Aburto C, Guerrero C, Vera C, Wilson L, Illanes A (2016) Simultaneous synthesis and purification (SSP) of galactooligosaccharides in batch operation. LWT - Food Sci Technol 72:81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.04.029

Akpinar O, Ozlem AK, Kavas A, Bakir U, Yilmaz L (2007) Enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides from cotton stalks. J Agric Food Chem 55:5544–5551. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf063580d

Akpinar O, Erdogan K, Bostanci S (2009) Enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharide from selected agricultural wastes. Food Bioprod Process 87:145–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2008.09.002

Akpinar O, Erdogan K, Bakir U, Yilmaz L (2010) Comparison of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of tobacco stalk xylan for preparation of xylooligosaccharides. LWT Food Sci Technol 43:119–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2009.06.025

Alvaro-Benito M, De Abreu M, Fernandez-Arrojo L, Plou FJ, Jimenez-Barbero J, Ballesteros A, Polaina J, Fernandez-Lobato M (2007) Characterization of a β-fructofuranosidase from Schwanniomyces occidentalis with transfructosylating activity yielding the prebiotic 6-kestose. J Biotechnol 132:75–81

Aragon CC, Mateo C, Ruiz-Matute AI, Corzo N, Fernandez-Lorente G, Sevillano L, Díaz M, Monti R, Santamaría RI, Guisan JM (2013a) Production of xylo-oligosaccharides by immobilized-stabilized derivatives of endo-xylanase from Streptomyces halstedii. Process Biochem 48:478–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2013.01.010

Aragon CC, Santos AF, Ruiz-Matute AI, Corzo N, Guisan JM, Monti R, Mateo C (2013b) Continuous production of xylo-oligosaccharides with immobilized-stabilized biocatalysts of xylanase from Aspergillus versicolor. J Mol Catal B Enzym 98:8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.09.017

Ariandi Y, Meryandini A (2015) Enzymatic hydrolysis of copra meal by mannanase from Streptomyces sp. BF3.1 for the production of mannooligosaccharides. HAYATI J Biosci 22:79–86. https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.22.2.79

Atiyeh H, Duvnjak Z (2001) Production of fructose and ethanol from media with high sucrose concentrations by a mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Chem Technol Biotenol 76:1017–1022. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.474

Azelee NIW, Jahim JM, Ismail AF, Fuzi SFZM, Rahman RA, Illias RM (2016) High xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production from pretreated kenaf stem by enzyme mixture hydrolysis. Ind Crop Prod 81:11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.11.038

Belorkar SA, Gupta AK (2016) Oligosaccharides: a boon form nature’s desk. AMB Expr 6:82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-016-0253-5

Bian J, Peng F, Peng XP, Peng P, Xu F, Sun RC (2013) Structural features and antioxidant activity of xylooligosaccharides enzymatically produced from sugarcane bagasse. Bioresour Technol 127:236–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.112

Blatchford P, Ansell J, de Godoy MRC, Fahey G, Garcia-Mazcorro JF, Gibson GR, Goh YJ, Hotchkiss AT, Hutkins R, LaCroix C, Rastall RA, Reimer RA, Schoterman M, Van Sinderen D, Venema K, Whelan K (2013) Prebiotic mechanisms, functions and applications: a review. Int J Probiotics Prebiotics 8:109–132

Blibech M, Ghorbel RE, Fakhfakh I, Ntarima P, Piens K, Bacha AB, Chaabouni SE (2010) Purification and characterization of a low molecular weight of β-mannanase from Penicillium occitanis Pol6. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 160:1227–1240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8630-z

Blibech M, Chaari F, Bhiri F, Dammak I, Ghorbel RE, Chaabouni SE (2011) Production of manno-oligosaccharides from locust bean gum using immobilized Penicillium occitanis mannanase. J Mol Catal B Enzym 73:111–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.08.007

Boonchuay P, Takenaka S, Kuntiya A, Techapun C, Lekawasdi N, Seesuriyachan P, Chaiyaso T (2016) Purification, characterization, and molecular cloning of the xylanase from Streptomyces thermovulgaris TISTR1948 and its application to xylooligosaccharide production. J Mol Catal B Enzym 129:61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.03.014

Bragato J, Segato F, Squina FM (2013) Production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from delignified sugarcane bagasse by peroxide-HAc process using recombinant xylanase from Bacillus subtilis. Ind Crop Prod 51:123–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.062

Brienzo M, Carvalho W, Milagres AMF (2010) Xylooligosaccharides production from alkali-pretreated sugarcane bagasse using xylanases from Thermoascus aurantiacus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 162:1195–1205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8892-5

Bruzzese E, Volpicelli M, Squaglia M, Tartaglione A, Guarino A (2006) Impact of prebiotics on human health. Digest Liver Dis 38:S283–S287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1590-8658(07)60011-5

Byun SH, Han WC, Kang SA, Kim CH, Jang KH (2007) Production of fructo-oligosaccharides from sucrose by two levansucrases from Pseudomonas aurantiaca and Zymomonas mobilis. J Biotechnol 131:S112–S112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.194

Cai H, Shi P, Uo H, Bai Y, Huang H, Yang P, Yao B (2011) Acidic β-mannanase from Penicillium pinophilum C1: cloning, characterization and assessment of its potential for animal feed application. J Biosci Bioeng 113:551–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.08.018

Campbell JM, Fahey GC, Wolf BW (1997) Selected indigestible oligosaccharides affects large bowel mass, cecal and fecal short-chain fatty acids, pH and micro flora in rats. J Nutr 127:130–136

Carvalho AFA, Neto PO, Silva DF, Pastore GM (2013) Xylo-oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic materials: chemical structure, health benefits and production by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis. Food Res Int 51:75–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.021

Castro CC, Nobre C, Duprez ME, De Weireld G, Hantson AL (2017) Screening and selection of potential carriers to immobilize Aureobasidium pullulans cells for fructo-oligosaccharides production. Biochem Eng J 118:82–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2016.11.011

Chang S, Guo Y, Wu B, He B (2017) Extracellular expression of alkali tolerant xylanase from Bacillus subtilis Lucky9 in E. coli and application for xylooligosaccharides production from agro-industrial waste. Int J Biol Macromolec 96:249–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.032

Chapla D, Pandit P, Shah A (2012) Production of xylooligosaccharides from corncob xylan by fungal xylanase and their utilization by probiotics. Bioresour Technol 115:215–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.083

Chauhan PS, Bharadwaj A, Puri N, Gupta N (2014a) Optimization of medium composition for álcali-thermostable mannanase production by Bacillus nealsonii PN-11 in submerged fermentation. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 3:1033–1045

Chauhan PS, Sharma P, Puri N, Gupta N (2014b) Purification and characterization of an álcali-thermostable β-mannanase from Bacillus nealsonii PN-11 and its application in mannooligosaccharides preparation having prebiotic potential. Eur Food Res Technol 238:927–936. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-014-2170-7

Chauhan PS, Soni SK, Sharma P, Saini A, Gupta N (2014c) A mannanase from Bacillus nealsonii PN-11: statistical optimization of production and application in biobleaching of pulp in combination with xylanase. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 5:237–251

Chen J, Chen XM, Xu XM, Ning YW, Jin ZY, Tian YQ (2011) Biochemical characterization of an intracellular (6)G-fructofuranosidase from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous and its use in production of neo-fructooligosaccharides (neo-FOSs). Bioresour Technol 102:1715–1721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.033

Chen J, Liu D, Shi B, Wang H, Cheng Y, Zhang W (2013) Optimization of hydrolysis conditions for the production of glucomanno-oligosaccharides from konjac using β-mannanase by response surface methodology. Carbohydr Polym 93:81–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.037

Collins T, Gerday C, Feller G (2005) Xylanases, xylanase families and extremophilic xylanases. FEMS Microbiol 29:3–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsre.2004.06.005

Courtin CM, Swennen K, Verjans P, Delcour JA (2009) Heat and pH stability of prebiotic arabinoxylooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides. Food Chem 112:831–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.039

Cui F, Wan C, Li Y, Liu Z, Rajashekara G (2012) Co-production of lactic acid and Lactobacillus rhamnosus cells from whey permeate with nutrient supplements. Food Bioprocess Technol 5:1278–1286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-010-0426-1

Cummings JH, Macfarlane GT, Englyst HN (2001) Prebiotic digestion and fermentation. Am J Clin Nutr 73:415S–420S

De Oliva-Neto P, Menao PTP (2009) Isomaltulose production from sucrose by Protaminobacter rubrum immobilized in calcium alginate. Bioresour Technol 100:4252–4256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.060

Delgado GTC, Tamashiro WMSC, Pastore GM (2010) Immunomodulatory effects of fructans. Food Res Int 43:1231–1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.04.023

Demir M, Turhan I, Kucukcetin A, Alpkentet Z (2013) Oil production by Mortierella isabellina from whey treated with lactase. Bioresour Technol 128:365–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.078

Di Bartolomeo F, Startek JB, Van den Ende W (2013) Prebiotics to fight diseases: reality or fiction? Phytother Res 7:1457–1473. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4901

Diniz RHS, Rodrigues MQRB, Fietto LG, Passos FML, Silveira WB (2014) Optimizing and validating the production of ethanol from cheese whey permeate by Kluyveromyces marxianus UFV-3. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 3:111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2013.09.002

Dominguez A, Nobre C, Rodrigues LR, Peres AM, Torres D, Rocha I, Lima N, Teixeira J (2012) New improved method for fructooligosaccharides production by Aureobasidium pullulans. Carbohyd Polym 89:1174–1179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.091

Dorta C, Cruz R, De Oliva-Neto P, Moura DJC (2006) Sugarcane molasses and yeast powder used in the fructooligosaccharides production by Aspergillus japonicus-FCL 119T and Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611. J Ind Microbiol Biot 33:1003–1009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-006-0152-x

Eggleston G, Côté GL (2003) Oligosaccharides in food and agriculture. Acs Sym Ser 849:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0849.ch001

Fai AEC, Pastore GM (2015) Galactooligosaccharides: production, health benefits, application to foods and perspectives. Sci Agropec 6:69–81. 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2015.01.07

