The tension was palpable in the control room at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in the minutes leading up to the Aug. 5 landing of the Mars rover Curiosity. Rows of headset-clad flight controllers in matching pale blue polo shirts huddled over their computers, awaiting the rover descent’s “seven minutes of terror.” Then, seemingly from nowhere, bottles of peanuts started to appear, and soon all the engineers and scientists were munching on handfuls of the proteinaceous snack.

It’s just one of a slew of superstitious NASA traditions, and the Russian space program has its own share. So much for scientific rationality.

“We all have our rituals, and we create values associated with them,” said space historian Roger Launius of the National Air and Space Museum. “Over a period of time, institutions adopt mores that acculturate individuals into the group or define the organization. I don’t think they’re consciously created for that purpose,” he said, but “people tend to find themselves a part of this culture and want to perpetuate these traditions.”

The peanut tradition started in the 1960s during JPL’s Ranger missions, which were spacecraft designed to fly into the moon and take pictures of it. The first six Ranger spacecraft failed during launch or while leaving orbit, but on the 7th launch, someone brought peanuts into mission control, and the mission succeeded. It’s been a tradition at JPL launches and landings ever since.

These are some of the other timeless traditions of the world’s space-exploring elite:

NASA Traditions On the day of their launch, many NASA astronauts eat scrambled eggs and steak, as a tribute to astronaut Alan Shepard, who ate this breakfast before his Mercury Freedom 7 flight in 1961. Before a launch, the commander must play cards (supposedly either Blackjack or 5-card poker) with the tech crew until he loses a hand. The tradition’s origins are a mystery, but it may have begun during the two-man Gemini missions. The suit-up room, where astronauts must wait an hour while purging their bodies of nitrogen, contains the same recliner chairs as it did during the Apollo era. After the shuttle orbiter was successfully transported from the Orbital Processing Facility to the Vehicle Assembly Building, the managers would provide the team with round donuts and bagels. It may have to do with the fact that these foods are round like the wheels of the shuttle transporter. After a successful launch at Kennedy Space Center, the launch controllers enjoy a hearty meal of beans and cornbread. The tradition started when Former NASA Test Director Chief Norm Carlson brought in a small crock-pot of beans after the first space shuttle launch, STS-1. Here’s his recipe (.pdf). Dating back to the Gemini VI mission in 1965, astronauts have awoken in space to music chosen by mission control, such as Dean Martin’s “Going Back to Houston.” Gene Kranz, the famous mission controller of Apollo 13, had his wife make him a new waistcoat for each mission. As Kranz worked to save the crew of Apollo 13, he was wearing a white vest, as depicted in the 1995 film. The vest is now displayed in the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington. After a launch at Kennedy Space Center, it is customary for rookie launch directors, test directors and engineers to have their neckties cut (akin to the aviation tradition where a pilot’s shirt tails are cut off after their first solo flight). Russian/Soviet Traditions Before leaving the Star City training complex near Moscow, Soyuz flight crews leave red carnations at the Memorial Wall in memory of first man in space, Yuri Gagarin, and four other cosmonauts. They visit Gagarin’s office, sign his guestbook, and supposedly ask his ghost for permission to fly. As the train that carries the Soyuz rocket booster approaches the Baikonur Cosmodrome, people place coins on the tracks to be flattened into good-luck charms. The crew are forbidden to attend the rollout of the Soyuz rocket to the launchpad because it is said to be bad luck; instead, they must have a haircut on this day. The night before launch, cosmonauts attend a mandatory screening of the 1969 cult movie “White Sun of the Desert.” On launch day, the cosmonauts have a champagne breakfast and autograph their hotel room door. At the hotel, a Russian Orthodox priest blesses the Soyuz crew and sprinkles them with holy water. This is a post-Soviet tradition, started by cosmonaut Aleksandr Viktorenko, who requested a blessing before the Soyuz TM-20 crew’s launch to Mir. As the crew leaves the hotel, the Soviet-era rock song “The Grass Near My Home” is played by the band Zemlyane (“The Earthlings”). The cosmonauts travel to the launchpad in buses outfitted with horseshoes for good luck. On their way to the launch, Russian cosmonauts are known to urinate on the right rear wheel of their transfer bus, an act supposedly performed by Yuri Gagarin. Female cosmonauts are excused, but certain women have been known to carry vials of their urine to spill in solidarity. The Soyuz capsule carries a small talisman hung from a string, chosen by the crew commander, which signifies when weightlessness is achieved.

Inset images: Left column: 1) Alan Shepard breakfasts on steak and eggs before Mercury Freedom 7 launch, 1961 (NASA). 2) NASA Administrator Charles Bolden enjoys some beans after launch of Space Shuttle Atlantis, STS-135, on July 8, 2011 (Bill Ingalls / NASA). 3) Vest worn by mission controller Gene Kranz during Apollo 13 mission (Matthew Bisanz / Wikimedia Commons). Right column: 1) Yuri Gagarin, first man in space (NASA). 2) Russian Orthodox priest blesses the crew of Soyuz Expedition 31 to the ISS on May 15, 2012 Bill Ingalls / NASA). 3) Russian cosmonauts perform ritual of peeing on the wheel of their transport bus (English Russia).