Sony Mobile may have only broke through into the phone market shortly after the turn of the century, but the Japanese manufacturer quickly rose to the top with products that redefined the way we use our smartphones.

An early period of innovation thrust the company into the limelight as it offered a credible alternative to handsets from then-leaders RIM, Nokia and Motorola. However, like many of the OEMs of that era, the company failed to respond to the threat from the Apple iPhone when it launched in 2007, and it has now become a bit-part player in the ever-competitive mobile industry.

Many of the giants from that era have now sold up and moved to pastures new, but Sony retains the fight with its current range of Xperia handsets. With many signs that the company is failing to innovate again and is headed sharply towards the pits, how can the company stave off what currently seems like almost inevitable death?

The Sony Ericsson years

Before looking to the future, we need to consider the company’s past, and it all begins with a joint venture between Sony Mobile of Japan and Sweden’s Ericsson to create the smartphone that, in 2001, arguably defined the brand from its introduction: the Sony Ericsson T68i.

Running on a proprietary OS, the T68i brought brilliant design and offered curved edges, a joystick in place of navigation buttons, and a 256 color display that set a benchmark for mobile phones. In an era when phones were boring and dull, the T68i shone through and at a cost of $650 at launch, it was very expensive. Despite this, many bought one and I remember the thrill mine gave me that arguably hasn’t been replicated since mobile phones became smart commodities.

Fast forward a year, phones were getting bigger and the concept of premium phone was born. The Sony Ericsson T610 combined a black and silver color scheme, a joystick and a 65,000 color display with 128×160 pixels resolution. The premium design was the biggest selling point and the mind-boggling display again advanced the benchmark by which other phones were defined.

From the T Series, to the K series, and the peak (and then decline) of Sony’s mobile ambitions. I remember selling the first handset, the K750i, in significant volume whilst working for a major UK retailer in 2005 and this is the handset that many would call Sony’s golden egg.

The K750i’s 2MP camera ushered in the camera spec war – that still continues today – and the handset also bought a music player and expandable storage. It wasn’t all great, as it required proprietary expandable storage and used Sony’s odd Fast Port headphone jack as opposed to the 3.5mm that devices use today. The K750i was certainly a handset that was a joy to use and with MMS slowly beginning to encourage picture sharing, the camera was perfect.

The K750i camera would also see Sony focus on particular features and the result was the K800i (also known as the K790i) which is widely regarded as Sony Ericsson’s most successful mobile phone. The handset brought the Cybershot brand from Sony’s cameras to Sony Ericsson phones and the candy-bar design was a throw to the style of future mobile phones. The 3.2MP camera further grayed the line between phones and cameras while the 2-inch QVGA display was a sign of bigger displays to come.

I remember the K800i well and actually remember selling a lot of these handsets until January 2007 when Apple redefined the industry. The K800i will always be a handset that’s remembered for making the average customer realize that mobile phones could take as good pictures as the point-and-shoot cameras of the day, but like many other devices, it never got a look in once Apple introduced the iPhone.

The iPhone effect

Like Motorola, BlackBerry – who was known as RIM BlackBerry, before dropping RIM from its name – and Nokia – who sold its mobile phone division to Microsoft and then announced a new Android-based tablet – Sony Ericsson completely failed to recognize the threat of the iPhone.

Apple’s first handset may not have done a lot but it brought something completely different; capacitive touch screens. Until the iPhone, the few touchscreen devices had used resistive touchscreens, which responded to pressure but the capacitive display on the iPhone responded to touch.

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As a result, the concept of an all-touchscreen device completely transformed customer expectations from a mobile phone and Sony Ericsson tried but failed to produce handsets that could actually challenge the iPhone. The key thing that Apple had was its iPhone OS (now known as iOS) which was designed for touchscreens, while Sony Ericsson – like Nokia –t ried and failed to repurpose the Symbian UI for use with touch displays.

2008 saw LG overtake Sony Ericsson, and the beginnings of a profit warning era, with profits of €1.125 billion in 2007 dropping to a loss of nearly €800 million in 2009. The decline was short, sharp and very bitter, but six years later, the company is still in operation so how did they recover?

An Xperia generation

Post iPhone launch, Sony Ericsson first backed Symbian as its platform of choice, then Windows Mobile and Android, as the battle for mobile supremacy expanded into the smartphone arena. While transitioning towards smartphones, the company still produced feature phones such as the W995 in 2009 – which had the world’s first 8-megapixel camera and was part of the Walkman-focused W series – and the Symbian-based P series, which ran Symbian and offered PDA-like features.

