A software repository (“repo” in short) is a central file storage location to keep and maintain software packages, from which users can retrieve packages and install on their computers.

Repositories are often stored on servers on a network for example the internet, which can be accessed by multiple users. However, you can create and configure a local repository on your computer and access it as a single user or allow access to other machines on your LAN (Local Area Network).

One advantage of a setting up a local repository is that you don’t need internet connection to install sofware packages.

YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) is a widely used package management tool for RPM (RedHat Package Manager) based Linux systems, which makes sofware installation easy on Red Hat/CentOS Linux.

In this article, we will explain how to setup a local YUM repository over HTTP (Nginx) web server on CentOS 7 VPS and also show you how to find and install software packages on client CentOS 7 machines.

Our Testing Environment

Yum HTTP Repository Server: CentOS 7 [192.168.0.100] Client Machine: CentOS 7 [192.168.0.101]

Step 1: Install Nginx Web Server

1. First start by installing Nginx HTTP server from the EPEL repository using the YUM package manager as follows.

# yum install epel-release # yum install nginx

2. Once you have installed Nginx web server, you can start it for the first time and enable it to start automatically at system boot.

# systemctl start nginx # systemctl enable nginx # systemctl status nginx

3. Next, you need to open port 80 and 443 to allow web traffic to Nginx service, update the system firewall rules to permit inbound packets on HTTP and HTTPS using the commands below.

# firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=http # firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=https # firewall-cmd --reload

4. Now you can confirm that your Nginx server is up and running, using the following URL; if you see the default Nginx web page, all is well.

http://SERVER_DOMAIN_NAME_OR_IP

Step 2: Create Yum Local Repository

5. In this step, you need to install the required packages for creating, configuring and managing your local repository.

# yum install createrepo yum-utils

6. Next, create the necessary directories (yum repositories) that will store packages and any related information.

# mkdir -p /var/www/html/repos/{base,centosplus,extras,updates}

7. Then use the reposync tool to synchronize CentOS YUM repositories to the local directories as shown.

# reposync -g -l -d -m --repoid=base --newest-only --download-metadata --download_path=/var/www/html/repos/ # reposync -g -l -d -m --repoid=centosplus --newest-only --download-metadata --download_path=/var/www/html/repos/ # reposync -g -l -d -m --repoid=extras --newest-only --download-metadata --download_path=/var/www/html/repos/ # reposync -g -l -d -m --repoid=updates --newest-only --download-metadata --download_path=/var/www/html/repos/

Sample Output

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.fibergrid.in * epel: mirror.xeonbd.com * extras: mirrors.fibergrid.in * updates: mirrors.fibergrid.in base/7/x86_64/group | 891 kB 00:00:02 No Presto metadata available for base (1/9911): 389-ds-base-snmp-1.3.7.5-18.el7.x86_64.rpm | 163 kB 00:00:02 (2/9911): 389-ds-base-devel-1.3.7.5-18.el7.x86_64.rpm | 267 kB 00:00:02 (3/9911): ElectricFence-2.2.2-39.el7.i686.rpm | 35 kB 00:00:00 (4/9911): ElectricFence-2.2.2-39.el7.x86_64.rpm | 35 kB 00:00:00 (5/9911): 389-ds-base-libs-1.3.7.5-18.el7.x86_64.rpm | 695 kB 00:00:04 (6/9911): GConf2-devel-3.2.6-8.el7.i686.rpm | 110 kB 00:00:00 (7/9911): GConf2-devel-3.2.6-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 110 kB 00:00:00 (8/9911): GConf2-3.2.6-8.el7.i686.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00:06

In the above commands, the option:

-g – enables removing of packages that fail GPG signature checking after downloading.

– enables removing of packages that fail GPG signature checking after downloading. -l – enables yum plugin support.

– enables yum plugin support. -d – enables deleting of local packages no longer present in repository.

– enables deleting of local packages no longer present in repository. -m – enables downloading of comps.xml files.

– enables downloading of files. --repoid – specifies the repository ID.

– specifies the repository ID. --newest-only – tell reposync to only pull the latest version of each package in the repos.

– tell reposync to only pull the latest version of each package in the repos. --download-metadata – enables downloading all the non-default metadata.

– enables downloading all the non-default metadata. --download_path – specifies the path to download packages.

8. Next, check the contents of your local directories to ensure that all the packages have been synchronized locally.

# ls -l /var/www/html/repos/base/ # ls -l /var/www/html/repos/base/Packages/ # ls -l /var/www/html/repos/centosplus/ # ls -l /var/www/html/repos/centosplus/Packages/ # ls -l /var/www/html/repos/extras/ # ls -l /var/www/html/repos/extras/Packages/ # ls -l /var/www/html/repos/updates/ # ls -l /var/www/html/repos/updates/Packages/

9. Now create a new repodata for the local repositories by running the following commands, where the flag -g is used to update the package group information using the specified .xml file.

# createrepo -g comps.xml /var/www/html/repos/base/ # createrepo -g comps.xml /var/www/html/repos/centosplus/ # createrepo -g comps.xml /var/www/html/repos/extras/ # createrepo -g comps.xml /var/www/html/repos/updates/

10. To enable viewing of repositories and packages in them, via a web browser, create a Nginx server block which points to the root of your repositories as shown.

# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/repos.conf

Add the following configuration ot file repos.conf.

server { listen 80; server_name repos.test.lab; #change test.lab to your real domain root /var/www/html/repos; location / { index index.php index.html index.htm; autoindex on; #enable listing of directory index } }

Save the file and close it.

11. Then restart your Nginx server and view the repositories from a web browser using the following URL.

http://repos.test.lab

Step 3: Create Cron Job to Synchronize and Create Repositories

12. Next, add a cron job that will automatically synchronize your local repos with the official CentOS repos to grab the updates and security patches.

# vim /etc/cron.daily/update-localrepos

Add these commands in the script.

#!/bin/bash ##specify all local repositories in a single variable LOCAL_REPOS=”base centosplus extras updates” ##a loop to update repos one at a time for REPO in ${LOCAL_REPOS}; do reposync -g -l -d -m --repoid=$REPO --newest-only --download-metadata --download_path=/var/www/html/repos/ createrepo -g comps.xml /var/www/html/repos/$REPO/ done

Save the script and close it and set the appropriate permissions on it.

# chmod 755 /etc/cron.daily/update-localrepos

Step 4: Setup Local Yum Repository on Client Machines

13. Now on your CentOS client machines, add your local repos to the YUM configuration.

# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local-repos.repo

Copy and paste the configuration below in the file local-repos.repo (make changes where necessary).

[local-base] name=CentOS Base baseurl=http://repos.test.lab/base/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 [local-centosplus] name=CentOS CentOSPlus baseurl=http://repos.test.lab/centosplus/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 [local-extras] name=CentOS Extras baseurl=http://repos.test.lab/extras/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 [local-updates] name=CentOS Updates baseurl=http://repos.test.lab/updates/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1

Save the file and start using your local YUM mirrors.

14. Next, run the following command to view your local repos in the list of available YUM repos, on the client machines.

# yum repolist OR # yum repolist all

That’s all! In this article, we have explained how to setup a local YUM repository on CentOS 7. We hope that you found this guide useful. If you have any questions, or any other thoughts to share, use the comment form below.