WASHINGTON—Leaders of the world’s largest central banks indicated that weak inflation in advanced economies could prolong the postcrisis era of easy money policies.

Despite a broad-based improvement in the global economy, wages and consumer prices remain stubbornly low, making central bankers wary of removing their stimulus measures too quickly, they told a Group of 30 banking conference here on Sunday.

Their concerns contrasted with the generally upbeat tone that prevailed during last week’s fall meetings of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, and they suggest that there is still work to do to get the world’s economy on track nearly a decade after the onset of the global financial crisis.

As the outlook has brightened, many central bankers are tiptoeing toward scaling back their efforts to boost growth. Some are further along than others.

The U.S. Federal Reserve has been slowly raising short-term interest rates for almost two years, but the European Central Bank is just now nearing the point where it can ease up on economic stimulus and the Bank of Japan is still nowhere near paring back.