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Source: Special-Education-Degree.net

For thousands of years the disabled were abandoned, left to die.

Today: 96 % of children with disabilities are educated in regular public schools in the U.S.

That’s 6.7 million

Timeline:

Ancient Times:

1552 BC: earliest reference to intellectual disability dates to the Egyptian Papyrus of Thebes.

800 BC: The ancient Greeks and Romans thought disabled children were born because the gods were angry.

FACT: Disabled children were abandoned and left to die

For hundreds of years…..

NOT Politically correct but true:

The words moron, imbecile, and idiot were once acceptable clinical terms in medicine and psychiatry for intellectually disabled people.

• Moron: was a person with an IQ between 50 and 70. They could benefit from education and support themselves.

• Imbecile: IQ between 35 and 49. These individuals could be taught basic social behavior and eventually learn to care for themselves.

• Idiot: IQ of less than 35. Severely impaired and totally dependent on others for their survival.

Colonial America: parents had few options other than to educate their children at home or pay for expensive private education.

1776: A founding father, with disability signs Declaration of Independence

FACT: Stephen Hopkins, a Declaration signer with cerebral palsy, upon signing, said “my hands may tremble, my heart does not.”

1779 – Thomas Jefferson proposes a two-track educational system, with different tracks for “the laboring and the learned.”

1817 – The Connecticut Asylum at Hartford for the Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons opens. It is the first permanent school for the deaf in the U.S.

FACT: 7: number of students in the first class. By end of the first year, 33 students.

1829 – The New England Asylum for the Blind, opens, the first school in the U.S. for children with visual disabilities.

6: Student enrollment in year one.

60: Enrollment by 1839.

1851 – The New York State Asylum for Idiots opens with 20 students.

1869 – Boston creates the first public day school for the deaf

Before 1975: many disabled children were denied access to public school,

• By 1969: More than 1 million children with disabilities still excluded from schools.

• Hundreds of thousands housed in state institutions.

1975 – Landmark legislation. Children with disabilities have the right to attend public schools, and learn in regular classrooms with non-disabled children. Law known today as IDEA (the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act).

1990: The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is enacted.

2001: No Child Left Behind. Law calls for all students, including students with disabilities, to be proficient in math and reading by 2014.

The numbers:

1983: 1 of 5 children with disabilities were educated in a regular school.

2012: NOW, thanks to IDEA, 96 % of children with disabilities are educated in regular schools.

4: percentage of children in 2012 with disabilities enrolled in schools for students with disabilities.

4.1 million: number of children and youth, ages 3-21 receiving special ed services in 1980-81

6.7 million: number (same age) in 2004-05, OR 14 % of total public school enrollment

6.4 million: number (same ages) in 2010-11, OR 13 % of total public school enrollment

50: percentage of students with disabilities that spend at least 80% of their day in regular classrooms.

3X: College enrollment rates among students with disabilities have more than tripled in the last 20 years.

2X: Special education teaching force has more than doubled in the last 20 years.

The Future of special ed: 2013-2014 and beyond

• With budgets tighter, and fewer teachers, program reforms needed

• Use of technologies, iPads, Apps to aid teachers

• Maximizing the meaningful interaction between students with disabilities and their non-disabled peers

Modern Day Heroes and Villains

Hero: Henry Winkler (the Fonz) Has dyslexia. Now children’s book author

Hero: Eva Langoria (Desperate Housewives): Started Eva’s Heroes, which helps teens and young adults with special needs.

Hero company: Skechers (the shoe company): fundraisers for special needs kids

Hero: Jimmy Kimmel: fundraiser. Has an autistic relative.

Hero: Sly Stallone: son has autism; a fundraiser

Modern Day Villain: Sequestration (2013)

• 5% reduction in federal funding of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

• Many schools will have fewer speech, occupational or physical therapists

• Many schools will have fewer social workers and school psychologists

• $579 million cut from IDEA Part B, which supports students age 3-21 with learning disabilities, speech or language impairments, intellectual disabilities, autism or emotional disturbances.

• 300,000 students receiving special education services affected

• Federal share of funding states for special ed programs falls to 14.9%, the lowest federal contribution by percent dating to 2001.

• More than 10,000 special ed teachers laid off in 2012, due to sequestration

• $900 million (devoted toward students with special needs) could be excluded from future funding propositions: Arne Duncan, Sec. of the Dept. of Education.

Question: Thousands of years after Plato, are we REALLY treating special ed kids any better than the Greeks and Romans would have?

Sources:

http://www.examiner.com/article/morons-imbeciles-and-idiots

http://www.ncld-youth.info/index.php?id=61

http://www.eds-resources.com/educationhistorytimeline.html

http://www.catherineshafer.com/history.html

http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cgg.asp

http://www.aypf.org/publications/special_ed.pdf

http://www.disabilitymuseum.org/dhm/lib/detail.html?id=1371&page=all

http://www.massmoments.org/moment.cfm?mid=68

http://admin.fortschools.org/PupilServices/StaffInfo/A%20TIMELINE%20OF%20SPECIAL%20EDUCATION%20HISTORY.htm

http://www.edubabbling.com/4-top-trends-in-education-for-2013-2014/

http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/09/10/sequester-hits-special-education/2793001/

http://special-needs.adoption.com/children/promising-practices-and-future-directions-for-special-education.html

http://www.futureofeducation.com/profiles/blogs/the-evolution-of-special-education