Like a lot of people my age, I just missed out on seeing the original Star Wars movies in the theater. Instead, I grew up with them on VHS. And right around when I was really getting into them, in 1986, Star Wars went away.

Which perplexed me at the time. Why did Star Wars disappear in the mid 1980s? And why did it come back, and come back differently, starting in 1991? These questions haunted me so much, I eventually wrote a book about the subject: I Find Your Lack of Faith Disturbing: Star Wars and the Triumph of Geek Culture. Because it’s an interesting story, I’ll explain what happened in this series of blog posts.

Let’s start by going back to the beginning. The first Star Wars film came out in 1977, and was followed by two sequels: The Empire Strikes Back (1980), and Return of the Jedi (1983). Because they were big hits, they spawned a lot of peripheral products. For instance, there was the Star Wars Holiday Special, which aired on 17 November 1978.

There were also Star Wars comic books, published by Marvel, and featuring characters like Jaxxon, a giant green rabbit.

In ’84 and ’85, respectively, there were two television movies starring the Ewoks: Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure …

… and Ewoks: Battle for Endor.

In addition to Ewoks, the latter film featured Teek, an annoying alien who pestered Wilford Brimley.

And there were cartoon shows, like Droids and Ewoks, which first aired on 7 September 1985.

Droids didn’t last all that long, ending in June 1986. Ewoks made it to the end of the year, wrapping up on 13 December.

As you can see, there were a lot of Star Wars tie-in products released between ’77 and ’86. But after 1986, there was … nothing. The movies, the TV shows, the comics—as well as the action figures—they all came to an end. (In fact, the toy line, beloved by children at the time, ceased production in ’85.) When the Ewoks cartoon went off the air in December 1986, that was it. The following four and half years were Star Wars free.

At the time, I couldn’t understand it. Wasn’t Star Wars the biggest thing ever? Weren’t there going to be more movies, more toys, more comics, more TV series? How could something like that go away, disappear, less than ten years after it started? Weren’t they even going to mark the ten-year anniversary of the release of the first movie?

No. The four-plus years that followed were the Dark Times …

Of course, as we all know today, that wasn’t the end of the story. Star Wars returned in May 1991, with the publication of Timothy Zahn’s novel Heir to the Empire.

It was followed by two more novels, and then dozens more, going on to become what was known (at the time) as the Star Wars Expanded Universe.

Meanwhile, in December of that year, Dark Horse Comics picked up where Marvel had left off, publishing the miniseries Dark Empire.

Just like with Zahn’s novels, this opened the floodgates, and led to a great many more Star Wars comics.

There were also Star Wars video games: Star Wars for the Nintendo in ’91 (finally!), then Super Star Wars in ’92 for the SNES. Both of those games got sequels, and the following year saw the release of X-Wing, which led to a whole line of Star Wars-themed flight simulators for PCs.

And that’s not all! There was also a series of technical guidebooks, the Essential Guides, which started in 1995, giving fans a wealth of information about the franchise’s weapons, vehicles, planets, aliens, and more.

All of those product lines were successful, and are, more or less, still in production today (though some of them changed publishers, and some of them changed form—the Essential Guides, for instance, were supplanted by the Wookieepedia). Unlike the Ewok movies and Droids cartoon, they didn’t fade away.

What’s more, looking back now, it’s easy to see that the 1990s products were categorically different from the stuff released between 1978–1986. All of that old merchandising was aimed at kids. And a lot of it was goofy, looking to us today out of character for Star Wars. Most of it’s been forgotten, and if it’s remembered today, it’s mostly considered campy, or cringe-inducing.

So what happened? Why did Star Wars disappear, and why did it come back? And why did it change when it came back?

The obvious answer is that the kiddie Star Wars fans (like me) were growing up. But I couldn’t help but think there was more to the story. Because adults had been into Star Wars, too, back in the 1970s—everyone had liked it. (That’s what made it such a hit!)

It’s important to understand that, back when Star Wars first came out, it appealed to three different groups—three different demographics. First, it appealed to general audiences, people like my parents, who went to see it in the theater (how lucky). They had a great time, but they didn’t become big Star Wars fans. For instance, they didn’t go see the next two movies in the theater, and they sure as hell didn’t watch things like the Star Wars Holiday Special, or the Ewoks cartoon.

Star Wars also appealed to children. Lucas clearly realized this, because he made a lot of products for those fans—nearly all of the Star Wars merchandise released between 1977–86 was designed for them. But here’s the thing. Kids grow up quickly, and they age out of kiddie products just as quickly. In the mid-1980s, I wasn’t into things like the Ewoks movies or the cartoons. Baby stuff like that embarrassed me, Star Wars connoisseur that I was. (I wanted to see Darth Vader duel Obi-Wan on a planet made of lava. How awesome would that be!)

In addition to general audiences and kids, there was one more group that liked Star Wars—a third demographic. Namely, geeks!

In my book on geek culture, I argue that geeks aren’t just fans of all things science fiction and fantasy. Geeks tend to be techie people, people who like the STEM disciplines. As such, they like seeing those disciplines—science, technology, engineering, math—applied to fantasy. They don’t want fantasy that’s childish, or hokey, or campy, or goofy. Rather, they want realist fantasy.

This is another important point to understand. People routinely think of realism and fantasy as opposites, but they’re not. Realism is a mode, or a way of making art, while fantasy is a genre. Any given artwork in any given genre can be made to be more or less realist. It all depends on what kind of choices the artist makes. (If you’re interested the relationship between realism and fantasy, so am I, and I write extensively about it in my book.)

George Lucas was himself a geek, someone who first got into cars as a kid, then got into cameras and filmmaking equipment (which is what led him to develop Industrial Light and Magic, as well as things like the THX audio company). At the same time, Lucas loved fantasy. In particular, he loved the Flash Gordon serials, which he watched on television in the ’50s.

By the mid-1970s, Lucas couldn’t help but wonder what Flash Gordon might look like if it were remade, and done in a more realist style. His inspiration was the realist movies being made around him—the so-called “New Hollywood,” of which Lucas was a part—in which a number of filmmakers were busily applying realist techniques to staple Hollywood genres, such as crime films …

… and “creature feature” monster movies.

Today, people often think of Star Wars and Jaws as the films that brought an end to the New Hollywood, killing off realist, adult films like Bonnie and Clyde and The Godfather. But the reality is more complicated, and that argument misses the fact that Jaws and Star Wars were themselves classic products of the New Hollywood. Just like movies by Arthur Penn, William Friedkin, and Francis Ford Coppola, Jaws and Star Wars derived their power, and became smash hits, in large part by applying realism to popular genres, and thereby revitalizing them.

The realism of Star Wars appealed mightily to geeks. At the time, geeks were mostly underground, but they were out there, and they were starting to find one another through things like Star Trek conventions and fan zines. In the late ’70s and early ’80s, they embraced Star Wars. But they thought about it differently, and approached it differently, than kids did, and general audiences did. Indeed, they immediately began embroidering Star Wars, and expanding it, the same way they’d done with Star Trek, speculating about how lightsabers worked, and what the Kessel Run was, and what the Wookiee home planet was like—which are the kinds of things that geeks do.

… To be continued in Part 2!