Both Austria and Denmark plan to lift restrictions in stages. In Austria, small shops are slated to reopen April 14, with larger stores to follow on May 1. Restaurants, hotels and schools may be able to reopen in mid-May — though that decision will be assessed at the end of April. Strict rules about masks, social distancing and the number of people allowed into a store at any one time will remain in place, but public events may resume in July.

AD

AD

In Denmark, the plan is for nursery and primary schools to reopen April 15, while companies will resume business gradually.

Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz credited his country’s early response; it imposed a national lockdown on March 16, earlier than some of its neighbors.

“We reacted faster and more restrictively in Austria than in other countries and were therefore able to prevent the worst from happening so far,” Kurz said, removing a blue surgical mask to speak at a news conference. “The quick and restrictive reaction now also gives us the opportunity to get out of this crisis faster.”

Austria has seen three consecutive days in which the number of coronavirus recoveries have exceeded the number of new cases. On Monday, Austrian authorities reported 241 new infections but 465 recoveries over the previous 24 hours. The slowing spread of the virus has relieved pressure on the medical system and allowed for thinking about what comes next.

But Austria’s announcement also seemed tailored to people who are growing frustrated and restless. Kurz asked citizens to hold firm to restrictions — an effort that has been made more challenging by a wave of beautiful weather that has settled on Europe during what normally would be a vacation period.

AD

AD

Actions this week “will determine whether the post-Easter resurrection that we are all hoping for can take place,” Kurz said, apparently deliberately invoking the religious imagery.

Denmark also imposed its lockdown relatively early, on March 11, and invested in widespread testing.

Announcing the plan for lifting restrictions, Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen said, “It’s like walking on a line. If we stand still along the way, we can fall. If we go too fast, things can go wrong. Therefore, we must take one cautious step at a time. And we do not yet know when we have firm ground under our feet.”

Border controls will remain in place, and gatherings of more than 10 people will remain banned, she said. If the number of infections starts climbing again, Denmark will immediately reimpose restrictions.

AD

AD

Although other European countries are eyeing exit strategies, most have been hesitant to commit to particular dates — and they have sought to temper their citizens’ expectations about a return to ordinary life.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel said last week that she “would be acting absolutely irresponsibly if I simply gave you a specific date today when the measures could be abolished, or at least relaxed, but then could not keep promises because the infection numbers did not allow it.”

But she promised “that the federal government and I, personally, are thinking day and night about how we can both protect everyone’s health and have a process that will make public life possible step by step.”

AD

Meanwhile, in France, Prime Minister Édouard Philippe said last week that lifting rules would be “frighteningly complex” and that people should not expect a “general deconfinement, all at once, everywhere and for everyone.”

AD

As with so much of the response to the coronavirus crisis, the rollback of restrictions may vary widely from country to country in Europe. Austria appears to be planning to allow its entire population to start moving again. Other countries, including Italy, Germany and Britain, have contemplated allowing only people with covid-19 antibodies to resume ordinary life, thus splitting the population into immune and nonimmune groups. That strategy would rely on tests that are not yet readily available.

There is also the question about when to reopen borders between countries and resume the free movement that has been fundamental to the European Union. Leaders may not trust that their neighbors have beaten back the virus as successfully as they have. And maintaining control while allowing one’s own citizens to move more freely internally may mean a hardening for external borders for a time.

AD

Asian countries that have eased restrictions have struggled with waves of new infections, giving Europeans serious pause. Singapore on Monday became the latest to reverse course and impose a lockdown after winning initial praise for its aggressive coronavirus response. The country had avoided drastic restrictions after widespread testing and contact tracing. But on Sunday the country posted its highest daily infection count, and starting Tuesday, schools and businesses will close in the same ways they have elsewhere in the world.

AD

Japan has also experienced a spike in infections after social distancing restrictions eased last month, and Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said Monday that he planned to declare a state of emergency covering Tokyo, Osaka and other hard-hit regions.