[Senate Hearing 107-367] [From the U.S. Government Printing Office] S. Hrg. 107-367 THE 2002 WINTER OLYMPICS IN SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH: COOPERATION BETWEEN FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND PRIVATE AGENCIES TO ADDRESS PUBLIC SAFETY CONCERNS ======================================================================= HEARING before the COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION __________ MAY 31, 2001 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH __________ Serial No. J-107-25 __________ Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary 78-538 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2002 ____________________________________________________________________________ For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpr.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; (202) 512�091800 Fax: (202) 512�092250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402�090001 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont, Chairman EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah JOSEPH R. BIDEN, Jr., Delaware STROM THURMOND, South Carolina HERBERT KOHL, Wisconsin CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, Iowa DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin JON KYL, Arizona CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York MIKE DeWINE, Ohio RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama MARIA CANTWELL, Washington SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas MITCH McCONNELL, Kentucky Bruce A. Cohen, Majority Chief Counsel and Staff Director Sharon Prost, Minority Chief Counsel Makan Delrahim, Minority Staff Director C O N T E N T S ---------- STATEMENT OF COMMITTEE MEMBER Page Hatch, Hon. Orrin G., a U.S. Senator from the State of Utah...... 1 WITNESSES Beattie, Lane, State Olympic Officer for the State of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah................................................ 21 Condon, Kathryn, Special Assistant for Military Support, Office of the Secretary of the Army, Washington, D.C.................. 16 Dinse, Charles, Vice Director, Utah Olympic Public Safety Command and Salt Lake City Chief of Police, Salt Lake City, Utah....... 31 Magaw, John, Acting Deputy Director, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C........................................ 8 Romney, Mitt, President and Chief Executive Officer, Salt Lake City Organizing Committee, Salt Lake City, Utah................ 25 Stafford, Brian, Director, United States Secret Service, Department of the Treasury, Washington, D.C.................... 6 Thompson, Larry, Deputy Attorney General, Department of Justice, Washington, D.C................................................ 3 Tubbs, David, Executive Director, Utah Olympic Public Safety Command, Salt Lake City, Utah.................................. 24 Warner, Paul, United States Attorney for the District of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah........................................... 17 Watson, Dale, Assistant Director, Counterterrorism Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, D.C............... 13 SUBMISSIONS FOR THE RECORD Immigration and Naturalization Service, statement................ 42 United States Customs Service, Charles Winwood, Acting Commissioner, statement........................................ 44 THE 2002 WINTER OLYMPICS IN SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH: COOPERATION BETWEEN FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND PRIVATE AGENCIES TO ADDRESS PUBLIC SAFETY CONCERNS ---------- THURSDAY, MAY 31, 2001 United States Senate, Committee on the Judiciary, Salt Lake City, UT The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 1 p.m., in the Scholarship Room, Rice-Eccles Stadium and Tower at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, Hon. Orrin Hatch presiding. Present: Senator Orrin Hatch. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. ORRIN G. HATCH, A U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF UTAH Senator Hatch. I call this hearing of the Senate Judiciary Committee in order to examine the cooperation among Federal, state, local and private agencies to address public safety for the 2002 Winter Olympics. I am so honored to be here with all of these very able leaders. When we hold hearings in Washington, D.C., all we get to look at are the same four walls you've seen hundreds of times before. I think this setting is a whole lot better. I think I like this setting more than almost anything I can think of right now. It is a magnificent view of our beautiful valley. And it is exciting to look over and just see the setting where the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympics will be held. The stadium is quiet today. Just imagine the spirit and pride that will thrive here in less than 10 months. This is an inspiring facility. It's a wonderful facility. It will house the hopes and dreams of so many athletes. It had been uplifting to me to observe so many Utahns working together to host the Olympic games. You all know staging the Olympics doesn't just happen. It takes very careful planning and cooperation. So I feel it is important that the United States Judiciary Committee exercise over these highly visible and important games. I have been talking to different agencies involved in the planning and execution of one of the largest public safety events in this country's history. I have gained a new appreciation for the magnitude of work that has already been done. I think Mitt has given you a little bit of understanding about that. There have been extraordinary cooperative measures taken. I want to publicly confirm this cooperation and ensure that everyone involved has an opportunity to discuss additional initiatives to further improve the public safety and posture of the games. As you can see, we have a number of witnesses here with us today who represent some of the key players involved in the planning and execution of the 2002 Winter Olympics. It is apparent to me by the agency leadership gathered around the table that the public safety issue has the attention of the agencies in Washington D.C., as well as in the field. I want to thank all of you for taking the time to travel and be with us here today, especially during the Memorial Day week, in order to present your testimony. The enormity of this Olympic event is quickly understood when you consider that there are over 60 Federal, state and local agencies, as well as the private sector working for the public safety of all participants and attendees. This includes not only law enforcement, but also the important roles the fire and emergency medical support have, and the public safety commission as well. Past experience has shown that with so many agencies involved in the planning and execution of any large event, there is a tendency for the lines of communication to become long, complex, and sometimes slow. There is also a risk that interests will hamper cooperation. This nation, and in particular Utah, has a long history of overcoming organizational and cultural differences to work together for a common cause. I have great confidence in all of your abilities here at this table and elsewhere and I look forward to working with all of you to make the games a success. In fact, I am very encouraged and impressed by what I've seen and heard so far in reviewing the public safety plans for this event. Let me point out two particular occurrences that demonstrate the opportunity for unprecedented interagency communication and cooperation for preparation for the 2002 Olympics. First, in August 1999, the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics were designated a national security event by Presidential directive number 62. This Presidential directive also defined the roles of Federal agencies, specifically the Secret Service, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and Federal Emergency Management Agency. I think it is important to note that these Federal agencies are not here to replace state and local agencies, but rather to augment them when a crisis exceeds their capabilities. The second occurrence that impresses me is the 1998 bill passed by the Utah State Legislature that created a unified organizational structure of law enforcement, fire service, public works, emergency management, and emergency medical services from all government levels and involved jurisdictions. I'm very proud of our state legislature for having done that. We certainly want to hear how the Utah Olympic Public Safety Command integrates all these services. We have before us an opportunity to break new ground and actually develop a blueprint for similar events that will follow our Olympic games. Much of the groundwork and planning for the 2002 Olympics has tremendous applicability across a broad spectrum of endeavors where interagency cooperation is a part. For example, the law enforcement legacy of the Olympics may help solve some of the issues that the administration, Congress, and state authorities have wrestled with concerning the development and execution of home land defense and domestic preparedness plans. There are a lot of spinoffs from the Salt Lake Olympics that are going to benefit this country well into the future. What we are interested in right now is how are we going to make these Olympics secure and safe and workable in every way for all of those who come to attend and participate in what Mitt Romney has described as a tremendous, tremendous undertaking right in front of our eyes and to see a great nation hosting games, a great city and state hosting games that really will make a difference in all of our lives. Let me introduce the panel we have with us today. First, we have Larry Thompson, Deputy United States Attorney General. Larry, thank you for coming out here and being with us. Brian Stafford, Director of Secret Service. John Magaw, Acting Deputy Director of Federal Emergency Management Agency. Dale Watson, Assistant Director of the Counterterrorism Division of the FBI. Kathryn Condon, Special Assistant for Military Support, Secretary of the Army. Paul Warner, U.S. Attorney, District of Utah. Lane Beattie, State Olympic Officer. Robert Flowers, Commissioner, Utah Department of Public Safety. David Tubbs, Executive Director of Utah Olympic Public Safety Command. Charles Dinse, Vice Director, Utah Olympic Public Safety Command and Salt Lake City Chief of Police. Mitt Romney, President and CEO, Salt Lake City Organizing Committee. At this time, I'll be happy to take opening remarks from those who desire to make them. Due to time constraints I would ask that each of you keep your initial statements brief so that we can spend the majority of the time discussing the important issues involved. We'll turn to you, Deputy Attorney General Thompson and look forward to hearing what you have to say. STATEMENT OF LARRY THOMPSON, DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, WASHINGTON, D.C. Mr. Thompson. Good afternoon, Chairman. Can you hear me? Senator Hatch. Yes, sir. I think you could get a little closer. Mr. Thompson. It my privilege, great privilege, to appear before you today for the purpose of discussing the role of the Department of Justice in working with the State of Utah, with Federal, state and local agencies, and with the Congress to ensure that the 2002 Winter Olympics will be safe and successful. As you know, Mr. Chairman, I was confirmed a little over 2 weeks ago. I want to thank you publicly for all of your support on the Committee to confirm. I am just getting acquainted with all my responsibilities and was delighted to learn that the Department has been actively involved in preparing for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games and Paralympic Winter Games. The Department of Justice is deeply committed to working cooperatively to ensure that the 2002 Games are safe. This morning I had the opportunity to tour some of the Olympic venues. It is a pleasure now to be sitting in this beautiful stadium which will host some of the Olympic events. Salt Lake City provides a magnificent setting for these historic games. I want to do everything I can to ensure that people from all over the world can come to the Games, bring their families, enjoy the spectacular beauty of Utah and the excitement of world-class athletic competition, and feel safe and secure doing so. The Department has invested heavily in this goal. Our investment has been as a partner with Federal, state and local agencies in planning for and preparing to provide