Tens of thousands of Iraqis marched through Baghdad today demanding the expulsion of US troops, some hanging effigies of Donald Trump.

However, populist cleric Moqtada al-Sadr's calls for a 'million man march' fell well short and the crowds dissipated after a few hours.

It comes after a US drone strike in the Iraqi capital killed Iranian general Qassem Soleimani on January 3 and subsequent strikes on Iran-backed shi'ite militia.

Sadr kept his march well away from the US Embassy - which was stormed last month - and Tahrir Square, the scene of ongoing anti-government protests.

Supporters of Iraqi Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr carry a symbolic gallows with an effigy of President Donald Trump during a demonstration in central Baghdad on Friday

Supporters of Iraqi Shi'ite cleric Moqtada al-Sadr carry placards depicting U.S. President Donald Trump at a protest against what they say is U.S. presence and violations in Iraq

Followers of Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr gather in Baghdad, Iraq, Friday

Throngs started gathering early on Friday at al-Hurriya Square near Baghdad's main university.

'We want them all out - America, Israel, and the corrupt politicians in government,' said Raed Abu Zahra, a health worker from southern Samawa, who had come by bus to Baghdad and stayed in Sadr City, a sprawling district controlled by Sadr's followers.

Anti-American protesters in the Iraqi capital today

'We support the anti-government protests in Tahrir Square as well, but understand why Sadr held this protest here so it doesn't take attention from theirs,' he added.

The protests have shattered nearly two years of relative calm following the 2017 defeat of Islamic State and threaten to send the country back into major civil strife.

Unrest erupted in October with protests against a corrupt ruling elite, including Iran-backed politicians, that have met deadly force from government security forces and pro-Iran paramilitaries that dominate the state.

Washington's killing this month of Iranian military mastermind Qassem Soleimani added a new dimension to the crisis.

It has temporarily united rival Shi'ite groups in opposition to the presence of U.S. troops - a rallying cry that critics say aims simply to refocus the street and kill the momentum of the anti-establishment protests that challenge their grip on power.

Sadr, who commands a following of millions in vast Baghdad slums, opposes all foreign interference in Iraq but has recently aligned himself more closely with Iran, whose allies have dominated state institutions since a 2003 U.S.-led invasion.

Sadr supported anti-government protests when they began in October, but did not publicly urge his followers to join them.

Thousands of Muqtada al-Sadr followers and supporters of Iran-backed Shiite armed groups participated in a demonstration, calling for the US to end its military presence in Iraq, since the Iraqi Parliament approved a measure calling for United States troops to leave

Women hold placards denouncing Donald Trump's 'crimes' and referring to 'US terrorism'

The demonstrations have since taken aim at all groups and figures that are part of the post-2003 system including Sadr, who although often considered an outsider is part of that system, commanding one of the two largest blocs in parliament.

Parliament urged the government to eject U.S. troops after the killing of Soleimani, but Sunni and Kurdish politicians boycotted the session, the first time lawmakers have voted along ethnic and sectarian lines since the defeat of IS.

Sunnis and Kurds generally oppose the withdrawal of U.S. troops, seeing them as crucial in fighting against IS remnants and a buffer against dominance of Iran.

U.S.-Iran tension playing out on Iraqi soil has further fractured Iraqi politics and distracted leaders from forming a new government.

Iraq's top Shi'ite Muslim cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, called in his weekly sermon for political groups to form a government as soon as possible to bring stability to the country and enact reforms to improve Iraqis' lives.

'Iraq's sovereignty must be respected ... and citizens should have the right to peaceful protest,' said the cleric, who comments on politics only in times of crisis and wields great influence over Iraq's Shi'ite majority.

Iraqi President Barham Salih posted a photo of Friday's march on Twitter and wrote that Iraqis deserved a 'fully sovereign state that serves its people.'

Under the government of caretaker Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi, who said he would quit in November, security forces and unidentified gunmen believed to be linked to powerful Iran-backed militias killed nearly 450 anti-establishment protesters.

Marchers on Friday wore Iraqi flags and symbolic white robes indicating they were willing to die for Iraq while others sat looking out over the square from half finished buildings, holding signs reading 'No America, no Israel, no colonialists'.

Anti-American marchers were protected by Sadr's Saraya al-Salam, or Peace Brigades, and Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces, an umbrella grouping of mostly Iran-backed Shi'ite militias, witnesses said.

The march did not head as initially feared towards U.S. Embassy, the scene of violent clashes last month when militia supporters tried to storm the compound.

Many marchers boarded buses in the early afternoon to head home. A smaller number shuffled along towards Tahrir Square.

Outside the U.S. embassy in Baghdad's fortified Green Zone, a sign read 'Warning. Do not cross this barrier, we will use pre-emptive measures against any attempt to cross.'