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A new University of Liverpool study has concluded that the anglers' myth 'that fish don't feel pain' can be dispelled: fish do indeed feel pain, with a similarity to that experienced by mammals including humans.

From hyper-ventilating and loss of appetite to long-term behavioral changes after a painful experience, the review by Dr. Lynne Sneddon explores pain among fish and across the animal kingdom and explains its shared molecular foundations and the behaviors associated with avoiding and alleviating it.

Dr. Lynne Sneddon, a biologist and one of the world's leading experts on fish pain, said: "When subject to a potentially painful event fishes show adverse changes in behavior such as suspension of feeding and reduced activity, which are prevented when a pain-relieving drug is provided.

"When the fish's lips are given a painful stimulus they rub the mouth against the side of the tank much like we rub our toe when we stub it.

"If we accept fish experience pain, then this has important implications for how we treat them. Care should be taken when handling fish to avoid damaging their sensitive skin and they should be humanely caught and killed."

The paper is published in a special pain-themed issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B.

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More information: Lynne U. Sneddon. Evolution of nociception and pain: evidence from fish models, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (2019). Journal information: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Lynne U. Sneddon. Evolution of nociception and pain: evidence from fish models,(2019). DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0290