TOP UGC NET COMMERCE COACHING

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UGC NET Commerce Syllabus

Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment-Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business

Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy

Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy

Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP

Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA

International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD

World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS

Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates

Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of partnership firms

Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies

Holding company accounts

Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT

Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis

Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting

Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS

Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit

Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit

Unit 3: Business Economics Meaning and scope of business economics

Objectives of business firms

Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR

Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis

Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale

Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves

Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination

Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing

Unit 4: Business Finance Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing

Cost of capital and time value of money

Capital structure

Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis

Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies

Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization

International monetary system

Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques

International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs

International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting

Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods Measures of central tendency

Measures of dispersion

Measures of skewness

Correlation and regression of two variables

Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem

Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions

Research: Concept and types; Research designs

Data: Collection and classification of data

Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non-probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation

Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi-square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test

Report writing

Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management Principles and functions of management

Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control

Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization

Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories

Corporate governance and business ethics

Human resource management: Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning

Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits

Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal

Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management

Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management

Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change

Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions Overview of Indian financial system

Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks

Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and monetary policy management

Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management

Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market

Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds

Financial Regulators in India

Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion

Digitisation of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payments systems

Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory framework of insurance- IRDA and its role

Unit 8: Marketing Management Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning

Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development

Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies

Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods -Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix

Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management

Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions

Service marketing

Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM

Logistics management

Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts;

Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency

Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer

Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments

The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company

Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India

The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions

The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties

The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) : Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property

Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST