Washington: President Barack Obama’s fiscal 2016 budget will seek new taxes on trillions of dollars in profits accumulated overseas by US companies, and a new approach to taxing foreign profits in the future, but Republicans were sceptical of the plan.

Reviving a long-running debate about corporate tax avoidance, Obama will target a loophole that lets companies pay no tax on earnings held abroad, the White House said. But his proposal was certain to encounter stiff resistance from Republicans.

In his budget plan, Obama will call for a one-time, 14 per cent tax on an estimated $2.1 trillion (Dh7.7 trillion) in profits piled up abroad over the years by multinationals such as General Electric, Microsoft, Pfizer Inc. sand Apple Inc. He will also seek to impose a 19 per cent tax on US companies’ future foreign earnings, the White House said.

At present, those earnings are supposed to be taxed at a 35 per cent rate, but many companies avoid that through the loophole that defers taxation on active income that is not brought into the US, or repatriated.

The $238 billion raised from the one-time tax would fund repairs and improvements to roads, bridges, transit systems and freight networks that would replenish the Highway Trust Fund as part of a $478 billion package, the White House said.

The annual budget proposal is as much a political document as a fiscal road map, requiring approval from Congress. Given Washington’s current political division, much of what will be laid out is unlikely to become law.

Obama’s budget will set a spending target of $4 trillion for fiscal year 2016, including a $474 billion deficit, which would represent a manageable 2.5 per cent of gross domestic product, The New York Times reported. The budget also includes $105 million for “trade adjustment assistance” to help workers who have been affected by free trade pacts, it said.

Obama’s latest tax proposals are part of a broad tax reform package that he says is meant to help middle-income Americans.

On proposed tax increases for the wealthy and large companies that are part of that package, Paul Ryan, the top Republican tax writer in the House of Representatives, said on NBC’s ‘Meet the Press’: “What I think the president is trying to do here is to, again, exploit envy economics.”

Republicans, who took control of the Senate and boosted their House majority after November’s congressional elections, have said tax reform is one area where they hope to find compromises with Democrats and the White House, although Obama’s proposals have so far received a lukewarm reception.

On the foreign profits proposal specifically, Ryan aide Brendan Buck said in an emailed reply to questions that tax reform should be about simplifying the code and lowering rates. “If that’s the approach the administration is willing to take, there may be room to find common ground,” he said.

“There won’t be, however, if the president instead tries to sock American businesses with big tax hikes just to increase spending and add even more complexity to the code.”

Tax reform has eluded Washington for decades. There has been renewed talk about it this year, but consensus is still far from evident. Obama has already offered to cut the corporate income tax, but he wants to offset the revenue losses that would result by closing loopholes. Republican proposals have varied, while generally seeking deeper cuts in the rate and fewer loophole closings.

The White House said that under the new approach to foreign earnings companies would have to pay a 19 per cent tax on all foreign earnings as they earn them, while continuing to get tax credits for foreign taxes paid. After this payment, foreign earnings could be reinvested in the US without added tax.

The president’s proposal also includes cracking down on corporations that shift profits to tax havens to avoid paying their fair share or undertake “inversion” deals in which they reincorporate abroad to avoid paying US taxes.

The one-time tax “would mean that companies have to pay US tax right now on the $2 trillion they already have overseas, rather than being able to delay paying any US tax indefinitely,” a White House official said.

“Unlike a voluntary repatriation holiday, which the president opposes and which would lose revenue, the president’s proposed transition tax is a one-time, mandatory tax on previously untaxed foreign earnings, regardless of whether the earnings are repatriated.”

Corporations have been pushing for years for a tax holiday that would let them repatriate such earnings at a discounted tax rate. This was tried in 2004 under former Republican President George W. Bush.

Framed as an economic stimulus, the Bush measure did result in a substantial portion of deferred profits being repatriated, but studies showed it did little for the economy.