The summary below was written by the Congressional Research Service, which is a nonpartisan division of the Library of Congress.

8/3/1988--Passed Senate amended. (Measure passed Senate, roll call #288 (85-11)) Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 - Makes the legislative history of H.R. 3 applicable to this Act, with specified exceptions. Title I: Trade, Customs, and Tariff Laws - Sets forth congressional findings and purposes with respect to U.S. trade. Subtitle A: United States Trade Agreements - Part 1: Negotiation and Implementation of Trade Agreements - Declares that the overall U.S. negotiating objectives with respect to trade agreements are to obtain: (1) more open and equitable market access; (2) the reduction or elimination of barriers and other trade-distorting practices; and (3) a more effective system of international trading procedures. Sets forth the principal U.S. trade negotiating objectives with respect to: (1) dispute settlement procedures; (2) improvement of the GATT and multilateral trade negotiation agreements; (3) transparency; (4) developing countries; (5) current account surpluses; (6) trade and monetary coordination; (7) agriculture; (8) unfair trade practices; (9) trade in services; (10) intellectual property; (11) foreign direct investment; (12) safeguard measures; (13) specific trade barriers, including the reduction and elimination of tariff and nontariff trade barriers; (14) worker rights; (15) access to high technology; and (16) border taxes. Grants the President the authority, whenever he determines that one or more existing duties or import restrictions of any foreign country or the United States are unduly burdening and restricting the foreign trade of the United States, to: (1) enter, before June 1, 1993, into trade agreements with foreign countries; and (2) proclaim any modification or continuance of duties, continuance of duty-free treatment, or imposition of additional duties, as appropriate. Grants the President the authority to enter, before June 1, 1993, into trade agreements with foreign countries to reduce or eliminate nontariff trade barriers or other distortions or to prohibit or limit the imposition of such barriers or distortions if he determines that they unduly burden or restrict U.S. commerce or adversely affect the U.S. economy, or that the imposition of such barriers or distortions is likely to result in a burden, restriction, or adverse effect. Grants the President the authority, before June 1, 1993, to enter into bilateral trade agreements with foreign countries to eliminate or reduce U.S. duties or trade barriers or distortions to international trade of a foreign country or the United States. Requires the President, before entering into such trade agreements, to consult with specified congressional committees. Sets forth the procedure for entering into such trade agreements. Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to authorize the President, whenever specified actions increase or impose a duty or import restriction, to enter into trade agreements to grant new concessions as compensation to a foreign country that has an existing trade agreement with the United States or to proclaim the modification or continuance of existing duties or duty-free treatment with respect to such agrement if it is necessary to meet U.S. international obligations. Requires the President to determine, before June 1, 1993, whether any major industrial country has failed to make reciprocal trade concessions to the United States under a trade agreement. Requires the President to recommend certain legislation to the Congress with respect to such country if the country has failed to make such concessions. Requires the President to make certain determinations based on specified criteria, regarding state trading enterprises before a foreign country accedes to the GATT. Requires the President, if a country's state trading enterprises meet such criteria, to reserve the right of the United States to withhold extension of such trade agreement between the United States and such country. Provides that, if a country's state trading enterprises meet such criteria, such trade agreement shall not apply between the United States and such country until: (1) such country and the United States enter into an agreement providing that the state trading enterprises will make certain purchases and sales in accordance with commercial considerations and sales; or (2) a bill which approves the extension of such agreement between the United States and such foreign country is enacted. Provides for expedited congressional consideration of such an implementing bill. Part 2: Hearings and Advice Concerning Negotiations - Requires the President, in connection with any proposed trade agreements under this Act, to publish and furnish the International Trade Commission (ITC) with lists of articles which may be considered for modification or continuance of duties, continuance of duty-free or excise treatment, or additional duties. Authorizes the President, in connection with non-tariff trade agreements, to publish and furnish the ITC with lists of non-tariff matters which may be considered for modification. Requires the ITC, with respect to each article or non-tariff matter, to advise the President of the probable economic effects of such modifications on: (1) industries producing like or directly competitive articles; and (2) U.S. manufacturing, agriculture, mining, fishing, services, intellectual property, investment, labor, and consumers. Requires the ITC, in order to assist the President with respect to entering into proposed trade agreements and developing U.S. trade policy, to investigate and report to the President as to the effects of modification of any barrier or other distortion to international trade on domestic workers, industries or sectors, purchasers, prices, and quantities of articles in the United States. Sets forth specified actions the ITC must take in preparing advice on trade matters to the President. Requires the President, before entering into certain trade agreements, to: (1) seek information and advice with regard to such an agreement from the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Interior, Labor, State, and Treasury and from the United States Trade Representative (USTR); and (2) hold public hearings for comments. Permits the President, when seeking certain trade agreements, to make a formal offer for the modification or continuance of any U.S. duty, import restrictions, barriers or distortions to international trade, the continuance of U.S. duty free or excise treatment, or the imposition of additional duties, import restrictions, or other barriers to international trade, including trade in services, foreign direct investment, and intellectual property, with respect to any article or matter only after receiving a summary of the public hearings on such actions and advice from the ITC. Directs the President with respect to offers made in the course of trade negotiations for the modification or continuance of any U.S. duty, import restriction, or barrier to international trade to take into account any advice or reports submitted by: (1) the ITC; (2) the Advisory Committee For Trade Negotiations; or (3) any organization that holds public hearings with respect to any article, or domestic industry that is sensitive or potentially sensitive to imports. Part 3: Other Trade Agreement and Negotiation Provisions - Repeals the Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Materials Importation Act of 1982. Amends the Tariff Schedules of the United States to exempt from duty the following items: (1) catalogs of films, recordings, or other visual and auditory material of an educational, scientific, or cultural character; (2) architectural, engineering, industrial, or commercial drawings and plans, whether originals or reproductions; (3) loose illustrations, reproduction proofs or reproduction films used for the production of books; (4) microfilm, microfiches, and similar film media of printed matter issued by literary or scientific institutions, books with the exception of Bibles and prayer books, newspapers, periodicals, tourist and other literature containing geographic, historical, hotel, or similar information, and manuscripts; (5) puzzles, game, sport, gymnastic, athletic or playground equipment; (6) microfilm, microfiches, or similar film media of crossword puzzle books and toy books; and (7) microfilm, microfiches, or similar film media of official Government publications and documents. Provides that no article of developed photographic film may be exempted from duty unless: (1) a Federal agency designated by the President determines that such article is visual or auditory material of an educational, scientific, or cultural character; or (2) such article is imported by, or certified by the importer to be for the use of, any public or private institution or association approved as educational, scientific, or cultural by a Federal agency designated by the President and is certified by the importer to be visual or auditory material of an educational, scientific, or cultural character or to have been produced by the United Nations. Provides that if the President determines that there is or may be profitmaking exhibition or use of developed photographic film which interferes significantly with domestic production of similar articles he may prescribe regulations imposing restrictions on the entry of that item to insure its use only for nonprofitmaking activities. Provides that the exemption from duty for holograms for laser projection, motion-picture films, sound records and patterns and wall charts will apply only if such items are: (1) imported by, or certified by the importer to be for the use of, educational, scientific, or cultural institutions certified by a Federal agency; and (2) certified by the importer to be of an educational, scientific, or cultural character or to have been produced by the United Nations. Grants duty-free treatment to: (1) holograms for laser projection; (2) motion picture film; (3) sound recordings; (4) patterns and wall charts; (5) tools specially designed to be used for the maintenance, checking, gauging, or repair of scientific instruments; and (6) articles specially designed or adapted for the use or benefit of the blind or other physically or mentally handicapped person. Removes toy models from the exemption from duty. Authorizes the President to restrict the duty-free treatment accorded to tools for scientific instruments or apparatus or articles for the blind and for other handicapped persons if the duty-free treatment has significant adverse impact on a domestic industry manufacturing or producing a like or directly competitive article and the effect of such change is consistent with the provisions of the relevant annexes of the Florence Agreement or the Nairobi Protocol. Provides that if the President proclaims changes to the Tariff Schedules of the United States to limit duty-free treatments, the rate of duty thereafter applicable shall be the rate determined by the President as the rate which would then be applicable to such article from such source if the duty-free treatment had not been enacted. Allows the President to resume duty-free treatment if he determines it could be restored without significant adverse impact on a domestic industry or portion thereof. Requires the President, before limiting or resuming duty-free treatment, to afford an opportunity for interested Government agencies and private persons to present their views concerning the proposed action. Authorizes the President to remove or modify any condition or restriction imposed for visual or auditory material to implement the Nairobi Protocol. Requires the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Commerce to obtain statistical information with respect to printed matter. Implements changes in the tariff treatment of the following products pursuant to the United States-European Communities Agreement on Citrus and Pasta: (1) anchovies; (2) certain cheeses; (3) satsuma oranges (mandarin); (4) olives; (5) capers; (6) paprika; (7) cider; and (8) olive oil. Authorizes the President to modify or terminate such changes at any time. Amends the International Coffee Agreement Act of 1980 to extend the effective period of such Act until October 1, 1989. Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to initiate bilateral currency negotiations with a foreign country on an expedited basis whenever, in the course of trade negotiations, the President is advised by the Secretary that such foreign country satisfies specified criteria for initiating bilateral currency negotiations. Requires the President to update each report on wine exports that the President submitted to specified congressional committees pursuant to the Wine Equity and Export Expansion Act of 1984. Requires each updated report to contain: (1) a description of the tariff or nontariff barriers to trade in U.S. wine of each major wine trading country with respect to which the USTR has carried out consultations; (2) the status of such consultations; and (3) other information based on developments since the submission of the President's report on wine exports. Subtitle B: Implementation of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule - Declares that the Congress approves the U.S. accession to the International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System. Requires the President to submit a copy of each final instrument of the Convention to the Congress. Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to require the President to make such modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule as are necessary to conform the old Tariff Schedules to the format of the Convention. Requires the ITC periodically to review and recommend modifications to the President with respect to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule. Permits the President to proclaim such modifications if he determines that they: (1) conform to U.S. obligations under the Convention; and (2) do not run counter to U.S. economic interests. Requires the ITC to publish the Harmonized Tariff Schedule. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to compile U.S. import and export trade statistics. Makes the USTR responsible for coordinating U.S. trade policy with respect to the Convention. Sets forth provisions with respect to U.S. participation in the Customs Cooperation Council. Provides for conversion to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule. Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to include digital processing units for automatic data processing machines among the products subject to the President's authority to modify their tariff treatment with respect to the enforcement of trade agreements with foreign countries. Subtitle C: Response to Unfair International Trade Practices - Part I: Enforcement of United States Rights Under Trade Agreements and Response to Certain Foreign Trade Practices - Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to require the USTR, subject to the direction of the President, to take specified action to enforce U.S. trade rights under an agreement or to eliminate unfair trade practices if the USTR determines that: (1) the rights of the United States under any agreement are being denied; or (2) a foreign act, policy, or practice violates or otherwise denies U.S. benefits under any agreement, or burdens or restricts U.S. commerce. Sets forth circumstances under which the USTR is not required to take such action. Requires the USTR to take appropriate action to eliminate any foreign act, policy, or practice whenever he determines: (1) that such act, policy, or practice is unreasonable or discriminatory and burdens or restricts U.S. commerce; and (2) that action by the United States is appropriate. Permits any interested person to file a petition with the USTR requesting action to enforce U.S. trade rights under an agreement or eliminate unfair trade practices. Requires the USTR to initiate an investigation with regard to such petition if an affirmative determination is made. Requires the USTR to consult with the foreign country concerned regarding the issues involved in such investigation. Requires the USTR, based on his investigation and the consultations, to: (1) determine whether U.S. trade rights are being denied under any agreement, or any unfair trade act, policy, or practice exists; and (2) determine what action to take if an affirmative determination is made. Sets forth a timetable for such determinations. Requires the USTR to implement action to eliminate such unfair trade practices or enforce U.S. trade rights within 30 days after such determination is made. Requires the USTR, if he makes an affirmative determination involving export targeting by a foreign country and determines not to take action with respect to such affirmative determination, to: (1) establish an advisory panel to recommend measures to promote the competitiveness of the domestic industry affected by the export targeting; (2) on the basis of a specified panel report, take administrative actions or propose legislation that would restore international competitiveness of the affected domestic industry; and (3) submit to the Congress a report on such actions and legislative proposals. Requires the USTR to monitor each measure undertaken or each agreement entered into by a foreign country to: (1) enforce U.S. trade rights under the agreement; or (2) eliminate any unfair trade practice. Provides for modification or termination of actions to enforce U.S. trade rights or eliminate unfair trade practices. Requires the USTR to make available to any person upon request information concerning: (1) trade practices of a foreign country with respect to goods, services, investment, or intellectual property rights; (2) U.S. trade rights under any agreement and the remedies available under such agreement; and (3) past and present domestic and international proceedings with respect to such practices. Requires the USTR to identify U.S. trade liberalization priorities, including major trade barriers and trade distorting practices which if eliminated would have the most potential to increase U.S. exports. Requires the USTR to initiate an investigation with respect to all priority practices identified by the USTR for each of the priority foreign countries. Requires the USTR to identify: (1) those foreign countries that deny adequate protection of intellectual property rights or deny fair market access to U.S. persons that rely upon intellectual property protection; and (2) those foreign countries that have been determined by the USTR to be priority foreign countries. Requires the national trade estimate prepared annually by the USTR to include a list of the trade barriers of each foreign country and an estimate of the value of additional U.S. goods and services and the value of additional foreign direct investment by U.S. persons that would have been exported to, or invested in, each foreign country if each of such trade barriers did not exist. Requires the USTR to consider the value of such U.S. exports and investments in determining the trade distorting impact of such trade barriers. Changes the date on which such annual report (to be known as the National Trade Estimate) is due to April 30, 1989, and on or before March 31 of each succeeding calendar year. Requires the USTR to initiate an investigation with respect to Japanese practices that are barriers to the offering or performance by U.S. persons of architectural, engineering, construction, and consulting services in Japan. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should propose to the Japanese Prime Minister that a summit be held between the leaders of the United States and Japan to: (1) address trade and economic issues; and (2) establish an agreement that provides objectives for improvement in trade and economic relations, including targets for achieving such objectives. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the USTR and other U.S. officials should: (1) give highest priority to concluding and enforcing agreements with Japan which achieve improved market access for U.S. manufacturers of supercomputers and end predatory pricing activities of Japanese companies in the United States, Japan, and other countries; and (2) continue to monitor the efforts of U.S. manufacturers of supercomputers to gain access to Japanese markets while recognizing that Japan may continue to manipulate the government procurement process to maintain the market dominance of Japanese manufacturers. Part 2: Improvement in the Enforcement of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Laws - Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to require the administering authority, with respect to antidumping duty cases, to determine whether a foreign subsidy has been provided to a specific foreign enterprise or industry. Requires a finding that subsidies exist with respect to the manufacture, production, or exportation of certain agricultural products processed from raw agricultural products. Permits the USTR to revoke the status of a foreign country as a country under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures if such foreign country: (1) announces that it does not intend, or is not able, to honor its obligations with respect to the United States or the Agreement; or (2) does not in fact honor such obligations. Requires the administering authority, with respect to countervailing duty investigations, to cumulate all subsidies provided to members of any international consortium in determining any countervailing duty upon merchandise that is manufactured by such consortium. Requires the administering authority, if the merchandise involved in a dumping investigation is exported from a nonmarket economy country and it is not possible to accurately determine the foreign market value of such merchandise from the information submitted by such country, to determine the foreign market value on the basis of the trade-weighted average price at which comparable merchandise is sold by a specified eligible market economy country. Provides for determining such foreign market value when there is inadequate information for making such determination. Defines "nonmarket economy country" to mean any country that the administering authority determines does not operate on market principles of cost or pricing structures. Requires the Commissioner of Customs and the (ITC) to provide the administering authority, upon request, with a copy of all public and proprietary information that they possess that is relevant to dumping proceedings involving merchandise from nonmarket economy countries. Authorizes the administering authority to suspend an antidumping investigation involving a nonmarket economy country if specified conditions are met. Allows a domestic industry that produces a product that is like or directly competitive with merchandise produced by a foreign country to petition the USTR for antidumping action if such industry has reason to believe that: (1) such merchandise is being dumped in an Agreement country (Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade-relating to antidumping measures); and (2) such industry is being materially injured, or threatened with material injury, by reason of such dumping. Sets forth provisions relating to input dumping. Allows the administering authority to consider the occurrence of different movements in the prices at which different forms of merchandise subject to an antidumping duty order are sold after the issuance of such order in the foreign country markets from which such merchandise is exported as evidence of the establishment of a fictitious market for the merchandise if the movement in such prices appears to reduce the amount by which the foreign market value of such merchandise exceeds the U.S. price of the merchandise. Authorizes any domestic producer of an article that is like a "component part" or a "downstream product" to petition the administering authority to designate a downstream product for monitoring. Defines "component part" to mean an import that: (1) during the five years preceding the petition has been subject to a countervailing or antidumping duty order or agreement; and (2) is used routinely as a major part in other manufactured articles. Defines "downstream product" to mean any import into which is incorporated any component part. Requires the administering authority, within 14 days of receiving the petition, to determine whether there is a reasonable likelihood that imports of the downstream product will increase as an indirect result of any diversion of such component parts. Sets forth factors to be considered in making such determination. Requires the administering authority to notify the ITC if such determination is affirmative. Requires the ITC to monitor, and report on, the levels of trade in downstream products. Requires the administering authority to: (1) consider