Fai AEC, Simiqueli APR, Ghiselli G, Pastore GM (2015) Sequential optimization approach for prebiotic galactooligosaccharides synthesis by Pseudozyma tsukubaensis and Pichia kluyveri. LWT -Food Sci Technol 63:1214–1219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.04.064

Fernandez M, Villalonga ML, Fragoso A, Cao R, Villalonga R (2004) Effect of β-cyclodextrin-polysucrose polymer on the stability properties of soluble trypsin. Enzyme Microb Tech 34:78–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.09.003

Ferreira SA, Oslakovic C, Cukalevski R, Frohm B, Dahlbäck B, Linse S, Gama FM, Cedervall T (2012) Biocompatibility of mannan nanogel-safe interaction with plasma proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1043–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.04.015

Fischer C, Kleinschmidt T (2015) Synthesis of galactooligosaccharides using sweet and acid whey as a substrate. Int Dairy J 48:15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.01.003

Fu A, Lee AW, Nishi S, Case IL, Cho SS (2012) Efficacy and safety of xylooligosaccharides. In: Dietary fiber and health. Ed, Cho SS and Almeida N, pp 497–518. https://doi.org/10.1201/b12156-37

Gabardo S, Rech R, Rosa CA, Ayub MAS (2014) Dynamics of ethanol production from whey and whey permeate by immobilized strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus in batch and continuous bioreactors. Renew Energ 69:89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.03.023

Ganaie MA, Gupta US, Kango N (2013) Screening of biocatalysts for transformation of sucrose to fructooligosaccharides. J Mol Catal B-Enzym 97:12–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.07.008

Ganaie MA, Soni H, Naikoo GA, Oliveira LTS, Rawat HK, Mehta PK, Narain N (2017) Screening of low cost agricultural wastes to maximize the fructosyltransferase production and its applicability in generation of fructooligosaccharides by solid state fermentation. Int Biodeter Biodegr 118:19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.01.006

Gänzle MG, Haase G, Jelen P (2008) Lactose: crystallization, hydrolysis and value-added derivatives. Int Dairy J 18:685–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.03.003

Ghasemian M, Jahanian R (2016) Dietary mannan-oligosaccharides supplementation could affect performance, immunocompetence, serum lipid metabolites, intestinal bacterial populations, and ileal nutrient digestibility in aged laying hens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 213:81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.12.012

Ghazi I, Fernandez-Arrojo L, Garcia-Arellano H, Ferrer M, Ballesteros A, Plou FJ (2007) Purification and kinetic characterization of a fructosyltransferase from Aspergillus aculeatus. J Biotechnol 128:204–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.09.017

Ghio S, Insani EM, Piccinni FE, Talia PM, Grasso DH, Campos E (2016) GH10 XynA is the main xylanase identified in the crude enzymatic extract of Paenibacillus sp. A59 when grown on xylan or lignocellulosic biomass. Microbiol Res 186-187:16–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2016.02.006

Giannenas I, Doukas D, Karamoutsios A, Tzora A, Bonos E, Skoufos I, Tsinas A, Christaki E, Tontis D, Florou-Paneri P (2016) Effects of Enterococcus faecium, mannan oligosaccharide, benzoic acid and their mixture on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology and blood lymphocyte subpopulations of fattening pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 220:159–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.08.003

Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB (1995) Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr 125:1401–1412. https://doi.org/10.1079/nrr200479

Gibson GR, Wang X (1994) Regulatory effects of bifidobacteria on the growth of other colonic bacteria. J Appl Bacteriol 77:412–420. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb03443.x

Golowczyc M, Vera C, Santos M, Guerrero C, Carasi P, Illanes A, Gómez-Zavaglia A, Tymczyszyn E (2013) Use of whey permeate containing in situ synthesized galacto-oligosaccharides for the growth and preservation of Lactobacillus plantarum. J Dairy Res 80:374–381. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029913000356

González-Delgado I, Lopez-Muñoz M, Morales G, Segura Y (2016) Optimization of the synthesis of high galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose with β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis. Int Dairy J 61:211–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.06.007

González-Siso MI (1994) β-Galactosidase production by Kluyveromyces lactis on milk whey: batch versus fed-batch cultures. Process Biochem 29:565–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-9592(94)80019-7

Gosling A, Stevens GW, Barber AR, Kentish SE, Gras SL (2010) Recent advances refining galactooligosaccharide production from lactose. Food Chem 121:307–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.12.063

Gowdhaman D, Ponnusami V (2015) Production and optimization of xylooligosaccharides from corncob by Bacillus aerophilus KGJ2 xylanase and its antioxidant potential. Int J Biol Macromolec 79:595–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.046

Grand View Research (2016) Prebiotics market analysis by ingredient (FOS, inulin, GOS, MOS), by application (food & beverages, animal feed, dietary supplements) and segment forecasts to 2024. Grand View Research, Inc. http://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/prebiotics-market. Accessed 07 Apr 2017

Heinen PR, Pereira MG, Rechia CGV, Almeida PZ, Monteiro LMO, Pasin TM, Messias JM, Cereia M, Kadowaki MK, Jorge JA, Polizeli MLTM (2017) Immobilized endo-xylanase of Aspergillus tamarii Kita: an interesting biological tool for production of xylooligosaccharides at high temperatures. Process Biochem 53:145–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2016.11.021

