I’ve been doing design and UX research for almost 24 years. In that time, I’ve learned a lot, and I hope I’ve gotten better at it over the years.

One thing is certain: I’m more productive now than when I first started. I’m not any smarter (just ask my co-workers). I’m not working more hours. So what’s my secret? Shortcuts.

In the interest of helping you do more faster (and to compel you to share your own tricks), here are my favorite ways to cut corners, save time, and be more efficient when doing research.

1. Start at the end: What questions do you want to answer?

Before you do any work on a research study, clarify what you want to get out of it. For example, would it be most useful to figure out:

Can new customers understand and figure out how to use the product?

What are customers’ existing workflow and pain points?

What are pros/cons of competitive products?

What are customers’ attitudes?

How satisfied are existing customers with the product?

How does new customers’ usage change over time?

Which design performs better?

When you know which answers you’re after, it’s quicker to choose the most efficient way to find them — by picking an appropriate research method (survey, A/B test, literature review, usability interviews, site visits, etc.), and the right segment of customers to study.

2. Get feedback from customers early and often

Even if your product’s trajectory is off by a little, you could miss your target by a lot. It’s always easier to correct course earlier before you’ve strayed too far. Try a design sprint. Or just try these tips to learn more from your conversations with your users.

3. Check whether someone else has already done your research for you

Whether you’re curious about how teens use mobile video, or trying to decide whether to rely on keyboard shortcuts, use these tips for lean market research to dig up the results from someone else’s hard work and expertise.

4. Don’t read the (whole) book

For many business books, you can get the main points without reading the whole book. Search the web for a summary, review, or talk by the author (on YouTube or TED). Try Googling “summary of [book title].” Plenty of free and paid sites offer summaries of business books, including getabstract.com, summaries.com, and squeezedbooks.com.

5. Make re-usable templates

To reduce time it takes to recruit research participants, use templates for recruiting questionnaires and various confirmation emails. (Check out the worksheets and templates that accompany our series on running your own research sprint.)

6. Create (and use!) good checklists

See this summary of The Checklist Manifesto or watch this five-minute video summary of Gawande’s book. Effective checklists have specific tasks with time estimates. Here’s my checklist for planning a scrappy round of usability interviews.

7. Assemble your kit (and keep your bag packed)

Gather everything you need to conduct customer interviews so you won’t waste time tracking things down before every study. I keep a small tote and camera bag ready to go with:

Audio recorder (and/or Livescribe pen)

Extra batteries

Notepad and pens

Webcam

USB hub

Mouse

Keyboard

Ziggi USB document camera

Adapter for plugging my laptop into a larger monitor

Video camera

Watch or small digital clock

Breath mints

I don’t use all of these things for every interview (except the mints!), but organizing it beforehand saves me a lot of time and frustration.

8. Compress interviews into one day

Try to schedule interviews and field visits as close together as possible. (For example, I regularly conduct five 60-minute interviews in one day.) This may not sound like a shortcut, but it actually helps avoid hours of reviewing notes and videos to figure out and communicate research findings — after several interviews in a row, the patterns and findings are usually pretty obvious. And because teams are more likely to watch interviews batched in a single day, you won’t need to spend time explaining (or arguing about) the results. You can always create a written summary or more detailed analysis if necessary.

I hope these shortcuts help you get better research results with less effort. What shortcuts do you take? Tweet me at @mmargolis.