Tesco has pledged to step up its efforts in the battle against single-use plastic with measures that include banning brands using excessive packaging from Britain’s largest supermarket chain.

Dave Lewis, Tesco’s chief executive, said the company would “reserve the right not to list” products with too much non-recyclable packaging from next year onwards, in an article published on theguardian.com.

Tesco gave suppliers a list of preferred materials in May 2018, but is now planning to turn up the pressure as public awareness of the environmental harm caused by plastic packaging grows.

“We can’t overlook the fact that for too long, packaging on consumer goods has been excessive,” Lewis wrote. “We have all looked at the settled contents of a cereal packet and puzzled over the comparative size of the bag and box. Or opened a bag of crisps and wondered why the packaging is twice the size of the contents.”

In its latest annual report Tesco said 13% of packaging on its own-brand products was hard to recycle, such as the black plastic used in microwaveable meals; this will be eliminated by the end of this year, Lewis said. He added that Tesco was working with branded suppliers to do the same.

Tesco has itself been the subject of criticism over its packaging in the past, but any improvements could have major implications for Britons’ plastic waste. Lewis said scrapping the plastic used to package tins in multipacks alone would save 490 tonnes of plastic a year, and it could prevent the sale of more than 50m plastic beer can binders.

The supermarket is trialling measures to reduce waste at its Extra store near Cambridge. Lewis, who took over the supermarket in 2014 and has since initiated severe cost-cutting, pledged to roll out the most effective measures across the retailer’s 2,658 British stores.

Quick Guide Essential rules of effective recycling Show Rinse your bottles and tins Really mucky packaging will be considered too contaminated and be rejected. Recycling envelopes with plastic windows is fine The same goes for sticky tape on wrapping paper – although the more of this you can remove, the better. A cotton bag for life needs to be used 131 times to be worth it Whatever type of bag you choose, the key to reducing its environmental impact is to reuse it as many times as possible. Get your milk delivered in glass bottles Even though reusable glass bottles are heavy and require higher temperatures during the initial production process – thereby consuming more energy – they are generally the better option, particularly if the milkman delivers from nearby farms. Buy recycled plastic products when you can Even if you recycle newly created or 'virgin' plastic, you are still fuelling the demand for it. Use a tin for your sandwiches The 'reduce and reuse' mantra applies: investing in a sandwich tin or reusable wrappers is a better option – if you really will use them again and again. Stick with reusable coffee cups for now Processes are being developed to recycle disposable coffee cups, most local authorities won’t currently collect them. Plastic supermarket packaging reduces some food waste... ...but it still does more harm than good overall Use compostable plastic – even though it isn’t perfect Many fast-food outlets are switching to compostable plastics, such as Vegware, to boost their eco-credentials. But, unless your local authority sends its food and garden waste to an industrial compost facility, these containers will remain decidedly plasticy for many generations to come. Avoid black plastic food packaging Black plastic is problematic as it cannot be identified by automatic sorting machines and therefore is not currently recycled. Soft plastics can be recycled Check whether your local supermarket has a carrier bag collection point – these also accept bread bags, breakfast cereal liners, frozen food bags, bubble wrap, and magazine and newspaper wrappers. The odd small mistake in is OK – but not with nappies Certain items that should never be put in a recycling box. Used pet litter, medical and sanitary products – including nappies - can cause an entire recycling truck load to be sent to landfill instead of being recycled. Actually, all disposable nappies are a problem A biodegradable nappy still won’t easily break down in landfill. But many 'eco-disposables' use fewer chemicals, such as bleach, during their production process, meaning eco ones are still the best choice. Prioritise metal It takes nearly 20 times as much energy to make a new aluminium can as it does to make one from recycled aluminium. Try to find new homes for old phones and electrical items If the phone still works, wipe the data and pass it on. If your device is irreparable, take it to a household waste recycling centre, or check if your local authority does kerbside collections. If it has a plug, uses batteries, needs recharging or has a picture of a crossed-out wheelie bin on it, your electronic item can generally be recycled. If you aren’t being asked to separate your recycling, that’s a problem According to a report by the National Audit Office last year, more than half of the packaging reported as recycled is, in fact, sent abroad for processing – with little guarantee it won’t be burned or buried in landfill. Lobby your local council and the government The current recycling system is inconsistent and confusing – and there is only a limited amount that we can achieve as individuals. Ultimately, it is governments and companies that set the rules, so get on to a campaign site to put pressure on them to change. Linda Geddes

Tesco’s move comes amid a growing public backlash against plastic packaging that has spurred the government to implement a single-use plastic bag levy and consider policies such as mandatory deposit return schemes for bottles.

Other major supermarkets have trialled processes that could reduce packaging. Morrisons and Waitrose have both tested refill stations to allow customers to buy packaging-free goods, including pasta, wine and cleaning materials. Iceland last year pledged to eliminate all plastics in its own-brand products within five years.

Tesco is also trialling the Loop scheme, which aims to dramatically increase packaging reuse. Loop, run by recycling firm Terracycle, has signed up other large partners, including consumer goods firms Procter & Gamble, Unilever, Coca-Cola and Mondelēz.

Supermarkets and food companies in the UK have been spurred into action by government plans to introduce the “polluter pays” principle in its approach to waste. New rules, currently under consultation, could force private companies, including supermarkets, to pay as much as £1bn a year more towards the UK’s recycling infrastructure – up from about £70m now.

Lewis called for the government to take a national approach to recycling in order to standardise processes. Households currently face confusing variation in the quality of recycling services, which can result in products being sent to landfill that would be recycled under a different local authority in houses in the next street. National recycling rates have plateaued at about 45% since 2013, according to government figures.

Lewis wrote: “Today, recycling rates vary across local authorities from 65% to 14%. Without a national infrastructure, industry efforts to improve the recyclability of materials used in packaging will not have the impact we need.”

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