The Western Canon

by Harold Bloom

This page:

A. The Theocratic Age: 2000 BCE-1321 CE

B. The Aristocratic Age: 1321-1832

C. The Democratic Age: 1832-1900

D. The Chaotic Age: 20th Century

A. The Theocratic Age

"Since the literary canon is at issue here, I include only those religious, philosophical, historical, and scientific writings that are themselves of great aesthetic interest. I would think that, of all the books that are in this first list, once the reader is conversant with the Bible, Homer, Plato, the Athenian dramatists, and Virgil, the crucial work is the Koran... "I have included some Sanskrit works, scriptures and fundamental literary texts, because of their influence on the Western canon. The immense wealth of ancient Chinese literature is mostly a sphere apart from Western literary tradition and is rarely conveyed adequately in the translations available to us."

(Bloom, p. 531) The Ancient Near East Gilgamesh

Egyptian Book of the Dead

Holy Bible (King James Version)

The Apocrypha

Sayings of the Fathers ( Pirke Aboth )

( ) Ancient India (Sanskrit) Mahabharata

Bhagavad-Gita

Ramayana

The Ancient Greeks Homer Iliad Odyssey

Hesiod Works and Days Theogony

Archilochos, Sappho, Alkman

Pindar Odes

Aeschylus Oresteia Seven Against Thebes Prometheus Bound Persians Suppliant Women

Sophocles Oedipus the King Oedipus at Colonus Antigone Electra Ajax Women of Trachis Philoctetes

Euripides Cyclops Heracles Alcestis Hecuba Bacchae Orestes Andromache Medea Ion Hippolytus Helen Iphigenia at Aulis

Aristophanes The Birds The Clouds The Frogs Lysistrata The Knights The Wasps The Assemblywomen

Herodotus The Histories

Thucydides The Peloponnesian Wars

The Pre-Socratics (Heraclitus, Empedocles)

Plato Dialogues

Aristotle Poetics Ethics Hellenistic Greeks

Menander The Girl from Samos

"Longinus" On the Sublime

Callimachus Hymns and Epigrams

Theocritus Idylls

Plutarch Lives Moralia

"Aesop" Fables

Lucian Satires The Romans

Plautus Pseudolus The Braggart Soldier The Rope Amphitryon

Terence The Girl from Andros The Eunuch The Mother-in-Law

Lucretius The Way Things Are

Cicero On the Gods

Horace Odes Epistles Satires

Persius Satires

Catullus Attis and Other Poems

Virgil Aeneid Eclogues Georgics

Lucan Pharsalia

Ovid Metamorphoses The Art of Love Heroides

Juvenal Satires

Martial Epigrams

Seneca Tragedies , particularly Medea and Hercules Furens

Petronius Satyricon

Apuleius The Golden Ass The Middle Ages: Latin, Arabic, and the Vernacular Before Dante

Saint Augustine City of God Confessions

The Koran ( Al-Qur'an )

) The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night

The Poetic Edda

Snorri Sturluson The Prose Edda

The Nibelungen Lied

Wolfram von Eschenbach Parzival

Chrétien de Troyes Yvain: The Knight of the Lion

Beowulf

The Poem of the Cid

Christine de Pisan The Book of the City of Ladies

Diego de San Pedro Prison of Love

B. The Aristocratic Age

"It is a span of five hundred years from Dante's Divine Comedy through Goethe's Faust, Part Two [1321-1832], an era that gives us a huge body of reading in five major literatures: Italian, Spanish, English, French, and German. In this and in the remaining lists, I sometimes do not mention individual works by a canonical master, and in other instances I attempt to call attention to authors and books that I consider canonical but rather neglected. From this list onward, many good writers who are not quite central are omitted...."

(Bloom, p. 534) Italy Dante The Divine Comedy The New Life

Petrarch Lyric Poems Selections

Giovanni Boccaccio The Decameron

Matteo Maria Boiardo Orlando Innamorato

Ludovico Ariosto Orlando Furioso

Michelangelo Buonarroti Sonnets and Madrigals

Niccolò Machiavelli The Prince The Mandrake, a Comedy

Leonardo da Vinci Notebooks

Baldassare Castiglione The Book of the Courtier

Gaspara Stampa Sonnets and Madrigals

Giorgio Vasari Lives of the Painters

Benvenuto Cellini Autobiography

Torquato Tasso Jerusalem Delivered

Giordano Bruno The Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast

Tommaso Campanella Poems The City of the Sun

Giambattista Vico Principles of a New Science

Carlo Goldoni The Servant of Two Masters

Vittorio Alfieri Saul Portugal

Luis de Camoëns The Lusiads

Antònio Ferreira Poetry Spain

Jorge Manrique Coplas

Fernando de Rojas La Celestina

Lazarillo de Tormes

Francisco de Quevedo Visions Satirical Letter of Censure

Fray Luis de León Poems

St. John of the Cross Poems

Luis de Góngora Sonnets Soledades

Miguel de Cervantes Don Quixote Exemplary Stories

Lope de Vega La Dorotea Fuente Ovejuna Lost in a Mirror The Knight of Olmedo

Tirso de Molina The Trickster of Seville

Pedro Calderón de la Barca Life is a Dream The Mayor of Zalamea The Mighty Magician The Doctor of His Own Honor

Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Poems England and Scotland

Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales Troilus and Criseyde

Sir Thomas Malory Le Morte D'Arthur

William Dunbar Poems

John Skelton Poems

Sir Thomas More Utopia

Sir Thomas Wyatt Poems

Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey Poems

Sir Philip Sidney The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia Astrophel and Stella An Apology for Poetry

Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke Poems

Edmund Spenser The Faerie Queene The Minor Poems

Sir Walter Ralegh Poems

Christopher Marlowe Poems and Plays

Michael Drayton Poems

Samuel Daniel Poems A Defence of Ryme

Thomas Nashe The Unfortunate Traveller

Thomas Kyd The Spanish Tragedy

William Shakespeare Plays and Poems

Thomas Campion Songs

John Donne Poems Sermons

Ben Jonson Poems , Plays , and Masques

Francis Bacon Essays

Robert Burton The Anatomy of Melancholy

Sir Thomas Browne Religio Medici Hydriotaphia, or Urne-Buriall The Garden of Cyrus

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan

Robert Herrick Poems

Thomas Carew Poems

Richard Lovelace Poems

Andrew Marvell Poems

George Herbert The Temple

Thomas Traherne Centuries , Poems , and Thanksgivings

Henry Vaughan Poetry

John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester Poems

Richard Crashaw Poems

Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher Plays

George Chapman Comedies, Tragedies, Poems

John Ford 'Tis Pity She's a Whore

John Marston The Malcontent

John Webster The White Devil The Duchess of Malfi

Thomas Middleton and William Rowley The Changeling

Cyril Tourneur The Revenger's Tragedy

Philip Massinger A New Way to Pay Old Debts

John Bunyan The Pilgrim's Progress

Izaak Walton The Compleat Angler

John Milton Paradise Lost Paradise Regained Lycidas , Comus , and the Minor Poems Samson Agonistes Areopagitica

John Aubrey Brief Lives

Jeremy Taylor Holy Dying

Samuel Butler Hudibras

John Dryden Poetry and Plays Critical Essays

Thomas Otway Venice Preserv'd

William Congreve The Way of the World Love for Love

Jonathan Swift A Tale of a Tub Gulliver's Travels Shorter Prose Works Poems

Sir George Etherege The Man of Mode

Alexander Pope Poems

John Gay The Beggar's Opera

James Boswell Life of Johnson Journals

Samuel Johnson Works

Edward Gibbon The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

Edmund Burke A Philosophical Enquiry into...the Sublime and Beautiful Reflections on the Revolution in France

Maurice Morgann An Essay on the Dramatic Character of Sir John Falstaff

William Collins Poems

George Farquhar The Beaux' Strategem The Recruiting Officer

William Wycherley The Country Wife The Plain Dealer

Christopher Smart Jubilate Agno A Song to David

Oliver Goldsmith The Vicar of Wakefield She Stoops to Conquer The Traveller The Deserted Village

Richard Brinsley Sheridan The School of Scandal The Rivals

William Cowper Poetical Works

George Crabbe Poetical Works

Daniel Defoe Moll Flanders Robinson Crusoe A Journal of the Plague Year

Samuel Richardson Clarissa Pamela Sir Charles Grandison

Henry Fielding Joseph Andrews The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

Tobias Smollett The Expedition of Humphry Clinker The Adventures of Roderick Random

Laurence Sterne The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy

Fanny Burney Evelina

Joseph Addison and Richard Steele The Spectator France

Jean Froissart Chronicles

The Song of Roland

François Villon Poems

Michel de Montaigne Essays

François Rabelais Gargantua and Pantagruel

Marguerite de Navarre The Heptameron

Joachim Du Bellay The Regrets

Maurice Scève Délie

Pierre Ronsard Odes, Elegies, Sonnets

Philippe de Commynes Memoirs

Agrippa d'Aubigné Les Tragiques

Robert Garnier Mark Antony The Jewesses

Pierre Corneille The Cid Polyeucte Nicomède Horace Cinna Rodogune

François de La Rochefoucauld Maxims

Jean de La Fontaine Fables

Molière The Misanthrope Tartuffe The School for Wives The Learned Ladies Don Juan School for Husbands Ridiculous Precieuses The Would-Be Gentleman The Miser The Imaginary Invalid

Blaise Pascal Pensées

Jacques-Bénigne Bosuet Funerary Orations

Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux The Art of Poetry Lutrin

Jean Racine Phaedra Andromache Britannicus Athaliah

Pierre Carlet de Marivaux Seven Comedies

Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Confessions Émile La Nouvelle Héloïse

Voltaire Zadig Candide Letters on England The Lisbon Earthquake

Abbé Prévost Manon Lescaut

Madame de La Fayette The Princess of Cleves

Sébastien-Roch Nicolas de Chamfort Products of the Perfected Civilization

Denis Diderot Rameau's Nephew

Choderlos de Laclos Dangerous Liaisons Germany

Erasmus In Praise of Folly

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Faust, Parts One and Two Dichtung und Wahrheit Egmont Elective Affinities The Sorrows of Young Werther Poems Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship Wilhelm Meister's Years of Wandering Italian Journey Verse Plays Hermann and Dorothea Roman Elegies Venetian Epigrams West-Eastern Divan

Friedrich Schiller The Robbers Mary Stuart Wallenstein Don Carlos On the Naïve and Sentimental in Literature

Gotthold Lessing Laocoön Nathan the Wise

Freidrich Hölderlin Hymns and Fragments Selected Poems

Heinrich von Kleist Five Plays Stories

C. The Democratic Age

"I have located Vico's Democratic Age in the post-Goethean nineteenth century, when the literature of Italy and Spain ebbs, yielding eminence to England with its renaissance of the Renaissance in Romanticism, and to a lesser degree to France and Germany. This is also the era where the strength of both Russian and American literature begins."

(Bloom, p. 540) Italy Ugo Foscolo On Sepulchres Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis Odes and The Graces

Alessandro Manzoni The Betrothed On the Historical Novel

Giacomo Leopardi Essays and Dialogues Poems The Moral Essays

Giuseppe Gioacchino Belli Roman Sonnets

Giosué Carducci Hymn to Satan Barbarian Odes Rhymes and Rhythms

Giovanni Verga Little Novels of Sicily Mastro-Don Gesualdo The House by the Medlar Tree The She-Wolf and Other Stories Spain and Portugal

Gustavo Adolpho Bécquer Poems

Benito Pérez Galdós Fortunata and Jacinta

Leopoldo Alas (Clarín) La Regenta

José Maria de Eça de Queirós The Maias France

Benjamin Constant Adolphe The Red Notebook

François-Auguste-René de Chateaubriand Attala René The Genius of Christianity

Alphonse de Lamartine Meditations

Alfred de Vigny Chatterton Poems

Victor Hugo The Distance, the Shadows: Selected Poems Les Misérables Notre-Dame of Paris William Shakespeare The Toilers of the Sea The End of Satan God

Alfred de Musset Poems Lorenzaccio

Gérard de Nerval The Chimeras Sylvie Aurelia

Théophile Gautier Mademoiselle de Maupin Enamels and Cameos

Honoré de Balzac The Girl with the Golden Eyes Louis Lambert The Wild Ass's Skin Old Goriot Cousin Bette A Harlot High and Low Eugénie Grandet Ursule Mirouet

Stendhal On Love The Red and the Black The Charterhouse of Parma

Gustave Flaubert Madame Bovary Sentimental Education Salammbô A Simple Soul

George Sand The Haunted Pool

Charles Baudelaire Flowers of Evil Paris Spleen

Stéphane Mallarmé Selected Poetry and Prose

Paul Verlaine Selected Poems

Arthur Rimbaud Complete Works

Tristan Corbière Les Armours Jaunes

Jules Laforgue Selected Writings

Guy de Maupassant Selected Short Stories

Émile Zola Germinal L'Assommoir Nana Scandinavia

Henrik Ibsen Brand Peer Gynt Emperor and Galilean Hedda Gabler The Master Builder The Lady from the Sea When We Dead Awaken

August Strindberg To Damascus Miss Julie The Father The Dance of Death The Ghost Sonata A Dream Play Great Britain

Robert Burns Poems

William Blake Complete Poetry and Prose

William Wordsworth Poems The Prelude

Sir Walter Scott Waverley The Heart of Midlothian Redgauntlet Old Mortality

Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice Emma Mansfield Park Persuasion

Samuel Taylor Coleridge Poems and Prose

Dorothy Wordsworth The Grasmere Journal

William Hazlitt Essays and Criticism

Lord Byron Don Juan Poems

William Savage Landor Poems Imaginary Conversations

Thomas De Quincey Confessions of an English Opium Eater Selected Prose

Charles Lamb Essays

Maria Edgeworth Castle Rackrent

John Galt The Entail

Elizabeth Gaskell Cranford Mary Barton North and South

James Hogg The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner

Charles Maturin Melmoth the Wanderer

Percy Bysshe Shelley Poems A Defence of Poetry

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley Frankenstein

John Clare Poems

John Keats Poems and Letters

Thomas Lovell Beddoes Death's Jest-Book Poems

George Darley Nepenthe Poems

Thomas Hood Poems

Thomas Wade Poems

Robert Browning Poems The Ring and the Book

Charles Dickens The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club David Copperfield The Adventures of Oliver Twist A Tale of Two Cities Bleak House Hard Times Nicholas Nickleby Dombey and Son Great Expectations Martin Chuzzlewit Christmas Stories Little Dorrit Our Mutual Friend The Mystery of Edwin Drood

Alfred, Lord Tennyson Poems

Dante Gabriel Rossetti Poems and Translations

Matthew Arnold Poems Essays

Arthur Hugh Clough Poems

Christina Rossetti Poems

Thomas Love Peacock Nightmare Abbey Gryll Grange

Gerald Manley Hopkins Poems and Prose

Thomas Carlyle Selected Prose Sartor Resartus

John Ruskin Modern Painters The Stones of Venice Unto This Last The Queen of the Air

Walter Pater Studies in the History of the Renaissance Appreciations Imaginary Portraits Marius the Epicurean

Edward FitzGerald The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam

John Stuart Mill On Liberty Autobiography

John Henry Newman Apologia pro Vita Sua A Grammar of Assent The Idea of a University

Anthony Trollope The Barsetshire Novels The Palliser Novels Orley Farm The Way We Live Now

Lewis Carroll Complete Works

Edward Lear Complete Nonsense

George Gissing New Grub Street

Algernon Charles Swinburne Poems and Letters

Charlotte Brontë Jane Eyre Villette

Emily Brontë Poems Wuthering Heights

William Makepeace Thackeray Vanity Fair The History of Henry Esmond

George Meredith Poems The Egoist

Francis Thompson Poems

Lionel Johnson Poems

Robert Bridges Poems

Gilbert Keith Chesterton Collected Poems The Man Who Was Thursday

Samuel Butler Erewhon The Way of All Flesh

W. S. Gilbert Complete Plays of Gilbert and Sullivan Bab Ballads

Wilkie Collins The Moonstone The Woman in White No Name

Coventry Patmore Odes

James Thomson (Bysshe Vanolis) The City of the Dreadful Night

Oscar Wilde Plays The Picture of Dorian Gray The Artist as Critic Letters

John Davidson Ballads and Songs

Ernest Dowson Complete Poems

George Eliot Adam Bede Silas Marner The Mill on the Floss Middlemarch Daniel Deronda

