Russian and Syrian troops oversee the passage of civilians through the Abu Duhur crossing at the eastern edge of the planned buffer zone around rebel territory in Idlib on October 23, 2018 (AFP Photo/GEORGE OURFALIAN)

Syrian rebels of the Turkish-backed National Liberation Front reposition a tank on October 9, 2018 after moving it from territory earmarked for a buffer zone between rebel and government forces (AFP Photo/OMAR HAJ KADOUR)

The positions of different military forces in Idlib province and the proposed buffer zone, a deal that appears more strained after the air strikes (AFP Photo/Sophie RAMIS)

Syrian families walk as members of Russian and Syrian forces stand guard at the Abu Duhur crossing on the eastern edge of Syria's Idlib province on October 23, 2018.Civilians are coming from rebel-held areas in Idlib province and entering regime-held territories through the Abu Duhur crossing, some of them returning to their villages that were recaptured by the regime forces earlier this year. (AFP Photo/GEORGE OURFALIAN)

Beirut (AFP) - Syrian government forces killed 23 rebels near Idlib province on Friday, the deadliest clash to rock a buffer zone where a Russian-Turkish truce is to be enforced.

The attack on a position held by the Jaish al-Izza rebel group took place on the edge of the northwestern province of Idlib, in an area due to be de-militarised.

According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, government forces moved in to take a high building held by the rebels in a rural area of neighbouring Hama province.

Idlib and some surrounding areas are the last major rebel bastion in Syria, where the Russian-backed government has in recent months retaken much of the territory it had lost since the civil war erupted in 2011.

It had threatened an assault on rebel territory, home to around three million people, but a deal for a de-militarised buffer zone around it was reached in September between Moscow and rebel backer Ankara.

Several deadly skirmishes have occurred since the deal but 23 is the highest number of known fatalities in a single incident inside the planned buffer zone, the Observatory said.

- Deadliest clash -

"This is the highest death toll in the de-militarised zone since it was announced," Rami Abdel Rahman, head of the Britain-based monitoring group, told AFP.

He said at least 35 rebel fighters were also wounded in the clash but could not provide a casualty toll for government forces.

It was not clear what prompted the attack, which did not appear to signal any large-scale government offensive or otherwise threaten the September 17 truce deal.

The government troops pulled out of the buffer zone after the flare-up, the Observatory said, adding that the fighting went on for much of the night.

Jaish al-Izza is a rebel group which was formerly supported by the United States and is mostly active in the Lataminah area of Hama province, where the attack took place.

It is not a member of the main rebel alliance in the Idlib area and after initially rejecting the truce deal struck by Moscow and Ankara, it had begun complying and pulling back its heavy weaponry.

The withdrawal of the most radical fighters and the removal of heavy weapons from the planned buffer zone has not happened in full but the agreement successfully averted an all-out government assault.

- Turkey and Russia -

Aid organisations had warned that a fully-fledged offensive on Idlib could spark the worst humanitarian catastrophe of the civil war so far.

Moscow is expected to restrain Damascus while Ankara is supposed to use its leverage on the rebels, including jihadists, to get them to regroup in specified areas and halt attacks on strategic regime-held territory.

Only sporadic incidents have broken out in the 15- to 20-kilometre (nine- to 12-mile) buffer zone in the past two months, killing 18 civilians and three fighters before Friday's clash.

The task assigned to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan is near impossible, observers say, but the pause in fighting in Idlib has been largely respected.

"Erdogan knows Russia needs him to ultimately convert its military victory into a political victory in Syria," said Karim Emile Bitar, of the Paris-based Institute of International and Strategic Affairs.

He has since shifted the focus to northeastern Syria, where he has been threatening a military assault against Kurdish-held areas along the border.

The Kurds are the main allies of the US-led coalition in its push against the last pocket controlled by the Islamic State group in eastern Syria.

In response to the Turkish threats, they have suspended their involvement in the fight against the jihadists, leaving Washington in a bind.