WASHINGTON — Maria Butina, the young firearms advocate and covert Russian agent who tried to infiltrate conservative Republican circles during the 2016 presidential campaign, is headed back to her home country after serving 15 months in prison for conspiring to act as a foreign agent.

Ms. Butina, 30, was released from federal prison on Friday into the custody of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the agency in charge of deportations. An agency spokeswoman declined to give details about the timing of her removal, citing agency policy.

While the Butina case did not stem from the special counsel’s investigation into Russia’s election interference, it was inextricably connected. During Ms. Butina’s sentencing hearing, the judge said Ms. Butina was transmitting political reports to Russia at the same time Russian intelligence operatives were covertly trying to influence the last presidential election.

Ms. Butina’s deportation comes as the Trump administration is trying to push back against new allegations that it was soliciting foreign assistance in the 2020 election. House Democrats have opened an impeachment inquiry into Mr. Trump.