The National Settlement Depository (NSD), Russia’s central securities depository, has developed and successfully tested an e-proxy voting system running on a distributed ledger built with the NXT distributed cryptographic platform. The project’s open-source code is available on GitHub.

The NSD, a member of the Moscow Exchange, is a Russian nonbanking credit organization, Russia’s central depository and a professional securities market player. The organization provides depository, banking settlement and relevant services to market players.

“Over the past ten years, the global financial infrastructure has faced the challenges that make us review the approaches to reliability, security and performance of information systems,” said Eddie Astanin, chairman of the executive board at NSD. “It is obvious for us that ignoring the rapid development of fintech and upgrading the outdated platforms could hinder the stable development of the Russian financial system. Fortunately, Russian specialists are among the most experienced in the global fintech industry, and we have proven this fact by implementing a fully functional prototype of e-proxy voting system based on blockchain. After testing blockchain for bondholder meetings, we can extend the use of this technology to other business areas of NSD.”

E-proxy voting is an innovative technology for corporate actions processing that provides for electronic interaction between securities holders and issuers for the purpose of exchanging information and documents. E-proxy technology was introduced at NSD in August 2014. In April 2015, NSD upgraded the technology, bringing it in line with global ISO standards. In April 2016, a blockchain-based prototype of e-proxy voting was successfully tested for bondholder meetings.

“After our work group analyzed the use of blockchain in several areas of NSD activities, we opted for the automation of the voting process at the annual securities holders meetings,” said Sergey Putyatinskiy, IT Director at NSD. “Over the period of four months, we managed to develop a working prototype of the blockchain-based e-proxy voting system that has no analogs in the world. During the testing process, we reached a submission speed of 80 voting instructions per second. We are currently aiming to increase the system’s capacity and to enable the support of new voting types. Our next step would be to subject our new prototype to legal and cryptographic expert evaluation, which will give us a more definite idea whether the prototype is suited for real voting.”

The NSD has developed the e-voting system in partnership with DSX Technologies, a distributed ledger technology company based in the U.K., operating a technology stack that enables clients to prototype, test and implement complex and scalable blockchain solutions securely and in the minimum timeframe. The company, which has developed and operates an FCA-regulated environment to trade and manage digital currencies, sees big opportunities in building customized distributed ledger solutions that establish trust, accountability and transparency while streamlining business processes.

Bitcoin Magazine reached out to Alex Yakovlev, head of decentralized solutions at NSD, and Mike Rymanov, founder and CEO of DSX Technologies, to find out more about their innovative e-voting system.

“The short-term goal is to execute a pilot voting,” said Yakovlev. “That will require us to perform security assessment and do integration with existing systems. As a result of this exercise we will understand the potential of blockchain adoption by market participants and measure their trust in case of using our solution. Use of the blockchain technology in the e-proxy voting changes the business process of the voting itself. And now a group of experts including NSDs and external experts are analyzing current legislation, [to determine] exactly what changes should be done to create a legal basis for the new solution. Although the final decision is up to the regulator.”

Yakovlev added that the NSD received several expressions of interest to test the e-voting system from the central securities depositories of other Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries, as well as from some major banks. “It is an open-sourced solution and we’re open for discussions about making cooperative projects based on our results,” said Yakovlev.

Rymanov explained the operations of the e-proxy voting system with the diagram below, where:

Bondholder passes a vote to a nominal bondholder (NB)

Nominal bondholder submits a vote to the blockchain

Counting commission counts the votes and submits the results to the blockchain

Bondholder can verify whether the votes have been counted correctly.

Russia National Settlement Depository

Rymanov is persuaded that e-proxy voting could find applications in wider contexts, potentially including political elections.

“The technology we have developed can potentially be used for general elections, providing transparency and enabling significant savings,” he said. “However, the question that remains to be answered is how to negate the risk of votes being sold.”

Rymanov explained that the NSD’s e-proxy voting proof-of-concept (PoC) project specifications required setting up a private permissioned blockchain where every node participating in the network is known, and included a number of specific challenges related to processing capacity and permission-based access to the data. According to Rymanov, other blockchain technologies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum couldn’t meet the project’s requirements with an out-of-the-box solution, which motivated the choice of the NXT platform.

“Using the proof-of-work (PoW) Bitcoin blockchain would have potentially created a situation where a particular node with a superior computing power could gain an unfair advantage over its peers, thus jeopardizing the security of the network and, if being a malicious actor, could rig the results of the vote,” said Rymanov. “Furthermore, we see PoW systems as an unnecessary drain on resources in private permissioned blockchains.”

“With regards to Ethereum, our team has been in touch with the Ethereum core developers and has been informed that the current limit on processing is around 60 transactions per second,” added Rymanov. “However, even though Ethereum offered a huge improvement both in functionality and processing speed over Bitcoin blockchain, it did not match the NSD requirements.”

“After a careful consideration we have selected NXT,” Rymanov said. “The proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain has provided us with enough flexibility to architect a solution that is scalable, stable and with processing capabilities well in the range of NSD expectations. In the lab environment we have pushed DSX fork of NXT to process up to 800 transactions per second. With the custom developed e-proxy voting module running on top of the NXT fork we have stabilized the system at 80 votes per second, which is 160 transactions per second reaching a notable result in line with NSD expectations.”

Rymanov explained that DSX Technologies won the NSD contract in February.

“At that time blockchains such as Hyperledger or Chain had not been released yet, and because of the tight deadlines our team had to make a decision on the technology we could use that was well relatively developed and could accommodate complex business and technical requirements as well as be scalable and open source,” he said. However, Rymanov explained, “the e-proxy voting technology we have developed is blockchain agnostic and can be easily adapted to other distributed ledger technologies that satisfy both security and processing standards.”