1-minute Mesoscale Domain Sector GOES-16 (GOES-East) “Red” Visible ( 0.64 µm ) imagesshowed the development and propagation of a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) that produced hail up to 3.0 inches in diameter in Minnesota and wind gusts to 84 mph and a few tornadoes in Wisconsin ( SPC Storm Reports NWS Green Bay ) on 19 July 2019 . Numerous overshooting tops and widespread storm-top gravity waves were evident in the imagery, along with a few Above-Anvil Cirrus Plume features extending northeastward from some of the overshooting tops around sunset. Also notable were the inflow feeder bands that were streaming northward into the southern flank of the MCS across Minnesota.

A comparison of GOES-16 “Red” Visible (0.64 µm) and “Clean” Infrared Window (10.35 µm) images (below) revealed cloud-top infrared brightness temperatures as cold as -86ºC over northwestern Wisconsin.

As the MCS persisted into the subsequent nighttime hours, GOES-16 Infrared imagesshowed the large canopy of cold cloud tops, with infrared brightness temperatures of -80ºC or colder (violet pixels). Some of the embedded storms exhibited well-defined Enhanced-V storm top signatures (for example, at 2219 UTC ).

===== 22 July Update =====

A comparison of Terra MODIS True Color Red-Green-Blue (RGB) images from 11 July and 22 Julyshowed the subtle NW-SE oriented swath of downed trees across northeastern Wisconsin. A 14 July vs 22 July comparison as viewed using RealEarth is shown below — the swath extended from approximately Pickerel to Mountain.

In 22 July Terra MODIS images displayed using AWIPS, the swath of downed trees was brighter (more reflective) in the Near-Infrared “Snow/Ice” (1.61 µm), warmer (darker shades of orange to red) in the Shortwave Infrared (3.7 µm) and Land Surface Temperature, and lighter shades of green in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index.

The swath of downed trees was also seen in GOES-16 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index images, showing up as a darker shade of green with that product’s default enhancement.