An administrative law judge has recommended that the exclusive, all-male Bohemian Club, of which President Reagan is a member, should not be required to hire female employees at its woodland retreat 70 miles north of San Francisco.

The State Fair Employment and Housing Commission has 100 days to accept or reject Judge Robert Kendall's decision, which was made public today.

If the final decision goes against the club, an appeal may be made.

Faced with a discrimination charge last year, the club protested that the commission had no jurisdiction because the State and Federal Constitutions protected private associations.

In a two-pronged decision, Judge Kendall found that the club did discriminate against hiring women, but that there was a ''legitimate defense'' to it.