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The goal of the proposed changes is to ensure the country’s mortgage-lending system “continues to meet the needs of Canadians and support a strong economy . . . and better protect taxpayers by ensuring that the distribution of risk in the housing finance system is appropriately balanced,” the government said.

Along with the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp., a federal agency, there are two major private mortgage insurers — Genworth Financial Mortgage Insurance and Canada Guaranty Mortgage Insurance.

Since the 1950s, the government has required lenders to have mortgage default insurance. At present, insurance is necessary if the mortgage on a property is more than 80 per cent of its value.

Mortgage insurance guarantees the total amount of any default, minus a 10-per-cent deductible paid by the private lender. If a lender does not have enough capital to cover the remaining amount of the mortgage, Ottawa — and ultimately taxpayers — is responsible for the paying the difference.

“The government guarantee of mortgage insurance is intended to protect against severe risks that could threaten financial stability,” the Finance Department said in its consultation document.

“Lender risk sharing would aim to rebalance risk in the housing finance system by requiring lenders to bear a modest portion of loan losses on any insured mortgage that defaults, while maintaining sufficient government backing to support financial stability in a severe stress scenario and borrower access to mortgage financing.”