Officials of JPMorgan declined to comment on its relationships with regulators.

Long before the recent trading blunder, JPMorgan had a pattern of pushing back on regulators, according to more than a dozen current and former regulators interviewed for this article. That resistance increased after Mr. Dimon steered JPMorgan through the financial crisis in better shape than virtually all its rivals.

“JPMorgan has been screaming bloody murder about not needing regulators hovering, especially in their London office,” said a former examiner embedded at the bank, adding, in reference to Mr. Dimon, “But he was trusted because he had done so well through the turmoil.”

Even now, executives at JPMorgan disagree with some regulators over how quickly the bank should unwind the soured trade, according to people briefed on the negotiations. JPMorgan would like to be done with the bad bet that has resulted in at least $3 billion in losses already, but senior executives argue it is a delicate process, especially as traders and hedge funds on the opposite side of the trade seize on the fact that JPMorgan is under pressure to exit the position.

Senior staff members at the Federal Reserve want the bank out of the position “yesterday,” according to a regulator privy to the discussions who insisted on anonymity because the talks are private.

Some politicians — including Senator Bernard Sanders, independent of Vermont, and Elizabeth Warren, a Democrat running for Senate in Massachusetts — argue that Mr. Dimon’s position at the New York Fed further compromises regulatory oversight. “Mr. Dimon should not be in a position to have such influence on a major regulator,” Ms. Warren said. When asked on PBS’s “NewsHour” last week about JPMorgan, Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner said that regulators needed to “be above any political influence.” He did not say Mr. Dimon should resign from the Fed, but he acknowledged that the perception of a conflict was “a problem.”

At the bank’s annual shareholder meeting last week in Tampa, Fla., Mr. Dimon pointed out that he served as an economic adviser at the New York Fed. Bankers who sit on the New York Fed do not have a say about the supervision of banks or the writing of rules, but provide guidance on the state of the economy, according to Fed officials. Mr. Dimon, however, has been a vocal critic of some bank regulatory reforms being drafted in Washington.

Current and former regulators said that lower-level officials at JPMorgan had at times tried to undermine their supervision of the bank. JPMorgan has a reputation for challenging regulators more forcefully than rival banks like Citigroup and Goldman Sachs, former New York Fed officials said. Long before the recent trade, an embedded examiner said he had asked for JPMorgan’s three- to five-year capital plan, and after waiting a couple of days was told that the bank’s management had gone over his head and “already sent it to my bosses.” By cutting out lower-level regulators, the bank officials telegraphed a message that those concerns were irrelevant, the former examiner said.