the reports in determining whether to initiate an antidumping or countervailing duty investigation on any downstream product; and (2) request the ITC to stop monitoring such product if the reports indicate that imports are not increasing and there is no reasonable likelihood of diversionary dumping of component parts. Authorizes the administering authority, under specified circumstances, to include within an antidumping or countervailing duty order imported parts or components of certain merchandise assembled in the United States or in other foreign countries. Provides that any steel product manufactured in a country that is not party to a bilateral arrangement (a non-arrangement country), from steel melted and poured in a country that is an arrangement country will be treated for purposes of the quantitative restrictions under that arrangement as if it were a product of an arrangement country. Allows an eligible domestic entity to file a petition with the ITC requesting that a product category be established for short life cycle merchandise that becomes the subject of two or more affirmative dumping determinations. Defines "short life cycle merchandise" to mean any product that the ITC determines is likely to become outmoded within four years. Permits the administering authority, if it finds a reasonable basis to suspect that an alleged subsidy is inconsistent with the Agreement after the initiation of a countervailing or antidumping duty investigation, to request the Commissioner of Customs to compile information on an expedited basis regarding entries of the class or kind of merchandise that is the subject of such investigation. Requires the Commissioner to collect information regarding the volume and value of entries of such merchandise and to transmit such information to the administering authority upon request until: (1) a final determination is made with respect to such investigation; (2) such investigation is terminated; or (3) the administering authority withdraws its request for such information. Requires the ITC, if there is an affirmative determination of a subsidy or dumping, and critical circumstances and material injury to an industry exist, to determine whether retroactive imposition of a countervailing or antidumping duty on the merchandise is necessary to prevent recurrence of material injury that was caused by massive imports of such merchandise over a short period of time. Adds to the conditions permitting a foreign exporter to post a bond in lieu of the deposit of estimated antidumping duties in antidumping duty cases: (1) the antidumping duty investigation has not been designated as extraordinarily complicated; (2) the final determination by the administering authority has not been postponed; (3) the person who was sold dumped products provides credible evidence that the amount by which the foreign market value of such products exceeds the U.S. price for such products is significantly less than the amount of such excess specified in the administering authority's antidumping duty order; and (4) the foreign market value and U.S. price data apply to sales in the ordinary course of trade and the number of such sales are sufficient to form an adequate basis for comparison by the administering authority. Requires the administering authority, before determining whether to permit the posting of such bond in lieu of the deposit of estimated duties, to: (1) make available all proprietary information supplied to it under protective order to all interested parties; and (2) afford all such parties an opportunity to file comments with respect to the posting of such bond. Provides that certain producers of raw agricultural products may be considered part of the industry producing processed agricultural products for purposes of bringing countervailing and antidumping duty complaints. Sets forth the criteria such producers must meet. Defines "material injury" for purposes of complaints involving imports of a raw agricultural product and products processed from such raw agricultural product. Classifies a coalition or trade association which represents either processors, processors and producers, or processors and growers as interested parties in such investigations. Sets forth specified factors to be considered by the administering authority in determining whether a lease is equivalent to a sale for purposes of antiduming or countervailing investigations. Allows the ITC, in making a determination of material injury in an antidumping or countervailing duty case, to consider other economic factors that are relevant to the determination of such injury. Requires the ITC to explain its analysis and the relevance of each factor considered in making its determination. Adds to the factors that the ITC must consider in examining the impact of imports on a domestic industry the actual and potential negative effects on existing efforts of such industry to develop and produce a type of product derived or developed from an earlier type of product. Requires the ITC to evaluate all relevant economic factors within the context of the business cycle and conditions of competition that are distinctive to such industry. Adds to the factors that the ITC must consider in determining whether the threat of material injury exists: (1) the actual and potential negative effects on existing efforts of a domestic industry to develop and produce a type of product derived or developed from an earlier type of product; and (2) in dumping cases, dumping findings in other countries against the same exporter. Requires the ITC in such dumping cases to request information from the foreign exporter or U.S. importer on threat of material injury. Requires the ITC, in determining whether material injury occurred in an antidumping or countervailing duty case, to assess cumulatively the volume and effect of imports from two or more countries of like products if such imports compete with each other and with like products of the domestic industry in the U.S. market and if such imports: (1) are subject to any countervailing or antidumping duty; or (2) during the preceding 12 months were subjected to a final order, suspension agreement, or quantitative restraint resulting from such an investigation. Requires persons making submissions to the administering authority or the ITC in antidumping or countervailing duty proceedings to certify that such submissions are accurate and complete to the best of that person's knowledge. Provides that the administering authority and the ITC shall require that business information for which proprietary treatment is requested in an antidumping or countervailing duty investigation be accompanied by a statement that such information is of a type that should not be released under an administrative protective order. Requires the administering authority to establish procedures for the correction of ministerial errors in final determinations made with respect to antidumping and countervailing duty investigations. Prohibits antidumping and countervailing duties from being treated as regular customs duties for drawback purposes. Subjects merchandise imported by, or for the use of, a U.S. agency to the imposition of countervailing or antidumping duties. Sets forth specified exceptions. Requires the Secretary of Commerce to undertake a study regarding the new market orientation of the People's Republic of China. Part 3: Protection of Intellectual Property Rights - Amends the Tariff Act of of 1930 to make unlawful (and therefore subject to remedies for unfair trade practices) the importation or sale within the United States, if a related industry exists in the United States or is being established, of articles that: (1) infringe a U.S. patent or copyright or are produced by a process covered by a U.S. patent; or (2) infringe a trademark. Makes it unlawful to import a semiconductor chip product in a manner that constitutes infringement of a registered mask work. Sets forth the manner of determining whether a U.S. industry exists. Authorizes the ITC to terminate an investigation into unfair practices in the import trade by issuing a consent order or on the basis of a settlement agreement. Authorizes a complainant to petition the ITC to issue an order for the exclusion of certain articles during an investigation into unfair practices in the import trade. Sets forth the timetable for action by the ITC. Authorizes the ITC to grant preliminary relief with respect to violations involving intellectual property. Provides that the ITC may issue cease and desist orders in addition to or in lieu of exclusionary orders. Increases the penalty for violations of such orders. Requires the ITC to presume the facts alleged in the complaint are true and to issue, upon request, an exclusion from entry or a cease and desist order or both under certain circumstances. Authorizes the ITC to prescribe sanctions for abuse of discovery and abuse of process. Authorizes the ITC to order the forfeiture of an article imported in violation of the import trade unfair practices section if: (1) the importer had previously attempted to import the article; (2) the article was previously denied entry into the United States; and (3) upon such previous denial of entry the Secretary of the Treasury had provided the importer with a specified written notice. Provides that a person who has been previously found to be in violation of the provisions relating to unfair import practices may petition the ITC for a finding that such person is no longer in violation of such provisions or for a modification or rescission of an exclusion. Excludes intellectual property imported by or for the United States from certain exclusion orders. Provides for the protection of the confidentiality of information submitted to the ITC or exchanged among the parties in cases involving unfair import practices. Part 4: Telecommunications Trade - Telecommunications Trade Act of 1988 - Directs the USTR to conduct an investigation to identify priority foreign countries that maintain barriers to U.S. telecommunications product. Requires the USTR within 30 days after such investigation is completed to report on it to the President and appropriate congressional committees. Directs the President to negotiate with such countries for the purpose of entering into an agreement which meets specific negotiating objectives. Sets forth such objectives. Directs the President, if unable to enter into such an agreement, to take whatever actions are necessary to achieve such objectives. Directs the President to take those actions which most directly affect trade in telecommunications products and services with the country concerned, unless it is determined that actions against other economic sectors would be more effective in achieving the negotiating objectives. Sets forth the actions the President may take in such circumstances. Requires the USTR to review annually the effectiveness of: (1) each trade agreement negotiated by the President; and (2) every other trade agreement regarding telecommunications products or services that is in force with respect to the United States. Requires the USTR, with respect to such review, to determine whether a foreign country that has entered into an agreement: (1) is not in compliance with such agreement; or (2) denies to telecommunications products and services of U.S. firms mutually advantageous market opportunities in that country. Authorizes the President to enter into trade agreements with a foreign country to grant concessions as compensation in order to maintain the general level of reciprocal and mutually advantageous concessions if: (1) the President has taken action because no trade agreement could be reached under this Act; and (2) such action is found to be inconsistent with U.S. international obligations, including the GATT. Requires the President to seek advice from a specified interagency trade organization before taking any any action against a foreign country under this Act. Directs the USTR to keep the Congress informed of: (1) the negotiating priorities and objectives for each country involved; (2) the assessment of negotiating prospects; and (3) any U.S. concessions which might be included in negotiations to achieve such objectives. Authorizes the importation of a product that is subject to registration or approval by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) only if: (1) such product conforms with all applicable FCC regulations; and (2) the information which is required on a specified FCC form is provided to the appropriate customs officer at the time of entry into the United States. Directs the FCC, the Secretary of Commerce, and the USTR to provide enforcement assistance to the Secretary of the Treasury upon request. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to provide the Congress with information on such imports. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to study the competitiveness of the U.S. telecommunications industry and the effects of foreign telecommunications policies on it in order to assist the Congress and the President in determining what actions might be necessary to preserve such competitiveness. Subtitle D: Adjustment to Import Competition - Part 1: Positive Adjustment by Industries Injured by Imports - Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to require the President to take appropriate action to help an affected industry make a positive adjustment to import competition if the ITC determines that an article is being imported in such increased quantities as to be a substantial cause (or threat) of serious injury to such industry, which produces an article like or directly competitive with the imported article. Authorizes an entity, including a trade association, firm, union, or group of workers, to file a petition with the ITC requesting action to facilitate positive adjustment to such import competition. Permits a petitioner to submit to the ITC and the USTR a plan to facilitate positive adjustment to such competition. Requires the ITC (upon the filing of a petition, the request of the President or the USTR, the resolution of either the House Committee on Ways and Means or the Senate Committee on Finance, or on its own motion) to investigate whether an article is being imported in such increased quantities as to be a substantial cause (or threat) of serious injury to such industry. Sets forth factors the ITC shall take into account when making such determinations. Authorizes an entity which represents an industry that produces a perishable agricultural product which is like or directly competitive with an imported perishable agricultural product to file a request with the USTR for the monitoring of such imported products. Requires the USTR, within 21 days of such request, to determine if: (1) such import is a perishable agricultural product; and (2) there is a reasonable indication that such product is being imported in such increased quantities as to be, or likely to be, a substantial cause (or threat) of serious injury to an industry. Requires the President, if he considers provisional relief to be warranted, to proclaim any relief necessary to prevent or remedy such injury or threat. Requires the ITC, with respect to affirmative determinations of import injury, to make recommendations about such injury to a domestic industry. Requires the ITC to submit to the President a report on each import injury investigation. Requires the ITC, with respect to such affirmative determinations, to notify the Secretary of Labor and the Secretary of Commerce. Requires such Secretaries to give expedited consideration to petitions by workers for certification of eligibility for trade adjustment assistance. Requires the President, after receiving an affirmative finding of serious injury to a domestic industry, to take appropriate action to facilitate industry efforts to make a positive adjustment to import competition. Directs the President to transmit to the Congress a document describing such actions. Authorizes the President to negotiate orderly marketing agreements with foreign countries if he takes action other than the implementation of such agreements. Sets forth provisions relating to the monitoring, modification, and termination of action implemented under this Act. Part 2: Market Disruption - Declares that affirmative determinations of the ITC with respect to market disruption due to imports from Communist countries must be treated as affirmative determinations requiring action for positive adjustment to import competition under this Act. Sets forth specified factors to be considered by the ITC when making determinations as to the existence of market disruption. Part 3: Trade Adjustment Assistance - Revises the eligibility requirements for trade adjustment assistance for workers and firms. Authorizes the eligibility certification for such assistance of: (1) firms (including those in the oil and gas industry) if increased imports of articles like or directly competitive with articles produced by such firms contribute to a worker's total or partial separation from employment, or threat thereof, and to a decline in sales or production; and (2) workers (including workers in the oil and gas industry) if there are increased imports of articles that are competitive with articles to which the workers or firms provide essential goods or services. Requires the Secretary of Labor to notify each worker who is covered by a certification for trade adjustment assistance. Requires a worker, in order to receive cash assistance, to: (1) be enrolled in a training program approved by the Secretary of Labor; (2) have completed such a program; or (3) have received a written certification from the Secretary or the relevant State or State agency that it is not feasible or appropriate to approve a training program for such worker. Prohibits payment of such assistance to such worker if the worker has failed to begin, or has ceased to participate in, such training program and there is no justifiable cause for such failure or cessation, or the certification for such assistance is revoked, until the worker begins or resumes participation in such training program. Requires the Secretary of Labor (Secretary) to report annually to specified congressional committees on the number of workers who received certifications of job training and the number of such certifications revoked during the preceding year. Directs the Secretary to establish for FY 1989 and 1990 one or more supplemental wage allowance demonstration projects. Limits such allowances to no more than 52 weeks. Requires the Secretary to transmit to the Congress a report regarding such demonstration projects. Requires that if the Secretary approves training for adversely affected workers, the training must be reasonably available. Provides that such training may be paid for directly or through a voucher system. Includes as an approved training program for adversely affected workers: (1) any remedial education program; and (2) any training program for which all, or any portion, of the costs of training the worker are paid under any Federal or State program or from any other source other than from this Act. Limits the total amount of payments for each adversely affected worker to $120,000 for any fiscal year. Requires agreements entered into with States for the provision of training program services for adversely affected workers to include the coordination of the administration of employment services, training, and supplemental job assistance for such workers. Requires each cooperating State agency (agency which provides trade adjustment assistance services) to advise adversely affected workers of training opportunities as soon as practicable. (Current law requires the agency to provide such advice within 60 days of receiving an application for training.) Revises the period of time that trade readjustment allowances can be paid to an adversely affected worker. Terminates on September 30, 1993, trade adjustment assistance programs for workers, technical assistance for firms, and the imposition of import fees to fund such programs. Authorizes appropriations for trade adjustment assistance for workers and for firms through FY 1993. (Current law authorizes such appropriations through FY 1991.) Establishes within the Treasury a Trade Adjustment Assistance Trust Fund. Provides for funding the Trust Fund. Requires the amounts in the Trust Fund to be used to: (1) pay drawbacks and refunds of the duty imposed on all imports under the Trade Act of 1974; (2) carry out trade adjustment assistance for workers and firms; and (3) repay advances made to the Trust Fund from appropriations. Prohibits the use of the amounts in the Trust Fund to pay certain loans guaranteed under programs for trade adjustment assistance for firms. Limits the amount for payment of trade adjustment assistance for workers and firms to available funds in the Trust Fund. Authorizes appropriations to the Trust Fund for payment of such assistance. Directs the President to undertake negotiations to change the GATT to allow countries to impose a small uniform fee on all imports in order to use the revenue from such duty to fund trade adjustment assistance programs. Directs the President to report to the Congress in 1989 and 1990 on the progress of such negotiations. Directs the President to report to the Congress as soon as the GATT allows the imposition of such a fee. Imposes an additional fee on all imports into the United States, including those imports granted duty-free treatment, with specified exceptions. Directs the Secretary of Labor to conduct a study of the methods that could be used to expedite the certification of workers and firms for trade adjustment assistance. Subtitle E: National Security - Amends the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to require the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) to initiate an investigation to determine the effects of imports on U.S. national security upon the request of the head of a Federal agency, application of an interested party, or upon the Secretary's motion. Requires the Secretary of Defense to provide the Secretary with an assessment of the defense requirements of any imported article that is the subject of such an investigation. Requires the Secretary to submit to the President a report on the findings of such investigation with respect to the effect of the importation of such article on national security. Requires the President, within 90 days after receiving a report from the Secretary finding that an article is being imported in such quantities or circumstances as to threaten to impair national security, to: (1) determine whether he concurs with the Secretary's finding; and (2) if he concurs, determine the nature and duration of the action he must take to eliminate such threat to national security. Requires the President, within 30 days of determining what action to take, to submit to the Congress a written statement of the reasons why he has decided to take action or has refused to take action. Repeals a provision of the Trade Act of 1974 relating to presidential reports to the Congress about actions taken with respect to imports that threaten to impair national security. Sets forth provisions relating to the enforcement of machine tool import arrangements. Subtitle F: Trade Agencies; Advice, Consultation, and Reporting Regarding Trade Matters - Part 1: Functions and Organization of Trade Agencies - Subpart A: Office of the United States Trade Representative - Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to revise the duties of the USTR. Requires the USTR to: (1) coordinate the application of Federal interagency resources to specific unfair trade practice cases; (2) identify each act, policy, or practice that may be inconsistent with a trade agreement or has an adverse impact on U.S. commerce or on domestic firms or industries; (3) identify practices that have an adverse impact on U.S. commerce which the attainment of U.S. negotiating objectives would eliminate; and (4) identify, on a biennial basis, those U.S. policies and practices which if engaged in by foreign countries, might constitute unfair trade practices under U.S. law. Subpart B: United States International Trade Commission - Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to make the ITC an independent Federal agency. Prohibits the ITC from releasing confidential business information with respect to investigations concerning the effects of U.S. customs laws unless the party submitting such information has notice that such information would be released by the ITC, or such party subsequently consents to such release. Requires the Trade Remedy Assistance Office of the ITC to provide technical and legal assistance and advice (currently only technical advice) to eligible small businesses with respect to petitions for trade remedies and benefits under U.S. trade laws. Subpart C: Interagency Trade Organization - Amends the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to revise provisions