The survey took place between 26 and 29 September 2014 and was conducted throughout all of Russia in both urban and rural settings. The survey was carried out among 1630 people over the age of 18 in 134 localities of 46 of the country’s regions. The answer distribution is presented as percentages of the number of participants along with data from previous surveys. The statistical error of these studies does not exceed 3.4%.

DO YOU THINK THAT RUSSIA NEEDS DEMOCRACY?

Oct. 11 Aug. 13 Sep. 14 Yes, Russia needs democracy 61 56 62 No, the democratic form of government is not for Russia 25 22 24 It is difficult to say 14 22 14

WHICH KIND OF DEMOCRACY DOES RUSSIA NEED?

Oct. 11 Aug. 13 Sep. 14 The same as in the developed countries of Europe and in America 19 26 13 The same as it was in the Soviet Union 14 17 16 A completely special kind that corresponds with the national traditions and specific character of Russia 49 34 55 Russia does not need democracy 7 8 5 It is difficult to say 11 16 11

DO YOU THINK THAT RUSSIA NEEDS WESTERN-STYLE DEMOCRACY?

Oct. 08 Sep. 14 It is necessary for Russia’s development 9 5 It is suitable for Russia, but it requires substantial changes linked to the special character of our country 44 39 It is not suitable for Russia, it is destructive for Russia 35 45 It is difficult to say 13 11

DO YOU THINK THAT RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE WEST CAN EVER BE TRULY FRIENDLY, OR WILL THEY ALWAYS BE BUILT ON MISTRUST?

Nov. 99* Apr. 02 May. 03 Jun. 05 Apr. 06 Oct. 08 Sep. 14 They can be truly friendly 52 39 39 44 35 34 26 They will always be built on mistrust 38 51 47 42 54 52 64 It is difficult to say 10 11 14 14 11 14 10

* The question was asked in the following way: “WHICH OF THE STATEMENTS DO YOU RELATE TO MOST CLOSELY: RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE WEST CAN BE TRULY FRIENDLY, OR RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE WEST WILL ALWAYS BE BASED ON MISTRUST?”

The following options were totaled: “completely agree with first statement” and “mostly agree with first statement,” ”mostly agree with second statement” and “completely agree with second statement.”

TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU PERCEIVE YOUR SELF-IDENTITY TO BE ALIGNED WITH WESTERN VALUES?

Oct. 08 Sep. 14 Western self-identity is my permanent state of mind 3 2 Self-identification as a person of western values is reasonably important to me 7 12 Self-identification as a person of western values is not very important to me 32 37 I don’t perceive myself as a person of western values at all 54 43 It is difficult to say 5 6

WHAT IS YOUR OVERALL ATTITUDE TO “WESTERN WAY OF LIFE”: POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE?

Oct. 08 Sep. 14 Positive 46 34 Negative 30 42 It is difficult to say 25 25

IF YOU HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO CHOOSE, WOULD YOU WANT TO LIVE AND WORK IN THE WEST?

Oct. 08 Sep. 14 Definitely yes 6 4 Mostly yes 18 14 Mostly not 30 34 Definitely not 37 36 it is difficult to say 9 12

WHAT MOST OF ALL MAKES YOU THINK THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO LIVE AND WORK IN THE WEST?

Oct. 08 Sep. 14 Better living conditions, a more comfortable lifestyle abroad 25 20 Desire to provide your children with a better and more secure future 17 19 Absence of reliable protection from the abuse of power and bureaucrats in Russia 16 15 Bad working and business conditions in Russia 16 14 Expansive guarantees of receiving quality medical care and retirement provisions abroad 13 14 More reliable jobs and a better opportunity for self-realization and career advancement abroad 15 14 Crime, terrorism and other threats to life in Russia 11 7 Greater awareness with regard to ecology and a clean environment abroad 7 6 Threat of political and economic destabilization in Russia 9 6 A free country with the the rule of law, where your rights and freedoms are protected 10 5 The current political system in Russia 4 4 Other 1 1 Nothing attracts me to life and work in the West 36 43 It is difficult to say 12 8

WHAT IS YOUR ATTITUDE TOWARD THE FACT THAT MANY RUSSIANS VACATION IN THE WEST, AS WELL AS BUY PROPERTY, HOLD BANK ACCOUNTS, AND SEND THEIR CHILDREN TO STUDY IN THE WEST?

