Former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega has died at the age of 83, according to the country's current president.

Juan Carlos Varela announced the death of Noriega - who had brain surgery earlier this year - on Twitter on Monday night.

Noriega, who ruled Panama from 1983 to 1989, spied for the Central Intelligence Agency until the US invaded and toppled his corrupt government, ending a criminal career that saw him working with drug traffickers such as Pablo Escobar.

He accused Washington of a "conspiracy" to keep him behind bars and linked his incarceration to his refusal to help with a US plan for toppling Nicaragua's leftist Sandanista government in the 1980s.

:: 'CIA man in Panama': Noriega's rise and fall


Muerte de Manuel A. Noriega cierra un capítulo de nuestra historia; sus hijas y sus familiares merecen un sepelio en paz. — Juan Carlos Varela (@JC_Varela) May 30, 2017

Mr Varela said Noriega's death marked the closing of a chapter in the country's history.

He added: "His daughters and his relatives deserve to mourn in peace."

The Central American strongman made world headlines as his relationship with Washington soured.

The falling out culminated in the US sending almost 28,000 troops to seize Panama City and capture Noriega after a house-to-house hunt.

He spent the last three decades of his life in custody between the US, France and Panama for crimes ranging from murder to racketeering and drug-running.

He was serving a sentence for murder in Panama when he died.

Image: Noriega, pictured as he arrived at a Panama prison in 2011

In recent years he had suffered from various ailments including high blood pressure and bronchitis.

An operation in March aimed to remove a brain tumour but Noriega suffered a brain haemorrhage and had been in a coma since a second attempt at surgery.

A government official, speaking on condition of anonymity, said Noriega died at about 11pm local time (5am UK time) after his condition suddenly worsened.

He is survived by his wife, Felicidad, and three daughters, Lorena, Thays and Sandra.

With the knowledge of American officials, Noriega formed "the hemisphere's first narcokleptocracy", a US Senate subcommittee report said, calling him "the best example in recent US foreign policy of how a foreign leader is able to manipulate the United States to the detriment of our own interests".

Panama has undergone huge changes since Noriega was removed from power, taking over the Panama Canal from the US in 1999, vastly expanding the waterway and enjoying a tourism and property boom.