Under the current system, copyright cases are expensive and must be heard in federal court. The time and cost involved often deters creators from pursuing legal action. The CASE Act is meant to remedy that by creating a Copyright Claims Board to resolve disputes. It was introduced last spring by Rep. Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY) and Rep. Doug Collins (R-GA).

Penalties would be capped at $30,000, which some argue is a small claim and others say could bankrupt many Americans. Anyone accused of copyright would have sixty days to opt-out of the Copyright Claims Board process, in which case the plaintiff would have to seek legal action in court.

The CASE Act has earned support from the American Bar Association, but it's drawn criticism from the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EEF) and the Berkeley Center for Law & Technology. In a letter regarding the bill, the ACLU wrote:

"We do not oppose the idea of creating a small claims process to allow copyright owners to assert infringement and be awarded damages for the harm caused. There is evidence that strongly suggests a need for such a system, as many copyright holders have argued. However, we believe that changes are needed to ensure adequate safeguards for due process and the protection of the freedom of speech."

EEF points out that if for some reason a defendant misses or ignores notification from the board, they could miss the opt-out window and be left to pay the fine of up to $30,000. Others worry that the bill could deny defendants the right to appeal decisions, and some say the system lacks the safeguards needed to ensure that it's not abused by trolls, as we've seen happen with Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) takedowns.

The Senate Judiciary Committee voted the bill out of committee this summer, but it still faces a Senate vote before it's final.