A large portrait of former North Korean leader Kim Il Sung is surrounded by thousands in a parade in Kim Il Sung Square in Pyongyang at the culmination of the Workers’ Party congress.

May 10, 2016 A large portrait of former North Korean leader Kim Il Sung is surrounded by thousands in a parade in Kim Il Sung Square in Pyongyang at the culmination of the Workers’ Party congress. Linda Davidson/The Washington Post

North Korea has announced its first “five-year plan” since the 1980s, with leader Kim Jong Un issuing instructions “for developing the Korean revolution on a higher stage.”

The prominence put on the economy at the first congress of the ruling Workers’ Party to be held in 36 years underscores the emphasis that Kim, the third-generation leader of North Korea, has placed on improving living standards and, at the same time, pursuing nuclear weapons. But it is something of a risky move for Kim, because he could be held accountable for it.

Also at the congress, which got underway Friday, Kim said North Korea would not use its nuclear weapons unless its sovereignty was violated, a familiar refrain from Pyongyang, which presents its nuclear and missile program as necessary for self-defense. Kim has lauded North Korea’s advances in nuclear technology, as South Korean officials continue to warn that a fifth test could be imminent.

The surprisingly full remarks from Kim were reported on North Korea’s state television and in the official media Sunday. Foreign journalists allowed to travel to Pyongyang for the congress have not been given any access to the forum, apart from being taken to a street corner across from the venue.

The agenda for the congress includes a review of the party’s work and rules, the election of Kim to the top position in the party and the filling of other senior positions, according to the North’s official Korean Central News Agency.

The city of North Korea’s elites and loyal party members, Pyongyang, is hosting the congress of its ruling Workers’ Party for the first time in 36 years. (Jason Aldag,Anna Fifield/The Washington Post)

Analysts seized on the news that Kim has announced a plan for developing North Korea’s economy, which remains in dire shape despite growing modestly in the past few years. International sanctions imposed this year after nuclear and ballistic missile tests are expected to create additional challenges.

[North Korea’s leader hails nuclear and missile advances as rare party congress opens]

Michael Madden, who runs the North Korea Leadership Watch site, said the plan is a “big deal” because Kim is taking public responsibility for economic development, something his father never did.

It has appeared that Kim has been trying to rule like his grandfather, Kim Il Sung, who placed more importance on the Workers’ Party than on the military. His father and predecessor, Kim Jong Il, promoted a “military first” policy.

“The announcement of a five-year economic plan slightly proves the hypothesis that Kim Jong Un is ruling like his grandfather — he even appropriated a Kim Il Sung policy direction here — with more formal lines of control and authority like a five-year economic plan,” Madden said.

In an address at the congress, Kim announced a “five-year strategy for the state economic development from 2016 to 2020.” Such plans are commonplace in communist systems, but North Korea hasn’t produced one since the 1980s.

Kim said that the period since the last Workers’ Party congress was an “unprecedentedly grim struggle” in North Korea’s long history.

[Watch: The Post’s Anna Fifield in North Korea]

Over the next five years, North Korea should “fly the flag of victory” and become a “scientific and technological, economic and highly civilized power,” Kim said.

“It is imperative to carry through the five-year strategy for the state economic development from 2016 to 2020,” Kim reportedly told the congress. “It is necessary to further increase the might of the politico-ideological power and military power.”

Although there were few other details, analysts said it was remarkable that Kim had spoken publicly about his plans for economic growth. His father, who died in 2011 and presided over a period of economic devastation and widespread famine, did not utter public statements that he could be held accountable for.

But Kim Jong Un has been promoting a “byungjin” — or “simultaneous pursuit” — policy under which he has been trying to grow the economy and develop nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles to deliver them.

[North Korea’s ruling party is readying for a rare congress]

The South’s Bank of Korea estimates that the North’s economy has been growing at about 1 or 2 percent a year, but Andrei Lankov, a North Korea specialist at Kookmin University in Seoul, agrees with other analysts who think that its growth has been much higher, potentially as high as the 7 percent estimate from the Hyundai Economic Research Institute in Seoul.

Recent events also prove that North Korea is making technical advances on its weapons program. North Korean scientists would have learned more about their technical abilities, and shortcomings, during the nuclear test in January and a long-range rocket launch in February. They would also have learned from their more recent failed missile launches, Jeffrey Lewis, an arms control expert at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies in California, has said.

During the congress, Kim repeated the line that North Korea would not go on the offensive with its weapons.

“As a responsible nuclear weapons state, our republic will not use a nuclear weapon unless its sovereignty is encroached upon by any aggressive hostile forces with nukes,” Kim told the meeting, according to KCNA.

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