The US Farm Bill passed on Wednesday legalizes hemp, a plant that's roughly identical to marijuana and is a key source of highly-touted wellness ingredient CBD.

The bill defines hemp as an agricultural product for the first time and amends a major drug law that hadn't been altered in 50 years.

Experts say the shift could spike interest in CBD, which is also the active ingredient in the first cannabis-based medicine to gain federal approval in the US.

Despite its hazy legal status, CBD already makes up a roughly $1 billion industry.

This week, a plant that's nearly identical to marijuana is set to become legal to grow in the US.

Thanks to the US Farm Bill, which the House passed on Wednesday in a 369-47 vote, American farmers will be able to plant and harvest hemp — a strain of the same plant species from which marijuana originates. The bill passed the Senate Tuesday in an 87-13 vote, and President Donald Trump has indicated his support.

Hemp legalization has been a long-time goal of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, a Republican from Kentucky, who believes it can help replace tobacco as a key crop for his state's farmers.

The move alters the language of a major drug law that had previously remained unchanged for half a century and loosely defined hemp alongside marijuana as a controlled substance. The new bill exempts hemp from that law and defines it as an agricultural product. That means farmers and researchers of hemp now get some of the same benefits as farmers and researchers of other crops, like the ability to apply for insurance and federal grants.

20 PHOTOS Inside a hemp farm in Colorado See Gallery Inside a hemp farm in Colorado PUEBLO CO - NOVEMBER 7: Robbie Burnette works on trimming one of the mother plants at Veritas Farms, on November 7, 2018 in Pueblo, Colorado. The farm grows and process hemp. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) PUEBLO CO - NOVEMBER 7: Veritas Farms grows and process hemp on November 7, 2018 in Pueblo, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) PUEBLO CO - NOVEMBER 7: Workers remove stems from dried hemp plants at Veritas Farms, on November 7, 2018 in Pueblo, Colorado. The farm grows and process hemp. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) PUEBLO CO - NOVEMBER 7: Rianna Meyer, Vice President of Operations at Veritas Farms, shows off one of their products on November 7, 2018 in Pueblo, Colorado. The farm grows and process hemp. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) PUEBLO CO - NOVEMBER 7: Rianna Meyer, Vice President of Operations at Veritas Farms, is in the hemp oil extraction room on November 7, 2018 in Pueblo, Colorado. The farm grows and process hemp. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) EATON, CO - SEPTEMBER 5: Colorado Cultivars Hemp Farm is one of the largest hemp farms in the U.S. makes many products form hemp on September 5, 2017 in Eaton, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) EATON, CO - SEPTEMBER 5: Colorado Cultivars Hemp Farm is one of the largest hemp farms in the U.S. on September 5, 2017 in Eaton, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) EATON, CO - SEPTEMBER 5: Damian Farris, co-owner of Colorado Cultivars Hemp Farm, climbs up a irrigation pivot to looks over the crop before it is harvested and to take a photo to show his mother on September 5, 2017 in Eaton, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) PUEBLO CO - NOVEMBER 7: Workers remove stems from dried hemp plants at Veritas Farms, on November 7, 2018 in Pueblo, Colorado. The farm grows and process hemp. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) PUEBLO CO - NOVEMBER 7: Raymond Weil works on trimming one of the mother plants at Veritas Farms, on November 7, 2018 in Pueblo, Colorado. The farm grows and process hemp. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) EATON, CO - SEPTEMBER 5: Robin Pitt, of Colorado Cultivars Hemp Farm, unloads a load of hemp after it was harvested on September 5, 2017 in Eaton, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) EATON, CO - SEPTEMBER 5: Hemp product is stored in a shop building at Colorado Cultivars Hemp Farm on September 5, 2017 in Eaton, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) EATON, CO - SEPTEMBER 5: Damian Farris, co-owner of Colorado Cultivars Hemp Farm, looks at the crop before it is harvested on September 5, 2017 in Eaton, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) EATON, CO - SEPTEMBER 5: Hemp seeds move through a separator at Colorado Cultivars Hemp Farm on September 5, 2017 in Eaton, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) EATON, CO - SEPTEMBER 5: Colorado Cultivars Hemp Farm is one of the largest hemp farms in the U.S. on September 5, 2017 in Eaton, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) EATON, CO - SEPTEMBER 5: Damian Farris, co-owner of Colorado Cultivars Hemp Farm, looks at the crop before it is harvested on September 5, 2017 in Eaton, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) EATON, CO - SEPTEMBER 5: Shami Coleman, co-owner of Colorado Cultivars Hemp Farm works on harvesting hemp on September 5, 2017 in Eaton, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) EATON, CO - SEPTEMBER 5: Brian Nuse, who works for Colorado Cultivars Hemp Farm, works on harvesting hemp on September 5, 2017 in Eaton, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) EATON, CO - SEPTEMBER 5: Shami Coleman, co-owner of Colorado Cultivars Hemp Farm brings in a load of hemp that was harvested on September 5, 2017 in Eaton, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) EATON, CO - SEPTEMBER 5: Crews work on harvesting hemp at Colorado Cultivars Hemp Farm on September 5, 2017 in Eaton, Colorado. (Photo by RJ Sangosti/The Denver Post via Getty Images) Up Next See Gallery Discover More Like This HIDE CAPTION SHOW CAPTION of SEE ALL BACK TO SLIDE

"The era of hemp prohibition is over," Jonathan Miller, legal counsel for a lobbying coalition of over 60 hemp companies called the US Hemp Roundtable, told Business Insider.

