NEW YORK — Walmart Stores Inc. has sued Visa Inc., charging that the payment network is not allowing the retail giant to let customers verify chip-enabled debit card transactions with what it thinks is a more secure method: personal identification numbers.

In a suit filed in New York State Supreme Court on Tuesday, the Bentonville, Ark.-based discounter says Visa is forcing the retailer to allow customers to use a signature when they use the chip-based debit cards.

“This suit is about protecting our customers’ bank accounts when they use their debit cards at Walmart,” a spokesman for the discounter said in an e-mailed statement to The Associated Press. “We have long advocated for ‘PIN verification’ as opposed to the less secure signature verification for debit transactions. PIN is the only truly secure form of cardholder verification in the marketplace today, and it offers superior security to our customers.”

It’s also more costly. Walmart pays about 5 cents more to Visa for each signature transaction than it does for the so-called PIN transactions.

The suit underscores how retailers and financial institutions are locked in a continued battle on how to balance security while also providing convenience for shoppers.

In the aftermath of a series of high-profile security breaches, particularly at Target, retailers and banks have pushed for chip-enabled cards, which have become the industry practice. Chip cards spit out a unique code each time a transaction is processed. That makes it less prone to fraud.

But many retailers have pushed for an extra layer of protection: requiring customers to punch in PIN numbers for both credit cards and debit cards.

The suit is the latest in a long line of legal disputes between Walmart and Visa.

Visa, based in San Francisco, declined to comment.