From 2015 to 2019, the all-food CPI rose 4.5 percent—a smaller increase than the all-items CPI, which was 7.9 percent higher over the same time period. Food price increases were also below the 11.7-percent rise in housing costs and 11.6-percent increase in medical care costs. Retail pricing strategies, efficient food supply chains, slow wage growth, and relatively low oil prices have tempered food price inflation during this time period.