U.S. Arms Transfers: Government Data

American arms manufacturers have two major channels through which they can sell major weaponry to foreign countries: foreign military sales ("FMS"), in which a government-to-government agreement is negotiated by the Pentagon; and direct commercial sales ("DCS"), in which industry negotiates directly with the purchasing country and must apply for a license from the State Department.

The United States government also transfers arms to other countries by giving away weapons from U.S.military stocks for free or at greatly reduced prices, classified as excess defense articles (EDA) or emergency "drawdowns." The United States also provides military training to many foreign countries. These transfers are also managed by the Defense Department. For more information about types of U.S.arms transfers, read the "Ways and Means" chapter of The Arms Trade Revealed.

FAS Databases

Database on Small Arms Shipments from the US, 1990-2000. US State Department data (obtained under the Freedom of Information Act) on commercial small arms shipments. Searchable by couuntry, region and year. "A Guide to the US Small Arms Market, Industry, and Exports, 1998-2004 by Tamar Gabelnick, Maria Haug, and Lora Lumpe, Small Arms Survey Occasional Paper 19.



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Other Databases

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Reports:

Section 655 Reports | Section 36(a) Reports |FMS Facts | Section 1231 Report | ATF | CRS | US Census Bureau | World Bank Statistics | WMEAT | Section 7010 Report | Budget Justifications | Afghanistan Security Forces Fund

"Section 655" Reports to Congress:

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Foreign Military Sales, Foreign Military Construction Sales and Military Assistance Facts is published by the Pentagon's Defense Security Cooperation Agency; the most current online edition includes information through FY 2009.

Section 36(a) report to Congress:

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Section 1231 Report:

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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives,

"Firearms Commerce in the United States""Annual Firearms Manufacturers and Export Report"

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Congressional Research Service

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U.S. arms deliveries, category totals, 1994-1998. 1999. U.S. Census Bureau data, collected from shippers' export declarations, sorted by commodity type; includes specific recipient data from the Government Information Sharing Project. Recent U.S. customs data can be accessed through UN Comtrade's database.

World Bank Statistics on States' Arms Imports and Exports, as percentage of total imports and exports, 1990-1999.

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World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers (WMEAT) is published by the U.S. State Department . Starting with the 1997 edition, the WMEAT report includes estimates of direct commercial sales based on licenses authorized. Prior to the 1997 report, figures for U.S. arms sales were probably understated.

The following reports are available in pdf format:

1999-2000, also available by section:

1998

Here are the 1998 report's graphs. The file is quite large, about 5 MB.

Here are the 1998 report's graphs. The file is quite large, about 5 MB. 1997

1996

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Section 7010: Quarterly Report on Foreign Military Financing, International Military Education and Training, and Peacekeeping Operaitons funds

Congressional Budget Justifications for Foreign Operations (Supporting Information section):

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Afghanistan Security Forces Fund Purchases, Fiscal Years 2006-2010

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U.S. Army Weapons System Handbook contains detailed descriptions of many U.S. military weapons systems.

For a general guide to key sources of data and analysis on the arms trade, check out the "For More Information" chapter of The Arms Trade Revealed: a Guide for Investigators and Activists.

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