Every one of the 18 MPs who left their political parties amid the Brexit turmoil lost their seat.

Former attorney general and Tory MP Dominic Grieve was one of the night's most prominent casualties, after failing to overturn the Conservative majority in Beaconsfield.

The arch-Remainer lost the whip after rebelling over a No Deal Brexit and arguing for a second referendum, prompting him to stand as an independent instead.

Former Tory minister and ardent Remainer Anna Soubry was among the 18 MPs who had left their political parties amid the Brexit turmoil and who have now lost their seats

Also losing her seat following Boris Johnson's victory was Liberal Democrat candidate Luciana Berger

Despite efforts to win over his former constituents by bringing actor – and Remainer – Hugh Grant out on the campaign trail, he lost to Tory candidate Joy Morrissey.

He was joined by former justice secretary David Gauke who also lost the whip and failed to win South West Hertfordshire.

Former Tory minister Anne Milton lost Guildford after having the whip removed over a No Deal rebellion. Despite some of their colleagues being readmitted to the party after the row, she, Mr Grieve and Mr Gauke were forced to stand as independents.

Also left without a job were other former MPs who quit their parties to join new ones. Many joined the Liberal Democrats, which endured a disastrous night.

Former Tory minister and ardent Remainer Anna Soubry became one of the biggest scalps of after losing her Leave-voting seat of Broxtowe.

Liberal Democrat candidate Chuka Umunna was also among the 18 to lose his seat following the Prime Ministers win

Former justice secretary David Gauke also lost the whip and failed to win South West Hertfordshire

She was among a string of MPs who left their parties to form The Independent Group, briefly known as the Tiggers before a disastrous rebrand as Change UK.

Chuka Umunna and Luciana Berger joined the group after leaving Labour, before going on to leave the Tiggers for the Lib Dems.

Both duly failed to win in their new constituencies in the capital. Though the pro-EU party had high hopes of winning the City of London and Finchley, Mr Umunna and Miss Berger were beaten to both seats by Tory candidates.

Former Conservative politicians Sam Gyimah, Sarah Wollaston, Phillip Lee and Antoinette Sandbach also switched to the Lib Dems.

They lost their bids as Kensington, Totnes, Wokingham and Eddisbury all went to the Tories. Former Labour MP Angela Smith also became a Liberal Democrat – and also lost in Altrincham and Sale West.

Former attorney general and Tory MP Dominic Grieve was also among the 18 MPs to lose his seat

Other independents included veteran former Labour man Frank Field, who resigned from Labour in protest at Jeremy Corbyn's leadership. He failed to keep Birkenhead. And former Tigger Gavin Shuker lost to Labour in Luton South.

Former Labour MPs and remaining Change UK candidates Mike Gapes and Chris Leslie also lost their bids to Labour candidates in Ilford South and Nottingham East.

Disgraced former Labour MP Chris Williamson – who resigned over allegations of anti-Semitism – received just 635 votes in his seat of Derby North.

Ivan Lewis, who was suspended by Labour after being accused of sexual misconduct, lost Bury South. And Roger Godsiff, a Labour MP who was deselected over an LGBT row, also failed to win Birmingham Hall Green.

The developments are likely to deter MPs from leaving their parties in the future. The risk of a repeat of such party-swapping seen over this period is now likely to be low after all Tory MPs signed up to a pledge to deliver Brexit.

Remainer rebels are crushed in election night rout - and only FOUR of the 21 Tories stripped of the whip for voting against Boris Johnson's Brexit bill are still MPs

by Joel Adams and Ed Riley

Tory Remainer rebels who were booted out of the party, as well as centrist refugees from Corbyn's Labour, were given a thrashing by the voters last night.

Despite high profiles, disproportionate media attention, and backing from celebrities including Hugh Grant, this morning many former Remain MPs have transformed from household name to political irrelevance.

Former attorney general Dominic Grieve, mastermind of so many Parliamentary blocking tactics, was booted out by the Tory voters in Buckinghamshire while fellow ringleader David Gauke got short shrift in neighbouring Hertfordshire.

Former Labour shadow business secretary Chuku Umunna failed to find a plurality of support anywhere - despite changing parties twice and switching constituencies in a desperate attempt to find voters he would deign to represent.

Former Tory Remainers David Gauke, Anna Soubry, Anne Milton, Antoinette Sandbach, and Sam Gyimah were also among those who got the chop, along with respected former Labour MPs Luciana Berger and Frank Field.

