From OWASP

Last revision (mm/dd/yy): 01/22/2013

This type of article aims to provide to development team a easy/quick way to perform automated audit tests against their web application projects over implementation phase.





Description

This page has the objective to show an example SQLMap command to automate the auditing of a web application for SQL injection vulnerabilities. SQLMap is an open source penetration testing tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws and taking over of database servers. (SQLMap homepage).

This command line does not replace a manual audit but can be useful to perform a first validation.

Command line

python sqlmap.py -v 2 --url=http://mysite.com/index --user-agent=SQLMAP --delay=1 --timeout=15 --retries=2 --keep-alive --threads=5 --eta --batch --dbms=MySQL --os=Linux --level=5 --risk=4 --banner --is-dba --dbs --tables --technique=BEUST -s /tmp/scan_report.txt --flush-session -t /tmp/scan_trace.txt --fresh-queries > /tmp/scan_out.txt





Options used to specify HTTP communication behaviors:



Options used to specify audit behaviors:



Options used to specify scan information's' saving behaviors:

-s: Save and resume all data retrieved on a session file (Option details section).

--flush-session: Flush the content of file specified by '-s' in order to avoid the caching mechanisms implemented by default in sqlmap (Option details section).

-t: Log all HTTP traffic into a textual file (Option details section).

--fresh-queries: Ignores query results stored in session file (Option details section).



Extract from SQLMap documentation about SQL injection techniques identified by B/E/U/S/T (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/doc/README.html#toc1.3):

[B]oolean-based blind SQL injection, also known as inferential SQL injection: sqlmap replaces or appends to the affected parameter in the HTTP request, a syntatically valid SQL statement string containing a SELECT sub-statement, or any other SQL statement whose the user want to retrieve the output. For each HTTP response, by making a comparison between the HTTP response headers/body with the original request, the tool inference the output of the injected statement character by character. Alternatively, the user can provide a string or regular expression to match on True pages. The bisection algorithm implemented in sqlmap to perform this technique is able to fetch each character of the output with a maximum of seven HTTP requests. Where the output is not within the clear-text plain charset, sqlmap will adapt the algorithm with bigger ranges to detect the output. [E]rror-based SQL injection: sqlmap replaces or append to the affected parameter a database-specific syntatically wrong statement and parses the HTTP response headers and body in search of DBMS error messages containing the injected pre-defined chain of characters and the statement output within. This technique works when the web application has been configured to disclose back-end database management system error messages only. [U]NION query SQL injection, also known as inband SQL injection: sqlmap appends to the affected parameter a syntatically valid SQL statement string starting with a UNION ALL SELECT. This techique works when the web application page passes the output of the SELECT statement within a for cycle, or similar, so that each line of the query output is printed on the page content. sqlmap is also able to exploit partial (single entry) UNION query SQL injection vulnerabilities which occur when the output of the statement is not cycled in a for construct whereas only the first entry of the query output is displayed. [S]tacked queries SQL injection, also known as multiple statements SQL injection: sqlmap tests if the web application supports stacked queries then, in case it does support, it appends to the affected parameter in the HTTP request, a semi-colon (;) followed by the SQL statement to be executed. This technique is useful to run SQL statements other than SELECT like, for instance, data definition or data manipulation statements possibly leading to file system read and write access and operating system command execution depending on the underlying back-end database management system and the session user privileges. [T]ime-based blind SQL injection, also known as full blind SQL injection: sqlmap replaces or appends to the affected parameter in the HTTP request, a syntatically valid SQL statement string containing a query which put on hold the back-end DBMS to return for a certain number of seconds. For each HTTP response, by making a comparison between the HTTP response time with the original request, the tool inference the output of the injected statement character by character. Like for boolean-based technique, the bisection algorithm is applied.

Report

The python script below can be used to generate a HTML report from the stdout of the command line (redirected to "/tmp/scan_out.txt" in the SQLMap command line):

########################################### # Script to generate a HTML report from a # SQLMap stdout output # # Author : Dominique Righetto # [email protected] # Date : March 2012 ########################################### import sys #I/O paths, take SQLMap STDOUT file from script parameter stdout_file_path = sys.argv[1] report_file_path = stdout_file_path + ".html" #Open STDOUT file in read mode file_handle_read = open(stdout_file_path,"r") #Open REPORT file in write mode file_handle_write = open(report_file_path,"w") #Initialize HTML report stream file_handle_write.write("<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\" lang=\"en\" xml:lang=\"en\">") file_handle_write.write("<head><link rel=\"StyleSheet\" href=\"style.css\" type=\"text/css\" media=\"screen\" /><title>SQLMap HTML Report</title></head>") file_handle_write.write("<body><table id=\"myStyle\">") file_handle_write.write("<thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Test datetime</th><th scope=\"col\">Test description</th></tr></thead>") file_handle_write.write("<tbody>") #Flag to know is global audit is OK cannot_find_injectable_parameter = False #Read STDOUT file line by line for line in file_handle_read: if (line.strip().startswith("[")) and (line.find("[*]") == -1): #Check for special message indicating audit global status if(line.lower().find("all parameters are not injectable") > -1): cannot_find_injectable_parameter = True #Report generation line_part = line.strip().split(" ") if (line_part[2].lower() == "testing"): #Extract useful informations execution_datatime = line_part[0] execution_trace = "" count = 2 while(count < len(line_part)): execution_trace = execution_trace + " " + line_part[count] count = count + 1 #Write report HTML line file_handle_write.write("<tr><td>" + line_part[0] + "</td><td>" + execution_trace + "</td></tr>") file_handle_write.write("</tbody></table>") #Write global audit stauts line if(cannot_find_injectable_parameter): file_handle_write.write("<h1 class=\"success\">SQLMap cannot find injectable parameters !</h1>") else: file_handle_write.write("<h1 class=\"fail\">SQLMap can find injectable parameters !</h1>") #Finalize report HTML stream file_handle_write.write("</body></html>") #Close I/O stream file_handle_write.close() file_handle_read.close() #Print some informations print "Report generated to " + report_file_path

To generate the report use the command line below:

python SQMReportGenerator.py /tmp/scan_out.txt

The report will be generated into the same location than the input file using source file name and adding ".html" extension as report name.

The script use an external CSS file named "style.css" (located into the same location than the report) to format report.

A CSS sample is available below:

body { line-height: 1.6em; } .success { font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Grande", Sans-Serif; text-align: center; color: green; } .fail { font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Grande", Sans-Serif; text-align: center; color: red; } #myStyle { font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Grande", Sans-Serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 45px; width: 75%; text-align: left; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #6cf; } #myStyle th { padding: 20px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; color: #039; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid #0865c2; border-top: 1px solid #0865c2; border-left: 1px solid #0865c2; border-bottom: 1px solid #fff; } #myStyle td { padding: 10px 20px; color: #669; border-right: 1px dashed #6cf; }

Example of generated report:

Remark about scan scheduling

The scan take a while then it's recommended to schedule is execution: