Queensland Police are investigating the attempted murder of a man as he was sleeping on a bikeway in Brisbane.

Officers say a man carrying a duffle bag shot the 51-year-old victim with an arrow around 10:15 (AEST) last night on the Bicentennial bikeway.

Preliminary information indicates the victim was sleeping near the Queen Street pylon when a male rode past him on a pushbike.

The male rode back several minutes later and fired a single shot into the man's body before riding off.

The injured man called for help from a nearby convenience store and police were notified.

The victim underwent emergency surgery and is in a stable condition in the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital.

Police have released images of a man riding a pushbike on the bikeway, described as Caucasian and aged in his 20s.

Anyone with any information that could assist with the matter is urged to contact Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000.