Best Overall for Custom Messaging

Garmin inReach Mini

78 OVERALL

SCORE SOS/Emergency Messaging - 30% 7

Non-Emergency Messaging - 25% 9

Signal Coverage - 20% 8

Ease of Use - 15% 6

Portability - 10% 9

Awesome two-way messaging Smartphone interface works well Small and light Satellite texting only. No continuity onto cell/wifi Texting on the device is tedious

3.5 oz |: 50 hours

The Garmin inReach Mini is tied for the best messaging device in our test group. It pairs with an app on your phone and can send and receive many types of messages. It offers customized individual text streams, bulk pre-programmed messages (so you don't have to type out the same "I'm doing fine" message to each person), and GPS and web-linked live tracking. Depending on terrain, we rarely had to wait more than five minutes to acquire a satellite signal, and the device confirms whether your messages were sent or not. While we didn't trigger the SOS button in the field, we like its design. We also appreciate that the latest iteration of this device makes it difficult to send a signal accidentally but is not challenging to use quickly if you need to. The inReach Mini lives up to its name — a device with almost no function compromises that is small enough for everyone to take literally everywhere. If you can't justify carrying less than 4 ounces of such effective communication technology on your adventure, we want to hear about it.

The Mini is expensive at the outset, but worth it if you want to send and receive a lot of messages in the field. Garmin's unlimited text messaging plan is more cost-effective than a SAT phone, and the messaging functionality is better. You can still send messages from the device if your smartphone runs out of batteries, and it also has fully featured GPS capabilities and weather forecasting. If you want longer battery life or more advanced navigational features, check out the Garmin inReach Explorer+. We prefer to separate our satellite communication and navigation devices, and usually use smartphones to navigate. Our only further wish of the Mini is that its app text messaging were seamless from satellite to wifi/cell signal. That attribute, appearing on all the newer messengers, is of great value when your travels take you in and out of cell contact.

Read review: Garmin inReach Mini

Best Overall for Seamless Messaging

ZOLEO Satellite Communicator

75 OVERALL

SCORE SOS/Emergency Messaging - 30% 7

Non-Emergency Messaging - 25% 8

Signal Coverage - 20% 8

Ease of Use - 15% 7

Portability - 10% 7

Compact Seamless messaging across satellite and cell/wifi SOS and check-in message on device and in app No custom messaging to or from device alone No live tracking

5.3 oz |: 200+ messages

The ZOLEO Satellite Communicator is a brand new entry from a brand new player. ZOLEO did their homework and deliver a mature, slick product, app, and service. Price is competitive with the others, the hardware is confidence-inspiring and offers options, and the app is reliable and intuitive. We especially like that, similar to other recent market additions, text messaging in the ZOLEO app can be done with satellite signal in the wild and continues without interruption when the user and their smartphone return to cell or wifi reception. For travels in and out of civilization (thru-hiking? International expeditions?), this attribute greatly smooths routine communications.

The ZOLEO is full function and works well. It employs proven auxiliary services like the Iridium satellite network and the GEOS dispatch office. All the included features and attributes worked well for us in months of testing. You can use all the ZOLEO features from within the app. On the device itself, you can deduce some information about signal and battery life. You can also send an SOS and an "OK Message" directly from the device. Our only wishes are that you could send and view custom messages from the device itself and that the ZOLEO enabled live, passive tracking. The other EC winner, detailed above, is a little smaller yet still does both these things. You can't currently buy a satellite messenger that does it all. Choose the ZOLEO for seamless messaging and choose the inReach Mini for its redundancy of custom-messaging and passive tracking feature.

