With as many as 45 per cent of British Jews fearing they 'may not have a future in Britain', according to a survey by the Campaign Against Antisemitism - and following an experiment by Israeli Zvika Klein on the streets of Paris, British journalist Jonathan Kalmus decided to test the levels of prejudice in two British cities with shocking results. Volunteers in Copenhagen and Rome also suffered some abuse, as well as welcoming reactions, while Jewish journalists in Stockholm and Berlin walked for hours without incident.

'You Jew' was the anti-Semitic scream which came from a passing car. My shaken wife tried to explain it away to my seven-year-old daughter as a very large sneeze. They were simply playing in a local park in Manchester a few weeks ago when the incident ripped through what should have been a peaceful and wholesome time for any mother and child.

'Fight the Jewish scum' and 'Jew, Jew, Jew... Run', were the more vicious threats hurled at me in the past few days, however, when I decided to secretly film and find out whether 'Jew-hatred' really is alive and kicking on British streets.

The answer to that question is a resounding and heart-sinking yes.

Abuse: It took just minutes for someone on a bike to ride up behind Jonathan Kalmus (bottom right) shouting taunts at him on Manchester's 'curry-mile'

Threatening: The test, all filmed using undercover equipment, found Kalmus was subjected to 10 anti-Semitic incidents in just one-hour on Britain's streets. Above is one scene from Bradford

Followed: In Bradford a man walks behind Kalmus and takes photos on his phone for more than five minutes

I took the inspiration from the viral videos of Israeli journalist Zvika Klein, who filmed himself being threatened on the streets of Paris, and Muslim Hamdy Mahisen, who filmed himself getting abuse in Milan.

Zvika walked in Paris for 10 hours, Hamdy in Milan for five. It took me just one minute. One minute of walking one single, busy major street in Manchester before abuse was flung at me.

In 25 minutes on that one single street in Longsight, I was spat at by one man and called 'a Jew' multiple times by passers by, even by a young boy walking with his father.

I was just walking in the street testing the effect of being clearly identifiable as a Jew by wearing a small traditional Jewish head covering called a kippah.

Disgusting: He is spat at and subjected to sneering looks as he walks the streets of Manchester

Test: Kalmus wears a traditional Jewish 'kippah' head covering to test public reaction on streets of Bradford and Manchester

'NO EXCUSES': DAVID CAMERON HITS OUT AT 'SHOCKING' VIDEO David Cameron today hit out at the 'shocking' discrimination filmed in Manchester and Bradford. The Prime Minister, speaking to MailOnline, said: ‘There are no excuses for the shocking anti-Semitism revealed in this report. ‘The idea that Jewish people feel unsafe again in Europe strikes at the heart of everything we stand for. ‘We must fight anti-Semitism with everything we have got and make sure Britain remains a country that our Jewish communities are proud to call home.’ Labour leader Ed Miliband told MailOnline: ‘Any act of anti-Semitism on our streets brings shame on those who demonstrate hatred and intolerance towards each other. ‘We need to renew our vigilance and ensure every family of every faith can be secure in our country. ‘We must defend loud and clear and with defiance and determination the values we believe in: tolerance, diversity, freedom of speech and freedom of faith.’ A spokesman for the Board of Deputies of British Jews, said: 'Many who are visibly Jewish do suffer this kind of abuse and anti-Semitism and figures from the Community Security Trust (CST) indicate that these kinds of incidents are on the increase.' However, a spokesman for the CST revealed even it was shocked by the number of comments in the time. ‘The fact incidents like this take place of that nature still takes place does not surprise us. The frequency with which they took place – he experience 10 in an hour’s walking – that is worrying,' the spokesman said. 'It suggest lots of these types of incidents maybe going unreported.’ Advertisement

In Bradford the situation was more shameful. It took 13 minutes, during which I was stalked by a man who repeatedly took pictures of me. He followed me on foot for five minutes and thirty seconds according to my footage.

There was a shout of 'you Jew' at me as I crossed the road to Bradford City Park. Minutes later a man turned his head and yelled 'fight the Jewish scum' just behind my back.

Some time later three youths shouted at me across a street repeatedly, 'You're a Jew, not a Muslim...Jew, Jew, Jew run!'

