Non-tenure-track academics experience stress, anxiety, and depression due to their insecure job situation, according to the first survey of its kind published in the open-access journal Frontiers in Psychology.

There were 1.4 to 1.5 million contingent faculty workers in the USA, according to a report by the American Association of University Professors. These faculty members, such as research adjunct faculty, lecturers and instructors, are off the so-called "tenure track". They work under short-term contracts with limited health and retirement benefits, often part-time and at different institutes simultaneously. Among them, women, African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans are overrepresented.

Gretchen Reevy from California State University and Grace Deason from the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, USA, used extensive self-report questionnaires to survey almost 200 non-tenure-track academics - mainly from medium-sized universities in the USA, and of whom around two-thirds were women. Questions focused on work-related sources of stress, mental wellbeing, and coping mechanisms, as well as about their background, family situation, and income.

Almost one-third of the participants (31%) replied that the lack of job security was among the most stressful aspects of their work. Other frequently named sources of stress were a high workload; lack of support and recognition; low and unequal pay; and feeling excluded from the infrastructure and governance at their institute .

Non-tenure track faculty who wished for a permanent position, or whose family income was low, were more prone to depression, anxiety, and stress. They were also more likely to suffer from these if they felt personally committed to the institution where they worked. On average, women reported encountering more sources of stress at work than men.

The authors call on universities to attend more to the specific needs of their non-tenure-track faculty to avoid negative outcomes for institutions, students, and faculty. Suggestions include alleviating the sources of stress listed above and considering increasing the rate of hiring into more secure, tenure-track positions.

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The full paper is available at: http://journal. frontiersin. org/ Journal/ 10. 3389/ fpsyg. 2014. 00701/ abstract

Journal: Frontiers in Psychology

Title: Predictors of depression, stress, and anxiety among non-tenure track faculty

Authors: Gretchen M. Reevy and Grace Deason

DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00701

Contacts

Gozde Zorlu

Communications Manager

Frontiers

gozde.zorlu@frontiersin.org

Grace Deason

Assistant Professor of Psychology

University of Wisconsin - La Crosse

gdeason@uwlax.edu

Gretchen Reevy

Lecturer

Department of Psychology

California State University, East Bay

gretchen.reevy@csueastbay.edu

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