Read full review: ZOLEO Satellite Communicator

Best Bang for the Buck for Global Coverage

Somewear Global Hotspot





$350 List List Price See It



71 OVERALL

SCORE SOS/Emergency Messaging - 30% 7

Non-Emergency Messaging - 25% 6

Signal Coverage - 20% 8

Ease of Use - 15% 7

Portability - 10% 8

Compact and light Flexible and affordable subscription options Uses proven satellite network and SOS dispatch No messaging without a smartphone Long, 30 min tracking interval

4.1 oz |: 1000 messages

The Somewear Global Hotspot is a piece of hardware from a relatively new start-up that uses a proven satellite network and SOS monitoring service. The device itself is compact, light, and low profile. With the nearly simultaneous launch of a small handful of similar devices and services, the competitors are being forced to compete on price. The initial purchase price of the Global Hotspot is similar to the other options, but the subscription plans are a little less expensive than average. Depending on how you intend to use your wilderness communicator, the Global Hotspot can be much less expensive than the alternatives. For instance, with their "Plan Ultralight," you can use the Hotspot a few times a month, over five years, for hundreds of dollars less than using another device in the same way.

There are some drawbacks to the Hotspot. Most notably, there is no way to send or view text messages on the device itself. All you can do with the device alone is turn it off and on and send an SOS message. With the Editors' Choice inReach Mini you can use it to view or send rudimentary messages directly on the device and through the phone app. Overall, we find the Somewear to be reliable and simple. Ponder its pros and cons as compared to the two Editors' Choices and see if the cost savings are worthwhile to you.

Read review: Somewear Global Hotspot

Best Value for SOS Only

Ocean Signal rescueME PLB1

63 OVERALL

SCORE SOS/Emergency Messaging - 30% 9

Non-Emergency Messaging - 25% 1

Signal Coverage - 20% 9

Ease of Use - 15% 5

Portability - 10% 8

Dual-frequency SOS transmission COSPAS/SARSAT is very reliable No annual fees Easy to operate one-handed (even with gloves) Lacks 2-way messaging Lacks non-emergency messaging

4.0 oz |: 24 hours

If messaging is not important to you, and you're looking for an emergency signaling device only, the Ocean Signal rescueME PLB1 is your best option. It is a little expensive upfront, but there are no annual fees or subscription plans required. It broadcasts a distress signal through two radio channels, 406 MHz and 121.5 MHz. They are sent, respectively, to a monitored satellite network and a local aircraft distress frequency. The powerful transmission is sent on the military's reliable COSPAS/SARSAT network.

Unfortunately, this personal locator beacon does not in any way confirm that someone has received your distress signal. The Ocean Signal PLB1 is an excellent option for pure, personal locator beacon SOS functions and offers a solid value. But the two-way messaging of many of the other options makes them more useful products overall.

Read review Ocean Signal rescueME PLB1

Best Bang for the Buck for US Two-way Messaging

Higher Ground SatPaq





$250 List List Price See It



59 OVERALL

SCORE SOS/Emergency Messaging - 30% 6

Non-Emergency Messaging - 25% 6

Signal Coverage - 20% 5

Ease of Use - 15% 5

Portability - 10% 8

Low purchase and operating cost Stable satellite signal, once acquired Seamless messaging in and out of cell signal Requires attachment to smartphone and cumbersome aiming No live tracking Only covers the United States

4.4 oz |: 150-200 messages

The Higher Ground SatPaq is one of the more innovative new entries to the satellite communication market in years. For nearly a decade now, messaging devices and services have used one of the same three satellite networks. The SatPaq is currently alone in employing an entirely different satellite technology and infrastructure. Essentially, Higher Ground has licensed bandwidth on a single, very high altitude satellite that "sees" all of North America, and sees it from the same angle all the time. With this arrangement, relative to the other two-way satellite messaging technologies available, they can offer inexpensive service and, once acquired, stable satellite connection over time. The end result of the technology, device, and business structure is that you have access to fully flexible, pre-paid satellite two-way messaging, inside the United States, for far less cost than any other option available.

On the flip side, the SatPaq does not work anywhere in the world outside of North America. It is not licensed outside the United States. Further, given that the satellite is so far from earth, the antenna in your SatPaq device must be aimed very carefully. To do so, Higher Ground designed a slick app that uses your smartphone screen to aim the device. You have to attach device and smartphone together for this. When you get a satellite signal, it will stay good for hours and days, unbroken. Where you can't get satellite signal right now, you won't ever get satellite signal (and the SatPaq signal is subject to all the same issues of any satellite communication network: it won't communicate through anything solid like cliffs, canyon walls, buildings, or foliage.)

