In just a few decades, the Australian white ibis (Threskiornis molucca) has made itself at home in many of Australia's coastal and inland cities.

And aside from the feathered birds we see daily (often foraging amongst garbage), representations of ibis have exploded in popular culture. The humble ibis, it seems, has gone viral.

From ibis tattoos to artworks to TV series, this often maligned bird has become a cultural phenomenon, bordering on a national obsession.

The humble ibis, it seems, has gone viral. ( Supplied: Michelle Andersen )

This ibis juggernaut says a lot about Australian identity and culture in the 21st century — and human-animal relations in a time of environmental threat and uncertainty.

Ibis have entered the Australian English lexicon as "bin chickens", "tip turkeys", "sandwich snatchers" and "picnic pirates", to name just four of their many nicknames.

They can be found splashed across clothing; probing human rubbish in cartoons and poetry; on cups and tea towels, in children's books and the daily press. Hundreds of ibis-centred objects are for sale online, including gift cards and tote bags.

Ibis adorn murals, in Victoria, Sydney, and Perth. In Queensland, a baker recently made a cake depicting an ibis eating out of a garbage can commissioned for a 21st birthday.

There is a new vogue for ibis tattoos, especially among schoolies in Surfers Paradise and nostalgic Australians.

And a prototype for an inflatable ibis for swimming pools, created by a local designer and advertised as "an Aussie icon", was crowd funded in early 2018.

Even the Sydney office of Alliance Francaise loves the bin chicken: in a witty 2017 marketing exercise it compared Paris and Sydney and the birds (pigeon and ibis respectively) that symbolised them.

Ibis mural by Scott Marsh in Teggs Lane, Chippendale, Sydney. ( Supplied: Ilaria Vanni )

Not everyone loves an ibis. Almost 8,000 people registered for the International Glare at Ibises Day in Sydney on December 21, 2016.

This event asked people to "gather in your local park and glare and show general distaste towards ibises".

There is a new vogue for ibis tattoos. ( Facebook: Cross Fire Tattoos and Piercing )

More positively, the "bi" in bin-chicken was also enlisted in support of the same-sex marriage plebiscite in 2017 with an ibis-themed dance performance.

And the ibis came second in a 2017 vote for Australia's most popular bird, organised by Birdlife Australia and The Guardian. (It was pipped at the post by the Australian magpie.)

Ibis now flourish across digital media platforms, where there is a growing list of online pro and anti-ibis films and songs.

The expletive-laden Australian Song About Birds by the Van Vuuren Brothers finds the "bin-drinking", "scabby" and "alien" ibis wanting. The song has had nearly 3 million YouTube views.

On the other hand, Songtourage's gentle ballad, Song for My Daughter (Who is an Ibis), rejects violent, anti-ibis sentiment.

Australia is clearly embracing its white ibis with passion, wit, and, in equal measure, affection and disgust.

This phenomenon, we argue, has an intriguing environmental, genetic and historical backdrop.

A prototype for an inflatable ibis was crowd-funded earlier this year. ( Supplied: Casey/Big Bird Designs )

The 'sacred' ibis

Often dismissed as an introduced vagrant, the Australian white ibis is one of three ibis species found here. With that status comes legal protection.

Many urban Australians are unhappy to learn about ibis nativity. They want local authorities to remove "immigrant" ibis from their neighbourhoods.

A generation ago it was rare to see ibis in Australia's cities. Now they are thriving on the endless waste our cities provide.

Small ibis colonies were established by conservationists in the early 1970s in places like Sydney's Taronga Zoo and Healesville Sanctuary in Victoria.

Ibis also migrated from interior wetlands to the coasts of east and southeast Australia and the south-west.

The Australian white ibis is one of three ibis species found here. ( Wikimedia Commons )

That migration was forced by drought and habitat loss, which have caused huge declines in inland ibis numbers.

Sydney's ibis population today is estimated at about 10,000.

