Ahmed RH, Shaw KE, McAloon RL, Olugbade YT, Ghuman SA, Ehrenberg KM, Chowdhury IH, Cheng JP, Hoffman AN, Zafonte RD, Hernandez TD, Kline AE (2010) The adverse effect on spatial learning following chronic administration of haloperidol or risperidone after experimental brain trauma is long-lasting. Society for Neuroscience Abstract Viewer and Itinerary Planner 40

Alexander MP (1995) Mild traumatic brain injury—pathophysiology, natural-history, and clinical management. Neurology 45:1253–1260

Andriessen T, Jacobs B, Vos PE (2010) Clinical characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms of focal and diffuse traumatic brain injury. J Cell Mol Med 14:2381–2392

Assaf F, Fishbein M, Gafni M, Keren O, Sarne Y (2012) Pre- and post-conditioning treatment with an ultra-low dose of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) protects against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced cognitive damage. Behav Brain Res 220:194–201

Bales JW, Wagner AK, Kline AE, Dixon CE (2009) Persistent cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury: a dopamine hypothesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 33:981–1003

Baratz R, Rubovitch V, Frenk H, Pick CG (2010) The influence of alcohol on behavioral recovery after mTBI in mice. J Neurotrauma 27:555–563

Bazarian JJ, McClung J, Shah MN, Cheng YT, Flesher W, Kraus J (2005) Mild traumatic brain injury in the United States, 1998–2000. Brain Inj 19:85–91

Beaulieu J-M, Del’guidice T, Sotnikova TD, Lemasson M, Gainetdinov RR (2011) Beyond cAMP: the regulation of Akt and GSK3 by dopamine receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 4:38

Bullinger M (2002) Quality of life in patients with traumatic brain injury—basic issues, assessment and recommendations—results of a consensus meeting. Restor Neurol Neurosci 20:111–124

Camarero J, Sanchez V, O’Shea E, Green AR, Colado MI (2002) Studies, using in vivo microdialysis, on the effect of the dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR 12909 on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (‘ecstasy’)-induced dopamine release and free radical formation in the mouse striatum. J Neurochem 81:961–972

Cassol OJ Jr, Comim CM, Constantino LS, Rosa DVF, Mango LAV, Stertz L, Kapczinski F, Romano-Silva MA, Quevedo J, Dal-Pizzol F (2011) Acute low dose of MK-801 prevents memory deficits without altering hippocampal DARPP-32 expression and BDNF levels in sepsis survivor rats. J Neuroimmunol 230:48–51

Connor B, Dragunow M (1998) The role of neuronal growth factors in neurodegenerative disorders of the human brain. Brain Res Rev 27:1–39

Connor TJ, Kelly JP, McGee M, Leonard BE (2000) Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) suppresses IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha secretion following an in vivo lipopolysaccharide challenge. Life Sci 67:1601–1612

Connor TJ, Harkin A, Kelly JP (2005) Methylenedioxymethamphetamine suppresses production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha independent of a beta-adrenoceptor-mediated increase in interleukin-10. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 312:134–143

Cools R, D’Esposito M (2011) Inverted-U-shaped dopamine actions on human working memory and cognitive control. Biol Psychiatry 69:E113–E125

Davis KL, Kahn RS, Ko G, Davidson M (1991) Dopamine in schizophrenia—a review and reconceptualization. Am J Psychiatr 148:1474–1486

Dellu F, Mayo W, Cherkaoui J, Lemoal M, Simon H (1992) A 2-trial memory task with automated recording—study in young and aged rats. Brain Res 588:132–139

Di Cara B, Maggio R, Aloisi G, Rivet J-M, Lundius EG, Yoshitake T, Svenningsson P, Brocco M, Gobert A, De Groote L, Cistarelli L, Veiga S, De Montrion C, Rodriguez M, Galizzi J-P, Lockhart BP, Coge F, Boutin JA, Vayer P, Verdouw PM, Groenink L, Millan MJ (2011) Genetic deletion of trace amine 1 receptors reveals their role in auto-inhibiting the actions of ecstasy (MDMA). J Neurosci 31:16928–16940

Dix SL, Aggleton JP (1999) Extending the spontaneous preference test of recognition: evidence of object-location and object-context recognition. Behav Brain Res 99:191–200

Dixon CE, Kraus MF, Kline AE, Ma XC, Yan HQ, Griffith RG, Wolfson BM, Marion DW (1999) Amantadine improves water maze performance without affecting motor behavior following traumatic brain injury in rats. Restor Neurol Neurosci 14:285–294

