Davinia Chew was sitting across from her former boss at a Fran’s restaurant in downtown Toronto on Valentine’s Day 2019. The then-24-year-old listened as Eric Arnold, a tech entrepreneur, told her there are two types of people who go public with their stories of sexual harassment. Tucked in a booth, Arnold explained his position. “There are people who want to be an agent of change, who want to make a company a better place, who want to make an environment a better place for women … and there are people who are out for blood, who are vindictive, who are just trying to hurt people,” Arnold said. “I don’t know which kind you are.” Chew recorded their conversation, and Global News has obtained a copy of the recording. Arnold, a founder and CEO of financial startup Planswell, was a man she once trusted. Yet that trust would fade after Chew alleged she was sexually harassed by one of Arnold’s colleagues. She’d been fired from Planswell in September 2018 but tweeted allegations about the sexual harassment in early 2019. The restaurant meeting was a far cry from when Chew was hired at Planswell in fall 2017. Then, Chew had seen Arnold as a leader who would help her learn and grow her career. Now, that man seemed to have morphed into someone else entirely. “Everything in my body was screaming … ‘He doesn’t care about you,’” she says. “It took over.” You likely haven’t heard Chew’s name, but if you follow Canada’s tech scene, you’ll know her as the anonymous tweeter — Jane Doe — and author of the viral Medium post eviscerating what she saw as Planswell’s poor management while alleging sexual harassment at the hands of the company’s chief marketing officer, Michael Wickware. Arnold linked her allegations to the company’s closure last fall, laying off 57 employees. Advertisement But the story is much more complicated. Chew says she wants to come forward and detail what she says she experienced at Planswell and its aftermath. Chew’s allegations indicate all the ways in which some startups, from Uber to WeWork, struggle to deal with allegations of sexual harassment. Startups often grow fast, focus on products — not policies — take in millions of dollars in funding and promote a type of culture that breaks down traditional workplace professionalism. Chew’s allegations tell a story of how tech startups’ desire to have employees view one another as friends or family might lead to blurred lines and let bad behaviour go unchecked. But so much of this was unknown to Chew when she met Arnold at the restaurant on that cold winter day. When she left him, she says she was angry, confused and scared. She says she walked out feeling like she now had to protect herself not just from Wickware but from Arnold, too. In a statement to Global News, Arnold said Chew’s “concerns were treated appropriately, with legitimacy, resulted in real changes in the organization and have been dealt with in detail,” and he claims most of the new allegations are false or complete mischaracterizations. Arnold did not provide specific answers to the detailed list of allegations sent to him. Wickware did not answer questions sent to him by Global News but said he would “briefly address the allegations made about me during my time at Planswell.” “After the allegations were raised, I resigned from the company out of respect for all parties involved,” he said. “Without digging into the intimate facts of the situation, I would like to apologize to everyone who has been negatively affected.”

star Created with Sketch. Davinia Chew. Photo by Laura Whelan. Arnold hired Chew to do administrative work at Planswell in fall 2017 at a yearly salary of $35,000. Then 22 years old, Chew says she was eager to learn and felt lucky to be part of the Planswell community. The company was growing, and Arnold often told the press it was going to continue to expand. Chew believed in the work Planswell was doing. Making financial-planning services accessible to everyone seemed like a noble endeavour. The company, founded by Arnold and Scott Wetton in 2015, helped clients manage their money through an online platform, removing the need to hire a financial adviser. On her second day, Chew says she was asked out for coffee by Wickware, who was not her direct boss. She says that over two or so hours, he asked her about her family, previous experience and goals at the company. She was keen to learn about video and told the marketing officer her ambitions. In her first few months, she remembers Wickware being very supportive. She respected his opinion and valued his years of work experience. She also wanted to move up in Planswell and eventually be part of his marketing team. To show her enthusiasm, Chew says she sent Wickware drafts of videos she was crafting for Planswell in November, and he offered her guidance. She says he showed her how to use his DSLR camera. She says she even had a nickname for him: “senpai,” a Japanese word that means teacher or mentor. “I had a lot of marketing ideas at that time because I was so invested in Planswell,” she says. READ MORE: She reported her boss had sexually harassed her — then she was fired But after working closely with Wickware on some video projects throughout the fall, Chew says his behaviour changed. While filming one day in December, she says he touched the small of her back while she showed him some footage on a camera screen. She says she brushed this incident aside; Wickware was married, twice her age and had a senior role in the company. She was probably overreacting. Advertisement Shortly after that incident, Chew says Wickware prodded about her sexual orientation while out scouting filming locations. Chew says he asked if she was a lesbian because she had a rainbow keychain attached to her wallet — a marker of the LGBTQ2 community. Comments about sex or sexuality were not uncommon at Planswell, says a former employee who asked Global News to protect their identity, as they fear professional repercussions. The former employee says staff experienced racism and sexism in addition to bad management. As the company’s executives were all white men, the employee says that “bro” culture, including talking about sleeping with women and making inappropriate jokes, was pervasive. Several other former Planswell employees, who spoke to Global News on condition of anonymity, say they also found Planswell’s “bro” culture to be exclusive, meaning women and people of colour were often treated as outsiders or not taken as seriously. Eric Arnold speaking at a tech event in 2017. Source: YouTube/TechToronto. One former employee of colour says they did not witness or experience any racism during their time at Planswell. Another employee says they didn’t experience racism themselves but heard others say they had experienced racist incidents. In his statement to Global News, Arnold said: “Planswell has always taken seriously the need to ensure a professional, safe, inspiring and productive work environment.” Startups often emphasize company culture: attitudes of work hard/play hard are prevalent, and employees are encouraged to see each other as friends — not only co-workers. This is often attractive to young employees who may have little life and work experience, says Jane Watson, an HR professional and leader of the Aperta Project. Watson studies workplace harassment and is currently conducting a Toronto tech survey on the topic. “There’s this sort of overidentification with the mission of the company combined with the glamour … that exists with being part of a tech startup in a city like Toronto, where that’s a real burgeoning area of the economy,” Watson says. “There’s a lot that contributes to the idea that if something were to happen, that [people] might ignore it or sweep it under the rug.” Michael Wickware in a Planswell company video. Source: Vimeo/Planswell. Multiple former Planswell employees recall a particular incident at a company retreat in Ontario cottage country in fall 2016, where one senior Planswell employee looked into hiring “prostitutes” for entertainment. Employees say it was near the end of the offsite and the female employees had gone home, leaving a smaller team of men. Employees say Arnold agreed to the idea, and women were contacted to come to the residence the Planswell team was using. The employees say the women never showed up. The senior employee confirmed that they researched hiring “an erotic dancer” after they felt pressured to do so. This senior employee says they eventually objected to hiring said dancer and “got others to also stop any further effort to hire one.” One former worker also told Global News that the same senior employee who researched “prostitutes” once brought a blow-up sex doll to the office and put a branded Planswell T-shirt on it. The senior employee confirmed this incident and said they regretted their behaviour and were reprimanded for the sex doll incident, indicating the company made some effort to combat inappropriate conduct. READ MORE: After a decade of grappling with sexual harassment and bullying, is the RCMP ready to turn the page? Another time, former employees say Arnold attempted to bring members of the team to a strip club. Company culture isn’t just about behaviours that are rewarded or encouraged, Watson says, but also ones that are tolerated or ignored. Actions that might not seem like a big deal at the time can “sow the seeds” of other types of much more serious future behaviour, she says. Advertisement “No women stayed at that company for very long,” says one former employee. One former female employee said she quit Planswell after only a few months at the company because of the culture and lack of pay. “It was a combination of finance dudes and tech dudes, which really doesn’t make a great fit for me and, I think, the most marginalized people,” she says. Chew knew tech was a male-dominated industry. Only five per cent of Canadian tech startups have a solo female CEO, according to a recent PwC and MaRS report. When companies have male and female co-CEOs, the number only increases to six per cent. More than half of tech companies have no female executives at all. As a young woman of colour, the odds were stacked even more against Chew, but she says she wanted to succeed. Davinia Chew. Photo by Laura Whelan. Throughout December 2017, as they worked more closely together, Wickware and Chew talked during and outside of