The US government is researching technology that it hopes will turn soldiers into cyborgs, allowing them to connect directly to computers.

The US military’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Darpa) has unveiled a research programme called Neural Engineering System Design (NESD) which aims to develop an implantable neural interface, connecting humans directly to computers.

Human-computer interfaces are not a new research topic, but most have been hampered by slow, limited control, providing movement of robotic prosthetics or allowing humans to input text or similar into a computer by concentrating on certain feelings or thoughts of motions.

Phillip Alvelda, NESD manager for Darpa, said: “Today’s best brain-computer interface systems are like two supercomputers trying to talk to each other using an old 300-baud modem. Imagine what will become possible when we upgrade our tools to really open the channel between the human brain and modern electronics.”

At the moment, human-computer interfaces connect a large number of neurons at a time – somewhere between 100 and 1,000 - to a machine. Darpa aims to refine the technology so as to connect individual neurons. This would give much finer control, reduce noise and, in theory, speed up communications between a human and a computer.

The lofty goal will require breakthroughs in neuroscience, synthetic biology, low-power electronics, photonics, medical device manufacturing and packaging, as well as clinical testing, according to the research agency.

While anything funded via Darpa has the end goal of a military application, human-computer interfaces are currently standing in the way of advanced civil applications, not least the replacement of lost limbs, restoration of sight and other senses, as well as the control of disease.

The NESD programme ties into the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (Brain) initiative launched by Barack Obama in 2013, which pledged $100m towards research aiming to cure or help brain disorders and brain damage.