Ibn Saud's Wahhabis committed their customary massacres, slaughtering women and children as well as going into mosques and killing traditional Islamic scholars

"never acknowledged the mandates on Arab countries and still protest against the British Government which has made Palestine a national home for the Jews."19

they portrayed and argued that Ibn Saud's invasion of Hijaz was motivated by religious fanaticism rather than by British imperialism's geopolitical considerations

the British portrayed Ibn Saud's Wahhabi fanatics as a benign and misunderstood force who only wanted to bring Islam back to its purest form

the two holiest sites in Islam are today governed by the Saudi clan and Wahhabi teachings because the Empire was laying the foundations for Zionism in Palestine in the 1920s

Notes

The covert alliance between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Zionist entity of Israel should be no surprise to any student of British imperialism.. Indeed, one can peruse any undergraduate or post-graduate British university prospectus and rarely find a module in a Politics degree on the British Empire let alone a dedicated degree or Masters degree. Of course if the European-led imperialist carnage in the four years between 1914 - 1918 tickles your cerebral cells then it's not too difficult to find an appropriate institution to teach this subject,. One must admit, that from the British establishment's perspective,In late 2014, according to the American journal, Foreign Affairs , the Saudi petroleum Minister Ali al-Naimi is reported to have said "His Majesty King Abdullah has always been a model for good relations between Saudi Arabia and other states, and the Jewish state is no exception." Recently, Abdullah's successor, King Salman expressed similar concerns to those of Israel's to the growing agreement between the United States and Iran over the latter's nuclear program. This led some to report that Israel and KSA presented a " united front " in their opposition to the nuclear deal. This was not the first time the Zionists and Saudis have found themselves in the same corner in dealing with a perceived common foe., Imam. Gamal Abdul-Nasser's Egypt militarily backed the republicans, while the British induced the Saudis to finance and arm the remaining remnants of the Imam's supporters. Furthermore, the British organized the Israelis to drop arms for the British proxies in North Yemen, 14 times . The British, in effect, militarily but covertly, brought the Zionists and Saudis together in 1960s North Yemen against their common foe.However,. The defeat of the Ottoman Empire by British imperialism in World War One left three distinct authorities in the Arabian peninsula: Sharif of Hijaz, Hussain bin Ali of Hijaz (in the west); Ibn Rashid of Ha'il (in the north); and Emir Ibn Saud of Najd (in the east), and his religiously fanatical followers, the Wahhabis.Ibn Saud had entered the war early in January 1915 on the side of the British, but was quickly defeated and his British handler, William Shakespear was killed by the Ottoman Empire's ally Ibn Rashid. This defeat greatly hampered Ibn Saud's utility to the Empire and left him militarily hamstrung for a year.The Sharif contributed the most to the Ottoman Empire's defeat by switching allegiances and leading the so-called 'Arab Revolt' in June 1916, which removed the Turkish presence from Arabia.. The letters exchanged between Sharif Hussain and Henry McMahon are known as the McMahon-Hussain Correspondence.Understandably, the Sharif as soon as the war ended wanted to hold the British to their war-time promises, or what he perceived to be their war-time promises, as expressed in the aforementioned correspondence.. This new reality was contained in the British-written Anglo-Hijaz Treaty, which the Sharif was profoundly averse to signing.After all, the revolt of 1916 against the Turks was dubbed the 'Arab Revolt', not the 'Hijazi Revolt'.Actually, the Sharif let it be known that he will never sell out Palestine to the Empire's Balfour Declaration; he will never acquiescence to the establishment of Zionism in Palestine or accept the new random borders drawn across Arabia by British and French imperialists. For their part,The British let it be known to the Sharif that they were prepared to take drastic measures to bring about his approval of the new reality regardless of the service that he had rendered them during the War.. Initially, Lawrence and the Empire offered 80,000 rupees.The Sharif rejected it outright. Lawrence then offered him an annual payment of £100,000.The Sharif refused to compromise and sell Palestine to British Zionism.When financial bribery failed to persuade the Sharif, Lawrence threatened him with an Ibn Saud takeover. Lawrence claimed that "politically and militarily, the survival of Hijaz as a viable independent Hashemite kingdom was wholly dependent on the political will of Britain, who had the means to protect and maintain his rule in the region."In-between negotiating with the Sharif, Lawrence made the time to visit other leaders in the Arabian peninsula and informed them thatSimultaneously, after the Conference, Churchill traveled to Jerusalem and met with the Sharif's son, Abdullah, who had been made the ruler, "Emir", of a new territory called "Transjordan." Churchill informed Abdullah that he should persuade "his father to accept the Palestine mandate and sign a treaty to such effect," if not "the British would unleash Ibn Saud against Hijaz."In the meantime the British were planning to unleash Ibn Saud on the ruler of Ha'il, Ibn Rashid.Ibn Rashid had rejected all overtures from the British Empire made to him via Ibn Saud to be another of its puppets.More so, Ibn Rashid expanded his territory north to the new mandated [Sott ed - mandate means colony] Palestinian border as well as to the borders of Iraq in the summer of 1920.. More so, the Empire wanted the land routes between the Palestinian ports on the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf under the rule of a friendly party. At the Cairo Conference, Churchill agreed with an imperial officer, Sir Percy Cox, that "Ibn Saud should be 'given the opportunity to occupy