Syllabus and Exam Weightage for Class 6

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Here is a brief account of body movements from the Science subject of CBSE Syllabus for Class 6.

Synovial joints require a huge range of movements for the body. The contraction or relaxation of muscles connected to the bones on either side of the articulation occurs in each movement at a synovial joint. The movement type that can be produced at a synovial joint depends on its structural nature. While the ball and socket joint provides the greatest range of motion in a specific joint, multiple joints may operate together in other parts of the body in order to produce a single motion. In general, each type of synovial joint is essential for the body to be flexible and mobile. There are many different kinds of movement in synovial joints. Movement types are usually paired, with the one opposite. Body gestures are always defined in reference to the anatomy of the body: erect posture with upper limbs to the front of the body and hands to the front. Synovial joints allow the body to move in many ways. In the sagittal (anterior-posterior) axis of motion are flexion and contraction movements. The shoulder, thigh, elbow, ankle, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints are the focus of these gestures. The front bending of the head or spine is flexion, while any reverse movement is extended. Abduction and adduction are motions of the arms, wrists, fingertips or toes in the plane of coronal movement (medial-lateral). The abduction is to move the limb or hand away or spread the fingers or toes on the side of the body. The auction takes the extremity or hand to or through the centre of the body, or it puts together the fingers or toes. Circumduction involves motion in a circular pattern of the limb, hand or finger using a series mixture of action of flexion, adduction, extension and abduction. The shoulder, elbow, wrist, metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints are supplied/abducted and circumducted. Turning the head to the side or twisting the body rotates. Medial and side rotation of the upper limb at the hip or lower limb involves turning the anterior surface of the limb towards the medial or external rotation of the body and/or away from the midline. Flexion and extension are motions within the sagittal plane that include anterior and posterior body or limb movements. The anterior (forward) bending of neck or body is the stretching of the vertebral column, while the contraction requires a post-directed gesture, e.g. from a bent posture or from backward bending. Lateral flexion means that the neck or body is bent to the right or to the left. The motions of the vertebral column include both the intervertebral symphysis joint as well as the plane synovial joint formed between the lower articular processes of one vertebra and the upper articular processes of the other vertebra.

In the arms, folding lower the distance between the bones, while extending it raises the angle and straightens the joint. All anterior movements for the upper limb are flexion and all retrospective movements are an extension. These include atrial motions of the arm of the shoulder, the forearm of the elbow, the hand on the wrist and the fingertips on metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal articulations. For the thumb, the thumb is moved away from the hand, within the same plane as the palm, while the thumb is pulled back against the index finger or the palm by flexion.