A Comparison of The Book of Mormon and The Late War Between the United States and Great Britain first published Jan 11, 2014 last edited Mar 9, 2014

Joseph most likely grew up reading a school book called The Late War by Gilbert J. Hunt and it heavily influenced his writing of The Book of Mormon.

Note: Some of these parallels were found through manual search, but were deemed interesting enough to highlight here.

In October 2013, the authors conducted a data analysis comparing The Book of Mormon to over 100,000 books from the pre-1830's era. Out of the top matches, we discovered a book called The Late War Between the United States and Great Britain , a scriptural style account of the War of 1812 published in New York in 1816. Between 1817 and 1819 it was marketed "for the use of schools throughout the United States" under the title The Historical Reader .

If a 4 word phrase (4-gram) showed up less than once per thousand books, we considered it to be a rare 4-gram . After all biblical matches were removed from the comparison, the computer algorithm found over 100 rare 4-grams shared by both The Book of Mormon and The Late War . To put this into perspective, we found that The Late War contained more rare 4-gram connections to The Book of Mormon than 99.999% of the other books published before 1830. For comparison purposes, we chose an arbitrary book from Joseph Smith's time, Pride and Prejudice , and compared it to The Book of Mormon . The comparison showed a very low number of rare 4-gram matches per 1,000 words. The Late War , on the other hand, scored significantly higher:

While the above parallels are interesting, we believe that the more powerful connection between the two texts is the computer-aided discovery of matching, rare 4-grams.

While chiasmus is a pattern that shows up in many English texts, some consider it to be an important marker that differentiates modern and ancient styles of writing. We don't believe this is the case—contains several significant chiastic structures. For instance:

Interestingly, an academic in New York named Samuel Mitchill wrote a letter of endorsement for Hunt's work, published in the preface of The Late War . Mitchill was pleased that a historian had used the "scriptural style" as a popular means of encouraging children to turn to the Holy Scriptures. When Joseph sent Martin Harris to seek endorsements for The Book of Mormon , one of the people he visited was the same Samuel Mitchill. Could Joseph have sought Mitchill's endorsement because of his support for The Late War , a book that held similarities to The Book of Mormon?

We believe that like all creative works, The Book of Mormon is a remix —it was remixed from ideas and books contemporary to Joseph. One of those books was Gilbert J. Hunt's The Late War Between the United States and Great Britain , a historical account of the War of 1812 published in New York in 1816. Between 1817 and 1819 it was marketed "for the use of schools throughout the United States" under the title The Historical Reader . It was a historical account of the then-recent War of 1812, written in the "scriptural style". The Book of Mormon is one book of several in this genre. When The Late War was published, Joseph would have been 12 years old.

The War of 1812 was to Joseph Smith what 9/11 was to many of us—very real, and very recent in memory. Why does The Book of Mormon include so much war? Could the War of 1812 have played a part in inspiring Joseph's imagination when he wrote The Book of Mormon?

Ultimately, Mitchill (as well as Charles Anthon), did not endorse The Book of Mormon.

The endorsements in The Late War are clearly an effort to give the book legitimacy, hence improving its marketability. Hunt is quite wise in getting the endorsement of Mitchill, who was well-known as a sort of human encyclopedia. The endorsement from Picket (also in the preface to The Late War ) would get him into the educational market, as well. Joseph Smith may well have thought that such an endorsement from Mitchill and Anthon would legitimize the book. — grindael

Joseph Smith probably directed Martin Harris to visit Samuel L. Mitchill, in addition to Martin's famed visit to Professor Charles Anthon. From the Palmyra Freeman, 1829:In the preface to the 2nd and 3rd editions of Gilbert J. Hunt's, Samuel Mitchill endorsed Hunt's book which was "written in the ancient historical style" or "scriptural style" (the description changed between editions). Mitchill wrote:Hunt explained his own intention as well:Samuel Mitchill was a strong proponent of a theory of the origins of Ancient Americans that is largely compatible with the Book of Mormon:

Another way to look at this question is, given that the War of 1812 was such a prominent historical subject, one that would have been taught and discussed at great length during Joseph Smith's teenage years, what textbook other than The Late War was more likely to have been used to cover this subject matter by teachers he knew?

It seems the book was widely available at the right time and in the right location, but did it reach Joseph Smith in particular? The probabilistic evidence for this is clear from this research; however, there is further reason to believe that Joseph had access to the book: he was closely connected to at least 3 teachers. His father, Joseph Smith Sr. was a teacher during the off season. His wife, Emma Hale Smith, was also a teacher. In addition, Oliver Cowdery 's involvement began when as a traveling teacher he lodged with the Smiths.

There are 158 copies of The Late War listed in the world's largest open library system, the OCLC:

How available wasto students of New York? Hunt intended to sell the book to students, but did it reach his intended audience?

Both books share a striking similarity in their describing the Americas. The types of things worthy of mention are alike—metals, fruits, and animals. It's noteworthy that The Book of Mormon lists European animals instead of animals native to America (such as the tapir); and, oddly, in the same section that The Book of Mormon mistakenly includes elephants as native to America, The Late War mentions the elephant in comparison to mammoths.

And I did teach my people to build buildings, and to work in all manner of wood, and of iron, and of copper, and of brass, and of steel, and of gold, and of silver, and of precious ores , which were in great abundance .

Some may argue that this structure is a scène a faire—that this is a basic structure common to many battles; however, there are distinctive elements to these descriptions that raise the question, how could two battles separated by nearly 2,000 years be described by two different people in so similar a manner? In the context of the strong evidence of a connection between The Late War and The Book of Mormon is it reasonable to conclude that the structure is coincidental rather than imitative?

The elements of the Croghan/Moroni battles are very similar, sharing phraseology and a basic plot: the protagonist men prepare for battle at their fort, the enemy attacks, the ditches around the fort are filled with the enemy's bodies, the enemy flees into the forest.

