BRUSSELS — The European Parliament passed a strong new set of data protection measures on Wednesday prompted in part by the disclosure of America’s vast electronic spying program.

But the prospects for the provisions to become law will depend on the 28 European Union member governments giving their accord, which is highly uncertain. And the current Parliament will disband for elections in May, meaning the package will have to be picked up and carried forward by a new set of lawmakers who may or may not be as concerned about digital privacy as the current body.

The measures, meant to protect the European Union’s 250 million Internet users from online surveillance, approved by a wide margin by lawmakers meeting in Strasbourg, France, had been under discussion since 2012. But they received impetus last year by revelations from Edward J. Snowden, a former contractor at the United States National Security Agency, about the spying programs carried out by the N.S.A. and other intelligence agencies, including in Europe.

The new rules, among the most stringent data protections that lawmakers anywhere have pursued, aim to give people more say about who gets access to their personal data and would increase safeguards on the data that ends up with the police and judicial authorities. They would also grant individuals the right to have their online data erased — the so-called “right to be forgotten.”