Foreword

So many readers were reading the books with so much attention that they were throwing up some theories and while some of those theories were amusing bulls—and creative, some of the theories are right. At least one or two readers had put together the extremely subtle and obscure clues that I’d planted in the books and came to the right solution. (George R. R. Martin, Vanity Fair Interview, 2014)

George R. R. Martin’s books are filled with clues that, when put together properly, can give us a much deeper understanding of the story. Some of his mysteries are easy to solve, because they only require combining a handful of clues. Examples like “What’s the secret ingredient in Wyman Manderly’s meat pies?”

But the solutions to simple mysteries can become clues themselves, and form a complex network of connections that’s much more difficult to untangle.

In this series, we’ll dive deep and find out what we can about the creatures that make up half the equation of A Song of Ice and Fire: Dragons. Which clues have we been missing, and what can they tell us about their ultimate role in the story?

If we want to solve the big questions, then we need to start small. One wrong conclusion can lead to the next, and before we know it, we’re speculating about the story based on completely false assumptions.

So we’re going to try a fragmented approach and explore various issues, one at a time. We’ll take the text as basis, and only draw conclusions that we can be reasonably certain of. If we can not find an answer to a question that’s well-supported by the text, then we won’t try to force a solution. Instead, we’ll put these questions aside, in hope that we can answer them at a later point. In future parts, we’ll need to be ready to revisit our previous conclusions, whenever they don’t line up with the new evidence.

In time, we will try to find answers to questions like these:

Which characters are shaping up to become more imporant?

Who wants Dany’s dragons, and for what purpose?

Can prophecy ever be trusted?

Why is the Sphinx not the riddler?

What glory awaits Victarion Greyjoy?

Do the brightest flames cast the darkest shadows?

What is the Song of Ice and Fire?

I’m not yet sure which twists and turns this journey is going to take. But let’s get started with our first topic and see where it leads us.

Introduction

Ever since his appearance in A Feast for Crows, the mysterious Alchemist has been a popular subject of fan speculation. While fans have put together some of the clues that George has scattered through his books, there’s still no consensus about the Alchemist’s intentions and how he ties into the larger story.

In this essay we’re going to focus on the Prologue of A Feast for Crows. We’ll see if we can find any themes and connections that could tell us more about who the Alchemist is, what he’s doing, and who he’s working with.

A solid theory needs solid legs to stand on, so first we’ll re-establish some facts from the Prologue that we might have forgotten about.

Then we will see which conclusions we can draw, and determine if they tell a story that’s consistent within the larger narrative, as well as being supported by evidence from the text.

Finally, we will evaluate our theory and come up with some ideas about where to go next.

What do we know?

Let’s refresh our memory about the Alchemist and a few other facts by revisiting the Prologue of A Feast for Crows.

The POV character is a boy named Pate, who has been an unsuccessful novice at the Citadel for five years.

He has been given the task of taking care of Archmaester Walgrave and his white ravens, in the Ravenry on the Isle of Ravens. Walgrave used to be the expert voice in ravencraft, but as of late, his mind has been known to wander.

Pate is in love with a girl named Rosey, daughter of one of the serving wenches at the Quill and Tankard, Oldtown’s 24/7 inn located on a small island on the Honeywine. Her exemplary mother has decreed that whoever would pay a golden dragon would get to take Rosey’s virginity.

Three days prior to the Prologue, Rosey brings Pate into contact with a mysterious man who calls himself an “Alchemist.”

[…] It almost sounded as if the nightingale were trilling gold for iron, gold for iron, gold for iron. Which was passing strange, because that was what the stranger had said the night Rosey brought the two of them together. “Who are you?” Pate had demanded of him, and the man had replied, “An alchemist. I can change iron into gold.” And then the coin was in his hand, dancing across his knuckles, the soft yellow gold shining in the candlelight. On one side was a three-headed dragon, on the other the head of some dead king. Gold for iron, Pate remembered, you won’t do better. Do you want her? Do you love her? “I am no thief,” he had told the man who called himself the alchemist, “I am a novice of the Citadel.” The alchemist had bowed his head, and said, “If you should reconsider, I shall return here three days hence, with my dragon.” (AFFC, Prologue)

From this we can gather that the Alchemist asked Pate to steal something for him, and offered a golden dragon in return. The choice of becoming a thief on one hand, and a life with Rosey on the other, has been tough on Pate.

