The movement for women’s suffrage began in earnest with the Seneca Falls convention of 1848 and faced fierce resistance for decades.

In Britain and the United States, suffragettes calling for the right to vote were regularly arrested and subjected to brutal imprisonment and torture.

Suffragettes were also targeted with propaganda campaigns, which derided and mocked their cause.

Women’s suffrage was cast by opponents as a threat to the very fabric of society, the integrity of the family and the security of masculinity itself.

Suffrage was finally secured in Britain with acts passed in 1918 and 1928, and in the United States with the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920.