RAMALLAH, West Bank — The Israeli military mounted a second round of airstrikes in Syria on Friday morning, killing all of the passengers traveling in a vehicle and intensifying the most serious conflict in the area in months.

The Israeli military said it was pursuing militants who had fired rockets at Israeli-controlled areas on Thursday, saying in a statement that the air force had “targeted part of the terror cell responsible for the rocket fire” but providing no further information.

Sana, the official Syrian news agency, said an Israeli drone strike hit a civilian vehicle on Friday near a marketplace in Al Koum, a village in the Quneitra area on the Syrian-controlled side of the Golan Heights.

Israel repeated its claim that Iran was ultimately to blame for the rocket fire, and sought to use the attack as further evidence that the United States Congress should reject the nuclear deal reached last month between world powers and Iran.