Hidaka H, Hirayama M, Sumi N (1988) A fructooligosaccharide-producing enzyme from Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611. Agr Biol Chem Tokyo 52:1181–1187. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.52.1181

Hirayama M, Sumi N, Hidaka H (1989) Purification and properties of a fructooligosaccharide-producing beta-fructofuranosidase from Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611. Agr Biol Chem Tokyo 53:667–673. https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1989.10869350

Ho AL, Carvalheiro F, Duarte LC, Roseiro LB, Charalampopoulos D, Rastall RA (2014) Production and purification of xylooligosaccharides from oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre by a non-isothermal process. Bioresour Technol 152:526–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.114

Hutkins RW, Krumbeck JA, Bindels LB, Cani PD, Fahey G, Goh YJ, Hamaker B, Martens EC, Mills DA, Rastal RA, Vaughan E, Sanders ME (2016) Prebiotics: why definitions matter. Curr Opin Biotechnol 37:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2015.09.001

Jian HL, Zhu LW, Zhang WM, Sun DF, Jiang JX (2013) Enzymatic production and charactereization of manno-oligosaccharides from Gleditsia sinensis galactomannan gum. Int J Biol Macromol 55:282–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.01.025

Kaira GS, Panwar D, Kapoor M (2016) Recombinant endo-mannanase (ManB-1601) production using agro-industrial residues: development of economical medium and application in oil extraction from copra. Bioresour Technol 209:220–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.133

Kallel F, Driss D, Bouaziz F, Neifer M, Ghorbel R, Chaabouni SE (2015a) Production of xylooligosaccharides from garlic straw xylan by purified xylanase from Bacillus mojavensis UEB-FK and their in vitro evaluation as prebiotics. Food Bioprod Process 94:536–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2014.07.012

Kallel F, Driss D, Chaabouni SE, Ghorbel R (2015b) Biological activities of xylooligosaccharides generated from garlic straw xylan by purified xylanase from Bacillus mojavensis UEB-FK. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 175:950–964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1308-1

Katapodis P, Kalogeris E, Kekos D, Christakopoulos P (2004) Biosynthesis of fructo-oligosaccharides by Sporotrichum thermophile during submerged batch cultivation in high sucrose media. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 63:378–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1348-x

Katrolia P, Zhou P, Zhang P, Yan Q, Li Y, Jiang Z, Xu H (2012) High level expression of a novel β-mannanase from Chartomium sp. exhibiting efficient manna hydrolysis. Carbohydr Polym 87:480–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.008

Kawamura M, Matsuda N (2008) Synthesis of a series of fructooligosaccharides with sucrose and cycloinulohexaose extending over ten degrees of polymerization using cycloinulooligosaccharide fructanotransferase from Bacillus circulans OKUMZ 31B. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:1119–1121. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.70758

Kim BW, Choi JW, Yun JW (1998) Selective production of GF(4)-fructooligosaccharide from sucrose by a new transfructosylating enzyme. Biotechnol Lett 20:1031–1034. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005465829053

Kim DY, Ham SJ, Lee HJ, Cho HY, Kim JH, Kim YJ, Shin DH, Rhee YH, Son KH, Park HY (2011) Cloning and characterization of a modular GH5 β-1,4-mannanase with high specific activity from the fibrolytic bacterium Cellulosimicrobium sp. strain HY-13. Bioresour Technol 102:9185–9192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.073

Kim HM, Lee KH, Kim KH, Lee DS, Nguyen QA, Bae HJ (2014) Efficient function and characterization of GH10 xylanase (Xyl10g) from Gloeophyllum trabeum in lignocellulose degradation. J Biotechnol 172:38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.12.013

Kothari D, Patel S, Goyal A (2014) Therapeutic spectrum of nondigestible oligosaccharides: overview of current state and prospect. J Food Sci 79:R1491–R1498. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12536

Krumbeck JA, Maldonado-Gomez MX, Ramer-Tait AE, Hutkins RW (2016) Prebiotics and synbiotics. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 32:110–119. https://doi.org/10.1097/mog.0000000000000249

Kumar V, Satyanarayana T (2011) Applicability of thermos-alkali-stable and cellulose free xylanase from a novel thermos-halo-alkaliphilic Bacillus haloduransin producing xyloligosaccharides. Biotechnol Lett 33:2279–2285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-011-0698-1

Kumar V, Satyanarayana T (2015) Generation of xylooligosaccharides from microwave irradiated agroresidues using recombinant thermos-alkali-stable endoxylanase of the olyextremophilic bacterium Bacillus halodurans expressed in Pichia pastoris. Bioresour Technol 179:382–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.049

Lam KL, Cheung PCK (2013) Non-digestible long chain beta-glucans as novel prebiotics. Bioact Carbohydr Dietary Fibre 2:45–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2013.09.001

Lamsal BP (2012) Production, health aspects and potential food uses of dairy prebiotic galactooligosaccharides. J Sci Food Agric 92:2020–2028. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5712