relating to the functions and composition of the interagency trade organization. Expresses the sense of the Congress that such organization should be the principal interagency forum within the executive branch on international trade policy matters. Part 2: Advice and Consultation Regarding Trade Policy, Negotiations, and Agreements - Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to revise provisions relating to private sector and non-Federal information and advice given to the President with respect to the negotiation of trade agreements. Requires the President to establish an Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations (currently the Advisory Committee for Trade Negotiations) to provide overall policy with respect to the negotiation of such trade agreements. Revises provisions relating to the selection of congressional advisors on trade policy and negotiations. Part 3: Annual Reports and National Trade Policy Agenda - Requires the President to submit to the Congress an annual report on the national trade policy agenda for the United States. Subtitle G - Tariff Provisions - Part 1: Amendments to the Tariff Schedules of the United States - Subpart A: Permanent Changes in Tariff Treatment - Amends the Tariff Schedules of the United States to create a new tariff classification to cover imports of certain woven fabrics of man-made fibers. Creates a new tariff classification for, and imposes a duty on, motor fuel blending stocks. Revises special marking requirements for watches and watch components. Excludes the dials of watches and clocks from such requirements. Permits such marking to be done by mold-marking. Deletes the requirement of including information on watch adjustments. Changes the definition of iron and steel slabs to include those exceeding six inches in thickness. Increases the duty on certain gloves by classifying work gloves made of a textile fabric coated with rubber or plastics as gloves of textile material rather than as gloves of rubber or plastics. Provides permanent, duty-free treatment for hatters' fur. Excludes extracorporeal shock wave lithotripters with respect to the duty treatment of electro-surgical apparatus. Reduces the duty on salted and dried plums. Amends the definition of "complete" as used to describe television receivers to mean a television receiver fully assembled in its cabinet (currently, assembled). Provides that picture tubes imported in combination with, or incorporated into, other articles are to be classified in specified tariff schedules, unless they are: (1) incorporated into complete television receivers; (2) incorporated into fully assembled units; (3) put up in kits containing all the parts necessary for assembly into complete television receivers; or (4) put up in kits containing all the parts necessary for assembly into fully assembled units. Provides for duty-free treatment of color television picture tubes of a specified size through December 31, 1990, and September 30, 1988. Reclassifies and imposes a duty on casein, caseinates, and dried milk for human food and animal feed use. Defines plywood and wood verneer panels to include an edge which has been tongued, grooved, lapped, or otherwise worked. Excludes plywood, wood veneer panels, or cellular panels from building boards. Provides a duty on fresh and concentrated grapefruit juice. Provides that the term "synthetic plastics materials" includes silicones whether or not such materials are solid in the finished articles. Places a duty on silicone resins and materials. Provides that the term "rubber" does not include silicones. Subpart B: Temporary Changes in Tariff Treatment - Suspends through December 31, 1990, the tariff on: (1) color couplers and coupler intermediates; (2) specified chemicals; (3) carding and spinning machines specially designed for wool; (4) silk yarn; (5) parts of indirect process electrostatic copying machines; (6) certain plastic sheeting; (7) doll wig yarns; (8) jacquard cards and jacquard heads; (9) tungsten ore; (10) certain stuffed toy figures; (11) kitchenware of transparent, nonglazed glass ceramics; (12) needles for knitting machines; and (13) certain hosiery knitting machines. Suspends through October 31, 1992, the tariff on: (1) certain knitwear fabricated in Guam; and (2) specified chemicals. Suspends through December 31, 1987, the tariff on extracorporeal shock wave lithotripters imported by nonprofit institutions. Provides for a temporary reduction of duties on glass inners for vacuum vessels. Suspends through December 31, 1990, the tariff on: (1) certain offset printing presses; (2) certain bicycle parts; (3) frozen cranberries; (4) specified chemicals; and (5) power-driven weaving machines for fabrics more than 16 feet in width. Extends through December 31, 1990, the suspension of duties on: (1) cantaloupes; (2) certain wools; (3) needlecraft display models; (4) specified chemicals; (5) certain clock radios; (6) machines designed for heat-set, stretch texturing of continuous man-made fibers; (7) mixtures of mashed or macerated hot red peppers and salt; (8) certain small toys; (9) stuffed dolls, certain toy figures, and skins thereof; (10) umbrella frames; (11) crude feathers and down; (12) menthol feedstocks; (13) natural graphite; (14) narrow weaving machines; (15) certain lace-braiding machines; (16) certain hovercraft skirts; (17) surgical gowns; and (18) nicotine resins. Subpart C: Effective Dates - Sets forth effective dates for amendments made by this part. Part 2: Miscellaneous Provisions - Allows specified articles to be imported duty free for use in construction of the telescope for the W.M. Keck Observatory Project in Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Provides for the reliquidation, without liability of the importer of record for antidumping duties, of specified entries. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to reliquidate, as duty-free, four specified entries covering tubular tin products, if a certificate of actual use for the products is submitted to the U.S. Customs Service at the port of entry after September 30, 1988, and before April 1, 1989. Provides that the entry for consumption in October 1986 of any extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter exclusively for use in Hawaii shall be free of duty. Requires an appropriate refund after September 30, 1988. Provides that the entry of certain transistors between March 1, 1985, and November 6, 1986, will be liquidated or reliquidated as if the entry had occurred on November 6, 1986, if a proper request is filed after September 30, 1988, and before April 1, 1989. Subtitle H: Miscellaneous Customs, Trade, and Other Provisions - Part 1: Customs Provisions - Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to require customs officers who seize imported pornography to transmit information about it to the United States Attorney of the district of either: (1) the office at which the seizure took place; or (2) the place to which the book or other matter is addressed. Requires the United States Attorney to institute proceedings for the forfeiture, confiscation, and destruction of the book or matter seized. Increases the period for instituting judicial proceedings for the forfeiture of seized pornography imports to 30 days (from 14 days). Requires an allowance to be made for all detectable moisture and impurities found in imported crude oil or petroleum products when ascertaining tare on such imports. Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to allow the President to designate for duty free treatment watches entered after June 30, 1989, which the President specifically determines will not cause material injury to watch or watch band, strap, or bracelet manufacturing and assembly operations in U.S. or the United States insular possessions. Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to require the Secretary of the Treasury to publish guidelines establishing standards for setting the terms and conditions for cancellation of bonds or charges. Amends the Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 to specify that the Pontiac/Oakland Michigan airport will become a reimbursable customs port. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should express U.S. opposition to the Soviet Union's slave labor practices, including refusing to permit the importation of products made by such labor. Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to increase the penalties for any person who violates country-of-origin marking requirements under such Act. Requires containers of imported preserved mushrooms to indicate in English the country in which they were grown. Provides that Native-American style jewelry and Native-American style arts and crafts will be considered to be in compliance with the Tariff Act of 1930 only if the English name of the country of origin is indelibly marked in a conspicuous place. Allows a duty-free sales enterprise to be located anywhere within: (1) the port of entry from which purchasers of duty-free merchandise depart the customs territory; and (2) 25 statute miles from the exit point where purchasers of duty-free merchandise depart the customs territory. Requires each duty-free enterprise to: (1) establish procedures for reasonable assurance that duty-free merchandise will be exported; (2) enforce guidelines that the merchandise sold will be for personal use if the enterprise is in an airport; (3) display notices stating that duty-free merchandise has not been subject to any Federal duty or tax, must be declared and is subject to Federal duty and tax if brought back to the customs territory, and is subject to the customs laws and regulation of any foreign country to which it is taken; (4) place the merchandise in a duty-free sales enterprise before it is unpacked into saleable units; and (5) deliver duty-free merchandise to the purchaser in an airport, at the exit point of a specific departing flight, within the aircraft on which the purchaser will depart, or by any other reasonable method if the duty-free enterprise is an airport store or to a location beyond the exit point or any location approved by the Secretary before the passage of this Act if the enterprise is a border store. Prohibits the transfer of merchandise for a duty-free enterprise to or through such a facility unless the operator demonstrates to the Secretary of the Treasury that he has obtained any concession or approval required by State or local authorities. Allows the sale of merchandise other than duty-free merchandise, providing it has not been stored in a bonded warehouse facility other than a bonded facility used for retail sales. Removes the exemption from duty if merchandise bought at a duty-free sales enterprise is brought back to the customs territory. Requires the Secretary to establish by regulation a separate class of bonded warehouses for duty-free sales enterprises. Amends the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act to authorize the President to withdraw, suspend, or limit duty-free treatment of articles imported from a beneficiary country if he determines that changed circumstances would bar such country from being designated a beneficiary country under such Act. Amends the Tax Reform Act of 1986 to extend through 1989 duty-free treatment of ethyl alcohol and mixtures thereof from Caribbean countries. Provides that such amendment shall apply, if at all, with respect to such imported mixtures after the date on which the Secretaries of Agriculture, of Energy, and of the Treasury submit to the Congress, and publish in the Federal Register, a written statement certifying that the domestic ethyl alcohol production industry is not meeting U.S. demand and that the quantity of such mixtures that would be imported duty-free by reason of the amendment is necessary to maintain adequate supplies of alcohol for U.S. consumers. Requires the USTR to request relevant agencies to prepare recommendations for improving the enforcement of import restrictions on articles from Cuba. Part 2: Miscellaneous Trade Provisions - Requires the Director of the Census to conduct a study to determine the feasibility of developing an index: (1) that measures the real volume of merchandise trade monthly; and (2) that would be reported simultaneously with the U.S. balance of trade. Requires U.S. trade statistics to be adjusted for inflation or deflation. Expresses the sense of the Congress with respect to U.S. exports of coal to Japan. Declares that the Congress supports U.S. negotiators in efforts to expand opportunities for U.S. automotive parts producers to supply original and replacement parts for Japanese automobiles. Requires the USTR and the Secretary of Commerce to report to the Congress at the conclusion of the MOSS talks with respect to purchases by Japanese firms of U.S. automotive parts. Directs the Secretary of Commerce, after receiving certain study results from the Secretary of Energy, to report recommendations to the President and the Congress for actions to address any impact of imports of crude oil and petroleum products on domestic crude oil exploration and production and the domestic petroleum refining capacity. Directs the USTR to conduct a study of trade barriers erected by auto producing countries against automobile imports and the impact of such barriers on the diversion of automobile imports into the United States. Directs the ITC to monitor and investigate for a two-year period the importation of fresh, chilled, and frozen lamb meat. Part 3: Other Provisions - Amends the Interal Revenue Code to repeal the windfall profit tax on crude oil. Title II: Export Enhancement - Export Enhancement Act of 1988 - Subtitle A: Trade and Foreign Policy - Part 1: Relations with Certain Countries - Urges the President within the context of the Bilateral Framework Agreement on Trade and Investment to continue to pursue consultations with Mexican representatives with respect to implementation of such Agreement and the expansion of trade and investment. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should persuade all countries to desist from further transfers of offensive weaponry to belligerent countries in the Persian Gulf region. Part 2: Fair Trade in Auto Parts - Fair Trade in Auto Parts Act of 1988 - Requires the Secretary of Commerce to establish an initiative to increase the sale of U.S.-made auto parts to Japanese markets. Sets forth specified actions the Secretary should take to achieve such increase in sales. Directs the Secretary to establish a Special Advisory Committee. Sets forth the functions of the Committee, including to: (1) report to the Secretary on Japanese barriers to sales of U.S. auto parts in Japanese markets; (2) advise the Secretary during consultation with Japan on issues concerning such sales; and (3) report to the Congress on the progress of such U.S. sales to Japan. Subtitle B: Export Enhancement - Part 1: General Provisions - Requires the American Institute of Taiwan to employ personnel to perform duties similar to those performed by U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service personnel. Requires the Secretary of State to prepare and transmit to the House Committees on Foreign Affairs and on Ways and Means and the Senate Committees on Foreign Relations and on Finance, and to other appropriate committees a report regarding the economic policy and trade practices of each country with which the United States has a trade relationship. Declares that the Congress reaffirms its support for the Overseas Private Investment Corporation and urges such Corporation to increase its loan guaranty and direct investment programs. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to increase from $750,000,000 to $1,000,000,000 the maximum contingent liability of the Corporation for guarantees under the facultative reinsurance program. Authorizes the Corporation to make loans for direct investment in foreign corporations of not less $25,000,000 in each fiscal year. Declares that the Congress reaffirms its support for the Trade and Development Program. Authorizes the use of development program funds by the President for planning, development, management, and procurement for both bilateral and multilateral projects (including training activities) in order to promote the use of U.S. exports in such projects. Establishes the Trade and Development Program as a separate agency of the International Development Cooperation Agency. Provides for the appointment of the Director of the Trade and Development Program. Requires the Director to establish an advisory board. Authorizes appropriations. Amends the Trade and Development Enhancement Act of 1983 to transfer functions of the Agency for International Development relating to the tied aid credit program to the Trade and Development Program. Directs the President to establish an interagency group on countertrade to review and evaluate: (1) U.S. policy on countertrade and offsets; (2) the use of countertrade and offsets in U.S. exports and bilateral U.S. foreign economic assistance programs; and (3) the need for negotiating with other countries to reach agreements on the use of such countertrade and offsets. Establishes the Office of Barter within the International Trade Administration of the Department of Commerce to: (1) monitor information relating to trends in international barter; (2) disseminate such information to business firms and other interested persons; and (3) provide assistance to enterprises seeking barter and countertrade opportunities. Sets forth provisions relating to the protection of intellectual property. Requires the Secretary of State to conduct a study concerning the utility of specified reports regarding the status of internationally recognized worker rights in foreign countries. Expresses the sense of the Congress with respect to the Japanese importation of goods from less developed countries. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the United States should encourage Japan to end its boycott of trade with Israel. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the United States should become a party to the Convention on the Control and Marking of Articles of Precious Metals in order that the U.S. jewelry industry may penetrate foreign markets. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the issuance of loan guarantees for the development of private enterprises, including cooperatives in developing countries. Part 2: Assistance to Poland - American Aid to Poland Act of 1988 - Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 for purposes of implementing the 1987 United States-Polish science and technology agreement. Authorizes the donation of surplus agricultural commodities to Poland. Authorizes the use of nonconvertible Polish currencies held by the United States for eligible projects approved by a U.S.-Polish Joint Commission. Sets forth such eligible projects. Establishes a U.S.-Polish Joint Commission to approve such projects. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 and 1989 for providing medical supplies and hospital equiment to Poland through private and voluntary organizations. Subtitle C: Export Promotion - Requires the Secretary of Commerce to establish the United States and Foreign Commercial Service within the International Trade Administration. Directs the Commercial Service to place emphasis on the promotion of U.S. exports of goods and services, particularly by small and medium-sized businesses, and on the protection of U.S. businesses abroad. Provides for the appointment of a procurement officer to serve with the Executive Directors of multilateral development banks. Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to establish a Market Development Cooperator Program within the International Trade Administration to develop, maintain, and expand foreign markets for U.S. nonagricultural goods and services. Directs the Secretary to establish a partnership program with cooperators as part of the Market Development Cooperator Program. Requires the Secretary to provide assistance for trade shows involving U.S. businesses seeking to export goods or services to foreign countries (including small businesses new to exporting). Amends the Export Administration Amendments Act of 1985 to authorize appropriations for such export promotion programs for FY 1988 through 1990. Sets forth provisions relating to the Commercial Service's promotion of U.S. goods and services to Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to provide grants to entities for the development of foreign markets for American Indian arts and crafts. Amends the Export Administration Amendments Act of 1985 to authorize the Secretary of Commerce to provide for the printing and distribution outside of the United States of documents related to any export promotion program. Amends the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 to include the construction of low- and medium-income housing and shelter within the definitions of "private sector development activity" and "private enterprise investment." Amends the Export Trading Company Act of 1982 to require the Office of Export Trade to establish a program to assist the operation of other export intermediaries, including existing and newly formed export management companies. Requires the Secretary of Commerce to submit a report to specified congressional committees on the activities of the Department of Commerce to promote the formation of new and the operation of existing and new export promotion intermediaries, including export management companies, export trade associations, bank export trading companies, and export trading companies. Subtitle D: Export Controls - Part 1: Export Controls Generally - Amends the Export Administration Act of 1979 to prohibit any fee charge in connection with the submission or processing of an export license application. Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to issue distribution licenses for consignees in the People's Republic of China. Excludes China from the definition of "controlled country" for purposes of such Act. Sets forth provisions with respect to: (1) the reexport of goods and technology to countries which maintain comparable export controls on such goods and technology; (2) export of goods and technology to non-controlled countries; (3) export control lists, including the review of such lists; (4) trade shows; (5) foreign availability of goods and technology to controlled and non-controlled countries; (6) the review of the performance levels of goods and technology; (7) the control of microprocessors containing controlled parts or components; (8) foreign policy controls; (9) the review of restrictions on exports of crude oil produced in the contiguous United States; (10) the review of export license applications by the Secretary of Defense; (11) violations of the export control laws; (12) the enforcement of such laws; and (13) the judicial review of orders denying the issuance of export licenses. Authorizes appropriations to the Department of Commerce for FY 1989. Terminates the Export Administration Act of 1979 on September 30, 1990. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to monitor for a two-year period, beginning on the enactment of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, exports of processed and unprocessed wood to all countries of the Pacific Rim (Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan). Directs the Secretary of Commerce and Defense to conduct a study on U.S. national security export controls. Part 2: Multilateral Export Control Enhancement - Multilateral Export Control Enhancement Amendments Act - Requires the President to impose, for a three-year period, a prohibition on: (1) any U.S. Government contracting with, or procurement of products and services from, the Toshiba Machine Company, the Kongsberg Trading Company, or any other foreign persons who help divert advanced milling machinery to the Soviet Union; and (2) the importation of products produced by such companies or foreign persons. Requires a similar three-year ban on U.S. Government contracts with or procurement from the Toshiba Corporation and Kongsberg Vaapenfabrikk by any U.S. agency. Sets forth specified exceptions. Sets forth provisions relating to: (1) multilateral export control violations; and (2) improvement of multilateral cooperation with respect to export controls. Amends the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to repeal specified provisions of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1988 with respect to the prohibition on the use of funds to purchase goods or services from the Toshiba Corporation or Kongsberg Vaapenfabrikk. Subtitle E: Miscellaneous Provisions - Amends the Trading with the Enemy Act to set forth provisions relating to the termination of the Office of Alien Property as it relates to World War II war claims. Limits the authority of the President to regulate or prohibit the importation or exportation of publications, films, posters, phonograph records, photographs, microfilms, microfiche, tapes, or