BANDA ACEH, Indonesia – Indonesia’s westernmost province, is famous for many things: its rhythmic fast-paced Saman dance, beautiful beaches, majestic forests, and, importantly, food. The province covers more than 22,000 square miles, so trying to track down each of Aceh’s signature cuisines could be a challenge if you don’t have lots of time to travel. But if you happen to be in Banda Aceh, the special region’s capital, here are three culinary treats you should definitely not miss.

Founded in 1967, Mie Razali is a small,...