Ha'il.'"By the end of 1920,Finally, in September 1921, the British unleashed Ibn Saud on Ha'il, which officially surrendered in November 1921. It was after this victory the British bestowed a new title on Ibn Saud. He was no longer to be "Emir of Najd and Chief of its Tribes" but "Sultan of Najd and its Dependencies". Ha'il had dissolved into a dependency of the Empire's Sultan of Najd.If the Empire thought that the Sharif, with Ibn Saud now on his border and armed to the teeth by the British, would finally become more amenable to the division of Arabia and the British Zionist colonial project in Palestine, they were mistaken. A new round of talks between Abdulla's son, acting on behalf of his father in Transjordan, and the Empire resulted in a draft treaty accepting Zionism. When it was delivered to the Sharif with an accompanying letter from his son requesting that he "accept reality", he didn't even bother to read the treaty and instead composed a draft treaty himself rejecting the new divisions of Arabia as well as the Balfour Declaration and sent it to London to be ratified!Ever since 1919 the British had gradually decreased Hussain's subsidy to the extent that by the early 1920s they had suspended it, while at the same time continued subsidizing Ibn Saud right through the early 1920s.After a further three rounds of negotiations in Amman and London, it dawned on the Empire that Hussain will never relinquish Palestine to, or accept the new divisions in Arab lands.In March 1923, the British informed Ibn Saud that they will cease his subsidy but not without awarding him an advance 'grant' of £50,000 upfront, which amounted to a year's subsidy.In March 1924, a year after the British awarded the 'grant' to Ibn Saud, the Empire announced that it had terminated all discussions with Sharif Hussain to reach an agreement.Within weeks the forces of Ibn Saud and his Wahhabi followers began to administer what the British foreign secretary Lord Curzon called the "final kick" to Sharif Hussain and attacked Hijazi territory.By September 1924, Ibn Saud had overrun the summer capital of Sharif Hussain, Ta'if.- or, in diplomatic terms, they were informed "to give no countenance to interference in the Hedjaz".In Ta'if,They captured the holiest place in Islam, Mecca, in mid-October 1924. Sharif Hussain was forced to abdicate and went to exile to the Hijazi port of Akaba. He was replaced as monarch by his son Ali who made Jeddah his governmental base. As Ibn Saud moved to lay siege to the rest of Hijaz, the British found the time to begin incorporating the northern Hijazi port of Akaba into Transjordan. Fearing that Sharif Hussain may use Akaba as a base to rally Arabs against the Empire's Ibn Saud, the Empire let it be known in no uncertain terms that he must leave Akaba or Ibn Saud will attack the port. For his part, Sharif Hussain responded that he had,Sharif Hussain was forced out of Akaba, a port he had liberated from the Ottoman Empire during the 'Arab Revolt', on the 18th June 1925, on HMS Cornflower.Ibn Saud had begun his siege of Jeddah in January 1925 and the city finally surrendered in December 1925, bringing to an end over 1,000 years of rule by the Prophet Muhammad's descendants.. A certain George Rendel, an officer working at the Middle East desk at the Foreign Office in London, claimed credit for the new name.On the propaganda level, the British served the Wahhabi takeover of Hijaz on three fronts. Firstly,This deception is propounded to this day, most recently in Adam Curtis's acclaimed BBC Bitter Lake documentary, whereby he states that the "fierce intolerant vision of wahhabism" drove the "beduins" to create Saudi Arabia.Secondly,, where they are referred to in the western media as " moderate rebels ." Thirdly,. For example, Professor Eugene Rogan's recent study on the history of Arabs claims that "Ibn Saud had no interest in fighting" the Ottoman Empire. This is far from accurate as Ibn Saud joined the war in 1915. He further disingenuously claims that Ibn Saud was only interested in advancing "his own objectives" which fortuitously always dovetailed with those of the British Empire.In conclusion, one of the most overlooked aspects of the Balfour Declaration is the British Empire's commitment to "use their best endeavors to facilitate" the creation of "a national home for the Jewish people". Obviously, many nations in the world today were created by the Empire but what makes Saudi Arabia's borders distinctive is that its northern and north-eastern borders are the product of the Empire facilitating the creation of Israel. At the very least, the dissolution of the two Arab sheikhdoms of Ha'il and Hijaz by Ibn Saud's Wahhabis is based on their leaders' rejection to facilitate the British Empire's Zionist project in Palestine.. There is further irony in the fact that. Contemporaneously,As the United States, the 'successor' to the British Empire in defending Western interests in the Middle East, is perceived to be growing more hesitant in engaging militarily in the Middle East,[1] Gary Troeller, "The Birth of Saudi Arabia" (London: Frank Cass, 1976) pg.91.[2] Askar H. al-Enazy, "The Creation of Saudi Arabia: Ibn Saud and British Imperial Policy, 1914-1927" (London: Routledge, 2010), pg. 105-106.[3] ibid., pg. 109.[4] ibid., pg.111.[5] ibid.[6] ibid.[7] ibid., pg 107.[8] ibid., pg. 45-46 and pg.101-102.[9] ibid., pg.104.[10] ibid.[11] ibid., pg. 113.[12] ibid., pg.110 and Troeller, op. cit., pg.166.[13] al-Enazy op cit., pg.112-125.[14] al-Enazy, op. cit., pg.120.[15] ibid., pg.129.[16] ibid., pg. 106 and Troeller op. cit., 152.[17] al-Enazy, op. cit., pg. 136 and Troeller op. cit., pg.219.[18] David Howarth, "The Desert King: The Life of Ibn Saud" (London: Quartet Books, 1980), pg. 133 and Randall Baker, "King Husain and the Kingdom of Hejaz" (Cambridge: The Oleander Press, 1979), pg.201-202.[19] Quoted in al-Enazy op. cit., pg. 144.[20] ibid., pg. 138 and Troeller op. cit., pg. 216.[21]In the original full length BBC iPlayer version this segment begins towards the end at 2 hrs 12 minutes 24 seconds.[22] al-Enazy op. cit., pg. 153.[23] Eugene Rogan, "The Arabs: A History", (London: Penguin Books, 2009), pg.220.