Robert Louis Stevenson Essays Kidnapped Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Treasure Island The New Arabian Nights The Master of Ballantrae Weir of Hermiston William Morris Early Romances Poems The Earthly Paradise The Well at the World's End News from Nowhere Bram Stoker Dracula George Macdonald Lilith At the Back of the North Wind Germany Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenburg) Hymns to the Night Aphorisms Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm Fairy Tales Eduard Mörike Selected Poems Mozart on His Way to Prague Theodor Storm Immensee Poems Gottfried Keller Green Henry Tales E. T. A. Hoffmann The Devil's Elixir Tales Jeremias Gotthelf The Black Spider Adalbert Stifter Indian Summer Tales Friedrich Schlegel Criticism and Aphorisms Georg Büchner Danton's Death Woyzeck Heinrich Heine Complete Poems Richard Wagner The Ring of the Nibelung Friedrich Nietzsche The Birth of Tragedy Beyond Good and Evil On the Genealogy of Morals The Will to Power Theodor Fontane Effi Briest Stefan George Selected Poems Russia Aleksandr Pushkin Complete Prose Tales Complete Poetry Eugene Onegin Narrative Poems Boris Godunov Nikolay Gogol The Complete Tales Dead Souls The Government Inspector Mikhail Lermontov Narrative Poems A Hero of Our Time Segey Aksakov A Family Chronicle Aleksandr Herzen My Past and Thoughts From the Other Shore Ivan Goncharov The Frigate Pallada Oblomov Ivan Turgenev A Sportsman's Notebook A Month in the Country Fathers and Sons On the Eve First Love Fyodor Dostoevsky Notes from the Underground Crime and Punishment The Idiot The Possessed ( The Devils ) The Brothers Karamazov Short Novels Leo Tolstoy The Cossacks War and Peace Anna Karenina A Confession The Power of Darkness Short Novels Nikolay Leskov Tales Aleksandr Ostrovsky The Storm Nikolay Chernyshevsky What is to Be Done? Aleksandr Blok The Twelve and Other Poems Anton Chekhov The Tales The Major Plays The United States Washington Irving The Sketch Book William Cullen Bryant Collected Poems James Fenimore Cooper The Deerslayers John Greenleaf Whittier Collected Poems Ralph Waldo Emerson Nature Essays , first and second series Representative Men The Conduct of Life Journals Poems Emily Dickinson Complete Poems Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass , first edition Leaves of Grass , third edition The Complete Poems Specimen Days Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter Tales and Sketches The Marble Faun Notebooks Herman Melville Moby-Dick The Piazza Tales Billy Budd Collected Poems Clarel Edgar Allan Poe Poetry and Tales Essays and Reviews The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym Eureka Jones Very Essays and Poems Frederick Goddard Tuckerman The Cricket and Other Poems Henry David Thoreau Walden Poems Essays Richard Henry Dana, Jr. Two Years Before the Mast Frederick Douglass Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Selected Poems Sidney Lanier Poems Francis Parkman France and England in North America The California and Oregon Trail Henry Adams The Education of Henry Adams Mont Saint-Michel and Chartres Ambrose Bierce Collected Writings Louisa May Alcott Little Women Charles W. Chesnutt The Short Fiction Kate Chopin The Awakening William Dean Howells The Rise of Silas Lapham A Modern Instance Stephen Crane The Red Badge of Courage Stories and Poems Henry James The Portrait of a Lady The Bostonians The Princess Casamassima The Awkward Age Short Novels and Tales The Ambassadors The Wings of the Dove The Golden Bowl Harold Frederic The Damnation of Theron Ware Mark Twain Complete Short Stories The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Devil's Racetrack Number Forty-Four: The Mysterious Stranger Pudd'nhead Wilson A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court William James The Varieties of Religious Experience Pragmatism Frank Norris The Octopus Sarah Orne Jewett The Country of the Pointed Firs and Other Stories Trumbull Stickney Poems



D. The Chaotic Age: A Canonical Prophecy

"I am not as confident about this list as the first three. Cultural prophecy is always a mug's game. Not all of the works here can prove to be canonical; literary overpopulation is a hazard to many among them. But I have neither excluded nor included on the basis of cultural politics of any kind."

(Bloom, p. 548) Italy Luigi Pirandello Naked Masks: Five Plays

Gabriele D'Annunzio Maia: In Praise of Life

Dino Campana Orphic Songs

Umberto Saba Stories and Recollections Poems

Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa The Leopard

Giuseppe Ungaretti Selected Poems The Buried Harbour: Selected Poems

Eugenio Montale The Storm and Other Things: Poems The Occasions: Poems Cuttlefish Bones: Poems Otherwise: Last and First Poems The Second Life of Art: Selected Essays

Salvatore Quasimodo Selected Writings: Poems and Discourse on Poetry

Tommaso Landolfi Gogol's Wife and Other Stories

Leonardo Sciascia Day of the Owl Equal Danger The Wine-Dark Sea: Thirteen Stories

Pier Paolo Pasolini Poems

Cesare Pavese Hard Labor: Poems Dialogues with Leucò

Primo Levi If Not Now, When? Collected Poems The Periodic Table

Italo Svevo The Confession of Zeno As a Man Grows Older

Giorgio Bassani The Heron

Natalia Ginzburg Family

Elio Vittorini Women of Messina

Alberto Moravia 1934

Andrea Zanzotto Selected Poetry

Italo Calvino Invisible Cities The Baron in the Trees If on a Winter's Night a Traveler t zero

Antonio Porta Kisses from Another Dream: Poems Spain

Miguel de Unamuno Three Exemplary Novels Our Lord Don Quixote

Antonio Machado Selected Poems

Juan Ramón Jiménez Invisible Reality: Poems

Pedro Salinas My Voice Because of You: Poems

Jorge Guillén Guillén on Guillén: The Poetry and the Poet

Vicente Aleixandre A Longing for the Light: Selected Poems

Federico Garcia Lorca Selected Poems Three Tragedies: Blood Wedding, Yerma, The House of Bernardo Alba

Rafael Alberti The Owl's Insomnia: Poems

Luis Cernuda Selected Poems

Miguel Hernández Selected Poems

Blas de Otero Selected Poems

Camilo José Cela The Hive

Juan Goytisolo Space in Motion Catalonia

Carles Ribá Selected Poems

J. V. Foix Selected Poems

Joan Perucho Natural History

Merce Rodoreda The Time of the Doves

Pere Gimferrer Selected Poems

Salvador Espríu La Pell de Brau: Poems Portugal

Fernando Pessoa The Keeper of Sheep Poems Selected Poems Always Astonished: Selected Poems The Book of Disquiet

Jorge de Sena Selected Poems

José Saramago Baltasar and Blimunda

José Cardoso Pires Ballad of Dogs' Beach

Sophia de Mello Breyner Selected Poems

Eugénio de Andrade Selected Poems France

Anatole France Penguin Island Thaïs

Alain-Fournier Le Grand Meaulnes

Marcel Proust Remembrance of Things Past ( In Search of Lost Time )

Andre Gide The Immoralist Corydon Lafcadio's Adventure (The Caves of the Vatican) The Journals

