4. Summary

Latest headline figures from the CSEW and police recorded crime

Latest figures from the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) show there were an estimated 6.5 million incidents of crime against households and resident adults (aged 16 and over) in England and Wales for the year ending June 2015 (Table 1). This is an 8% decrease from 7.1 million incidents estimated in the previous year’s survey and continues the long term downward trend seen since the mid-1990s. The latest estimate is the lowest since the survey began in 1981. The total number of CSEW incidents is 30% lower than the 2009/10 survey estimate and 66% lower than its peak level in 1995.

Crime covered by the CSEW increased steadily from 1981, before peaking in 1995. After peaking, the CSEW showed marked falls up until the 2004/05 survey year. Since then, the underlying trend has continued downwards, but with some fluctuation from year to year (Figure 1).

The CSEW covers a broad range of, but not all, victim-based crimes experienced by the resident household population, including those which were not reported to the police. However, there are some serious but relatively low volume offences, such as homicide and sexual offences, which are not included in its headline estimates. The survey also currently excludes fraud and cyber crime from its headline estimates although there is ongoing development work to address this gap. Published alongside this bulletin is a supplementary publication Improving crime statistics in England and Wales: Fraud which discusses the relative merits of existing fraud data used in crime statistics, together with evidence from the recent CSEW field trial (367.1 Kb Pdf) aimed at improving this information.

Figure 1: Trends in police recorded crime for England and Wales and Crime Survey for England and Wales, year ending December 1981 to year ending June 2015 Source: Crime Survey for England and Wales, Office for National Statistics / Police recorded crime, Home Office Notes: Police recorded crime data are not designated as National Statistics Prior to the year ending March 2002, CSEW respondents were asked about their experience of crime in the previous calendar year, so year-labels identify the year in which the crime took place. Following the change to continuous interviewing, respondents’ experience of crime relates to the full 12 months prior to interview (i.e. a moving reference period). Year-labels for year ending March 2002 identify the CSEW year of interview CSEW data relate to households/adults aged 16 and over Some forces have revised their data and police recorded crime totals may not agree with those previously published Unless otherwise stated, the data on this chart refer to crimes recorded in the financial year (April to March) Download this image Figure 1: Trends in police recorded crime for England and Wales and Crime Survey for England and Wales, year ending December 1981 to year ending June 2015 .png (34.1 kB) .xls (156.7 kB)

The CSEW time series shown in Figure 1 doesn’t include crimes committed against children aged 10 to 15. The survey was extended to include such children from January 2009: data from this module of the survey are not directly comparable with the main survey of adults. The CSEW estimated that 711,000 crimes1 were experienced by children aged 10 to 15 in the year ending June 2015. Of this number, 44% were categorised as violent crimes2 (316,000), while most of the remaining crimes were thefts of personal property (266,000; 37%). Incidents of criminal damage to personal property (89,000; 13% of all crimes) and robbery (40,000; 6%) experienced by children were less common. The proportions of violent crime, personal property theft and robberies experienced by children aged 10 to 15 were similar to the previous year (49%, 38%, 6% respectively). Criminal damage made up a larger proportion of all crimes against children aged 10 to 15 than the previous year (6%).

Police recorded crime is restricted to offences that have been reported to and recorded by the police, and so doesn’t provide a total count of all crimes that take place. The police recorded 4.3 million offences in the year ending June 2015, an increase of 5% compared with the previous year (Table 2)3. Of the 44 forces (including the British Transport Police), 34 showed an annual increase in total recorded crime which was largely driven by rises in the volume of violence against the person offences. This increase in police recorded crime needs to be seen in the context of the renewed focus on the quality of crime recording.

Like CSEW crime, police recorded crime also increased during most of the 1980s and then fell each year from 1992 to 1998/99. Expanded coverage of offences in the police recorded crime collection, following changes to the Home Office Counting Rules (HOCR) in 1998, and the introduction of the National Crime Recording Standard (NCRS) in April 2002, saw increases in the number of crimes recorded by the police while the CSEW count fell. Following these changes, trends from both series tracked each other well from 2002/03 until 2006/07. While both series continued to show a downward trend between 2007/08 and 2012/13, the gap between them widened with police recorded crime showing a faster rate of reduction (32% compared with 19% for the CSEW, for a comparable basket of crimes)4.