law enforcement and public safety support for the Games. We have invested funds in this effort, but more importantly, we have invested substantially in time, people and energy. The Department plays two key roles in ensuring public safety and law enforcement support for the Olympics: First, we work with all the agencies and components involved to plan and prepare for a safe and secure Winter Olympics. We started fulfilling that responsibility shortly after Utah was awarded the Games in 1995. For instance, the Utah Olympic Public Safety Command was required by statute to write a security plan for the Games, actually, a ``game plan'' for providing law enforcement and public safety services throughout the Winter Olympics and the Paralympic Games. Through our Office of Justice Programs, we have made nearly $3 million available to assist in the development of that plan. The plan has been written and it has been tested. We have also provided funding through OJP to arrange for housing and other services for the law enforcement officers who will be involved in ensuring Olympic public safety during the Games in 2002. We have assisted in providing and have participated in training exercises. In addition, we continue to provide support for a planning and operations center. The department has always believed that good working relationships among Federal, state and local agencies lead to effective law enforcement. Our efforts to provide needed funding are important. But perhaps as important as anything that I have talked about so far is the role that our Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee has played in connection with the Games. Our Law Enforcement Coordinating Committees, or LECC's, in each of the 94 districts around the country prove every day that working together enhances the effectiveness of law enforcement in our communities. When I was the U. S. Attorney in Atlanta, I had personal experience with the LECC. I know that the LECC concept works. And nowhere has that been better demonstrated than by the Department's support of the District of Utah's Olympic LECC Initiative. I will let U. S. Attorney Paul Warner discuss his Office's efforts, but I want to thank him publicly for dedicating a senior Assistant U. S. Attorney, David Schwendiman, to work full-time with the Utah Olympic Public Safety Command. That's an unprecedented dedication of resources. David's efforts have complemented those of our other Department personnel who have worked for over 3 years on preparations for the 2002 Olympic Games. Aided by their efforts, and with the personal involvement of the U. S. Attorney, we have forged effective working relationships with the Federal, state and local law enforcement agencies you see before you today, as well as with other agencies and components involved in the day-to-day planning and preparing for the games. This is a coordinated approach that the department fully supports. This kind of approach works and is essential to good law enforcement. Our second role, Mr. Chairman, is crisis management and response. We sincerely hope that through our preparation and planning, we will never have to resort to crisis response. But if anything happens to disrupt the peace and serenity of the Utah Games, it is our responsibility to be prepared to address it. That responsibility is one we also share with Federal, state and local law enforcement agencies. As you know, in August 1999, the 2002 Olympic Games were designated as a National Special Security Event. Consistent with that designation, the FBI, as lead agency for crisis management, is working closely with the Secret Service, FEMA and other Federal, state and local law enforcement, crisis management and consequence management agencies to plan not only for security and public safety at the Olympics, but also for crisis response. These efforts are significant, since the Games will involve more than 3,500 athletes participating in events at many official Olympic venues over a very large geographic area. The Paralympics will follow the Winter Games with more than 1,000 athletes participating. Don Johnson, Special Agent in Charge of the FBI's Salt Lake City Field Office, has done an outstanding job in preparing to meet this challenge. Mr. Johnson and his agents have ensured that their planning efforts are in full partnership with their Federal, state, and local law enforcement counterparts. FBI Assistant Director Dale Watson is here, of course, to speak about the FBI's efforts in this regard. He and all our law enforcement partners at this table have my and my department's full support. I want to close by saying that I believe that the Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games are exciting and worthwhile. From the Games, heroes are made. They show us and our children the value of dedication and commitment to our goals. They show us that dreams can come true. That is why, as I said before, the Department of Justice is fully committed to working with all the agencies represented on this panel to ensure public safety and security for the 2002 Olympic Games. Mr. Chairman, at this time I would be pleased to answer any questions after the other panel members have made their opening statements. Senator Hatch. Thank you. Brian Stafford of the United States Secret Service. Appreciate you being here. STATEMENT OF BRIAN STAFFORD, DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES SECRET SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY, WASHINGTON, D.C. Mr. Stafford. Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman. I would like to thank you and the other members of the Committee for providing a forum such as this on the 2002 Winter Olympics. On behalf of the United States Secret Service, I appreciate the opportunity to address our involvement with planning for the Winter Games, and to highlight the partnerships we have formed in the process of developing an operational security plan. Coordinating security for an event of this scale is a monumental undertaking. We are expecting over 3,500 athletes, officials and other participants; 9,000 media personnel, and an estimated 1.9 million spectators attending competitions at 10 different venues. The games will proceed over a 17-day period, beginning with the opening ceremonies on February 8, 2002. The sheer number of people involved, coupled with the sprawling geographical area that must be secured, is a challenge. The responsibilities of the Secret Service also extend to providing a secure environment at the Olympic Village, the Media Center, and Rice-Eccles Olympic Stadium. In all, the Secret Service is responsible for the coordination of security in a theater of operation encompassing over 900 square miles from venues in downtown Salt Lake City, to more remote events in Provo and Ogden. The goal of the Secret Service is to work with our partners in Federal, state and local law enforcement, as well as with local officials in Utah, to provide a safe and secure environment for the participants and spectators, without diminishing the majesty and grandeur surrounding the Winter Olympics. As Americans, we remember the magical moments inspired by Olympic Athletes. But we also remember the tragedies brought by terrorists in Munich in 1982 and Atlanta in 1996. The Secret Service's involvement with the 2002 Winter Olympics predates August 1999, when the Winter Games were designated as a National Special Security Event. Even before this designation was made, the Secret Service had initiated the process of joining with other Federal, state and local agency representatives in security preparation for the Winter Games. This highlights one of the many advantages of our field office presence across the United States. As early as 1997, it was our personnel who were already in place in Salt Lake City and the other regional field offices that began working with other agency representatives and local officials in the public safety planning process. The Secret Service has also been an active, voting participant in a leadership-level Committee dedicated to the development of an overall safety plan for the Winter Games. This committee, known as the Utah Olympic Public Safety Command, UOPSC, represents 20 Federal, state and local agencies in the seven county impacted area. At Snowbasin, one of the alpine venues, the Secret Service and the Weber County Sheriff's Department are developing an operational security plan for the 3,000 acre site. Securing a venue of this size and scope is a challenge for even the most experienced public safety planners and demonstrates the necessity of interagency cooperation and our reliance on these and other local law enforcement agencies. Other examples of these collaborative efforts include our partnerships with the Summit County Sheriff's Department and the Provo Police Department. Recognizing the need to establish an extensive operational presence throughout the 900 square miles encompassing the Winter Games, the Secret Service has established four different regional support facilities, with sites in Salt Lake City, Ogden, Heber City, and Park City. Inside the secure perimeter of each venue, the Secret Service's Technical Security Division is working closely with explosive specialists from other state and Federal agencies. Their objective is to ensure that nothing has been placed inside the venue ahead of time that could cause death or serious physical injury, and to assist Olympic planners in the development of appropriate protocols for Hazardous Materials and other technical security issues related to major events. Once that task is completed, TAD specialists, in cooperation with the UOPSC Bomb Management Center, will be in place at each official venue to provide screening of packages and vehicles entering the venue. In addition, our TAD specialists for the Winter Games have been working closely with other explosives experts to develop and implement the overall Explosives Ordinance Disposal Plan for the Winter Games. In yet another example of interagency cooperation, the Secret Service and the FBI have been working closely to ensure that both the operational security elements and the crisis response elements of the Federal counterterrorism plan relative to EOD have been properly and effectively integrated in the EOD plan. The Secret Service has also actively participated with the Department of State and the Olympic Committee in the development of an accreditation protocol for the 2002 Winter Games. As you know, Mr. Chairman, no plan can be properly implemented without a reliable communications network. The Secret Service has provided a full-time dedicated communications specialist to work in conjunction with other specialists from the Utah Olympic Public Safety Command, who are required to have a sophisticated communications network capable of servicing all of our public safety partners. This critical project has received significant contributions from the Department of Defense, the FBI, a number of other Federal law enforcement agencies and roughly 45 state and local public safety departments in Utah. When the 2002 Winter Olympics is examined from a security perspective, the Secret Service should be viewed as the preventative component that the Federal Government has in place here in Utah. Our efforts at each Olympic venue represent a multi-layered approach. First, perimeter security. Second, physical security barriers. Third, Explosive Ordinance Disposal sweeps and searches, and fourth, airspace security. Perimeters are generally established at the outer boundary of each venue where vehicles and pedestrians might first enter, and at the point where access would be controlled by magnetometers. These perimeters are maintained by security posts that are strategically positioned to deter any possible intrusion. Physical security features, such as fencing and concrete barriers, are consistent with a counterterrorism plan, but in a manner that is as non-obtrusive as possible. These features are regrettably necessary to prevent unauthorized access to the venues, as well as to protect each venue from any sort of catastrophic event, such as a weapon of mass destruction delivered by a vehicle. Before a venue can be considered ready for its scheduled event and activities, we must first determine that the site is free and clear of any pre-existing or planted explosives. This determination is made by first sealing off the site, followed by a methodical search conducted by qualified EOD technicians. The Secret Service employs these methods daily in its protective mission, and has developed the sweep and search plan for the official venues in the same manner. Securing these venues and protecting them from terrorist threats cannot be complete without addressing the airspace above each venue. All venues have been pre-designated as being a temporary flight restricted area (TRFA) and will be monitored by the U. S. Customs Service and Federal Aviation Administration for potential incursions. This capability also includes an air-response component that is designed to investigate, identify and redirect any intruding aircraft. Personnel involved with these assets have received extensive operational training in an airborne environment. In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, the Secret Service is proud of our collaborative effort with other Federal, state and local law enforcement agencies in providing a safe and secure environment for the 2002 Winter Olympics. No single agency could accomplish such an undertaking on its own, and we simply could not perform this mission successfully without the critical assistance, support and expertise provided by both our Federal partners, and the dedicated law enforcement community in Utah. That concludes my prepared statement and I would be happy to answer any questions that you or other members of the Committee may have. Senator Hatch. Thank you, Mr. Stafford. We are happy to have you here. STATEMENT OF JOHN MAGAW, ACTING DEPUTY DIRECTOR, FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, WASHINGTON, D.C. Mr. Magaw. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I'm John Magaw, Acting Deputy Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The FEMA Director couldn't be here today and regrets that he was unable to be here with you. I am grateful to the distinguished members of this Committee for the opportunity to appear before you today in Salt Lake City to address public safety and security concerns during the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. The 2002 Olympic Winter Games have been designated a National Special Security Event. The roles and responsibilities for Federal counterterrorism planning and operations for a National Special Security Event are divided between the United States Secret Service, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and FEMA. While the role each organization plays is distinct, it is critical that they must be coordinated so that any response is handled seamlessly. This coordination is required not only at the Federal level, but also at State and local levels. The deputy director of FEMA asked me to represent him here today and regrets that he is unable to be here but he sends you his best regards and commitment to support in these games. FEMA is pleased to appear before you to today to discuss the cooperation among Federal, state, local and private agencies to address public safety concerns during the 2002 Olympic winter games. FEMA's whole being is coordinating and working with others. Whether it is an earthquake or whatever it might be. So we're here with that in mind. Our whole plan is to work together as a team. While my comments on behalf of the Director are by and large focused on Federal efforts, these efforts are clearly at the request and in the cooperation with all state and local entities. With me today is Pete McCursky who is FEMA's chief project officer for the Olympics. He's been working with this since 1977 or 1978 and he stays with it day in and day out. We're proud of his special efforts. He will continue to be here as things gear up and move along, so that there would be a consistency. The 2002 Olympic Winter Games, as Mr. Stafford has already said, are a National Special Security Event. And as such, the three main units, Secret Service, FBI, and FEMA coordinate and must work together to bring in all the other Federal assets. Each organization plays a distinct and critical role as has already been mentioned, what they play. Crisis management is FBI and clearly for FEMA is the consequence. But they are never apart. They are shoulder to shoulder. At the Federal level, with helping FEMA and working closely with FEMA to respond to the consequences of an event is the Department of Energy, Department of Health and Human Services, the Environmental Protection Agency, Justice, Transportation, Agriculture and also with the support of the Defense department. All in all, there are 27 agencies signed on to a Federal Response Plan. That Federal Response Plan along with the 26 or 27 Federal departments plus the American Red Cross provides the guidelines for a quick interface, a complete interface, lack of duplication. And so it applies whether it is a storm somewhere or a flood in the Mississippi, or whether it is a terrorist threat or terrorist act of weapons of mass destruction. Clearly they are not all the same, but a lot of the basic cooperation response is the same. In 1997, the terrorism index annex was added to this Federal Response Plan. And the state and locals are well aware, most of them have copies and are working with this Federal Response Plan. There is also another plan that you might hear about and that is what's called the CONPLAN. That goes into a little bit more depth of how all the Federal entities are going to interface with the state and locals as they need us to do so. FEMA also enjoys a strong working relationship with the Utah division of comprehensive emergency management, Utah Olympic Public Safety Command, Salt Lake city office of risk management, and Salt Lake City Olympic committee. In coordination with each of these organizations, FEMA and with other members that have already been described, is developing an operation supplement to that Federal Response Plan that I talked to you about which pulls all these agencies together. And there is a special supplement for the Olympics. It's being pulled together with all of the elements so that there is a smooth functioning operation. There is a panel known and made up of representatives of the Secret Service, FBI, U.S. Attorney's Office, DOJ, Utah National Guard and FEMA, that is playing a role in reviewing all the requests, all the ideas, requests for services and help and equipment to make sure that we're properly utilizing all of the assets across this country within the Federal assets without duplication and also without overloading the area with unneeded resources, but having them stand by fairly close. At the state level, FEMA is a member of two Utah Olympic planning subcommittees, that's emergency management and the infrastructure protection. Also, as requested by the State of Utah FEMA has been evaluating and assisting with the refinement of the Utah public safety Committee Olympic plan. These efforts at the national, regional, state and local level demonstrate cooperative nature in the coordination of these activities. FEMA recognizes that developing plans alone is not sufficient. Plans must be exercised and they must be tested. And we have participated in a variety of exercises, workshops and seminars. Through these activities over the last months, a number of things of been learned and coordinations have been refined and the stand by of equipment and personnel and resources have been refined. Over the next seven or 8 months there will be many additional exercises, FEMA will participate in all of them and will continue to work toward the final package. FEMA intends to build on the experiences of each of these exercises by conducting also a seminar with state and regional interagency steering committees, Secret Service and the FBI in August of 2001. We've already conducted one tabletop exercise that was very beneficial. FEMA also conducted an integrated emergency management course. FEMA found that in each area a lot of times the total package of personnel did not get together to discuss a particular problem. So that we have put on two of those programs where everybody from the mayor to the police chief to the fire chief to the state and locals all participated in workout projects so that it isn't the first time as something happens. The participants represented were Salt Lake City, Ogden, Park City, Provo, West Lake, Heber City as well as Salt Lake, Weber, Summit, Utah and Wasatch counties and will continue to work those kinds of exercises as we move closer to the event. Through these efforts and these working relationships, our closeness and our understanding of each other is almost like a family. Yes, we might have a discussion about a certain event, but we will reach a conclusion that is workable for all entities. So on behalf of Director Allbaugh, I thank you again for the opportunity to appear here today and to discuss this extremely important event. Mr. Chairman, that concludes my statement. [The prepared statement of Mr. Magaw follows:] STATEMENT OF JOHN MAGAW, ACTING DEPUTY DIRECTOR, FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman. I am John Magaw, Acting Deputy Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. I am grateful to the distinguished members of this committee for the opportunity to appear before you today in Salt Lake City to address public safety and security concerns during the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. The 2002 Olympic Winter Games have been designated a National Special Security Event (NSSE). The roles and responsibilities for Federal counter-terrorism planning and operations for a National Special Security Event are divided between the United States Secret Service, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and FEMA. While the role each organization plays is distinct, it is critical that they must be coordinated so that any response is handled seamlessly. This coordination is required not only at the Federal level, but also at State and local levels. The division of roles and responsibilities include: FEMA is the Lead Agency for Consequence Management. Consequence Management involves Federal departments' and agencies' efforts to respond to the consequences or potential consequences of an incident as they relate to public health, safety, and property. The Federal role in Consequence Management is to support the State, as the State is ``in charge.'' The U.S. Secret Service is the Lead Agency for designing, planning and implementation of security at the 2002 Winter Olympics, I defer to the Secret Service to discuss their roles and responsibilities in this area. The FBI is the Lead Agency for Crisis Management. Crisis Management involves efforts to prevent, pre-empt, or terminate terrorist threats or acts, and apprehend and prosecute the perpetrators. In turn, I defer to the FBI to define its roles and responsibilities in this area. The Federal Response Plan (FRP) is the basic framework used to manage and coordinate a Federal response in support of State and local governments to a full range of emergencies, including response to terrorist threats or terrorist incidents involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). The FRP organizes 26 Federal departments and agencies and the American Red Cross into interagency response functions and recovery and hazard mitigation program areas to mesh with counterpart agencies in an affected State. Since 1997, the Federal Response Plan has included a Terrorism Incident Annex to describe how consequence management operations under the Federal Response Plan will be coordinated with crisis management operations led by the FBI. Additional details are spelled out in the ``United States Government Interagency Domestic Concept of Operations Plan'', or CONPLAN, which was published in January 2001. The CONPLAN provides overall guidance to Federal, State and local agencies concerning how the Federal Government would respond to a potential or actual terrorist threat or incident that occurs in the United States, particularly one involving WMD. The key Federal agencies involved in terrorism Consequence Management are FEMA, the Department of Energy, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Environmental Protection Agency, with support from the Department of Defense. While the CONPLAN and the Federal Response Plan provide an overall framework for preparing for the Games, FEMA has worked closely with other Federal agencies including the FBI and the USSS, and State, local, and private agencies, to plan for the specifics of ensuring the safety and security of the public during the 2002 Olympic Winter Games and to test planning concepts in exercises. FEMA has established sound working relationships with the FBI, USSS, Utah Division of Comprehensive Emergency Management, Utah Olympic Public Safety Command, Salt Lake City Office of Emergency Management, and