The deadly fire in an Oakland warehouse used as a makeshift artists' loft is hitting home for Boston’s creative community.

Artists in the city connect with the tragedy on many levels — some feel like it could’ve been them, and they’re heartbroken about the lives lost. But the horrific event is also raising concerns about their struggle to find safe, affordable spaces in Boston where they can live, work and perform.

I visited a few artists to find out more about the realities they face.

Forty-two-year-old installation artist Stephen Frederick showed me around a beautiful but dilapidated 1800s firehouse in Dorchester.

“As you can see the building basically needs all new everything,” Frederick said with a laugh.

Frederick and his partner bought the rundown structure in 2012. Since then they’ve been transforming it into an artist live/work and performance space.

“A lot of the major costs would be in terms of fire isolation," Frederick said, "separating the downstairs and upstairs spaces and also to provide more fire exits from the upstairs."

Navigating building codes and making a repurposed building safe is expensive. The couple has already sunk $400,000 into removing black mold and replacing the electrical and plumbing systems.

“For us to get make this fully legal, up to code, and fire safe for public events," Frederick said, "we probably would need to raise an additional [$400,000] to do that."

Stephen Frederick and Katherine Bergeron in the old Dorchester firehouse they are converting into an artists' space they call Torrent Engine 18. (Andrea Shea/WBUR)

The two artists named their building project Torrent Engine 18. They admit its future is uncertain. Now the Oakland fire is adding to the chill in this unheated work-in-progress.

Frederick's partner, writer-performer Katherine Bergeron, said the crushing news is taking her back to when flames ripped through an illegal live/work space and venue in Allston on Rugg Road. It was occupied by a collective of underground artists and musicians known as Pan 9 — Amanda Palmer and the Dresden Dolls used to play in the basement. The scrappy building was also Bergeron's home.

“This was 2006 just after Christmas,” Bergeron said. “There was an electrical fire. It was in my room. I was really lucky that I woke up.”

The artists fought the blaze with extinguishers and got out with some injuries. But, in the end, fire, smoke and water damage rendered the place unlivable and the artists homeless.

Bergeron said a lot of people have asked why she would live illegally in an unsafe space. Her answer?

“Well a lot of us don’t really have a choice,” she said.

These days the couple lives legally in a small Malden apartment. The fact is that artists have been occupying spaces illegally in and around Boston for decades — to perform, work, live or find inspiration and community. Frederick said the legit artist live/work options are too expensive for most of the artists he knows and that a lot of people are still using illegal spaces.

“Most of them don’t last very long,” Frederick said. “Either they get shut down or the people move on to other things. And there’s also just the issue that in order for a space like that to survive that it essentially has to stay secret.”

Now Frederick and many other artists are worrying about a crackdown, like what's been happening in Oakland and other U.S. cities since the tragic fire.

“None of us want to be doing anything illegally," artist Evan Lukash said. "And yeah — that’s a huge fear for a lot of us working artists." Lukash grew up in the Bay Area and said while he wasn't close to any victims of the Oakland fire, they were part of the same tight-knit community.

The interior of a studio at Inner City Sanctuary for the Arts in Roxbury’s Dudley Square. Clockwise from lower left: co-founder Steven Johnson, artist Mualam Muhammad, artist Jesus Morales, musician Jack Boynton, artist Evan “V.Kash” Lukash. (Andrea Shea/WBUR)

The 33-year-old said he's lived in spaces in Oakland like the warehouse that burned and compared that city to Boston.

“Boston is a lot stricter and a lot more by the book,” Lukash said. "You’re not going to get away with some of the stuff that you could out west.”

Other people interviewed for this story concurred with Lukash. Now he’s relocated to Boston, but he can't afford rent in the city — that’s why he lives in Bedford.

“Everybody that's a professional artist," Lukash said, "has had that conversation: 'Where can I go that I can do what I love doing and not have to worry about being homeless? And not have to worry about starving, but still do what it is that I know I was put on this earth to do?'”

Lukash — who goes by the artist name “V.Kash” — said he moved here in part to support an expanding artist work/performance space and collective in Roxbury. It’s called the Inner City Sanctuary for the Arts. Once you find the nondescript warehouse in Dudley Square, you can walk through its art-covered hallways, work rooms and studios on the second floor. There’s also a stage and sound system.

The performance space inside the Inner City Sanctuary for the Arts. (Andrea Shea/WBUR)

Steven Johnson, 27, co-founded “The Sanctum” and said about 20 artists, musicians and designers work here in all media — from painting to virtual reality to bootmaking. Sitting on a couch in the space, Johnson said it’s an open, collaborative atmosphere, but they definitely do not live there. That would be illegal.

“We need to make sure there is enough live/work space for us to have artists in Boston,” Johnson said. He then asked and answered the question of what would happen to him and his fellow artists if those spaces didn't exist: “We move away."

There has been an artist exodus to more affordable, amenable cities including Lowell and Providence, Rhode Island. In the meantime, Boston is working to retain its creative economy in a few different ways.

