MOSCOW — President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia pushed back forcefully on Thursday against calls for an international tribunal to investigate the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 over eastern Ukraine last year, even as other world leaders were demanding accountability for the deaths of the 298 people aboard the plane.

In a telephone call with Prime Minister Mark Rutte of the Netherlands, Mr. Putin “explained in detail Russia’s position on what it sees as an untimely and counterproductive initiative by a number of countries, including the Netherlands, to establish an international tribunal for criminal prosecution of individuals responsible,” the Kremlin said in a statement.

Mr. Putin also complained about unidentified officials suggesting in “overtly politicized” leaks to the press that the Russian military was to blame, calling such leaks “unacceptable.”

The Malaysian jet was widely believed to have been destroyed by a surface-to-air missile fired from territory controlled by pro-Russian separatists in eastern Ukraine.