



IP Multicast Routing Protocols

Distance vector multicast routing protocol (DVMRP) (legacy)

Multicast OSPF (MOSPF) (legacy)

Protocol-independent multicast (PIM)

PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) is a family of multicast routing protocols. The word independent comes from the fact that PIM does not build a topology of its own, it uses the information from IGP routing protocols to achieve this.

There are a number of different PIM flavors:

PIM Sparse-Mode

PIM Dense-Mode

Bidirectional PIM

Source Specific PIM.









Protocol independent multicast Provides loop free router to router communication. PIM rely on IGP to figure out the network is loop free (using RPF check). PIM do not advertise the routes throughout the network (like IGP).

PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) Modes

PIM modes tells how the multicast tree is build from sender to receiver. PIM mode will decide how the tree is built, and who will receive traffic.





PIM supports three different modes:

PIM Dense mode PIM Sparse mode PIM Sparse-Dense mode



Dense mode Considered as implicit join Use flood and prune behavior





Dense mode: we forward multicast traffic on all interfaces until a downstream router requests us to stop forwarding.



Pim dense mode Uses implicit join get traffic even if not asked Also called as flood and prune. PIM Dense mode Suitable for small multicast implementation. Default hello= 30 sec & dead= 90 sec Discover PIM neighbor (uses 224.0.0.13). Flood all the multicast traffic on all PIM enable interfaces Prune unwanted traffic Maintain multicast table.

PIM Dense mode summary PIM flood the multicast packet to all routers in the network and the prunes routers that do not service members of that particular multicast group.

PIM-dense mode is most useful in the following cases:

Senders and receivers are in close proximity to one another.

There are few senders and many receivers.

The volume of multicast traffic is high

The stream of multicast traffic is constant.

Nevertheless, PIM-dense mode is not the method of choice for enterprise and service provider customers because of its scalability and flooding properties.

. we forward multicast traffic on all interfaces until a downstream router requests us to stop forwarding.









Topology:















lets see the configuration for better understanding:-Topology:







Configure the topology as per the diagram.

assign the IP addresses as shown in the diagram.

configure IGP as EIGRP AS 100

advertise all the interfaces as per the diagram

configure IP multicast on all the interfaces using IP PIM dense mode

for testing configure router 5 fastEthernet 0/0 interface to join multicast group 224.5.5.5

make sure that all the routers should ping to this multicast group on router 5.

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 10.1.1.1 YES manual up up Serial3/0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up Serial3/3 4.4.4.2 YES manual up up



R2#show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 20.1.1.1 YES manual up up Serial3/0 1.1.1.2 YES manual up up Serial3/1 2.2.2.1 YES manual up up Serial3/5 5.5.5.2 YES manual up up



R3#show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 30.1.1.1 YES manual up up Serial3/1 2.2.2.2 YES manual up up Serial3/2 3.3.3.1 YES manual up up



R4#show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 40.1.1.1 YES manual up up Serial3/2 3.3.3.2 YES manual up up Serial3/3 4.4.4.1 YES manual up up



R5#show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 50.1.1.1 YES manual up up Serial3/5 5.5.5.1 YES manual up up



R1(config)#router eigrp 100 R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 R1(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0 R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 R1(config-router)#no auto-summary R1(config-router)#exit



R2(config)#router eigrp 100 R2(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 R2(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0 R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 R2(config-router)#network 5.0.0.0 R2(config-router)#no auto-summary R2(config-router)#exit



R3(config)#router eigrp 100 R3(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0 R3(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0 R3(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0 R3(config-router)#no auto-summary R3(config-router)#exit



R4(config)#router eigrp 100 R4(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0 R4(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0 R4(config-router)#network 40.0.0.0 R4(config-router)#no auto-summary R4(config-router)#exit

R5(config)#router eigrp 100 R5(config-router)#network 5.0.0.0 R5(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0 R5(config-router)#no auto-summary R5(config-router)#exit

R1#show ip eigrp 100 neighbors EIGRP-IPv4 Neighbors for AS(100) H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num 1 4.4.4.1 Se3/3 11 00:05:26 61 366 0 12 0 1.1.1.2 Se3/0 12 00:07:29 75 450 0 20

R1#show ip route eigrp Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:05:39, Serial3/0 D 3.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 4.4.4.1, 00:05:39, Serial3/3 D 5.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:07:13, Serial3/0 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:07:31, Serial3/0 D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 4.4.4.1, 00:05:39, Serial3/3 [90/2684416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:05:39, Serial3/0 D 40.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 4.4.4.1, 00:05:33, Serial3/3 D 50.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:04:06, Serial3/0







R2#show ip eigrp neighbors EIGRP-IPv4 Neighbors for AS(100) H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num 2 5.5.5.1 Se3/5 11 00:04:52 40 240 0 4 1 2.2.2.2 Se3/1 14 00:07:14 68 408 0 14 0 1.1.1.1 Se3/0 12 00:08:24 80 480 0 15

R2#show ip route eigrp Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set



D 3.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 2.2.2.2, 00:06:31, Serial3/1 D 4.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.1, 00:06:31, Serial3/0 D 10.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.1, 00:08:33, Serial3/0 D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 2.2.2.2, 00:07:14, Serial3/1 D 40.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 2.2.2.2, 00:06:25, Serial3/1 [90/2684416] via 1.1.1.1, 00:06:25, Serial3/0 D 50.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 5.5.5.1, 00:04:58, Serial3/5







R3#show ip eigrp neighbors EIGRP-IPv4 Neighbors for AS(100) H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num 1 3.3.3.2 Se3/2 13 00:07:08 74 444 0 11 0 2.2.2.1 Se3/1 11 00:07:58 76 456 0 21



R3#show ip route eigrp Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

D 1.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:07:11, Serial3/1 D 4.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 3.3.3.2, 00:07:11, Serial3/2 D 5.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:04, Serial3/1 D 10.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 3.3.3.2, 00:07:11, Serial3/2 [90/2684416] via 2.2.2.1, 00:07:11, Serial3/1 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:04, Serial3/1 D 40.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 3.3.3.2, 00:07:05, Serial3/2 D 50.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 2.2.2.1, 00:05:38, Serial3/1

R4#show ip eigrp neighbors EIGRP-IPv4 Neighbors for AS(100) H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num 1 4.4.4.2 Se3/3 12 00:07:58 99 594 0 14 0 3.3.3.1 Se3/2 13 00:08:02 78 468 0 15



R4#show ip route eigrp Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

D 1.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 4.4.4.2, 00:08:07, Serial3/3 D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 3.3.3.1, 00:08:07, Serial3/2 D 5.0.0.0/8 [90/3193856] via 4.4.4.2, 00:08:07, Serial3/3 [90/3193856] via 3.3.3.1, 00:08:07, Serial3/2 D 10.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 4.4.4.2, 00:08:07, Serial3/3 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 4.4.4.2, 00:08:07, Serial3/3 [90/2684416] via 3.3.3.1, 00:08:07, Serial3/2 D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 3.3.3.1, 00:08:07, Serial3/2 D 50.0.0.0/8 [90/3196416] via 4.4.4.2, 00:06:34, Serial3/3 [90/3196416] via 3.3.3.1, 00:06:34, Serial3/2





R5#show ip eigrp neighbors EIGRP-IPv4 Neighbors for AS(100) H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num 0 5.5.5.2 Se3/5 11 00:07:11 46 276 0 19

R5#show ip route eigrp Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set



D 1.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 5.5.5.2, 00:07:21, Serial3/5 D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 5.5.5.2, 00:07:21, Serial3/5 D 3.0.0.0/8 [90/3193856] via 5.5.5.2, 00:07:21, Serial3/5 D 4.0.0.0/8 [90/3193856] via 5.5.5.2, 00:07:21, Serial3/5 D 10.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 5.5.5.2, 00:07:21, Serial3/5 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 5.5.5.2, 00:07:21, Serial3/5 D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 5.5.5.2, 00:07:21, Serial3/5 D 40.0.0.0/8 [90/3196416] via 5.5.5.2, 00:07:21, Serial3/5

