BRUSSELS — Salah Abdeslam, who is believed to be the only surviving member of the group that carried out a series of coordinated attacks in and around Paris more than two years ago, went on trial on Monday in a case that will be closely watched to see if it sheds light on the assaults that reverberated across Europe.

Mr. Abdeslam, 28, and a co-defendant, Sofien Ayari, are accused of shooting at and wounding Belgian and French police officers who were searching for them in southern Brussels, four months after the attacks in Paris and St.-Denis that left 130 people dead, and days before two attacks in Brussels, one at the main airport and another on a subway train. The charges include possession of illegal weapons and attempted murder in a terrorist context.

The trial in Brussels is the first time the public will be given a sense of how prosecutors are piecing together the parts of what they say was a larger conspiracy, and Mr. Abdeslam used his first opportunity to speak at the trial to suggest that he had been prejudged by both the public and the court because he is a Muslim.

Mr. Abdeslam had refused to break his silence after his arrest, and the trial provides the authorities with a first opportunity to bring someone to account for the attacks, which focused attention on the threat of European fighters for the Islamic State who filtered back to their home countries with the intent of committing acts of terrorism.