Edut S, Rubovitch V, Schreiber S, Pick CG (2011) The intriguing effects of ecstasy (MDMA) on cognitive function in mice subjected to a minimal traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Psychopharmacology 214:877–889

Gerstenbrand F, Stepan CA (2001) Mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 15:95–97

Granado N, O’Shea E, Bove J, Vila M, Colado MI, Moratalla R (2008) Persistent MDMA-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the striatum and substantia nigra of mice. J Neurochem 107:1102–1112

Granado N, Ares-Santos S, Oliva I, O’Shea E, Martin ED, Isabel Colado M, Moratalla R (2011) Dopamine D2-receptor knockout mice are protected against dopaminergic neurotoxicity induced by methamphetamine or MDMA. Neurobiol Dis 42:391–403

Green AR, Mechan AO, Elliott JM, O’Shea E, Colado MI (2003) The pharmacology and clinical pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”). Pharmacol Rev 55:463–508

Griesbach GS, Hovda DA, Gomez-Pinilla F (2009a) Exercise-induced improvement in cognitive performance after traumatic brain injury in rats is dependent on BDNF activation. Brain Res 1288:105–115

Griesbach GS, Sutton RL, Hovda DA, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F (2009b) Controlled contusion injury alters molecular systems associated with cognitive performance. J Neurosci Res 87:795–805

Haavik J, Toska K (1998) Tyrosine hydroxylase and Parkinson’s disease. Mol Neurobiol 16:285–309

Hamm RJ, Lyeth BG, Jenkins LW, Odell DM, Pike BR (1993) Selective cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury in rats. Behav Brain Res 59:169–173

Han X, Yang N, Xu Y, Zhu J, Chen Z, Liu Z, Dang G, Song C (2011) Simvastatin treatment improves functional recovery after experimental spinal cord injury by upregulating the expression of BDNF and GDNF. Neurosci Lett 487:255–259

Hewitt KE, Green AR (1994) Chlormethiazole, dizocilpine and haloperidol prevent the degeneration of serotonergic nerve-terminals induced by administration of MDMA (ecstasy) to rats. Neuropharmacology 33:1589–1595

Hoffman AN, Cheng JP, Zafonte RD, Kline AE (2008) Administration of haloperidol and risperidone after neurobehavioral testing hinders the recovery of traumatic brain injury-induced deficits. Life Sci 83:602–607

Holm L, Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, Borg J (2005) Summary of the WHO Collaborating Centre for Neurotrauma Task Force on mild traumatic brain injury. J Rehabil Med 37:137–141

Hutson CB, Lazo CR, Mortazavi F, Giza CC, Hovda D, Chesselet M-F (2011) Traumatic brain injury in adult rats causes progressive nigrostriatal dopaminergic cell loss and enhanced vulnerability to the pesticide paraquat. J Neurotrauma 28:1783–1801

Kaplan GB, Vasterling JJ, Vedak PC (2010) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, and their comorbid conditions: role in pathogenesis and treatment. Behav Pharmacol 21:427–437

Kehagia AA, Murray GK, Robbins TW (2010) Learning and cognitive flexibility: frontostriatal function and monoaminergic modulation. Curr Opin Neurobiol 20:199–204

Kellendonk C, Simpson EH, Polan HJ, Malleret G, Vronskaya S, Winiger V, Moore H, Kandel ER (2006) Transient and selective overexpression of dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum causes persistent abnormalities in prefrontal cortex functioning. Neuron 49:603–615

Kline AE, Massucci JL, Marion DW, Dixon CE (2002) Attenuation of working memory and spatial acquisition deficits after a delayed and chronic bromocriptine treatment regimen in rats subjected to traumatic brain injury by controlled cortical impact. J Neurotrauma 19:415–425

Kline AE, Massucci JL, Ma XC, Zafonte RD, Dixon CE (2004) Bromocriptine reduces lipid peroxidation and enhances spatial learning and hippocampal neuron survival in a rodent model of focal brain trauma. J Neurotrauma 21:1712–1722

Kline AE, Hoffman AN, Cheng JP, Zafonte RD, Massucci JL (2008) Chronic administration of antipsychotics impede behavioral recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett 448:263–267

Kobori N, Clifton GL, Dash PK (2006) Enhanced catecholamine synthesis in the prefrontal cortex after traumatic brain injury: implications for prefrontal dysfunction. J Neurotrauma 23:1094–1102

Li Y-C, Gao W-J (2011) GSK-3 beta activity and hyperdopamine-dependent behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35:645–654