Later in the chapter we learn what exactly the Alchemist wanted Pate to acquire for him:

The hardest part had been getting down on his hands and knees to pull the strongbox from underneath Archmaester Walgrave’s bed. […] Inside, Pate had found a bag of silver stags, a lock of yellow hair tied up in a ribbon, a painted miniature of a woman who resembled Walgrave (even to her mustache), and a knight’s gauntlet made of lobstered steel. The gauntlet had belonged to a prince, Walgrave claimed, though he could no longer seem to recall which one. When Pate shook it, the key fell out onto the floor. If I pick that up, I am a thief, he remembered thinking. The key was old and heavy, made of black iron; supposedly it opened every door at the Citadel. Only the archmaesters had such keys. The others carried theirs upon their person or hid them away in some safe place, but if Walgrave had hidden his, no one would ever have seen it again. (AFFC, Prologue)

Pate was faced with the decision to become a thief by stealing Archmaester Walgrave’s iron key, which opened every door at the Citadel. With the Citadel being the center of knowledge in Westeros, Walgrave’s key was exceptionally valuable. But because of Walgrave’s questionable mental condition, Pate knew where to find his key.

So after taking it, Pate returned to the Quill and Tankard three days later, to meet with the Alchemist and collect his golden dragon.

Three days had passed. Pate had returned to the Quill and Tankard, still uncertain what he was, but instead of the alchemist he’d found Mollander and Armen and the Sphinx, with Roone in tow. It would have raised suspicions not to join them. (AFFC, Prologue)

When Pate arrived back at the Quill and Tankard, he expected to find the Alchemist waiting for him. Instead, he found a bunch of his friends celebrating Alleras the Sphinx’s forging of his copper link. Attempting to play it cool, Pate joined in the celebration. So he spent time with his friends talking, drinking and watching Alleras shoot apples out of the air. All the while, he grew more and more nervous about the Alchemist being absent.

At some point, an unpleasant, young lordling named Leo Tyrell shows up. He starts insulting everybody and generally behaves like a douchebag. When he continues praising Archmaester Marwyn’s views and insulting the Citadel, the group is soon fed up with him and decide to go home.

Except for Pate, who wants to linger a while longer, because he still hopes that the Alchemist will show up. He takes a little more of Leo’s verbal abuse, but when dawn finally breaks, he concludes that the meeting just isn’t going to happen and leaves.

Somewhere on the way back to the Isle of Ravens, the Alchemist shows up out of nowhere and greets Pate. He explains that he didn’t want to approach him while he was with his friends, so he waited and then followed Pate on his way home.

After they both agree to make the exchange, the the Alchemist insists to do it in a less public place instead and starts leading the way, so Pate has no choice but to follow. When they reach a narrow alley, Pate decides that they’ve gone far enough, and the Alchemist agrees.

“I want my dragon.” “To be sure.” The coin appeared. The alchemist made it walk across his knuckles, the way he had when Rosey brought the two of them together. In the morning light the dragon glittered as it moved, and gave the alchemist’s fingers a golden glow. Pate grabbed it from his hand. The gold felt warm against his palm. He brought it to his mouth and bit down on it the way he’d seen men do. If truth be told, he wasn’t sure what gold should taste like, but he did not want to look a fool. “The key?” the alchemist inquired politely. Something made Pate hesitate. “Is it some book you want?” Some of the old Valyrian scrolls down in the locked vaults were said to be the only surviving copies in the world. “What I want is none of your concern.” “No.” It’s done, Pate told himself. Go. Run back to the Quill and Tankard, wake Rosey with a kiss, and tell her she belongs to you. Yet still he lingered. “Show me your face.” (AFFC, Prologue)

Pate takes the golden dragon and promptly sticks it into his mouth. But when the Alchemist wants the key in return, Pate hesitates and insists to see the man’s face first.

“As you wish.” The alchemist pulled his hood down. He was just a man, and his face was just a face. A young man’s face, ordinary, with full cheeks and the shadow of a beard. A scar showed faintly on his right cheek. He had a hooked nose, and a mat of dense black hair that curled tightly around his ears. It was not a face Pate recognized. “I do not know you.” “Nor I you.” “Who are you?” “A stranger. No one. Truly.” (AFFC, Prologue)

The Alchemist agrees and takes his hood off. Pate doesn’t recognize his face, and can’t come up with any other questions to ask.

Sadly, this will be the end of Pate’s short investigation into the Alchemist’s identity.