I was prepared to walk for hours and expected to get nothing on camera. On Manchester's curry mile, a haven of mixed cultures and skin colour, it took two-and-half-minutes for a young lad on a bike to ride up to me and shout, 'You're a Jew' in my face. I was left speechless that anti-Semitism is so obvious.

In total, between the two cities I suffered a series of anti-Semitic hate incidents, more than those in Zvika Klein's video and achieved in one-tenth of the time here in Britain. What a horrible reality.

Why did I pick Bradford? For a simple reason. Last summer during the height of another Gaza conflict between Israel and Palestinians, 5,000 people, predominantly young Muslim men, gathered for a mass rally in Bradford City Park. The city's MP, George Galloway, spoke while flanked by two butch men wearing T-shirts emblazoned 'Palestine's army you are not alone'.

Mr Galloway has repeated on many, many occasions that his message and political struggle is with Israel and Israelis, not Jews. Despite that, statistics show that bringing the Middle East's struggles onto the streets of Britain has a direct effect on how people treat Jews.

No one could accuse me of targeting Muslim neighbourhoods to provoke a reaction. This was the centre of an ordinary English city and I was minding my own business.

No one could accuse me of wearing something provocative or political. A Jewish person or any peaceful person walking in a British street anywhere, let alone a city centre, should be welcome.

'Jew... run': Youths in Bradford shouted anti-Semitic taunts across the street

'ANTISEMITISM HAS NO PLACE IN OUR DIVERSE AND THRIVING MANCHESTER' Lucy Powell, the Labour MP for Manchester Central, told MailOnline after watching the footage that: ‘This sort of behaviour is abhorrent and needs to be got rid of from Manchester. ‘We’ve had some of this in the past and we’ve dealt with it very strongly and we should do so again.’ Manchester's deputy leader said there is 'no place' for anti-Semitism in his city after hearing about the results of the experiment. Councillor Bernard Priest spoke out against the horrific comments and actions of some of the city's residents during Jonathan Kalmus' walkabout in Manchester. 'These incidents are not acceptable and have no place in our diverse and thriving city,' he told MailOnline. 'Hate crime can take many forms – from anti-Semitism and Islamaphobia to homophobia or attacks on disabled people – but whoever the victim is, it is always despicable and destructive. 'Manchester is home to a huge number of different cultures, we have a long history of celebrating this diversity and the vast majority of our residents have respect and tolerance for people from different backgrounds.' Mr Priest said the council works closely with organisations including Greater Manchester Police and the Greater Manchester Police and Crime Commissioner, as well as 'a large number' of faith and community groups, to raise awareness of hate crime. A number of third party reporting centres have also been set up, and all victims are encouraged to report any incidents as 'that is the only way we can understand the scale of the problem', Mr Priest said. He added: 'I hope this journalist will contact the police to provide details of what happened to him.' Advertisement

But it is no surprise. The latest statistics from the Jewish Community Security Trust show 2014 was the most anti-Semitic year in Britain on record. 1,168 anti-Semitic incidents in 2014 - that is 37 per cent higher than all the attacks in France in the same year. Anti-Semitism in Britain is growing fast. Incident rates have doubled from 2013 to 2014.

It is completely understandable that anyone who does not feel the threat would not realise the extent of anti-Semitism, how common it is and how it effects Jews in our country every day.

But anti-Semitic attacks and verbal abuse are everyday concerns for British Jews.

Shouts: Youths shouted 'Run...Jew' across the street to British journalist Jonathan Kalmus in Bradford

Sneers: Two men turn to stare at Kalmus as he wears his skullcap on the streets of Manchester

As I encountered anti-Semitism for nothing but walking in a street, many other people walked past me and did nothing. They heard the comments, and were caught on camera turning back and looking as others hurled abuse. When someone spat on my back no one stopped to intervene.

Many thoughts raced through my mind as I continued to walk and film, but one thought screamed out silently. If you see racism on our streets, stand up against it. And even if you do not see it, stand up against it.