And it came to pass that the captains of the Lamanites brought up their armies before the place of entrance, and began to contend with the Nephites, to get into their place of security; but behold, they were driven back from time to time, insomuch that they were slain with an immense slaughter . Now when they found that they could not obtain power over the Nephites by the pass, they began to dig down their banks of earth that they might obtain a pass to their armies, that they might have an equal chance to fight; but behold, in these attempts they were swept off by the stones and arrows which were thrown at them; and instead of filling up their ditches by pulling down the banks of earth, they were filled up in a measure with their dead and wounded bodies . Thus the Nephites had all power over their enemies; and thus the Lamanites did attempt to destroy the Nephites until their chief captains were all slain; yea, and more than a thousand of the Lamanites were slain; while, on the other hand, there was not a single soul of the Nephites which was slain. There were about fifty who were wounded, who had been exposed to the arrows of the Lamanites through the pass, but they were shielded by their shields, and their breastplates, and their head-plates, insomuch that their wounds were upon their legs, many of which were very severe. And it came to pass, that when the Lamanites saw that their chief captains were all slain they fled into the wilderness . And it came to pass that they returned to the land of Nephi, to inform their king, Amalickiah, who was a Nephite by birth, concerning their great loss .

Thus they were prepared, yea, a body of their strongest men , with their swords and their slings , to smite down all who should attempt to come into their place of security by the place of entrance; and thus were they prepared to defend themselves against the Lamanites.

And the deep ditch that surrounded the fort was strewed with their slain and their wounded . So the host of Britain were dismayed and overthrown, and fled in confusion from the fort into the forest ; from whence, in the dead of the night, they went into their vessels, and departed from the place. Now the loss of the men of Britain was about an hundred two score and ten; and of the men of Columbia there was one slain and seven wounded.

It's interesting that The Book of Mormon doesn't include "dying" or "missing" in their battle numbers, and that they are reported, typically, as "slain", like The Late War . One interesting difference is that The Book of Mormon does not mention the "maimed", however.

Historical works describing the War of 1812 use quite a bit of variation in describing casualties. For instance:

And now, their preservation was astonishing to our whole army, yea, that they should be spared while there was a thousand of our brethren who were slain .

Of the people of Columbia two only were slain and seven maimed ! ! And the valiant deeds of Samuel gained him a name amongst the brave men of Columbia.

And they did make all manner of weapons of war. And they did work all manner of work of exceedingly curious workmanship .

And when Carden came on board the ship of the Columbia, he bowed his head, and offered to put his sword, of curious workmanship , into the hands of Decatur.

However, the people of Columbia were pleased with the noble conduct of Jones, and for his valiant acts they gave him a sword of curious workmanship .

The Late War does not include the phrase "stripling soldiers" like the Book of Mormon; however, it does share the same context as the distinctive Book of Mormon story: striplings in battle, including a band of 2,000 courageous soldiers who volunteer in a desperate fight for the freedom of their country against an oppressive king (Amalickiah / King George III).

And now it came to pass that Helaman did march at the head of his two thousand stripling soldiers, to the support of the people in the borders of the land on the south by the west sea.

And the vessels of war of Columbia that were upon the waters of the lake were not yet prepared for battle ; the name of the commander whereof was McDonough, (a stripling ).

And to a certain chief captain called William, whose sir-name was Hull, was given in trust a band of more than two thousand chosen men, to go forth to battle in the north.

And it came to pass in the commencement of the eighty and first year they did go forth again against this band of robbers , and did destroy many; and they were also visited with much destruction .

And it came to pass that it was expedient that there should be a stop put to this work of destruction ; therefore they sent an army of strong men into the wilderness and upon the mountains to search out this band of robbers , and to destroy them.

Now these things pleased the pirates and the cruisers and all the sea-robbers of Britain mightily, inasmuch as they could rob with impunity the commerce of Columbia, under the cloak of British honor.

But a valiant man, called Daniel, sir-named Patterson, went against them with his small fighting vessels, and scattered them abroad, and took their vessels, and destroyed their petty establishment of sea-robbery.

There are numerous references to destroying robbers in the Book of Mormon and none in the Bible. While there are no doubt other potential sources (and I wouldn't make the claim that the robbers in the Book of Mormon are solely based on this one passage) it is interesting that both the Late War and the Book of Mormon speak of going against the band of robbers and destroying them. — Hasa

Righteous Indians vs. Savage Indians

And it came to pass that after he had said all these things, and expounded them to the king, that the king believed all his words .

and [Ammon] also made known unto them concerning the coming of Christ ...

yea, having been instructed in the same knowledge of the Lord ...

And thus we see that, when these Lamanites were brought to believe and to know the truth , they were firm, and would suffer even unto death rather than commit sin; and thus we see that they buried their weapons of peace, or they buried the weapons of war, for peace.

And now it came to pass that when the king had made an end of these sayings, and all the people were assembled together, they took their swords, and all the weapons which were used for the shedding of man's blood, and they did bury them up deep in the earth.

Therefore the true believers in Christ, and the true worshipers of Christ, (among whom were the three disciples of Jesus who should tarry) were called Nephites, and Jacobites, and Josephites, and Zoramites.

And it came to pass that when they were buried in the deep, there was no water that could hurt them, their vessels being tight like unto a dish, and also they were tight like unto the ark of Noah ;

O Lord, behold I have done even as thou hast commanded me; and I have prepared the vessels for my people, and behold, there is no light in them. Behold, O Lord, wilt thou suffer that we shall cross this great water in darkness? And the Lord said unto the brother of Jared, What will ye that I should do that ye may have light in your vessels? For behold, ye cannot have windows , for they will be dashed in pieces; neither shall ye take fire with you, for ye shall not go by the light of the fire: for behold, ye shall be as a whale in the midst of the sea;

And the fish of the sea, even the mighty whales , fled from the noise of the ship.

Howsoever, they cut down the tall trees of the forest, and hewed them, and built many more strong vessels ; although they had no gophar-wood amongst them in these days. And they made stories to them, even to the third story, and they put windows in them, and they pitched them within and without with pitch; after the fashion of the ark .

In both books we have references to: thunder, large groups of people falling to the earth, rocks being raised and falling causing deaths, fragments of rocks, the face of the earth, and thick darkness which prevents anyone from seeing each other or anything around them. It is also interesting that there are mentions of sinking and drowning in the Book of Mormon which would make more sense ifhad been an influence, since it includes descriptions of water battles. — Hasa

And there was also a great and terrible tempest; and there was terrible thunder , insomuch that it did shake the whole earth as if it was about to divide asunder. And the city of Zarahemla did take fire. And the city of Moroni did sink into the depths of the sea, and the inhabitants thereof were drowned. And the earth was carried up upon the city of Moronihah, that in the place of the city there became a great mountain. And there was a great and terrible destruction in the land southward. But behold, there was a more great and terrible destruction in the land northward; for behold, the whole face of the land was changed, because of the tempest and the whirlwinds, and the thunderings and the lightnings, and the exceedingly great quaking of the whole earth ; And the highways were broken up, and the level roads were spoiled, and many smooth places became rough. And many great and notable cities were sunk , and many were burned, and many were shaken till the buildings thereof had fallen to the earth, and the inhabitants thereof were slain, and the places were left desolate. And behold, the rocks were rent in twain; they were broken up upon the face of the whole earth , insomuch that they were found in broken fragments, and in seams and in cracks, upon all the face of the land . And it came to pass that when the thunderings , and the lightnings, and the storm, and the tempest, and the quakings of the earth did cease—for behold, they did last for about the space of three hours; and it was said by some that the time was greater; nevertheless, all these great and terrible things were done in about the space of three hours—and then behold, there was darkness upon the face of the land . And it came to pass that there was thick darkness upon all the face of the land, insomuch that the inhabitants thereof who had not fallen could feel the vapor of darkness; And there could be no light, because of the darkness, neither candles, neither torches; neither could there be fire kindled with their fine and exceedingly dry wood, so that there could not be any light at all; And there was not any light seen, neither fire, nor glimmer, neither the sun, nor the moon, nor the stars, for so great were the mists of darkness which were upon the face of the land .

Both The Late War and The Book of Mormon share an anecdote of leaders considering a problem which has never been dealt with before. In The Late War, it is a military leader, captain Carden, who is troubled with the capture of a British war ship as he contemplates the geopolitical implications of the act. In The Book of Mormon, it is a spiritual leader, Alma, who contemplates what should be done with dissenters who are causing trouble in the church, in the context of separation of church and state.

The context for the passages in both books is people choosing sides in a civil war between one side that is loyal to a king and the other side that is in favor of "freedom" from kings. — Juggler Vain

[Moroni caused the flag to be] hoisted upon every tower which was in all the land, which was possessed by the Nephites; and thus Moroni planted the standard of liberty among the Nephites.

And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave. O'er the land of the free , and the home of the brave. O! thus be it ever when freemen shall stand , Between their lov'd home , and the war's desolation. Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the Heaven rescu'd land , praise the Power that hath made and preserv'd us a nation! Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, and this be our motto—" In God is our trust ;"

And it came to pass that thousands did flock unto his standard , and did take up their swords in the defence of their freedom, that they might not come into bondage.

But the army of Columbia rushed upon them with the fierceness of lions .

It does make sense if Joseph was being influenced by the Bible and The Late War . Interestingly, Joseph doesn't use 'eagle' (as does Hunt and the Bible) which wouldn't have been anachronistic in a Book of Mormon setting.

So for Joseph to have used lions figuratively is anachronistic in my opinion. It makes no sense for him to have used them, it makes no sense for Jesus to have spoken to the Nephites about Lions, since they wouldn't have been familiar with them, and it makes no sense for Mormon to have used them since he wouldn't have known about them either. (Or am I wrong?)

What strikes me about this is that there were actually no lions in the Americas at any time during the Book of Mormon period.

That they both use 'lion' isn't particularly strange since the bible is full of figurative language around the subject.

Before this computer-aided research, many researchers such as Vernal Holley in 1992 had speculated that there was a connection between Tecumseh and Teancum since both sounded similar, and both were connected to Moravian Town/Morianton. FairMormon responded to the Teancum/Tecumseh parallel this way:We were surprised, while reading The Late War, to discover Tecumseh and his army go to Moravian Town. In addition, their leader was slain in a similar way to Teancum. We do not believe Joseph plagiarized from The Late War, but that it may have influenced some of his wording or ideas.

But could Joseph have known about Tecumseh, Ontario? As a prophet of God, yes, but as a plagiarizer, unlikely. Tecumseh, Ontario did not get this name until 1912. ... Desperate to save this idea, other critics have suggested the town of Tecumseh, Michigan instead of the Tecumseh, Ontario, replacing a ridiculous candidate with one that is merely silly (and even further from Joseph Smith than its later Canadian cousin).

Tecumseh, the supposed origin of Teancum, requires considerable creativity to even make the words the same...

Christopher Columbus was a controversial figure—was he a brutal slave master, or an inspired leader? Whatever he was,andshare the same high regard for Columbus. The Late War esteems him so highly that,

Now when the people heard that Columbus had found a new land , they were astonished beyond measure, for it was many thousand miles off ; moreover, some of them strove to rob him of the honor, and he was treated wrongfully. But his name was lifted up above his enemies, and it shall not be lost.

While the 4th of July is not used in the Book of Mormon as a national holiday marking the beginning of the Reign of the Kings, it is however used in a phrase that links the two ideas--and this is consistent with our hypothesis that The Late War was previously read by Joseph Smith and subconsciously affected his choice of words and writing style in The Book of Mormon .

It is also interesting to note that both The Book of Mormon and The Late War not only replaced the monarchy with a free government, but also used the transition as a date marker. Both books count how many years had passed since the new government had started. Notice that the wording is very similar in both books:

Notice that the free government is the Nephite system of judges, which is supported by the freemen. The dynamics are similar in The Late War, where we find freemen fighting to maintain a free government in the Second War for American Independence against the servants of the King:

This change in the Nephite government was apparently devastating to those of high birth, because they later plotted to overthrow the free government and bring back the old system of Monarchy:

The Reign of the Judges was a government system based on Judges that supplanted the Reign of the Kings in The Book of Mormon.

However, the 4-gram, "seventh month, which is" turns out to be many times more rare than the actual date match itself. The fact that this rare 4-gram is accompanied by the exact same date makes it even more rare. This was manually discovered long after the computer algorithm had already established that The Late War was significantly connected to The Book of Mormon.