the Salt Lake City Olympic Committee. In coordination with these organizations, FEMA is developing an Operations Supplement to the Federal Response Plan (FRP) for the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. This Supplement describes those unique actions that will be used to ensure a timely and effective initial Federal response to an incident that is beyond the capability of the State and local resources. These actions include the pre-positioning of Federal assets and placing Federal response teams on alert for consequence management activities. FEMA's Region VIII has utilized the Regional Interagency Steering Committee (RISC) as the basic planning body for development and coordination of this Operations Supplement. The RISC is comprised of regional emergency managers from the Federal Response Plan departments and agencies, the FBI, the USSS, and State emergency managers and officials. The National Special Security Event Review Panel is comprised of representatives from the FBI, US Secret Service, US Attorney's Office, DOD/Director of Military Support, and the Utah National Guard and FEMA. This Review Panel is playing a major role in reviewing and validating State requests for Federal consequence and crisis management resources in support of the Winter Games. The efforts of this Panel will significantly impact which Federal resources are employed to ensure the safety and security of the public during the Games. FEMA is a member of two of the Utah Olympic Public Safety Committee Olympic Plan subcommittees: Emergency Management and Infrastructure Protection. Also in response to a request by the State of Utah, FEMA has been evaluating and refining the Utah Olympic Public Safety Committee Olympic Plan. It is not sufficient just to develop plans. Plans must be put into practice and tested. That is why FEMA, along with other consequence management agencies, the FBI, and the USSS have participated in a variety of exercises, workshops, and seminars to prepare for the Games. It is through these activities that roles and responsibilities are clarified and mutual understandings are built-not just for those who have been writing the plans, but also for everyone who must execute the plans. The major Winter Olympics exercise activity to date has been WASATCH RINGS, an FBIsponsored command post exercise held in November 2000 and field training exercise which was conducted this past April. FEMA, other Federal consequence management agencies, and the State and local emergency management community participated in the design, development, and conduct of these exercises. The exercise solidified understandings of the relationship between crisis and consequence management operations, and allowed consequence management agencies to demonstrate good teamwork among themselves and with the State. FEMA intends to build on this experience at this exercise by conducting a seminar with the State, the RISC, and FBI and USSS in August. FEMA had already conducted a seminaressentially a scenariobased discussion of plans and planning issues-for the RSC in February of 2002. FEMA also has conducted two Integrated Emergency Management Courses (IEMC) to help Utah and the Salt Lake City area prepare for the Games. The IEMC is an exercise-based course developed around a community's or State's existing plans and procedures. The first IEMC was given at the National Emergency Training Center in Emmitsburg, Maryland, on March 12-16, 2001 prior to the Wasatch Rings field exercise. Representatives from State agencies and the Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC) were among the 100 participants, but this offering was primarily for local offcials who would coordinate an emergency response at the Olympics. Participants represented Salt Lake City, Ogden, Park City, Provo, West Lake, and Heber City, as well as Salt Lake, Weber, Summit, Utah, and Wasatch Counties. The second IEMC, a more complex course, was designed for Utah State agencies and was conducted at the State Emergency Operations Center in Salt Lake City on April 16-20, 2001. The focus was on public health issues that could arise from a terrorist act, but the exercise was expanded to include an earthquake along the Wasatch fault. Some 246 people completed both the classroom and the exercise portions of the course, and 411 participated in the exercise portions. State officials were able to use this IEMC to resolve coordination issues that had arisen in Wasatch Rings and to identify issues needing additional attention. FEMA makes other resources available to the State of Utah and its localities for terrorism preparedness, including grant funding ($231,220 in FY 2001 Terrorism Consequence Management Preparedness Assistance), planning guidance and job aids, and training courses from the Emergency Management Institute and National Fire Academy. Furthermore, Utah already has a strong foundation for preparedness and response through capabilities developed under the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program. We have strengthened our working relationships at the Federal, State and local levels in preparing for the Games, and I am confident that the on-going planning upcoming exercise activities will continue to enhance Federal, State, local and private agencies' ability to adequately provide for the safety and security of the public during the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. Thank you again for the opportunity to appear today. I would be pleased to answer any questions you may have. Senator Hatch. Turning to Mr. Watson, who is the Assistant Director of Counterterrorism at the FBI in Washington. STATEMENT OF DALE WATSON, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF COUNTERTERRORISM, FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, WASHINGTON, D.C. Mr. Watson. Thank you, Senator Hatch. I'll be brief. The statement has been prepared and I'll summarize a few key points of that. I want to say that I'm honored to be here today with you and discuss this partnership on the Olympic preparedness. The FBI, the goal of the FBI is to have a safe and successful Olympics. It is a higher priority, there's no question about that, among the FBI. It is also good to see all our Federal partners here at the table today and I'm happy to report that that partnership not only in fact with headquarters in Washington, but here working and it's progressing very, very well. So with that in mind I'll jump into the main text of what I want to talk about. It started, our FBI planning started early in 1995 with the announcement, as soon as they announced that Salt Lake City would have the Olympics. Don Johnson has already been mentioned by Mr. Thompson. Ray has done a super job coordinating that effort. Initially, the office in Salt Lake City formed up a planning squad that consists of coordinating all the efforts of the Federal level, state and local and making sure there are issues that are brought forward and working with all the partners. In addition to that, we understand and recognize as has already been discussed that this is a world event. It's not only Salt Lake City, State of Utah and the United States but it is a world stage. We take that very seriously in the preparation phase to make sure that the goal is accomplished. The second area that the FBI did was in May of 2000 create a joint terrorist task force here. That brings in all 40 members, part-time, full-time, representatives across the board of all jurisdictions affected by the Olympics here. That is a coordinated effort. I know, Senator Hatch, that you are very concerned about information sharing, particularly in the intelligence side. We have requested top secret clearance for all those individuals. So if there is some information that's classified, that information can be shared. I understand your concerns in that area. In 1998 a long-term building agreement was reached to have an Olympic coordination center. We've been to that location. It is very valuable to us. And in addition to that, coordinating through Dave Tubbs and the other partners there, again in the classified area, 50 over 50 top secret security clearances have been requested and will be active well prior to the Olympics. So in the event that there is information that needs to get to the operators, that needs to get to the decisionmakers, it won't be held back and they will have access to that information. That's a very key point for us. The next area is in the area of training. We have very specific requirements in training, the old saying that practice makes permanent and not perfection, we take that very serious. In November we had a major CBX that put into practice information sharing and how agencies would coordinate. We followed up on that, learned some lessons on that. It has been mentioned we had a major training exercise here in April where 1600 people participated to try to work out problems, areas that we needed to do a better job in. and that training will continue. Next week we have a weapons of mass destruction conference here, and another CBX in the fall in order to streamline and understand what the issues are. So as FEMA has represented here, it is a family operation and no one is left behind. In conclusion, I'd like to say that we are here for a safe and successful Olympics and I appreciate your support that you've provided us in the past. We look forward to continuing this partnership. This partnership with all law enforcement committees here, Secret Service, will continue long after the Olympics are over and that will be a very successful part of this whole program. I thank you. [The prepared statement of Mr. Watson follows:] STATEMENT OF DALE L. WATSON, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, FBI COUNTERTERRORISM DIVISION Good afternoon, Senator Hatch, members of the Committee, and law enforcement colleagues. It is a pleasure to be with you today to discuss security preparations for the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah. As you know from my previous briefings in Washington, D.C., major special events are a high priority for the FBI. We have been heavily involved in coordinated threat assessment and security proceedings for the 2002 Winter Olympics. Today, I'd like to concentrate my remarks on the Olympic Counterterrorism Center, the Olympic Joint Terrorism Task Force, and Command Post and Field Training exercises, as they relate to interagency cooperation and public safety. As the lead federal agency responsible for crisis management, intelligence, hostage rescue, and the investigation of acts of terrorism, the FBI is resolved to continuing to promote effective interagency cooperation. Collectively, our goal is to ensure that all reasonable preparations and contingency plans are in place to create an environment throughout Salt Lake City, the state of Utah, and the entire nation in which we may host a safe and successful 2002 Winter Olympic Games. In that regard, let me assure you that we have been working diligently and continuously with our colleagues and counterparts at the federal, state and local levels. I am particularly pleased to be here today with representatives of two of our key federal partners, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the United States Secret Service, as well as, of course, Deputy Attorney General Thompson and United States Attorney Warner. Since the International Olympic Committee (IOC) selected Salt Lake City to stage the 2002 Winter Olympic Games on June 19, 1995, the FBI has undertaken significant counterterrorism planning in an effort to help ensure the safety and security of this major international sporting event. Leading the FBI's planning efforts in Salt Lake City is SAC Don Johnson, an active member of the Utah Olympic Public Safety Command (UOPSC). He is assisted in this effort by the FBI's Olympic Planning Squad which addresses all matters relating to FBI involvement, interagency cooperation, and support to the Games. The members of this squad are assigned full time to Olympic planning and are directly responsible for coordinating programs in the areas of: theater wide tactical planning, public safety training, communications systems, infrastructure protection, intelligence, weapons of mass destruction, explosive ordinance disposal, aviation support, media affairs, and accreditation, as well as numerous other Olympic planning functions. With attendance anticipated to be in the millions, the participation of some 3,500 athletes from over 80 nations, and daily support provided by over 20,000 organizers and planners, the 2002 Olympic Winter Games easily