LONDON — Only one-third of the BBC’s top-paid stars are women, and only a tiny number are black, Asian or members of another minority group, according to pay data that the publicly funded broadcaster published for the first time on Wednesday.

Like the National Health Service, the BBC is seen in Britain as a central institution of public life, but it is competing in a rapidly changing environment and faces growing demands for transparency and accountability.

The broadcaster is largely financed through an annual license fee of 147 pounds, or about $191, paid by nearly every British household, but it also receives commercial and other income, most of it generated from abroad.

Since 2009 the BBC had released the salaries of senior managers making at least £150,000, but last year the Conservative government demanded, as part of the renewal of the broadcaster’s governing charter, that the BBC also disclose the pay above that level from license fee revenue to its on-air stars. (The prime minister, Theresa May, is paid just over £150,000 a year.)