More recently this pattern for the comparable basket of crimes has changed, with overall police recorded crime now showing an increase over the past year, while CSEW estimates have continued to fall, albeit at a slower rate. However, the changes in overall crime seen in both sources mask different trends for individual types of crime; for example the increases in violence, sexual offences and fraud in police recorded crime and the flattening out of the previous downward trend in violence estimated by the CSEW.

A likely factor behind the changing trend in police recorded crime is the renewed focus on the quality of recording by the police, in light of the inspections of forces by Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC), the Public Administration Select Committee (PASC) inquiry into crime statistics, and the UK Statistics Authority’s decision to remove the National Statistics designation. This renewed focus is thought to have led to improved compliance with the NCRS, leading to a greater proportion of crimes reported to the police now being recorded than previously.

Police recorded crime data is presented here within a number of broad groupings: victim-based crime; other crimes against society, and fraud. Victim-based crime5 accounted for 76% of all police recorded crime, with 3.3 million offences recorded in the year ending June 2015. This was an increase of 5% compared with the previous year. While there were decreases across many of the police recorded crime categories, these were offset by large increases in both violence against the person offences, which was up by 25% (an additional 163,398 offences), and sexual offences, up by 41% (an additional 27,602 offences).

Other crimes against society6 accounted for 10% of all police recorded crime, with 410,248 offences recorded in the year ending June 2015 (an increase of 3% compared with the previous year). Trends in such offences often reflect changes in police activity and workload, rather than levels of criminality. However, anecdotal evidence from forces suggests that some increases in this grouping, such as those seen in public order offences, are being driven by a tightening of recording practices. Public order offences accounted for the largest volume rise and increased by 24% (up by 33,263), miscellaneous crimes against society increased by 18% (up by 8,480), offences involving possession of weapons by 7% (up by 1,528), but drug offences decreased by 17% (down by 32,532).

The remaining 14% of recorded crimes were fraud offences. There were 599,689 fraud offences that were referred to the National Fraud Intelligence Bureau, based at the City of London Police in the year ending June 2015 (an increase of 9% on the previous year). This is the first time that the police recorded crime figures published by ONS include referrals to the NFIB from Cifas (266,701 cases) and FFA UK (95,489 cases). A limited time series for these new sources is available back to 2011/12 and the latest figures represent a 17% year on year increase in referrals from Cifas, but a 14% reduction from FFA UK. The vast majority of referrals from these 2 industry bodies were related to banking and credit industry fraud. However, it should be noted that cases are only referred to the NFIB where it is judged there is good investigative leads and the FFA UK have supplied ONS with data which shows their members recorded a total of 1.3 million cases of confirmed fraud on UK-issued cards. The ‘Fraud’ section has more information on these data sources.

Overall level of crime – other sources of crime statistics

Around 2 million incidents of anti-social behaviour (ASB) were recorded by the police for the year ending June 2015. These are incidents that were not judged to require recording as a notifiable offence within the Home Office Counting Rules for recorded crime. The number of ASB incidents in the year ending June 2015 decreased by 9% compared with the previous year. However, it should be noted that a review by HMIC in 2012 found that there was a wide variation in the quality of decision making associated with the recording of ASB. As a result, ASB incident data should be interpreted with caution.

In the year ending March 2015 (the latest period for which data are available) there were over 1 million convictions for non-notifiable offences (up 2% from the year ending March 2014), that are not covered in police recorded crime or the CSEW (for example: being drunk and disorderly; committing a speeding offence). There were 27,000 Penalty Notices for Disorder issued in relation to non-notifiable offences7.

The CSEW does not cover crimes against businesses and police recorded crime can only provide a partial picture (as not all offences come to the attention of the police). The 2013 Commericial Victimisation Survey and 2014 Commercial Victimisation Survey, respectively, estimated that there were 6.6 million and 4.8 million incidents of crime against business premises8 in England and Wales in the three comparable sectors covered by each survey ("Wholesale and retail", "Accommodation and food" and "Agriculture, forestry and fishing").

Trends in victim-based crime – CSEW

The CSEW provides coverage of a broad range of victim-based crimes, although there are necessary exclusions from its main estimates, such as homicide and sexual offences. This infographic looking at the people and crimes covered by the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) has more information on the coverage of the survey.

Estimates of violent crime from the CSEW have shown large falls between the 1995 and the 2004/05 survey. Since then the survey shows a general downward trend in violent crime, albeit with some fluctuations (notably in 2010/11).The apparent 4% fall in the latest year was not statistically significantly lower than the previous year’s estimate.