office hours on Slack — the company’s main means of online communication — and Facebook Messenger. Chew says they developed an emotional bond. During one of their late-night conversations in late December, Wickware confessed to Chew over Facebook Messenger that he thought she was beautiful and did a “triple take” when he first saw her at the office. He also admitted he noticed “little details” about her when they worked together, like the colour of her skin and the placement of the bobby pins in her hair. Chew told Wickware she, too, had feelings for him. Global News has reviewed copies of these Facebook conversations. Around this time, Chew says Wickware made sexual comments toward her at the Planswell office. While putting on their winter boots to leave the building one day, Wickware allegedly asked Chew if she would have his children because their “half-Asian, half-white” babies would be cute. Chew says she was completely caught off guard, blushed and said no. “The red flags kept popping up, and I just squashed them every single time,” she says. “‘We trust Michael. Michael’s a good person.’ That was the thought process that kept popping up.” HR expert Watson says it’s never appropriate for an executive to pursue an entry-level employee. There is a clear power difference, she says, that “will always muddy the waters” when it comes to consent in sexual or romantic interactions. “There is no way to remove that power difference from their interactions, whether they take place at work or outside of work, even if they want to,” she says. WATCH: Nearly 2 in 10 women experience workplace harassment 0:52 Nearly 2 in 10 women experience workplace harassment: StatCan Nearly 2 in 10 women experience workplace harassment: StatCan In January 2018, Chew was getting equipment in a Planswell boardroom with Wickware when she says he grazed her butt — something she initially believed was an accident — then tried to lean in for either a hug or a kiss. She says she pushed him away and ran out of the room because she was in shock. Apart from a hug at a Christmas party, Chew says their relationship hadn’t been physical up until this point and she was thrown off by him crossing this boundary at work. Still, their online conversations continued throughout work hours into evenings and weekends. Chew says a romantic and sexual relationship began. She had developed strong feelings for Wickware and trusted him. Chew says Wickware’s behaviour soon became unpredictable: one minute he was telling her how much he liked her and how “hot” she looked, and the other he was sharing intimate details about his marriage then ignoring her. In early February, Chew tried to extract herself from the situation and told Wickware he needed to stop contacting her unless it was work-related and to cease making inappropriate comments. Wickware agreed and admitted he needed to leave her alone. Advertisement “I feel like I’m just a toy that you’re playing with. And you’re throwing me away when you’re done,” Chew wrote in a Facebook message to Wickware that Global News has reviewed. “I don’t disagree,” he replied, before discussing his marital issues. Just weeks after she told him to leave her alone, Chew and Wickware talked about their possible future as parents together. Chew says this cycle repeated for months. Their relationship would end, he would continue to reach out and make sexual advances, she would engage, then she would push him away again. She says the volatile nature of his behaviour took a serious toll on her mental well-being. READ MORE: How to tell if you’re being bullied at work There was also the fear of losing her job. At work, Chew says their relationship was tense and she worried what Wickware was saying about her to Arnold. “A lot of the time at the office, if he was in a bad mood, he would take it out on me,” Chew says. “He would privately just be mean to me and he’d say snarky comments. … I felt like I was his pin cushion anytime he was pissed off.” Chew says Wickware also hurt her ability to grow in the company. She says she told Wickware she wanted to move into a marketing role, but he told her it wouldn’t be a good idea for them to work together. Eventually, their relationship ended. Chew says Wickware’s behaviour became more extreme and manipulative. In mid-July 2018, Chew says she explicitly told Wickware in person to leave her alone and no longer send her sexual messages or tell her “she looks hot” at the office. She didn’t want to be involved in the problems of his marriage, and she didn’t want issues at work, either. She says she even physically moved desks to be further away from him. Still, she says he persisted and would try to corner her in the office. In August, Chew says she again told Wickware multiple times only to communicate with her about work-related things. She says she also told colleagues about his behaviour and even asked a co-worker to talk to Wickware on her behalf. Chew says Wickware continued to pursue her. Eric Arnold. Source: Facebook/Planswell. The way Chew tried to deal with the alleged harassment is consistent with what most women do, says Watson, the HR expert. Sexual harassment captures a wide range of unwanted