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Geospatial data consists of a collection of spatial, non-spatial and spatio-temporal data types and operations on them. Many spatial analysis problems can be expressed as algebraic theories, which formalize these spatial components in a rigorous and generic way. Functional languages express the semantics of abstract data types directly and allow building of complex geospatial systems from small parts. Each of these small parts is expressed as an algebra and developed in a rigorous and testable fashion. The resulting algebras are abstract building blocks which can be combined to create more complex solutions.