“We have a lot of artists' workspaces around the city that we have worked on because we do understand the importance of our city, and we're trying to mold these regulations around the lifestyle of artists," Boston Inspectional Services Commissioner William “Buddy” Christopher said. "They love to be around their work.”

Christopher and his office told me there have been no increases in inspections or citations since the Oakland fire. Christopher added that Boston Mayor Marty Walsh supports artists and inspectional staff has been working with property owners to bring illegal live/work spaces up to code. Plus, part of the city's cultural plan, known as “Boston Creates,” is prioritizing affordable housing for artists.

But in talking about what happened in Oakland, Christopher said there's a more severe level of scrutiny when unsafe buildings are used for illegal music shows or parties.

This year Christopher's department shut down such a space in Allston after the city caught wind of plans for an unpermitted rave.

"When we got there," Christopher said, "there were people living in spaces that were supposed to be offices, [and] some of the egress paths did not meet the standards that we require. There were washers and driers and ladders in stairwells.” That’s dangerous and unacceptable, he said.

“I don’t think the solution is just getting all these people out 'cause the spaces aren’t safe," artist Pat Falco said. "I think you have to start at the beginning.”

Falco has a studio in The Distillery, a 20-year-old live/work space in South Boston.

Artist Pat Falco in his work studio at the Distillery in Boston’s South End. (Andrea Shea/WBUR)

For Falco, one of the biggest reasons why all kinds of lower-income people end up in unsafe or illegal spaces is the skyrocketing, speculative real estate market.

I think we all know artists have a knack for finding cool, cheap parts of town. Then they make them even cooler and more vibrant, not magically, but through hard work, creativity, ingenuity and community. But it seems eventually most artists get pushed out (exceptions include the Fort Point artists who have battled for years to keep their Seaport live/work buildings).

Falco said this process is nothing new — and it's complicated.

“It’s not like tomorrow they can just go and lower the rents,” Falco said. “All these developers have a lot of say, they have a lot of money.”

Then the soft-spoken artist posed a question.

“The energy that was put into getting GE here — couldn’t we be putting that energy into the people that are already here?" Falco asked.

Right now Falco can only afford to pay rent for his studio but not for somewhere else to live. And he said he's torn about the benefit of raising awareness about these issues. If artists do come out of the shadows, he asks: “Where will they go?”

The Faces And Places Of Boston Artists

I spoke to a lot of area artists for this story. Here's a quick look at where they live and work.

Dana Seaver:

Artist Dana Seaver lives at Brickbottom Artists Association in Somerville, but before that he was living in an illegal space.

One of the two cream colored Brickbottom Artists Associations buildings off McGrath Highway in Somerville. (Jesse Costa./WBUR)

“I’m hoping that a lot of these spaces can become legal live/work spaces," Seaver said, "because I think that’s what Boston needs more of. I think there are so many developers out there making high end condos that nobody is going to be able to afford. What’s the point in that?”

Seaver said he lived in an illegal space “because I could make noise there. Inspiration doesn’t have a 9-5 job."

Pier Gustafson:

Illustrator Pier Gustafson. (Jesse Costa/WBUR)

Pier Gustafson, a 60-year-old illustrator, lived illegally in Boston on A Street years ago in spaces where they turned the heat off at 5 p.m. every night. For the last 30 years, Gustafson has been living at Brickbottom Studios in Somerville.

Cait Danahy and Pat Dagle:

Pat Dagel and Cait Danahy of CasaBlanc artist studios in Dorchester. (Andrea Shea/WBUR)

Cait Danahy runs Casablanc, a shared artist, designer and entrepreneur studio space and gallery with a retail area that sells everything from street apparel to beard oil. It’s all housed in a 200-year-old South End warehouse.

“Sometimes my tenants will be like, 'Oh can we crash here?'" Danahy said. "And I’m like, ‘No, you’re going to get me shut down. You gotta go.' There’s just so much to lose.”

Her partner Pat Dagle said other big warehouse buildings in Boston have already been scooped up.

“The owner of this building is a huge developer," Dagle said. "This isn’t some slumlord who’s owned it for 30 years, this is someone with a play in real estate, you know? Most of Boston has been speculated at this point and bought up by these bigwig developers who are just waiting for their Seaport check to happen. I think that is what has changed everything for Boston: the rising, booming, exploding housing costs in the city.”

Mike Dacey:

Mike Dacey. (Andrea Shea/WBUR)

Mike Dacey owns Repeat Press and is the former manager of the now-disbanded shared workspace collective Fringe that was, until last month, in Union Square in Somerville. Dacey has moved his letterpress printing presses into a space at the 30-year-old Brickbottom Studios.

Dacey said he worries the Oakland tragedy is going to spook owners and landlords.

“It’s the same story as it’s always been. I mean we’re not the first people to have started a collective space in a neighborhood where we could afford to do so, and then found ourselves in a neighborhood where we could no longer to do so or where that wasn’t even an option. And we won’t be the last.”