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The GNU C Library version 2.26 is now available

From: Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh at sourceware dot org>

To: "libc-alpha at sourceware dot org" <libc-alpha at sourceware dot org>

Date: Wed, 2 Aug 2017 19:44:15 +0530

Subject: The GNU C Library version 2.26 is now available

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Reply-to: siddhesh at sourceware dot org

The GNU C Library ================= The GNU C Library version 2.26 is now available. The GNU C Library is used as *the* C library in the GNU system and in GNU/Linux systems, as well as many other systems that use Linux as the kernel. The GNU C Library is primarily designed to be a portable and high performance C library. It follows all relevant standards including ISO C11 and POSIX.1-2008. It is also internationalized and has one of the most complete internationalization interfaces known. The GNU C Library webpage is at http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/ Packages for the 2.26 release may be downloaded from: http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/libc/ http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libc/ The mirror list is at http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html NEWS for version 2.26 ===================== Major new features: * A per-thread cache has been added to malloc. Access to the cache requires no locks and therefore significantly accelerates the fast path to allocate and free small amounts of memory. Refilling an empty cache requires locking the underlying arena. Performance measurements show significant gains in a wide variety of user workloads. Workloads were captured using a special instrumented malloc and analyzed with a malloc simulator. Contributed by DJ Delorie with the help of Florian Weimer, and Carlos O'Donell. * Unicode 10.0.0 Support: Character encoding, character type info, and transliteration tables are all updated to Unicode 10.0.0, using generator scripts contributed by Mike FABIAN (Red Hat). These updates cause user visible changes, especially the changes in wcwidth for many emoji characters cause problems when emoji sequences are rendered with pango, see for example: https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=780669#c5 * Collation of Hungarian has been overhauled and is now consistent with "The Rules of Hungarian Orthography, 12th edition" (Bug 18934). Contributed by Egmont Koblinger. * Improvements to the DNS stub resolver, contributed by Florian Weimer: - The GNU C Library will now detect when /etc/resolv.conf has been modified and reload the changed configuration. The new resolver option “no-reload” (RES_NORELOAD) disables this behavior. - The GNU C Library now supports an arbitrary number of search domains (configured using the “search” directive in /etc/resolv.conf); previously, there was a hard limit of six domains. For backward compatibility, applications that directly modify the ‘_res’ global object are still limited to six search domains. - When the “rotate” (RES_ROTATE) resolver option is active, the GNU C Library will now randomly pick a name server from the configuration as a starting point. (Previously, the second name server was always used.) * The tunables feature is now enabled by default. This allows users to tweak behavior of the GNU C Library using the GLIBC_TUNABLES environment variable. * New function reallocarray, which resizes an allocated block (like realloc) to the product of two sizes, with a guaranteed clean failure upon integer overflow in the multiplication. Originally from OpenBSD, contributed by Dennis Wölfing and Rüdiger Sonderfeld. * New wrappers for the Linux-specific system calls preadv2 and pwritev2. These are extended versions of preadv and pwritev, respectively, taking an additional flags argument. The set of supported flags depends on the running kernel; full support currently requires kernel 4.7 or later. * posix_spawnattr_setflags now supports the flag POSIX_SPAWN_SETSID, to create a new session ID for the spawned process. This feature is scheduled to be added to the next major revision of POSIX; for the time being, it is available under _GNU_SOURCE. * errno.h is now safe to use from C-preprocessed assembly language on all supported operating systems. In this context, it will only define the Exxxx constants, as preprocessor macros expanding to integer literals. * On ia64, powerpc64le, x86-32, and x86-64, the math library now implements 128-bit floating point as defined by ISO/IEC/IEEE 60559:2011 (IEEE 754-2008) and ISO/IEC TS 18661-3:2015. Contributed by Paul E. Murphy, Gabriel F. T. Gomes, Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho, and Joseph Myers. To compile programs that use this feature, the compiler must support 128-bit floating point with the type name _Float128 (as defined by TS 18661-3) or __float128 (the nonstandard name used by GCC for C++, and for C prior to version 7). _GNU_SOURCE or __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT__ must be defined to make the new interfaces visible. The new functions and macros correspond to those present for other floating-point types (except for a few obsolescent interfaces not supported for the new type), with F128 or f128 suffixes; for example, strtof128, HUGE_VAL_F128 and cosf128. Following TS 18661-3, there are no printf or scanf formats for the new type; the strfromf128 and strtof128 interfaces should be used instead. Deprecated and removed features, and other changes affecting compatibility: * The synchronization that pthread_spin_unlock performs has been changed to now be equivalent to a C11 atomic store with release memory order to the spin lock's memory location. Previously, several (but not all) architectures used stronger synchronization (e.g., containing what is often called a full barrier). This change can improve performance, but may affect odd fringe uses of spin locks that depend on the previous behavior (e.g., using spin locks as atomic variables to try to implement Dekker's mutual exclusion algorithm). * The port to Native Client running on ARMv7-A (--host=arm-nacl) has