An Israeli court has sentenced a soldier to 18 months in prison for killing a Palestinian attacker who was lying injured on the ground, capping one of the most divisive trials in Israel's history.

Key points: Palestinians outraged at sentence

Palestinians outraged at sentence Azaria's lawyers say manslaughter conviction will be appealed

Azaria's lawyers say manslaughter conviction will be appealed People rally in support of convicted soldier

Eleven months ago, Elor Azaria was serving as an army medic in the town of Hebron in the occupied West Bank when two Palestinians stabbed and injured another soldier.

One of the assailants was shot dead by troops. The other was shot and injured.

Eleven minutes later, as the injured man, Abd Elfatah Ashareef, 21, lay on the ground unable to move, Azaria, then 19, took aim with his rifle, shooting him in the head.

With the 50th anniversary of Israel's wartime capture of the West Bank approaching, the trial generated debate about whether the military, in accusing Azaria of violating open-fire rules and its ethical code, was out of touch with a public that has shifted to the right in its attitudes towards the Palestinians.

In one poll, nearly half of Israeli Jews said any Palestinian attacker should be killed on the spot.

A three-judge military court convicted Azaria of manslaughter last month, a crime that carries a maximum 20-year term.

Prosecutors had asked for a three-to-five-year sentence, noting the soldier had shot an assailant who had carried out an attack only minutes earlier.

Passing an 18-month sentence, the court said Azaria, whom it demoted from the rank of sergeant to private, had "taken upon himself to be both judge and executioner" and had not expressed regret for his crime.

But it said it was passing a lighter sentence than requested partly because it had been Azaria's first combat experience and his record had been unblemished up until then.

Nonetheless, Ilan Katz, one of Azaria's defence lawyers, said the team would appeal the manslaughter conviction.

"They are laughing at us," Ashareef's father, Yusri, said after the sentence was announced.

The Palestinian authorities said the decision gave Israeli soldiers a "green light" to carry out "executions" without fear of real punishment.

'He deserves to die': Azaria

It seemed unlikely that the sentence would lead to any significant outbreak of anti-Israeli violence, which has largely waned since a flurry of street attacks that began in October 2015.

Palestinians have long accused Israel of using excessive force against lightly armed attackers, and harbour few expectations soldiers will be held accountable.

Demonstrators have been rallying in support of Elor Azaria during the trial. ( AP: Oded Balilty )

At his trial, Azaria said he believed the Palestinian, though motionless, still posed a danger because his knife was nearby, and that he might have been carrying explosives.

"He deserves to die," Azaria was quoted in the verdict as telling another soldier after pulling the trigger.

After the sentencing, there was no immediate comment from Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who is on an official visit to Singapore and Australia.

Shortly after Azaria's arrest, the right-wing leader took the unusual step of calling the soldier's family to express his sympathy.

Israeli Defence Minister Avigdor Lieberman, commenting on Facebook after the jail term was announced, said the "terrorist had come to kill Jews and everyone must take this into account".

Rallies for Azaria, some backed by right-wing politicians and pop singers, gathered momentum as the trial progressed.

"Israel's Hero", read one sign at a demonstration attended by dozens of supporters near the courtroom as the sentence was read out.

In the courtroom, in a military base in central Tel Aviv, Azaria's family and friends sang Hatikva, the Israeli national anthem, after the judges left.

Azaria, confined to his camp during the trial, was ordered to begin serving his sentence on March 5.

Reuters/AP