Colette Collected Stories Retreat from Love

Georges Bataille Blue of Noon

Louis-Ferdinand Céline Journey to the End of Night

René Daumal Mount Analogue

Jean Genet Our Lady of the Flowers The Thief's Journal The Balcony

Jean Giraudoux Four Plays

Alfred Jarry Selected Works

Jean Cocteau The Infernal Machine and Other Works

Guillaume Apollinaire Selected Writings

André Breton Poems Manifestoes of Surrealism

Paul Valéry The Art of Poetry Selected Writings

René Char Poems

Paul Éluard Selected Poems

Louis Aragon Selected Poems

Jean Giono The Horseman on the Roof

Michel Leiris Manhood

Raymond Radiguet Count d'Orgel's Ball

Jean-Paul Sartre No Exit Nausea Saint Genet The Words The Family Idiot: Gustave Flaubert

Simone de Beauvoir The Second Sex

Albert Camus The Stranger The Plague The Fall The Rebel

Henri Michaux Selected Writings

Edmond Jabès The Book of Questions Selected Poems

Saint-John Perse Anabasis Birds Exile and Other Poems

Pierre Reverdy Selected Poems

Tristan Tzara Seven Dada Manifestoes

Max Jacob Selected Poems

Pierre-Jean Jouve Selected Poems

Francis Ponge Things: Selected Writings

Jacques Prévert Paroles

Philippe Jacottet Selected Poems

Charles Péguy The Mystery of the Charity of Joan of Arc

Bejamin Péret Selected Poems

Andé Malraux The Conquerors The Royal Way Man's Fate Man's Hope The Voices of Silence

François Mauriac Therese The Desert of Love The Woman of the Pharisees

Jean Anouilh Becket Antigone Eurydice The Rehearsal

Eugène Ionesco The Bald Soprano The Chairs The Lesson Amédée Victims of Duty Rhinoceros

Maurice Blanchot Thomas the Obscure

Pierre Klossowski The Laws of Hospitality The Baphomet

Raymond Roussel Locus Solus

Antonin Artaud Selected Writings

Claude Lévi-Strauss Tristes Tropiques

Alain Robbe-Grillet The Voyeur Jealousy In the Labyrinth The Erasers Project for a Revolution in New York For a New Novel

Nathalie Sarraute The Use of Speech The Planetarium

Claude Simon The Grass The Wind The Flanders Road

Marguerite Duras The Lover Four Novels

Robert Pinget Fable The Libera Me Domine That Voice

Michel Tournier The Ogre Friday

Marguerite Yourcenar Coup de Grace Memoirs of Hadrian

Jean Follain Transparence of the World: Poems

Yves Bonnefoy Words in Stone Great Britain and Ireland

William Butler Yeats The Collected Poems Collected Plays A Vision Mythologies

George Bernard Shaw Major Critical Essays Heartbreak House Pygmalion Saint Joan Major Barbara Back to Methuselah

John Millington Synge Collected Plays

Sean O'Casey Juno and the Paycock The Plough and the Stars The Shadow of a Gunman

George Douglas Brown House with the Green Shutters

Thomas Hardy The Well-Beloved The Woodlanders The Return of the Native The Mayor of Casterbridge Far From the Madding Crowd Tess of the D'Urbervilles Jude the Obscure Collected Poems

Rudyard Kipling Kim Collected Stories Puck of Pook's Hill Complete Verse

A. E. Housman Collected Poems

Max Beerbohm Zuleika Dobson Seven Men and Two Others

Joseph Conrad Lord Jim The Secret Agent Nostromo Under Western Eyes Victory

Ronald Firbank Five Novels

Ford Madox Ford Parade's End The Good Soldier

W. Somerset Maugham Collected Short Stories The Moon and Sixpence

John Cowper Powys Wolf Solent A Glastonbury Romance

Saki (H. H. Munro) The Short Stories

H. G. Wells The Science Fiction Novels

David Lindsay A Voyage to Arcturus

Arnold Bennett The Old Wives' Tale

Walter De la Mare Collected Poems Memoirs of a Midget

Wilfred Owen Collected Poems

Isaac Rosenberg Collected Poems

Edward Thomas Collected Poems

Robert Graves Collected Poems King Jesus

Edwin Muir Collected Poems

David Jones In Parenthesis The Anathemata

John Galsworthy The Forsyte Saga

E. M. Forster Howards End A Passage to India

Frank O'Connor Collected Stories

D. H. Lawrence Complete Poems Studies in Classic American Literature Complete Short Stories Sons and Lovers The Rainbow Women in Love

Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway To the Lighthouse Orlando: A Biography The Waves Between the Acts

James Joyce Dubliners Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Ulysses Finnegans Wake

Samuel Beckett Murphy Watt Three Novels: Molloy, Malone Dies, The Unnameable Waiting for Godot Endgame Krapp's Last Game How It Is

Elizabeth Bowen Collected Stories

J. G. Farrell The Siege of Krishnapur

Henry Green Nothing Loving Party Going

Evelyn Waugh A Handful of Dust Scoop Vile Bodies Put Out More Flags

Anthony Burgess Nothing Like the Sun

G. B. Edwards The Book of Ebenezer Le Page

Iris Murdoch The Good Apprentice Bruno's Dream

Graham Greene Brighton Rock The Heart of the Matter The Power and the Glory

Christopher Isherwood The Berlin Stories

Norman Douglas South Wind

Aldous Huxley Collected Essays Antic Hay Point Counter Point Brave New World

Lawrence Durrell Alexandria Quartet

William Golding Pincher Martin

Doris Lessing The Golden Notebook

Mervyn Peake The Gormenghast Trilogy

Jeanette Winterson The Passion

W. H. Auden Collected Poems The Dyer's Hand

Roy Fuller Collected Poems

Gavin Ewart Selected Poems

Basil Bunting

Collected Poems William Empson

Collected Poems Milton's God Some Versions of Pastoral George Wilson Knight

The Wheel of Fire The Burning Oracle R. S. Thomas

Poems Frank Kermode

The Sense of an Ending Stevie Smith

Collected Poems F. T. Prince

Collected Poems Philip Larkin

Collected Poems Donald Davie

Selected Poems Geoffrey Hill

Collected Poems Jonathan Spence

The Death of Woman Wang The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci Elizabeth Jennings

