Japan has published a list defending how it treats people accused of crimes, the latest move in its struggle to counter accusations of "hostage justice" after ex-Nissan chief Carlos Ghosn's dramatic escape to Lebanon.

Key points: Japan has been accused by Human Rights Watch of running a prison system designed to coerce confessions

Japan has been accused by Human Rights Watch of running a prison system designed to coerce confessions Japan denies that this is the case and has defended its prison system

Japan denies that this is the case and has defended its prison system Australian journalist Scott McIntyre spoke of his cell being lit for 24 hours straight

The 3,000-word list of 14 questions and answers on the Justice Ministry's home page, in English and Japanese, addresses Japan's conviction rate of more than 99 per cent and why lawyers are not present during questioning.

Mr Ghosn, who was free on bail, fled over the New Year holidays, allegedly in a crate used to house audio equipment, as he was awaiting trial on charges such as under-reporting income — which he denies.

He said he had no choice but to run and that he felt "like the hostage of a country I served for 17 years".

Carlos Ghosn was not happy with his treatment in Japan. ( AP: Maya Alleruzzo )

His complaints were echoed by Australian journalist Scott McIntyre, who was detained in the same centre as Mr Ghosn for 44 days on trespassing charges after he tried to get information on his missing children.

The former SBS journalist also said he had not seen his children in over 250 days, upon his exit from prison and called on the Japanese Government to modernise a system of joint custody.

Mr McIntyre said that in his prison cell, the lights were on 24 hours a day, making it impossible to sleep more than an hour each night, and that several of his fellow detainees told him they would confess to crimes they had not committed to shorten their time there.

Australian journalist Scott McIntyre spent time in the same Japanese prison as Carlos Ghosn. ( ABC News: Yumi Asada )

Both cases have drawn foreign attention to Japan's criminal justice system and put its government on the defensive, with Justice Minister Masako Mori at one point saying Mr Ghosn's accusations were "intolerable".

"Japanese detention centres maintain detention rooms appropriately," the ministry said on its website.

"The rooms are structured so as to allow sufficient natural light and ensure good airflow. Access to bathing is granted to detainees at least twice a week in order to keep them in good health."

Japan's Justice Minister Masako Mori denies allegations about treatment of prisoners. ( AFP: Kazuhiro Nogi )

In its global report this month, Human Rights Watch criticised what it called Japan's "'hostage' justice system".

"Criminal suspects are held for long periods in harsh conditions to coerce a confession," it said.

One of the longest answers on the ministry's website, at 325 words, was a response to "Isn't it fair to describe Japan's justice system as one of 'hostage justice?'"

"To the contrary, the Japanese criminal justice system does not force confessions by unduly holding suspects and defendants in custody. It is therefore not accurate at all to criticise the system as being a 'hostage justice' system," it said.

"In Japan, there are strict requirements and procedures stipulated in law with regard to holding suspects and defendants in custody, with due consideration given to the guarantee of human rights."

Reuters