'BRADFORD IS A CITY OF SANCTUARY BUILT BY WAVES OF MIGRANTS' Bradford's council leader defended the city after being told of the experiment's results, saying community relations are 'generally very good' and being strengthened all the time. Councillor David Green maintains Bradford is a multi-cultural hub which is proud of its diverse and welcoming communities - despite what the MailOnline's undercover investigation revealed. Mr Green - who noted the area's wealth was built on the hard work of 'successive waves of migrants' - pointed towards the example of the Grade I listed Bradford Reform Synagogue as an illustration of improving relations in the West Yorkshire city. The synagogue, which is Yorkshire's oldest purpose-built shul, had its long-term future secured by the fundraising efforts led by the Muslim community, who worked closely with their Jewish neighbours. 'This further strengthened the local relationship between Jewish and Muslim Bradfordians,' said Mr Green. He added: 'Bradford is a City of Sanctuary and has a long and proud history of welcoming people as new residents and visitors. 'There are generally very good community relations in our city. 'Like everywhere else, there are individuals who would discriminate against other people based on their religion, ethnic origin, gender or disability, but as a council we will always challenge this when it is brought to our attention.' Advertisement

Inspiration: Jonathan Kalmus wanted to copy Israeli journalist Zvika Klein's experiment, who filmed himself being threatened on the streets of Paris

Hate: Zvika Klein is also seen being followed and harassed by this man as he walked the streets wearing a kippah before being spat at by the woman (in picture, right)

In that vein, there was one incident while I stopped in Bradford City Park's branch of Starbucks. As soon as I walked in a Muslim man, sporting traditional Islamic dress and a heavy black beard raised his eyes from his drink, looked at me with wide eyes, stood up, raised his hand and said 'Shalom, Shalom', the traditional Hebrew greeting which means peace.

The harsh and grim outdoors overcast by storm clouds and drizzle lifted. Whatever was the reason for this man's gesture and insistence that I shake his hand, it was warm and hopeful.

Hugs from strangers overshadowed by vile taunts in Copenhagen

After the recent shootings outside the synagogue in Copenhagen, it seemed a bad idea to wear a kippah in Mjølnerparken, where the assassin grew up.

It is an area that is known to have lots of gangs and there is no desire to stir up racial tensions. That said, it quickly became apparent that hardly anyone was taking any notice of it.

While walking down Nørrebrogade, a Jewish man wanted to walk beside me in a gesture to offer protection. But given the only reaction was a couple of glances, there didn't seem much need. It was fine to continue walking.

Under fire: Omar Shargawi, an award-winning Palestinian-Danish documentary maker, only heard this abuse when he watched the film back

Welcoming: Shargawi is greeted with hugs on the streets of Copenhagen while others shout abuse

The dad was explaining to his son that the 'man in front of them' had found his God and they should be happy for me.

There was only ever the feeling of somebody taking a quick look here and there and I was not aware of any abuse. When meeting a friend at the end of filming the experiment, she barely noticed it and I had also almost forgotten that I was wearing it.

I did not hear the 'f*** you little jew' comment at the time. It was only when we were editing the shots that it became clear.

Omar Shargawi, Palestinian-Danish filmmaker, Copenhagen

Peaceful Sabbath turns to spitting and taunts in Rome

Someone shouts 'Shabat Shalom' or 'Have a good Saturday' at the Colosseum, as it throngs with thousands of tourists from over the world.

Built by 20,000 Jewish slaves brought to the Empire's capital by their Roman conquerers, after the destruction of Jerusalem in 70AD, the friendly greeting here is of little surprise, though obviously welcome.

The next testing ground promises to be a little tougher. The north-west district of Vigna Clara is part of Rome's so-called Black Zone because of its known sympathies with the far right.

Greetings: Ben Katz is initially greeted kindly as he wanders around Rome. But the welcoming words did not last

With swastika graffitti on the walls and a distinct preference for the skinheads haircut among young men, Vigna Clara made headlines in 2010 when hundreds of neo-fascists were photographed giving Nazi salutes at the funeral of a fascist terrorist.

But while some of the locals give strange looks, they are more bewilderment than hostility. One shopkeeper walked out of his shop apparently to marvel at the sight of a Jew in Vigna Clara. A market tradesman shouted out 'Shabat Shalom' with his colleague repeating the call.

