“I think it is certainly difficult for policy makers and other authorities here to simply sit back and be subject to these sorts of allegations and say nothing,” he said. “I do think we’ll see some more escalation, and hopefully, it will not be permanent. Hopefully, it will not last too long. Right now it’s hard to imagine it all clearing away.”

Just before the indictments were announced, China said it was banning Microsoft’s Windows 8 operating system on government computers. The state media said the move was prompted by security concerns after the retirement of the 12-year-old Windows XP system in April.

On Tuesday, Bloomberg News reported that Chinese government agencies were examining whether the use of IBM servers by the country’s banks posed a risk to financial security, citing unidentified sources.

IBM responded with a statement, saying: “IBM is not aware of any Chinese government policy recommending against the use of IBM servers within the country’s banking industry. In fact, news reports now state that China’s National Development and Reform Commission has not heard of any alleged directive to that effect. IBM is a trusted partner in China and has been for more than 30 years.”

About 15 percent of Cisco’s revenue of $34.8 billion for the nine-month period ended in April came from Asia, including China, the company said this month. In that time, overall sales in Asia dropped 9 percent, and sales in China dropped 7 percent. The company noted that it was experiencing pressure from “price-focused competitors from Asia, especially from China” — most likely a reference to Huawei and ZTE, the leading Chinese telecommunications equipment makers.

United States officials have warned that Huawei posed a threat to national security and sought to restrict its ability to develop networks in the United States and for American allies. In 2012 a congressional panel cited documents from former Huawei employees that said the company had provided services to China’s military.

Legislation signed by President Obama last year prevents the federal government from purchasing equipment made by Huawei or other Chinese telecommunications equipment makers without a security review. Huawei has denied that it has close ties to China’s military or that its products present security vulnerabilities.

The Chinese state media have voiced concerns about Cisco’s role in the nation’s digital infrastructure before. Last year, the state-run China Daily newspaper cited an unidentified analyst who said, “There is a terrible security threat in China from U.S.-based technology companies including Cisco, Apple and Microsoft.”