BRUSSELS — European antitrust regulators, which have been aggressively pursuing what they see as anticompetitive practices among technology companies, could impose their largest fine ever in a market-dominance case against the chip maker Intel.

The size of the penalty will be discussed by representatives from 27 European Union governments in early May. The decision would follow landmark rulings by the European Commission against Microsoft, which also is being investigated over its Internet Explorer browser, and a settlement with I.B.M., which is again the subject of a complaint.

The commission began investigating Intel in 2000 after Advanced Micro Devices, its archrival, filed a complaint. Both chip makers are based in the United States.

In two sets of charges, in 2007 and 2008, the commission accused Intel of abusing its dominant position in computer chips by giving large rebates to computer makers, by paying computer makers to delay or cancel product lines and by offering chips for powerful server computers at prices below actual cost.