India's Border Security Force (BSF) soldiers patrol along the fenced border with Pakistan in Ranbir Singh Pura sector near Jammu February 26, 2019. Mukesh Gupta | Reuters

Even in this eventful week, nothing came close to matching the perilous significance of the unprecedented airstrikes between Pakistan and India, escalating the risk of war between two nuclear powers. Headlines in the United States focused more on President Donald Trump's former lawyer turning on him before Congress and on the president's fruitless Vietnam meeting with North Korean dictator Kim Jong Un. Though that made for one of the Trump administration's more difficult weeks, it is the South Asian nail-biter that deserves our urgent attention. India's strike on what it said was a terrorist camp inside Pakistan proper on Tuesday followed the next day by Pakistan's responding strike on Indian-administered Kashmir mark the first time any nuclear power has carried out airstrikes in another nuclear power's territory. "The escalation ladder … between these two nuclear-armed neighbors remains very steep," warned the Atlantic Council's Shuja Nawaz. Given both sides' standoff weapons that can be launched from air platforms and given increased talk of using miniaturized tactical nuclear weapons, Nawaz saw a risk that "a full-scale war, involving dozens of nuclear weapons, could engulf the subcontinent with grave consequences for the whole region and the world." Fortunately, former cricketer and now-Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan defused further immediate escalation with the release on Friday evening (local time) of an Indian pilot who had been captured after he ejected over Pakistani-administered Kashmir. However, don't make the mistake of shrugging off the week's events as just another one of the occasional Indian-Pakistani dust-ups. There were aspects of this military exchange that were qualitatively new and troublesome. The changing nature of both countries' nuclear arsenals raises new dangers. Beyond that, a hardening of politics in India and Pakistan's inability to seriously take on jihadi terrorist groups operating from its territory contribute to a combustive mix that won't go away even after India's national elections in April. Hence, it's time for the two countries' international partners to insist they engage urgently in talks to better manage their relationship; and to find ways to assist Pakistan in deradicalizing and deweaponizing the jihadi groups that still exist inside its borders.

Relations in downward spiral

"I ask India: 'With the weapons you have and the weapons we have, can we really afford a miscalculation?" said Khan after a meeting of the National Security Council and the authority that controls Pakistan's nuclear weapons. "Let's sit and settle this with talks." Relations between Pakistan and India, though always tense, spiraled downward after a terrorist suicide attack on Feb. 14 in Kashmir killed 40 Indian policemen. Though it was carried out by a local Kashmiri, the Pakistan-based military group Jaish-e-Mohammed, or JeM, claimed responsibility. It was the deadliest terrorist event in India in over a decade. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, even if he had not been facing elections, would have had to respond. On Feb. 26, India launched an air strike against what the country's officials said was a terrorist camp run by the JeM in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, within Pakistani territory. India claimed 300 jihadis were killed, while Pakistani officials said India merely pounded an uninhabited jungle where a camp once existed. Whatever the truth, Indian jets had penetrated Pakistani territory apparently undetected, executing an assault within 60 miles of the country's capital, Islamabad. The following day, Pakistani aircraft struck back at several sites in Indian-administered Kashmir, without giving too many details. In the air fight that followed, as Indian aircraft apparently gave chase, both sides claim to have shot down each other's aircraft. All that's certain is that one Indian jet was downed and its pilot ejected. In all the hostilities over the years around the disputed state of Kashmir, this week marked the first time since both countries gained nuclear power status that either side has sent fighter jets across the frontier. In the past, the modus operandi has been exchanges of artillery barrages or, on occasion, sending soldiers on limited, cross-border missions. The airstrikes of this week have changed the understood rules of engagement, resulting in risks that were the greatest since the two sides' all-out war of 1971.

All those nuclear weapons