RIO DE JANEIRO — Michel Temer, the fledgling president of Brazil, is furious.

One of his own cabinet ministers secretly recorded their conversation, accusing Mr. Temer of pressuring him to help an ally in a property deal. Now Mr. Temer’s enemies are seizing on the scandal to call for his impeachment — just months after he became president through the impeachment of his predecessor.

“A minister recording the president of the republic is appalling,” a grim-faced Mr. Temer, 75, said at a news conference this week. “Absolute indignation.”

Brazil’s leaders have been engaged in open political warfare for more than a year, culminating in the impeachment of Brazil’s first female president, Dilma Rousseff, and the triumph of Mr. Temer’s party only a few months ago.

But far from settling the matter, the maelstrom of Brazilian politics is entering yet another tumultuous phase: paranoia.