While it may seem odd that both books mention the same date, expressed in the same format, it's not impossible for this to show up by chance. For example the 4-gram phrase "of the seventh month" shows up numerous times in the bible which disqualified it from our initial search algorithm.

Not all books mention dates, but when they do they can be expressed in various formats:

And now my son, I have somewhat to say concerning the thing which our fathers call a ball , or director; our fathers called it Liahona, which is interpreted, a compass; and the Lord prepared it. And behold, there cannot any man work after the manner of so curious a workmanship . And behold, it was prepared to show unto our fathers the course which they should travel in the wilderness.

An early prototype of a clockwork Torpedo , with semi-spherical ends, circa 1810.Made of cork, copper and brass, within which is set a "piece of clockwork moved by a spring".

Didinspire Joseph to consider brass as a storage medium for the deeds of an ancient people?In addition to mentioning brass as a medium of record,refers to a "silver plate" awarded to Captain Oliver Perry from the people (the government of Pennsylvania).

And they brought a record with them, even a record of the people whose bones they had found; and it was engraven on plates of ore .

And it came to pass that the Lord commanded me, wherefore I did make plates of ore that I might engraven upon them the record of my people . And upon the plates which I made I did engraven the record of my father, and also our journeyings in the wilderness, and the prophecies of my father; and also many of mine own prophecies have I engraven upon them.

Likewise, the people gave him [Oliver Perry] much silver plate , with gravings thereon, mentioning his deeds .

Yea, and they also became idolatrous, because they were deceived by the vain and flattering words of the king and priests; for they did speak flattering things unto them.

And after there had been false prophets, and false preachers and teachers among the people, and all these having been punished according to their crimes ...

Now there were lying prophets among the savages, even as there were in the days of old, among the children of Israel; and they prophesied according to their own wishes;

and as he went forth amongst them, behold, he was run upon and trodden down, even until he was dead .

The War of 1812 has also been called the "2nd War of Independence" because it settled once and for all the sovereinty of the United States of America, and separated the nation from Great Britain. During this conflict, however, the question of loyalty arose among the colonists once more—would they be true to their new and fledling nation ("freemen"), or yield to the strong ties that they had to their mother country ("Tories")? This division plays out in The Book of Mormon as a battle of might and will between the "freemen" and the "king-men".

And except ye grant mine epistle, and come out and show unto me a true spirit of freedom, and strive to strengthen and fortify our armies, and grant unto them food for their support, behold I will leave a part of my freemen to maintain this part of our land, and I will leave the strength and the blessings of God upon them, that none other power can operate against them

With the spirit of freemen , they grasped their weapons of war in their hands, and went out to meet them without fear ; resolved to conquer or to die.

Nevertheless, David said unto the captains of the king, Come singly, and not like cowards, upon me ; then shall ye receive the thunders of the freemen of Columbia abundantly; And her liberty shall not suffer, although in the contest ye may destroy my vessel upon the face of the waters.

Nevertheless, it was so that the freemen who came to the defence of the city, built strong holds and forts, and raised up fortifications in abundance, inasmuch as the whole place was as it were one camp.

And it came to pass that Moroni commanded that his army should go against those king-men , to pull down their pride and their nobility and level them with the earth, or they should take up arms and support the cause of liberty.

Inasmuch as he put the wise men of the king to their wits end ; for they were unable to out-sail him and take him captive.

The Late War reveals a cultural attitude toward women that is shared by The Book of Mormon. Women are often spoken of as "tender" and "fair", prey to the lusts of men.

And I will not suffer, saith the Lord of Hosts, that the cries of the fair daughters of this people, which I have led out of the land of Jerusalem, shall come up unto me against the men of my people, saith the Lord of Hosts. For they shall not lead away captive the daughters of my people because of their tenderness , save I shall visit them with a sore curse, even unto destruction; for they shall not commit whoredoms , like unto them of old, saith the Lord of Hosts. ... Ye have broken the hearts of your tender wives , and lost the confidence of your children, because of your bad examples before them; and the sobbings of their hearts ascend up to God against you. And because of the strictness of the word of God, which cometh down against you, many hearts died, pierced with deep wounds.

And also it grieveth me that I must use so much boldness of speech concerning you, before your wives and your children, many of whose feelings are exceedingly tender and chaste and delicate before God, which thing is pleasing unto God;

Seven hundred and fifty of the savage warriors were found slain in battle; and two hundred two score and ten women and children became captives to the army of Columbia.

And the old men, the little children, and the women, yea, the fair daughters of Columbia, were compelled to fly from the wickedness of the barbarians .

Word phrases that match exactly are bold red ; words that are synonymous , or have some connection (but not an exact match) are italicized orange .

Note that there are perhaps thousands of matching phrases between The Late War and The Book of Mormon , but we do not consider "common phrases" to be important in linking the two books. For example, phrases from the bible that are found in both books such as "Blessed are the peace-makers, for they shall be called the children of God" do not meaningfully connect the two—it's simply understood that they have a common ancestor, and we ignore those influences.

(For further information about this graph, see Hidden in Plain Sight on AskReality .)

These phrases are—meaning that they are not found in other contemporary books of Joseph's time, and that they are not found in the King James Version of the bible. The strength of the argument thatis a remix ofrests on the cumulative improbability of finding all of these phrases somewhere else. No other book, aside from The First Book of Napoleon, approaches the density of rare phrases (4grams, specifically) that are shared by

The Late War Book of Mormon

Location Quotation Quotation Location

34:10 But it came to pass, in the same year, that the people of Columbia were revenged of the evil: And it came to pass that in the same year that the people of Nephi had peace restored unto them, Alma 50:37

2:9 And if, peradventure, the people of Columbia go out not to battle against the king, then will the manifold wrongs committed against them be increased tenfold, and they shall be as a mock and a bye-word among all nations. And because they turned their hearts aside, saith the prophet, and have despised the Holy one of Israel, they shall wander in the flesh, and perish, and become a hiss and a by-word, and be hated among all nations. 1 Nephi 19:14

