Venezuela has confirmed two cases of coronavirus, Vice President Delcy Rodriguez said on Friday, adding that the country is suspending classes at public and private schools starting on Monday.

President Nicolas Maduro on Thursday said that all flights from Europe and Colombia would be suspended for a month over coronavirus concerns during a live televised news conference on Thursday.

"Early today, two cases were certified," Rodriguez said in a televised statement. "One 41-year-old citizen was travelling in the United States. The other was travelling in Spain."

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The two patients arrived on a flight from Spain and have been put in quarantine, she said.

Those using the Caracas metro system will only be allowed in if they are wearing face masks, Rodriguez said.

Maduro has said efforts to fight the coronavirus in Venezuela are being jeopardised by US sanctions, meant to force the ruling Socialist Party from power.

Years of recession, hyperinflation, and underinvestment in public services have left Venezuela in poor condition to confront any cases of the coronavirus that is spreading rapidly worldwide, healthcare workers say. Its hospitals suffer from chronic shortages of medicine and supplies, as well as frequent lapses in electricity and running water.

In a hospital in Venezuela's western city of Maracaibo, chronic water shortages have left staff using paint buckets as toilets. With medical gloves in short supply, workers use the same pair on multiple patients.

Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro speaking during a news conference at Miraflores Palace in Caracas, Venezuela [Manaure Quintero/Reuters]

So far, Latin America has been spared the worst ravages of the virus. More than 200 cases have been reported in the region since Brazil announced the first case on February 26.

The Pan American Health Organization said last week it prioritise Haiti, Venezuela and a handful of other Central and South American countries that have "more challenges to their health systems".

Hania Salazar, president of Maracaibo's nursing school in the western state of Zulia, said hospital workers have been without supplies for years.

"Workers bring their own kits with soap and towels, and their own water to drink and wash," said Salazar. "They also carry paint containers because here there is no hospital that has a bathroom in good condition."

As in other parts of Venezuela, Zulia's health system has hemorrhaged workers. Salazar said only emergency units were operating and workers often clock upwards of 18 hours a day.

Residents say a lack of access to water or affordable soap can make basic hygiene practices - needed to guard against the spread of the virus - out of reach for many.

"I am very concerned that in Venezuela there are no supplies, medicines, or even water in hospitals or homes," said Josefina Moreno, a 50-year-old university professor with a history of respiratory disease. "The prevention measures that everyone is talking about are hard to comply with here."

Gustavo Uribe, president of a medical school in the state of Tachira near the Colombian border, said hand-washing would be difficult due to water shortages.

"We're asking everyone to comply with hygienic norms, but we all know about the precarity of the system," he said. "The worry is that it will come here first, being by an international border."

Rodriguez said on state television on Monday that the country was implementing "strict controls" at ports of entry and a series of protocols in health centres. The government has issued a list of hospitals charged with handling cases.

But some of those hospitals were not even open, said Douglas Leon, head of the Venezuelan Medical Federation.

"There is no hospital in Venezuela with capacity to attend to a patient with a condition as serious as this," he told a news conference on Monday.