More millennials in the United States are suffering from chronic health problems, potentially restraining the lifetime economic potential of a generation.

A jump in conditions such as depression, hypertension and high cholesterol among younger people could increase healthcare costs and lower incomes in coming years, according to a report Wednesday from the Blue Cross Blue Shield Assn., a federation of 36 independent companies that together provide coverage for 1 in 3 Americans.

From 2014 to 2017, rates of depression among millennials surged 31%, hyperactivity rose 29%, and hypertension increased 16%, according to the report. High cholesterol and tobacco-use disorder also increased.

Without change, the effects of those trends could be game-changing for the United States and its economy, the report warned. U.S. healthcare costs are already high and climbing, on track to make up nearly 20% of gross domestic product in coming years.


It’s likely that a tough economy has played a role in millennials’ health, since a large part of the group entered the workforce in the latest financial crisis and is grappling with burdensome student-debt loads, said Mark Zandi, chief economist for Moody’s Analytics, which prepared the report using Blue Cross Blue Shield data. Zandi called it a self-reinforcing dynamic and “vicious cycle” that needed to be disrupted.

“To address this brewing crisis,” he said, “it’s going to take action not only from the perspective of the economy but also from the perspective of healthcare.”

Millennials were born in the years 1981 to 1996, meaning the oldest turned 38 in 2019. The generation is known for its technological savvy, generally high levels of education, and demographic diversity. There are roughly 73 million U.S. millennials, and this year, they are expected to become the largest U.S. generation as more baby boomers die, according to the Pew Research Center.

The new report didn’t provide a precise estimate for the effects of worsening millennial health on U.S. economic output. Instead, it predicted the generation’s lower levels of health could eventually cost the oldest millennials more than $4,500 in annual income.


Under the worst-case scenario, millennial healthcare costs could climb 33% compared with the prior generation, according to the report. If nothing changes, current trends also could indicate an increase of more than 40% in death rates among millennials as compared with Generation X, the group born between millennials and baby boomers, the report found.

A prior analysis from the Blue Cross Blue Shield Assn., in April, focused on the increasing prevalence of the 10 most common conditions among millennials, a list that included hyperactivity and diabetes, finding that they were more frequently diagnosed among millennials than among members of the previous generation.

Other research also has raised concerns about millennial health, particularly mental health. Drug-related deaths among the group have surged in the last decade, as have alcohol-induced fatalities and suicides, according to an analysis this year by the groups Trust for America’s Health and Well Being Trust.

Health problems have afflicted earlier generations, influenced by such factors as the Vietnam War and the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the report said. But the breadth of millennial health issues makes finding a specific cause trickier. Along with the shadow cast by the financial crisis, Moody’s Zandi pointed to the opioid crisis and said extended wars in Afghanistan and Iraq also could be important.


The report relied on five years of data from the Blue Cross Blue Shield Health Index, which is based on health-insurance claims from more than 41 million Blue Cross Blue Shield members who are commercially insured.