BERLIN (Reuters) - Nationalism and a winner-take-all attitude are undermining the cohesion of Europe, German Chancellor Angela Merkel said on Thursday, two days after U.S. President Donald Trump rejected globalism and touted “America First” in a United Nations speech.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel attends the weekly cabinet session at the Chancellery in Berlin, Germany, September 26, 2018. REUTERS/Hannibal Hanschke

Without naming Trump or his nationalist, protectionist approach, Merkel told fellow conservatives at an event of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation in Berlin that the European Union and Germany were facing a watershed moment.

Trump has threatened to pull the United States out of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), potentially undermining one of the foundations of the modern global economy, which Washington was instrumental in creating.

The tycoon-turned-president has also questioned the value of the NATO alliance, the centerpiece of transatlantic security cooperation for almost seven decades.

“Perhaps the most threatening development for me is that multilateralism has come under such pressure,” Merkel said. “Europe is facing attacks from the outside and from the inside.”

Merkel, who grew up in old Communist East Germany, called the end of the Cold War illusory, saying she never would have expected the world would face a similar ideological clash between different schools of thought again.

“I did not expect to have conflicts of different systems again, as we have today with China, but also in dealing with data and certainly also with the United States of America,” Merkel said.

IN DANGER

The changing political landscape and shifting international order, she said, make it necessary again to emphasize supposedly self-evident achievements such as tolerance and the art of striving for political compromises.

“It’s a time of decisions where supposedly obvious things call for a standpoint,” said Merkel, adding that win-win outcomes could hardly be achieved if some were approaching the resolution of disputes with a winner-take-all attitude.

“Where compromises are scorned, democracy is in danger,” Merkel said, against a backdrop of rising tensions within both her governing coalition and European Union member states.

It was the “supreme discipline of democracy”, she said, to find a balance between different interests.

Pointing to the increased use of social media platforms by some politicians, Merkel warned of producing “spirals of outrage”. The exchange of differing views was vital for democracy, as was the need to avoid simplification.

Her warning followed a report by Germany’s leading economic institutes who said on Thursday that any escalation of trade friction involving the United States could cause a major recession in Germany and Europe.

Trump’s speech to the U.N. General Assembly on Tuesday was a thunderous recitation of his “America First” policies. He has disrupted the world order by withdrawing the United States from the Iran nuclear deal and Paris climate accord, and threatened to punish NATO nations for not paying more for their common defense.