Iain Duncan Smith announced his shock resignation as Secretary of State for Work and Pensions last night. He has cited concerns cuts had gone “too far” and that slashing funds for people on disability benefits in the same week as announcing tax cuts for high earners was “not defensible”.

The announcement came as a surprise to many within his own party. Prime Minister David Cameron has said he is “puzzled” by the news. Stephen Crabb has been revealed as Mr Duncan Smith’s successor.

Mr Duncan Smith was appointed as DWP Minister in 2010 to oversee welfare cuts under the Conservative-Lib Dem coalition. During his time at the DWP helm, he was behind a number of deeply controversial reforms and practices, causing him to be the focus of much anti-austerity anger. However, Mr Duncan Smith defended his actions, saying that cuts were not harming vulnerable people but actually helping them to find work or recover from their illnesses.

Here are of some the policies he oversaw to ‘help’ the sick and the poor during his time in office.

1. Slashed the Personal Independence Payment (PIP)

(Getty)

The Personal Independence Payment is funding to help disabled people live as independently as possible.

Just last week the Government revealed it would cut this; causing half a million disabled people to lose out on what charities called essential funding to live with basic standards of dignity.

2. Risked forcing ill people to go to work because of faulty sickness assessments

Job centre in London.

Experts warned that the Government’s Work Capability Assessment was based on flawed criteria which means it wasn't accurately assessing sickness and was sending sick people back to work for roles they couldn’t do.

3. Blocked information on benefit claimants' deaths

Universal Credit has been the flagship welfare programme under Iain Duncan Smith (Rob Stothard/Getty Images)

The DWP refused to reveal how many people died shortly after having their benefits cut. After a lengthy legal battle and intervention from the Information Commissioner, the department finally revealed the numbers in August 2015.

4. Increased sanctions for people on sickness benefit

Latest estimates for rough-sleepers found there were double the number of individuals on the streets of England in 2015 compared with 2010 (Getty)

Sanctions, such as abruptly stopping benefits, increased hugely. Figures suggested sanctions increased fourfold, prompting homelessness charity Crisis to warn they were “cruel and can leave people utterly destitute - without money even for food and at severe risk of homelessness.”

5. Capped the Access To Work scheme

"Why shouldn’t disabled people be afforded the opportunity to enjoy life as well as merely survive it?" (Rex)

A scheme designed to help severely disabled people into work. Users are primarily people who are deaf or blind, but otherwise capable of working.

A new cap was introduced to give a maximum amount which could be spent on any individual, regardless of how much support they need. Critics argued that this was arbitrary and didn’t reflect how the most severely disabled would need more help.

6. Scrapped the Independent Living Fund

Many residents have been forced to turn to charities and food banks for support (Getty)

A fund established in 1988 to help people with disabilities to live independent lives, for instance at home with family instead of living inside institutions.

It was scrapped on 1 July 2015, taking an average of £300 per week from 18,000 severely disabled people.

7. Spent £8.45 million on a mascot

Quirky campaign: The 40 second advert sees Workie stalk a small business owner in a park only to be ignored

Alongside the austerity cuts, Iain Duncan Smith provoked ire when it was revealed that a cuddly mascot called ‘Workie’ was commissioned for the DWP to promote pension changes - costing £8.45 million.

8. The 'Bedroom Tax'

Up to 40,000 people could have been wrongly identified as eligible for the so-called 'bedroom tax' (Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images)

Perhaps one of the most controversial policies in recent years, the spare room subsidy – commonly known as the Bedroom Tax – has been roundly criticised as causing misery for already vulnerable and poor people. It meant people receiving housing benefit were given less money to cover their rent if they had an unoccupied bedroom in their home.

Research revealed that two thirds of people affected were disabled. Many reported that they had to move out of their specially adapted homes because they could no longer afford to live there.

9. Invented fake benefit claimants to praise the DWP

Employment figures may this week show a rise in the number of people out of work (Getty)

In August, it was revealed that the DWP invented fake benefit claimants for their leaflets which said they were “really pleased” their benefits had been cut because it had inspired them to find work

10. Argued that zero-hours contracts aren’t that bad and just need a new name

A hotel maid cleans a room (Getty)

Iain Duncan Smith said in an interview: “The zero-hour contract is badly named. I don’t know whoever came up with that idea. It should be named the flexible hours contract.”

11. Tried to suppress memos on Universal Credit

(orangesparrow/flickr/CreativeCommons)