NurPhoto via Getty Images Hundreds of Canadian youth took part in a massive protest march against climate change in Toronto on May 24, 2019.

A new economic report says the next decade in Canada will increasingly be shaped by the twin forces of climate change and demographic disruption from an aging population. “By 2030, Canada’s economy could look significantly different,” says the RBC report released Monday, dubbed Navigating the 2020s. “A country whose economic identity has long been bound to natural resource extraction will accelerate its transformation into a services economy.” An older population will present governments with challenges including rising health-care costs and elder benefits, the report by RBC economists forecasts. Watch: Will 2020 bring Canadians a recession or a pay hike? Story continues below.

It predicts 650,000 people will be living in Canadian seniors’ residences or nursing homes in 2030, up from 450,000 now, and the extra capacity will cost at least $140 billion to build. Meanwhile, the proportion of working-age Canadians is expected to fall to 1.7 for every youth and senior by 2030, down from 2.3 in 2010. A recent federal report found Canada’s climate warmed 1.7 degrees C between 1948 and 2016, twice the global rate, the RBC report notes. It says dealing with the growing urgency of climate change could influence Canadian farmers’ crop choices, put strains on ports and coastal roads, determine the location of new residential developments and drive up insurance costs.

A country whose economic identity has long been bound to natural resource extraction will accelerate its transformation into a services economy. RBC report

“Canada’s investment in pollution abatement and control increased tenfold in the past decade and will demand even more resources in the 2020s,” the RBC report notes. It cites a recent Canada Energy Regulator study that forecasts energy use per capita will decline almost nine per cent by 2030, while noting a shift from coal to natural gas in electricity generation will reduce emissions intensity. Domestic demand for oil and refined petroleum products will decline due to increased transportation efficiencies but oil production will grow from 4.9 million barrels per day in 2020 to 5.7 million bpd in 2030 thanks to rising exports, the RBC report says.