Liao H, Li S, Zheng H, Wei Z, Liu D, Raza W, Shen Q, Xu Y (2014) A new acidophilic thermostable endo-1,4-β-mannanase from Penicillium oxalicum GZ-2: cloning expression in Pichia pastoris. BMC Biotechnol 14:90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-014-0090-z

Liu HX, Gong JS, Li H, Lu ZM, Li H, Qian JY, Xu ZH, Shi JS (2015) Biochemical characterization and cloning of an endo-1,4-β-mannanase from Bacillus subtilis YH12 with unusually broad substrate profile. Process Biochem 50:712–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2015.02.011

Ma R, Bai YG, Huang HQ, Luo HY, Chen SF, Fan YL, Cai L, Yao B (2017) Utility of thermostable xylanases of Mycothermus thermophilus in generating prebiotic xylooligosaccharides. J Agric Food Chem 65:1139–1145. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05183

Maiorano AE, Piccoli RM, da Silva ES, Rodrigues MFD (2008) Microbial production of fructosyltransferases for synthesis of pre-biotics. Biotechol Lett 30:1867–1877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-008-9793-3

Mäkeläinen H, Forssten S, Saarinen M, Stowell J, Rautonen N, Ouwehand AC (2010) Xylo-oligosaccharides enhance the growth of bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium lactis in a simulated colon model. Benefic Microbes 1:81–91. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2009.0025

Markosyan AA, Abelyan LA, Adamyan MO, Ekazhev ZD, Akopyan ZI, Abelyan VA (2007) Production of fructooligosaccharide syrup from sucrose in combination with palatinose and trehalose. Appl Biochem Micro+ 43:383–389. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0003683807040047

Mikkelson A, Maaheimo H, Hakala TK (2013) Hydrolysis of kinjac glucomannan by Trichoderma reesei mannanase and endoglucanases Cel7B and Cel5A for the production of glucomannooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 372:60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2013.02.012

Milessi TSS, Kopp W, Rojas MJ, Manrich A, Baptista-Neto A, Tardioli PW, Giordano RC, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Guisan JM (2016) Immobilization and stabilization of an endoxylanase from Bacillus subtilis (XynA) for xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production. Catal Today 259:130–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.05.032

Moniz P, Pereira H, Duarte LC, Carvalheiro F (2014) Hydrothermal production and gel filtration purification of xylo-oligosaccharides from rice straw. Ind Crop Prod 62:460–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.09.020

Moreira LRS, Filho EXF (2008) An overview of manna structure and mannan-degrading enzyme systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 79:165–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-008-1423-4

Moreno FJ, Corzo N, Montilla A, Villamiel M, Olano A (2017) Current state and latest advances in the concept, production and functionality of prebiotic oligosaccharides. Curr Opin Food Sci 13:50–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2017.02.009

Muñiz-Marquez DB, Contreras JC, Rodríguez R, Mussatto SI, Teixeira JA, Aguilar CN (2016a) Enhancement of fructosyltransferase and fructooligosaccharides production by A. oryzae DIA-MF in solid-state fermentation using aguamiel as culture medium. Bioresour Technol 213:276–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.022

Muñiz-Marquez DB, Contreras JC, Rodríguez R, Mussatto SI, Teixeira JA, Aguilar CN (2016b) Biotechnological production of oligosaccharides: advances and challenges. In: Ravishankar RV (ed) Advances in food biotechnology, 1st edn. Wiley, New York, pp 381–390

Mussato SI, Mancilha IM (2007) Non-digestible oligosaccharides: a review. Carbohydr Polym 68:587–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.12.011

Mussato SI, Aguilar CN, Rodrigues LR, Teixeira JA (2009) Fructooligosaccharides and beta-fructofuranosidase production by Aspergillus japonicus immobilized on lignocellulosic materials. J Mol Catal B-Enzym 59:76–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.01.005

Nascimento AKC, Nobre C, Cavalcanti MTH, Teixeira JA, Porto ALF (2016) Screening of fungi from the genus Penicillium for production of β-fructofuranosidase and enzymatic synthesis of fructooligosaccharides. J Mol Catal B-Enzym 134:70–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.09.005

Neri-Numa IA, Paulino BN, Pessoa MG, Abrahão MRE, Bution ML, Molina G, Pastore GM (2016) Industrial additives obtained through microbial biotechnology: biosurfactants and prebiotic carbohydrates. In: Gupta VK, Sharma GD, Tuohy MG, Gaur R (eds) The handbook of microbial bioresources. CABI, Oxfordshire, pp 528–548. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645216.0528

Nieto-Dominguez M, Eugenio LI, York-Durán MJ, Rodríguez-Colinas B, Plou FJ, Chenoll E, Pardo E, Codoñer F, Martínez MJ (2017) Prebiotic effect of xylooligosaccharides produced from birchwood xylan by a novel fungal G11 xylanase. Food Chem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.149

Ning YW, Wang JP, Chen J, Yang N, Jin ZY, Xu XM (2010) Production of neo-fructooligosaccharides using free-whole-cell biotransformation by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. Bioresour Technol 101:7472–7478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.026

Ning YW, Li Q, Chen F, Yang N, Jin ZY, Xu XM (2012) Low-cost production of 6G-fructofuranosidase with high value-added astaxanthin by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. Bioresour Technol 104:660–667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.098

