PUTRAJAYA, Malaysia—Around $7 billion originating from Malaysian state investment fund 1Malaysia Development Bhd. and its former unit flowed through the global financial system between 2009 and 2015, the Swiss Attorney-General said, underscoring the scale of the financial scandal that has engulfed the fund.

Swiss authorities are investigating how much of the money that flowed through the Swiss financial system may have been misappropriated, Michael Lauber said Tuesday.

Investigations...