Read full review: Higher Ground SatPaq

Best for Standalone Use

SPOT X

69 OVERALL

SCORE SOS/Emergency Messaging - 30% 7

Non-Emergency Messaging - 25% 8

Signal Coverage - 20% 6

Ease of Use - 15% 7

Portability - 10% 5

2-way messaging Low initial purchase price Built-in physical keyboard Bulky Potential durability issues

6.8 oz |: 240 hours

Like all of our Top Pick winners, the SPOT X fills a niche. This is a two-way, satellite-linked, backcountry messaging device that works entirely on its own. The built-in physical QWERTY keyboard distinguishes it from any of the competitors. With this keyboard, the user can text readily without needing to link to a separate, battery-draining device. If you prefer a smartphone interface, the newest version of the SPOT X (denoted as "with Bluetooth" and released mid-2019) can be linked to a smartphone app for use that way.

The SPOT X is unique, but it is exceeded in some ways by its close competitors, particularly in regards to size and satellite system used. Additionally, we had part of the antenna of the first (of 2) SPOT X we tested come apart. Functionality did not change with this issue, but it's not encouraging. These drawbacks are not at all deal breakers. If that physical keyboard and its benefits appeal to you, there is no reason not to choose the SPOT X.

Read review: SPOT X

Wilderness adventures of all kinds are suitable venues for testing satellite communications. We are thankful to have never activated SOS functionality on any device we've used.

Why You Should Trust Us

This review was crafted by Jediah Porter. Aside from testing gear, Jed's primary work is in all kinds of mountain guiding. Whether on rock, ice, alpine, or ski mountaineering trips, Jed works full-time all around the world. In each of the couple most recent years, he has racked up over 500,000 vertical feet of human-powered ascent. Aside from climbing and skiing, you can find him dabbling in mountain biking, canoeing, hunting, fishing, trail running, and occasional adventure travel touristing. He almost always brings a satellite messenger or personal locator beacon along on his adventures. Jed brings a level of professionalism, competence, and experience that we needed when testing these important safety devices. Before taking over this category, he consulted for a few years for one of the major satellite communication networks.

We started things off by carefully selecting ten models of satellite messenger and personal locator beacons. At OutdoorGearLab, we don't always test every product in a category, but with PLBs and Satellite Messengers, we can test nearly every option. Especially in the two-way satellite messaging device sub-category, we work to get every single new option in our hands. We may be missing something, but we don't think so. The end result is a set of ten tested products that represent basically all of the available satellite communication options currently on the market. We then purchased and activated these beacons and put them to the test for over 200 hours, side-by-side in several distinct situations and locations. Test settings included all the close-to-home adventures in the US, plus navigating complex shorelines by boat in the Bahamas, skiing in Chamonix, climbing in Argentina, mountaineering in Peru, traveling Puerto Rican jungles, a ski traverse in Chile, and coordinating aircraft charter in Alaska.

We augmented field tests with consultation and lab tests. Lab tests included water submersion and cooling to -5C. We paid special attention to how well the devices did things most important in the function of a messenger/beacon, like message transmission, signal coverage, and ease of use. We also consulted with SAR experts and engineers most familiar with the underlying technology. If you're looking for a comprehensive resource to help you find the device that will work best for you, you've come to the right place.

Related: How We Tested Personal Locator Beacons

Analysis and Test Results

At a recent talk on risk management, world-renowned adventurer Will Gadd offered to buy a two-way satellite messenger for anyone who can't afford their own. We're not sure he was serious, but his point is clear — emergency communication is now a part of the outdoor experience. Some of the world's greatest adventures take place beyond the reach of a modern cell signal. To summon emergency assistance and to communicate more routine matters from these wild settings, special technology — like personal locator beacons and sat messengers — is required.

How Long Do Rescues Take?