Hostility: Football fans who were gathered in Martino di Monti (right) shouted taunts as Katz walks by

On the other side of town in Pigneto, the area of Rome most heavily populated with Muslims, the call was repeated yet again. Two young immigrants, who appear to be of African origin, were lingering on a street corner and both good humouredly yelled 'Shalom'.

The friendly greeting was to repeated at one of the city's most popular markets in Esquilino, the historic headquarters of the radical right wing party Casapound.

Dirty: In Piazza Vescovio, the scene of gatherings by the ultras, fascist hooligans associated with Lazio, one man spits

However, the 12-hour walk was not without its unsettling moments. In a nearby piazza San Martino di Monti, football fans were gathered ahead of a Europa League match. One first called out in a threatening but unintelligible way, then turned loudly to his friend, and shouted 'Gay fu****.

In a restaurant close to the central railway station of Termini, a waiter who spotted the kippah immediately called his colleague outside, making derogatory gestures. And in Piazza Vescovio, the scene of gatherings by the ultras, fascist hooligans associated with Lazio, one man lifted his head up in a hostile gesture before spitting over his shoulder.

Ben Katz, Rome

'Ignorant teenagers' marvel at a real-life Jew outside a shopping centre in Berlin

Venturing into the city's rougher neighbourhoods, places like Marzahn and Lichtenberg that have a reputation for being dangerous slums and breeding grounds for right wing extremists like neo-Nazis, it was a relief to find no one even batted an eye at me.

Next up was a more traditionally Muslim area. The walk started at Hermannplatz, the district's largest square, through this traditionally immigrant and working-class neighbourhood. There was no unwanted attention from mothers in headscarves or bearded men opening their electronic shops.

Invisible: Adam Goldman barely attracted the attention of anyone as he walked through Berlin until he reached a shopping mall

In the past few years, Neukölln has become a flashpoint for artists, students and generally all those looking for a ragged, bohemian lifestyle. After the influx of hipsters, scenesters and Israeli, Italian and Spanish expats, the residents are unfazed by the presence of a visually identifiable Jew.

Walking through the more touristy parts of the city center, Mitte, it was easy to blend in with the crowds of native Germans and visitors.

Barely a glance: People in Berlin barely bat an eyelid as Goldman wanders around in a skullcap. Youths gathered at Alexa mall at Alexanderplatz turned and pointed at 'real' Jew

Things were somewhat different in front of the Alexa mall at Alexanderplatz where youths gathered. Many of them turned their heads and pointed as if they couldn't get over the fact that there was a real living Jew standing close to them but that is just ignorant teenagers. For most, a Jew is nothing to bat an eye at.

Adam Goldman, Berlin

'No aggression, just curiosity' on 'Jewish walk' in Stockholm

It's 8am and rush hour on the metro with the population of Stockholm travelling from the suburbs to the centre.

This tram heads the opposite way to Kista Galleria, a shopping centre just 17 minutes from the heart of the city. It is technology hub but also home to a large Muslim population.

In Stockholm, you rarely see a kippah unless you are inside a synagogue during a service. Visiting foreign Jews will often get a subtle commentary by Swedish peers if they have made the mistake of wearing one, as it is widely regarded as unsafe.

Peaceful: Simon Moser conducted the same test on the trams in Stockholm and got no reaction all day

However, walking down the street wearing one, it is, oddly, me who struggles to meet people's gazes.

A woman with a niqab approaches, she is silent and does not seem to see the kippah. An Arab man walking past moment later does not react either.

As the day passes, any concern about wearing the kippah fades away. The tram stops at every station on the blue metro line through the north side of the city. Still nothing.

Invisible: No-one bats an eyelid as Moser walks around shops in Stockholm

After four hours, it is time to switch to the red line which runs through the Southern suburbs of the city. Again, nothing happens.

Surely a school yard, packed full of teenagers, during a lunch break will give rise to the odd comment... but it is quiet. Five, six, seven, now eight hours have passed and not one word or untoward look. Suddenly, on the stairs by the platform a little boy, maybe about 10-years-old, shouts to his friends, 'look, a Jew'. But there is no hatred, no aggression, just curiosity.