All that I am, or hope to be, I owe to my angel mother. Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power. I am a slow walker, but I never walk back. You cannot escape the responsibility of tomorrow by evading it today. No man has a good enough memory to be a successful liar. Character is like a tree and reputation like a shadow. The shadow is what we think of it; the tree is the real thing. Be sure you put your feet in the right place, then stand firm. I remember my mother's prayers and they have always followed me. They have clung to me all my life. My dream is of a place and a time where America will once again be seen as the last best hope of earth. America will never be destroyed from the outside. If we falter and lose our freedoms, it will be because we destroyed ourselves. If this is coffee, please bring me some tea; but if this is tea, please bring me some coffee. Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe. The ballot is stronger than the bullet. I am not bound to win, but I am bound to be true. I am not bound to succeed, but I am bound to live by the light that I have. I must stand with anybody that stands right, and stand with him while he is right, and part with him when he goes wrong. Don't worry when you are not recognized, but strive to be worthy of recognition. Do I not destroy my enemies when I make them my friends? When I do good I feel good, when I do bad I feel bad, and that's my religion. Whatever you are, be a good one. I will prepare and some day my chance will come. A house divided against itself cannot stand. My great concern is not whether you have failed, but whether you are content with your failure. Government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the Earth. We the people are the rightful masters of both Congress and the courts, not to overthrow the Constitution but to overthrow the men who pervert the Constitution. Marriage is neither heaven nor hell, it is simply purgatory. You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time. The leading rule for the lawyer, as for the man of every calling, is diligence. Most folks are as happy as they make up their minds to be. Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other. I do the very best I know how - the very best I can; and I mean to keep on doing so until the end. You have to do your own growing no matter how tall your grandfather was. I think that slavery is wrong, morally, socially and politically. I desire that it should be no further spread in these United States, and I should not object if it should gradually terminate in the whole Union. No matter how much cats fight, there always seem to be plenty of kittens. I have always found that mercy bears richer fruits than strict justice. The philosophy of the school room in one generation will be the philosophy of government in the next. If the great American people will only keep their temper, on both sides of the line, the troubles will come to an end, and the question which now distracts the country will be settled just as surely as all other difficulties of like character which have originated in this government have been adjusted. That some achieve great success, is proof to all that others can achieve it as well. I am a firm believer in the people. If given the truth, they can be depended upon to meet any national crisis. The great point is to bring them the real facts. Our defense is in the preservation of the spirit which prizes liberty as a heritage of all men, in all lands, everywhere. Destroy this spirit and you have planted the seeds of despotism around your own doors. Whenever I hear anyone arguing for slavery, I feel a strong impulse to see it tried on him personally. I never had a policy; I have just tried to do my very best each and every day. Towering genius disdains a beaten path. It seeks regions hitherto unexplored. Tact is the ability to describe others as they see themselves. A man watches his pear tree day after day, impatient for the ripening of the fruit. Let him attempt to force the process, and he may spoil both fruit and tree. But let him patiently wait, and the ripe pear at length falls into his lap. How many legs does a dog have if you call his tail a leg? Four. Saying that a tail is a leg doesn't make it a leg. True patriotism is better than the wrong kind of piety. Standing as I do, with my hand upon this staff, and under the folds of the American flag, I ask you to stand by me so long as I stand by it. Sir, my concern is not whether God is on our side; my greatest concern is to be on God's side, for God is always right. The best way to get a bad law repealed is to enforce it strictly. This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending it, or exercise their revolutionary right to overthrow it. A woman is the only thing I am afraid of that I know will not hurt me. What kills a skunk is the publicity it gives itself. Fellow citizens, we cannot escape history. We, of this Congress and this administration, will be remembered in spite of ourselves. No personal significance, or insignificance, can spare one or another of us. The fiery trial through which we pass will light us down in honor or dishonor, to the latest generation. My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that. At what point then is the approach of danger to be expected? I answer, if it ever reach us, it must spring up amongst