The entire communication process, from activating your personal locator beacon's SOS function to notifying local Search and Rescue (SAR) resources, can take seconds to a couple of hours. Local, on-the-ground SAR response time will vary from hours to days, regardless of the technology used to summon help. Response time following notification depends on local fiscal and political factors, terrain, weather, concurrent emergencies, and a whole host of other things. Educate thyself on the SAR resources where you choose to recreate. All the satellite-linked (and cellular, for that matter) communication systems are similar enough in speed that they are essentially equal. It is local response resources and conditions that make your emergency resolution time vary the most The entire communication process, from activating your personal locator beacon's SOS function to notifying local Search and Rescue (SAR) resources, can take seconds to a couple of hours. Local, on-the-ground SAR response time will vary from hours to days, regardless of the technology used to summon help. Response time following notification depends on local fiscal and political factors, terrain, weather, concurrent emergencies, and a whole host of other things. Educate thyself on the SAR resources where you choose to recreate. All the satellite-linked (and cellular, for that matter) communication systems are similar enough in speed that they are essentially equal. It is local response resources and conditions that make your emergency resolution time vary the most

[related=how to best use your activity tracker and handheld gps]

Value

The initial purchase price of a personal locator beacon or satellite messenger is only part of the equation. Some devices require subscription plans that vary over time, making comprehensive comparisons difficult. We can, though, make some authoritative recommendations.

For SOS/Emergency use only, the best value is a device on the COSPAS/SARSAT network. The Ocean Signal and ACR devices are two examples. Currently, the Ocean Signal rescueME PLB1 is one of our Best Buy award winners for its access to the proven and free international satellite SAR network and its tiny size. The Editors' Choice-winning ZOLEO also provides fantastic value — some of the best in our entire review — and does it on the Iridium satellite network.

Note that the initial purchase price is only part of your decision. Some devices may be a much higher upfront cost but, when leveraging in the cost of activation and subscription plans, end up being closer in price — or even cheaper — over the long haul.

Many numbers in the "Monthly plan price. One month each year" column are the sum of various costs, only part of which could be active service. Including, but not limited to, flexible plan activation fees, suspension fees, etc.

Some of the newer offerings (the BivyStick, Editors' Choice ZOLEO, and Best Buy winners Somewear Labs Global Hotspot and SatPaq) shake up the subscription options further. All of these low- to no-commitment subscription plans are equal or better to those offered by the established competitors. In two major use patterns, the SatPaq is hundreds of dollars less expensive (over a five-year use cycle) than other two-way messengers.

Should You Navigate With Your Satellite Messenger?

The devices we test here are meant, first and foremost, to communicate to the outside world. In the event of an emergency, the most critical information you can send is where you are and that you need help. The GPS antenna provides the location information. Once the hardware is there, it is a simple thing to add software that leverages this GPS information for more routine navigation. Some of the devices we review have navigation features. However, the fact is that these navigation features are afterthoughts and they drain the battery of a potentially vital piece of communication equipment. Modern smartphone apps and stand-alone handheld GPS devices work so much better for navigation than your satellite messenger. We strongly recommend using a smartphone or a handheld GPS as your primary navigation mode. Because of that, we downplay (basically ignore) the navigational attributes of the satellite messengers we have assessed. If you are planning to do any navigation with your wilderness communication device, your only reasonable option, due to its extended battery life, is the Garmin inReach Explorer+. Modern smartphone apps and stand-alone handheld GPS devices work so much better for navigation than your satellite messenger. We strongly recommend using a smartphone or a handheld GPS as your primary navigation mode. Because of that, we downplay (basically ignore) the navigational attributes of the satellite messengers we have assessed. If you are planning to do any navigation with your wilderness communication device, your only reasonable option, due to its extended battery life, is the

SOS/Emergency Messaging

Sending an emergency signal is the primary reason to carry a communication device into the wilderness. It's also the metric that unites the category. All of these devices, with varying degrees of effectiveness, can be used to summon help in the event of a life or limb emergency. SAR experts confirm that the most important information to relate is 1. Where you are and, 2. How bad it is. When you push the SOS button on a personal locator beacon, you are sending your GPS coordinates and saying, "This is really, really bad." The uncertainty in a simple "help" notification implies the gravity of the situation. With satellite SOS transmission, you are saying, "Get here as fast as possible."