“Oh.” Pate had run out of words. He drew out the key and put it in the stranger’s hand, feeling light-headed, almost giddy. Rosey, he reminded himself. “We’re done, then.” He was halfway down the alley when the cobblestones began to move beneath his feet. The stones are slick and wet, he thought, but that was not it. He could feel his heart hammering in his chest. “What’s happening?” he said. His legs had turned to water. “I don’t understand.” “And never will,” a voice said sadly. The cobblestones rushed up to kiss him. Pate tried to cry for help, but his voice was failing too. His last thought was of Rosey. (AFFC, Prologue)

So in short: Pate steals a key to every door in the Citadel for a man who calls himself an Alchemist. As reward, he’s promised a golden dragon, with which he wants to buy the virginity of the girl he loves. After biting the coin and handing over the key, the Alchemist reveals his face, and Pate drops dead.

What can we infer?

In this part we’re going to use the text to draw some conclusions about the Alchemist and his mission. The main questions we’ll explore are:

Who the Alchemist is

What he’s doing in Oldtown

Who he is working with

The Theme of the Prologue

Before we dig in, let’s start by looking for an overlaying theme in the Prologue.

When searching for evidence, it’s always nice to have something to check if we’re going in the right direction. If the evidence leads to conclusions that line up with the theme, then it’s a good sign.

Here’s how the chapter starts:

“Dragons,” said Mollander. He snatched a withered apple off the ground and tossed it hand to hand. “Throw the apple,” urged Alleras the Sphinx. He slipped an arrow from his quiver and nocked it to his bowstring. “I should like to see a dragon.” Roone was the youngest of them, a chunky boy still two years shy of manhood. “I should like that very much.” (AFFC, Prologue)

“Dragons” is not only the first word of the Prologue, it’s also the topic of the entire conversation.

It’s easy to overlook, since Pate is much more concerned with Rosey than with participating in the conversation, but dragons are basically all that they’re talking about, so we’re not going to bother quoting every passage.

Instead, here’s a short summary of the characters’ opinions:

Roone is a young boy who seems to be fascinated by dragons, but stays out of the discussion and lets the older boys fight it out.

Armen the Acolyte has no respect for sailors’ stories about dragons. He only trusts in things that can be proven and shares the Citadel’s condescending view on magic.

Mollander believes the stories about dragons in the East. He recognizes that the individual stories may be unreliable, but he thinks that there are too many of them to dismiss them as nonsense.

Alleras the Sphinx is the only one who seems to have the truth figured out by himself. He indicates a connection between the sailors’ stories and Daenerys Targaryen, but the conversation gets interrupted by Leo Tyrell before Alleras can finish his point.

Leo Tyrell has an opinion on the matter, too, but we’ll get back to him very soon.

The conversation comes to an end when the friends are fed up with Leo and decide to head home.

So if there’s a consistent theme in this Prologue, it’s this: Dragons.

One very important reminder before we go forward: The theme is something that we should keep in the back of our mind, but we do not want to make the mistake of making every piece of evidence we find fit in with the theme immediately. Forcing the facts to fit our theory will only achieve one thing: Make us look stupid when the next book comes out.

Instead, we’ll stick closely to the text and not draw any conclusions that require unnecessary assumptions.

Let’s see how far we will get by starting with the identity of the Alchemist.

Who is the Alchemist?

Before handing the iron key to the Alchemist, Pate asks to see the man’s face. While he himself doesn’t recognize him, readers certainly can.

He was just a man, and his face was just a face. A young man’s face, ordinary, with full cheeks and the shadow of a beard. A scar showed faintly on his right cheek. He had a hooked nose, and a mat of dense black hair that curled tightly around his ears. (AFFC, Prologue)

Jaqen passed a hand down his face from forehead to chin, and where it went he changed. His cheeks grew fuller, his eyes closer; his nose hooked, a scar appeared on his right cheek where no scar had been before. And when he shook his head, his long straight hair, half red and half white, dissolved away to reveal a cap of tight black curls. (ACOK, Arya IX)

The Alchemist appears to share several identifying features with the Faceless Man whom we know as “Jaqen H’ghar,” or rather, with one of his disguises. The close fitting descriptions are definitely a good indicator that we’re onto something, but if we want to be sure, it’s always good to have more than one piece of evidence.

“I do not know you.” “Nor I you.” “Who are you?” “A stranger. No one. Truly.” (AFFC, Prologue)

The things he says in this short exchange are closely associated with the Faceless Men. First of all, the Alchemist’s assertion that he doesn’t know Pate, lines up with the Faceless Men’s modus operandi:

“I know this man,” she did hear a priest with the face of a plague victim say. “I know this man,” the fat fellow echoed, as she was pouring for him. But the handsome man said, “I will give this man the gift, I know him not.” (ADWD, The Ugly Little Girl)

Additionally, the Alchemist calls himself “a stranger.” The Stranger represents death in the Faith of the Seven, and the Faceless Men worship him as one of the faces of the Many-Faced God.

