Time is running out. Unless reforms are undertaken relatively soon, Pennsylvania's shortfall is likely to take it down the same path as New Jersey and Illinois, leaving only the most painful options on the table. Proactive states like Rhode Island, Utah, and Michigan have marginally increased contributions, changed benefit formulas, or adopted elements of 401(k)-style plans in a manageable way now, in order to avoid drastic changes later. These were tough choices, but doing nothing was a far worse option.