Pope Francis on Friday issued sweeping new sex abuse legislation for Vatican personnel and Holy See diplomats that requires the immediate reporting of abuse allegations to Vatican prosecutors, a policy shift aimed at being a model for the Catholic Church worldwide.

The changes were issued under the form of an Apostolic Letter, a 12-article law. The mandatory reporting provision of the legislation marks the first time the Vatican has put into law requirements for Catholic officials to report allegations of sex crimes to police or face fines and possible jail time.

Francis also issued child protection guidelines for Vatican City State and its youth seminary, acting after the global sex abuse scandal exploded anew last year and The Associated Press reported that the headquarters of the Catholic Church had no policy to protect children from predator priests.

The law for the first time provides an explicit Vatican definition for "vulnerable people" who are entitled to the same protections as minors under church law. The Vatican amended its canon law covering sex abuse to include "vulnerable adults" several years ago, but never defined it.

According to the new Vatican definition, a vulnerable person is anyone who is sick or suffering from a physical or psychiatric deficiency, isn't able to exercise personal freedom even on occasion and has a limited capacity to understand or resist the crime.

The new law covers all personnel who live and work in the Vatican, the 44-hectare state in the centre of Rome, as well as the Holy See's vast diplomatic corps in embassies around the world.

The Vatican's ambassadors have figured in some of the most scandalous cases of abuse in recent years, with papal representatives accused of groping, distributing child pornography and sexually abusing minors in their far-flung posts.

Statute of limitations

The law now requires any Vatican public official who learns of an allegation of abuse to report it to Vatican prosecutors "without delay." Failure to do so can result in a fine of up to 5,000 euros ($7,538 Cdn) or, in the case of a Vatican gendarme, up to six months of prison.

The legislation requires that victims be welcomed, listened to and provided with medical, psychological and legal assistance, and sets the statute of limitations at 20 years past the victim's 18th birthday.

The overarching law, which the Vatican first promised to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child in 2013, goes into effect on June 1.

Victims and their families are to be protected from any retaliation, the law says, answering longstanding problems faced by victims, including one who reported sexual abuse at the Vatican's own seminary only to be kicked out the following year.

Mimicking some provisions in place in the U.S. church, the provisions require background checks for staff and volunteers working with minors and calls for safe environment training for all Vatican personnel.

Gemma Hickey of Newfoundland and Labrador was among those attending a conference on abuse against minors in the Catholic Church. 5:14

People accused of sex abuse are to be removed from their jobs pending the investigation and be allowed to defend themselves.

In a statement accompanying the new law, the Vatican's editorial director, Andrea Tornielli, said while few children actually live in the Vatican City State, Francis decided to make the legislation and accompanying guidelines a model.

'Legal limbo' at the Vatican in the past: abuse reporter

Last year, AP reported that Vatican City had no policy to protect children or require suspected abuse to be reported to police, even though the Holy See required such policies in Catholic dioceses around the globe and had told the UN in 2013 that such a policy was in the works.

The absence of clear-cut policy became evident following revelations that a teenage seminarian in the Vatican's youth seminary had, in 2012, accused one of the older boys of sexually molesting his roommate.

Women are shown in a 'March for Zero Tolerance' during the four-day meeting on the global sexual abuse crisis in Rome last month. (Yara Nardi/Reuters)

Nothing came of it. Vatican police, who have jurisdiction over the territory, weren't called in to investigate. A series of bishops — including Cardinal Angelo Comastri, Francis's vicar for Rome and the archpriest of St. Peter's Basilica — said they investigated, but no one ever interviewed the alleged victim.

The student who lodged the complaint, Kamil Jarzembowski, was promptly kicked out of the seminary while the accused seminarian was ordained as a priest.

On Friday, Jarzembowski told AP the law was a positive step forward, particularly its explicit recognition that the pre-seminary falls under its jurisdiction.

"Before there was a situation where a group of kids were there, in the Vatican City State, but they were seemingly in a legal limbo," he said.

He praised the mandatory reporting requirement, noting that all survivor advocacy groups "the first thing that they do is say there must be the obligation to report to public authorities."

"I see this as something positive," he said.