What to Do?

Most potential solutions fall into three buckets: Raise the berm that supports the road; put the road on stilts and make it a causeway; reroute it entirely, skirting the marsh by looping it north along higher ground. All three would also widen the road, much of which is one lane in either direction and often choked with traffic.

No matter which plan is eventually chosen, it’s certain to be a multibillion-dollar project. And since there’s currently no money for that, there’s growing sentiment that the new 37 will need to be a toll crossing.

"Any proposal to elevate the highway through the marsh is a proposal to build a new road," says Shilling. "Because they’re not going to build it over the footprint of the existing road; it’s going to be alongside. So you’re talking about a whole new road."

Adding urgency to the issue is that even as the bay is rising, the land itself is sinking. On the north side of the highway are thousands of acres of marshes. Much of that land is undergoing restoration, and these wetlands could provide a buffer against rising seas if it weren’t for Highway 37 itself, which in its present form acts as a kind of dam between the marsh and the bay.

"It doesn't let the marsh do what it needs to do," says Susan Schwartzenberg. She studies the interaction of human and natural forces as head of the Fisher Bay Observatory at San Francisco’s Exploratorium.

Schwartzenberg says making the road an elevated causeway, like most of the Dumbarton Bridge, for instance, would allow the wetlands to do their job: delivering sediment to the Bay, re-establishing plants, and providing animal habitat.

"You see these swarms of birds, the gray, the brown hills in the background; it's a vista that everyone should love."

So, Schwarzenberg has been working with a world-class design team on a whole new vision for the highway, in the shape of an undulating ribbon that would accommodate cars, bikes and pedestrians. It would even have elevated observation decks and floating campgrounds, to reconnect people with the natural beauty of the North Bay marshes. They even have a name for their grand vision ...

The Grand Bayway

The name Grand Bayway "connotes movement," says Tom Leader, who heads TLS Landscape Architecture in Berkeley. He led one of the teams in the recent Resilient by Design Bay Area Challenge and envisions the north end of the bay as an “ecological Central Park.”

"That would include the needs of transportation for people trying to get to work, but in a more elegant interesting way, and people to have access and develop the whole cultural life that’s embedded here ... and, you know, living with water into the future."

That means, among other things, looking for ways to let the rising waters in, rather than pushing them back with seawalls and levees. Wetlands are a living example of that.

There are some short-term measures already partly funded and in the pipeline, including conversion of the intersection at Sears Point into a roundabout, and possibly adding a reversible commute lane to the eastern leg of the roadway. But those are interim measures designed to relieve traffic congestion. Caltrans says settling on a long-term design to address the threat from rising seas could be years away.

Shilling says one reason for that is that four counties and dozens of agencies are involved in the planning. And while he likes the idea of a Grand Bayway, he’s skeptical that it will happen.

"Institutions are the barrier," he says. "It's institutions not having the mechanisms for creative thinking for new ways of doing things to adapt to this new kind of condition."

This “new condition” of rising waters means that the “old” Highway 37 -- the one we still count on -- could be the first major thoroughfare that the Bay Area loses, completely, to climate change.