qualifies as a world class sporting event. Coverage by over 9,000 media representatives broadcasting to a television audience in excess of 3.5 billion viewers will catapult these Games onto the world stage. Planning for the public safety and security of the Games has required an unprecedented level of cooperation and coordination among the myriad of local, state and federal law enforcement entities with responsibilities associated with the Games. There exists an unquestioned consensus among these agencies that it is impossible for any single law enforcement agency to possess all the resources required and expertise necessary to accomplish this task alone. Planning for the public safety and security essential for hosting a safe and successful Games has long been recognized as every agency's primary objective. However, in the process of planning for the realization of this goal I believe that each of the law enforcement agencies involved has already accomplished something of equal importance. I am speaking of the partnerships that have been created at all levels of law enforcement which have been required to advance the Olympic public safety and security planning process. These partnerships will exist as a legacy long after the 17 days of the XIX Olympiad have past. I would like to briefly illustrate for you today how these partnerships have been built and how they have served to create a truly integrated Olympic Public Safety and Security Plan. The Olympic Counterterrorism Center: From the outset each agency recognized, due to the unique jurisdictional, legislative and budgetary issues as well as widely different agency capabilities, that Olympic public safety and security planning would require an immense amount of interagency communication and cooperation. In 1998, in the spirit of interagency cooperation, the FBI entered into a multi-year lease for office space to house the Olympic Coordination Center, Olympic Counterterrorism Center, the FBI Critical Incident Command Post, and the Joint Operations Center. This facility houses representatives of state, local, and federal agencies in a coordinated effort to address Olympic planning, preparation, and execution. To further this communication, the FBI has requested Top Secret security clearances for fifty local, state and federal partners to alleviate in advance any impediment to the open and complete sharing of information which may impact Olympic public safety. The Olympic Joint Terrorism Task Force: Another planning and operational requirement identified early on in the process was the need to combine and coordinate law enforcement capabilities from agencies at all levels to be able to rapidly assess threats and investigate significant incidents during the games. In May 2000, the FBI established the Olympic Joint Terrorism Task Force (OJTTF). The OJTTF is currently comprised of over 40 full and part-time local, state, and federal law enforcement officers and agents representing dozens of agencies and jurisdictions. Task forces, by design, are excellent vehicles for bringing to bear the specialized resources of each member's parent agency. The OJTTF is capable of collecting and analyzing intelligence, and investigating matters in virtually any jurisdiction at any level. This ability has been proven to enhance law enforcement efforts across the country and will serve to greatly enhance Olympic public safety and security operations. Again, the FBI has requested Top Secret clearances for all members of the OJTTF to better facilitate this joint working environment. Command Post and Field Training Exercises: Other than the military, perhaps no other public entity understands as well as law enforcement the profound impact and absolute necessity of quality training. Moving from the conceptual stages of Olympic public safety and security planning to operational readiness demands that all plans be tested in concert in an effort to identify areas that may need to be revised or enhanced. In November 2000, the FBI in close coordination with UOPSC invited all Olympic public safety planners to participate in a Command Post Exercise (CPX) designed primarily to test interagency communications and information flow in a limited nonoperational setting. This exercise was prefaced by initial training by all agencies on advanced information systems that will be utilized during the games. In April 2001, after analyzing lessons learned in November and improving the plan, a full scale Field Training Exercise (FTX) was again jointly hosted by the FBI and all members of UOPSC. This exercise, involving more than 1,600 persons over a threeday period, tested all aspects of the Olympic public safety and security plan. Unlike the CPX, the FTX not only tested concepts and theoretical procedures, it fully exercised actual physical responses to threats and staged incidents as may occur during the games. This afforded all participating agency personnel the opportunity to fulfill their role in the overall plan simultaneously. Tactical teams exercised strategic assaults while investigators gathered evidence and processed crime scenes. Crisis management specialists coordinated with consequence management officials to first control, then manage, then mitigate the effects of a major hazardous materials incident. Federal venue security designers and local venue commanders worked together to manage a wide variety of incidents occurring at actual Olympic venues. And, as in November, the FTX afforded personnel from all agencies the opportunity to further refine their skills on Olympic information systems which provide the backbone for interagency communication during the Games. Continuing to provide quality training, the Salt Lake City Division will be hosting a weapons of mass destruction conference in Salt Lake City in June and is contemplating hosting another command post exercise in the fall of this year. Closing: In closing, I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the support afforded by this committee to the FBI and all law enforcement agencies engaged in the partnership that is Olympic public safety and security planning. I would also like to express my appreciation and admiration of the professionalism which law enforcement and public safety personnel at all levels have demonstrated throughout this process. With 253 days remaining before the Olympic flame enters the stadium, I believe we are already realizing one of the greatest benefits of the Games: the ability to bring people together; in this case the ability for law enforcement agencies in Utah and across the nation to exponentially magnify their effectiveness by working together. I am confident that all agencies join me in hoping that our first great dividend of this ability will be a safe and secure XIX Olympiad. Senator Hatch. We'll turn to Kathryn Condon, Special Assistant for Military Support, Office of the Secretary of the Army. STATEMENT OF KATHRYN CONDON, SPECIAL ASSISTANT FOR MILITARY SUPPORT, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY, WASHINGTON, D.C. Ms. Condon. On behalf of the Department of Defense, I am pleased to provide for the record the following information on DoD support to the 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Salt Lake City, Utah. DoD assists Federal, state or local agencies in support of civilian sporting events under the authority of 10 U.S.C. Section 2564, if the attorney general certifies that such assistance is necessary to meet essential security and safety needs. DoD may also provide reimbursable assistance in support of other needs relating to such events. In all instances, DoD supports three lead Federal agencies: the U.S. Secret Service for protection of the sporting and non- sporting venues, the Federal Bureau of Investigation for overall crisis response, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency for consequence management. For the 2002 Olympics, the Attorney General certified aviation, communications, explosive ordinance disposal, physical security, and temporary facilities as categories of support that are essential to security and public safety of the Winter Olympics. Subsequently, the Secretary of the Army, on behalf of the Secretary of Defense, approved aviation support for the deployment of local emergency teams, communications for law enforcement and public safety, EOD support (including bomb dogs), physical security equipment and temporary facilities for command and control and operational purposes. The DoD structure established to implement support extends from senior DoD leadership to operational elements. Officials in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Army are actively overseeing DoD support. To implement routine DoD support for the Games, the United States Commander-in-Chief Joint Forces Command, the commander responsible for executing DoD support, established Joint Task Force Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, in January 2001. Brigadier General James D. Johnson, a member of the Utah Army National Guard, commands the JTF-0. JTF-O will have representation from all services and components with the Utah National Guard as the primary source of military personnel. The Utah Air and Army National Guard have the advantage of proximity and provide the most cost effective means for DoD to meet its staffing requirements in Salt Lake City. The JTF-O provides Utah Olympic Public Safety Command and Salt Lake Organizing Committee with a single point of entry for all requests for DoD support and will coordinate approved support. Integral to the overall support of the games are the personnel and facilities of the Utah National Guard under the command of Major General Brian Tarbet, as well as those of other DoD installations in the area, to include Tooele Army Depot, Dugway Proving Grounds, Hill Air Force Base, and the 96th Regional Support Command at Fort Douglas. Funding for the Olympics and Paralympics comes from a specific, no year appropriation, the Support for International Sporting Competitions, Defense Appropriation or SISC, established by Public Law 104-208, section 5802. As of today, funding is in place only for currently approved 2002 Winter Olympics and Paralympics requirements. However, if new requirements are identified for the fiscal year 2002 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, we will likely require additional funds be appropriated to the SISC account. DoD is actively supporting the Olympics and Paralympics in a variety of other ways, to include: an enhancement to Utah's communications infrastructure; assistance to law enforcement in physical security planning and the conduct of contingency exercises and ceremonial support. DoD will ensure that our involvement in the Olympics and Paralympics is appropriate and sufficient for public safety and security. We share in the commitment of other Federal, state and local agencies to promote a safe and successful event. Thank you for the opportunity to appear here today. I am pleased to answer any questions you may have regarding DoD support to the games. Senator Hatch. Thank you, we're glad to have you here. We'll now turn to the U.S. Attorney, Paul Warner. Larry, while you are here I want you to get well acquainted with him. He's one of the best. Mr. Thompson. We had a nice breakfast this morning. Senator Hatch. Go ahead. STATEMENT OF PAUL WARNER, UNITED STATES ATTORNEY FOR THE DISTRICT OF UTAH, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH Mr. Warner. Mr. Chairman, thank you for inviting me to testify today. I have great respect for you and also the individuals and agencies represented by the panel here today. I consider it a particular honor to be here. As the United States Attorney for the District of Utah, I am keenly aware of the public safety challenges the 2002 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games pose for the State of Utah and the nation. When I became United States Attorney in August 1998, I knew one of my first and most important responsibilities would be to make sure the Games received the Federal support necessary to safeguard the event and protect the 2.2 million people living in the District. I also knew the strain the Games would place on law enforcement and public safety would be great and that coordination between Federal, state and local law enforcement agencies, while strong, would be put to its toughest test. Olympic Games are huge undertakings. They make tremendous demands on the communities chosen to host them. The potential effect of the Games on the country's prestige is a major concern when the Games are staged in the United