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Australia’s wildfire crisis intensified on Tuesday as coastal towns across the southeast caught ablaze, forcing thousands of stranded tourists and locals to seek refuge on beaches.

Thick black smoke billowing from infernos in Victoria and New South Wales states turned the morning sky pitch black or choked the coastline in a haunting red haze. Two people were killed as a fire ripped through the small community of Cobargo, taking the death toll since the devastating fire season began several weeks ago to 12. Five others are missing.

There’s no end in sight to the emergency as strong winds fan flames, wreaking havoc in popular tourist spots such as Batemans Bay during the peak summer holiday season.

“It’s been a truly awful day,” New South Wales Rural Fire Service Commissioner Shane Fitzsimmons told reporters, adding that the fire season was the worst in the state’s history. “We’ve got literally hundreds, thousands of people up and down the coast, taking refuge on the beaches, in clubhouses, surf clubs.”

A New South Wales Rural Fire Service vehicle moves along the closed Princes Highway in Batemans Bay. Photographer: Mark Graham/Bloomberg

The crisis gripping the world’s driest inhabited continent has impacted all six states amid a prolonged drought. Almost 4 million hectares of forest and bushland have been destroyed in New South Wales alone. Fires are so intense they are generating their own weather systems, with dry thunderstorms sparking new blazes. A firefighter was killed on Monday when what authorities described as a “fire tornado” flipped the 10-ton truck he was in.

The emergency has placed scrutiny on Australia’s capacity to combat blazes that have spread over massive areas, pushing fire services largely manned by volunteers to their limits. It’s also put international focus on the conservative government’s climate change policies, with environmentalists saying Prime Minister Scott Morrison’s support of the nation’s massive coal-export industry has worsened conditions.

East Gippsland Fires

Energy Minister Angus Taylor defended the government’s record of tackling climate change in an op-ed published in The Australian on Tuesday, saying emissions had fallen in the past year and Australia was meeting its carbon-reduction targets.

“Shrill cries that we should be ‘ashamed to be Australian’ do not ring true with the quiet Australians,” Taylor said. “That won’t stop some commentators telling us that we should feel guilty about our performance on emissions reduction. They are wrong.”

While fires have been burning for weeks, conditions worsened at the weekend as a heatwave pushed temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius in the southeast. Authorities on Sunday urged some 30,000 holiday-makers in Victoria’s East Gippsland region to evacuate. Thousands did, but those who remained found themselves trapped as the blazes intermittently shut the main highway.

Australia’s government will deploy helicopters, aircraft and navy ships to assist efforts in the East Gippsland region, Linda Reynolds, the nation’s defense minister, tweeted Tuesday.

About 4,000 people were forced to gather on the foreshore or take to boats in the town of Mallacoota overnight and through much of the day as an out-of-control inferno bore down on the remote community.

"A mother took this photo. Her two primary school aged sons are in the boat with her.

They're out on the #Mallacoota lake trying to stay safe from fire, it doesn't look like it - but it's daytime." ~ABC Gippsland.#bushfirecrisis #vicfires #NSWfires #Bushfires #bushfiresVIC pic.twitter.com/CqA1FgMM02 — Fiona Bateman (@feebateman) December 31, 2019

Country Fire Authority chief officer Steve Warrington said a cheer went up from the jetty where many were sheltering as authorities battling spotfires in the town announced the wind had changed and the main threat had passed.

Across the state border in New South Wales, buildings in Batemans Bay caught fire as thousands sheltered on the beach and ash rained down on the picturesque beachside town of Merimbula.

Members of the NSW Rural Fire Service stand in front of a building destroyed by fire in Batemans Bay. Photographer: Mark Graham/Bloomberg

“It’s going to be an a very long, difficult and dangerous night still ahead,’ Fitzsimmons said. “It’s going to be another difficult day again tomorrow.”

Batemans Bay CBD has lost power and is pitch black at 12.20pm. pic.twitter.com/cPry7nsBHL — Andrea Cantle (@AndreaCantle) December 31, 2019

While cities such as Canberra and Parramatta canceled fireworks celebrations to bring in the new year, Sydney’s harborside festivities that draw in tens of thousands of tourists will go ahead.

The city council rejected a petition calling for the display to be scrapped and the money to be donated to bushfire and drought relief projects, saying the event is watched by millions of people worldwide and generates A$130 million ($91 million) for the local economy.

People gather a park in Sydney ahead of New Year’s Eve celebrations on Dec. 31. Photographer: James D. Morgan/Getty Images

As thousands of people gathered along the foreshore of Sydney harbor to get a prime viewing spot of the midnight fireworks, smoke drifting in from bushfires caused a polluting haze.

Protesters who claim the Morrison government’s pro-coal mining policies are exacerbating the crisis aren’t about to give the prime minister a rest on New Year’s Eve and are planning to block roads around his official Sydney residence.