Li B, Arime Y, Hall FS, Uhl GR, Sora I (2010) Impaired spatial working memory and decreased frontal cortex BDNF protein level in dopamine transporter knockout mice. Eur J Pharmacol 628:104–107

Li Y-C, Kellendonk C, Simpson EH, Kandel ER, Gao W-J (2011) D2 receptor overexpression in the striatum leads to a deficit in inhibitory transmission and dopamine sensitivity in mouse prefrontal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:12107–12112

Loane DJ, Faden AI (2010) Neuroprotection for traumatic brain injury: translational challenges and emerging therapeutic strategies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 31:596–604

Ma X, Yan HQ, Kline AE, Yu J, Marion DW, Dixon CE (2000) Upregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in rat frontal cortex after chronic traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 17:951

McIntosh TK, Yu T, Gennarelli TA (1994) Alterations in regional brain catecholamine concentrations after experimental brain injury in the rat. J Neurochem 63:1426–1433

Mehta MA, Gumaste D, Montgomery AJ, McTavish SFB, Grasby PM (2005) The effects of acute tyrosine and phenylalanine depletion on spatial working memory and planning in healthy volunteers are predicted by changes in striatal dopamine levels. Psychopharmacology 180:654–663

Meisner F, Scheller C, Kneitz S, Sopper S, Neuen-Jacob E, Riederer P, ter Meulen V, Koutsilieri E (2008) Memantine upregulates BDNF and prevents dopamine deficits in SIV-infected macaques: a novel pharmacological action of memantine. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:2228–2236

Messier C (1997) Object recognition in mice: improvement of memory by glucose. Neurobiol Learn Mem 67:172–175

Milman A, Rosenberg A, Weizman R, Pick CG (2005) Mild traumatic brain injury induces persistent cognitive deficits and behavioral disturbances in mice. J Neurotrauma 22:1003–1010

Pan WH, Kastin AJ, Rigai T, McLay R, Pick CG (2003) Increased hippocampal uptake of tumor necrosis factor alpha and behavioral changes in mice. Exp Brain Res 149:195–199

Prigatano GP, Gale SD (2011) The current status of postconcussion syndrome. Curr Opin Psychiatry 24:243–250

Ryan LM, Warden DL (2003) Post concussion syndrome. Int Rev Psychiatry 15:310–316

Saatman KE, Duhaime A-C, Bullock R, Maas AIR, Valadka A, Manley GT (2008) Classification of traumatic brain injury for targeted therapies. J Neurotrauma 25:719–738

Savitz J, Solms M, Ramesar R (2006) The molecular genetics of cognition: dopamine, COMT and BDNF. Genes Brain Behav 5:311–328

Schmidt CJ, Black CK, Taylor VL (1990) Antagonism of the neurotoxicity due to a single administration of methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Eur J Pharmacol 181:59–70

Seeman P, Schwarz J, Chen JF, Szechtman H, Perreault M, McKnight GS, Roder JC (2006) Psychosis pathways converge via D2(high) dopamine receptors. Synapse 60:319–346

Shin SS, Bray ER, Zhang CQ, Dixon CE (2010) Alterations in striatal dopamine synthesis and release at 1 day and 1 week after traumatic brain injury in rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstract Viewer and Itinerary Planner 40

Shin SS, Bray ER, Zhang CQ, Dixon CE (2011) Traumatic brain injury reduces striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity and potassium-evoked dopamine release in rats. Brain Res 1369:208–215

Sil’kis IG (2002) A possible mechanism for the dopamine-evoked synergistic disinhibition of thalamic neurons via the “direct” and “indirect” pathways in the basal ganglia. Neurosci Behav Physiol 32:205–212

Simpson EH, Kellendonk C, Kandel E (2010) A possible role for the striatum in the pathogenesis of the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Neuron 65:585–596

Sumi-Ichinose C, Ichinose H, Ikemoto K, Nomura T, Kondo K (2010) Advanced research on dopamine signaling to develop drugs for the treatment of mental disorders: regulation of dopaminergic neural transmission by tyrosine hydroxylase protein at nerve terminals. J Pharmacol Sci 114:17–24

Takahashi H, Higuchi M, Suhara T (2006) The role of extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptors in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 59:919–928

Tang YP, Noda Y, Nabeshima T (1997) Involvement of activation of dopaminergic neuronal system in learning and memory deficits associated with experimental mild traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 9:1720–1727

Taniguchi N, Shinoda Y, Takei N, Nawa H, Ogura A, Tominaga-Yoshino K (2006) Possible involvement of BDNF release in long-lasting synapse formation induced by repetitive PKA activation. Neurosci Lett 406:38–42

