For years, the subways have been dirty, slow and unreliable. Maybe you’ve noticed.

To fix that, transit leaders said they needed money — a lot of it. In February, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority board voted to increase subway and bus fares, and tolls on bridges.

Those higher subway and bus fares went into effect yesterday. (The higher bridge and tunnel tolls began last month.) The price of a single-ride MetroCard will remain $3, and base fares will remain $2.75.

Though service has declined for years, solutions only now seem to be coming. Why? The answer may lie in last year’s race for governor, when Governor Cuomo was challenged by the actress Cynthia Nixon. Though Mr. Cuomo easily won, the public seems to remember a tenet of Ms. Nixon’s campaign: Mr. Cuomo controls the subways.

Now he’s very involved.

What are the new costs for riding subways and buses?

7-day MetroCards: $33, up from $32.

30-day MetroCards: $127, up from $121.

Express bus rides: $6.75, up from $6.50. Also, coins will no longer be accepted as payment on express buses.

Some commuter rail fares increased about 4 percent. Here is a list of new Long Island Rail Road fares. Here are the new fares for Metro-North’s Harlem, Hudson and New Haven lines.

Who’s in charge

Andy Byford was hired in 2017 as president of New York City Transit, an arm of the M.T.A. His boss is Mr. Cuomo.

The two men did not speak from January to April, my colleague Emma G. Fitzsimmons reported. Now tensions between them have escalated.