been removed. * Sun RPC is deprecated. The rpcgen program, librpcsvc, and Sun RPC headers will only be built and installed when the GNU C Library is configured with --enable-obsolete-rpc. This allows alternative RPC implementations, such as TIRPC or rpcsvc-proto, to be used. * The NIS(+) name service modules, libnss_nis, libnss_nisplus, and libnss_compat, are deprecated, and will not be built or installed by default. The NIS(+) support library, libnsl, is also deprecated. By default, a compatibility shared library will be built and installed, but not headers or development libraries. Only a few NIS-related programs require this library. (In particular, the GNU C Library has never required programs that use 'gethostbyname' to be linked with libnsl.) Replacement implementations based on TIRPC, which additionally support IPv6, are available from <https://github.com/thkukuk/>. The configure option --enable-obsolete-nsl will cause libnsl's headers, and the NIS(+) name service modules, to be built and installed. * The DNS stub resolver no longer performs EDNS fallback. If EDNS or DNSSEC support is enabled, the configured recursive resolver must support EDNS. (Responding to EDNS-enabled queries with responses which are not EDNS-enabled is fine, but FORMERR responses are not.) * res_mkquery and res_nmkquery no longer support the IQUERY opcode. DNS servers have not supported this opcode for a long time. * The _res_opcodes variable has been removed from libresolv. It had been exported by accident. * <string.h> no longer includes inline versions of any string functions, as this kind of optimization is better done by the compiler. The macros __USE_STRING_INLINES and __NO_STRING_INLINES no longer have any effect. * The nonstandard header <xlocale.h> has been removed. Most programs should use <locale.h> instead. If you have a specific need for the definition of locale_t with no other declarations, please contact libc-alpha@sourceware.org and explain. * The obsolete header <sys/ultrasound.h> has been removed. * The obsolete signal constant SIGUNUSED is no longer defined by <signal.h>. * The obsolete function cfree has been removed. Applications should use free instead. * The stack_t type no longer has the name struct sigaltstack. This changes the C++ name mangling for interfaces involving this type. * The ucontext_t type no longer has the name struct ucontext. This changes the C++ name mangling for interfaces involving this type. * On M68k GNU/Linux and MIPS GNU/Linux, the fpregset_t type no longer has the name struct fpregset. On Nios II GNU/Linux, the mcontext_t type no longer has the name struct mcontext. On SPARC GNU/Linux, the struct mc_fq, struct rwindow, struct fpq and struct fq types are no longer defined in sys/ucontext.h, the mc_fpu_t type no longer has the name struct mc_fpu, the gwindows_t type no longer has the name struct gwindows and the fpregset_t type no longer has the name struct fpu. This changes the C++ name mangling for interfaces involving those types. * On S/390 GNU/Linux, the constants defined by <sys/ptrace.h> have been synced with the kernel: - PTRACE_GETREGS, PTRACE_SETREGS, PTRACE_GETFPREGS and PTRACE_SETFPREGS are not supported on this architecture and have been removed. - PTRACE_SINGLEBLOCK, PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER, PTRACE_PEEKUSR_AREA, PTRACE_POKEUSR_AREA, PTRACE_GET_LAST_BREAK, PTRACE_ENABLE_TE, PTRACE_DISABLE_TE and PTRACE_TE_ABORT_RAND have been added. Programs that assume the GET/SETREGS ptrace requests are universally available will now fail to build, instead of malfunctioning at runtime. Changes to build and runtime requirements: * Linux kernel 3.2 or later is required at runtime, on all architectures supported by that kernel. (This is a change from version 2.25 only for x86-32 and x86-64.) * GNU Binutils 2.25 or later is now required to build the GNU C Library. * On most architectures, GCC 4.9 or later is required to build the GNU C Library. On powerpc64le, GCC 6.2 or later is required. Older GCC versions and non-GNU compilers are still supported when compiling programs that use the GNU C Library. (We do not know exactly how old, and some GNU extensions to C may be _de facto_ required. If you are interested in helping us make this statement less vague, please contact libc-alpha@sourceware.org.) Security related changes: * The DNS stub resolver limits the advertised UDP buffer size to 1200 bytes, to avoid fragmentation-based spoofing attacks (CVE-2017-12132). * LD_LIBRARY_PATH is now ignored in binaries running in privileged AT_SECURE mode to guard against local privilege escalation attacks (CVE-2017-1000366). * Avoid printing a backtrace from the __stack_chk_fail function since it is called on a corrupt stack and a backtrace is unreliable on a corrupt stack (CVE-2010-3192). * A use-after-free vulnerability in clntudp_call in the Sun RPC system has been fixed (CVE-2017-12133). Contributors ============ This release was made possible by the contributions of many people. The maintainers are grateful to everyone who has contributed changes or bug reports. These include: Adhemerval Zanella Akhilesh Kumar Alan Modra Alexey Neyman Andreas Schwab Arjun Shankar Benjamin Cama Carlos O'Donell Chris Leonard Christian Borntraeger Christian Brauner Christopher Chittleborough Chung-Lin Tang DJ Delorie Dennis Wölfing Dmitry Bilunov Dmitry V. Levin Egmont Koblinger Eyolf Østrem Florian Weimer Gabriel F. T. Gomes Gordana Cmiljanovic H.J. Lu Ihar Hrachyshka Ivo Raisr Jiong Wang John David Anglin Joseph Myers Justus Winter Kir Kolyshkin Marko Myllynen Massimeddu Cireddu Matthew Krupcale Mike FABIAN Mike Frysinger Mousa Moradi Nathan Rossi Paul Clarke Paul E. Murphy Paul Eggert Peng Wu Phil Blundell Prakhar Bahuguna Rabin Vincent Rafal Luzynski Rajalakshmi Srinivasaraghavan Rical Jasan Rogerio A. Cardoso Samuel Thibault Santhosh Thottingal Siddhesh Poyarekar Slava Barinov Stefan Liebler Steve Ellcey Sunyeop Lee Szabolcs Nagy Thorsten Kukuk Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho Uros Bizjak Vladimir Mezentsev Wainer dos Santos Moschetta Wilco Dijkstra Wladimir J. van der Laan Yury Norov Zack Weinberg