Mr. Tsipras has said that the toughest choices can be made only by political leaders, not finance ministers or technocrats, and there is continuing suspicion among many irritated European officials that his government has been playing for time. The idea would be to increase the pressure on his European colleagues to give Athens a better deal that Mr. Tsipras can sell at home as at least a partial victory.

“Frankly, it’s not a bad strategy,” a senior European Union official said.

Mr. Dijsselbloem said the Greek plan was “a basis to really restart the talks again and really get a result,” although officials needed to assess whether the economic reforms proposed by Greece “are enough for the economy to take off again.”

Donald Tusk, the president of the European Council, also signaled cautious optimism. “The latest Greek proposals are the first real proposals in many weeks, although they still need — it’s obvious for me — the assessment of the institutions and further work,” he told reporters.

“The most important thing is that the leaders take full political responsibility for the political process to avoid the worst-case scenario, which means uncontrollable, chaotic Graccident,” said Mr. Tusk, using a voguish term for unplanned events forcing Greece out of the eurozone.

Despite reassurances about the survival of the euro, the economic and political stakes for the European Union are high, and all would prefer to avoid both a Greek default and an exit from the common currency. Mr. Tsipras knows this, and analysts believe he has been stalling to try to get at least the promise of some relief for Greece’s probably unsustainable mountain of debt in a third bailout program.

The last part of the existing bailout expires at the end of June; a tranche of $8.2 billion has yet to be disbursed, which has led to worries that Greece would not be able to pay the $1.8 billion it owes to the International Monetary Fund by the end of the month.

According to the Greek economics minister, Giorgios Stathakis, speaking to the BBC, the Greek proposal would raise taxes on businesses and the wealthy, as well as hiking the value-added tax, or VAT, on some items. It reportedly would also raise the retirement age for state pensions gradually to 67, phasing out an early retirement system that allowed many Greeks to stop working in their early 50s.