position, Glencore would be forced to place the mine into business rescue.

But Molefe shut the door. On 10 June he wrote back, unilaterally terminating the settlement process and reinstating the price and coal quality provisions of the Hendrina agreement.

Glencore appeared desperate to reach a solution. Global chief executive Ivan Glasenberg travelled to South Africa to meet with Molefe, before tabling a below-cost offer on 30 June 2015 that would see Eskom paying R300 per ton until December 2018.

Eskom was unmoved.

Glencore's Ivan Glasenberg. Picture: AFP.

THE APPROACH - AND THE SQUEEZE IS TIGHTENED

The next day, 1 July, Glencore received a letter from auditors KPMG tabling a R2-billion offer for Optimum on behalf of clients wishing to remain anonymous. Later it would emerge that the anonymous clients were the Guptas.

Glencore demurred, telling KPMG that Optimum was not for sale.

Two weeks later Eskom’s lawyers wrote to Optimum telling it that Eskom was reinstating a R2.17-billion penalty dating back to March 2012, when Optimum’s coal allegedly started failing to meet Eskom’s required quality.

This was the last straw for Glencore, whose board on 31 July decided to place Optimum in business rescue.

But the Gupta axis was also busy.

On 2 August, Molefe and Ajay Gupta spoke on the phone, according to Madonsela’s State of Capture report. This was the first of 78 telephonic contacts between Molefe and the Gupta brothers or their lieutenants between August 2015 and April 2016 which the Public Protector enumerated.

Molefe has never provided an explanation for these contacts, which took place when Eskom, Glencore and the Guptas were locked in a furious battle over the future of Optimum.

AmaBhungane invited him to provide his version of events, but he did not respond.

On 3 August 2015, the Department of Mineral Resources suspended Optimum’s mining licence, accusing the company of illegally retrenching employees.

The next day Piers Marsden and Peter van der Steen were appointed as joint business rescue practitioners, meaning that Glencore also gave up management control of the company.

The move was in the nick of time.

On 5 August Eskom served a legal summons on Optimum demanding R 2,176,530,611.99 – but now the business rescue practitioners wrote back, pointing out that no legal proceedings could be instituted against a company in business rescue without the consent of the practitioners or a court.

Coincidently that same morning Molefe was in Saxonwold, cell mast records accessed by the Public Protector showed.

AmaBhungane pointed out to Molefe on Friday that a reasonable person might deduce that these were instances where he was in contact with the Gupta family, and invited him to provide an alternative narrative.

He has previously avoided doing so, suggesting he could theoretically have been attending the now fabled “Saxonwold Shebeen”. Our invitation to Molefe went unanswered.

Eskom CEO Brian Molefe. Picture: Reinart Toerien/EWN.

Although the game had changed now that Optimum was in business rescue, Eskom still had a powerful bargaining chip – in 2008 Optimum Coal Holdings, through which Glencore owned Optimum, gave Eskom a guarantee that if Optimum went into liquidation before the end of the coal contract in 2018, the holding company would step in and cover the costs.

Even with less than three years left on the contract, the guarantee could have cost the holding company several billion rand, quickly wiping out the other valuable assets in the group.

In short, Optimum’s only option was to negotiate with Eskom. But Molefe, it turned out, was not in the mood to negotiate.

On 7 August 2015, four days after his department had caused operations to be suspended at Optimum, Ramathlodi may have set the scene for his removal by reinstating Glencore's mining licence for Optimum.

Following that, according to Madonsela’s report, there was a flurry of contact between Molefe and the Saxonwold gang.

On 13 August, Molefe and Gupta executive Nazeem Howa communicated on the phone. On 17, 18 and 23 August Molefe was in Saxonwold. On 24 August Molefe and Howa were in contact four times.

Nazeem Howa. Picture: Supplied.

By this time the war of attrition had escalated. Eskom had fallen behind paying Optimum for the Hendrina coal supply and the business rescue practitioners had in turn temporarily suspended coal deliveries to Hendrina.

On 28 August Molefe was in Saxonwold again and a few days later, around 1 September, he and Eskom chair Ngubane allegedly met with Ramatlhodi to try to persuade him to shut down Glencore’s other mines. Ramathlodi refused.

Three weeks later he was gone.

TREASURY COUP & TRILLIAN KNOWLEDGE

In the following months, the Guptas were busy shopping around for a new finance minister, according to Madonsela’s report, while they were also facing competition from another bidder for Optimum.

The other bidder secured pole position by offering better terms than the Guptas, but by 23 October 2015, the business rescue practitioners were ready to negotiate with the Gupta consortium again.

According to an amaBhungane source close to the process, the other bidder pulled out after one meeting with Eskom.

On that same day, 23 October, came the alleged stunt that may have unravelled the whole plan.

Following an approach by Zuma’s son Duduzane, then deputy Finance Minister Mcebisi Jonas made his fateful visit to Saxonwold.

Jonas says he was offered the Finance Minister position and a bribe. The Guptas deny this.

Jonas maintains he rejected the alleged offer and informed both then Finance Minister Nhlanhla Nene and his predecessor Pravin Gordhan about the incident.