“Him of Many Faces.” “And many names,” the kindly man had said. “In Qohor he is the Black Goat, in Yi Ti the Lion of Night, in Westeros the Stranger. (AFFC, Cat of the Canals)

He calls himself “no one.” Faceless Men give up their own identity in service of the Many-Faced God and start referring to themselves as “no one.”

Only the kindly man knew the Common Tongue. “Who are you?” he would ask her every day. “No one,” she would answer, she who had been Arya of House Stark, Arya Underfoot, Arya Horseface. (AFFC, Arya II)

And finally, his method of killing also resembles the way that Arya assassinates the Braavosi insurance scammer in A Dance with Dragons, by having him bite into a poisoned golden dragon.

He never looked at the coins. Instead he bit them, always on the left side of his mouth, where he still had all his teeth. (ADWD, The Ugly Little Girl)

“The golden dragon of Westeros,” said the kindly man. “And how did you come by this? We are no thieves.” “It wasn’t stealing. I took one of his, but I left him one of ours.” The kindly man understood. “And with that coin and the others in his purse, he paid a certain man. Soon after that man’s heart gave out. Is that the way of it? Very sad.” (ADWD, The Ugly Little Girl)

So not only does the physical description fit, but George R. R. Martin also draws some heavy connections between the Alchemist and the Faceless Men.

With hints like these, we can conclude with reasonable certainty that the Alchemist is in fact the Faceless Man known to us as “Jaqen H’ghar,” and we will just call him Jaqen from now on.

We came to our conclusion about the Alchemist’s identity because we didn’t restrict ourselves to a single POV. The solution was hidden in an Arya chapter back in A Clash of Kings.

Let’s see if the strategy proves useful in finding out what Jaqen’s doing in Oldtown.

What is Jaqen’s job?

It’s been a long time since we’ve last seen Jaqen, and we don’t know for certain what he’s been up to. So instead, we’ll ask what the purpose of the iron key could be, and see if we can find some clues that might give us a better idea about Jaqen’s mission.

Before handing over the key, Pate asks him what he intends to do with it, but sadly he doesn’t give an answer. Perhaps there is a hint in the text that could help us figure it out.

Something made Pate hesitate. “Is it some book you want?” Some of the old Valyrian scrolls down in the locked vaults were said to be the only surviving copies in the world. (AFFC, Prologue)

Interesting. Pate mentions locked vaults which supposedly contain rare stuff, like ancient Valyrian scrolls. Is there anything more we can find out about these scrolls?

Pate isn’t the most educated person, so this is all we get from him. But there’s a different character, who prides himself in his knowledge. Perhaps a certain imp can tell us more about the secrets that the Citadel might hold.

And of course there was even less chance of his coming on the fragmentary, anonymous, blood-soaked tome sometimes called Blood and Fire and sometimes The Death of Dragons, the only surviving copy of which was supposedly hidden away in a locked vault beneath the Citadel. (ADWD, Tyrion IV)

There it is. According to Tyrion, these locked vaults that Pate mentioned supposedly hide an ancient book about dragons called Blood and Fire, or The Death of Dragons.

So now we, we have:

A key that opens every door in the Citadel

Locked vaults that contain rare, ancient stuff

A legendary book called Blood and Fire

This should be sufficient to say that Jaqen probably took the key in order to try and find Blood and Fire.

But why would he be looking for this book?

The issue of why Jaqen came to Oldtown in the first place is out of the scope of this essay. Let it just be said at this point that there’s a popular idea which involves a drowned crow, a man without a face, and a dragon egg.

We’re also not going to speculate about a hidden agenda of the Faceless Men as an institution at this point. It’s challenging enough to untangle the first layer of evidence, so let’s not get ahead of ourselves.

Instead, we’ll go back the Prologue again, and find out if there is someone else who might be involved in this ploy.

Who is suspiciously interested in dragons?

We found some simple clues in plain sight that led us to some simple conclusions about the Alchemist’s identity and about his mission, and they lined up with the overlaying theme of the Prologue. Perhaps George R. R. Martin has also given us some clues about who else might be involved.

If we assume for a moment that we’ve done everything correctly so far, then the next thing to look for is who would be interested in searching for a lost book about dragons.

So let’s get back to the Prologue, when Leo Tyrell shows up.