other informational materials which are not otherwise controlled for export under the Export Administration Act of 1979. Amends the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to set forth similar limitations. Title III: International Financial Policy - Subtitle A: Exchange Rates and International Economic Policy Coordination - Exchange Rates and International Economic Policy Coordination Act of 1988 - Declares it is U.S. policy that: (1) the United States and other major industrialized countries should take steps to continue the process of coordinating monetary, fiscal, and structural policies initiated in the Plaza Agreement of September 1985; (2) the goal of the United States in international economic negotiations should be to achieve macroeconomic policies and exchange rates consistent with more sustainable balances in trade and capital flows and to foster price stability in conjunction with economic growth; (3) the United States, in coordination with other major industrialized countries, should participate in international currency markets with the objective of producing more orderly adjustment of foreign exchange markets and assisting adjustment toward a more sustainable balance in current accounts; and (4) the accountability of the President for the impact of economic policies and exchange rates on trade competitiveness should be increased. Requires the President to negotiate with other countries to: (1) achieve better coordination of macroeconomic policies of the major industrialized nations, including more sustainable levels of trade and current account balances, and exchange rates of the dollar and other currencies consistent with such balances; and (2) develop a program for improving existing mechanisms for coordination and improving the functioning of the exchange rate system to provide for long-term exchange rate stability consistent with more sustainable current account balances. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury annually to analyze the exchange rate policies of foreign countries and to consider whether countries manipulate the rate of exchange between their currencies and the U.S. dollar for purposes of preventing effective balance of payments adjustments or of gaining unfair competitive advantage in international trade. Requires the Secretary, if he considers that such manipulation is occurring with respect to countries with material global current account surpluses and significant bilateral trade surpluses with the United States, to initiate negotiations with such countries in the International Monetary Fund or bilaterally to ensure that they regularly adjust the exchange rates between their currencies and the U.S. dollar. Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to submit to specified congressional committees a report regarding international economic policy, including exchange rate policy. Sets forth the contents of such report. Amends the Federal Reserve Act to include, in a specified annual report of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to the Congress, an analysis of the impact of the U.S. dollar's exchange rate on the U.S. economy. Subtitle B: International Debt - Part 1: Findings, Purposes, and Statement of Policy - International Debt Management Act of 1988 - Sets forth Congressional findings concerning international debt issues and sets forth the purposes and policy of this title. Part 2: The International Debt Management Authority - Requires the Secretary of the Treasury (Secretary) to study the feasibility and advisability of establishing the International Debt Management Authority which would undertake to: (1) purchase sovereign debt of less developed countries from private creditors at an appropriate discount; (2) enter into negotiations with debtor countries for the purpose of restructuring debt; and (3) assist the creditor banks in the voluntary disposition of their Third World loan portfolio. Lists specific proposals which the Secretary should include in such discussions. Requires the Secretary to report to the Congress on a regular basis on the progress being made on such study and in such discussions. Prohibits the use of any funds, appropriations, contributions, financial guarantee, or any other financial support or obligation of the United States for the creation, operation, or support of the Authority without the express approval of the Congress through subsequent law. Requires the U.S. Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the U.S. Executive Director of the World Bank to request the management of the IMF and of the World Bank, respectively, to prepare an analysis of the debt burden of the developing countries. Part 3: Regulatory Provisions Affecting International Debt - Expresses the sense of the Congress that regulations prescribed by Federal banking regulatory agencies which affect the international assets of the U.S. commercial banks should grant the widest latitude to the banks for negotiating principal and interest reductions with respect to obligations of heavily indebted countries. Sets forth provisions concerning such debtor countries with regard to: (1) debt restructuring; (2) recapitalization; (3) depository reserves for loan losses; and (4) data on foreign loan risks. Requires the Comptroller of the Currency, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to conduct a study to determine the extent of any regulatory obstacle to negotiated reductions in the debt service obligations associated with a foreign debt. Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to conduct a study of the feasibility and the efficacy of reducing the international debt of the poorest of the heavily indebted countries through a one-time allocation by the IMF of limited purpose Special Drawing Rights to such countries. Subtitle C: Multilateral Development Banks - Multilateral Development Banks Procurement Act of 1988 - Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of each multilateral development bank to give high priority to promoting opportunities for the export of U.S. goods and services and, in carrying out this function, to investigate complaints from U.S. bidders about the award of procurement contracts by such banks. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to designate an officer of multilateral development bank procurement within the Office of International Affairs in the Department of the Treasury. Subtitle D: Export-Import Bank and Tied Aid Credit Amendments - Export-Import Bank and Tied Aid Credit Amendments of 1988 - Amends the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 to authorize appropriations for the Tied Aid Credit Fund for FY 1989. Requires the President and Chairman of the Export-Import Bank, on or before December 31, 1988, to submit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate a report identifying and analyzing the tied aid credit practices of other countries and to make recommendations for dealing with such practices. Requires the President and such chairman, within 90 days after enactment of this Act, to submit to the House Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs and the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs a report which contains: (1) an assessment of the effectiveness of recent program changes in increasing U.S. exports to developing countries; and (2) an identification of additional specific policy changes which would enable the Export-Import Bank to increase the financing of U.S. exports to developing countries and would encourage greater private sector participation in such financing efforts. Provides that, for purposes of determining "substantial injury" with respect to certain Export-Import Bank determinations, the extension of credit or guarantee by the Bank will cause substantial injury if the amount of the capacity for production established, or the amount of the increase in such capacity expanded, by such credit or guarantee equals or exceeds one percent of U.S. production. Subtitle E: Export Trading Company Act Amendments - Export Trading Company Act Amendments of 1988 - Amends the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 to set forth provisions with respect to the determination of whether a company is operating as an export trading company. Prohibits the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from disapproving a proposed investment solely because of the proposed assets-to-equity ratio of an export trading company unless such ratio is greater than 20-to-one. Prohibits the Board from imposing a dollar limit on the amount of goods an export trading company may maintain in inventory, except under specified circumstances (such as such action being found necessary to prevent unduly burdensome risks being borne by the investor bank holding company). Subtitle F: Primary Dealers - Primary Dealers Act of 1988 - Prohibits the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from designating any person of a foreign country as a primary dealer in government debt instruments if that foreign country does not accord to United States companies the same competitive opportunities in the underwriting and distribution of government debt instruments issued by that country as it accords to domestic companies. Allows an exception to such prohibition for countries having or negotiating bilateral agreements with the United States. Subtitle G: Financial Reports - Financial Reports Act of 1988 - Requires the Secretary of the Treasury, in conjunction with the Secretary of State, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Department of Commerce, to report to the Congress on: (1) the foreign countries from which foreign financial services institutions have entered into the business of providing financial services in the United States; (2) the kinds of financial services being offered; (3) the extent to which such countries deny national treatment to U.S. banking organizations and securities companies; and (4) the efforts undertaken by the United States to eliminate such discrimination. Requires the President (when advantageous) to conduct discussions with the governments of countries that are major financial centers, aimed at: (1) ensuring that U.S. banking organizations and securities companies have access to foreign markets and receive national treatment in those markets; (2) reducing or eliminating barriers to, and other distortions of, international trade in financial services; (3) achieving reasonable comparability in the types of financial services permissible for financial service companies; and (4) developing uniform supervisory standards for banking organizations and securities companies, including uniform capital standards. Requires consultation with the Congress prior to entering into such discussions and requires the President to transmit to the Congress any recommendations that have emerged from those discussions. Requires the Federal Reserve Board to submit a report to the Congress on the issues raised by including loan loss reserves as part of banks' primary capital for regulatory purposes. Title IV: Agricultural Trade - Agricultural Competitiveness and Trade Act of 1988 - Subtitle A: Findings, Policies, and Purpose - Expresses the findings of the Congress regarding: (1) the decline in U.S. agricultural exports; (2) the resulting loss of jobs and economic threat to family farms and rural areas; and (3) the need for increased use of agricultural export programs, including food aid programs, and programs to strengthen the purchasing and distribution capacities of importing nations. States that it is the policy of the United States to: (1) provide agricultural commodities and products for export at competitive prices; (2) support the principal of free trade and the promotion of fair trade in such products; (3) support the negotiating objectives of this Act to eliminate or reduce constraints on open trade in such products; (4) use statutory authority to counter unfair foreign trade practices, including export promotion programs, and, if necessary, restrictions on U.S. imports of agricultural commodities and products in order to encourage fair and open trade; and (5) provide for increased representation of U.S. agricultural trade interests in the formulation of national fiscal and monetary policy affecting trade. Declares it is the purpose of this title to: (1) increase the Department of Agriculture's effectiveness in agricultural trade policy formulation; and (2) improve the competitiveness of U.S. agricultural commodities and products in the world market. Subtitle B: Agricultural Trade Initiatives - Part 1: General Provisions - Requires the Secretary of Agriculture annually to prepare, and the President to submit with the budget for each fiscal year, a Long-Term Agricultural Trade Strategy Report establishing recommended levels of spending on international activities of the Department of Agriculture for one, five, and ten fiscal year periods. Sets forth the contents of such report. Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to provide technical services to the USTR with respect to international negotiations on agricultural trade. Authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to any country that has a positive trade balance with the United States, to develop a plan under which that country would purchase U.S. agricultural products for use in development activities in developing countries. Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to evaluate the reorganization proposal recommended by the National Commission on Agricultural Trade and Export Policy to improve management of international trade activities of the Department of Agriculture. Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to establish within the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) an office to provide trade assistance and information to persons who are interested in exporting U.S. agricultural products or who believe they have been injured by unfair trade practices with respect to trade in such products. Part 2: Foreign Agricultural Service - Sets forth provisions concerning the FAS with respect to: (1) personnel levels; (2) agricultural attache educational programs; and (3) the foreign market development cooperator program. Authorizes appropriations for the FAS for FY 1988 through 1990. Subtitle C: Existing Agricultural Trade Programs - Requires the President, if a law has not been enacted before January 1, 1990, that implements a negotiated agreement under the Uruguay round of multilateral trade negotiations conducted under the GATT, to: (1) report to specified congressional committees on the status of the GATT negotiations on agricultural trade; and (2) certify to the Congress whether or not progress has been made in such negotiations. Requires the President, if he does not certify that progress has been made before the marketing of the 1990 wheat crop, to instruct the Secretary of Agriculture to permit the producers to repay loans made under the Agricultural Act of 1949 for each of the 1990 crops of wheat, feed grains, and soybeans at a level that is the lesser of: (1) the loan level determined for such crop; or (2) the prevailing world market price for such crop. Sets forth provisions relating to the promotion of agricultural exports. Sets forth provisions relating to price support programs for sunflower seeds and cottonseed. Amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to require the President to approve agreements for agricultural commodities distribution or sale by recipient countries on a multiyear basis if such agreements meet specified requirements. Sets forth provisions relating to: (1) export assistance for agricultural products; (2) the export credit gruarantee program; (3) the agricultural export enhancement program; (4) dairy export incentive program; (5) the barter of agricultural products; (6) food assistance to foreign countries; and (7) food aid and market development. Subtitle D: Wood and Wood Products - Amends the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 to include wood and processed wood products as agricultural commodities under such Act. Amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to include wood and wood products as agricultural commodities for short-term export credit purposes under such Act. Amends the Food for Peace Act of 1966 to include wood and wood products as agricultural commodities for intermediate-term credit purposes under such Act. Amends the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 to establish a cooperative national forest products marketing program to provide: (1) technical assistance to States, landowners, and small- or medium-sized forest products firms in order to improve foreign and domestic marketing; and (2) matching grants to States for State and regional forest products marketing. Authorizes FY 1988 through 1991 appropriations. Directs the Secretary to submit annual program reports to the Congress, with the final report due by September 30, 1990. Subtitle E: Studies and Reports - Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to conduct studies and/or reports on: (1) the Canadian Wheat Board's import licensing program; (2) the quantity of imported raw and processed agricultural products; (3) imported honey; (4) dairy import quotas; (5) intermediate export credit with respect to the enhancement of U.S. agricultural exports; (6) imported meat, poultry, eggs, and egg products; (7) circumvention of U.S. agricultural quotas; (8) imports of lamb meat; and (9) imported roses. Subtitle F: Miscellaneous Agricultural Provisions - Amends the Agricultural Adjustment Act to treat as other-source milk any milk produced by dairies owned by foreign persons and financed by or with the use of tax exempt bonds. Requires allocation of such milk as though it were received from producer-handlers for purposes of classifying it under the milk marketing program of such Act. Provides marketing order paid advertising for Florida-grown strawberries. Provides for an extension (not to exceed 35 days) of the time period for marketing orders. Amends the Federal Meat Inspection Act with respect to the inspection of meat by foreign countries that is imported into the United States. Expresses the sense of the Congress that land grant colleges should encourage the study and career objective of international marketing of agricultural products. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the USTR should enter into negotiations with the European Community concerning its use of duties, tariffs, and subsidies to limit the access to it of U.S. eggs and egg products. Expresses the sense of the Congress with respect to the opening of Republic of Korea markets to U.S. beef. Expresses the sense of the Congress with respect to U.S. access to Japanese agricultural markets. Subtitle G: Pesticide Monitoring Improvements - Pesticide Monitoring Improvements Act of 1988 - Sets forth provisions relating to the monitoring of imported and domestic food products for pesticide residues. Title V: Foreign Corrupt Practices Amendments; Investment; and Technology - Subtitle A: Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Amendments; Review of Certain Acquisitions - Part 1: Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Amendments - Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Amendments of 1988 - Amends the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to prohibit the imposition of criminal liability on securities issuers who fail to maintain an internal accounting controls system. Prohibits anyone from knowingly circumventing such accounting system for a purpose inconsistent with the accountability and accuracy goals of such system. Requires only good faith efforts at ensuring compliance by issuers who hold 50 percent or less of the voting power of domestic or foreign firms. Defines "reasonable assurances" and "reasonable detail." Amends the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 to revise the prohibition against domestic concerns using any means of interstate commerce to further payments to obtain business with a foreign official. Prohibits such payments that are made to: (1) influence a foreign official's act or induce such an official to violate a legal duty; or (2) induce a foreign official to affect a foreign government's act. Exempts from such prohibitions payments to foreign officials to expedite or to secure the performance of routine governmental action. Sets forth affirmative defenses for violations of this Act. Revises the fines and criminal penalties for violations of such Act. Prohibits domestic concerns from using interstate commerce to direct or authorize an agent to further such a payment to a foreign official. Empowers the Attorney General to undertake all civil investigations necessary to enforce this Act. Part 2: Review of Certain Mergers, Acquisitions, and Takeovers - Amends the Defense Production Act of 1950 to authorize the President to initiate an investigation to determine the effects on national security of mergers, acquisitions, and takeovers of U.S. corporations by foreign persons and persons engaged in U.S. interstate commerce. Authorizes the President to take action to restrict, suspend, or prohibit such merger, acquisition, or takeover if national security is threatened. Sets forth specified factors the President must consider in taking such action. Requires the President to report to the Congress. Subtitle B: Technology - Part 1: Technology Competitiveness - Technology Competitiveness Act - Subpart A: National Institute of Standards and Technology - Renames the National Bureau of Standards as the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Establishes the National Institute of Standards and Technology within the Department of Commerce. Declares that the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall enhance the competitiveness of American industry while maintaining its function as the lead national laboratory for providing the measurements, calibrations, and quality assurance techniques which underpin U.S. commerce, technological progress, improved product reliability and manufacturing processes, and public safety. Repeals specified provisions of Federal law relating to the National Bureau of Standards. Subpart B: Technology Extension Activities and Clearinghouse on State and Local Initiatives - Requires the Secretary of Commerce to provide assistance for the creation and support of Regional Centers for the Transfer of Manufacturing Technology that will be affiliated with any nonprofit institution or organization that applies for and is awarded a grant. Provides for the Centers to enhance productivity and technological performance in United States manufacturing through: (1) the transfer of manufacturing technology and techniques developed at the Institute; (2) the participation of individuals from industry, universities, State governments, other Federal agencies and the Institute; (3) efforts to make new manufacturing technology usable by small and medium-sized companies; (4) the dissemination of scientific, engineering, technical, and management information about manufacturing to industrial firms; and (5) use of the expertise of Federal laboratories other than the Institute. Provides that the Center's activities will include: (1) establishing experimental automated manufacturing systems, based on the Institute's research ; (2) disseminating Center expertise to a wide range of companies; and (3) making loans of items of advanced manufacturing equipment to small manufacturing firms with less than 100 employees. Authorizes the Secretary to provide financial support to any Center for a period not to exceed six years. Prohibits the Secretary from providing to a Center more than 50 percent of the capital and annual operating and maintenance funds required to maintain it. Requires that applicants for financial assistance provide assurances that they will contribute at least 50 percent of the Center's capital and annual operating and maintenance costs. Requires applicants to submit as part of their proposals a plan for the allocation of the legal rights associated with any invention which may result from the Center's technology transfer and research. Requires the Secretary to subject each application to merit review, peer review or other similar process and to consider: (1) the merits of the application; (2) the quality of service; (3) geographical diversity; and (4) the percentage of funding from other sources. Requires that each Center receiving a grant shall be evaluated during its third year of operation by a panel appointed by the Secretary. Prohibits the Secretary from providing funding for the fourth through the sixth years of such Center's operation unless the evaluation is positive. Prohibits the Department of Commerce from funding a Center after the sixth year of operation. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1989 and 1990. Authorizes the Secretary to provide technical assistance to State technology programs to help U.S. businesses, par