Brisbane's population is less stable, hovering around 5,000. More research is needed to know the size and health of other urban populations.

Thoth was often depicted with an ibis head. ( Wikipedia: Brooklyn Museum )

Intriguingly, the migration of ibis from traditional wetlands paralleled changes in scientific thinking about the bird.

Between the 1970s and the 1990s, the Australian white ibis was classified as the sacred ibis, the same species worshipped in ancient Egypt as an emblem of Thoth.

This God was responsible for maintaining the universe, judging the dead, and overseeing systems of magic, writing and science.

Thoth was often depicted with an ibis head. Because of this association, as Georges Cuvier wrote in 1831, Egyptians let ibis "stray unharmed through their cities". Sacred ibis were also mummified; there is a stunning example in the Australian Museum.

Today, however, the Australian white ibis is regarded as its own species, close kin of the sacred ibis. Many older Australians still refer to our white ibis as sacred.

A different order of sacredness inspires Indigenous representations of ibis, an example being ceramic work by the Queensland artist Thanakupi.

The ibis and the artist

In our research, we have been struck by how Australian artists work with the ibis backstory of sacredness, resilience and survival.

These artists are commenting on the urban life and times of ibis, and the bird's new, precarious, celebrity status.

Clive, Janice and Derek are the stars of the 2018 online TV animated series, Bin Chickens. Targets of human rage against ibis as abject and filthy, the trio struggles to survive in Sydney's overly cemented Darling Harbour.

In vain they also try to recover their lost God-head status. The series, funded by Screen Australia and the ABC, is a sardonic sendup of rampant urban development and its ecological costs.

The first episode alone has had more than 30,000 viewers.

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For many artists, ibis-human interactions are emblematic of Australia's new multi-species urban ecologies.

Sue Pedley's installation "Rolling Musical Screech" (2017) featured street signs of birds, and celebrated the sensory contributions ibis make to the contemporary city.

Australian artists also regard ibis as a bellwether species that makes links between habitat loss, climate change and excess human consumption.

Sydney-based Linden Braye literally channelled ibis when foraging for waste, and sending up human wastefulness, in her 2016 film, Ibis.

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One artistic response to ibis has attracted millions of viewers across social media platforms: the 2017 mockumentary, Planet Earth: Bin Chicken, directed and produced by David Johns and Matt Eastwood.

The film parodies the David Attenborough wildlife documentary, in which animals rarely live alongside humans.

Planet Earth: Bin Chicken cleverly shows how urban ibis challenge the myth of a city-wilderness divide. Here, moreover, urban Australia is facing a deadly rubbish overload.

The winner in this tale of ecological ruin and over-consumption is the ibis, shown god-like at the film's end as the new overlord of Planet Bin Chicken.

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Visceral rejection and groundswells of affection

All this ibis anthropomorphism raises questions about how we interpret new human-animal relations in the Anthropocene: the current geological epoch forged by humans and our devastating environmental impact.

The ibis is not alone among animals across the world that are adapting to life beside humans. But few species attract human attentions as ibis now do in Australia.

Ibis seem to have supplanted other once iconic species in the Australian imagination.

Despite the plight of many koala populations due to deforestation, especially in Queensland, that animal is not featuring in our everyday cultural debates.

And the red kangaroo and emu of the national crest are also being overlooked, even in a time of severe drought that is now depleting inland populations.

The Australian white ibis is a native bird that is on the move. Ibis remind us everyday of the environmental challenges we all face.

Their tenacity and fearlessness as environmental refugees mean that they attract intense visceral rejections and groundswells of affection alike.

Ibis have infiltrated our daily speech and our cultural consciousness.

Indeed the ibis is fast becoming the new animal totem for thinking about the very idea of "Australia" today.

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Paul Allatson is an associate professor in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the University of Technology Sydney.

Andrea Connor is postdoctoral research fellow at the Institute for Culture and Society at Western Sydney University.

This article originally appeared in The Conversation.