3:33-34 Now the smooth words of Satan tickled Caleb mightily, and he hearkened unto the counsel of the wicked one. For the good counsel given unto him was as water thrown upon a rock. Laman was angry with me, and also with my father; and also was Lemuel, for he hearkened unto the words of Laman O that cunning plan of the evil one! O the vainness, and the frailties, and the foolish of men! When they are learned, they think they are wise, and they hearken not unto the counsel of God, for they set it aside, supposing they know of themselves. Wherefore, their wisdom is foolishness, and it profiteth them not. 1 Nephi 3:28, 2 Nephi 9:28

15:2,7 It came to pass, that one of the strong ships of the king had approached the country of the south, which lieth many thousand miles off... (A place unknown to the children of Israel, in the days of Moses) And it came to pass that one other ship also did sail forth; and whither she did go, we know not. And it came to pass that in this year there were many people who went forth into the land northward. Alma 63:8-9

23:24-25 The officers and soldiers of Columbia fought bravely, and there were many slain and wounded on both sides; Nevertheless, the army of the United States rested nigh unto the place. And it came to pass that they fought on both hands with exceeding fury; and there were many slain on both sides; yea, and Moroni was wounded and Jacob was killed. And it came to pass that he fought with Lib, in which Lib did smite upon his arm that he was wounded; nevertheless, the army of Coriantumr did press forward upon Lib, that he fled to the borders upon the seashore. Alma 52:35, Ether 14:12

43:11-12 For, in the mean time, Hardy had sent a messenger to the inhabitants, saying, If ye will not prove wicked, and will refrain from sending your evil torpedoes amongst our vessels, then will we spare your town. But God did call on men, in the name of his Son, (this being the plan of redemption which was laid) saying: If ye will repent and harden not your hearts, then will I have mercy upon you, through mine Only Begotten Son; Alma 12:33

26:1 AND it came to pass, on the fourth day of the seventh month, which is the birth day of Columbian Liberty and Independence, I went on rebelling against God, in the wickedness of my heart, even until the fourth day of this seventh month, which is in the tenth year of the reign of the judges. Alma 10:6

3:32 Then shall thy name be proclaimed with the sound of the trumpet throughout all the earth ; and thou shalt be a prince and a ruler over this people. ...on the morrow I shall proclaim unto this my people out of mine own mouth that thou art a king and a ruler over this people, whom the Lord our God hath given us. Mosiah 1:10

2:8 Nevertheless, the lamb shall not be slain; for the Lord will be his deliverer. Now we see that Ammon could not be slain, for the Lord had said unto Mosiah, his father: I will spare him, and it shall be unto him according to thy faith—therefore, Mosiah trusted him unto the Lord. Alma 19:23

53:4 So it came to pass, that they gathered together their army ... and the name of the chief captain of the navy was Cochrane And it came to pass that they gathered themselves together, and did consecrate Amlici to be their king. And it came to pass that they gathered together all their people; yea, all the people of the Lord ... Alma 2:9, Alma 27:14

35:42 For although the king, who calleth himself our father, across the great waters, did put the instruments of death into our hands, and give us the black dust in abundance; nevertheless he deceived us; And they journeyed in the wilderness, and were brought by the hand of the Lord across the great waters, into the land where Mosiah discovered them; Omni 1:16

19:3,7 And the vessels of war of Columbia that were upon the waters of the lake called Ontario, were commanded by a brave man, whose name was Chauncey. ... On the same day the sails of the vessels were spread to the winds of heaven, and they moved towards a place called Little York, in the province of Canada. And it came to pass that the wind did never cease to blow towards the promised land, while they were upon the waters; and thus they were driven forth before the wind; Ether 6:8

36:5 And in the hope that the war might speedily cease, and an end be made of the shedding of blood, the great Sanhedrim of the people wished to push their armies into the heart of the provinces of the king, even to Montreal. And it came to pass that Moroni and Pahoran went down with their armies into the land of Zarahemla, and went forth against the city, and did meet the men of Pachus, insomuch that they did come to battle. Alma 62:7

48:34-35 Now when the men of Columbia heard that Ross, the chief captain of the king, was slain, and the host of Britain was compelled to flee from before the city, they were exceedingly rejoiced. And the brave defenders of Baltimore had great praise and honor given them throughout the land. And it came to pass that when the servant of Laban beheld my brethren, he began to tremble, and was about to flee from before me and return to the city of Jerusalem. and they were exceedingly rejoiced because of the liberty which had been granted unto them. Behold, now it came to pass that the people of Nephi were exceedingly rejoiced, because the Lord had again delivered them out of the hands of their enemies; therefore they gave thanks unto the Lord their God; 1 Nephi 4:30, Mosiah 29:39, Alma 45:1

44:21 Lo! we are stronger than the host of Columbia; therefore, let us go with all our might against their chief city, and make capture thereof And thus we did go forth with all our might against the Lamanites, who were in the city of Manti Alma 58:13

49:15, p. 311 Now Lloyd, who commanded the Plantagenet, was the chief captain of the squadron of the king And thirty of the barbarians were slain, among whom was their chief captain, whose name was Rais Hammida Now Gid was the Chief Captain over the band which was appointed to guard them down to the land. Zerahemnah, who was their Chief Captain, or their chief leader and commander Alma 57:29, Alma 43:44

41:10 The huge engines of destruction roared as the loud thunder, and the blaze thereof was like unto flashes of lightning. and the brightness thereof was like unto the brightness of a flaming fire, which ascendeth up unto God forever and ever, and hath no end 1 Nephi 15:30

15:27 Now, after the servants of the king were taken from the wreck And it came to pass that all they who loved the king, when they heard these words, came forth and pursued after the servants of the king. Alma 47:28

10:19 Nevertheless, the same day a mighty host of savages and soldiers of the king, came forth again to battle, and rushed upon the people of the United States And it came to pass that on the morrow they did go again to battle, and great and terrible was that day Ether 15:17

53:17 However, he fought bravely against them, and slew numbers of them; [Moroni] did cause that his men should march forth against them, and slew many, and surrounded many others, and took them prisoners Alma 62:25

55:36 However, when he saw the strong ships of Columbia were about to destroy the town, he paid the money... And now it came to pass that while he was going about to destroy the church of God... Mosiah 27:10

p. 44 Footnote when a mighty and a blood-thirsty enemy appeared before his battlements They were a wild, and ferocious, and a blood-thirsty people Mosiah 10:12

