(CNN) Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro has fired Health Minister Antonieta Caporale days after the government's first release of health data in two years showed soaring infant and maternal mortality rates.

Vice President Tareck El Aissami announced Thursday night via his Twitter account that pharmacist Luis Lopez was replacing Caporale at Maduro's request.

The firing came after the health ministry recently released new data showing infant and maternal deaths and cases of malaria are skyrocketing in the country already grappling with severe medical shortages.

Caporale had been on the job since January. The data from her office showed that confirmed malaria cases in 2016 stood at 240,000, a 76% increase over the previous year. Maternal -- or pregnancy-related -- deaths rose 66%, to 756. Last year, 11,466 infants died, a 30% increase.

The new health minister, Lopez, has been the deputy minister of hospitals for the national government and secretary of health for the Venezuelan state of Aragua, according to state-run news agency AVN.

Crumbling health care system

Venezuelans say they must treat themselves at public hospitals.

"If you need to have an operation, nowadays, you must bring your own medicines to the hospital," says Eugenia Morin, a 59-year-old housewife who protested against the government last week. "There are no supplies to attend the most basic emergencies."

The country was already facing a shortage of more than 80% of medicines that doctors need as of last June, according to statistics from the Venezuelan Pharmaceutical Federation

And it's not just medicine. Patients are responsible for any material needed to treat them: needles, gauze pads, saline solution. Patients who can get the money together to buy these items become targets of crime -- hospital rooms are not safe from thieves looking to sell medication on the black market, or fellow patients in desperation.

And more than 13,000 doctors -- about 20% of Venezuela's medical workforce, have left the country in recent years as the health sector collapsed.

Lack of food compounds health shortages

The health figures represent only one of many crises facing Venezuela, once the richest nation in Latin America and home to the world's largest oil reserves.

Venezuelans are suffering from severe food shortages. According to a national polling firm, the average Venezuelan living in extreme poverty last year lost nearly 19 pounds due to lack of food and skipped meals.

Supermarket shelves are often empty. Skyrocketing inflation -- set to go up 720% this year, according to the International Monetary Fund -- makes whatever food that's available too expensive for many to buy

In the face of these shortages, Venezuela has descended further into political chaos.

Join the conversation See the latest news and share your comments with CNN Health on Facebook and Twitter.