Selected Poems Keith Douglas

The Complete Poems Hugh MacDiarmid

Complete Poems Louis MacNeice

Collected Poems Dylan Thomas

The Poems Nigel Dennis

Cards of Identity Seamus Heaney

Selected Poems: 1969-1987 Field Work Station Island Thomas Kinsella

Peppercanister Poems Paul Muldoon

Selected Poems John Montague

Selected Poems John Arden

Plays Joe Orton

The Complete Plays Flann O'Brien

The Dalkey Archive The Third Policeman Tom Stoppard

Travesties Harold Pinter

The Caretaker The Homecoming Edward Bond

The Fool Saved George Orwell

Collected Essays 1984 Edna O'Brien

A Fanatic Heart Germany Hugo von Hofmannsthal

Poems and Verse Plays Selected Prose Selected Plays and Libretti Rainer Maria Rilke

Selected Poetry (including the Duino Elegies ) The Sonnets to Orpheus The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge New Poems: First Part and Other Part Hermann Broch

The Sleepwalkers The Death of Virgil Hugo von Hofmannsthal and His Time Georg Trakl

Selected Poems Gottfried Benn

Selected Poems Franz Kafka

Amerika The Complete Stories The Blue Octavo Notebook The Trial The Diaries The Castle Parables, Fragments, Aphorisms Bertolt Brecht

Poems, 1913-1956 The Threepenny Opera The Good Woman of Setzuan Mother Courage and Her Children Galileo The Caucasian Chalk Circle Arthur Schnitzler

Plays and Stories Frank Wedekind

Lulu Plays Spring Awakening Karl Krauss

The Last Days of Mankind Günter Eich

Moles Thomas Mann

The Magic Mountain Stories of Three Decades Joseph and His Brothers Doctor Faustus Confessions of Felix Krull, Confidence Man Alfred Döblin

Berlin Alexanderplatz Hermann Hesse

The Glass Bead Game (Magister Ludi) Narcissus and Goldmund Robert Musil

Young Törless The Man Without Qualities Joseph Roth

The Radetzky March Paul Celan

Poems Thomas Bernhard

Woodcutters Heinrich Böll

Billiards at Half-Past Nine Ingeborg Bachmann

In the Storm of Roses Hans Magnus Enzensberger

Poems for People Who Don't Read Poems Walter Benjamin

Illuminations Robert Walser

Selected Stories Christa Wolf

Cassandra Peter Handke

Slow Homecoming Max Frisch

I'm Not Stiller Man in the Holocene Günter Grass

The Tin Drum The Flounder Friedrich Dürrenmatt

The Visit Johannes Bobrowski

Shadow Lands Russia Anna Akhmatova

Poems Leonid Andreyev

Selected Tales Andrey Bely

Petersburg Osip Mandelshtam

Selected Poems Velimir Khlebnikov

The King of Time Vladimir Mayakovsky

The Bedbug and Selected Poetry Mikhail Bulgakov

The Master and the Margarita Mikhail Kuzmin

Alexandrian Songs Maksim Gorky

Reminiscences of Tolstoy, Chekhov, and Andreev Autobiography Ivan Bunin

Selected Stories Isaac Babel

Collected Stories Boris Pasternak

Doctor Zhivago Selected Poems Yury Olesha

Envy Marina Tsvetayeva

Selected Poems Mikhail Zoshchenko

Nervous People and Other Satires Andrei Platonov

The Foundation Pit Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich The Cancer Ward The Gulag Archipelago August 1914 Joesph Brodsky

A Part of Speech: Poems Scandinavia Isak Dinesen

Winter's Tales Seven Gothic Tales Martin Andersen Nexø

Pelle the Conqueror Knut Hamsun

Hunger Pan Sigrid Undset

Kristin Lavransdatter Gunnar Ekelöf

Guide to the Underworld Tomas Tranströmer

Selected Poems Pär Lagerkvist

Barabbas Lars Gustafsson

Selected Poems Serbo-Croat Ivo Andric

The Bridge on the Drina Vasko Popa

Selected Poems Danilo Kis

A Tomb for Boris Davidovich Czech Karel Capek

War with the Newts R.U.R Vaclav Havel

Largo Desolato Milan Kundera

The Unbearable Lightness of Being Jaroslav Seifert

Selected Poetry Miroslav Holub

The Fly Polish Bruno Schulz

The Street of Crocodiles Sanatorium Under the Sign of the Hourglass Czeslaw Milosz

Selected Poems Witold Gombrowicz

Three Novels Stanislaw Lem

The Investigation Solaris Zbigniew Herbert

Selected Poems Adam Zagajewski

Tremor Hungarian Attila József

Perched on Nothing's Branch Ferenc Juhasz

Selected Poems Laszlo Németh

Guilt Modern Greek C. P. Cavafy

Collected Poems George Seferis

Collected Poems Nikos Kazantzakis

The Greek Passion The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel Yannis Ritsos

Exile and Return Odysseas Elytis

What I Love: Selected Poems Angelos Sikelianos

Selected Poems Yiddish Sholem Aleichem

Tevye the Dairyman and The Railroad Stories The Nightingale Mendele Mokher Seforim

The Travels and Adventures of Benjamin the Third I. L. Peretz

Selected Stories Jacob Glatstein

Selected Poems Moshe-Leib Halpern

Selected Poems H. Leivick (Leivick Halpern)

Selected Poems Israel Joshua Singer

The Brothers Ashkenazi Yoshe Kalb Chaim Grade

The Yeshiva S. Ansky

The Dybbuk Mani Leib

Selected Poems Sholem Asch

East River Isaac Bashevis Singer

Collected Stories In My Father's Court The Manor, the Estate, the Family Moskat Satan in Goray Hebrew Hayyim Nahman Bialik

Shirot Bialik: The Epic Poems S. Y. Agnon

In the Heart of the Seas Twenty-One Stories Aharon Appelfeld

The Immortal Bartfuss Badenheim 1939 Yaakov Shabtai

Past Continuous Yehuda Amichai

Selected Poetry Travels A. B. Yehoshua

A Late Divorce Amos Oz

A Perfect Peace T. Carmi

At the Stone of Losses Nathan Zach

Selected Poems Dalia Ravikovitch

A Dress of Fire Dan Pagis

Selected Poems David Shahar

The Palace of Shattered Vessels David Grossman

See Under: Love Yoram Kaniuk

His Daughter Arabic Najib Mahfuz

Midaq Alley Fountain and Tomb Miramar Adunis

Selected Poems Mahmud Darwish

The Music of Human Flesh Taha Husayn

An Egyptian Childhood Latin America Rubén Dário

Selected Poetry Jorge Luis Borges

The Aleph and Other Stories Dreamtigers (The Maker) Ficciones Labyrinths A Personal Anthology Alejo Carpentier