The SPOT Gen3's SOS button has a protective cover, but it's really easy to brush aside. If you activate it accidentally, just press it again until the light blinks red.

Effective SOS messaging (read: help is summoned, acquired, and is helpful) requires a few steps and connects a few players. Let us spell out how it works and how different categories of devices accomplish these steps.

First, you absolutely need to have a device, current registration, a clear view of the sky, and the wherewithal and mobility to activate the SOS feature of your device. Don't take these things for granted. It is entirely possible to find yourself in an emergency without one or more of these essential things in your favor. The wilderness is dangerous. No piece of equipment will eliminate that danger. Your emergency needs to be one that still gives you some time. Satellite communications can be nearly instant, but wilderness emergency response will take hours or days in even the most accessible of wild spaces.

Provided your emergency fits the above criteria, your device sends a signal to one of just four satellite networks. We review equipment from eight different brands, but they all use one of these four satellite networks. Once your distress signal reaches its satellite network, it needs to get to a staffed, terrestrial dispatch service. Across the eight brands we review, only two operations provide all monitoring and dispatch services. The staff at those services will identify your location and then work to secure local assistance for you. Your message will methodically funnel to local resources. It is likely that, regardless of how your message goes out, the local SAR response will be the same. This response depends on way too many factors to list here. Do your homework to know what your SAR options are for any given adventure.

For wilderness travel of any kind, the communication products on the market as of early 2020 are crucial and super useful.

SOS messaging says, "I am here, and I am in dire need of assistance." In the worst of emergencies, this is all that SAR needs to know. Of course, being able to relate more nuanced information and being able to answer questions from SAR responders is of great value. Satellite messengers or personal locator beacons that allow two-way, customized communication improve emergency response.

The ACR ResQLink View and Best Buy Ocean Signal PLB1 both use the COSPAS/SARSAT system. Functionally, for emergency messaging, these are identical.

Both SPOT devices, both Garmin inReach devices, the Somewear Global Hotspot, SatPaq, ZOLEO, and the BivyStick use private networks and emergency dispatch systems. Aside from coverage differences, elaborated below, they work the same for SOS messaging. Of these, only the SPOT Gen3 doesn't allow two-way messaging in any context. With the rest of the aforementioned private sector devices and services, you can text back and forth with the team coordinating your emergency response.

In summary, the inReach, ZOLEO, SatPaq, Global Hotspot, BivyStick, and SPOT X are the best for emergency messaging, because of the opportunity to send and receive more nuanced information in an emergency. For "send help now" signaling, the Ocean Signal, ACR, and SPOT Gen3 are nearly indistinguishable and have long been proven to work.

Public — The COSPAS/SARSAT satellite network is a product of international government cooperation. Tax dollars fund it, and it is free to use. It has provided satellite SAR support for more than 30 years. This network covers the entire planet and, with rare exceptions, is for emergency use only. Private — These are for-profit services and partnerships operated by a corporation or corporations. One example is Globalstar, the network that supports SPOT devices. It currently does not cover the entire world. Be sure to research the Globalstar and SPOT coverage map. Another example is Iridium, which supports the Garmin inReach Mini and Explorer+. It covers the entire planet and its track record over the past 5-6 years has been less blemished than that of Globalstar's. The Iridium-supported devices we tested worked more reliably than the Globalstar-supported devices. Iridium and Globalstar enabled services work in partnership with an external monitoring and dispatch service. Finally, the Best Buy Higher Ground SatPaq uses a high altitude "geostationary" satellite that is more commonly used for cable TV distribution. Coincidentally, all of the non-COSPAS/SARSAT devices we tested route SOS messages through GEOS monitoring and dispatch. Currently, regardless of whether they travel on the Iridium, geostationary, or Globalstar space hardware, private-network emergency messages go to local SAR through GEOS. GEOS is a subcontractor that provides exactly this sort of monitoring service. There are two major types of emergency messaging networks used by devices in our review.

A glimpse of the size spread of some recent OGL satellite messengers. Left to Right: ACR AquaLink, Spot X, Somewear Labs Hotspot, InReach Mini, Ocean Signal PLB1.

Non-Emergency Messaging

Non-emergency messaging takes multiple forms on these devices. Some offer texting and location services that simulate smartphone functionality. Others provide the ability to send a simple "I am here, and I am OK" note. Some offer no option at all for non-emergency messaging. There is a wide range of features and performance. A different sort of non-emergency messaging is location tracking. Some devices can be configured to automatically send, on some preset interval, your location and a sort of implied status update.

Looking at it a different way, there are three major types of non-emergency messaging. First, there is two-way texting with or without location data attached. This is, of course, the most useful. Next, there are the transmission of manual "OK" messages, which usually have location data attached. Finally, there is automated tracking. Automated tracking is a function in which the device, on some predetermined time interval, will send location information to a front country correspondent. All these different sorts of messaging can go to web interfaces, phone numbers, or email addresses.

The inReach Explorer+ provides all forms of non-emergency communication. It and the Editors' Choice inReach Mini lead the market and lead our test, primarily for this reason. Similarly, the SPOT X, BivyStick, and Global Hotspot offer all the above forms of non-emergency communication. The Editors' Choice ZOLEO and Best Buy SatPaq each offer two-way texting and check-in messaging, but no tracking. The SPOT Gen3 has just two options for non-emergency communications. It has a preprogrammed "OK" message functionality, with location data attached, and it has a few different tracking mode configurations. The Best Buy rescueME PLB1 has only an SOS button and no non-emergency messaging.

The inReach Explorer+ works seamlessly with a smartphone app to send and receive text and location information.

COSPAS/SARSAT personal locator beacons do not offer much in the way of non-emergency communication. The ACR ResQLink View and Best Buy OceanSignal PLB1 provide no explicit non-emergency messaging. Previously (and perhaps again in the future), these provided, through an inexpensive subscription to 406Link, a device "test" procedure that sent notifications to friends and family, sometimes with location data attached. Implicit in these "test" messages was the idea that "I am here, my device works, I am well, and my plan is intact." The test message could imply whatever you and your informal emergency response network determined in advance.

This is nuanced. It is worth noting that, as of March 2020, ACR is suspending operation of its 406Link program. Their promotional materials, both online and included with new devices, suggests that the suspension of 406Link is temporary. Inquiries sent to ACR on the future status of 406Link go unanswered. Why all this is and when and whether or not it will return, we do not know. It is also not clear whether current 406Link subscriptions are working. What we do know is that a service like 406Link could greatly increase the functionality and value of your COSPAS/SARSAT device. We hope that it returns to functionality.

You might picture typical backpacking adventures when you think of a satellite messenger. But remote travel of any kind proves their utility. On a service farming trip in rural Puerto Rico in January 2019, we used satellite communications to coordinate logistics.

On the topic of non-emergency messaging, we have to make one further distinction. Of the products and services that offer two-way messaging, the newest options all allow their messaging app to work seamlessly on satellite signal and in cell/wifi. Neither SPOT X or either inReach apps allow you to send and receive messages over cell/wifi. With the apps from ZOLEO, SatPaq, BivyStick, and Global Hotspot, you can have one conversation that moves with you from satellite signal to cell and wifi. This is very nice for smooth communication on trips and for people that go in and out of the wilderness frequently

Signal Coverage

Each communication network has coverage limitations, and all satellite communications have inherent restrictions. Additionally, we found differences, even when coverage seemed intact, in the reliable transmission of sent messages. Because all remote communications are fraught, communication reliability is greatest when it can be "two-way." We know from experience with one-way devices that the field user can be "sending" messages that no one is getting. When the communications are "two-way," confirmation of receipt is a little clearer.

Satellite Coverage — Terrain, vegetation, structures, and electronic interference all compromise message transmissions, geographically and, in most cases, temporally. Regardless of the communication network or carrier you use, these terrestrial variables are important and can determine everything about your communication reliability. Some places have no satellite coverage ever. Other places will have windows when the signal is in and out. Few places have universal, perfect satellite coverage.

For reasons we hope are obvious, we could not and did not test the coverage and effectiveness of SOS messaging. Each device allows a sort of test mode, but this does not activate the entire SOS system on any device. Those of us who have not yet had a backcountry emergency have to trust the manufacturers and the experience of other less fortunate users. For these ratings, we rely on research and SAR consultation.

The ResQLink View and rescueME PLB1 use the same network and communication protocol. These can be tested, but the number of tests is limited by the life of the built-in, non-rechargeable battery. All these "COSPAS/SARSAT" devices confirm functionality with on-device lights. This is limited in its ability to comfort you, as it doesn't involve satellite confirmation. Decades of history and anecdotal evidence confirm the global coverage and effectiveness of the COSPAS/SARSAT system that these devices employ. Aside from institutional knowledge and the basic on-device testing we performed, we have no way to test signal coverage of these three emergency-only devices.

The other options are easier to test for range and coverage using their non-emergency communication options. Our goal was to verify manufacturer claims. We found that, by sending non-emergency messages from each, all work as intended. The SPOT satellite network covers the major terrestrial wilderness destinations of an American adventurer. SatPaq uses a satellite that covers North America and has a license that works in the United States. The inReach, Bivy, ZOLEO, and Somewear products use the same satellite network with global coverage. Within the inherent limitations of all satellite communications, the Editors' Choice inReach Mini truly does work everywhere we've tested it.

With the newest update, the SPOT X includes Bluetooth functionality and an associated app. This increases the overall utility of this Top Pick winner.

We also found subtle differences in message integrity. In a host of head-to-head tests, we found that the Iridium networked devices are a little faster and more reliable than the GlobalStar devices, even with what should be equal overhead coverage. Different devices, even from different brands, on the same network had signal speed and integrity that were statistically equal. Again, we found no real difference between message sending or receiving to and from devices on the same satellite network.

inReach, when paired with a smartphone, also allows the user to watch the progress of the message with clear visual confirmation. This is a lot nicer than trying to decipher the blinking lights on the SPOT Gen3, wondering if the message was sent or not. Since the chief feature of the Gen3 is its ability to send messages to your contacts, and the inReach performs message sending so much better, the inReach is quite clearly a superior device for this purpose. The SPOT X, especially in the latest Bluetooth version, rivals both inReach devices in non-emergency messaging.

On each COSPAS/SARSAT device are basic activation instructions. The ACR ResQLink (previous version) is on the left. The Best Buy OceanSignal PLB1 is on the right.

Ease of Use

Personal locator beacon and sat messenger ease of use is a function of set-up procedure and in-the-field interface clarity and options. Set up complications range from a simple, one-time online form to an ongoing process of charging and deploying devices to remote locations. In-the-field interfaces range from a button on the device, accompanied by flashing lights that must be decoded, or a paired smartphone app from which one can communicate and deduce various status information.

First, let us look at set up of each device. The COSPAS/SARSAT devices — the ResQLink View and Ocean Signal PLB1 — have identical set-up procedures. You fill out an online form and await the arrival, via mail, of your free registration sticker. Through the online interface, you can make changes down the road if needed.

Setting up the SPOT, BivyStick, Somewear, ZOLEO, SatPaq and Garmin inReach devices is similar. All require you to select a subscription plan. All have various features that you can choose to use. With both the SPOT and the inReach, you can and should tailor the address list that receives your "OK" messages and tracking notifications to each trip separately. The inReach, Bivy, ZOLEO, SatPaq, latest SPOT X, and Somewear devices each have an app and associated Bluetooth tethering.