The key change in Sony’s fortunes came from the decision of Sony Mobile to buy out partner Ericsson and make Sony Ericsson its wholly-owned subsidiary. Announced in October 2011, Sony completed the buyout the following February, and Sony Mobile Communications was born. With the buyout, the company underwent a massive restructuring and transformation.

Prior to the buyout, Sony Ericsson had produced two smart devices which aimed to offer the best of its PDA and camera phones in a single device. Both ran on Microsoft’s Windows Mobile platform and came at an era where the entire market was questioning whether there was a demand and need for physical keyboards on mobile phones.

Of the two devices, the Xperia X1 was by far my favourite, and, although it was bereft with hardware issues and buggy software, I owned more than ten of these devices. The X1 had a unique curved slide-out full QWERTY keyboard, large touchscreen and a stylus and, while its successor the Xperia X2 fared a little better, these were Sony’s arguably most innovative smartphones.

In 2010, the company announced its first Android smartphone, the Xperia X10, which had a certain style and design that’s familiar even today. This was followed by handsets like the Xperia X10 mini pro – its first Android QWERTY sliderj, the Xperia Arc – which combined a stunning camera with impeccable design, the Xperia Ray and lastly, the Xperia Play – which had a slide-out PlayStation controller and is arguably the founding handset of the now defunct PlayStation-certified series.

Following the buyout and the birth of Sony Mobile Communication, Sony focused on Android, which was on a rapid rise towards supremacy. The Xperia S was announced in February 2012 and bought large internal storage (32GB), a 4.3-inch HD display and a 12MP rear camera that would appear on many devices going forward. This was followed by flagship handsets such as the Xperia Ion and Xperia Acro as well as lower-handsets such as the Xperia P and Xperia U as the Xperia brand encompassed Sony’s entire smartphone portfolio.

The announcement of the Xperia Z in 2013 saw the introduction of Sony’s current flagship smartphone range and the birth of iterative upgrades, a strategy that ultimately failed to capture the market. The table below shows the different flagship Xperia Z devices and how they compare:

Detail Xperia Z Xperia Z1 Xperia Z2 Xperia Z3 Xperia Z3+ Device: Display Size: 5.0 inch TFT 5.0 inch TFT 5.2 inch IPS 5.2 inch IPS 5.2 inch IPS Display Resolution: Full HD (1080x1920) Full HD (1080x1920) Full HD (1080x1920) Full HD (1080x1920) Full HD (1080x1920) Display Density: 441ppi 441ppi 424ppi 424ppi 424ppi Processor: quad-core Snapdragon S4 Pro

4 x 1.5GHz quad-core Snapdragon 800

4 x 2.2GHz quad-core Snapdragon 801

4 x 2.3GHz quad-core Snapdragon 801

4 x 2.5GHz octa-core Snapdragon 810

4 x 2.0GHz, 4 x 1.5GHz Storage: 16GB 16GB 16GB 16GB/32GB 32GB Expandable storage? microSD, up to 64GB microSD, up to 64GB microSD, up to 128GB microSD, up to 128GB microSD, up to 128GB RAM: 2GB 2GB 3GB 3GB 3GB LTE: Cat 3 (100Mbps DL, 50Mbps UL) Cat 4 (150Mbps DL, 50Mbps UL) Cat 4 (150Mbps DL, 50Mbps UL) Cat 4 (150Mbps DL, 50Mbps UL) Cat 6 (300Mbps DL, 50Mbps UL) First OS: Android 4.1.2 Android 4.2 Android 4.4.2 Android 4.4.4 Android 5.0 IP dust/water rating IP57

water resistance up to 1 meter and 30 minutes IP58

water resistance up to 1.5 meters and 30 minutes IP58

water resistance up to 1.5 meters and 30 minutes IP68

water resistance up to 1 meter and 30 minutes IP68

water resistance up to 1.5 meters and 30 minutes Camera: Sensor size: 13.1MP 20.7MP 20.7MP 20.7MP 20.7MP Video recording (1080p): 30fps 30fps 60fps 60fps 60fps Video Recording (4K/2160p): None None 30fps 30fps 30fps Front camera: 2.2MP, 1080p@30fps 2MP, 1080p@30fps 2.2MP, 1080p@30fps 2.2MP, 1080p@30fps 5.1MP, 1080p@30fps Flash single-LED single-LED single-LED single-LED single-LED Battery: Capacity: 2330 mAh 3000 mAh 3200 mAh 3100 mAh 2930 mAh Removable Battery? No No No No No Fast Charging? No No 60% in 30 mins

Quick Charge 2.0 60% in 30 mins

Quick Charge 2.0 60% in 30 mins

Quick Charge 2.0

On paper, the Xperia Z was revolutionary, but in the hand, it was very much a case of numbers can be deceiving. Sony followed this up with several handsets and while there have been some improvements in display type and camera, the series has become synonymous with evolution, over revolution. The Xperia Z range has also given birth to other handsets and Sony’s push into multiple sizes; the Xperia Z Ultra was a larger-than-life phablet that let you use a normal pen or pencil on the display, while the Xperia Z3 Compact is arguably the best handset produced by Sony Mobile.