That's a key change for scientists, many of whom say previous drug laws deterred them from studying hemp because it was regulated like marijuana.

The bill may also boost interest in a nascent but booming $1 billion industry based on a component of the cannabis plant called CBD, which has been touted for a variety of health and wellness claims. CBD is popping up in more and more products, from coffee and tea to supplements and beer.

But because CBD can be sourced from both marijuana and hemp plants, its legal status, set by the Drug Enforcement Administration, remains somewhat hazy. CBD from marijuana, just like marijuana as a whole, remains illegal. But now that hemp is legal, CBD from hemp may be legal too.

"The devil is in the details, and we don’t know yet how the DEA will act to implement the law," Daniele Piomelli, the director of the University of California at Irvine Center for the Study of Cannabis and a professor of neuroscience and pharmacology, told Business Insider.

The DEA, which controls the scheduling of substances, has not said how it will respond to the new bill. As it stands, so long as a CBD product is "intended for human consumption," it remains a Schedule 1 drug, DEA spokesperson Katherine Pfaff told Business Insider on Tuesday. She said she couldn't comment on how the bill might affect DEA's approach.

The difference between hemp and marijuana comes down to one word: strain

Marijuana and hemp come from the same plant species, called Cannabis sativa. Both contain THC and CBD. But each plant is its own unique strain of cannabis.

Until recently, hemp was bred almost entirely for industrial uses like manufacturing. As a result, hemp plants today have very low amounts of THC, the psychoactive chemical responsible for marijuana's high. Instead, hemp plants are often higher in CBD, or cannabidiol, which is also found in marijuana. CBD is now thought to be responsible for several of cannabis' therapeutic effects.

For example, marijuana-derived CBD is the active ingredient in Epidiolex, a syrup that is the first cannabis-based drug to gain US government approval for medical use this summer. The drug treats two rare forms of childhood epilepsy.

One thing that is clear from the new bill is that commerce involving hemp is now in the clear. Federally-insured banks, for example, have the green light for the first time to work with industrial hemp producers.

Read more:A drug derived from marijuana has become the first to win federal approval, and experts predict an avalanche effect

From A to CBD: cannabis is showing up in everything

Because CBD can come from either marijuana or hemp plants, it is unclear whether or not hemp-derived CBD products are now legal. Previously, thousands of manufacturers and entrepreneurs glommed onto the CBD wellness trend with the awareness that CBD products existed in a legal grey zone.

Read more:Heineken is betting on a brew made with marijuana instead of alcohol, and it could help give a boost to the struggling beer industry

Part of the reason for this was that there was no specific language in the DEA's main drug law, called the Controlled Substances Act, that used the word "hemp."

Thanks to that fuzziness, you could find everything from CBD lattes in New York to CBD teas at grocery stores across the country.

But now that hemp is legal, some experts expect the trend to really take off.

"The passing of the farm bill will most certainly open up the marketplace for hemp products, specifically hemp extracts that are high in CBD," Josh Hendrix, the director of domestic product business development for cannabis company CV Sciences, told Business Insider.

"It will provide a higher comfort level for retailers and consumers and will lead to more investment and opportunity in the industry as it will continue to see rapid expansion."

Still, other experts — particularly scientists — have expressed concern that while the bill itself is a step in the right direction, what remains to be seen is how the DEA will respond to it. Until the DEA decides to change the status of CBD, researchers can't expect too many changes to their current work.

What CBD does — and may not do — for your health

It's difficult to say what the real health benefits of CBD are right now. The drug does appear to have at least one well-vetted therapeutic benefit: staunching the symptoms of two rare forms of childhood epilepsy by way of the newly-approved drug Epidiolex.

There's another pressing issue facing the CBD industry, too: the products are poorly regulated, meaning there's wide variation in their content, safety, and price.

For a 2017 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers tested 84 CBD products purchased from 31 different online retailers. Roughly seven out of 10 items had different levels of CBD than what was written on the label. Of all of the items tested, roughly half had more CBD than was indicated; a quarter had less. And 18 of the samples tested positive for THC, despite it not being listed on the label.

"I've seen a lot of dirty CBD manufacturing facilities," Kelvin Harrylall, the CEO of a company called the CBD Palace that audits CBD companies and creates a list of vendors it deems safe for customers, told Business Insider in June.

"It's tough to know what you're getting."

The farm bill itself won't directly affect product safety. But experts believe that as these laws move toward legalization and an increased role for regulators, the companies that abide by strict manufacturing conditions will come out on top, while those who run fast and loose with rules will suffer.

"I believe if you are a CBD manufacturer and you can say that you're making a quality product ... then you have nothing to worry about," Harrylall said. "But if you aren't sure [or] if you've cut corners, those CBD manufacturers are the ones that should be worried."

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