Image copyright AFP/Getty Images Image caption Robert Lloyd Schellenberg was sentenced to jail last year but had his case suddenly reviewed

The family of a Canadian man who has been sentenced to death in China say their "worst fears" have been realised.

Robert Lloyd Schellenberg was given a 15-year jail term in November but, on Monday, a court said the sentence for drug smuggling was too lenient.

The ruling is likely to worsen a diplomatic row between the countries.

Last month, Canada arrested a top official at the Chinese telecoms giant Huawei, Meng Wanzhou, on a request from the United States.

The detention of Ms Meng, 46, last month angered China and soured its relations with both Canada and the US.

Following Schellenberg's death sentence, Canada has updated its travel advice for China, urging citizens to "exercise a high degree of caution due to the risk of arbitrary enforcement of local laws".

Schellenberg's aunt, Lauri Nelson-Jones said the death sentence was "a horrific, unfortunate, heartbreaking situation".

"It is our worst case fear confirmed," she added. "It is rather unimaginable what he must be feeling and thinking."

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau condemned the ruling.

"It is of extreme concern to us as a government, as it should be to all our international friends and allies, that China has chosen to begin to arbitrarily apply the death penalty," he said in a statement.

China's foreign ministry said it was "strongly dissatisfied" with Mr Trudeau's remarks, and said Canada should respect China's sovereignty.

Schellenberg has 10 days to launch an appeal and his lawyer told Reuters news agency that he would probably do so.

What is Schellenberg's case about?

The Canadian, who is believed to be 36, was arrested in 2014 and accused of planning to smuggle almost 500lb (227kg) of methamphetamine from China to Australia.

He was sentenced to 15 years in prison in November but, following an appeal, a high court in the north-eastern city of Dalian on Monday sentenced him to death.

Image copyright Getty Images Image caption The court in north-eastern China where Schellenberg's case was reviewed

"I am not a drug smuggler. I came to China as a tourist," Schellenberg said just before the verdict was announced, the AFP news agency reports.

China is believed to execute more people annually than any other country, but is highly secretive about the number.

Human rights group Amnesty International puts the figure in the thousands - more than the rest of the world's nations put together.

A number of foreigners have been executed for drug-related offences in the past, including British man Akmal Shaikh, who was executed in 2009 despite claims he was mentally ill, and an appeal for clemency from the UK prime minister.

What's the bigger picture?

Relations between China and Canada have deteriorated rapidly since the arrest of Ms Meng in Vancouver on 1 December.

She was granted bail by a Canadian court several days later but remains under constant surveillance and must wear an electronic ankle tag.

Ms Meng, who is the daughter of Huawei's founder, is accused in the US of using a subsidiary of the company called Skycom to evade sanctions on Iran between 2009 and 2014.

She denies any wrongdoing and says she will contest the allegations.

Image copyright Reuters Image caption Meng Wanzhou is the daughter of Huawei's founder

In the weeks that followed her arrest China detained two other Canadian citizens.

Former diplomat Michael Kovrig and businessman Michael Spavor face accusations of harming national security.

China has denied the detention of the two men is tied to Ms Meng's arrest, but many analysts believe it is a tit-for-tat action.

Donald Clarke, a specialist in Chinese law at George Washington University, said that Schellenberg's death sentence appeared to be "an unprecedented step in China's diplomacy".

"I have seen cases I considered unjust before, but I cannot recall a previous case that looked so clearly unconnected to the defendant's guilt or innocence," Prof Clarke told the BBC's Chinese service.

China began working hard to push Schellenberg's case to international prominence, taking the highly unusual step of inviting foreign journalists into the court, the BBC's John Sudworth in Beijing reports.

And despite the Canadian's insistence that he is innocent, his retrial lasted just a day, with his death sentence being announced barely an hour after its conclusion, our correspondent says.

An editorial in the nationalist state-backed Chinese newspaper Global Times on Tuesday said "unreasonable speculation" in Western media linking his case to Ms Meng's showed "rude contempt toward Chinese law".

"The trial will also send the message that China won't yield to outside pressure in implementing its law," it said.

However, back in December, the editor of the Global Times warned that China would "definitely take retaliatory measures against Canada" if Ms Meng were not released.

Hu Xijin said in a video posted on the Global Times website: "If Canada extradites Meng to the US, China's revenge will be far worse than detaining a Canadian."