Yet here we are, eight years after the first iPhone was announced and despite plenty of new devices, and restructuring resulting in thousands of layoffs all around the world, Sony has failed to recapture its early magic. Like many others, the company has shown its not willing to risk on innovation and prefers to offer iterative updates, and this strategy is plainly not working.

How can Sony prevent a seemingly-inevitable demise, and is it time to change its Xperia Z strategy to refocus its efforts elsewhere?

Where does Sony Mobile go from here?

With the demise of Sony Ericsson behind it, Sony should have learnt from its mistakes. While the Japanese company has attempted to steady the ship, there seems to be very little resolve to challenge the status quo.

Sony has wisely integrated some of its non-mobile technologies, like the X-Reality Engine, BIONZ image processing unit, and Exmor-R sensor, into is smartphones, but this hasn’t been enough to stop the decline. While Sony was focusing on adapting its existing technology, its rivals have pushed on real innovation and left Sony behind.

Sony's partners get better images than Sony from the same sensor

The company may have camera knowledge, but strangely, its partners have had better luck with Sony camera sensors than it has itself. It’s rather ironic that Sony provides the camera sensors for lots of Samsung and Apple smartphones, yet its inferior processing results in worse images than its partners produce using the same camera module.

That being said, it’s not all bad for Sony as the company’s Omnibalance design and advanced water resistance do give it a couple of unique selling points. The key problem for the manufacturer is that it just doesn’t upgrade its smartphones enough between each release cycle. Let’s consider the Xperia Z2, the Xperia Z3 and the Xperia Z3+, and how little are the differences between each handset.

Going forward, there’s a few ways the company can remain relevant but the key is to change the release cycle. Sure there will always be a demand for newer handsets in its home country of Japan so Sony could keep its current cycle there (without giving each handset a new name in the Xperia Z range) but for other markets, Sony should stick to one flagship per year.

It’s not just slowing the release cadence; each handset needs to be different to the others, whether by improving the display, changing the design or meaningfully improving the camera. At the moment, it seems that Sony releases handsets for the sake of releasing handsets, but surely it’s time to refocus?

If just handset comparisons don’t make a compelling case enough, here’s Sony’s finances over the past ten years. Sony’s product strategy clearly hasn’t helped reverse the decline it has experienced since the iPhone was released:

Alongside changing its smartphone strategy, the company could also focus more on other devices such as wearables, smart cameras and tablets. While it has failed in the smartphone market, its performance in the tablet market is a different story and its latest device, the Xperia Z4 Tablet, is arguably one of the best Android tablets ever released.

Android tablets have failed to dominate the tablet market in quite the same way their smartphone siblings have, yet the waterproof Xperia Z4 Tablet has market-leading specs and is designed for use in a spectrum of conditions from the dusty deserts of the Middle East to the rain-lashed monsoons of Asia and the unpredictable weather of Europe and the USA. Sony could easily make tablets its key focus going forward.

From tablets to smart cameras and the innovative QX10 and QX100 clip-on cameras that were announced at IFA 2013. Debuted alongside the Xperia Z2, these lenses acted as remote viewfinders and allowed you to capture images with optical zoom from your smartphone but failed to capture the market as intended. The QX-10 offered great quality point-and-shoot images while the QX-100 offered the manual controls that was missing from the QX-10, albeit with a much much larger price tag.

The QX-10 and QX-100 were joined by the second-generation QX1 and QX30, which bought upgrades that include 30x optical zoom and a mount for the E lenses used in Sony’s DSLR range. Could the QX series be Sony’s secret weapon to carve out its own little lucrative niche in the market? Now Nokia has sold its smartphone division to Microsoft, it’s unlikely we’ll see a successor to the 42MP-clad Nokia Lumia 1020 and maybe there’s an opportunity for Sony to rekindle the camera-magic of its past in a bid for its future.

Wearables is another area where Sony has a long pedigree, with the Sony Ericsson Live View wearable launching all the way back in 2005. One of the pioneers of the modern smartwatch, Sony adopted Google’s Android Wear operating system in the third generation of its SmartWatch range but with the Apple Watch now firmly entrenched on almost a million wrists, the real challenge is about to begin.