Oct. 08 Apr. 13 Sep. 14 Positive, I consider it normal 36 18 26 Neutral, it does not bother me 45 48 50 Negative, it annoys me 17 31 21 It is difficult to say 2 3 3

ARE YOU MORE OR LESS FLUENT IN AT LEAST ONE FOREIGN LANGUAGE?

Nov. 95 Jul. 08 Sep. 11 Sep. 12 Sep. 14 Yes 10 15 14 9 16 No 89 84 86 91 84 No answer <1 <1 <1 1 1

DO YOU VACATION ABROAD, AND, IF SO, HOW OFTEN?

Jul. 08 Sep. 11 Sep. 12 Sep. 14 Two or more times per year 2 1 1 2 Once per year 4 5 5 9 Once per two years 3 4 4 6 Rarely 9 9 9 14 Never have taken leave abroad 82 78 78 68 It is difficult to say 2 4 4 2

WOULD YOU WANT TO TRAVEL ABROAD FOR…

Work Study Permanent residence Definitely yes Sep.11 10 6 7 Sep.14 5 3 3 Mostly yes Sep.11 18 10 11 Sep.14 16 12 8 Mostly no Sep.11 24 29 25 Sep.14 23 23 24 Definitely not Sep.11 45 51 51 Sep.14 51 56 58 It is difficult to say Sep.11 4 4 6 Sep.14 7 6 8

Distribution of responses depending on whether or not respondents had been on vacation abroad

Avg. Respondents who have been abroad Respondents who have not been abroad DO YOU THINK THAT RUSSIA NEEDS DEMOCRACY? Yes, Russia needs democracy 62 70 58 No, the democratic form of government is not for Russia 24 16 28 It is difficult to say 14 14 14 WHICH KIND OF DEMOCRACY DOES RUSSIA NEED? The same as in the developed countries of Europe and in America 13 22 9 The same as it was in the Soviet Union 16 9 19 A completely special kind that corresponds with the national traditions and specific character of Russia 55 57 55 Russia does not need democracy 5 4 6 It is difficult to say 11 9 12 DO YOU THINK THAT RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE WEST CAN EVER BE TRULY FRIENDLY, OR WILL THEY ALWAYS BE BUILT ON MISTRUST? They can be truly friendly 26 33 22 They will always be built on mistrust 64 58 67 It is difficult to say 10 9 11 TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU PERCEIVE YOUR SELF-IDENTITY TO BE ALIGNED WITH WESTERN VALUES? Western self-identity is my permanent state of mind 2 2 2 Self-identification as a person of western values is reasonably important to me 12 15 10 Self-identification as a person of western values is not very important to me 37 48 31 I don’t perceive myself as a person of western values at all 43 29 50 It is difficult to say 6 5 7 WHAT IS YOUR OVERALL ATTITUDE TO “WESTERN WAY OF LIFE”: POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE? Positive 34 50 27 Negative 42 23 51 It is difficult to say 25 26 23

Distribution of responses depending on fluency in foreign languages by respondents

Avg. Respondents who speak at least one foreign language Respondents who do not know any foreign languages DO YOU THINK THAT RUSSIA NEEDS DEMOCRACY? Yes, Russia needs democracy 62 71 60 No, the democratic form of government is not for Russia 24 14 26 It is difficult to say 14 15 14 WHICH KIND OF DEMOCRACY DOES RUSSIA NEED? The same as in the developed countries of Europe and in America 13 14 12 The same as in the Soviet Union 16 18 15 A completely special kind that corresponds with the national traditions and specific character of Russia 55 58 55 Russia does not need democracy 5 2 6 It is difficult to say 11 10 12 DO YOU THINK THAT RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE WEST CAN EVER BE TRULY FRIENDLY, OR WILL THEY ALWAYS BE BUILT ON MISTRUST? They can be truly friendly 26 43 22 They will always be built on mistrust 64 49 67 It is difficult to say 10 8 11 TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU PERCEIVE YOUR SELF-IDENTITY TO BE ALIGNED WITH WESTERN VALUES? Western self-identity is my permanent state of mind 2 2 3 Self-identification as a person of western values is reasonably important to me 12 18 11 Self-identification as a person of western values is not very important to me 37 53 34 I don’t perceive myself as a person of western values at all 43 22 47 It is difficult to say 6 5 7 WHAT IS YOUR OVERALL ATTITUDE TO “WESTERN WAY OF LIFE”: POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE? Positive 34 46 32 Negative 42 35 43 It is difficult to say 25 18 26

Translated by the Graduate Initiative in Russian Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies.