At present there is no satisfactory treatment against relapse of drug-seeking behavior. Relapse can be modeled in laboratory animals using reinstatement procedures, whereby previously extinguished self-administration for a drug is reinstated by different factors, such as exposure to cues or drug priming. It is thought that activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor complexes could represent a promising approach to pharmacotherapy for diminishing relapse potential with drugs possessing reinforcing properties.

The effects of baclofen (a prototypic GABA B receptor agonist) on cue-induced cocaine reinstatement were evaluated in the rat with or without a priming injection of cocaine. The effects of raclopride (an antagonist of dopamine D 2 receptors) were also evaluated.

Cue-induced reinstatement under vehicle resulted in a significant increase in the number of presses on the active lever, as compared with extinction lever responding. This effect was accentuated in rats receiving a priming injection of cocaine (cocaine-plus-cue-induced reinstatement). Baclofen, at doses without effects on food-motivated operant behavior (2.5 and 5 mg/kg i.p.), dose-dependently decreased the number of active lever presses during cue-induced reinstatement. Baclofen had slightly weaker effects on cocaine-plus-cue-induced reinstatement. Raclopride (0.08 and 0.15 mg/kg s.c.) had similar effects against cue-induced reinstatement although it failed to inhibit cocaine-plus-cue-induced reinstatement at the lower dose.

Baclofen dose-dependently and selectively decreased reinstatement of cocaine self-administration. The data obtained provide support for the potential anti-craving efficacy of baclofen in the treatment of cocaine drug-seeking.