Nobre C, Castro CC, Hantson AL, Teixeira JA, De Weireld G, Rodrigues LR (2016) Strategies for the production of high-content fructo-oligosaccharides through the removal of small saccharides by co-culture or successive fermentation with yeast. Carbohyd Polym 136:274–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.088

Otieno DO, Ahring BK (2012) The potential for oligosaccharide production from the hemicellulose fraction of biomass through pretreatment processes: xylooligosaccharides (XOS), arabinooligosaccharides (AOS), and mannooligosaccharides (MOS). Carbohydr Res 360:84–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2012.07.017

Ozturk B, Cekmecelioglu D, Ogel ZB (2010) Optimal conditions for enhanced β-mannanase production by recombinant Aspergillus sojae. J Mol Catal B Enzym 64:135–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.02.009

Padilha B, Frau F, Ruiz-Matute AI, Montilla A, Belloch C, Manzanares P, Corzo N (2015) Production of lactulose oligosaccharides by isomerisation of transgalactosylated cheese whey permeate obtained by β-galactosidases from dairy Kluyveromyces. J Dairy Res 82:356–364. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029915000217

Panesar PS, Kennedy JF, Gandhi DN, Bunko K (2007) Bioutilisation of whey for lactic acid production. Food Chem 105:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.035

Patel S, Goyal A (2012) The current trends and future perspectives of prebiotics research: a review. 3. Biotech 2:115–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-012-0044-x

Peng F, Ren JL, Xu F, Bian J, Peng P, Sun RC (2009) Comparative study of hemicelluloses obtained by graded ethanol precipitation from sugarcane bagasse. J Agric Food Chem 47:32–39. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900986b

Petrova VY, Kujumdzieva AV (2010) Thermotolerant yeast strains producers of galacto-oligosaccharides. Biotechnol Biotec Eq 24:1612–1619. https://doi.org/10.2478/V10133-010-0014-6

Qiang X, YongLie C, QianBing W (2009) Health benefit application of functional oligosaccharides. Carbohy Polym 77:435–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.03.016

Rajagopalan G, Shanmugavelu K, Yang KL (2017) Production of prebiotic-xylooligosaccharides from alkali pretreated mahogany and mango wood sawdust by using purified xylanase of Clostridium strain BOH3. Carbohyd Polym 167:158–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbopol.2017.03.021

Ravn JL, Thogersen JC, Eklof J, Petterson D, Ducatelle R, van Immerseel F, Pedersen NR (2017) GH11 xylanase increases prebiotic oligosaccharides from wheat bran favouring butyrate-producing bacteria in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Tech 226:113–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.02.011

Reddy SS, Krishnan C (2016) Production of high-pure xylooligosaccharides from sugarcane bagasse using crude β-xylosidase-free xylanase of Bacillus subtilis KCX006 and their bifidogenic function. LWT - Food Sci Technol 65:237–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.08.013

Research and Markets (2017) Global prebiotic ingredients market analysis & trends—industry forecast to 2025. Research and Markets. http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/bcrhhf/global_prebiotic. Accessed 07 Apr 2017

Ritsema T, Smeekens S (2003) Fructans: beneficial for plants and humans. Curr Opin Plant Biol 6:223–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00034-7

Rodriguez-Colinas B, Fernandez-Arrojo L, Santos-Moriano P, Ballesteros AO, Plou FJ (2016) Continuous packed bed reactor with immobilized β-galactosidase for production of galactooligosaccharides (GOS). Catalogue 6:1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6120189

Romão BB, Batista FRX, Ferreira JS, Costa HCB, Resende MM, Cardoso VL (2014) Biohydrogen production through dark fermentation by a microbial consortium using whey permeate as substrate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172:3670–3685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-0778-5

Rozen R, Steinberg D, Bachrach G (2004) Streptococcus mutans fructosyltransferase interactions with glucans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 232:39–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(04)00065-5

Rungrassamee W, Kingcha Y, Srimarut Y, Maibunkaew S, Karoonuthaisiri N, Visessanguan W (2014) Mannooligosaccharides from copra meal improves survival of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after exposure to Vibrio harveyi. Aquaculture 434:403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.08.032

Ruzene DS, Silva PD, Vicente AA, Gonçalves AR, Teixeira JA (2008) An alternative application to the Portuguese agro industrial residue: wheat straw. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 147:85–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-526-2_43

Samanta AK, Jayapal N, Jayaram C, Roy S, Kolte AP, Senani S, Sridhar M (2015) Xylooligosaccharides as prebiotics from agricultural by-products: production and applications. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre 5:62–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.12.003

Sánchez O, Guio F, Garcia D, Silua E, Caiced L (2008) Fructooligosaccharides production by Aspergillus sp. N74 in a mechanically agitated airlift reactor. Food Bioprod Process 86:109–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2008.02.003

Sangeeta PT, Ramesh MN, Prapulla SG (2004) Production of fructo-oligosaccharides by fructosyl transferase from Aspergillus oryzae CFR 202 and Aureobasidium pullulans CFR 77. Process Biochem 39:753–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(03)00186-9