Tio D, Nair S, Taylor A, Hovda D, Griesbach G (2011) Differential effects of voluntary and forced exercise after mild traumatic brain injury on BDNF and stress responses. J Neurotrauma 28:A80–A80

Valjent E, Bertran-Gonzalez J, Bowling H, Lopez S, Santini E, Matamales M, Bonito-Oliva A, Herve D, Hoeffers C, Klann E, Girault J-A, Fisone G (2011) Haloperidol regulates the state of phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 via activation of PKA and phosphorylation of DARPP-32. Neuropsychopharmacology 36:2561–2570

Wagner AK, Chen XB, Kline AE, Li YM, Zafonte RD, Dixon CE (2005a) Gender and environmental enrichment impact dopamine transporter expression after experimental traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 195:475–483

Wagner AK, Sokoloski JE, Ren D, Chen X, Khan AS, Zafonte RD, Michael AC, Dixon CE (2005b) Controlled cortical impact injury affects dopaminergic transmission in the rat striatum. J Neurochem 95:457–465

Wagner AK, Kline AE, Ren DX, Willard LA, Wenger MK, Zafonte RD, Dixon CE (2007a) Gender associations with chronic methylphenidate treatment and behavioral performance following experimental traumatic brain injury. Behav Brain Res 181:200–209

Wagner AK, Ren DX, Conley YP, Ma XC, Kerr ME, Zafonte RD, Puccio AM, Marion DW, Dixon CE (2007b) Sex and genetic associations with cerebrospinal fluid dopamine and metabolite production after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 106:538–547

Wagner AK, Drewencki LL, Chen X, Santos FR, Khan AS, Harun R, Torres GE, Michael AC, Dixon CE (2009) Chronic methylphenidate treatment enhances striatal dopamine neurotransmission after experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 108:986–997

Weinberger DR, Berman KF, Illowsky BP (1988) Physiological dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. III. A new cohort and evidence for a monoaminergic mechanism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:609–615

Whyte J (2006) The effects of methylphenidate on attention deficits after traumatic brain injury: a multidimensional assessment. Brain Cogn 60:191–191

Whyte J, Hart T, Vaccaro M, Grieb-Neff P, Risser A, Polansky M, Coslett HB (2004) Effects of methylphenidate on attention deficits after traumatic brain injury—a multidimensional randomized controlled trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 83:401–420

Williams WH, Potter S, Ryland H (2010) Mild traumatic brain injury and postconcussion syndrome: a neuropsychological perspective. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 81:1116–1122

Wotherspoon G, Savery D, Priestley JV, Rattray M (1994) Repeated administration of MDMA down-regulates preprocholecystokinin mRNA expression but not tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression in neurones of the rat substantia nigra. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 25:34–40

Wu HT, Lu DY, Jiang H, Xiong Y, Qu CS, Li B, Mahmood A, Zhou D, Chopp M (2008) Simvastatin-mediated upregulation of VEGF and BDNF, activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and increase of neurogenesis are associated with therapeutic improvement after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 25:130–139

Yamada K, Nabeshima T (2003) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB signaling in memory processes. J Pharmacol Sci 91:267–270

Yan HQ, Kline AE, Ma XC, Hooghe-Peters EL, Marion DW, Dixon CE (2001) Tyrosine hydroxylase, but not dopamine beta-hydroxylase, is increased in rat frontal cortex after traumatic brain injury. Neuroreport 12:2323–2327

Yan HQ, Kline AE, Ma XC, Li YM, Dixon CE (2002) Traumatic brain injury reduces dopamine transporter protein expression in the rat frontal cortex. Neuroreport 13:1899–1901

Yan HO, Li Y, Ma X, Dixon CE (2004) Adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors interactions in rat striatum after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 21:P302

Yan HQ, Ma XC, Li YM, Bales J, Dixon CE (2007a) Effect of traumatic brain injury on the expression of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32 kDA phosphorylation at threonine 34 (pDARPP32-T34) in rat striatum. J Neurotrauma 24:P182

Yan HQ, Ma X, Chen X, Li Y, Shao L, Dixon CE (2007b) Delayed increase of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in rat nigrostriatal system after traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 1134:171–179

Zhan L, Wang T, Li W, Xu ZC, Sun W, Xu E (2010) Activation of Akt/FoxO signaling pathway contributes to induction of neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia by hypoxic pre-conditioning in adult rats. J Neurochem 114:897–908

Zhang HX, Du GH, Zhang JT (2003) Ischemic pre-conditioning preserves brain mitochondrial functions during the middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat. Neurol Res 25:471–476