Explosion in a Cathedral The Lost Steps Reasons of State The Kingdom of This World Guillermo Cabrera Infante

Three Trapped Tigers View of Dawn in the Tropics Severo Sarduy

Maitreya Reinaldo Arenas

The Ill-Fated Peregrinations of Fray Servando Pablo Neruda

Canto General Residence on Earth Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair Fully Empowered Selected Poems Nicolás Guillén

Selected Poems Octavio Paz

The Collected Poems The Labyrinth of Solitude César Vallejo

Selected Poems Spain, Take This Cup from Me Miguel Angel Asturias

Men of Maize José Lezama Lima

Paradiso José Donoso

The Obscene Bird of Night Julio Cortázar

Hopscotch All Fires the Fire Blow-up and Other Stories Gabriel García Márquez

One Hundred Years of Solitude Love in the Time of Cholera Mario Vargas Llosa

The War of the End of the World Carlos Fuentes

A Change of Skin Terra Nostra Carlos Drummond de Andrade

Travelling in the Family The West Indies C. L. R. James

The Black Jacobins The Future in the Present V. S. Naipaul

A Bend in the River A House for Mr. Biswas Derek Walcott

Collected Poems Wilson Harris

The Guyana Quartet Michael Thelwell

The Harder They Come Aimé Césaire

Collected Poetry Africa Chinua Achebe

Things Fall Apart Arrow of God No Longer at Ease Wole Soyinka

A Dance of the Forest Amos Tutuola

The Palm-Wine Drinkard and His Dead Palm-Wine Tapster in the Dead's Town Christopher Okigbo

Labyrinths, with Path of Thunder John Pepper Clark (-Bekederemo)

Casualties: Poems Ayi K. Armah

The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born Wa Thiong'o Ngugi

A Grain of Wheat Gabriel Okara

The Fisherman's Invocation Nadine Gordimer

Collected Stories J. M. Coetzee

Foe Athol Fugard

A Lesson from Aloes Léopold S. Senghor

Selected Poems India (in English) R. K. Narayan

The Guide Salman Rushdie

Midnight's Children Ruth Prawer Jhabvala

Heat and Dust Canada Malcolm Lowry

Under the Volcano Robertson Davies

The Deptford Trilogy The Rebel Angels Alice Munro

Something I've Been Meaning to Tell You Northrop Frye

Fables of Identity Anne Hébert

Selected Poems Jay Macpherson

Poems Twice Told Margaret Atwood

Surfacing Daryl Hine

Selected Poems Australia and New Zealand Miles (Stella) Franklin

My Brilliant Career Katherine Mansfield

The Short Stories A. D. Hope

Collected Poems Patrick White

Riders in the Chariot A Fringe of Leaves Voss Christina Stead

The Man Who Loved Children Judith Wright

Selected Poems Les A. Murray

The Rabbiter's Bounty: Collected Poems Thomas Keneally

The Playmaker Schindler's List David Malouf

An Imaginary Life Kevin Hart

Peniel and Other Poems Peter Carey

Oscar and Lucinda Illywhacker The United States Edwin Arlington Robinson

Selected Poems Robert Frost

The Poetry Edith Wharton

Collected Short Stories The Age of Innocence Ethan Frome The House of Mirth The Custom of the Country Willa Cather

My Ántonia The Professor's House A Lost Lady Gertrude Stein

Three Lives The Geographical History of America The Making of Americans Tender Buttons Wallace Stevens

Collected Poems The Necessary Angel Opus Posthumous The Palm at the End of the Mind Vachel Lindsay

Collected Poems Edgar Lee Masters

Spoon River Anthology Theodore Dreiser

Sister Carrie An American Tragedy Sherwood Anderson

Winesburg, Ohio Death in the Woods and Other Stories Sinclair Lewis

Babbitt It Can't Happen Here Elinor Wylie

Last Poems William Carlos Williams

Spring and All Paterson Collected Poems Ezra Pound

Personae: Collected Poems The Cantos Literary Essays Robinson Jeffers

Selected Poems Marianne Moore

Complete Poems Hilda Doolittle (H.D.)

Selected Poems John Crowe Ransom

Selected Poems T. S. Eliot

The Complete Poems and Plays Selected Essays Katherine Anne Porter

Collected Stories Jean Toomer

Cane John Dos Passos

U.S.A Conrad Aiken

Collected Poems Eugene O'Neill

Lazarus Laughed The Iceman Cometh Long Day's Journey Into Night e. e. cummings

Complete Poems John B. Wheelwright

Collected Poems Robert Fitzgerald

Spring Shade: Poems Louise Bogan

The Blue Estuaries: Selected Poems Léonie Adams

Poems: A Selection Hart Crane

Complete Poems and Selected Letters and Prose Allen Tate

Collected Poems F. Scott Fitzgerald

Babylon Revisited and Other Stories The Great Gatsby Tender is the Night William Faulkner

As I Lay Dying Sanctuary Light in August Absalom, Absalom! The Sound and the Fury The Wild Palms The Collected Stories The Hamlet Ernest Hemingway

Complete Short Stories A Farewell to Arms The Sun Also Rises The Garden of Eden John Steinbeck

The Grapes of Wrath Zora Neale Hurston

Their Eyes Were Watching God Nathanael West

Miss Lonelyhearts A Cool Million The Day of the Locust Richard Wright

Native Son Black Boy Eudora Welty

Collected Stories Delta Wedding The Robber Bridegroom The Ponder Heart Langston Hughes

