protect the inhabitants from cosmic radiation

for larger structures the obvious choice is to build underground

large vertical central void

Simple diagram of the design:

When building on Mars you need to seriously consider measures to. You can cover your very first Martian outpost with few meters of regolith or use expensive materials with radiation blocking properties but. Lava tubes could be a solution but they are not present everywhere on Mars. So most likely you will need to dig your habitats.One of the building types perfect for Mars could be earthscrapers (or would you call themon Mars?) - inverted underground skyscrapers with(covered with a transparent dome on the surface) for natural lighting. The living and public space is arranged in multiple levels encircling that central void. Here is an example of such structure designed by Fernando Castiñeira, Hernan Goldfarb, Alejandro Ispani, Alex Nelken, Javier Maratea & Malena Verni forby eVolo.us