As scientists scramble to develop a vaccine, researchers at Australia's Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity said they had taken an important step in understanding the virus by mapping the immune responses from one of country's first coronavirus patients.

By examining the blood results from an unidentified woman in her 40s, they discovered that people's immune systems respond to coronavirus in the same way it typically fights flu.

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The findings are an important step in developing a vaccine and treatment, the country's health minister said on Tuesday regarding the virus which has more than 168,000 people worldwide and killed at least 6,610.

While the bulk of those infected experience only mild symptoms, it is severe or critical in 20 percent of patients. The virus mortality rate is about 3.4 percent, the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated.

The findings help scientists understand why some patients recover while others develop more serious respiratory problems, the researchers said.

"People can use our methods to understand the immune responses in larger COVID-19 cohorts, and also understand what's lacking in those who have fatal outcomes," said Katherine Kedzierska, professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Melbourne, which took part in the research.

COVID-19 is the disease caused by the coronavirus.

Accurate prediction

As researchers monitored the Australian patient's immune response, they were able to accurately predict when she would recover.

Researchers did not name the patient, but said she was an Australian citizen who was evacuated out of Wuhan the epicentre of the coronavirus outbreak in China.

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Health Minister Greg Hunt described the development as "world- leading" and a significant development in research on the disease.

"It's about fast-tracking a vaccine by identifying which candidates are most likely to be successful," Hunt told reporters. "It's also about fast-tracking potential therapies and treatments for patients who already have coronavirus."

At least a dozen drugmakers around the world are working on vaccines or antiviral and other treatments for the fast-spreading contagion.

But investment costs for vaccines could run as high as $800m in a process that, even if accelerated, will likely take more than a year until approval, according to executives from companies involved in the effort.