States. As a result, whether or not it had much to do with bidding for or securing the Games for the host city, and in one of the grandest natural settings anywhere, to have every chance to realize their Olympic dreams. Each competitor must be secure and safe so that no energy or attention is wasted on concern for his or her safety and well being. I am confident that such will be the case, because our state, local and Federal law enforcement and public safety agencies and authorities are working well together, quietly and competently to provide that environment. Competitors work for years to bring their ``A'' games to the Olympics. The Utah Olympic Public Safety Command has worked hard and well for the last 3 years so it can bring the State's ``A'' game to making them safe. We approach the Games with the same confidence the best competitors will have when they come to Utah in 2002. I have the highest regard and praise for the job Commissioner Flowers and Dave Tubbs have done and for the people who work each day at the Utah Olympic Public Safety Command, at the organizing Committee, and in the community to make it happen. They do their work quietly and without notice or reward, other than the reward they get from the satisfaction of knowing they are involved in a unique and worthwhile event and are doing a terrific job. As the United States Attorney, I am pledged to continue to do all I can, all that is within my authority and jurisdiction to do, to make the 2002 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games safe and successful. Mr. Chairman, that concludes my prepared remarks. I would be happy to answer any questions you may have at this time. [The prepared statement of Mr. Warner follows:] STATEMENT OF PAUL M. WARNER, UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, DISTRICT OF UTAH, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Introduction Good morning Mr. Chairman. I am delighted to appear before you today. As the United States Attorney for the District of Utah, I am keenly aware of the public safety challenges the 2002 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games pose for the State of Utah and the Nation. When I became United States Attorney in August 1998, I knew one of my first and most important responsibilities would be to make sure the Games received the federal support necessary to safeguard the event and protect the 2.2 million people living in the District. I also knew the strain the Games would place on law enforcement and public safety would be great and that coordination between federal, state and local law enforcement agencies, while strong, would be put to its toughest test. Olympic Games are huge undertakings. They make tremendous demands on the communities chosen to host them. The potential effect of the Games on the country's prestige is a major concern when the Games are staged in the United States. As a result, whether or not it had much to do with bidding for or securing the Games for the host city, once the Games are awarded the national government is drawn into public safety and law enforcement roles that involve not only supporting and subsidizing local law enforcement in connection with the Games, but also providing expensive support for core federal responsibilities, some that are uniquely related to the Games and others that are simply greater because of the Games. The federal commitment of money, people, time and energy is extraordinary. The cost to the federal government is considerable and can neither be ignored nor displaced. When I became the chief federal law enforcement officer in the District of Utah, I eagerly accepted my share of responsibility for ensuring that what is done to protect federal interests and to make the Games safe is done economically, responsibly, and within the recognized authority and jurisdiction of the agencies called upon to assist. It is essential to do things right and do them well with regard to the Games. After examining the role the United States Attorney played in getting Atlanta ready for the 1996 Summer Olympics, I became convinced that my office should become actively engaged in helping law enforcement and public safety prepare for the 2002 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. In the remaining portions of my testimony I briefly summarize the contributions of the United States Attorney's Office for the District of Utah to law enforcement preparations for the 2002 Games. District LECC Olympic Initiative The District of Utah has a very good Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee or LECC. The District has an especially effective and well respected, and I add, overworked, LECC Coordinator in Melody Rydalch. Our LECC has functioned for many years as an effective way to coordinate state, local and federal law enforcement planning. I am proud of our LECC. It has been a vehicle for bringing together law enforcement leaders from all over Utah to consider issues of mutual importance and concern, and it has been used as a conduit for providing training opportunities for local and state law enforcement officers and agents, enabling them to receive instruction alongside their federal counterparts. Together, we have used the District LECC to vet important policy matters in order to encourage improvement and achieve uniformity in the use of law enforcement resources on common problems. For example, the District LECC has done important work on issues such as hate crime. In May 1999, the District LECC cosponsored a ground breaking Hate Crime Conference that has been a model for such conferences in other districts around the country. I know, Senator Hatch, that you are aware of this program and its success. The LECC has also taken critical law enforcement training and equipment to the Native American reservations in the State of Utah. In November 1999, with the encouragement and support of the Department of Justice, I created the District LECC Olympic Initiative to help focus the District's and the Department's resources and energy on Olympic public safety. It made sense to use the LECC, an established and respected part of the law enforcement culture of the District, to help the Utah Olympic Public Safety Command and federal law enforcement agencies get the resources and assistance they need to prepare for the Games. The United States Attorney, through the District Olympic Initiative, has provided assistance to the Command and the federal law enforcement agencies involved in planning and operations related to the Games in the form of surplus equipment, travel assistance for local officers, training opportunities for local officers, and liaison with the Office of Special Events at the Department of Justice. For the most part, law enforcement relations in Utah are very healthy. We are committed to doing all we can to ensure they are even better in the District of Utah when the Games are over than they are now. The 2002 Games are a unique opportunity to build on existing federal, state and local relationships. The Games provide an incentive to rethink, modernize and make improvements in our methods, techniques and doctrines that will benefit law enforcement and the community for years beyond the Games. The District LECC Olympic Initiative is an ideal way to help that happen. In November 1999, the amount of work that was being done in connection with the Olympic Initiative justified sending a senior Assistant United States Attorney to the Utah Olympic Public Safety Command to work on Olympic issues as a full-time LECC assignment. This was done with the encouragement and approval of the Department of Justice and the Executive Office for United States Attorneys. The arrangement has been a success for the District, the Department and the Utah Olympic Public Safety Command. The senior Assistant United States Attorney who works with the Utah Olympic Public Safety Command represents the United States Attorney and the Department of Justice in local matters involving federal support to law enforcement and public safety in connection with the Games. He works closely with the Department of Justice's Office of Special Events to ensure that local and national concerns regarding such support are addressed promptly and appropriately. He serves as one of the directors of the Command. His duties include supervision and management of communications support planning, intelligence planning and operations, legal affairs/criminal justice planning and operations, infrastructure protection planning, and providing advice and counsel to the Executive Director of the Command. He works side-by-side, and day-in-day-out, with his state, local and federal counterparts in law enforcement and emergency services laying the ground work for delivering law enforcement and public safety services in connection with the Games in 2002. Funding figures for the United States Attorney's Office include the cost of the salary and benefits for the senior Assistant United States Attorney, as well as funding for a backfill position for that attorney, and funding for a second LECC coordinator in the District who will help Ms. Rydalch handle growing Olympic related responsibilities as the Games approach. Also included is funding for travel, equipment, the production of materials that are part of the legal and criminal justice plan for the Games, including an Olympic Legal Affairs Handbook that standardizes prosecution guidelines and strategies and organizes criminal justice operations for the Games, and sponsorship of conferences on issues related to law enforcement planning and operations for the Games. By the time the Games begin, the United States Attorney's Office for the District of Utah will have received approximately $849,000 for the District LECC Olympic Initiative; that is $6,000 in FY1998; $80,000 in FY1999; $149,000 in FY2000; $373,000 in FY2001; and an anticipated $241,000 in FY2002. [Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2002, pg. 435.] I believe any investment the Department of Justice and the United States Attorney's Office make in the Games will deliver great returns. Summary The Olympic Games are not law enforcement events. They must not be allowed to become law enforcement events either by misadventure or design. The Games are, more than anything else, a celebration of human achievement and the human spirit. They are about the best in human experience. They are about excellence. They have the potential for touching each one of us in the most positive way imaginable. The Games can bring out the best in each of us. They have already done that in the case of law enforcement and public safety in the District of Utah. The role of law enforcement and public safety in connection with the Games is to help create an environment in the community and the Nation during the Games that allows the people of Utah, as well as those who come to Utah to compete, officiate, support or run competitions, and those who visit to observe or simply to be near the event, to have complete confidence that they will be safe and secure while they are in Utah for the Games. They should not have to give a second thought to their well being during the Games. The environment must make it possible for the men and women who come to Utah to compete in the finest facilities of their kind in the world, on the best snow in the world, and in one of the grandest natural settings anywhere, to have every chance to realize their Olympic dreams. Each competitor must be secure and safe so that no energy or attention is wasted on concern for his or her safety and well-being. I am confident that such will be the case, because our state, local and federal law enforcement and public safety agencies and authorities are working well together, quietly and competently to provide that environment. Competitors work for years to bring their ``A'' games to the Olympics. The Utah Olympic Public Safety Command has worked hard and well for the last three years so it can bring the State's ``A'' game to making them safe. We approach the Games with the same confidence the best competitors will have when they come to Utah in 2002. I have the highest regard and praise for the job Commissioner Flowers and Dave Tubbs have done and for the people who work each day at the Utah Olympic Public Safety Command, at the Organizing Committee, and in the community to make it happen. They do their work quietly and without notice or reward, other than the reward they get from the satisfaction of knowing they are involved in a unique and worthwhile event and are doing a terrific job. As the United States Attorney, I am pledged to continue to do all I can, all that is within my authority and jurisdiction to do, to make the 2002 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games safe and successful. Mr. Chairman, that concludes my prepared remarks. I would be happy to answer any questions you may have at this time. Senator Hatch. Thank you. Lane Beattie, State Olympic Officer for the State of Utah. STATEMENT OF LANE BEATTIE, STATE OLYMPIC OFFICER FOR THE STATE OF UTAH, SALT LAKES CITY, UTAH Mr. Beattie. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. And if I may, as I have gotten to know you, Senator Hatch, it's a pleasure to be asked to be here and represent the State of Utah on behalf of the Governor I wish to welcome you again and those that are here to testify. On behalf of the State of Utah, I appreciate the willingness to be of assistance to the 2002 Olympic Winter games and what they represent, not only to the State of Utah, and the United States, but the world. It's a wonderful ongoing effort to bring the world together to promote peace, and encourages unsurpassed any other event that we have. In addition to my written testimony, I'm also submitting a State of Utah annual report of the State Olympic Officer, a report that I officially released last November which will give you a greater insight to both budgetary as well as further preparations of the overall Salt Lake Olympic games. This is an overview of the preliminary impact on the State of Utah, I feel there are both Federal agencies as well as state agencies understand the importance of coming together in critical areas. This last year has been extremely busy. As we moved to the last few months of preparation, Federal assistance has been extremely important in our overall planning. If I could I'd like to just make mention of three individuals that I feel played a very key role in our preparation as a state. They are all Federal people. First, Mark Cunello who is the Olympic coordinator from Secret Service, Don Johnson, who is the FBI special agent in charge of the Salt Lake City division, and Pete McCursky of FEMA regional director of an operation center. All three of these people, I feel, deserve to be acknowledged for their devotion to making sure that we are better prepared as a state. Senator Hatch. I agree with that. Mr. Beattie. There are other people also that I feel have played key roles in helping us to be prepared. Our current commissioner of public safety, Robert Flowers, has been a key player in making sure that not only do Federal agencies come together, but I hope that you understand the critical nature in bringing state agencies together. Unlike Sydney where we had one public safety commander over all of New South Wales, our struggle seems to be somewhat more difficult. We have to bring many agency heads, many different chiefs of police together into one entity. And may I compliment all of them in doing so in an extremely fine manner. The strongest part of our preparation has been the cooperation of our local law enforcement officers and agencies, their willingness to come together and share their expertise will be a significant reason for the success of our security operation. I also would like to mention that Chief Dinse also from Salt Lake City and his great devotion to this process as he is a current deputy director. In addition to public safety, it should also be mentioned here the vast number of people involved in our emergency preparedness, not only is it important to have public safety on line, but as we talk about our fire and EMT's and the many ambulance services throughout the state. Within the State of Utah many of them are private entities unto themselves, are very critical in the overall preparation. This past spring along with over a hundred other members from the State of Utah of UOPSC, we participated in the national disaster training program in Emmitsburg, Maryland for a specific developed program on security. I want you to know that I had an opportunity to attend and I was richly and greatly benefited from being there. The management of SLOC is also an area of great comfort to me. I don't think that when I was asked to take this role over less than a year ago, I want you to know that I also had some deep concerns. One of them was my lack of understanding of the complexity of the international situation of the Olympics. I want you to know of my great comfort both in what has been done in the last year, and what is being done in the next 8 months, specifically Mitt Romney, and Frasier Bolum and another person who has brought a great deal of ability to this is Cindy Gillespie. The experience she had in the Atlanta games and also her assistance in working with your offices as well as ours have done a great deal in bringing the security that we feel is necessary to the State of Utah. Again, I must show my appreciation for the Federal support that we have received and key factor that will play when the United States and the state of Utah will host the world in the 2002 Winter Games. The greatest assets that we have in the state of Utah as you are well aware, are truly not all of those that serve us but indeed those to whom we serve and that is the citizens of the State of Utah. I am very proud to be able to report to you, Senator Hatch, the State of Utah has set every record of venue Olympics that has been ever been held in the number of tickets that have been sold to individuals within the jurisdiction and within the State of Utah. It's also unsurpassed in the percentage of people who want to participate in this great Games. I'd also be amiss if I didn't mention the wonderful volunteers that we will rely on throughout the Olympic games. We need over 26,000 people to assist in this wonderful event. As of today, we have over 64,000 people. Senator Hatch. That makes all of us feel really proud. Mr. Beattie. It says a great deal about Utah. Last and certainly not least, is the Utah legislature. That is certainly not something to get emotional about. Senator Hatch. I was wondering about that myself. You did it for us, I'll tell you. Mr. Beattie. Twelve years of my life have been associated with that wonderful group of men and they deserve a great deal of accolades. They have come forward in an unprecedented way to help support what we feel is a wonderful opportunity to display who we are in the State of Utah. In their behalf, I'd also like to say thank you. Senator Hatch. Same here. We can do more, though, I want you to know. Thank you, Lane. [The prepared statement of Mr. Beattie follows:] [An attachment is being retained in the Committees files.] STATEMENT OF LANE BEATTIE, STATE OLYMPIC OFFICER, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH Dear Chairman Hatch and Members of the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee: Thank you for this opportunity to testify before your Committee. On behalf of the State of Utah, I appreciate your willingness to be of assistance to the 2002 Olympic Winter Games and what they represent, not only to Utah and the United States but to the world. This wonderful ongoing effort to bring the world together to promote peace and unity is truly unsurpassed in any other event. In addition to my written testimony, I am submitting a State of Utah Annual Report of the State Olympic Officer Relating to the State Budget Impacts from the 2002 Olympic Winter Games, that was released in November 2000. While this is an overview of the Olympic impact to the State of Utah, it will also help to understand the importance of Federal involvement in the Olympic efforts. This last year has been extremely busy as we move to the last few months of preparation. The federal assistance has been extremely important in our overall planning and development of public safety. Mark A. Camillo, Olympic Coordinator Secret Service, Don Johnson, FBI Special Agent in Charge of the Salt Lake City Division and Pete Bakersky, FEMA Director of Region 8, Operation Center are three people that I must acknowledge. Their cooperation and assistance has been professional and very helpful. David Tubbs as our director of the Utah Olympic Public Safety Command (UOPSC) and past FBI agent has brought to our planning and preparation program critical insight and expertise. The strongest part of our preparation has been the cooperation of our local law enforcement agencies with our state and federal agencies. Their willingness to come together and share their expertise will be a significant reason for the success of our security operation. This past spring, along with over one-hundred UOPSC members, we participated in the National Disaster Training Program in Emitsburg, Maryland for a specifically developed program on security. I participated in the training program and was greatly benefitted. The management of SLOC is also an area of great comfort. While they do not have direct responsibilities for public safety their assistance has been immeasurable. I again must share my appreciation for the federal support that we have received and the key factor that it will play when the United States and the State of Utah host the world at the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. Senator Hatch. We'll now call David Tubbs, Director of the Utah Public Safety Command. I feel very fortunate that you are willing to take the position and assist us here. It means a lot to all of us, Mr. Tubbs. STATEMENT OF DAVID TUBBS, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, UTAH OLYMPIC PUBLIC SAFETY COMMAND, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH Mr. Tubbs. I appreciate, as I know everybody else does at the table the opportunity to be here and explain the importance and how we actually are working together with state, local and Federal authorities and how effective it's been. The development and successful operation of public safety for the 2002 Olympic games in Salt Lake City and Utah requires the integration of numerous disciplines. Public safety is not law enforcement alone. The involvement of fire, emergency medical services, emergency management, military, and public works is essential for the safe and successful completion of this immense task. Governor Leavitt and the Utah State Legislature recognized the need for this integration of resources and in 1998 passed a state statute establishing Utah Olympic Public Safety Committee. Representatives from the venue jurisdictions of the above mentioned areas. Commander is Robert L. Flowers, Utah Commission of Public Safety, Salt Lake City Chief of Police Rick Dinse as vice commander. In addition, through statute and also vote of command members the Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Secret Force and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms are active voting members. Salt Lake Organizing Committee also has a representative on the command which opens communication between it and public safety agencies to ensure the commands needs coincides with the needs of the organizing committee. Utah Departments of Transportation and Health work closely with the command and this provides us with the complete scope of public safety. The formation of the command forced members to look at things in the macro sense rather than only how it affects the individual jurisdictions. Each and every member must still look to the needs of the community or agency. But the member must also see how these fit into the structure as a whole. During the preparation process for the games, over 25 committees were formed to develop procedures in specific areas. The committees range from accreditation of people who need access to controlled areas to developing a public safety plan for the operation of the Village. The committees have members from all operational areas and include representatives of the Federal law enforcement agencies and the U. S. Attorney's Office. To illustrate how successful the cooperative effort has become, some of the committees are coordinated by members of Federal agencies. The partnership of state, local and Federal agencies is the only way effective procedures for public safety could be established. The primary Federal agencies, the U.S. Secret Service, the FBI and Federal Emergency Management Agency have specific obligations through Federal statutes and Presidential Decision Directives. The ability of state and local agencies to learn and understand these Federal duties through the command has enabled the Utah authorities to see how all parts of the plan can fit together. The Secret Service's role in security management, the FBI's in crisis management and FEMA's in consequence management are essential pieces of the public safety preparations. The Department of Defense through the Department of the Army, the Joint Forces Command, the Joint Task Force and the National Guard is working with the command to provide services and equipment that would be extremely difficult to obtain or cost prohibitive. All requests for military assistance go through a vetting process in Salt Lake City that has a Committee consisting of the Secret Service, the FBI and FEMA. This process is used to reach decisions on what is appropriate to ask of the military based on legislation passed by the U. S. Congress after the Atlanta Olympics. The work of all the committees is now coming together to be operational for the Olympics. The cooperative spirit developed over the past few years has made it easier to work out professional differences that occasionally occur. All agencies are now training together and conducting exercises that will make us better prepared for the task that lies ahead. In closing, I would like to say the Olympic spirit and public safety effort have gone beyond the jurisdictions directly affected by the Games. Non-venue Utah city and county officials, police chiefs and sheriffs have come forward with police and sheriff personnel to assist in the command plan. Hundreds of law enforcement and fire and emergency medical services personnel from throughout the United States have volunteered to work the Games. This shows that in the public safety area, the 2002 Winter Games are truly Salt Lake City's, Utah's and America's. Thanks. Senator Hatch. Thank you, sir. Mr. Romney, would you like to sum up here? STATEMENT OF MITT ROMNEY, PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, SALT LAKE CITY ORGANIZING COMMITTEE, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH Mr. Romney. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, I would say that given the fact that my remarks are going to be in the record hopefully both the introductory remarks as well I'll be very brief here. Clearly coming on board here it was very obvious to me and the rest of the team that there was no higher priority than assuring public safety. I was briefed extensively on the experience in Atlanta and recognize that there was some jurisdictional issues and other squabbles that got in the way there. It was important to find a way that we would not have those issues here. The Utah legislature and the Federal Government came together, the creation of UOPSC the way this group has worked together has, in my view, assured that we can have both effective and collaborative efforts to assure the public safety. There have been several elements of the hallmark of that effort. First, we recognize absolutely clearly that we are not in charge of public safety. This is the role of these agencies that sit around us in this room. We are the beneficiary of public safety. We in no way direct it. Second, we have recognized the importance of working together with UOPSC and these agencies to assure that our operational plans for the games are fully integrated with the public safety plans for the Games. Third, we recognize that it's important that as we look at the entire public safety responsibilities, that we focus on the areas that each of us can provide in a distinct manner and in the most effective manner. SLOC was provided volunteers. We don't need to have special trained officers and other agencies are able to provide the resources where they have the particular skill that's necessary. Finally, I'd note we've all come together to provide the necessary financial resources to make sure that the entire plan can be implemented an effective way. I would note that day after day, I look around me in my office and am overwhelmed by the talent of the people that work with. I have met now with literally tens of thousands of our volunteers and I'm overwhelmed with the energy and passion of that group. As I sit here and I have worked with almost--well every agency here, not always every individual, but many individuals from the many agencies here, I'm likewise overwhelmed with the capability of commitment of these people. I sometimes am fearful that a person will stand up and point at me and a curt British accent say ``You are the weakest link.'' But this is a remarkable group that comes together in many respects, unprecedented and I believe is a model for effective management of public safety matters and I'm pleased to be a small part of it. And even more pleased to be a beneficiary of such a superb team. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. [The prepared statements of Mr. Romney follow:] STATEMENT OF MITT ROMNEY, PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, SALT LAKE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for giving me the chance to address you today. As these hearings are being held, countries around the world are actively competing for the opportunity to host the Games of 2008. Turkey and Japan have reportedly fallen behind the bids of China, Canada and France. The lengths to which these countries' efforts are taken can be illustrated by reports concerning the Beijing bid: to impress the visiting committee from the International Olympic Committee, the IOC. Taxi drivers were schooled in phrases that would compliment their country, heat and power use were clamped to reduce emissions, and the grass in the city center was painted green. We speculate that the effort to win the Games even led to the resolution of the U.S. reconnaissance plane crisis. With recent experience as a guide, more and more countries will stand in line for the opportunity to spend millions of dollars to bid for the Olympics and billions of dollars to host them. The reasons for such spending and such competition are many and varied. First, I suppose that governments have expectations of economic payback. Olympic spending is seen as an investment with large, enduring economic returns. Sydney estimates that direct spending by Olympic visitors and indirect benefits from tourists which visit the country later as a result of the impression it left during the Games will generate many times what has been invested. In my view, there is an even greater economic implication that attaches to holding the Games than direct or indirect tourism dollars. To a significant extent, a community and a country are branded by their hosting of the Olympics. Much like the image or branding of consumer products like Coke-Cola affect our purchase behavior, the branding and definition of a country or city affect how it and its products are perceived throughout the world. The credibility of its government and institutions, the desirability of its products, are influenced by the manner in which it managed the Games, either positively or negatively. Sydney surely is experiencing a boost in the attractiveness of its products and services following the resounding success of the Sydney Games. Our entire nation likewise basked in the glow from the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. Munich's image suffered with the tragedy it could not avoid. Atlanta's result was somewhat mixed: it rose in world visibility but was characterized to a certain extent by failings in computer systems, transportation and security. And in 2002, Salt Lake City and the United States will be branded in some measure by how well we host the Olympic Winter Games. Why is it the Olympics are so defining? Because some 3 billion people will watch our Opening Ceremonies, and they will keep watching for 17 days. That's about half the world's population. And, some 10,000 members of the media will be here to cover the Games. Understandably, host countries spend prodigious sums to produce the Games that will showcase them to the world. With Summer Games having more sports and athletes, their total budget will be larger than that for Winter Games. But larger TV and ticket benefits for Summer Games will more than offset the greater total cost: Winter Games can be more expensive for the organizer's governments and sponsors. This graph displays the total budget for the last several Olympic Games. Even excluding the cost of security and transportation, which are provided by governments, the Games' operating and capital budgets total in the billions of dollars. With the exception of Games held in the United States, most of this amount is contributed by the city, state, or federal governments. In the U.S., the entire Game's budget is privately financed. In other words, the entire $2.05 billion for Atlanta came from private sources. But for Atlanta, as for the other Games, the government did provide security and transportation services, and they were extensive. You will note that Sydney had more than two times the funds as Atlanta to produce their Olympic Games. It did not come as a surprise to me that Sydney came off so well. Let's look at Salt Lake's budget in comparison to the other Winter Games. You'll note that we'll spend about a billion dollars less than either Nagano or Lillehammer. By necessity, we will not be as impressive or spectacular. We believe that the warmth and hospitality of our volunteers and community, however, will bring a passion and heart to the Olympics that will be warmly remembered. If present trends continue, the budget for hosting Olympics will continue to rise as more sports, more athletes, and more information technology are added. I wonder whether the U.S. model, with only private funding for the Game's operating and capital budget, will in the future allow us to adequately present our country to the world. While Atlanta's and Salt Lake's total operating and capital budgets are privately funded, the federal government does contribute extensive services, costing it hundreds of billions of dollars, in support of the Olympic Games. The President's budget estimates that approximately $360 million will have been spent by the Federal government to support the 2002 Games. In addition, another $80 million has been made available for roads and highways directly associated with the Olympics, bringing the federal total to approximately $440 million. The largest figures are associated with public safety, highways and transportation, but a host of other functions are involved, including special visa access for Olympic participants, customs processing of Olympic goods, broadcast coordination, communications, as well as many others. Without question, we simply could not host Games in Salt Lake if it were not for the enormous spending and services of the Federal government. When I came to the Games two years ago, following the revelations of bid impropriety, there was nothing which caused greater anxiety than whether or not we could count on this critical Federal support. While we presumed that the services that had been provided for Atlanta would also be provided for Salt Lake, there could be no certainty of that outcome. Some in Washington argued that the Olympics was a pork-barrel project. We owe a great debt of gratitude to our entire Utah delegation, including Chairman Hatch and Senator Bennett, Congressmen Hansen, Cannon, Matheson and former Congressman Cook. During these years, we were supported in the Senate by Senator Stevens, Senator Byrd, Senator Shelby, Senator Lautenberg, Senator Gregg, Senator Hollings, Senator Specter, Senator Kennedy, and Senator Campbell. Chairman Young, Congressman Wolfe, Congressman Shuster, Congressman Lewis, Congressman Walsh and numerous others supported us in the House. I must also thank the Clinton and Bush Administrations who have been involved with our planning efforts every step of the way. I would add that it has been a particular help to have President Bush specifically include Olympic items in the budget he has submitted to Congress. Finally, Salt Lake has been fortunate indeed to have an individual lead our Federal Relations effort who has institutional memory of the Atlanta experience, respect from governmental leaders, and remarkable persistence and skill: Cindy Gillespie is an incredible asset for the Olympics and for our country. I would hope that in the future, the support of the Federal government would be much more clear prior to having a U.S. city agree to host the Olympics. Even today, U.S. cities are preparing their bids for the Games of 2012 without full confidence and understanding of the Federal role and level of support. While what is expected from government agencies falls within their statutory authority and roles, the authorization and appropriations processes for agency funding of such large and intermittent projects as the Olympics are unclear and uncertain. I wou