us. It cannot come from abroad. If destruction be our lot, we must ourselves be its author and finisher. As a nation of freemen, we must live through all time, or die by suicide. It would astonish if not amuse the older citizens to learn that I (a strange, friendless, uneducated, penniless boy, working at ten dollars per month) have been put down as the candidate of pride, wealth, and aristocratic family distinction. It has been my experience that folks who have no vices have very few virtues. If I were two-faced, would I be wearing this one? I don't like that man. I must get to know him better. I don't know who my grandfather was; I am much more concerned to know what his grandson will be. The shepherd drives the wolf from the sheep's throat, for which the sheep thanks the shepherd as his liberator, while the wolf denounces him for the same act as the destroyer of liberty. Plainly, the sheep and the wolf are not agreed upon a definition of liberty. The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present. The occasion is piled high with difficulty, and we must rise with the occasion. As our case is new, so we must think anew and act anew. I can make more generals, but horses cost money. These capitalists generally act harmoniously and in concert to fleece the people; and now that they have got into a quarrel with themselves, we are called upon to appropriate the people's money to settle the quarrel. As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master. This expresses my idea of democracy. We should be too big to take offense and too noble to give it. With Malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds. Repeal the Missouri Compromise - repeal all compromises - repeal the Declaration of Independence - repeal all past history, you still cannot repeal human nature. It will be the abundance of man's heart that slavery extension is wrong; and out of the abundance of his heart, his mouth will continue to speak. No man is good enough to govern another man without the other's consent. It is not my nature, when I see a people borne down by the weight of their shackles - the oppression of tyranny - to make their life more bitter by heaping upon them greater burdens; but rather would I do all in my power to raise the yoke than to add anything that would tend to crush them. I am naturally anti-slavery. If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong. I can not remember when I did not so think and feel. A friend is one who has the same enemies as you have. I want it said of me by those who knew me best, that I always plucked a thistle and planted a flower where I thought a flower would grow. Avoid popularity if you would have peace. We can succeed only by concert. It is not, 'Can any of us imagine better,' but, 'Can we all do better?' I have talked with great men, and I do not see how they differ from others. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. If once you forfeit the confidence of your fellow-citizens, you can never regain their respect and esteem. Never regret what you don't write. In this sad world of ours, sorrow comes to all; and to the young, it comes with bitterest agony because it takes them unawares. I have had experience enough to know what I say. My father... removed from Kentucky to... Indiana, in my eighth year... It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up... Of course when I came of age, I did not know much. Still somehow, I could read, write, and cipher... but that was all. The things I want to know are in books; my best friend is the man who'll get me a book I ain't read. When I am getting ready to reason with a man, I spend one-third of my time thinking about myself and what I am going to say and two-thirds about him and what he is going to say. To the best of my judgment, I have labored for, and not against, the Union. As I have not felt, so I have not expressed any harsh sentiment towards our Southern brethren. I have constantly declared, as I really believed, the only difference between them and us is the difference of circumstances. Illinois surpasses every other spot of equal extent upon the face of the globe in fertility of soil and in the proportionable amount of the same which is sufficiently level for actual cultivation. He who would be no slave must consent to have no slave. Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not for themselves and, under a just God, cannot long retain it. It has so happened in all ages of the world that some have labored, and others have, without labor, enjoyed a large proportion of the fruits. That our government should have been maintained in its original form from its establishment until now is not much to be wondered at. It had many props to support it through that period, which now are decayed and crumbled away. Through that period, it was felt by all to be an undecided experiment; now, it is understood to be a successful one. I care not much for a man's religion whose dog and cat are not the better for it. Don't interfere with anything in the Constitution. That must be maintained, for it is the only safeguard of our liberties. There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress by mob law. Everybody likes a compliment. I do not think much of a man who is not wiser today than he was yesterday. Ballots are the rightful and peaceful successors to bullets. I am rather inclined