Apart from insulting everyone, Leo also gives us his opinion about dragons, which is surprisingly accurate. He makes no secret of where he has been getting his opinions from.

“The Mad King’s daughter is alive, and she’s hatched herself three dragons.” (AFFC, Prologue)

“Every man off every ship that’s sailed within a hundred leagues of Qarth is speaking of these dragons. A few will even tell you that they’ve seen them. The Mage is inclined to believe them.” (AFFC, Prologue)

“Archmaester Marwyn believes in many curious things,” he said, “but he has no more proof of dragons than Mollander. Just more sailors’ stories.” “You’re wrong,” said Leo. “There is a glass candle burning in the Mage’s chambers.” (AFFC, Prologue)

“Dragons and darker things,” said Leo. “The grey sheep have closed their eyes, but the mastiff sees the truth. Old powers waken. Shadows stir. An age of wonder and terror will soon be upon us, an age for gods and heroes.” (AFFC, Prologue)

Archmaester Marwyn is very interested in dragons, to say it mildly. He has managed to light a glass candle, and used it to confirm that Daenerys Targaryen has hatched three dragon eggs. In his view, there is a new age coming where dragons have an important part to play, and the Citadel is closing their eyes to it.

The whole conversation in the Prologue leads up to Marwyn’s role in the dragon storyline. Let’s take a closer look at him, and see if we can find any evidence that he’s our candidate.

Who is Marwyn the Mage?

Marwyn is the Archmaester of the Higher Mysteries, which gives him a mask, ring and rod made of Valyrian steel.

Similar to how Valyrian steel is special among the metals, Marwyn is special too.

The Mage was not like other maesters. People said that he kept company with whores and hedge wizards, talked with hairy Ibbenese and pitch-black Summer Islanders in their own tongues, and sacrificed to queer gods at the little sailors’ temples down by the wharves. Men spoke of seeing him down in the undercity, in rat pits and black brothels, consorting with mummers, singers, sellswords, even beggars. Some even whispered that once he had killed a man with his fists. (AFFC, Prologue)

He practices sorcery and generally hangs around with queer people. Maester Luwin tells us about Citadel’s view on magic in A Clash of Kings.

“This is Valyrian steel,” he said when the link of dark grey metal lay against the apple of his throat. “Only one maester in a hundred wears such a link. This signifies that I have studied what the Citadel calls the higher mysteries—magic, for want of a better word. A fascinating pursuit, but of small use, which is why so few maesters trouble themselves with it. (ACOK, Bran IV)

The Citadel clearly doesn’t have a very high opinion of the higher mysteries.

Qyburn, our favorite torturer and necromancer had his maester’s chain taken away for practicing the dark arts and experimenting with living bodies. Only one of the archmaesters was on his side.

Qyburn spread his hands. “The archmaesters did not like my thinking, though. Well, Marwyn did, but he was the only one.” (ASOS, Jaime VI)

It should come as no surprise that Marwyn and the archmaesters don’t just have a difference of opinions, they actively despise each other.

“The archmaesters are all craven at heart. The grey sheep, Marwyn calls them.” (Qyburn in AFFC, Cersei II)

Leo yawned. “The sea is wet, the sun is warm, and the menagerie hates the mastiff.” (AFFC, Prologue)

In summary: Marwyn consorts with queer people from all around the world, he has a passion for sorcery, and at the time of the Prologue, he’s very interested in dragons.

But is there anything more concrete to connect him with whatever Jaqen is doing in Oldtown?

Marwyn’s motivation

Before we go on, didn’t we learn that every archmaester gets their own iron key? If Marwyn wants this book so badly, can’t he just take his key, go down to the vaults, and look for it himself?

Just in case, let’s go back and see what the text said exactly.

The key was old and heavy, made of black iron; supposedly it opened every door at the Citadel. Only the archmaesters had such keys. (AFFC, Prologue)

Okay so it doesn’t say that every archmaester had a key, just that they are granted only to archmaesters.

With Marwyn’s relationship with the other archmaesters being as it is, it seems almost absurd to think that they would grant him unlimited access to every secret in the Citadel.

So is there anything else besides his interest in dragons, that might connect him with Jaqen’s mission?

When Marwyn had returned to Oldtown, after spending eight years in the east mapping distant lands, searching for lost books, and studying with warlocks and shadowbinders, Vinegar Vaellyn had dubbed him “Marwyn the Mage.” (AFFC, Prologue)

“What reading was so urgent that you leave your guests without a host?” “Archmaester Marwyn’s Book of Lost Books.” (AFFC, The Kraken’s Daughter)

It doesn’t get much clearer than this. Marwyn doesn’t just search for lost books, he even wrote his own book about the topic!

So there’s his interest in dragons and lost books on one hand, and Jaqen’s search for a lost book about dragons on the other. It’s hard to believe that these connections are coincidental, since we have taken care not to draw any wild conclusions, or take text passages out of context.

What we can say right now is that Jaqen and Marwyn are probably both after this book. But we don’t know whether they’re working together to find it, or against each other.

Let’s find out by going back to the Quill and Tankard one last time.

The Mage’s pawn

We’re at the point where we can take the conclusions that we have, and see if we can find some further clues that support our ideas.

If Marwyn and Jaqen are working together to acquire the iron key, then the Prologue might contain more subtle clues about this. We’ll try to establish a connection between Marwyn and Jaqen by paying more attention to the behavior of a third character.

Fans of A Song of Ice and Fire know that George R. R. Martin is good at hiding clues in plain sight. Some passages suddenly start making sense on a re-read, because we have a few more specific ideas in mind.

For example, let’s consider this subtle clue for the popular R+L=J theory:

It would have been easier if Arya had been a bastard, like their half brother Jon. She even looked like Jon, with the long face and brown hair of the Starks, and nothing of their lady mother in her face or her coloring. (AGOT, Sansa I)

“Lyanna might have carried a sword, if my lord father had allowed it. You remind me of her sometimes. You even look like her.” (AGOT, Arya II)

George draws a connection between Jon Snow and Lyanna Stark by comparing him to Arya, and her to Lyanna. On a first read, it’s almost impossible to think of this as a clue for anything, because we’re lacking the context. But the second time around, passages like this start to jump out and start making more sense.

So if we assume that Marwyn and Jaqen are working together to acquire the iron key, then we can safely conclude that he would want the meeting between Jaqen and Pate to go down without complications.

With this in mind, we’re now going to consider the idea that Marwyn sent Leo Tyrell as a pawn, and see if his behavior lines up.

Remember, Pate was supposed to meet with the Jaqen at the Quill and Tankard, but he came across a bunch of his friends instead and joined them. Jaqen couldn’t approach him without being seen, so he waited. He probably wasn’t bothered by this, since Faceless Men are very patient people.

On the morrow, at the turn of the moon, a year from this day, it will come. A man does not fly like a bird, but one foot moves and then another and one day a man is there, and a king dies. (ACOK, Arya IX)

But in the last chapter of A Feast for Crows we learn that patience is not one of Marwyn’s virtues:

“Where has he gone?” asked Sam, bewildered. “To the docks. The Mage is not a man who believes in wasting time.” Alleras smiled. (AFFC, Samwell V)

So another pretty safe conclusion is that Marwyn probably wouldn’t like it if one of his plans got delayed.

But the passage continues to reveal much more about his modus operandi:

Alleras smiled. “I have a confession. Ours was no chance encounter, Sam. The Mage sent me to snatch you up before you spoke to Theobald. He knew that you were coming.” “How?” Alleras nodded at the glass candle. (AFFC, Samwell V)

Alleras reveals that Marwyn spies on Oldtown through his glass candle, which we know he had already lit at the time of the Prologue, and that he has at least once interfered in the events by sending out one of his pawns.

Now that we know a bit more about Marwyn’s character and his way of doing things, let’s see if we can detect his handwriting by examining Leo Tyrell’s role in the Prologue.

Armen immediately notices something fishy about Leo’s sudden appearance in the Quill and Tankard.

Armen frowned. “Leo. My lord. I had understood that you were still confined to the Citadel for…” “… three more days.” Lazy Leo shrugged. “Perestan says the world is forty thousand years old. Mollos says five hundred thousand. What are three days, I ask you?” (ACOK, Prologue)

Leo is diverting attention from the question. He doesn’t say who has released him three days early, and for what purpose. There’s something else that’s curious. Pate notices red spots on Leo’s clothes, which he takes for red wine spots:

The wine he’d dribbled down his front had been a robust red, judging from the color of the spots. (AFFC, Prologue)

Leo has red wine spots on his clothes, but he later describes himself as an Arbor Gold man not once, but twice.

“Buy me a cup of Arbor gold, Hopfrog, and perhaps I won’t inform my father of your toast.” (AFFC, Prologue)

“Far be it from me to keep you from the piss tasting,” said Leo. “Myself, I prefer the taste of Arbor gold.” (AFFC, Prologue)

This honestly might mean nothing, but in the last chapter of A Feast for Crows, a pretty funny possibility reveals itself.

“Born amidst salt and smoke, beneath a bleeding star. I know the prophecy.” Marwyn turned his head and spat a gob of red phlegm onto the floor. (AFFC, Samwell V)

Marywn smiled a ghastly smile, the juice of the sourleaf running red between his teeth. “Who do you think killed all the dragons the last time around? Gallant dragonslayers armed with swords?” He spat. (AFFC, Samwell V)

If Leo himself prefers white wine, then perhaps the red spots on his clothes might indicate that he had very recently been hanging around with someone who chews sourleaf. And has a habit of spitting indoors.

Whether the red spots are the collateral damage from standing too close to Marwyn is not necessary for the theory itself to work. It’s more subtle evidence that GRRM potentially inserted into the scene to draw a connection between Marwyn and Leo.

Anyway, so there are some inconsistencies which might indicate that there’s something more to Leo’s presence in the Quill and Tankard than we originally assumed.

Let’s take a look at his behavior now. To make it short, Leo acts like he wants to win the asshole of the day award.

A soft, sly voice called out from behind him. “I always knew you were a traitor, Hopfrog.” (AFFC, Prologue)

“Three?” said Roone, astonished. Leo patted his hand. “More than two and less than four. I would not try for my golden link just yet if I were you.” (AFFC, Prologue)

Leo’s eyes were hazel, bright with wine and malice. “Your mother was a monkey from the Summer Isles. The Dornish will fuck anything with a hole between its legs. Meaning no offense. You may be brown as a nut, but at least you bathe. Unlike our spotted pig boy.” (AFFC, Prologue)

In case you haven’t guessed it, apparently this is how you ask for a favor. Yes, Leo is begging the others to buy him a cup of Arbor Gold.

“Buy me a cup of Arbor gold, Hopfrog, and perhaps I won’t inform my father of your toast. The tiles turned against me at the Checkered Hazard, and I wasted my last stag on supper. Suckling pig in plum sauce, stuffed with chestnuts and white truffles. A man must eat. What did you lads have?” “Mutton,” muttered Mollander. He sounded none too pleased about it. “We shared a haunch of boiled mutton.” “I’m certain it was filling.” (AFFC, Prologue)

Surprisingly, pointing out how he gambled away most of his money, and spent the rest on food they couldn’t afford, doesn’t gain him any sympathies. So when even Armen has had enough of Leo’s talk about Marwyn, the higher mysteries, and his insults against the maesters, he suggests to take off.

“Dragons and darker things,” said Leo. “The grey sheep have closed their eyes, but the mastiff sees the truth. Old powers waken. Shadows stir. An age of wonder and terror will soon be upon us, an age for gods and heroes.” He stretched, smiling his lazy smile. “That’s worth a round, I’d say.” “We’ve drunk enough,” said Armen. “Morn will be upon us sooner than we’d like, and Archmaester Ebrose will be speaking on the properties of urine. Those who mean to forge a silver link would do well not to miss his talk.” (AFFC, Prologue)

… and the others don’t need much convincing.

“Far be it from me to keep you from the piss tasting,” said Leo. “Myself, I prefer the taste of Arbor gold.” “If the choice is piss or you, I’ll drink piss.” Mollander pushed back from the table. “Come, Roone.” The Sphinx reached for his bowcase. “It’s bed for me as well. I expect I’ll dream of dragons and glass candles.” (AFFC, Prologue)

If it was Leo’s goal to get the meeting to disperse, then he has succeeded.

But hold on! If everyone left together, then Jaqen still couldn’t approach Pate, could he? So if Leo was actually acting on behalf of Marwyn, then this wouldn’t be good enough.

Let’s see how he proceeds.

“All of you?” Leo shrugged. “Well, Rosey will remain. Perhaps I’ll wake our little sweetmeat and make a woman of her.” (AFFC, Prologue)

Well, if that was intentional, then that was smooth move.

Pate intends to stay either way, hoping that the Alchemist will still show up, but Leo doesn’t know this. From his perspective, saying he’d pay Rosey a visit would be a nice way to keep Pate from leaving with the group.

“Not just yet,” he told his friends. “I’m going to stay awhile.” Dawn had not broken, not quite. The alchemist might still be coming, and Pate meant to be here if he did. (AFFC, Prologue)

Either way, Pate stays, and we get to see what Leo does after being alone with him.