Sangeeta PT, Ramesh MN, Prapulla SG (2005) Recent trends in the microbial production, analysis and application of fructooligosaccharides. Trends Food Sci Tech 16:442–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2005.05.003

Santos AMP, Maugeri F (2007) Synthesis of fructooligosaccharides from sucrose using inulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus. Food Technol. Biotech 45:181–186

Satar R, Ismail SA, Rehan M, Ansari SA (2016) Elucidating the binding efficacy of β-galactosidase on graphene by docking approach and its potential application in galacto-oligosaccharide production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 39:807–814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-016-1560-6

Sheu DC, Lio PJ, Chen ST, Lin CT, Duan KJ (2001) Production of fructooligosaccharides in high yield using a mixed enzyme system of β-fructofuranosidase and glucose oxidase. Biotechnol Lett 23:1499–1503. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011689531625

Singh RD, Banerjee J, Arora A (2015) Prebiotic potential of oligosaccharides: a focus on xylan derived oligosaccharides. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietay Fibre 5:19–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.11.003

Slavin J (2013) Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients 5:1417–1435. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5041417

Smithers GW (2015) Whey-ing up the options—yesterday, today and tomorrow. Int Dairy J 48:2–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.01.011

Srivastava PK, Kapoor M (2017) Productin, properties, and applications of endo-β-mannanases. Biotechnol Adv 35:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.11.001

Srivastava A, Mishra S, Chand S (2015) Transgalactosylation of lactose for synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides using Kluyveromyces marxianus NCIM 3551. New Biotechnol 32:412–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2015.04.004

Srivastava PK, Rao ARA, Kapoor M (2016) Metal-dependent thermal stability of recombinant endo-mannanase (ManB-1601) belonging to family GH 26 from Bacillus sp. CFR1601. Enzym Microb Technol 84:41–49

Straathof AJJ, Kieboom APG, Vanbekkum H (1986) Invertase-catalyzed fructosyl transfer in concentrated-solutions of sucrose. Carbohydr Res 146:154–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(86)85033-9

Sun MZ, Zheng HC, Meng LC, Sun JS, Song H, Bao YJ, Pei HS, Yan Z, Zhang XQ, Zhang JS, Liu YH, FP L (2015) Direct cloning, expression of a thermostable xylanase gene from the metagenomic DNA of cow dung compost and enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides from corncob. Biotechnol Lett 37:1877–1886. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-015-1857-6

Sun H, You S, Wang M, Qi W, Su R, He Z (2016) Recyclable strategy for the production of high-purity galactooligosaccharides by Kluyveromyces lactis. J Agr Food Chem 64:5679–5685. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01531

Swennen K, Courtin CM, Delcour JA (2006) Non-digestible oligosaccharides with prebiotic properties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 46:459–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408390500215746

Talens-Perales D, Polaina J, Marín-Navarro J (2016) Enzyme engineering for oligosaccharide biosynthesis. In: Shukla P (ed) Frontier discoveries and innovations in interdisiplinary microbiology. Springer, New York, pp 9–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2610-9_2

Topping DL, Clifton PM (2001) Short chain fatty acids and human colonic functions: roles of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides. Physiol Rev 81:1031–1064

Torrecillas S, Makol A, Betancor MB, Montero D, Caballero MJ, Sweetman J, Izquierdo M (2013) Enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier health status on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed mannan oligosaccharides. Fish Shellfish Immunol 34:1485–1495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2013.03.351

Torrecillas S, Montero D, Izquierdo M (2014) Improved health and growth of fish fed mannan oligosaccharides: potential mode of action. Fish Shellfish Immunol 36:525–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2013.12.029

Torrecillas S, Montero D, Caballero MJ, Robaina L, Zamorano MJ, Sweetman J, Izquierdo M (2015) Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Fish Shellfish Immunol 42:508–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2014.11.033

Torres DPM, Gonçalves MPF, Teixeira JA, Rodrigues LR (2010) Galacto-oligosaccharides: production, properties, applications, and significance as prebiotics. Compr Rev Food Sci F 9:438–454. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00119.x

Van Der Meulen R, Makras L, Verbrugghe K, Adriany T, De Vuyst L (2006) In vitro kinetic analysis of oligofructose consumption by Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium spp. indicates different degradation mechanisms. Appl Environ Microb 72:1006–1012. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.2.1006-1012.2006

Van Zyl WH, Rose SH, Trollope K, Görgens JF (2010) Fungal β-mannanases: mannan hydrolysis, heterologous production and biotechnological applications. Process Biochem 45:1203–1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2010.05.011

Vasquez MJ, Alonso JL, Dominguez H, Parajo JC (2000) Xylo-oligosaccharides: manufacture and applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 11:387–393

Vega-Paulino RJ, Zúniga-Hansen ME (2012) Potential application of commercial enzyme preparations for industrial production of short-chain fructooligosaccharides. J Mol Catal B-Enzym 76:44–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.12.007

Vera C, Córdova A, Aburto C, Guerrero C, Suárez S, Illanes A (2016) Synthesis and purification of galacto-oligosaccharides: state of the art. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 32:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2159-4

