Stephanie Grisham, the White House press secretary, said the resolution only confirmed that the House investigation so far had been “an illegitimate sham” and would fail to provide the due process Mr. Trump deserved until the proceedings were nearly complete.

“The White House is barred from participating at all, until after Chairman Schiff conducts two rounds of one-sided hearings to generate a biased report for the Judiciary Committee,” she said.

The resolution envisions two distinct phases. In the first, the Intelligence Committee, led by Mr. Schiff — which until now has been conducting closed-door depositions about the Ukraine scandal — would hold one or more open hearings to take public testimony about the matter. His committee would then compile its findings in a repor t, and transmit transcripts and additional evidence to the Judiciary Committee .

In the second phase, the Judiciary Committee, led by Mr. Nadler, would receive the Intelligence Committee report and consider whether to recommend one or more articles of impeachment. The Judiciary panel could also seek additional evidence, including hearing from witnesses. Mr. Trump’s legal team would be permitted to participate in that round.

Still, a related set of procedures unveiled on Tuesday by the Judiciary Committee for its phase sought to use that due process right as leverage to get Mr. Trump to stop stonewalling congressional subpoenas. Mr. Trump has vowed to fight all subpoenas, and his White House counsel has directed executive branch employees not to participate in the effort.

The Judiciary Committee procedures would empower Mr. Nadler to block Mr. Trump’s lawyers from cross-examining witnesses if the president continued to try to prevent any of the four committees conducting impeachment-related investigations from gathering information from the executive branch. (Republicans on the committee could still do so.)

“Should the president unlawfully refuse to make witnesses available” or produce documents, the procedures said, Mr. Nadler could “impose appropriate remedies, including by denying specific requests by the president or his counsel under these procedures to call or question witnesses.”