MADRID — The Spanish government on Thursday presented a draft budget for 2013 with a package of tax increases and spending cuts that it said would guarantee the country could meet deficit-cutting targets agreed to with the rest of the euro zone.

Because the Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy’s Popular Party controls Parliament, the budget is expected to be adopted within the next few weeks. But with current austerity measures already prompting street demonstrations amid high unemployment and a recession, there is little likelihood that the new budget will do anything to calm a restive public.

Facing down independent-minded Catalonia, the central government warned Thursday that it would fight any breakaway attempt by the region, the most economically powerful among Spain’s 17 semiautonomous regions. Artur Mas, Catalonia’s leader, called this week for regional elections in November and suggested that Catalan citizens had the right to decide whether they wanted to secede from Spain.

Spain’s deputy prime minister, Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría, said Thursday that there were legal and constitutional provisions to forbid a region from holding a referendum and that “this government is ready to use them.”