A federal judge in Houston Friday issued a scathing denouncement of Harris County's cash bail system, saying it is fundamentally unfair to detain indigent people arrested for low-level offenses simply because they can't afford to pay bail.

In a 193-page ruling released Friday, Chief U.S. District Judge Lee H. Rosenthal ordered the county to begin releasing indigent inmates May 15 while they await trial on misdemeanor offenses.

Rosenthal concluded the county's bail policy violates the due process and equal protection clauses of the Constitution.

"Liberty is precious to Americans and any deprivation must be scrutinized," the order states, citing a comment from Texas Supreme Court Chief Justice Nathan Hecht.

The judge also granted "class-action" status to the case, meaning that her findings will apply to all misdemeanor defendants taken into custody.

The ruling - a temporary injunction that will remain in place until the lawsuit is resolved pending appeal - will not apply to those charged with felonies, or those who are being detained on other charges or holds.

First Assistant County Attorney Robert Soard said late Friday officials are reviewing the orders.

"No decision has been made at this time concerning an appeal of the preliminary injunction," he said.

District Attorney Kim Ogg and County Commissioner Rodney Ellis - both of whom filed statements of support with the court for the lawsuit - praised the ruling.

"This is a watershed moment in Harris County criminal-justice history," Ogg said in a statement late Friday. "From now on, people can't be held in jail awaiting trial on low-level offenses, just because they are too poor to make bail. ... We welcome the ruling and will comply fully with it."

Ellis said he was pleased with the ruling.

"Harris County's bail system is unconstitutionally discriminatory and morally indefensible - and we now have a federal court ruling telling us so," Ellis said in an email. "It's time for us to fix a broken justice system that favors the privileged and punishes the poor for being poor."

'Difficult and complex'

The ruling came five weeks came after a lengthy hearing in which more than a dozen witnesses took the stand, including several judges and Sheriff Ed Gonzalez.

The lawsuit was filed last year by two civil rights groups - Texas Fair Defense Project and Civil Rights Corps - and local law firm Susman Godfrey on behalf of Maranda Odonnell, a single mother who was held for two days on a charge of driving without a valid license because she couldn't afford the $2,500 bail.

The suit names top county officials and a string of judges and hearing officers.

Similar lawsuits filed on behalf of two other people were merged into the case in August.

The ruling notes that the case is "difficult and complex," and is among many similar cases filed across the country challenging bail practices.

The order notes that the judge reviewed "many hours of footage" from 2,300 recordings of misdemeanor probable cause hearings that were placed into evidence. The ruling cites two videos as being "illustrative" of the problems faced by misdemeanor defendants.

In one case, a man whose criminal history was wrongly calculated by the hearing officer eventually pleaded guilty to gain release. In another, the hearing officer laughed and made a "wisecrack" that he felt better that the man was returning to jail.

The ruling also cites reports showing that of the 50,000 people arrested in Harris County on Class A or Class B misdemeanors in 2015, fewer than 10 percent were released on unsecured personal bonds.

She concluded that even if hearing officers were not acting deliberately, the county had been using money bail as a form of preventive detention.

Even some of the officials named as defendants praised the ruling.

Gonzalez, through a spokesman, said his office would immediately begin looking into how to implement the order. The sheriff also filed court papers indicating he supports an end to costly bail for indigent defendants.

"It's my hope this decision and decisions like it will eradicate the notion of wealth-based detention from our legal system," said Alec Karakatsanis, of the Civil Rights Corp.

Looking ahead

Neal Manne, a managing partner at Susman Godfrey, which is donating its services, said the judge recognized the crushing impact that cash bail can have on poor people.

"We showed in effect the money bail system was being used to achieve something the Texas Constitution does not permit," Manne said.

Christina Swarns, head of litigation for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund in New York, likewise praised the ruling.

"One's punishment should fit their crime, not their bank account," Swarns said. "Harris County's bail practices unlawfully create a cycle of poverty for those who cannot afford the cost of their freedom."

Harris County had been in the process of trying to reform its bail schedule with the help of a multimillion dollar grant at the time the lawsuit was filed, and reforms are set to take effect July 1.

Harris County has already spent more than $2 million fighting the lawsuit, and recently hired an additional attorney to help with appeals.

Soard said the county had retained veteran D.C. appellate lawyer Charles Cooper to represent the interests of 15 county criminal court of law judges who oppose the lawsuit.

Cooper will advise whether the judges should appeal the ruling. The remaining court of law judge testified at the injunction hearing that although he is a defendant in the lawsuit, he supports changing the way bail is issued.

The remaining defendants for the county have appellate counsel from the firms who will review the question of an appeal, he said.