CHICAGO — Chicago’s police superintendent has called for the firing of seven officers for their response to a colleague’s fatal shooting of Laquan McDonald in 2014, a case that roiled the city and laid bare longstanding tensions between the police and black Chicagoans.

Superintendent Eddie Johnson’s decision, announced Thursday by a Police Department spokesman, comes nearly two years after Officer Jason Van Dyke fired 16 shots at Mr. McDonald, a 17-year-old African-American.

The dashboard camera video of the shooting that was released, under public pressure, in November incited widespread protests and exposed an entrenched “code of silence” among officers who had sworn to a far different account of the shooting from what the video captured.

The case has led to increased scrutiny and skepticism of the department, including a Justice Department investigation into Chicago police practices and the firing of the previous police superintendent last year as protests intensified. Mayor Rahm Emanuel remains under pressure to provide more transparency and overhaul the police disciplinary system.