CSEW domestic burglary follows a similar pattern to that seen for all CSEW crime, peaking in the 1993 survey and then falling steeply until the 2004/05 CSEW. The underlying trend in domestic burglary remained fairly flat between the 2004/05 and 2010/11 surveys before further falls in 2012/13 and 2013/14. As a result estimates of domestic burglary for the year ending June 2015 are 29% lower than those in the 2004/05 survey. However, there has been no change in levels of domestic burglary between the year ending June 2014 and year ending June 2015 surveys (the apparent year-on-year decrease of 3% was not statistically significant).

The CSEW category of vehicle-related theft has shown a consistent downward trend since the mid-1990s. However, as with domestic burglary, there was no change in the level of vehicle-related theft in the last year (the apparent decrease of 3% was not statistically significant). The latest estimates indicate that a vehicle-owning household was around 5-times less likely to become a victim of such crime than in 1995.

The apparent 9% decrease in CSEW other household theft compared with the previous year was also not statistically significant. The lastest estimates show levels of other household theft slightly lower than those seen in the 2007/08 survey, following a period of year-on-year increases between the 2007/08 and 2011/12 surveys. Peak levels of other household theft were recorded in the mid-1990s and the latest estimate is around half the level seen in 1995.

The CSEW estimates that there were around 711,000 incidents of other theft of personal property in the survey year ending June 2015, these are offences which occur while the victim is away from the home, but the items stolen are not being carried on the person (such as theft of unattended property in pubs or restaurants). The underlying trend was fairly flat between 2004/05 and 2011/12 following marked declines from the mid-1990s; since 2011/12 estimates have decreased with the latest estimate 20% lower compared with the previous year. While this fall continues the general decline of other theft of personal property recorded by the survey it is possible that the extent of the decrease shown in the current estimate may have been exaggerated due to sampling variability rather than an acceleration of the downward trend.

Latest CSEW findings for bicycle theft show no change in the level of incidents in the year ending June 2015 compared with the previous year (the apparent 7% increase was not statistically significant). Over the long term, incidents of bicycle theft showed a marked decline between 1995 and the 1999 survey, with both small increases and decreases thereafter. Estimates for the year ending June 2015 are now 39% lower than in 1995 but remain similar to the level seen in 1999.

The number of incidents of criminal damage estimated by the CSEW showed no change in the year ending June 2015 compared with the previous year (the apparent 7% decrease was not statistically significant). The longer term trend shows a period of increasing incidents of criminal damage between 2003/04 and 2006/07 followed by a marked decline from 2008/09 onwards.

CSEW estimates for robbery decreased significantly from the previous year (37%). This estimate must be treated with caution and interpreted alongside police recorded crime as short term trends in these crimes are likely to fluctuate when measured by the CSEW due to the small number of victims interviewed in any one year. CSEW estimates for theft from the person showed no change in the year ending June 2015 compared with the previous year (the apparent 15% decrease was not statistically significant). In the year ending June 2015 police recorded robberies and thefts from the person also decreased (by 11% and 13% respectively); smaller amounts than the CSEW. Further information on these crimes is provided in the relevant sections of this bulletin.

Table 1: Number of CSEW incidents for year ending June 2015 and percentage change[1] England and Wales Adults aged 16 and over/households Offence group2 Jul '14 to Jun '15 July 2014 to June 2015 compared with: Jan '95 to Dec '95 Apr '04 to Mar '05 Apr '09 to Mar '10 Jul '13 to Jun '14 Number of incidents (thousands), percentage change and significance3 Violence 1,247 -68 * -38 * -26 * -4 with injury 657 -71 * -44 * -26 * 7 without injury 590 -62 * -30 * -26 * -14 Robbery 97 -72 * -61 * -70 * -37 * Theft offences 3,894 -67 * -33 * -22 * -8 * Theft from the person 442 -35 * -22 * -14 -15 Other theft of personal property 711 -66 * -36 * -29 * -20 * Unweighted base - number of adults 33,362 Domestic burglary 750 -69 * -29 * -18 * -3 Domestic burglary in a dwelling 520 -70 * -31 * -20 * -8 Domestic burglary in a non-connected building to a dwelling 230 -65 * -26 * -14 10 Other household theft 716 -54 * -15 * -18 * -9 Vehicle-related theft 872 -80 * -52 * -27 * -3 Bicycle theft 403 -39 * 3 -14 * 7 Criminal damage 1,267 -62 * -49 * -46 * -7 Unweighted base - number of households 33,315 All CSEW Crime 6,505 -66 * -38 * -30 * -8 * Source: Crime Survey for England and Wales, Office for National Statistics Notes: 1. More detail on further years can be found in Appendix Table A1. 2. Section 5 of the User Guide provides more information about the crime types included in this table. 3. Statistically significant change at the 5% level is indicated by an asterisk. Download this table Table 1: Number of CSEW incidents for year ending June 2015 and percentage change[1] .xls (33.8 kB)

