In Gadsden, Ala., where Mr. Moore was accused of making unwanted advances to women, Melissa Simmons, 32, and Donzella Williams, 40, stood outside a polling place hoping to make a last-minute pitch to voters. Both of them, who are black, said they were appalled by the allegations against Mr. Moore, and spoke of them in the context of raising their children: What sort of message would it carry, they said, to send that sort of man to the Senate?

“Guys are going to think they can do these kinds of things to women, and think, ‘We can get away with it,’” Ms. Williams said. “And Trump is basically telling Roy Moore, ‘It’s O.K., I did the same thing. You’ll get into office and you can push it under the rug.’”

Other women, like Ms. Maycock in Birmingham, who volunteered for Mr. Jones, went to the polls and voted for him with their own painful histories in mind. Casie Baker, 29, said she had been molested as a child, and understood why the allegations had taken so long to surface. “This is nothing against Roy Moore,” she said, “but I personally have dealt with being molested myself, and I know it can take a long time before you can say something.”

Still, after voting in Hoover, Madeleine Bell-Colpack, 19, who is white, took a moment to celebrate, stopping on the church steps to take a selfie in the cold night air. Her vote for Mr. Jones, she said, was a repudiation of a sexually aggressive culture reflected in the allegations against Mr. Moore.