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Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is preparing for the possibility the U.S. may pull out of NAFTA. For Canadian companies, the trade skirmish has already begun.

Recent sanctions against planemaker Bombardier Inc. and softwood lumber producers including West Fraser Timber Co. and Canfor Corp., as well as investigations into steel, aluminum and other industries threaten to make Canada one of the U.S.’s most-penalized trading partners.

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We're facing a trade shock right now, in reality and in terms of rhetoric

The flurry of trade actions against Canadian companies highlights how U.S. protectionism goes well beyond the Trump administration’s decision this week on solar panels, which has hit Canadian Solar Inc., and that even America’s closest partners — those with largely balanced trade — aren’t immune.

“There’s a pretty hefty chunk of our trade facing very high tariffs,” said Dan Ciuriak, senior fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation and a former deputy chief economist at Canada’s international trade department. “We’re facing a trade shock right now, in reality and in terms of rhetoric.”