40:3 And a part thereof moved towards Plattsburgh, on lake Champlain and a part thereof, brought forth wild fruit Jacob 5:45

38:23 He looked around, and behold! he saw two of the strong ships of Britain approaching And it came to pass that he turned him about, and behold, he saw through the cloud of darkness the faces of Nephi and Lehi Helaman 5:36

19:11 And the place where the host of Columbia landed was to the west of the town, about twenty and four furlongs Therefore, when ye are about twenty and four years old I would that ye should remember the things that ye have observed concerning this people Mormon 1:3

21:33 Nevertheless, they prevailed over him, and slew seven of his men, and wounded others I defended thy servants and thy flocks, and slew seven of their brethren with the sling and with the sword Alma 18:16

p. 314 the great Sanhedrim of the people honored him for his gallant exploits and gave unto him and his brave officers and mariners, an hundred thousand pieces of silver ...the first came and stood before my father, and gave unto him a book, and bade him that he should read 1 Nephi 1:11

34:5 Moreover, they were a nation of savages that dwelt in the back-woods and the wilderness round about the states of Georgia, Tennessee, and the Mississippi Territory. Therefore the Lamanites could have no more possessions only in the land of Nephi, and the wilderness round about. ... Alma 22:34

6:11 From this place, he sent forth a Proclamation, which the great Sanhedrim had prepared for him; and the wisdom thereof appeareth even unto this day. And the angel of the Lord spake unto me again, saying: Behold the world and the wisdom thereof 1 Nephi 11:35

11:4 [he made a proclamation,] and the words thereof pleased the young men, so that they went in numbers and joined Alexander the Lord God will deliver again the book and the words thereof to him that is not learned 2 Nephi 27:19

13:20 Now when Carden heard these words, his heart leaped with joy; Now when he had said these words, his heart was swollen within him, and he sunk again with joy; Alma 17:29

19:13 And their weapons of war were of curious workmanship, and they sent forth balls of lead; [Moroni and Pahoran] slew many of them, and took their provisions and their weapons of war. Alma 62:15

37:3 And they were eager to be led onto the battle ; but the term for which their services were engaged expired, and they returned every man to his own house. [King Benjamin] dismissed the multitude, and they returned, every one, according to their families, to their own houses. Mosiah 6:3

20:8 And the place was inhabited by wild savages, and they were naked. Now the heads of the Lamanites were shorn; and they were naked, save it were skin which was girded about their loins Alma 3:5, Mosiah 10:8

15:36 The wise men and the orators were mute; they gaped one upon another, and wist not what to say. And he shall stand with fear, and wist not what to say. and they durst not open their mouths, even one to another, and wist not what it meant Helaman 9:30, 3 Nephi 11:8

15:11 Therefore, if ye go over to fight against them, ye will be as sheep going to the slaughter, and ye shall never again return to the house of your fathers, for ye will be destroyed. And ye shall never endure the pains of death; ... 3 Nephi 28:8

44:11 [Washington] where the great Sanhedrim assemble themselves together. ... as often as it was in their power to assemble themselves together Mosiah 18:25

26:10 However, while they were yet carrying them away, there came a band of men after some years had passed away, there came a man among the people of Nephi Jacob 7:1

2:11 Gird on your swords and go forth to battle against the king; even against the strong powers of Britain; and the Lord God of Hosts be with you. and he went to battle against the king, Amgid, and they fought for the space of many years Ether 10:32

36:16 Wilkinson, the chief captain who went before the host of Columbia, had been sick many days, and was unable to go forth against them himself. yea, we will go forth against them in the strength of the Lord, and we will put an end to this great iniquity. Alma 61:18

13:30 But the storm arose, and the sea beat upon the vessels, and they were cast away, and they parted asunder, upon an island which lieth far to the south, and both vessels were lost. and the wild branches began to be plucked off, and to be cast away; and they did keep the root and the top thereof, equal, according to the strength thereof. Jacob 5:73

19:6 And Henry and Zebulon, whose surname was Pike, were the chief captains of the host of Columbia. And thus he did appoint chief captains of the Zoramites, they being the most acquainted with the strength of the Nephites Alma 48:5

48:1 all the barbarities they committed at Washington, the chief city Amalickiah marched ... to the city of Nephi, which was the chief city Alma 47:20-21

48:34 the host of Britain was compelled to flee from before the city, they were exceedingly rejoiced. Yea, even those who had been compelled to flee from the land of Manti, ... And thus being exceedingly numerous Alma 59:6-7

16:37-38 Now the wise men of Britain heard those things with sorrow; and they spake one to another concerning the matter: But they wist not what to do; therefore there arose a warm dispute concerning the matter, but not unto bloodshed. Alma 51:4

20:6 it came to pass, in the fourteen hundred and ninety-second year of the Christian era, that he crossed the waters of the mighty deep they were driven by Lehi into the waters of Sidon, and they crossed the waters of Sidon. Alma 43:40

18:28 after she departed from the land of Columbia, and passed a great way to the south after he departed from the land of Middoni he was led by the Spirit to the land of Nephi Alma 22:1

49:40 From whence they sent forth the weapons of war and the black dust among the savages, to destroy the people of Columbia Therefore they sent their armies forth; yea, even the king himself went before his people; and they went up to the land of Nephi to destroy the people of Limhi. Mosiah 20:7

53:5 And they essayed to go against the city of New-Orleans Amalickiah would not suffer the Lamanites to go against the city of Nephihah to battle Alma 51:25

2:15 And the Decree was signed with the hand writing of James, the chief Governor of the land of Columbia. Now there was no lawyer nor judge nor high priest that could have power to condemn any one to death save their condemnation was signed by the governor of the land. 3 Nephi 6:22

49:45 Jackson, the chief captain ... granted unto him and his people, even the Spaniards. therefore the king of the Lamanites granted unto him and his brethren ... Mosiah 24:1

14:38 Neither did the sick and wounded escape, who had gathered themselves together in the houses, that they might be sheltered from the piercing cold And it came to pass that they had gathered themselves together upon the top of the mount which was called Antipas, in preparation to battle. Alma 47:7

