An existing cancer treatment could be used for a common form of lung cancer for which there is currently no specific treatment available, new research suggests. Scientists found the treatment blocked cell growth in a subtype of lung cancer.

The new findings, led by the University of Glasgow, have raised hopes a large number of patients could benefit from the treatment if used in combination with additional therapies.

The scientists hope it could be deployed for use in patients in the near future, given it is already approved for the treatment of other cancers.

Cancers of the lung kill more than 1.5 million people a year around the world. In the latest study, researchers studied adenocarcinoma, the largest subtype of lung cancer.

A third of adenocarcinoma cancers carry a mutant gene called KRAS, which the researchers show requires the activity of any of four “EGFR/ERBB growth factor receptors” to drive cell proliferation.

There are presently no KRAS-inhibiting drugs available for treatment of these cancers and first-generation EGFR drugs have failed to show any benefit to this form of cancer, researchers said.

However, the scientists found that, unlike first-generation EGFR inhibitors, one particular second-generation EGFR inhibitor – a multi-ERBB inhibitor – blocked the proliferation of KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells in lab studies and actually prevented the formation of KRAS-driven lung cancers in mice.

Lead author Dr Daniel Murphy, senior lecturer at the University of Glasgow’s Institute of Cancer Sciences and scientist at the Beatson Institute, said: “There is a pressing need to develop alternative strategies for more effective treatment of KRAS-driven lung cancer, and this is a promising breakthrough which we hope could benefit patients soon.

“The inhibitor we studied – a multi-ERBB inhibitor – helped sensitise tumours and was of therapeutic benefit when used in combination with another cancer drug called trametinib, resulting in a clear extension of lifespan.

“Based on our findings, we hope lung cancer patients with the KRAS-driven form of lung cancer may in future benefit from inclusion of this inhibitor in their treatment plan.”

Unwanted side-effects of these drugs on normal tissues remain a concern, but new strategies to limit delivery of these drugs to the tumour site could reduce such side-effects and greatly improve the utility of this class of therapeutics.

Dr Catherine Pickworth of Cancer Research UK said: “These findings in the lab have revealed a new role for four related molecules in a particular type of lung cancer. Furthermore, by targeting these molecules in mice the researchers found this increased the effectiveness of an existing lung cancer drug.

“We now need further studies to work out if this holds true in people and what the side effects might be. We urgently need new and better ways to treat lung cancer, a disease where survival has remained stubbornly low.”

The paper is published in Science Translational Medicine.

Separate research published on Thursday by Cancer Research UK forecast that the number of older cancer patients could rise by 80% by 2035.

It reported that 130,000 British people over the age of 75 currently get cancer each year. By 2035 this is predicted to soar to 234,000, largely due to an ageing population.

Cancer Research UK has called on the NHS to ensure it is prepared for the rising number of elderly cancer patients. The charity’s new report warned there was evidence that the gap between the UK’s cancer survival rates and that of the best-performing countries was worse for older patients.

For example, the difference in survival rates for breast cancer patients from Europe and those from the UK and Ireland could largely be accounted for by the low survival rates of women aged 75 and over, the report said.



Rose Gray, Cancer Research UK’s policy manager, said: “If we do nothing, the disparity in care between older and younger cancer patients will only grow.

“It’s vital to address this if we want to realise our ambition of ensuring world-class treatment for everyone in the UK who is affected by cancer.”