to silence. Discourage litigation. Persuade your neighbors to compromise whenever you can. As a peacemaker the lawyer has superior opportunity of being a good man. There will still be business enough. The probability that we may fail in the struggle ought not to deter us from the support of a cause we believe to be just. Important principles may, and must, be inflexible. He has a right to criticize, who has a heart to help. Lets have faith that right makes might; and in that faith let us, to the end, dare to do our duty as we understand it. The people will save their government, if the government itself will allow them. With the fearful strain that is on me night and day, if I did not laugh I should die. Gold is good in its place; but loving, brave, patriotic men are better than gold. I learned a great many years ago that in a fight between husband and wife, a third party should never get between the woman's skillet and the man's ax-helve. The time comes upon every public man when it is best for him to keep his lips closed. Public sentiment is everything. With public sentiment, nothing can fail. Without it, nothing can succeed. When you have got an elephant by the hind legs and he is trying to run away, it's best to let him run. Common looking people are the best in the world: that is the reason the Lord makes so many of them. These men ask for just the same thing, fairness, and fairness only. This, so far as in my power, they, and all others, shall have. There may sometimes be ungenerous attempts to keep a young man down; and they will succeed, too, if he allows his mind to be diverted from its true channel to brood over the attempted injury. The people themselves, and not their servants, can safely reverse their own deliberate decisions. By what principle of original right is it that one-fiftieth or one-ninetieth of a great nation, by calling themselves a State, have the right to break up and ruin that nation as a matter of original principle? Let not him who is houseless pull down the house of another, but let him work diligently and build one for himself, thus by example assuring that his own shall be safe from violence when built. With public sentiment, nothing can fail. Without it, nothing can succeed. Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not for themselves; and under the rule of a just God, cannot long retain it. Stand with anybody that stands right, stand with him while he is right and part with him when he goes wrong. Upon the subjects of which I have treated, I have spoken as I have thought. I may be wrong in regard to any or all of them; but, holding it a sound maxim that it is better only sometimes to be right than at all times to be wrong, so soon as I discover my opinions to be erroneous, I shall be ready to renounce them. The highest art is always the most religious, and the greatest artist is always a devout person. Don't swap horses in crossing a stream. I have always hated slavery, I think, as much as any abolitionist. I have been an Old Line Whig. I have always hated it, but I have always been quiet about it until this new era of the introduction of the Nebraska Bill began. If I like a thing, it just sticks after once reading it or hearing it. Concede that the new government of Louisiana is only to what it should be, as the egg is to the fowl; we shall sooner have the fowl by hatching the egg than by smashing it. I have always been an old-line Henry Clay Whig. Whether slavery shall go into Nebraska, or other new territories, is not a matter of exclusive concern to the people who may go there. The whole nation is interested that the best use shall be made of these territories. We want them for the homes of free white people. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved - I do not expect the house to fall - but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Our Declaration of Independence was held sacred by all and thought to include all; but now, to aid in making the bondage of the Negro universal and eternal, it is assailed, sneered at, construed, hawked at, and torn, till, if its framers could rise from their graves, they could not at all recognize it. If a man had more than one life, I think a little hanging would not hurt this one; but after he is once dead, we cannot bring him back, no matter how sorry we may be; so the boy shall be pardoned. There is another old poet whose name I do not now remember who said, 'Truth is the daughter of Time.' If you think you can slander a woman into loving you, or a man into voting for you, try it till you are satisfied. Every man is said to have his peculiar ambition. Whether it be true or not, I can say, for one, that I have no other so great as that of being truly esteemed of my fellow-men, by rendering myself worthy of their esteem. How far I shall succeed in gratifying this ambition is yet to be developed. Knavery and flattery are blood relations. The man who could go to Africa and rob her of her children, and then sell them into interminable bondage, with no other motive than that which is furnished by dollars and cents, is so much worse than the most depraved murderer that he can never receive pardon at my hand. That I am not a member of any Christian church is true; but I have never denied the truth of the Scriptures, and I have never spoken with intentional disrespect of religion in general, or of any denomination of Christians in particular. Extemporaneous speaking should be practiced and cultivated. It is the lawyer's avenue to the public. However able and faithful he may be in other respects, people are slow to bring him business if he cannot make a speech. I hold that while man exists, it is his duty to improve not only his own condition, but to assist in ameliorating mankind. 