Mark Fisher's essay "Time-Wars" riveted me. It's an analysis of the way that stories about technology and work — both explicit political/ideological stump speeches and futurism, and science fiction stories — have failed to keep pace with the reality of work, automation, and "precarity" (the condition of living a precarious economic existence). After all, time is finite. Life is finite. Automation makes it possible not to work, or to work very little, at least in the rich world. The system distributes the gains of automation so unevenly that a tragically overworked class is pitted against a tragically unemployed class. Meanwhile, the only resource that is truly non-renewable — the time of our lives — is frittered away in "work" that we do because we must, because of adherence to doctrine about how money should flow.

For most workers, there is no such thing as the long term. As sociologist Richard Sennett put it in his book The Corrosion of Character: The Personal Consequences of Work in the New Capitalism, the post-Fordist worker "lives in a world marked … by short-term flexibility and flux … Corporations break up or join together, jobs appear and disappear, as events lacking connection." (30) Throughout history, humans have learned to come to terms with the traumatic upheavals caused by war or natural disasters, but "[w]hat's peculiar about uncertainty today," Sennett points out, "is that it exists without any looming historical disaster; instead it is woven into the everyday practices of a vigorous capitalism."

It isn't only work that has become more tenuous. The neoliberal attacks on public services, welfare programmes and trade unions mean that we are increasingly living in a world deprived of security or solidarity. The consequence of the normalisation of uncertainty is a permanent state of low-level panic. Fear, which attaches to particular objects, is replaced by a more generalised anxiety, a constant twitching, an inability to settle. The uncertainty of work is intensified by digital communication technology. As soon as there is email, there are no longer working hours nor a workplace. What characterises the present moment more than our anxious checking – of our messages, which may bring opportunities or demands (often both at the same time), or, more abstractly, of our status, which, like the stock market is constantly under review, never finally resolved?

We are very far from the "society of leisure" that was confidently predicted in the 1970s. Contrary to the hopes raised at that time, technology has not liberated us from work. As Federico Campagna writes in his article "Radical Atheism", published on the Through Europe website. "In the current age of machines … humans finally have the possibility of devolving most productive processes to technological apparatus, while retaining all outcomes for themselves. In other words, the (first) world currently hosts all the necessary pre-conditions for the realization of the old autonomist slogan 'zero work / full income/ all production / to automation'. Despite all this, 21st century Western societies are still torn by the dusty, capitalist dichotomy which opposes a tragically overworked section of population against an equally tragically unemployed one."

Campagna's call for a "radial atheism" is based on the recognition that the precariousness that cannot be eliminated is that of life and the body. If there is no afterlife, then our time is finite. Curiously, however, we subjects of late capitalism act as if there is infinite time to waste on work. Work looms over us as never before. "In an eccentric and an extreme society like ours," argue Carl Cederström and Peter Fleming in their book Dead Man Working, "working has assumed a universal presence – a 'worker's society in the worst sense of the term – where even the unemployed and children become obsessed with it." (2) Work now colonises weekends, late evenings, even our dreams. "Under Fordism, weekends and leisure time were still relatively untouched," Cederström and Fleming point out. "Today, however, capital seeks to exploit our sociality in all spheres of work. When we all become 'human capital' we not only have a job, or perform a job. We are the job."