It is at this point that the Trillian whistleblower’s claims find traction, as she records how Wood, who was then still working for Regiments, was allegedly intimately aware of the Guptas’ plans.

In her statement to the Public Protector she alleges: “On 26th October 2015, I was informed by my direct line manager, Eric Wood at Regiments Capital that the president of the Republic of South Africa was going to replace the finance minister: Nhlanhla Nene. He subsequently sent me an email outlining national treasury's new initiatives and his proposed fees for each initiative which he had drafted.”

Wood had earlier the same morning sent a similar email to Essa, the Guptas’ right-hand man, with a note saying, “Hi Salim... As discussed, I have quickly jotted down a few points for the FM…”

Four days later, on 30 October 2015, the man Zuma was to appoint as Finance Minister in December 2015 – Des van Rooyen – made his first appearance at Saxonwold, according to cell mast records obtained by the Public Protector.

Wood himself confirmed that the reference to "FM" in his email was a reference to the minister of finance, but in his affidavit delivered in the litigation between Trillian and Regiments, he insisted that he was referring to Nene, not Van Rooyen.

Nene, in a response to the Sunday Times earlier this year, denied he had discussed any such initiatives with Wood.

KOKO & DMR UP THE ANTE

During November, Eskom’s newly appointed group executive for generation, Matshela Koko, appeared to push the business rescue practitioners to do a deal, warning: “It may also be an appropriate time for Eskom to review the engagement with Glencore from a portfolio perspective.”

He pointed out that they had “an offer on the table” – from the Gupta consortium bidding for Optimum.

On 24 November 2015 Koko chaired a meeting with the business rescue practitioners and Gupta representatives.

Out of the blue Koko announced that Eskom believed that the Optimum coal mine would be financially viable only with the added benefit of Optimum Coal Terminal and Koornfontein coal mine to support it.

The coal export terminal and Koornfontein mine were profitable and were not in business rescue.

They were owned, like the Optimum mine, by Glencore, under the umbrella of Optimum Coal Holdings, but up to that point all negotiations were solely about the ring-fenced, loss-making Optimum mine.

FILE: Matshela Koko. Picture: eskom.co.za

Koko now told the meeting that Eskom would support the sale but only if the deal was done at the Optimum Coal Holdings level, including the two lucrative assets that Glencore was not keen to part with.

Koko insisted that he needed an answer by the weekend.

That weekend, beginning on Saturday, 28 November 2015, inspectors from the Department of Mineral Resources, now under the control of Zwane, allegedly began visiting Glencore's other mines, carrying out inspections for non-compliance.

The department failed to respond to specific questions about this.

That Sunday, 29 November, Zwane boarded a commercial flight to Dubai.

On Monday, 30 November, Koko met the business rescue practitioners and Glencore's local chief executive Clinton Ephron at Eskom’s Megawatt Park.

Ephron appeared to call Eskom’s bluff.

It is understood that Ephron was sick of being bullied and told Koko that Glencore would take Optimum out of business rescue and fund the losses until the end of the contract in 2018.

The sale was off.

ZWANE, GLENCORE AND THE GUPTAS REACH A DEAL

According to an amaBhungane source familiar with the events, the plan was to tell the consortium of banks holding some R2 billion in Optimum debt that the sale was off and that Glencore would settle the debt itself, but required more time.

The message never made it through.

It is understood Ephron cancelled the meeting after receiving a call telling him to head directly to the airport to fly to Switzerland.

That same day, Zwane also boarded a commercial flight from Dubai to Zurich.

Madonsela recorded in her report: “Minister Zwane did in fact meet with Mr Glasenberg in Switzerland at the Dolder Hotel around 30 November 2015 to 5 December 2015. The other individuals present during said meeting/s was Mr Rajesh (Tony) Gupta) as well as Mr Essa.”

On 7 December Zwane boarded a commercial flight from Dubai to Johannesburg. It is unclear how he got to Dubai from Zurich, as the _State of Capture _report revealed he did not use the commercial ticket his department had paid for.

On 8 December Van Rooyen was in the vicinity of Saxonwold. On 9 December he was appointed Finance Minister.

On that day, according to the Trillian whistleblower statement, she was informed that opportunities from National Treasury and state-owned companies would be channelled Trillian’s way.

But, instead, there was massive pushback from the markets, business and from within the ANC.

On 14 December 2015, Zuma was forced to backtrack and replace van Rooyen with Gordhan.

Nevertheless, that same day the business rescue practitioners announced that a Gupta company had bought Optimum Coal Holdings for R2.1 billion.

The Guptas had got their mine – now they just had to find a way to pay for it. (For that story, see part two on Thursday)

Glencore declined to comment for this story.

The Gupta family and their corporate representatives have previously made it clear that they will no longer respond to amaBhungane.

Eskom board spokesman Qoma said: “All the matters raised by the State of Capture report have not been probed and therefore citing these as though they are legally legitimate, the requirement for a constitutional democracy, is absurd and dangerous. Also important to note that the Public Protector failed to ask for Molefe's version, which is in contravention of the Public Protector's Act.”

The amaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism, an independent non-profit, produced this story. Like it? Be an amaB supporter to help it do more. Sign up for its newsletter to get more.