As any parent facing this devastating diagnosis, we set out to do anything we could. Over the past six months, we have read hundreds of scientific papers, established relationships with world-class scientists, translated medical records from a foreign country, self-compounded a drug at home and raised over $1.5 million to form a non-profit to fund research. We now know that Lydia still has a chance. We can treat her in months. The traditional pharma model isn’t set up to help Lydia and millions of others like her. Here’s why…

The Problem — The Long Tail

There are six billion characters in our DNA. All of us have spontaneous typos in this code — a mutation. Some typos, like Lydia’s, cause serious diseases. Collectively, there are seven million people in the U.S. suffering from typos that affect the brain. Majority of affected are children. This doesn’t include the millions who have already died from these. Pre-natal genetic testing does not look for these. Because a typo can happen in one of billions of characters, there are only a handful of patients with the exact same one. For Lydia’s, there are only two others in the entire world — one in Greece and one in England. At position 683 of the gene KCNQ2, an A was mistyped as a G. That’s all it took.

This is a classic long tail problem — no mutation is common enough, but collectively there are tons. The existing Pharma approach to treat these is broken — they look for common typos and fix them with long drawn out trials. This barely makes a dent. Worse, they have put each in its own bucket and labeled them as rare, so the majority of the world feels they‘re not important to fix. How can these be rare when collectively there are millions with these mutations? The rare label is wrong and limits progress. These are not rare. These are genetic and have the same root cause. We need a systematic, platform-driven approach to fix these typos. We need a spell check.

The Solution — An N-of-1 Platform

Monogenetic diseases are unique from the vast majority of cancers and cardiovascular diseases because we can pinpoint the exact cause — this makes them extremely treatable. There’s a groundbreaking technology called Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs) that can silence mutations at the source. Since the first approved drug in 2016, ASOs have successfully halted severe diseases like Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Batten’s Disease. Unlike traditional drugs that target proteins (the hardware), ASOs target at the RNA level (the code). These have repeatable properties, making customization remarkably easy. By modifying a few characters of code, without changing the chemistry or dosing, you can design an ASO to target any mutation. We live at a unique moment in time where a child can be treated with a personalized ASO — an “N of 1” treatment. Last year, Dr. Timothy Yu at Boston Children’s Hospital created the first N-of-1 ASO, skipping the lengthy clinical trial process.

Pharma is currently not set up to make money from these individual treatments — there’s no blockbuster drug to advertise, there’s no IP to protect. We have started a non-profit Lydian Accelerator to fill this gap and help accelerate this treatment for Lydia and others. No parent should go through what we’re going through. As computer scientists, we believe in open platforms. By open sourcing the processes, tools and data from the first few N-of-1s, we can empower any institute to create one. We can then build a shared database of efficacy and safety data — anyone performing an N-of-1 should be able to tap into this repository as long as they contribute back into it. With more data, we may be able to use algorithms to reduce or even eliminate lab work that constitutes the bulk of the costs today. With each treatment, we can reduce the time and cost for the next one.

We are early in our journey, but ambitious and learning more every day. We’re working with a world-class team across Boston Children’s, Stanford and Northwestern. Over the next few months, we will start by asking our collaborators to open source everything from Lydia’s N-of-1— the process, costs, contracts, protocols, assays, cell lines and data.

Join us as a Founding Donor

This research is expensive today. We hope to have a treatment for Lydia by early next year. The treatment is most effective earlier in a child’s life and every single day is precious. Help us save our daughter and pave this path for other children.

We are fortunate to be part of an incredible tech community and have raised over half of our goal. Please consider donating and sharing Lydia’s story with other benefactors in this community. If you are able to make a larger grant through a foundation or DAF, get in touch with us. We would love to meet you 1:1 and tell you more. Gifts are tax deductible and eligible for matching at most large employers.

Thank you! ❤️

— Rohan and Jen

P.S. Our tendency is to stay private on social media but we are opening up because Lydia’s story can help others. We will share our journey over the next few months. Lydia will be an open source baby! Please subscribe to our mailing list to stay up to date.