BRUSSELS—Belgian police Saturday charged a man with attempting to carry out a new terror attack, as the country beefs up counterterrorism measures following several Islamic State-claimed assaults in neighboring Germany and France.

A judge charged the suspect, identified as 33-year-old Nourredine H., with “attempt of committing a terrorist murder and participation in the activities of a terrorist organization,” and placed him in custody, the Belgian prosecutor’s office said.

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