High-performance computing demand high-performance I/O. The industry has been struggling with improving high-bandwidth long-range solutions for some time. Last year saw the introduction of FPGAs from both Intel and Xilinx with 56G I/O. Long-reach 112G SerDes PHYs have been announced and will likely be in better shape with the upcoming 5-nanometer node. Looking a bit further out, industry roadmaps beyond 112G is filled with uncertainties. For longer distances that span dozens of meters or more, o...