8:5-6 And he spake unto his officers and his men that were under him, saying, Let every man be at his post ... when Jesus had said these words, he spake unto his disciples, one by one, saying unto them, What is it that ye desire of me, after I am gone to the Father? 3 Nephi 28:1

13:5 [Decatur] used no entreaty with his men, for they all loved him Teancum and his men, for they were great warriors Alma 51:31

53:24 and the host of Britain arrayed themselves in their might to go against the hold of Jackson with their whole force they did exert themselves in their might to do according to the words of Lachoneus 3 Nephi 3:16

1:14 the Prince Regent, who governed the nation in the name of the King his father; for, lo! the King was possessed of an evil spirit, and his son reigned in his stead. they were free from the oppressions of the king, his father; for that his father had granted unto him that he might reign over the people who were in the land of Ishmael Alma 21:21

7:16 Moreover, the cowardice of his heart caused him to make a league with the slaves of the king, in the which he gave unto them the whole territory over which the people had entrusted him to preside And he gave battle unto Shule the king, in the which he did obtain the land of their first inheritance Ether 7:16

7:20 And the band that went forth, was entrapped at Brownstown, by the cunning savages, that laid wait for them therefore [Limhi] gathered his people together, and laid wait for them in the fields and in the forests. Mosiah 20:8

41:8-9 and the battle waxed hot beyond measure. And it lasted for the space of seven hours And there began to be a war between the sons of Akish and Akish, which lasted for the space of many years Ether 9:12

46:18 Then began their destroying engines to utter their voices, and it was like unto the voice of mighty thunders he hath spoken unto you in a still small voice, but ye were past feeling, that ye could not feel his words; wherefore, he has spoken unto you like unto the voice of thunder, which did cause the earth to shake as if it were to divide asunder. And I looked and beheld a tree; and it was like unto the tree which my father had seen 1 Nephi 17:45, 1 Nephi 11:18

35:32 And so the judgment of the Lord fell upon them for their unrighteousness, and for their wicked and murderous deeds. and the severity of the Lord fell upon them according to his judgments, which are just Omni 1:22

18:9 Moreover, the captain of the Hornet was a valiant man, and his name was Lawrence. Now the leader of those who were wroth against their brethren was a large and a strong man; and his name was Amalickiah. Alma 46:3

2:7 But the wickedness of the kingdom of Great Britain... may be likened unto the fierce lion, when he putteth his paw upon the innocent lamb to devour him. And now, the words which I shall read are they which Isaiah spake concerning all the house of Israel; wherefore, they may be likened unto you, for ye are of the house of Israel. 2 Nephi 6:5

51:11 were my strength as unimpaired as my love for my country, and that soul which still animates me, ye would not have found me in the rostrum, but in the midst of the battle! For I am assured that if ye had known me ye would not have suffered that I should have worn these bands. For I am Ammon, and am a descendant of Zarahemla ... Mosiah 7:13

29:1 Nevertheless, it came to pass, that Harrison, the chief captain of the north west army, had placed a captain, a young man, in the hold called Fort Stephenson, to defend it. Nevertheless, it came to pass that Pahoran was appointed by the voice of the people to be chief judge and a governor over the people of Nephi. Helaman 1:5

7:47 Nevertheless, the people of the United States, even the great Sanhedrim, were not disheartened; neither were they afraid Nevertheless, the people of the church did have great joy because of the conversion of the Lamanites Helaman 6:3

6:15 Nevertheless, they knew not that they were to be entrapt. And they were a people friendly one with another; nevertheless they knew not God; Mosiah 24:5

5:4, 33:3 Now the armies of the king of Britain, are they not numbered and written in the book of Hume, the scribe? Now the army of Proctor was mighty; for he had a thousand horsemen Now the armies of the Lamanites, which had followed after the people of king Limhi, had been lost in the wilderness for many days. Now the army of Zerahemnah was not prepared with any such thing... Mosiah 23:30, Alma 43:20

20:11 Now the land of Columbia is a most plentiful land, yielding gold and silver, and brass and iron abundantly. Now the land of Moron, where the king dwelt, was near the land which is called Desolation by the Nephites. Ether 7:6

29:23 Now the loss of the men of Britain was about an hundred two score and ten ; and of the men of Columbia there was one slain and seven wounded. Now the loss of men, women and children on both sides was so great that Shiz commanded his people that they should not pursue the armies of Coriantumr; wherefore, they returned to their camp. Ether 14:31

38:39 Now when the people of Columbia beheld the valiant Porter, they were rejoiced with exceeding great joy; And now when the people had heard these words, they clapped their hands for joy, and exclaimed: This is the desire of our hearts. Mosiah 18:11

21:26 Britain in her folly had invented a new instrument of destruction, which they called Congreve Rockets the great plan of destruction which they had laid for those who believed in the words of the prophets had been frustrated 3 Nephi 1:16

28:23 Thus committing a sin, by violating the eighth commandmant of God, which saith, THOU SHALT NOT STEAL. For I remember the word of God, which saith by their works ye shall know them Moroni 7:5

54:10 the battering-rams of the king began to utter their noises Now the servants of the king began to murmur Alma 17:28

10:16, 54:21 and the army of the king fled: and Chrystie was wounded in the palm of his hand. for the warriors of the king fled in confusion Now the servants of the king fled; and the servants of Amalickiah raised a cry Alma 47:25

53:16 Jackson went out with his army against them Jacob, who was a Zoramite, would not come out with his army to meet them upon the plains. Alma 52:20

25:6 Now it came to pass, in the second year of the war, on the twenty-third day of the sixth month, And now it came to pass in the second month of this year, there was brought unto us many provisions Alma 56:27

13:28 Not many days after those things, it came to pass, that the hearts of the lords and the counsellors of Britain were rejoiced. And it came to pass that the hearts of the sons of Mosiah, and also those which were with them, took courage to go forth unto the Lamanites Alma 17:12

3:29 Inasmuch as it may cause the people to rise up one against another, and spill the blood of their own children. therefore, he was about to flatter away those people to rise up in rebellion against their brethren. Helaman 1:7

