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Claim 1: Children in detention

The claim

The verdict

The numbers

What the experts say

Sources

Claim 2: Refugees brought in by plane

The claim

The verdict

Assessing the claim

Offshore refugees

The 1980-81 intake

The 2015-16 intake

Sources

Claim 3: Drownings at sea

The claim

The verdict

Operation Sovereign Borders

Is Operation Sovereign Borders responsible?

Unreported deaths at sea

Sources

Minister for Immigration and Border Protection Peter Dutton said: "I've got every child out of detention."Mr Dutton's claim about getting every child out of detention is debatable.While the last of the children in mainland detention have been released on Mr Dutton's watch, 50 are still in facilities on Nauru and experts are divided on whether this constitutes detention.Mr Dutton announced in April that no children remained in detention.The latest detention statistics from the Immigration Department noted that as of May 5, there were no children in detention.However, there were 317 children living in community detention and 50 children living on Nauru.Fact Check looked at the number of children in detention in an earlier fact check.The weight of expert opinion did not judge detention of children to include those living in a house in the community.However, on the question of whether children living on Nauru were in detention, experts were divided.They said that although the Nauru facility was "open" residents were severely restricted in their movements, and they were subject to visa controls that prevented them from leaving the island.Minister for Immigration and Border Protection Peter Dutton said: "I've brought record numbers of refugees in by plane."Mr Dutton's claim about bringing in record numbers of refugees by plane is far-fetched.In 1980-81, 22,470 refugee visas were granted to people outside Australia, the majority living in camps in South East Asia.Officials told a Senate committee in May that 13,750 visas would be granted under the Government's regular annual program in the year to June 2016.An extra 575 visas had been granted under a special Syrian intake as of early May, and a further 2,000 or potentially up to 3,500 were expected to be granted by the end of the financial year.Even on the most optimistic calculation, the total will fall well short of 1980-81.Fact Check interprets this statement to mean Mr Dutton is referring to refugees who have arrived by plane after being granted visas by the Government.Australia's refugee and humanitarian program has two components - onshore for those already in Australia, and offshore for those outside Australia.Fact Check considers Mr Dutton's claim to concern offshore refugees.A spokesman for Mr Dutton told Fact Check he was referring to the "regular, organised, authorised, annual intake" under the refugee and special humanitarian program and a special intake of 12,000 Syrian and Iraqi refugees.The usual humanitarian intake previously announced for this financial year is 13,750. The Government announced in September 2015 that Australia would resettle an additional 12,000 refugees who are fleeing the conflict in Syria and Iraq."Once the special 12,000 intake is added – that is a record intake for contemporary times," the spokesman said.Fact Check has previously looked at the historical record on refugee numbers in a fact check published in September 2015.It found that Foreign Minister Julie Bishop was correct to claim that the Government's announcement of 12,000 places for Syrian refugees in addition to the existing program would make this financial year's planned intake of 25,750 the biggest since World War II.According to a Parliamentary Library research paper, official refugee numbers were not kept before 1947 but it was possible that Australia admitted around 20,000 refugees between 1901 and 1947.The library used departmental data to calculate the number of refugees each financial year between 1948 and 2002.Data for 1947-48 to 1976-77 is for actual arrivals but data since 1977-78 is for the number of visas granted.The only years when more than 25,750 refugees came to Australia were 1948-49 (33,816), 1949-50 (89,199) and 1950-51 (36,912).A more recent Parliamentary Library research paper and online Immigration Department statistics show that those numbers have not been exceeded since 2002.But those post-war refugees travelled by ship to Australia - according to the department, the December 1956 arrival of a group of refugees following the Hungarian Revolution was one of the first times that aircraft were used to bring migrants from Europe. Fact Check has therefore not included those years in the analysis because Mr Dutton's claim relates to refugees who come to Australia by plane.For those who did come by plane, the highest year on record is 1980-81 when 22,470 offshore refugee visas were granted.This compares to around 11,000 offshore refugees settled in 2013-14 and 2014-15 , the other years the Coalition has been in government and well short of 1980-81.According to the Refugee Council of Australia, the majority of refugees in 1980-81 were Vietnamese coming from camps in Asia.The intake was a result of Australia's offer to increase resettlement of Indochinese refugees following a UN international conference in 1979, according to the Immigration Department.A historical review of Vietnamese migration by Nancy Viviani, "The long journey - Vietnamese migration and settlement in Australia", details immigration statistics on Indochinese refugees in the early 1980s.The majority were "boat people", so-called because they had left their country by boat, not because they had arrived in Australia by boat.The council says only a small proportion came directly to Australia by boat to seek asylum.In 1980-81, 75 people were granted an onshore refugee visa in addition to the 22,470 offshore refugee visas.The 56th unauthorised boat reached Australia in August that year, bringing the total number of boat people who had arrived since 1976 to 2,100, the last of the Indochinese boat people, until boats started arriving again in November 1989.A final boat arrived later than year but the passengers were deported when it was shown they were part of a people smuggling operation.Professor Viviani's historical review shows that 15,315 Indochinese refugees came to Australia in 1980, and 14,570 in 1981.In 1980, 12,588 were Vietnamese, all of whom arrived by air and in 1981, 12,275 were Vietnamese, all but 30 of whom came to Australia by plane.Refugees from other regions in 1980-81 included 4,600 from Eastern Europe, according to the Parliamentary Library.The previous fact check found Ms Bishop's claim was correct based on the assumption that all of the 12,000 refugees affected by the Syrian conflict would come to Australia in this financial year.At a Senate estimates hearing on May 5 , the deputy secretary of the Immigration Department, Peter Vardos, said that 12,520 Syrian refugees had been assessed and "met