As treasury secretary, Mnuchin will be responsible for managing the nation's day-to-day finances and will have to carry out a broad order from his new boss to review the rules imposed on the financial sector through the Dodd-Frank law of 2010. Also, he'll oversee a report to Congress on whether foreign countries are manipulating their currencies, due in April.

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Beyond these immediate tasks, Mnuchin will confront broader questions, assuming an influential position in a new administration that has not clearly signaled how the president will approach the economy. The agenda that Republican lawmakers and several of Trump's advisers favor — tax relief, deregulation and limited economic intervention by the federal government — is in some respects at odds with Trump's populist and protectionist rhetoric, especially on whether the government will impose new barriers to global trade.

Robo-signing

Mnuchin, a Hollywood financier and a former partner at Goldman Sachs, will join several other former bankers with senior positions in Trump's administration, including Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao, White House chief strategist Stephen K. Bannon and National Economic Council Director Gary Cohn. The White House's reliance on Wall Street in staffing the administration has drawn criticism from Democrats.

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“For someone who pledged to drain the swamp and advocate for working people, President Trump’s nomination of Mr. Mnuchin to be Secretary of the Treasury amounts to another broken promise,” Sen. Tim Kaine (D-Va.), the former vice-presidential candidate, said in a statement. “His complicity in the 2008 financial crisis raises serious doubts.”

Democrats also thought that Mnuchin had not been truthful with lawmakers. In his initial written responses to the Senate Finance Committee, he did not disclose a stake worth some $100 million in assets as well as an interest in a company in the Cayman Islands. He also wrote that OneWest had not foreclosed on borrowers using unverified paperwork — a controversial practice called “robo-signing.”

Later, when Democrats discovered those financial interests and the Columbus Dispatch cited court papers showing evidence of robo-signing, Democrats on the committee first postponed and then boycotted a vote to advance Mnuchin's nomination.

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Republicans responded with an unusual suspension of the Senate's rules, allowing the vote to proceed without any Democrats in the room.

The GOP lawmakers dismissed the Democrats' boycott as obstructionism, calling Mnuchin a qualified and experienced candidate.

“We can have our disagreements,” Sen. Orrin G. Hatch (R-Utah), the chairman of the committee, said at the time. “To differ, that’s one thing. I can live with that. I’ve differed myself from time to time. But I’ve always shown up.”

A close vote

The committee's vote all but assured Mnuchin's confirmation on the floor of the Senate. On Monday evening, 53 senators voted in favor, while 47 voted against the former banker.

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Sen. Joe Manchin III (D-W.Va.) broke ranks to join Republicans in supporting the nominee.

Waiting on Mnuchin's desk at Treasury will be Trump's order for a review of rules governing the financial sector, which the new secretary will have just under four months to complete. While the president's order has little practical effect in itself, it gives Mnuchin the opportunity to set an agenda and establish priorities for deregulating Wall Street.

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It will also be Mnuchin's responsibility to determine whether foreign countries are manipulating their currencies to give their exporters an advantage over U.S. firms.

Few expect Mnuchin to deliver on Trump's promise to label China as a currency manipulator. While most economists agree that China has manipulated its currency in the past, Beijing's most recent interventions in foreign exchange have been to the advantage of U.S. workers and manufacturers.

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It would be legally difficult for Mnuchin to apply the label to China, said Fred Bergsten, a former treasury undersecretary. “They’re helping our competitiveness, not hurting it,” he said.

All the same, Bergsten added, Mnuchin will have to review how the Obama administration defined currency manipulation and make decisions about how he will enforce the law.

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Before he can begin making policy, however, Mnuchin must name his assistants and deputies. The White House has said his staffers are ready to join him at Treasury, suggesting a series of appointments in the coming days.

Recruiting personnel has been a challenge for the new administration, as many experienced Republicans are hesitant to work for a president who won election by rejecting the GOP establishment along with many of the party's values.