Villamiel M, Montilla A, Olano A, Corzo N (2014) Production and bioactivity of oligosaccharides derived from lactose. In: Moreno J, Sanz ML (eds) Food oligosaccharides: production, analysis and bioactivity, 1st edn. Wiley-Blackwell, New York, pp 137–167

Wang J, Sun B, Cao Y, Tian Y, Wang C (2009) Enzymatic preparation of wheat bran xylooligosaccharides and their stability during pasteurization and autoclave sterilization at low pH. Carbohyd Polym 77:816–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.03.005

Wang Y, Shi P, Luo H, Bai Y, Huang H, Yang P, Xiong H, Yao B (2012) Cloning, over-expression and characterization of an alkali-tolerant endo-β-1,4-mannanase from Penicillium freii F63. J Biosci Bioeng 113:710–714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.02.005

Wilson B, Whelan K (2017) Prebiotic inulin-type fructans and galacto-oligosaccharides: definition, specificity, function, and application in gastrointestinal disorders. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 32:64–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13700

Xie YJ, Zhou HX, Liu CX, Zhang J, Li N, Zhao ZL, Sun GY, Zhong YH (2017) A molasses habitat-derived fungus Aspergillus tubingensis XG21 with high beta-fructofuranosidase activity and its potential use for fructooligosaccharides production. AMB Expr 7:128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-017-0428-8

Xu X, Liu M, Huo W, Dai X (2016) Obtaining a mutant of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens xylanase A with improved catalytic activity by directed evolution. Enzym Microb Technol 86:59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.02.001

Xue JL, Zhao S, Liang RM, Yin X, Jiang SX, LH S, Yang Q, Duan CJ, Liu JL, Feng JX (2016) A biotechnological process efficiently co-produces two high value-added products, glucose and xylooligosaccharides, from sugarcane bagasse. Bioresour Technol 204:130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.082

Yadav JSS, Yana S, Pilli S, Kumar L, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY (2015) Cheese whey: a potential resource to transform into bioprotein, functional/nutritional proteins and bioactive peptides. Biotechnol Adv 33:756–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.07.002

Yamabhai M, Sak-Ubol S, Srila W, Haltrich D (2016) Mannan biotechnology: from biofuels to health. Crit Rev Biotechnol 36:32–42. https://doi.org/10.3109/07388551.2014.923372

Yan Q, Hao S, Jiang Z, Zhai Q, Chen W (2009) Properties of a xylanase from Streptomyces matensis being suitable for xylooligosaccharides production. J Mol Catal B Enzym 58:72–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.11.010

Yang H, Shi P, Lu H, Wang H, Luo H, Huang H, Yang P, Yao B (2015) A thermophilic β-mannanase from Neosartorya fischeri P1 with broad pH stability and significant hydrolysis ability of various mannan polymers. Food Chem 173:283–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.022

Yin H, Bultema JB, Dijkhuizen L, Leeuwen SS (2017) Reaction kinetics and galactooligosaccharide product profiles of the β-galactosidases from Bacillus circulans, Kluyveromyces lactis and Aspergillus oryzae. Food Chem 225:230–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.030

Yoshikawa J, Amachi S, Shinoyama H, Fujii T (2008) Production of fructooligosaccharides by crude enzyme preparations of b-fructofuranosidase from Aureobasidium pullulans. Biotechnol Lett 30:535–539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-007-9568-2

Yoshino K, Higashi N, Koga K (2006) Inhibitory effects of acidic xylooligosaccharide on stress-induced gastric inflammation in mice. J Food Hyg Soc Japan 47:284–287. https://doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.47.284

Yuan TQ, Xu F, He J, Sun RC (2010) Structural and physiochemical characterization of hemicellulose from ultrasound assisted extraction of partially delignified fast growing poplar wood through organic solvents and alkaline solutions. Biotechnol Adv 28:583–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.05.016

Yun JW (1996) Fructooligosaccharides-occurence, preparation, and application. Enzyme Microb Tech 19:107–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(95)00188-3

Zang H, Xie S, Wu H, Wang W, Shao X, Wu L, Rajer FU, Gao X (2015) A novel thermostable GH5_7 β-mannanase from Bacillus pumilus GBSW19 and its application in manno-oligosaccharides (MOS) production. Enzym Microb Technol 78:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.06.007

Zhang H, Sang Q (2015) Production and extraction optimization of xylanase and β-mannanase by Penicillium chryogenum QML-2 and primary application in saccharification of corn cob. Biochem Eng J 97:101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2015.02.014

Zhang J, Liu C, Xie Y, Li N, Ning Z, Du N, Huang X, Zhong Y (2017) Enhancing fructooligosaccharides production by genetic improvement of the industrial fungus Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611. J Biotechnol 249:25–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.03.021

Zhao H, Hua X, Yang R, Zhao L, Zhao W, Zhang Z (2012) Diafiltration process on xylooligosaccharides syrup using nanofiltration and its modeling. Int J Food Sci Technol 47:32–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02803.x

Zheng J, Zhao W, Gui N, Lin F, Tian J, Wu L, Zhou H (2012) Development of an intrustrial medium and a novel fed-batch strategy for high expression of recombinant β-mananase by Pichia pastoris. Bioresour Technol 118:257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.065