behaviours, including breaching personal physical boundaries, unwelcome sexual advances, inappropriate emails or texts and inappropriate comments. Watson points to research on individuals who experienced workplace harassment and their coping strategies. Among the options of avoiding the harasser, trying to renegotiate the relationship with them, seeking external support and internally reporting the harassment, the research found reporting was often the last resort. “People look at the organization, and they weigh the costs and benefits,” Watson explains. “How likely is it that the organization is going to act in a way that’s going to resolve this situation for me favourably? And how much stress and angst is that going to cause?” If your startup has a small staff or doesn’t have an HR department, chances are the person you’d be complaining to is your boss or the company’s CEO, Watson says. This can be especially hard for people who fear job security or are early in their careers. “You’re going to have to relate probably a very embarrassing and difficult experience for you, so there’s a lot of barriers to reporting that exist,” Watson says. “And then layer power dynamics on top of that.” WATCH: Woman says she reported boss for sexual harassment, then got fired 2:04 Woman says she reported boss for sexual harassment, then got fired Woman says she reported boss for sexual harassment, then got fired Research shows that power imbalances are a risk factor for sexual harassment, which can also affect one’s ability to report it. Employees in lower-paying positions or less formal work environments may be particularly vulnerable — especially women. Advertisement Chew says she felt trapped. She says she didn’t feel like she could talk to Arnold about the harassment because Wickware had previously told her that he and Arnold shared “a golden bond.” She also worried Arnold and other Planswell execs wouldn’t believe her or would brush her allegations aside. “I didn’t feel like I had options to advance in the company,” Chew says. “There was nowhere for me to go. There was no way Michael was going to work with me. … He was playing puppet master, manoeuvring the strings all over the place. Because he was in such a big position of power, I didn’t even know where the strings went.” At the time of Chew’s employment, Chew says Planswell didn’t have a sexual harassment policy. This made reporting the alleged harassment that much harder. In a statement to Global News, Arnold said that months before Chew’s allegations, the company “held employee consultation meetings to craft, as a team, a robust code of conduct, anti-harassment and anti-bullying policies.” READ MORE: Canada has a discrimination problem when it comes to hiring — here’s why

The company, however, had recently hired an HR person for the role of “head of people operations.” At the end of August 2018, Chew says she met with the HR manager to talk about the harassment. Chew says she and the HR manager went for a walk outside the office, and Chew asked what she could do if she was experiencing harassment at the company. According to Chew, the HR manager said she could file a complaint. She wasn’t sure she wanted to do that just yet, she says, because of Wickware’s position in the company and the fact that Planswell had only just hired an HR person. Chew says she did, however, tell the HR manager that she had a relationship with someone in the company who Chew claimed had gone on to harass her. Chew also says she told them that she asked a colleague to intervene to stop the harassment. She says she asked the HR manager to leave a note in her employee file or document their conversation somewhere. According to Chew, they agreed. Michael Wickware. Source: Facebook/Planswell. On a Tuesday in mid-September 2018, just weeks after her walk with the HR person, Chew lost her job at Planswell. According to Chew, Arnold said he didn’t think she was needed at the company anymore and wasn’t sure if she fit into her role. Just moments before she was let go, she says she saw Wickware and Arnold go for a walk together. When the two executives came back, Chew says Wickware wouldn’t look at her. She can only speculate why she was let go but says the timing of her termination was coincidentally close to when she tried to report sexual harassment at the company. Arnold did not respond to why Chew was fired when asked by Global News. “I had a gut feeling I was going to get fired that day,” Chew says. “I just knew.” After she was fired, Chew had on-and-off contact with Wickware until December, something experts say is not unusual for people who have been harassed. There are reasons why people maintain relationships with harassers, including feelings of shame and confusion — emotions perpetrators often exploit. It can also take time for people to comprehend what has happened to them or report altogether, according to experts. “It felt like [Michael] thrived off of feeling wanted and enjoyed having the attention of someone who was dependent on him,” she says. “He would make it seem like a lot of what is happening is my fault and when I would bring up how something makes me feel, he would counter that he feels worse.”