R1(config)#ip multicast-routing

R1(config)#interface serial 3/0

R1(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

R1(config)#interface serial 3/3

R1(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

R1(config-if)#int f0/0

R1(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

*Oct 12 04:42:13.507: %PIM-5-DRCHG: DR change from neighbor 0.0.0.0 to 10.1.1.1 on interface FastEthernet0/0

*Oct 12 04:42:43.595: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 1.1.1.2 UP on interface Serial3/0

*Oct 12 04:50:27.739: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 4.4.4.1 UP on interface Serial3/3

R1(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#ip multicast-routing

R2(config)#int serial 3/0

R2(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

*Oct 12 04:42:43.755: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 1.1.1.1 UP on interface Serial3/0

R2(config)#interface serial 3/1

R2(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

R2(config)#interface serial 3/5

R2(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

R2(config-if)#interface f0/0

R2(config-if)#interface f0/0

R2(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

*Oct 12 04:44:12.411: %PIM-5-DRCHG: DR change from neighbor 0.0.0.0 to 20.1.1.1 on interface FastEthernet0/0

*Oct 12 04:49:10.347: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 2.2.2.2 UP on interface Serial3/1

R2(config-if)#exit



R3(config)#ip multicast-routing

R3(config)#interface f0/0

R3(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

*Oct 12 04:48:44.135: %PIM-5-DRCHG: DR change from neighbor 0.0.0.0 to 30.1.1.1 on interface FastEthernet0/0

R3(config-if)#int serial 3/1

R3(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

*Oct 12 04:49:10.063: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 2.2.2.1 UP on interface Serial3/1

R3(config-if)#int serial 3/2 R3(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

*Oct 12 04:50:17.187: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 3.3.3.2 UP on interface Serial3/2

R3(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#ip multicast-routing R4(config)#int f0/0

R4(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

*Oct 12 04:50:01.915: %PIM-5-DRCHG: DR change from neighbor 0.0.0.0 to 40.1.1.1 on interface FastEthernet0/0

R4(config-if)#int s3/2

R4(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

*Oct 12 04:50:17.539: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 3.3.3.1 UP on interface Serial3/2 R4(config-if)#int se3/3

R4(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

*Oct 12 04:50:27.947: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 4.4.4.2 UP on interface Serial3/3

R4(config-if)#exit

R5(config)#ip multicast-routing

R5(config)#int se3/5

R5(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

*Oct 12 04:52:52.875: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 5.5.5.2 UP on interface Serial3/5

R5(config-if)#int f0/0

R5(config-if)#ip pim dense-mode

R5(config-if)#exit

*Oct 12 04:53:14.715: %PIM-5-DRCHG: DR change from neighbor 0.0.0.0 to 50.1.1.1 on interface FastEthernet0/0



R1#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR Mode Count Intvl Prior 1.1.1.1 Serial3/0 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0 4.4.4.2 Serial3/3 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1 FastEthernet0/0 v2/D 0 30 1 10.1.1.1

R1#show ip pim neighbor PIM Neighbor Table Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority, P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR Address Prio/Mode 1.1.1.2 Serial3/0 00:18:24/00:01:31 v2 1 / S P G 4.4.4.1 Serial3/3 00:10:40/00:01:24 v2 1 / S P G

R2#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR Mode Count Intvl Prior 1.1.1.2 Serial3/0 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0 2.2.2.1 Serial3/1 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0 5.5.5.2 Serial3/5 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0 20.1.1.1 FastEthernet0/0 v2/D 0 30 1 20.1.1.1



R2#show ip pim neighbor PIM Neighbor Table Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority, P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR Address Prio/Mode 1.1.1.1 Serial3/0 00:19:31/00:01:24 v2 1 / S P G 2.2.2.2 Serial3/1 00:13:04/00:01:26 v2 1 / S P G 5.5.5.1 Serial3/5 00:09:22/00:01:43 v2 1 / S P G