Trends in victim-based crime – police recorded crime

Figure 2 focuses on selected police recorded crime offences with notable changes in the year ending June 2015 compared with the previous year.

Figure 2: Selected victim-based police recorded crime offences in England and Wales: volumes and percentage change between year ending June 2014 and year ending June 2015 Source: Police recorded crime, Home Office Notes: Police recorded crime data are not designated as National Statistics. ‘All other theft’ includes: theft of unattended items, blackmail, theft by an employee, and making off without payment. Download this image Figure 2: Selected victim-based police recorded crime offences in England and Wales: volumes and percentage change between year ending June 2014 and year ending June 2015 .png (12.5 kB) .xls (146.4 kB)

There was a 5% increase in victim-based crimes in the year ending June 2015 to 3.3 million offences. The total of 3.3 million offences is equivalent to 57 recorded offences per 1,000 resident population in England and Wales (though this shouldn’t be read as a victimisation rate as multiple offences could be reported by the same victim) – shown in Table 3.

The 25% increase in violence against the person offences recorded by the police is likely to be driven by improved compliance with the National Crime Recording Standard (NCRS) as the CSEW showed no significant change in estimated levels of violence in the year ending June 2015. The volume of recorded violence against the person crimes (830,289 offences) equates to approximately 14 offences recorded per 1,000 population in the year ending June 2015. The largest increase in total violence against the person offences was in the violence without injury subcategory, which showed an increase of 33% compared with the previous year. The violence with injury subcategory showed a smaller increase (16%) over the same period.

In the year ending June 2015 the police recorded 569 homicides, 44 more than the previous year9. This increase includes 2 months where the number of recorded homicides were relatively high. In June 2015, the police recorded 73 homicides and in November 2014, 59 homicides; compared with an average of 46 homicides per month over the last 2 years. The number of homicides recorded by the police fluctuates from year to year. Previous analysis10 has shown that many of the short-term fluctuations seen in the number of homicide incidents appear to arise as natural statistical variation in the data. The latest rise appears to be within the bounds of such natural variation in this series. Historically, the number of homicides increased from around 300 per year in the early 1960s to over 800 per year in the early years of this century, which was at a faster rate than population growth over that period11. However, over the past decade the volume of homicides has generally decreased while the population of England and Wales has continued to grow.

Offences involving firearms (excluding air weapons) have fallen 2% in the year ending June 2015 compared with the previous year. There has been a downward trend in this series, and the latest figures are over 50% less than it was at its peak in 2005/06. However, the number of offences that involved a knife or sharp instrument showed an increase (4%) over the past 12 months when compared with the previous year12 and contrasts with the previous general downward trend. Within the offence groups covered (Table 9a) larger rises were recorded in the offence categories of "assault with injury and assault with intent to cause serious harm" (up 15%). The latter offences are not as prone to changes in recording practice and thus this rise is thought to represent a real change in the downward trend seen in recent years and a more proactive police response to it. However, some forces also suggest that the general drive to improve recording may also be having an impact on some of these categories. Not all offences involving a knife or sharp instrument increased with robberies falling 11% in the year to June 2015. Possession of a knife or sharp instrument also increased by 9% to 10,154 offences.

Police recorded robberies also fell 11% in the year ending June 2015 compared with the previous year, from 56,189 offences to 50,239 offences. This is equivalent to around 1 offence recorded per 1,000 population and is the lowest level since the introduction of the NCRS in 2002/03 (when 110,271 offences were recorded). With the exception of a notable rise in the number of robberies in 2005/06 and 2006/07, there has been a general downward trend in robbery offences since 2002/03. The overall decrease has been driven by a fall in the number of offences recorded by the Metropolitan Police Force (which decreased by 18% to 21,883 offences). As robbery offences tended to be concentrated in large urban areas (44% were recorded in London).

Sexual offences recorded by the police increased by 41% compared with the previous year, to a total of 95,482 across England and Wales. Within this, the number of offences of rape increased by 43% and other sexual offences by 40%. These rises are the largest year-on-year increases since the introduction of the NCRS in 2002/03. These rises are likely to be due to an improvement in crime recording by the police and an increase in the willingness of victims to come forward and report to the police.

Previous increases in the number of sexual offences reported to the police were shown to have been related in part to a rise in the reporting of historical offences13 following ‘Operation Yewtree’, which began in 2012. Feedback from forces indicates that both current and historical offences (those that took place over 12 months before being reported) continued to rise in the year ending June 2015 compared with the previous year. However, the major volume contribution to this increase is believed to have come from current offences.

Total theft offences recorded by the police in the year ending June 2015 showed a 3% decrease compared with the previous year, continuing the year-on-year decrease seen since 2002/03. The majority of the categories in this offence group (burglary, vehicle offences, theft from the person, bicycle theft and ‘all other theft offences’) showed decreases compared with the previous year. One exception to this was shoplifting, which increased by 3% compared with the previous year (from 321,862 offences to 330,214), the highest level since the introduction of the NCRS in 2002/03. However, the rate of increase has slowed from the 7% seen in 2013/14. Vehicle interference increased by 71% (from 23,675 to 40,567) in the year ending June 2015 compared with the previous year. A change in the guidance within Home Office Counting Rules (HOCR) in April 2014 is likely to have led to offences that previously might have been recorded as attempted theft of, or from, a vehicle or criminal damage to a vehicle now being recorded as vehicle interference when the motive of the offender was not clear. Theft of a motor vehicle increased by 3% in the year ending June 2015 (from 75,177 to 77,220). This is the second consecutive quarter where figures have increased in this offence. Anecdotal evidence from forces suggests that the increase is largely due to thefts of motor cycles, scooters and mopeds, rather than 4-wheeled vehicles. Theft from the person offences recorded by the police in the year ending June 2015 showed a 13% decrease compared with the previous year. This is a reversal of recent trends, which showed year-on-year increases between 2008/09 and 2012/13. This latest decrease is thought to be associated with improved mobile phone security features14. The ‘Theft offences - Other theft of property’ section has more information.

Fraud offences

Alongside Action Fraud data, the police recorded crime series now includes England and Wales level estimates from 2 industry bodies, Cifas and FFA UK. Combined totals from these sources show that in the year ending June 2015, 599,689 fraud offences were recorded in England and Wales, a volume increase of 9% from the previous year. This is equivalent to 10 offences recorded per 1,000 population.

Action Fraud recorded 237,494 fraud offences reported to them by victims in England and Wales in the year ending June 2015. This represents a volume increase of 13% compared with the previous year. Due to the phased transition in responsibility for recording fraud offences from individual police forces to Action Fraud between April 2011 and March 2013, comparable data has only been available on a year on year basis for the year ending March 2015 (Appendix Table A5 (648 Kb Excel sheet)). The latest figures from Action Fraud suggest that while other acquisitive crimes continue to fall the level of fraud has increased.

Cifas also showed a 17% increase in referrals to NFIB (from 227,857 offences to 266,701 offences), while fraud offences referred by FFA UK decreased 14% (from 110,793 offences to 95,489 offences). FFA UK also collates data on the volume of fraud on UK-issued bank cards and other modes of payment, including cases that do not come to the attention of the NFIB. In the year ending June 2015, they reported 1.3 million cases of such fraud; the ‘Fraud’ section has further information.

It is, however, difficult to judge whether or not administrative data reflects changes in actual crime levels or increased reporting to the police. The CSEW data on plastic card fraud shows that, for the year ending June 2015 survey, 4.6% of plastic card owners were victims of card fraud in the last year, a decrease from the year earlier (when 5.2% of card owners were victims). This is consistent with the broader range of bank account and plastic card fraud data collected by FFA UK, which shows a 5% fall over the last year.

ONS is currently conducting work to extend the main victimisation module in the CSEW to cover elements of fraud and cyber-crime. There is more information in the recently published methodological note Update – Extending the CSEW to include fraud and cyber crime and in Section 5.4 of the User Guide (1.36 Mb Pdf). Results from a large-scale field trial of the new victimisation module questions are now available. For further information, please see Improving crime statistics in England and Wales: Fraud and the methodological note CSEW fraud and cyber-crime development: Field trial (367.1 Kb Pdf).

