Is Your Building Rent-Regulated?

Type in your address to see if your building’s owner is receiving a property tax break that entitles you to a rent-stabilized lease.

(Source: June 2015 property tax bills from John Krauss’s taxbills.nyc)

A spokesperson for Mayor Bill de Blasio’s administration said in emails that officials “became cognizant” of the problem after de Blasio took office last year and “took action promptly to address it.” The matter is now the subject of a “multi-stage, multi-agency” enforcement effort, the spokesperson said.

“While we cannot disclose details on an ongoing investigation, we will not stop until every property is brought into compliance,” the de Blasio spokesperson said.

Announcing their August crackdown, Cuomo and Schneiderman said building owners who don’t register as rent-stabilized face serious legal consequences, including loss of their tax breaks, a rent freeze and paying triple the amount of overcharges any tenant might have received.

Instead of taking those steps, they sent owners of the 194 unregistered buildings a “one-time” opportunity to comply and informed tenants that they should expect their landlords to get into compliance sometime soon.

In the past three years, only two landlords have lost their tax breaks for not following the rent-stabilization rules, city officials have said.

The two tax-incentive programs at issue together provide almost $1.4 billion in property tax savings to New York City real estate owners, with most of the money flowing to multifamily apartment buildings.

Landlords who receive the 421-a and J51 tax benefits are supposed to submit all the units in their properties to rent stabilization for the duration of their tax breaks, which can span up to 34 years and significantly lower property tax burdens, in some instances by more than 90 percent.

Housing attorney Rita Hill, right, accompanied Werner on his rounds in Fort Greene. (Bryan Anselm for ProPublica)

The rent stabilization requirements are intended to help preserve affordability in places like Manhattan’s Stuyvesant Town and Peter Cooper Village, which receive a J51 tax break that subjects all of their 11,000 units to rent stabilization. A 2009 court decision involving Stuyvesant Town confirmed that, as long as such tax breaks are in place, landlords must provide tenants with rent-stabilized leases.

To make sure they are doing so, the state requires landlords to register their rent-stabilized apartments annually and report each unit’s rent. Tenant advocates say registration also creates an important protection for tenants, who are entitled to the rent history and can use it to prove overcharges.

“It’s incredibly important for tenants to be able to know that they’re rent-stabilized and also have the legal record of what the rent increases are,” said Katie Goldstein, executive director of Tenants & Neighbors, a statewide tenants’ rights group.

Landlords who didn’t register used to be ineligible for rent increases. But that changed in 1993, when the New York Legislature eliminated penalties for failing to register. “If they don’t do it, there are no repercussions,” Goldstein said.

Most of the buildings identified by ProPublica were repeat offenders: About 80 percent that didn’t register units in 2013 also didn’t do so from 2009 to 2012. Some appear to have never registered, according to searches against the state’s master directory of rent-stabilized buildings.

The noncompliant properties were mostly smaller buildings receiving 421-a benefits, including many three-family homes and four-to–10 unit apartment complexes. Among the five boroughs, Brooklyn and Queens had largest numbers of unregistered buildings.

In some corners of city government, the gap in registrations has been an open secret. Werner, the housing department analyst, first took notice in 1995.

Werner, 69 and still working at HPD, helps put together the city’s triennial housing survey. He collects data from the state showing all the apartments that have been registered for rent stabilization. The number never exceeded 800,000, he said, while the housing surveys routinely reported a higher number, now more than 1 million.

“The numbers never matched,” Werner said. He estimated the total shortage — beyond just properties receiving the tax breaks — at 200,000 apartments.

Werner said he raised the issue repeatedly with his superiors, but nothing was ever done about it besides occasional meetings and memos that went nowhere. In 2006, he emailed state regulators to inquire about the tax breaks, but no one there answered him, either.

The city denied ProPublica’s public records request for emails and memos about the registration gap.

Earlier this year, Werner took things into his own hands. Using publicly available data, he spent nights and weekends creating his own website where tenants can type in their address and see their building’s registration status and tax breaks. Then, out of frustration, he contacted ProPublica.

Werner distributed fliers to tenants informing them of their right to rent-stabilized leases. (Bryan Anselm for ProPublica)

A reporter accompanied Werner one day in September, when he traipsed through a Brooklyn neighborhood stuffing mailboxes in unregistered buildings with fliers that said they were entitled to rent-stabilized leases.

Last month, Werner met with City Council Member Ben Kallos to discuss enforcement and administration of the law, which is shared by HPD, the city’s Department of Finance and the state Division of Housing and Community Renewal (DHCR). A reporter also attended.

“We have a bureaucratic quagmire between DHCR, HPD and DOF and we as a city and a state must get to the bottom of it,” Kallos said at the meeting. He called Werner “a hero” for raising the issue.

Now, regulators are playing catch-up, distributing fliers of their own.

“YOU ARE ENTITLED TO A RENT-STABILIZED APARTMENT” reads a notice recently distributed to tenants in the 194 buildings targeted by Cuomo and Schneiderman’s enforcement action in August.

Authorities did not identify the owners in August, but ProPublica found one of the buildings in its data. The seven-story, 18-unit complex was built in 2009 at 572 Fifth Ave. in Brooklyn, city records show.

“I had no idea we were supposed to be in a rent-stabilized building,” said Sarah Temech, a mother of two who has been a tenant with her husband, Peter Grossman, for four years.

Among the many rights afforded to rent-stabilized tenants is protection against arbitrary eviction. Temech and Grossman found out how important it could be on their honeymoon in August 2013. Before leaving, they slipped the rent check under the building management’s door and sent a text saying it was there.

But a few days later, Grossman was checking his email on his birthday. “Amongst all the happy birthday texts,” he recalled, was an email from his landlord informing him eviction proceedings had begun because he’d failed to pay his $3,675 rent.

Grossman responded that he’d left the check with management, and by the time the couple returned, it had been cashed. “But sure enough, there’s an eviction notice on our door,” he said.

In an email, the building’s owner, property investor Abe Mendel said: “We NEVER tried to evict any tenant [in] the situation you outline.” Mendel did not answer questions about whether he provided rent-stabilized leases to his tenants.

ProPublica also reviewed the lease for another tenant in Mendel’s building; it was not rent-stabilized.

Grossman and his wife were able to straighten out their issues, but the episode unsettled them.

“I felt uncomfortable in my own home, like I could be kicked out at any moment,” Temech said as her daughter listened in. “I didn’t feel secure here. I haven’t, actually.”

Like this story? Read more of Cezary Podkul’s reporting on business and politics here.