the basic threshold requirements for the grant of a visa".Of those, 4,687 had been granted visas, with 1,168 already settled in Australia.However, he said that 4,112 of those visas were allocated under the Government's regular annual program of 13,750 refugees for 2015-16.The other 575 were part of the special Syrian intake.He estimated that by May 13 a further 738 visas to Syrian refugees would be granted under the regular annual program, and for the remaining seven weeks of the financial year "a further 1,000 to 2,000 visas could be granted against the Syria initiative".Mr Vardos also said the current rate of granting visas was about 500 a week.The department did not respond to Fact Check's request for the most recent numbers of visas granted to Syrian refugees.Fact Check estimates that on the most generous calculation, an extra 3,500 visas could be granted by June 30, making a total of 4,075 for the financial year for the Syrian initiative.This would bring the offshore refugee total for 2015-16 to 17,825, still well short of the 1980-81 intake of 22,470.Minister for Immigration and Border Protection Peter Dutton said: "Nobody has drowned at sea under Operation Sovereign Borders."Mr Dutton's claim checks out.While many people have drowned at sea trying to reach Australia since Operation Borders started, this happened in Indonesian waters, beyond the remit of the operation.There are no other deaths at sea on the public record.Operation Sovereign Borders is the Government's border security operation, which started on September 18, 2013 , when the Coalition took office.One of its functions is to find and intercept asylum seeker boats approaching Australia.Andrew Bottrell, commander of Operation Sovereign Borders, told a Senate estimates hearing in February that 23 boats and more than 680 people had been returned to their country of departure, with no known deaths at sea while the operation had been in place.Fact Check has taken Mr Dutton's claim to mean that there have been no deaths under Operation Sovereign Borders for the whole time it has operated, not only since he became Immigration Minister in December 2014.Deaths at sea have been reported by the Immigration Department on two occasions since Operation Sovereign Borders started.The first occurred on September 27, 2013 , nine days after Operation Sovereign Borders started.Mark Binskin, acting commander of Operation Sovereign Borders, said that the Australian Federal Police received a call from a person in Melbourne to say that a boat that had departed Jakarta four days earlier was in trouble.Australian authorities located the boat via mobile phone calls to 25 nautical miles off the Indonesian coast and 190 nautical miles from Australia.They alerted Basarnas, the Indonesian search and rescue authority, asked merchant ships to assist and also directed Australian border protection and air force planes to provide surveillance.A text message around two hours later from the boat gave its position as eight nautical miles from the Indonesian coast and within Indonesian territorial waters.Air Marshal Binskin said 31 people had died but he did not know whether the boat had previously reached Australian waters, saying it was "unlikely".On December 13, 2013 the commander of Operation Sovereign Borders, Angus Campbell, told a media conference that another boat had sunk in Indonesian waters and two people had died.Lieutenant-General Campbell said Australia was not involved in the rescue of another 28 people on the boat, one of whom was in a serious condition, by the Indonesian search and rescue authority.These reports tally with deaths at sea recorded by the Australian Border Deaths Database , which is part of the Border Crossings Observatory research centre run by academics at Monash University.The database recorded three deaths in December and 36 in September.Lieutenant-General Campbell told a Senate estimates hearing in November 2013 that assuming a boat has departed for Australia, its crew and passengers can expect to be intercepted by Australian authorities in Australia's so-called "contiguous zone" between 12 and 24 nautical miles from Australian territory.The geographical extent of Operation Sovereign Borders' activities was examined by a Senate committee which investigated whether Australian boats acting for Operation Sovereign Borders had ventured into Indonesian territorial waters in the early months of the operation.The then immigration minister, Scott Morrison, told a media conference on January 17, 2014 that two days earlier, "border protection command assets had, in the conduct of maritime operations associated with Operation Sovereign Borders, inadvertently entered Indonesian territorial waters on several occasions, in breach of Australian Government policy".All of the deaths at sea listed above occured inside Indonesia's territorial waters.Lieutenant-General Campbell told the November 2013 hearing that sometimes calls for help are received by Australian authorities, who liaise with their Indonesian counterparts, "both as a matter of courtesy and to ensure co-ordination of effort within an area that, by bilateral and International Maritime Organisation Agreement, is the Indonesian search and rescue region".He said on occasion Australia asked Indonesian authorities if they will take people who have been recovered at sea and this is what happened with the sinking on September 27, 2013.Don Rothwell, a professor of international law at ANU, told Fact Check Mr Dutton's claim about no deaths at sea under Operation Sovereign Borders was correct.In terms of the deaths which occurred inside Indonesian territorial waters, he said the question was whether these asylum seekers came within the ambit of naval or customs interception as per Operation Sovereign Borders."And the answer is no," he said."Were [those who died] persons who had been intercepted or detained under Operation Sovereign Borders and then had their vessels turned back? The answer is no," he said. "In terms of the active operational development of Operation Sovereign Borders, which predominantly involves interception and towback, these vessels weren't part of that."Professor Rothwell said he would be very surprised if any deaths of asylum seekers at sea were not reported.He said that compared with 10 years ago, the level of scrutiny on intercepting vessels, the capacity of asylum seekers to alert authorities and for family, friends, relatives and associated to raise the alarm about people who had set out and never returned, was much higher.Leanne Webber, a director of the Border Crossing Observatory at Monash University, told Fact Check that one of the characteristics of Operation Sovereign Borders was that it was very difficult for the media to get access to information."I don't know hand on heart whether you could go as far as saying that [there were no deaths at sea]," she said. "[But] it seems quite unlikely that a major event would occur without some media coverage of it."