32:7 And when he saw the men of Columbia approach, he destroyed the fort Therefore when Zerahemnah saw the men of Lehi on the east of the river Sidon, ... they were struck with terror. Alma 43:53

3:35 But when the chief governor and the great Sanhedrim of the people saw the wickedness of Caleb, their hearts were moved with pity toward him and his followers Now it came to pass that when Nephi, the son of Nephi, saw the wickedness of his people, his heart was exceedingly sorrowful. 3 Nephi 1:10

3:5 For, verily, shall we suffer these cunning Yankees to beard the mighty lion ... ? And Alma cried, saying: How long shall we suffer these great afflictions, O Lord? Alma 14:26

38:26 Nevertheless, David said unto the captains of the king, Come singly, and not like cowards, upon me; then shall ye receive the thunders of the freemen of Columbia abundantly; by following your Lord and your Savior down into the water, according to his word, behold, then shall ye receive the Holy Ghost; yea, then cometh the baptism of fire and of the Holy Ghost; 2 Nephi 31:13

19:33-34 Behold! a man of Britain appeareth in the fort ; suffer me, I pray thee, to slay him, for he is busied with the destroying engines: But Zebulon said, Nay ; we are yet a great way off. I command you to bring Abinadi hither, that I may slay him: for he hath said these things, that he might stir up my people to anger Mosiah 11:28

15:12 Even as the wickedness of the war, which the great Sanhedrim have made, against the king, cannot prosper, so shall ye fall a prey to the folly thereof. Even as this scalp has fallen to the earth, which is the scalp of your chief, so shall ye fall to the earth except ye will deliver up your weapons of war and depart with a covenant of peace. Alma 44:14

55:29-30 And the beauty thereof was as if, from the blue and spangled vault of heaven, it had showered diamonds; And all the nations of the earth beheld the glory of Columbia. and the beauty thereof was far beyond, yea, exceeding of all beauty; and the whiteness thereof, did exceed the whiteness of the driven snow. 1 Nephi 11:8

26:24 So their chiefs and their counsellors rose up and made war against the province of Canada, and fought against the hired savages of the king of Britain. ... for [their laws] were established according to the minds of them which was their chiefs and their leaders. 3 Nephi 7:14

14:40 And the flames and the smoke arose! and their cries and their groans reached the high chancery of heaven, they did rend the air with their cries, and their howlings, and their mournings, for the loss of the slain of their people. Ether 15:17

42:20 he took and destroyed their strong holds, and slew many of them, [robbers began to sally forth from] their strong holds, and their secret places 3 Nephi 4:1

53:24 the captains and the host of Britain arrayed themselves in their might to go against the hold of Jackson with their whole force. and they did exert themselves in their might, to do according to the words of Lachoneus. 3 Nephi 3:16

23:24 The officers and soldiers of Columbia fought bravely, and there were many slain and wounded on both sides And it came to pass that they fought on both hands with exceeding fury; and there were many slain on both sides; yea, and Moroni was wounded and Jacob was killed. Alma 52:35

15:22 But when Bainbridge, who saw this, came down upon them a second time, they humbled themselves, and drew down the British cross. they humbled themselves, and put their trust in the true and living God Alma 5:13

42:6 And on the fifteenth day of the month, after they had prepared themselves, they rushed forth with all their might against the strong hold of Columbia. and they did follow Ammon, and they rushed forth with much swiftness, and did head the flocks of the king Alma 17:32

34:6 So about this time they took their weapons of death in their hands, and went against the strong hold of Fort Minims for they took their weapons of war, and they would that Helaman should be their leader Alma 53:19

33:30 when the Prince Regent, and the chief counsellors, and the wise men of Britain, heard the tidings, for a truth, that their fleet and their army were captured, they were astonished beyond measure. Now it came to pass that after Alma and his brethren, and his sons, had heard these prayers, they were astonished beyond all measure. Alma 31:19

17:17 the slaves of Britain ... for they were like unto a giant going out against a bulrush. And they were like unto the Jews, which were at Jerusalem 1 Nephi 2:13

39:9 And he received great praise throughout the land for this gallant exploit. there was a cry of war heard throughout the land; for behold, the armies of the Lamanites had come Alma 16:1-2

46:9-10 In the meantime, Downie, the chief captain of the fleet of Britain upon the lake, had prepared himself to assist Prevost on a certain day appointed. When he was to come out against the fleet of Columbia, which was commanded by the gallant Macdonough. And when we saw that they were making preparations to come out against us, behold, I caused that Gid, with a small number of men, should secrete himself in the wilderness Alma 58:16

7:26 Inasmuch as they were compelled to flee before the arms of Columbia: and Miller gat great honor thereby. And their armies were so numerous, that the remainder of the people of Nephihah were obliged to flee before them Alma 59:8

40:9 it came to pass, that Jacob, the chief captain of the host of Columbia, ... crossed the river and captured fort Erie And it came to pass that Jacob, being their leader ... led the Lamanites forth to battle Alma 52:33

45:23 Now the art of printing was not known among the ancients ; for it was invented in these latter days therefore Kishkumen was not known among the people of Nephi, for he was in disguise at the time that he murdered Pahoran Helaman 1:12

28:8 Moreover, the wickedness which had been committed at Hampton, was noised abroad, even from the shores of Virginia to lake Champlain. and whosoever of those which belonged to their band, should reveal unto the world of their wickedness and their abominations, should be tried, not according to the laws of their country, but according to the laws of their wickedness, which had been given by Gadianton and Kishkumen Helaman 6:24

53:16-17 But, that the host of Britain might be discomfited at the onset, Jackson went out with his army against them; but the men of war of tbe king were twofold greater than the men of Columbia, so Jackson was unable to drive them away. However, he fought bravely against them, and slew numbers of them; albeit, the slain and maimed of Columbia were about two hundred, so Jackson drew back to his entrenchments, and strengthened himself there. And it came to pass that Teancum made preparations to make an attack upon the city of Mulek, and march forth with his army against the Lamanites; but he saw that it was impossible that he could overpower them while they were in their fortifications; therefore he abandoned his designs, and returned again to the city Bountiful, to wait for the coming of Moroni, that he might receive strength to his army. Alma 52:17