Table 2: Number of police recorded crimes for year ending June 2015 and percentage change [1,2,3] England and Wales Number and percentage change Offence group Jul '14 to Jun '15 July 2014 to June 2015 compared with: Apr '04 to Mar '05 Apr '09 to Mar '10 Jul '13 to Jun '14 Victim-based Crime 3,250,302 -35 -14 5 Violence against the person offences 830,289 -2 19 25 Homicide 569 -34 -8 8 Violence with injury4 390,538 -24 -3 16 Violence without injury5 439,182 33 48 33 Sexual offences 95,482 57 80 41 Rape 31,621 126 110 43 Other sexual offences 63,861 36 68 40 Robbery offences 50,239 -45 -33 -11 Robbery of business property 5,349 -33 -35 -6 Robbery of personal property 44,890 -46 -33 -11 Theft offences 1,760,747 -38 -17 -3 Burglary 408,088 -40 -25 -6 Domestic burglary 195,816 -39 -27 -6 Non-domestic burglary 212,272 -41 -22 -7 Vehicle offences 355,090 -57 -28 -3 Theft of a motor vehicle 77,220 -68 -34 3 Theft from a vehicle 237,303 -53 -30 -11 Interfering with a motor vehicle 40,567 -47 7 71 Theft from the person 79,873 -35 -13 -13 Bicycle theft 92,897 -12 -15 -4 Shoplifting 330,214 17 7 3 All other theft offences6 494,585 -40 -16 -2 Criminal damage and arson 513,545 -57 -36 3 Other crimes against society 410,248 -10 -19 3 Drug offences 160,876 10 -32 -17 Trafficking of drugs 26,690 10 -20 -8 Possession of drugs 134,186 10 -34 -18 Possession of weapons offences 22,492 -45 -22 7 Public order offences 171,547 -11 -9 24 Miscellaneous crimes against society 55,333 -27 6 18 Total fraud offences7 599,689 .. .. 9 Total recorded crime - All offences including fraud7 4,260,239 -24 -2 5 Source: Police recorded crime, Home Office Notes: 1. Police recorded crime data are not designated as National Statistics. 2. Police recorded crime statistics based on data from all 44 forces in England and Wales (including the British Transport Police). 3. Appendix table A4 provides detailed footnotes and further years. 4. Includes attempted murder, intentional destruction of viable unborn child, causing death by dangerous driving/careless driving when under the influence of drink or drugs, more serious wounding or other act endangering life (including grievous bodily harm with and without intent), causing death by aggravated vehicle taking and less serious wounding offences. 5. Includes threat or conspiracy to murder, harassment, other offences against children and assault without injury (formerly common assault where there is no injury). 6. All other theft offences now includes all 'making off without payment' offences recorded since year ending March 2003. Making off without payment was previously included within the fraud offence group, but following a change in the classification for year ending March 2014, this change has been applied to previous years of data to give a consistent time series. 7. Total fraud offences cover crimes recorded by the National Fraud Intelligence Bureau via Action Fraud, Cifas and Financial Fraud Action UK. Action Fraud have taken over the recording of fraud offences on behalf of individual police forces. Percentage changes compared with earlier years are not presented, as fraud figures for year ending 2005 and year ending 2010 covered only those crimes recorded by individual police forces. Given the addition of new data sources, it is not possible to make direct comparisons with earlier years. Download this table Table 2: Number of police recorded crimes for year ending June 2015 and percentage change [1,2,3] .xls (27.1 kB)

Table 3: Total police recorded crime - rate of offences[1,2,3] England and Wales Rate per 1,000 population Apr '04 to Mar '05 Apr '09 to Mar '10 Jul '13 to Jun '14 Jul '14 to Jun '15 Total recorded crime - all offences including fraud 107 79 71 74 Victim-based crime4 95 69 55 57 Other crimes against society 9 9 7 7 Total fraud offences 3 1 10 10 Source: Police recorded crime, Home Office Notes: 1. Police recorded crime data are not designated as National Statistics 2. Police recorded crime statistics based on data from all 44 forces in England and Wales (including the British Transport Police) 3. Appendix table A4 provides detailed footnotes and further years 4. Victim-based crime now includes all 'making off without payment' offences recorded since the year ending March 2003. Making off without payment was previously included within the fraud offence group, but following a change in the classification for the year ending March 2014, this change has been applied to previous years of data to give a consistent time series Download this table Table 3: Total police recorded crime - rate of offences[1,2,3] .xls (28.7 kB)

Notes for summary