Bitcoin first cracked a $1 billion market cap on March 30, 2013. And by the following month, it had reached $1.504 billion. Meanwhile, the market for additional blockchain assets outside of bitcoin (“non-bitcoin blockchain assets”) was vastly smaller, totaling in at just $92 million on April 28, 2013.

Less than three years later — on March 21, 2016 — while the bitcoin market cap had grown 300% to $6.318 billion, non-BTC blockchain assets had grown a whopping 1,600% to $1.602 billion.

You can see the dramatic evolution of blockchain assets in terms of market capitalization and asset composition in some illustrations below.

Market cap over time — blockchain assets

Data source: Coinmarketcap

Market cap over time — non-bitcoin blockchain assets

Data source: Coinmarketcap

Ratio over time — non-BTC blockchain asset market cap / total blockchain asset market cap (%)

Data source: Coinmarketcap

Number of assets over time — large blockchain assets

Data source: Coinmarketcap

Composition over time — major non-BTC blockchain assets

Data source: Coinmarketcap

Ranking – top 15 blockchain assets (by largest market cap ever reached)

Data source: Coinmarketcap

Ranking – top 15 blockchain assets (by largest current market cap)

Data source: Coinmarketcap

The blockchain asset market currently sits in the following state as we move past Q1 2016:

Bitcoin comprises just about 80% of the total blockchain asset market cap

15 blockchain assets have now exceeded a $50 million market cap (ever)

13 blockchain assets currently exceed a $10 million market cap

Ether just broke a $1 billion market cap, making it the first non-BTC blockchain asset to ever break this mark. It now sits in the second place blockchain asset position (by current and all-time market cap).

A closer look at the larger blockchain players

Let’s explore some of these larger non-bitcoin blockchain assets a bit further. Here are the top five, ranked by current market cap, all over $30 million (data source: Coinmarketcap).

As you can see, three non-BTC blockchain assets have spiked over the $500 million market cap level: Litecoin in late 2013, Ripple in late 2014, and Ether in early 2016.

Litecoin is an open source fork of the bitcoin client that was released in October 2011 by Charlie Lee, a former Google engineer and MIT CS graduate who currently leads engineering at Coinbase. Some of Litecoin’s primary differences to bitcoin are: a decreased block time (“2.5 minutes, one quarter of bitcoin’s 10 minutes”), an increased total supply (“84 million, four times as many currency units as bitcoin”), and a different proof-of-work block hashing algorithm (“scrypt instead of SHA256”).

Ripple comes from from Ripple Labs, a San Francisco based startup (founded in 2012 with over $35 million in funding) that created an open payment network based on what it says is “the world’s first distributed exchange” and a “counterparty-free currency”. In addition to its development of the Ripple protocol and open-source software (for which it encourages developer contributions), it is actively “building a global financial settlement network” comprised of “international payment originators, financial institutions, market makers, and system integrators” to “provide a significantly superior alternative to the current system of cross-border settlement (which provides limited access, with settlement risk, two to four day transaction cycles, and high costs)”. As to the supply of Ripple, it’s “method of confirmation, called consensus, doesn’t need mining”, and thus Ripple has the following distribution of its native currency (source: https://ripple.com/xrp-portal/):

The company says that, “in theory, users of the Ripple Network could exchange anything of value (fiat currencies, digital currencies, gold, securities, etc.),” and much more. Some major ways if differs from bitcoin are that Ripple “can send and automatically exchange any currency”, “has no mining or direct monetary reward for running a server”, and uses “consensus instead of proof-of-work,” resulting in a totally different supply structure.

Ether is the built-in currency of open source blockchain app platform Ethereum. It was founded by Vitalik Buterin (a 22-year-old University of Waterloo dropout, Thiel Fellow, and Bitcoin Magazine cofounder) in late 2013 and is now developed by a team of developers for the Ethereum Foundation. Ethereum is a “decentralized platform that runs smart contracts on a custom built blockchain: applications that run exactly as programmed (without any possibility of downtime, censorship, fraud or third party interference).” You can find a snapshot of the current “State of the DApps” — de-centralized applications being built on Ethereum — here.

Regarding Ether’s issuance model, a white paper cites a few current and future expected methodologies: “Ether will be released in a currency sale at the price of 1000–2000 ether per BTC (a mechanism intended to fund the Ethereum organization and pay for development).” Initial sales of the currency resulted in over $18 million raised and the 5th place highest funded crowdfunding project ever in September 2014. Of the total amount sold, a ratio will be allocated to “the organization to compensate early contributors”, “a long-term reserve”, and “to miners per year forever.” The paper further claims, “in the future, it is likely that Ethereum will switch to a proof-of-stake model for security, reducing the issuance requirement to somewhere between zero and 0.05X per year.”