'A living dog is better than a dead lion.' Judge Douglas, if not a dead lion for this work, is at least a caged and toothless one. How can he oppose the advances of slavery? He don't care anything about it. Labor is prior to, and independent of, capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if labor had not first existed. Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much the higher consideration. Whatever woman may cast her lot with mine, should any ever do so, it is my intention to do all in my power to make her happy and contented; and there is nothing I can imagine that would make me more unhappy than to fail in the effort. You may think it was a very little thing, and in these days it seems to me like a trifle, but it was a most important incident in my life. I could scarcely credit that I, the poor boy, had earned a dollar in less than a day; that by honest work, I had earned a dollar. I was a more hopeful and thoughtful boy from that time. The way for a young man to rise is to improve himself in every way he can, never suspecting that anybody wishes to hinder him. Let reverence for the laws be breathed by every American mother to the lisping babe that prattles on her lap - let it be taught in schools, in seminaries, and in colleges; let it be written in primers, spelling books, and in almanacs; let it be preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative halls, and enforced in courts of justice. I go to assume a task more difficult than that which devolved upon Washington. Unless the great God, who assisted him, shall be with me and aid me, I must fail; but if the same omniscient mind and almighty arm that directed and protected him shall guide and support me, I shall not fail - I shall succeed. Surely God would not have created such a being as man, with an ability to grasp the infinite, to exist only for a day! No, no, man was made for immortality. Let the people on both sides keep their self-possession, and just as other clouds have cleared away in due time, so will this, and this great nation shall continue to prosper as before. The assertion that 'all men are created equal' was of no practical use in effecting our separation from Great Britain and it was placed in the Declaration not for that, but for future use. The mystic cords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the angels of our nature. I like to see a man proud of the place in which he lives. I like to see a man live so that his place will be proud of him. I pass my life in preventing the storm from blowing down the tent, and I drive in the pegs as fast as they are pulled up. Biographies, as generally written, are not only misleading but false... In most instances, they commemorate a lie and cheat posterity out of the truth. Slavery is founded in the selfishness of man's nature - opposition to it is his love of justice. These principles are an eternal antagonism; and when brought into collision so fiercely, as slavery extension brings them, shocks and throes and convulsions must ceaselessly follow. For my part, I desire to see the time when education - and by its means, morality, sobriety, enterprise and industry - shall become much more general than at present, and should be gratified to have it in my power to contribute something to the advancement of any measure which might have a tendency to accelerate the happy period. I was born and have ever remained in the most humble walks of life. We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. I know that the Lord is always on the side of the right; but it is my constant anxiety and prayer that I and this nation may be on the Lord's side. A capacity, and taste, for reading gives access to whatever has already been discovered by others. Republicans are for both the man and the dollar, but in case of conflict the man before the dollar. The legal right of the Southern people to reclaim their fugitives I have constantly admitted. The legal right of Congress to interfere with their institution in the states, I have constantly denied. If there is anything that a man can do well, I say let him do it. Give him a chance. No policy that does not rest upon some philosophical public opinion can be permanently maintained. I am humble Abraham Lincoln. I have been solicited by my friends to become a candidate for the Legislature. My politics are short and sweet, like the old woman's dance. I go for all sharing the privileges of the government, who assist in bearing its burdens. Consequently, I go for admitting all whites to the right of suffrage, who pay taxes or bear arms (by no means excluding females). We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions, conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty, than any of which the history of former times tells us. It is a quality of revolutions not to go by old lines or old laws, but to break up both and make new ones. Any people anywhere, being inclined and having the power, have the right to rise up, and shake off the existing government, and form a new one that suits them better. This is a most valuable - a most sacred right - a right, which we hope and believe, is to liberate the world. All the armies of Europe, Asia and Africa combined, with all the treasure of the earth (our own excepted) in their military chest; with a Buonaparte for a commander, could not by force, take a drink from the Ohio, or make a track on the Blue Ridge, in a trial of a thousand years. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in course of ultimate extinction, or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become alike lawful in all the States - old as well as new - North as well as South. A private soldier has as much right to justice as a major-general. When I hear a man preach, I like to see him act as if he were fighting bees. In so far as the government lands can be disposed of, I am in favor of cutting up the wild lands into parcels so that every poor man may have a home. I understand a ship to be made for the carrying and preservation of the cargo, and so long as the ship can be saved, with the cargo, it should never be abandoned. This Union likewise should never be abandoned unless it fails and the possibility of its preservation shall cease to exist, without throwing passengers and cargo overboard. We think the Dred Scott decision is erroneous. We know the court that made it has often overruled its own decisions, and we shall do what we can to have it overrule this. When the white man governs himself, that is self-government; but when he governs himself and also governs another man, that is more than self-government - that is despotism. The point - the power to hurt - of all figures lies in the truthfulness of their application. Upon the subject of education, not presuming to dictate any plan or system respecting it, I can only say that I view it as the most important subject which we, as a people, can be engaged in. I desire so to conduct the affairs of this administration that if at the end... I have lost every other friend on earth, I shall at least have one friend left, and that friend shall be down inside of me. I have great respect for the semicolon; it is a mighty handy little fellow. I believe this government cannot endure permanently, half slave and half free. Being elected to Congress, though I am very grateful to our friends for having done it, has not pleased me as much as I expected. If ever I feel the soul within me elevate and expand to those dimensions not wholly unworthy of its Almighty Architect, it is when I contemplate the cause of my country, deserted by all the world beside, and I standing up boldly and lone and hurling defiance at her victorious oppressors. As our case is new, we must think and act anew. Some day I shall be President. I never went to school more than six months in my life, but I can say this: that among my earliest recollections, I remember how, when a mere child, I used to get irritated when anybody talked to me in a way I could not understand. In my view of the present aspect of affairs, there is no need of bloodshed and war. There is no necessity for it. I am not in favor of such a course, and I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the government. The government will not use force unless force is used against it. I perhaps ought to say that individually I never was much interested in the Texas question. I never could see much good to come of annexation, inasmuch as they were already a free republican people on our own model. Nothing new here, except my marrying, which to me is a matter of profound wonder. Hold on with a bulldog grip, and chew and choke as much as possible. If we could first know where we are, and whither we are tending, we could then better judge what to do, and how to do it. I can express all my views on the slavery question by quotations from Henry Clay. To give victory to the right, not bloody bullets, but peaceful ballots only, are necessary. It is a great piece of folly to attempt to make anything out of my early life. If the people of Utah shall peacefully form a State Constitution tolerating polygamy, will the Democracy admit them into the Union? Why was the amendment, expressly declaring the right of the people to exclude slavery, voted down? Plainly enough now, the adoption of it would have spoiled the niche for the Dred Scott decision. The people know their rights, and they are never slow to assert and maintain them when they are invaded. Never stir up litigation. A worse man can scarcely be found than one who does this. Every one desires to live long, but no one would be old. If I were to try to read, much less answer, all the attacks made on me, this shop might as well be closed for any other business. I believe it is universally understood and acknowledged that all men will ever act correctly, unless they have a motive to do otherwise. Books serve to show a man that those original thoughts of his aren't very new at all. Some single mind must be master, else there will be no agreement in anything. Allow the president to invade a neighboring nation whenever he shall deem it necessary to repel an invasion,and you allow him to do so whenever he may choose to say he deems it necessary for such purpose - and you allow him to make war at pleasure. I hope to stand firm enough to not go backward, and yet not go forward fast enough to wreck the country's cause.