In use, the COSPAS/SARSAT devices are super simple. For most people in most settings, the device will live in your emergency kit for years and years with no changes, maintenance, or deployment. The batteries are fixed and long-lasting. Since the only features are for emergency use, few will use the device at all. All of these that we have tested have rudimentary instructions printed right on the device. The instructions are accurate and effectively comprehensive. For SOS use, the SPOT Gen3, SPOT X, inReach Mini,ZOLEO, Somewear Hotspot, and inReach Explorer+ are almost as simple as the COSPAS/SARSAT devices. Simply activate the SOS mode from either the device or from the app. You can send a preprogrammed "OK Message" from the app of all two-way messengers. With the SPOT Gen3 you have to send the OK message from the device itself. With the inReach's, the SPOT X, ZOLEO, and Somewear Hotspot, you can send an OK message from the app or from the device itself. On the BivyStick and the SatPaq, OK messages can only be sent from within the app.

Here Benja texts, from his smartphone, through the GoTenna Mesh, (no longer in our main review). The GoTenna sits on the log next to him.

Using the two-way, customizable messaging attribute of either Garmin inReach, SPOT X, Bivystick, ZOLEO, SatPaq or Global Hotspot requires further effort but is well worth it. Sending customized messages directly from the inReach devices is slow, but it works. Sending customized messages from the app, on any of these devices, is far more user-friendly. In this context, using your smartphone's familiar keyboard leverages the best attributes of the inReach, Bivy, ZOLEO, SatPaq, and Somewear options. The SPOT X is usable with its app or entirely stand-alone. The device has a built-in, physical QWERTY keyboard. This makes it the easiest two-way texting device to use. The ZOLEO, SatPaq, Bivystick, and Somewear do not allow the user to do any non-emergency texting without a smartphone. Sending messages from either inReach device is tedious, but doable in a pinch.

By 2010 millions of people got really good at typing on a keyboard like this. If we learned it then, we can make it work now. You can type quickly and clearly on the physical board of the SPOT.

Portability

Going to the wilderness usually requires packing light. Therefore, the portability of your communications device(s) is important. Portability, for our purposes, is a function of weight and bulk.

The inReach Explorer+ is one of the largest and heaviest products we tested. It also does more than everything else we tested. Its function is disproportionate to its size, and it does enough that we didn't mind its additional weight. We didn't mind, that is, until the inReach Mini came along. The Mini is less than half the size of the Explorer+ and does nearly as much. The newly added ResQLink View is heavier than the inReach Mini and does little more than the ultra-tiny Best Buy OceanSignal PLB1. The Best Buy Global Hotspot, ZOLEO, and SatPaq are all almost as portable as the Editors' Choice inReach Mini. The SPOT X is similar in size and weight to the Explorer+, which is about the same size and weight as the Bivystick.

Size comparison of the SPOT X and inReach Mini. Clearly, the Mini is much more, well, miniature.

How to carry your important compact electronics

Most PLBs or Sat Messengers are equipped to clip to the outside of your backpack or clothing, which suggests that they should be. We don't recommend this. While GPS navigators are often clipped outside your pack because they work best when they have a clear view of the sky, your SOS device shouldn't necessarily be on at all times, so you can turn it off and stow it safely away. This lowers your chance of losing it. If you are tracking with your satellite device, it will work just fine inside the top of your backpack And don't worry about it taking a little longer to dig the device out of your pack. Fact is, an emergency response will take hours, at best. A few seconds to take your backpack off won't make any appreciable difference in the response time. Further, maybe in those minutes you will take a breath and realize that you don't actually need outside help. Save the backpack strap space and your worries about losing electronics for devices you use frequently, like your smartphone or navigation GPS. And don't worry about it taking a little longer to dig the device out of your pack. Fact is, an emergency response will take hours, at best. A few seconds to take your backpack off won't make any appreciable difference in the response time. Further, maybe in those minutes you will take a breath and realize that you don't actually need outside help. Save the backpack strap space and your worries about losing electronics for devices you use frequently, like your smartphone or navigation GPS.

The Bivystick is stout and functional but is bulkier and heavier than other recent releases.

Conclusion

We hope we have helped you sort through the major options for wilderness communications. It is a veritable morass of choices out there. And it only gets more and more complicated with time. The good news is that with the complications comes greater choice, better functionality, and less expensive service. The market is blowing up and we, as consumers and wilderness adventurers, are the big winners. All the choices have their place, and the best options now are light years ahead of what was available just three to four years back.