While Sony doesn’t have a lot of control over the Android Wear software its devices run on, the company can refocus its design efforts to achieve the premium look that the Apple Watch and certain Android Wear rivals – such as the Huawei Watch and LG G Watch R – have achieved. Our very own Bogdan Petrovan touched on this in our feature on where Sony went wrong earlier this year and said that Sony could become the Apple of Android by focusing on premium devices; just like Bogdan, I agree that its unlikely Sony will take this approach but it’s definitely something for Sony to consider.

Although the SmartWatch 3 is now available in metal, I would like to see Sony really challenge the concept of a smartwatch in its next generation with unique innovative design that’s the result of careful consideration for the end user. Whether its achieving the right balance between size and design to an impressive display or super-large battery, Sony’s next wearable needs to be different.

And there-in lies the word that defines Sony as we know it: an inability to be different. In an ever-growing saturated smartphone market, the company needs its devices to stand apart from the rest, and as good as they are, the Xperia Z range fails to do this. Let’s look at how the Xperia Z3+ fares against the best from Samsung, LG, HTC and Huawei:

Detail Sony Xperia Z3+ HTC One M9 Galaxy S6 LG G4 Hardware: Display Size: 5.2 inch IPS 5.0 inch Super LCD3 5.1 inch Super AMOLED 5.5 inch IPS Display Resolution: Full HD (1080x1920) Full HD (1080x1920) Quad HD (1440x2560) Quad HD (1440x2560) Display Density: 424ppi 441ppi 577ppi 538ppi Processor: octa-core Snapdragon 810

4 x 2GHz + 4 x 1.5GHz octa-core Snapdragon 810

4 x 2GHz + 4 x 1.5GHz octa-core Exynos 7420

4 x 2.1GHz, 4 x 1.5GHz hexa-core Snapdragon 808

2 x 1.82GHz, 4 x 1.44GHz Storage: 32GB 32GB 32/64/128GB 32GB Expandable storage? microSD, up to 128GB microSD, up to 128GB No microSD, up to 128GB RAM: 3GB 3GB 3GB 3GB Build Type: Glass Aluminium Unibody Glass and metal Plastic front with Plastic or Leather rear LTE: Cat 6 (300Mbps DL, 50Mbps UL) Cat 6 (300Mbps DL, 50Mbps UL) Cat 6 (300Mbps DL, 50Mbps UL) Cat 6 (300Mbps DL, 50Mbps UL) Fingerprint Sensor: No No Yes

Payments: Samsung Pay

PayPal Certified No SIM card Single SIM Single SIM Single SIM Single SIM Software: OS version: Android 5.0 Android 5.0 Android 5.0.2 Android 5.1 (Lollipop) User Interface: Sony UI HTC Sense 7 TouchWiz UI LG G UX 4.0 Camera: Sensor size: 20.7MP 20MP 16MP 16MP with color spectrum sensor Autofocus: Yes Yes Yes Laser Optical Image Stabilisation: No No Yes Yes Video recording (1080p): 60fps 60fps 60fps 60fps Video Recording (4K/2160p): 30fps 30fps 30fps 30fps Front camera: 5.1MP, 1080p@30fps 4MP Ultrapixel

1080p@30fps 5MP, 1440p@30fps 8MP, 1080p@30fps Flash LED flash dual-LED (dual tone) LED flash LED flash Battery: Capacity: 2930 mAh 2840 mAh 2550mAh 3000 mAh Removable Battery? No No No Yes Fast Charging: Quick Charge 2.0

60% in 30 mins Quick Charge 2.0

60% in 30 mins Quick Charge 2.0

60% in 30 mins None Wireless Charging: No No Yes, PMA+Qi Optional

To stave off the demise, Sony needs to rekindle the magic that made Sony Ericsson successful. It needs to be bold and daring.

If Sony can think outside the box and really be innovative in its next smartphone and wearables, there’s a lot of the hope for the company yet. However, a failure to differentiate against the Xperia Z3+ could mean the end of the company’s global smartphone aspirations. Sony is no longer one of the top 10 global smartphone manufacturers – a list that is dominated incidentally by no less than seven Chinese manufacturers – and without daring to be different and really challenge the status quo, the company has no chance.

Sony needs to dare to be different

If it wants to truly be different, why not finally deliver the metal-clad Xperia handset that should have been the Xperia Z4 ? Add in a Quad HD display, stable processor, excellent camera – with image processing that harnesses the full potential of the module – and waterproofing if possible and the company has a handset that could challenge the very best. Stick with the same design – which was once delightful but is now boring – and only offer a mediocre specs upgrade, and Sony’s fate will be sealed.

What do you think? Can Sony turn around or is the writing on the wall? Let us know your views in the comments below!