WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Government policymakers will need to implement “substantial” targeted fiscal, monetary and financial market measures to combat the economic impact from the rapidly spreading coronavirus, International Monetary Fund chief economist Gita Gopinath said on Monday.

FILE PHOTO: Gita Gopinath, Economic Counsellor and Director of the Research Department at the International Monetary Fund (IMF), speaks during a news conference in Santiago, Chile, July 23, 2019. REUTERS/Rodrigo Garrido

In a blog posting on the IMF’s website, Gopinath said her top recommendations involved putting cash directly into the hands of households and businesses. Broad interest rate cuts may instill confidence but would be effective in stimulating activity only once business conditions normalize, she added.

“Households and businesses hit by supply disruptions and a drop in demand could be targeted to receive cash transfers, wage subsidies, and tax relief, helping people to meet their needs and businesses to stay afloat,” Gopinath wrote.

She cited as an example Italy’s decision to extend tax deadlines for companies in affected areas and a broadened wage supplementation fund to support workers laid off amid quarantines and travel restrictions.

South Korea also has introduced wage subsidies for small merchants and increased allowances for homecare and job seekers, while China has temporarily waived social security contributions for businesses, she said.

“For those laid off, unemployment insurance could be temporarily enhanced, by extending its duration, increasing benefits, or relaxing eligibility,” Gopinath wrote. “Where paid sick and family leave is not among standard benefits, governments should consider funding it to allow unwell workers or their caregivers to stay home without fear of losing their jobs during the epidemic.”

Gopinath also said central banks should be ready to provide ample liquidity to banks and nonbank finance companies, “particularly to those lending to small- and medium-sized enterprises, which may be less prepared to withstand a sharp disruption.”

Governments also could offer temporary and targeted credit guarantees for the near-term liquidity needs of these firms, and financial market regulators and supervisors could also encourage, on a temporary and time-bound basis, extensions of loan maturities, she said.

Further down on her list was broader monetary stimulus, such as policy rate cuts, and asset purchases. These can lift confidence and support financial markets if there is a marked risk of a sizable tightening in financial conditions.

Wider fiscal stimulus also could help, over time.

“Broad-based fiscal stimulus consistent with available fiscal space can help lift aggregate demand but would most likely be more effective when business operations begin to normalize,” she said.