Want mass shootings to stop? Here are the 46 people you have to convince. Two years ago, after the Sandy Hook Elementary School shootings, these 46 legislators voted against a bill that would have introduced universal background checks on gun purchases. Of these senators, 43 accepted money from the gun industry. Polls show most Americans support tougher gun laws, including Republicans and gun owners. Three key legislators are highlighted in the darker green below. You do not have to live in a senator’s district or state to express your opinion, nor to donate to his opponent.

1. Dean Heller. Republican from Nevada. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $42,247 Office phone: 202–224–6244. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenDeanHeller.

2. John Barrasso. Republican from Wyoming. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $26,349. Office phone: 202–224–6441 (you may need to ask to be transferred to Senator Barrasso’s office when you call this number). Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenJohnBarrasso.

3. Ted Cruz. Republican from Texas. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $24,929. Office phone: (202) 224–5922. Website email form. Twitter handle: @TedCruz

4. Roy Blunt. Republican from Missouri. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $23,435. Office phone: (202) 224–5721. Website email form. Twitter handle: @RoyBlunt

What to say: “I’d like the Senator to know that I support tougher gun laws including universal background checks. [Optional] If the Senator doesn’t change his position on this matter, I will donate to his opponent in the next election.”

5. Roger Wicker. Republican from Mississippi. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $21,350. Office phone: (202) 224–6253. Note: Senator Wicker’s office is one of the few that does employ tactics designed to discourage dissenting opinion, i.e. (1) keeping you on hold for a long time with loud hold music (2) asking first where you’re from instead of asking what comment you have (3) saying they need to put you back hold in favor of constituents. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenatorWicker

6. **KEY LEGISLATOR: Rob Portman. A Republican from Ohio, Senator Portman faces a tough reelection race in a swing state in 2016 and may be particularly receptive to hearing “If you don’t reverse position, I will donate to your opponent.” Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting:$19,900. Office phone: 202–224–3353. Website email form. Twitter handle:@PortmanPress (More info on Portman’s opponent here.)

7. Mitch McConnell. Republican from Kentucky. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $18,900. Office phone: (202) 224–2541. Website email form. Twitter handle: @McConnellPress

8. James Risch. Republican from Idaho. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $18,850. Office phone: 202–224–2752. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenatorRisch

For most senators, a phone call still carries more weight than an email or Tweet. Let them hear you.

9. Richard Burr. Republican from North Carolina. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $16,900. Office phone: (202) 224–3154.Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenatorBurr

10. James Inhofe. Republican from Oklahoma. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $16,400. Office phone: (202) 224–4721. Website email form. Twitter handle: @InhofePress

11. John Cornyn. Republican from Texas. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $15,950. Office phone: 202–224 2934 Website email form. Twitter handle: @JohnCornyn

12. John Boozman. Republican from Arkansas. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $14,985. Office phone: (202) 224–4843 Website email form Twitter handle @JohnBoozman

A staffer’s job is simply to register your comment and pass it along to the senator. 99% of the time, they will be extremely courteous, even upon learning of a dissenting view.

13. Jeff Flake. Republican from Arizona. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $14,950. Office phone: 202–224–4521. Website email form. Twitter handle: @JeffFlake

14. John Thune. Republican from South Dakota. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $13,500. Office phone: (202) 224–2321 Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenJohnThune

15. Jerry Moran. Republican from Kansas. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $13,450. Office phone:(202) 224–6521 Website email form. Twitter handle: @JerryMoran

You don’t have to be from a senator’s constituency to express your opinion. If a staffer questions your location, politely remind them that you also don’t have to be in the senator’s constituency to donate to his opponent.

16. Pat Roberts. Republican from Kansas. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $11,950. Office phone: (202) 224–4774 Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenPatRoberts

17. Mike Crapo. Republican from Idaho. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $11,450 Office phone: (202) 224–6142 Website email form@MikeCrapo

18. Lindsey Graham. Republican from South Carolina. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $11,400 Office phone: (202) 224–5972. Website email form Twitter handle: @LindseyGrahamSC

19. John Hoeven. Republican from North Dakota. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $10,950 Office phone: 202–224–2551. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenJohnHoeven

20. **KEY LEGISLATOR: Ron Johnson. A Republican from Wisconsin, Senator Johnson faces a tough reelection race in a swing state in 2016 and may be particularly receptive to hearing “If you don’t reverse position, I will donate to your opponent.” Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $10,950 Office phone: (202) 224–5323. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenRonJohnson (More info on Ron Johnson’s opponent here.)

21. Lamar Alexander. Republican from Tennessee. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $10,900 Office phone:(615) 736–5129.Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenAlexander

22. Lisa Murkowski. Republican from Alaska. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $10,058. Office phone: 202–224–6665. Website email form. Twitter handle: @lisamurkowski

Letting a senator know you will donate to her opponent is the single most impactful thing you can say to inspire movement on this issue.

23. Jeff Sessions. Republican from Alabama. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $9,450 Office phone: (202) 224–4124. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenatorSessions

24. Richard Shelby. Republican from Alabama. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $9,450 Office phone: (202) 224–5744. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenShelby

25. **KEY LEGISLATOR: Kelly Ayotte. A Republican from New Hampshire, Senator Ayotte faces a tough reelection race in a swing state in 2016 and may be particularly receptive to hearing “If you don’t reverse position, I will donate to your opponent.” Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $9,000 Office phone: 202–224–3324. Website email form. Twitter handle: @KellyAyotte (More info on Kelly Ayotte’s opponent here.)

26. Orrin Hatch. Republican from Utah. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $9,000 Office phone: (202) 224–5251. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenOrrinHatch

27. Harry Reid. Democrat from Nevada. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $8,450. According to staffers, Senator Reid’s position is that he supports Universal Background Checks and only voted against the Manchin-Toomey bill because he knew it would fail and he wanted to be able to reconsider future legislation, a position called somewhat into question by funds accepted from the gun industry. Office phone: 202–224–3542. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenatorReid

28. Marco Rubio. Republican from Florida. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $8,089. Office phone: 202–224–3041. Website email form. Twitter handle: @marcorubio

29. Deb Fischer. Republican from Nebraska. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $7,950 (202) 224–6551. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenatorFischer

30. Johnny Isakson. Republican from Georgia. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $7,500. Office phone: (202) 224–3643. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenatorIsakson

31. Bob Corker. Republican from Tennessee. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $6,950. Office phone: 202–224–3344. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenBobCorker

The 2013 bi-partisan Manchin-Toomey bill, introduced in the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, would have introduced tougher, universal background checks on all prospective gun purchasers. The Sandy Hook shooter had severe, diagnosed mental health problems.

32. Chuck Grassley. Republican from Iowa. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $6,950 Office phone: (202) 224–5136. Website email form. Twitter handle: @ChuckGrassley

33. Rand Paul. Republican from Kentucky. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $6,671. 202–224–4343. Website email form. Twitter handle: @RandPaul

34. Mike Enzi. Republican from Wyoming. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting:$5,950. Office phone: (202) 224–3424. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenatorEnzi

35. Mike Lee. Republican from Utah. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $5,500 Office phone: 202–224–5444. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenMikeLee

36. Tim Scott. Republican from South Carolina. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $5,500. Office phone: (202) 224–6121. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenatorTimScott

37. David Vitter. Republican from Louisiana. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $5,003. Office phone: (202) 224–4623. Website email form. Twitter handle: @DavidVitter

38. Thad Cochran. Republican from Mississippi. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $5,000. 202–224–5054. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenThadCochran

39. Dan Coats. Republican from Indiana. No money accepted from gun industry at time of voting. Office phone: (202) 224–5623. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenDanCoats

40. Heidi Heitkamp. Democratic Non-Partisan Party Member from North Dakota. No money accepted from gun industry at time of voting. Office phone: (202)224–2043. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenatorHeitkamp

Senators Who Voted Against Bill, But Who Are No Longer In Office + Their Replacement’s Contact Info

41. Saxby Chambliss. Republican from Georgia. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $24,850. Replaced by Republican David Perdue.Website email form. Phone. 202–224–3521. Twitter handle: @sendavidperdue

42. Max Baucus. Democrat from Montana. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $7,950. Replaced by Republican Steve Daines. (202) 224–2651. Web site email form. Twitter handle: Steve Daines

43. Mike Johanns. Republican from Nebraska. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $6,950. Replaced by Republican Ben Sasse. 202–224–4224. Web site email form. Twitter handle: Senator Ben Sasse

44. Tom Coburn. Republican from Oklahoma. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $4,053. Replaced by Republican James Lankford. (202) 224–5754. Web site email form. Twitter handle :@senatorlankford

45. Mark Pryor. Democrat from Arkansas. Money accepted from gun industry at time of voting: $2,000. Replaced by Republican Tom Cotton.Phone: (202) 224–2353. Website email form. Twitter handle: Tom Cotton

46. Mark Begich. Democrat from Alaska. No money accepted from gun industry at time of voting. Replaced by Republican Dan Sullivan. Phone:(202)-224–3004. Website email form. Twitter handle: @SenDanSullivan

Poll Data:

http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/07/us-usa-guns-poll-idUSBRE9160LW20130207

Contribution Data:

https://www.opensecrets.org/news/issues/guns/vote_2013.php

Gratitude and Credit To:

@AlecMacGillis at Mother Jones for pointing out the three senators who may be most receptive to public feedback in this excellent Mother Jonespiece, “The NRA is Losing Its Grip on Power.”

Manchin-Toomey Bill Info:

http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2013/apr/30/summary-manchin-toomey-gun-proposal/