“How is our lovely little Rosey, pray?” “She’s sleeping,” Pate said curtly. “Naked, I don’t doubt.” Leo grinned. “Do you think she’s truly worth a dragon? One day I suppose I must find out.” Pate knew better than to reply to that. Leo needed no reply. “I expect that once I’ve broken in the wench, her price will fall to where even pig boys will be able to afford her. You ought to thank me.” (AFFC, Prologue)

Let it go, Pate told himself. He says these things just to wound me. (AFFC, Prologue)

Let’s give the guy some credit for a moment and think about what he achieves by saying these things.

First he stirs up Pate’s juices by putting the picture of a naked Rosey into his head.

Then he reminds him that all it takes to claim her is a golden dragon.

Finally, by threatening to claim her for himself some day soon, he introduces a ticking clock element.

On the surface it looks like douchebag behavior, but a closer look reveals that it’s also surprisingly consistent with manipulation.

If Leo just wanted to provoke Pate, then wouldn’t he do this to get a reaction out of him? When Pate does react, however, Leo doesn’t seem interested. He just tells him to go away.

“Leave Rosey be,” he said, by way of parting. “Just leave her be, or I may kill you.” Leo Tyrell flicked the hair back from his eye. “I do not fight duels with pig boys. Go away.” (AFFC, Prologue)

Pate leaves the Quill and Tankard, alone, and is soon approached by the Alchemist. We already know how that went.

If Leo was acting on Marwyn’s behalf, then he succeeded in dispersing the meeting, separating Pate from his friends, and manipulating him into wanting to take the Alchemist’s deal. All of that led to Jaqen catching Pate on the way home to take the key.

So not only are there clues that there’s something suspicious about Leo Tyrell’s presence at the Quill and Tankard, but his behavior is also perfectly consistent with the idea that he’s acting as Marwyn’s pawn.

There are more things to be considered, since Jaqen shows up again in the story after his meeting with Pate. But that’s a topic for the next essay.

Conclusion

In this essay we explored the role of the Alchemist by taking a closer look at the Prologue of A Feast for Crows. We found out that he is almost certainly the Faceless Man Jaqen H’ghar. There are plain hints that connect the iron key he took with Blood and Fire, a legendary book about dragons, which is supposedly hidden in the locked vaults beneath the Citadel. Further investigations led us to Archmaester Marwyn, who is not only very interested in dragons, but also in the search for lost books, which made him the perfect candidate for being Jaqen’s partner in crime. We took a closer look at Leo Tyrell, and determined that his behavior is consistent with him acting as Marwyn’s pawn, by keeping Jaqen’s meeting with Pate from being further delayed. This supported the idea that Marwyn and Jaqen are working towards a common goal in the Prologue, getting the iron key.

We stayed close to the text, double checked our evidence, and stuck to the simplest assumptions when drawing our conclusions. As a result, it looks like Archmaester Marwyn and Jaqen H’ghar worked together to acquire an iron key, and use it to search for the legendary book Blood and Fire, supposedly hidden in one of the locked vaults beneath the Citadel.

We’re not finished yet, there are still a lot of open questions. What did Jaqen do between A Clash of Kings and A Feast for Crows, and does this tie in with his mission in Oldtown? Are Jaqen and Marwyn on the same side, or do they merely have a temporary alliance? Who contacted whom, and for what reason? These are questions for a different time, but the evidence suggests that we’re on the right track.

Let’s not make the mistake of overestimating the results. We’re still just interpreting a book, not constructing a mathematical proof, so there’s still a lot of subjectivity involved. What we came up with is a simple, but incomplete explanation for a mystery. The idea fits the themes of the story and has some textual evidence to back it up. But people can disagree with the conclusions, and someone might have already come up with a better interpretation.

This might not sound as exciting as unraveling a crazy conspiracy involving several factions who are secretly working together to pull the strings behind every major historic event…

But if we keep digging, who knows what else we might find?

There’s much more left to uncover. At the end of A Feast for Crows, Samwell Tarly meets Archmaester Marwyn, who apparently took his glass candle and moved to the Isle of Ravens into Archmaester Walgrave’s Ravenry. Sam gets a room in close proximity to the white ravens, and bunks up with a creepy boy. How are those two going to get along? Are the talking ravens going to bother Sam as much as they bothered Pate? How does all of this tie in with the nature of prophecy, and a mysterious riddle about a Sphinx? We’ll address this and much more as we continue this series!

Special thanks to JoeMagician for his feedback, and to BryndenBFish for providing help at every step of the way, especially editing, but also for not being annoyed by flood of progress updates during the past three weeks!