R3#show ip pim neighbor PIM Neighbor Table Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority, P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR Address Prio/Mode 2.2.2.1 Serial3/1 00:13:36/00:01:25 v2 1 / S P G 3.3.3.2 Serial3/2 00:12:29/00:01:33 v2 1 / S P G

R3#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR Mode Count Intvl Prior 30.1.1.1 FastEthernet0/0 v2/D 0 30 1 30.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 Serial3/1 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0 3.3.3.1 Serial3/2 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

R4#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR Mode Count Intvl Prior 40.1.1.1 FastEthernet0/0 v2/D 0 30 1 40.1.1.1 3.3.3.2 Serial3/2 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0 4.4.4.1 Serial3/3 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

R4#show ip pim neighbor PIM Neighbor Table Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority, P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR Address Prio/Mode 3.3.3.1 Serial3/2 00:13:24/00:01:37 v2 1 / S P G 4.4.4.2 Serial3/3 00:13:14/00:01:15 v2 1 / S P G

R5#show ip pim neighbor PIM Neighbor Table Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority, P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR Address Prio/Mode 5.5.5.2 Serial3/5 00:11:22/00:01:40 v2 1 / S P G

R5#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR Mode Count Intvl Prior 5.5.5.1 Serial3/5 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0 50.1.1.1 FastEthernet0/0 v2/D 0 30 1 50.1.1.1

R5#show ip igmp group IGMP Connected Group Membership Group Address Interface Uptime Expires Last Reporter Group Accounted 224.0.1.40 Serial3/5 00:12:24 stopped 5.5.5.1

(During testing and in the absence of IGMP-capable recipients we have to manually configure multicast group membership on a router interface. IOS provides command to designate group membership on an interface. The join-group command makes the router behave as a member of the specified group)



R5(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0 R5(config-if)#ip igmp join-group 224.5.5.5 R5(config-if)#end

R5#show ip mroute IP Multicast Routing Table Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected, L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag, T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry, E - Extranet, X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement, U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report, Z - Multicast Tunnel, z - MDT-data group sender, Y - Joined MDT-data group, y - Sending to MDT-data group, G - Received BGP C-Mroute, g - Sent BGP C-Mroute, Q - Received BGP S-A Route, q - Sent BGP S-A Route, V - RD & Vector, v - Vector Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched, A - Assert winner Timers: Uptime/Expires Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 224.5.5.5), 00:02:49/00:02:49, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DCL Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: FastEthernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:02:49/stopped Serial3/5, Forward/Dense, 00:02:49/stopped



(*, 224.0.1.40), 00:20:32/stopped, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DCL Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Serial3/5, Forward/Dense, 00:20:32/stopped

R1#ping 224.5.5.5 repeat 5 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 140 ms Reply to request 1 from 50.1.1.1, 148 ms Reply to request 2 from 50.1.1.1, 144 ms Reply to request 3 from 50.1.1.1, 184 ms Reply to request 4 from 50.1.1.1, 112 ms

R2#ping 224.5.5.5 repeat 5 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 128 ms Reply to request 1 from 50.1.1.1, 36 ms Reply to request 2 from 50.1.1.1, 44 ms Reply to request 3 from 50.1.1.1, 84 ms Reply to request 4 from 50.1.1.1, 76 ms

R3#ping 224.5.5.5 repeat 5 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 240 ms Reply to request 1 from 50.1.1.1, 64 ms Reply to request 2 from 50.1.1.1, 64 ms Reply to request 3 from 50.1.1.1, 156 ms Reply to request 4 from 50.1.1.1, 128 ms

R4#ping 224.5.5.5 repeat 5 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 300 ms Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 476 ms Reply to request 1 from 50.1.1.1, 272 ms Reply to request 1 from 50.1.1.1, 272 ms Reply to request 2 from 50.1.1.1, 180 ms Reply to request 2 from 50.1.1.1, 184 ms Reply to request 3 from 50.1.1.1, 180 ms Reply to request 3 from 50.1.1.1, 192 ms Reply to request 4 from 50.1.1.1, 116 ms Reply to request 4 from 50.1.1.1, 116 ms



GOAL: