Mr. Chappelle — who has always been far more savvy and engaged on race than on gender (his TV series “Chappelle’s Show” flashed a leering teenage sensibility) — is not aiming merely for transgression. He embraces this new movement, calls himself a feminist and offers sober political analysis, with a passionate argument for focusing on structural issues. “You got all the bad guys scared, and that’s good,” he says. “But the minute they’re not scared anymore, it will get worse than it was before. Fear does not make lasting peace.”

This is not a joke. Nor is it reckless. It’s expressing a moderate’s caution and hope for reconciliation in the face of a revolutionary social movement. It’s the same impulse that led Mr. Chappelle, hosting “Saturday Night Live” just after the presidential election, to urge us to give Donald J. Trump a chance. (He has since apologized.) In his current incarnation, Mr. Chappelle often carries himself less like a mischievous outlaw than a comedy statesman. (At the close of Netflix’s “Def Comedy Jam 25,” Mr. Chappelle, who as a young comic criticized how the show set expectations for black artists, delivered a reverential coda about its historical importance.)

Much of his 2017 comedy had a professorial tone, weaving long pocket histories into his act. But in this paradigm-shifting moment, when victims are speaking out and revealing secrets long buried, Mr. Chappelle is ignoring the historical context, the systemic barriers preventing women from speaking up about abuse or succeeding in comedy. It’s perhaps why an audience member off screen balks at one joke, to which he responds: “I know you’re right, baby. I was right once. Remember that?”

For many young viewers, some of whom know him mainly for his much-criticized recent jokes about transgender people, the answer is no. They don’t remember “Chappelle’s Show,” which premiered 15 years ago, or that he quit the series abruptly. At the time, his reasons for leaving were slightly unclear but, because of an interview he gave, were widely seen as involving his discomfort with white viewers’ response to his racial humor rooted in stereotypes. The departure helped cement his reputation as a comic with a social conscience, willing to pass up tens of millions of dollars because of a principle. In 2017, Mr. Chappelle made tens of millions of dollars from his specials, but one wonders how much he cares about why people are laughing at his new jokes.

In an abrupt pivot, he ends this unusually topical special by asking audience members if they want to know the real reason he left “Chappelle’s Show,” a mystery that lost its urgency years ago and suggests a comic nostalgic for old glories. In a funny bit of self-awareness, Mr. Chappelle says he never wanted to be a hero but, rather like Paul Revere, to be known for a single heroic act.

“Paul Revere’s ride was only one night, then 40 years of him being like: Remember that time when everyone was asleep and I was up, and the British was coming?” Mr. Chappelle says, pausing. “Boy, good thing I was awake.”