Of the 21 Tory MPs stripped of the whip in September for voting against Boris Johnson's Brexit bill, only four are still MPs.

1. The former Tory AG who wrote Parliament's anti-Brexit playbook

Former Conservative attorney general Dominic Grieve lost his seat in Beaconsfield

Dominic Grieve angered the voters of Beaconsfield, one of the safest Tory seats in the country, with his leading role in the Parliamentary efforts to frustrate or delay Brexit.

The lawyer, who served as Attorney General under David Cameron for four years had represented the seat since 1997 and won in 2017 with 65.3 per cent, a massive 36,559 votes.

He was stripped of the whip by Boris Johnson for voting against his Brexit bill, and last night picked up only 29 per cent of the vote (16,765), losing to the Tory candidate who picked up 56 per cent (32,477).

Speaking ahead of the results he told Sky News he did not expect to win against the Conservative candidate.

He said: 'It is a pretty tall order anyway to take on a 25,000 Conservative majority that I built up over 22 years, and the area is deeply Conservative.'

Asked why he had bothered to run, Grieve said: 'Because it was a debate which was well worth having and has to be had, and indeed this election is not going to resolve it; if anything, it shows an even higher polarisation.

'But I am very worried about our country's future, I think it's at serious risk, both in the quality of life of its citizens and indeed our future as a United Kingdom.'

2. The Gauke, uncorked, goes flat

David Gauke, former treasury minister and Justice Secretary, lost by 14,408 votes

'Uncork the Gauke' was the cry of Tory backbenchers when Hertfordshire South West MP David Gauke, widely respected as a safe pair of hands at half a dozen Whitehall departments, came to the dispatch box.

But as a ringleader of a band of Remainer rebels dubbed 'the Gaukeward squad' he became a thorn in the government's side and was stripped of the whip.

Yesterday he managed to get 26 per cent of the vote in Hertfordshire South West (15,919) but the candidate who replaced him flying Tory colours got 50 per cent (30,327).

3. 'Future Labour leader' who lost his party, his seat, and the election

Nickie Aiken takes seat for the Conservatives with Libdem candidate Chuka Umuna 4000 votes behind

Former shadow business secretary Chuka Umunna was considered a leading light of the next generation of Blairites and a potential leader in waiting. He even stood briefly for the leadership before standing down, in 2015.

Frustrated with the party's new direction under Jeremy Corbyn he defected from Labour co co-found The Independent Group in February 2019.

In June he left TIG (by then renamed Change UK) to sit as an independent when the party failed to win a single seat in the 2019 European Elections,.

But just a week later, Umunna joined the Liberal Democrats.

He declined to contest his old Labour seat of Streatham, which he had held for nine years, instead running in the heavily-Remain Cities of London and Westminster.

But he still lost to the Tory candidate by nearly 4,000 votes.

4. Jewish MP ostracised from Corbyn's Labour left without a seat

Luciana Berger experienced and fought anti-Semitism in Labour before defecting to the Liberal Democrats but despite running in heavily Jewish Finchley and Golders Green she lost

Jewish MP Luciana Berger received death threats and endless online abuse while a Labour MP and was praised for her tireless campaign to publicise and fight the scourge of anti-Semitism in Corbyn's Labour party.

But frustrated by a lack of support from the leadership she left along with colleagues to co-found The Independent Group, and later left to join the Liberal Democrats.

Highly respected and well-liked especially in the Jewish community for her principled stand, she ran in Finchley and Golders Green, one of the most Jewish constituencies in the country.

But she could only pick up 32 per cent of the vote (17,600) losing to Tory incumbent Mike Freer by 6,500 votes.

5. Tory business minister turned party leader is now a private citizen

Anna Soubry, the former minister who came to lead the Change UK group lost her seat

Anna Soubry, who left the Tories in February, lost her Broxtowe constituency in Nottinghamshire, securing just 4,668 seats.

It was a complete humiliation for the leader of the Independent Group for Change, who saw her Tory rival Darren Henry triumph with 26,602 votes.

Labour's Greg Marshall pushed Soubry into third after he received 21,271 votes. Her share of the vote was only 8.45 per cent.

6. Tory rebel who said election would be 'most important of lifetime'

Antoinette Sandbach had the whip removed and came third behind Tory and Labour yesterday

Former Tory MP Antoinette Sandbach joined the Liberal Democrats last month, and was one of 21 Tories who had the party whip removed after rebelling against the government in a Commons vote intended to block a no-deal Brexit.

Her Cheshire seat of Eddisbury went to Conservative Edward Timpson with 30,095 votes, followed by Labour's 11,652. Sandbach received 9,582 votes.

After the results were announced she thanked her supporters on Twitter and added: 'I could not vote for a deal which risks the break up of the UK, and that responsibility passes now to others.

'I want to thank everyone who supported me and my great team who worked so hard.'

7. Former minister who made brief abortive bid to be party leader

Sam Gyimah stood for the Conservative Party leadership before being kicked out of the Conservative Party for voting against Brexit. He came third in his seat

Ex-Tory minister Sam Gyimah was a distant third in his constituency. The 43-year-old, who briefly stood in the race to become party leader after Theresa May quit, switched to the Lib Dems in September.

He was one of the 21 Tories who had the whip removed after rebelling against Johnson. Last December he quit as science and universities minister in a row over Theresa May's Brexit deal.

Gyimah was standing in the affluent west London seat of Kensington, which voted 69 per cent Remain in the 2016 referendum. The Tories won it by 150 votes, scooping 16,768 to Labour's 16,618. Gyimah won just 9,312 votes.

8: End of the road for veteran MP who quit party over anti-Semitism

Labour veteran Frank Field (left, with Corbyn in September 2016) quit his party to stand for the Social Justice Party in the Birkenhead seat he held for

Veteran MP Frank Field, who has held Birkenhead for Labour since 1979 before he resigned the whip last year, lost his seat at the Social Justice Party candidate.

Field, who during his time as chair of the powerful pensions select committee, fought a campaign against retail tycoon Sir Philip Green over the collapse of BHS, quit Labour last year, saying it had become a 'force for anti-Semitism'.

After 40 years as the town's MP, the Brexit backing politician who supported Boris Johnson's deal to leave the EU, came second on 7,285, more than 17,000 adrift of the Labour candidate who took 24,990 votes.

Speaking after his defeat he said: 'Boris Johnson holds the key to number 10 courtesy of Jeremy Corbyn.'

Independent Group defectors who found no independent support

In February Tory and Labour defectors joined forces to create The Independent Group - not a single one of them is an MP today

Gavin Shuker (L), Chris Leslie (C) and Mike Gapes (R) all defected from Labour to TIG and lost

In addition to Independent Group leader Anna Soubry all three defectors who fought the election for TIG - former Labour MPs Gavin Shuker, Chris Leslie and Mike Gapes – lost their seats to candidates in their former parties last night.

Shuker defected from Labour and stood as an independent after a brief spell with Change UK in between. He finished sixth in his Luton South seat, behind Best4Luton's candidate.

Mr Leslie won a majority for Labour in 2017, but was beaten into fourth place last night. The seat was won by Labour's Nadia Whittome.

After losing his seat in Nottingham East, he tweeted: 'We warned this would happen. We tried everything we could to prevent the hard-left self-indulgence within the Labour party.

'And now the country will pay the price. I'm so sorry too few within Labour took a stand with us, when it would have mattered.'

Mike Gapes accused Labour of 'left-wing extremism' and quit the party after 27 years. He lost his Ilford seat to Labour's Sam Tarry, receiving fewer than 4,000 votes.

Tweeting after the exit poll, he said he had been a Labour candidate in Ilford North in 1983 when under 'the decent patriotic Michael Foot we had a terrible result'.

He added: 'It looks like Corbyn will drag Labour down to an even worse result than 1983 tonight'.

The new Liberal Democrats who find themselves newly unemployed

Former Labour MP Angela Smith joined the Lib Dems but is a former MP today after losing

The Lib Dems enjoyed a string of defections through the short course of the last Parliament, swelling their ranks to 20.

But after the voters had their say they were back down to 11 - one fewer than after their disastrous 2017 result.

In addition to the four named above - Chuka Umunna, Luciana Berger, Sam Gyimah, and Antoinette Sandbach - Angela Smith (Lab) and Tories Sarah Wollaston and Phillip Lee hitched their wagons to Jo Swinson's party.

All of them lost their seats.

And the independent Independents who are now looking for a job

Anne Milton, who had the Tory whip removed for voting against Boris Johnson's Brexit deal, stood as an independent in her former seat and lost.

Meanwhile, Tory former MPs who lost the whip but stood down from the Commons include former Chancellor Phillip Hammond, Winston Churchill's grandson Sir Nicholas Soames, and anti-Brexit strategist Oliver Letwin.