Selected Poems The Big Sea I Wonder as I Wander Edmund Wilson

The Shores of Light Patriotic Gore Kenneth Burke

Counter-statement A Rhetoric of Motives Joseph Mitchell

Up in the Old Hotel Abraham Cahan

The Rise of David Levinsky Kay Boyle

Three Short Novels Ellen Glasgow

Barren Ground Vein of Iron John P. Marquand

H. M. Pulham, Esquire John O'Hara

Collected Stories Appointment in Samarra Henry Roth

Call It Sleep Thornton Wilder

Three Plays Robert Penn Warren

All the King's Men World Enough and Time Selected Poems Delmore Schwartz

Selected Poems: Summer Knowledge Weldon Kees

Collected Poems Elizabeth Bishop

The Complete Poems John Berryman

Collected Poems Paul Bowles

The Sheltering Sky Randall Jarrell

Complete Poems Charles Olson

The Maximus Poems Collected Poems Robert Hayden

Collected Poems Robert Lowell

Collected Poems Theodore Roethke

Collected Poems Straw for the Fire James Agee

Permit Me Voyage Let Us Now Praise Famous Men Jean Garrigue

Selected Poems May Swenson

New & Selected Things Taking Place In Other Words Robert Duncan

Bending the Bow Richard Wilbur

New and Collected Poems Richard Eberhart

Collected Poems M. B. Tolson

Harlem Gallery Kenneth Koch

Seasons on Earth Frank O' Hara

Selected Poems James Schuyler

Collected Poems James Baldwin

The Price of a Ticket Saul Bellow

Seize the Day The Adventures of Augie March Herzog John Cheever

The Stories Bullet Park Ralph Ellison

Invisible Man Truman Capote

In Cold Blood Carson McCullers

The Ballad of the Sad Cafe The Heart is a Lonely Hunter Flannery O'Connor

Complete Stories The Violent Bear It Away Wise Blood Vladimir Nabokov

Lolita Pale Fire Gore Vidal

Myra Breckenridge Lincoln William Styron

The Long March J. D. Salinger

The Catcher in the Rye Nine Stories Wright Morris

Ceremony in Lone Tree Bernard Malamud

The Stories The Fixer Norman Mailer

Advertisements for Myself The Executioner's Song Ancient Evenings John Hawkes

The Cannibal Second Skin William Gaddis

The Recognitions Tennessee Williams

The Glass Menagerie A Streetcar Named Desire Summer and Smoke Arthur Miller

Death of a Salesman Edwin Justus Mayer

Children of Darkness Harold Brodkey

Stories in an Almost Classical Mode Ursula K. LeGuin

The Left Hand of Darkness Raymond Carver

Where I'm Calling From Robert Coover

Spanking the Maid Don DeLillo

White Noise Libra Running Dog Mao II John Crowley

Little, Big Aegypt Love and Sleep Guy Davenport

Tatlin! James Dickey

The Early Motion The Central Motion E. L. Doctorow

The Book of Daniel World's Fair Stanley Elkin

The Living End William H. Gass

In the Heart of the Heart of the Country Omensetter's Luck Russell Hoban

Riddley Walker Denis Johnson

Angels Fiskadoro Jesus' Son Cormac McCarthy

Blood Meridian Suttree Child of God William Kennedy

Ironweed The Albany Cycle Toni Morrison

Song of Solomon Gloria Naylor

The Women of Brewster Place Joyce Carol Oates

Them Walker Percy

The Moviegoer Grace Paley

The Little Disturbances of Man Thomas Pynchon

V The Crying of Lot 49 Gravity's Rainbow Cynthia Ozick

Envy, or Yiddish in America The Messiah of Stockholm Ishmael Reed

Mumbo Jumbo Philip Roth

Portnoy's Complaint My Life as a Man Zuckerman Bound: A Trilogy and Epilogue The Counterlife Patrimony Operation Shylock James Salter

Solo Faces Light Years Robert Stone

Dog Soldiers A Flag for Sunrise John Barth

The Floating Opera The End of the Road The Sot-Weed Factor Walter Abish

Alphabetical Africa How German Is It Eclipse Fever I Am the Dust Under Your Feet Donald Barthelme

Forty Stories The Dead Father Thomas M. Disch

On Wings of Song Paul Theroux

The Mosquito Coast John Updike

The Witches of Eastwick Kurt Vonnegut, Jr

Cat's Cradle Edmund White

Forgetting Elena Nocturnes for the King of Naples James McCourt

Time Remaining James Wilcox

Modern Baptists A. R. Ammons

Collected Poems Selected Longer Poems Sphere: The Form of a Motion John Ashbery

The Double Dream of Spring Houseboat Days Selected Poems Flow Chart Hotel Lautréamont And the Stars Were Shining David Mamet

American Buffalo Speed-the-Plow David Rabe

Streamers Sam Shepard

Seven Plays August Wilson

Fences Joe Turner's Come and Gone Anthony Hecht

Collected Earlier Poems Edgar Bowers

Living Together: New and Selected Poems Donald Justice

Selected Poems James Merrill

From the First Nine The Changing Light at Sandover W. S. Merwin

Selected Poems James Wright

Above the River: The Complete Poems Galway Kinnell

Selected Poems Philip Levine

Selected Poems Irving Feldman

New and Selected Poems Donald Hall

The One Day Old and New Poems Alvin Feinman

Poems Richard Howard

Untitled Subjects Findings John Hollander

Reflections on Espionage Selected Poetry Tesserae Gary Snyder

No Nature: New and Selected Poems Charles Simic

Selected Poems Mark Strand

Selected Poems The Continuous Life Dark Harbor Charles Wright

The World of the Ten Thousand Things Jay Wright

Dimensions of History The Double Invention of Komo Selected Poems Elaine's Book Boleros Amy Clampitt

Westward Allen Grossman

The Ether Dome and Other Poems: New and Selected Howard Moss

New Selected Poems James Applewhite

River Writing: An Eno Journal J. D. McClatchy

The Rest of the Way Alfred Corn

A Call in the Midst of the Crowd Douglas Crase

The Revisionist Rita Dove

Selected Poems Thylias Moss

Small Congregations: New and Selected Poems Edward Hirsch

Earthly Measures Tony Kushner Angels in America

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