Saudi Prince Turki al-Faisal has rejected the idea of sharing the administration of the annual hajj pilgrimage with other Muslim nations, saying Riyadh considers it “a matter of sovereignty” and a “privilege”.

The senior member of the Saudi royal family spoke to The Associated Press in the wake of mounting criticism of last month’s disastrous crush of pilgrims outside the holy city of Mecca, which killed over 1,400 people, according to an AP count.

Saudi ambulances arrive with pilgrims who were injured in a stampede at the hajj in September. Photograph: Mohammed Al-Shaikh/AFP/Getty Images

Other figures put the death toll at more than 1,500, making it the deadliest annual pilgrimage on record. Saudi Arabia’s Health Ministry officials puts the death toll at 769.

Saudi Arabia’s regional rival Iran, which lost the largest number of pilgrims, has accused the kingdom of mismanagement and called for an independent body to oversee the hajj.

Iran’s death toll of 465 is the highest announced by any country thus far. Egypt’s Foreign Ministry said on Sunday that the death toll among Egyptians climbed from 165 to 177, with 64 still missing.

The Saudi royal family derives enormous prestige and legitimacy from being the caretakers of the hajj and Islam’s holiest sites in Mecca and Medina. King Salman, in line with past Saudi monarchs, holds the title of “Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques” in reference to the Grand Mosque in Mecca and the Prophet Muhammad’s first mosque ever built in Medina.

Oversight of these holy places and the hajj “is a matter of sovereignty and privilege and service,” Prince Turki said.

“The kingdom over the years, having gotten over the awful times when pilgrims couldn’t guarantee their travels to the hajj in the old days and all the other factors of disease and crowds and housing and so on, we’ll not give up that privilege or that distinction of being the servants of the two holy places,” he said.

“The people of Mecca are the ones who know best the territory of Mecca and you can’t take that away from the people of Mecca.”

Turki is the most senior Saudi royal to comment publicly on the Iranian criticism. He is currently chairman of the Riyadh-based King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies, named after his late father.

The prince served for more than two decades as head of intelligence in the kingdom, and has held ambassador posts in Britain, Ireland and the U.S. His brother, Prince Khalid al-Faisal is currently the governor of Mecca.

The hajj pilgrims died in September when large crowds converged down a narrow street in the area of Mina, just outside Mecca. As thousands of pilgrims headed down narrow streets in Mina, they converged on another large crowd, causing people to trip over one another, fall and suffocate in a chaotic crush that lasted for more than an hour, according to survivors. The street where the crush took place is surrounded by iron gates, behind which are tents for pilgrims.

The tragedy took place around a mile (1.6 km) from a multi-million dollar facility built by the Saudi government to ease congestion and deadly accidents during a ritual where Muslims throw pebbles at three columns in a symbolic stoning of the devil. The pilgrimage, which all able-bodied Muslims are required to perform once in a lifetime, is a chance for believers to wipe away past sins.

The Jamarat complex in Mina is an example of the many projects the kingdom has undertaken to make the pilgrimage safer. Saudi Arabia has spent billions of dollars and undertaken massive construction projects to ease the hajj for the world’s Muslims, and the last serious loss of life had occurred nine years ago.

This year, the hajj drew around 2 million people from more than 180 countries to Islam’s holiest site in Mecca, the cube-shaped Kaaba to which Muslims around the world pray toward and circle during pilgrimages.

Within hours of the stampede, Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei had accused Saudi Arabia of “mismanagement.” Iran’s President Hassan Rouhani suggested “ineptitude” on the part of Saudi authorities.

Scores of Iranians protested against the kingdom outside the Saudi Embassy in Tehran, and Iranian lawmakers and clerics called on the Organization of Islamic Cooperation to manage the hajj. Iran’s state prosecutor has vowed to “pursue the trial of (the royal family) Al Saud” through international courts for the deaths in this year’s hajj.

“I think they’re trying to make political capital out of this, which is unfortunate,” Turki said, adding that “human suffering should not be a tool for political shenanigans.”

“It’s a recurring record that is played over and over again by Iranian leaders.”