The report , which included a study on the early signs of a banking crisis, found China's debt — measured by a credit-to-GDP gap — surpassing an amount that could lead to a system fallout. The country also has a high level of debt servicing ratio, which made its banking system more vulnerable.

China is one of the economies most at risk of a banking crisis, according to the Bank of International Settlements , which published its quarterly review on Sunday.

The credit-to-GDP gap measures the difference between the percentage of debt in an economy and its long term trend. A bigger number suggests debt is growing at a pace that may not be healthy for the economy.

Debt servicing ratio, meanwhile, refers to the amount of money as a proportion of income that's used to repay loans. A higher ratio means borrowers may have taken on too much debt than what their income can support.

In addition to China, the BIS report also found Canada and Hong Kong to be at risk of a banking crisis. The vulnerabilities of those two economies were partly caused by climbing property prices.

The People's Bank of China and the Bank of Canada did not immediately respond to CNBC's request for comment. A spokesperson for the Hong Kong Monetary Authority said that a number of macro-prudential measures had already been put in place to strengthen the banking's system resilience. It listed new capital buffers and new stress tests for mortgage applicants, among other measures.

"Hong Kong's banking sector remains healthy and well capitalized, and has the ability to weather through stresses," the spokesperson said in an emailed statement.

Despite signs pointing to the banking systems in those three economies being distressed, the BIS said that doesn't mean China, Canada and Hong Kong are definitely heading into a crisis.

"(The indicators) have been calibrated based on past experience, and cannot take account of broader institutional and economic changes that have taken place since previous crises," said the BIS, an umbrella body of central banks around the world.

"For example, the much more active use of macroprudential measures should have strengthened the resilience of the financial system to a financial bust, even if it may not have prevented the build-up of the usual signs of vulnerabilities," the Switzerland-based organization said.