The headline changes in the new Senate tax bill released late Tuesday night were a bigger child tax credit and the sunset of all individual tax cuts after 2025—but behind those, the new version of the bill includes dozens of carveouts and special provisions that will arrive like a gift for some industries and taxpayers.

Thanks in part to the complexity of the tax code, and in part to Congress’s need to stuff lots of priorities into any law likely to pass, the bill contains measures that touch on almost every part of U.S. society. Congress hasn't legally been able to dole out pork since earmarks were banned in 2011, but there are other ways to pack goodies into a law. The newest draft of the Senate bill includes everything from a new tax credit for paid family leave to a tax break for citrus growers to a big reform of craft beer regulations—even a gift to the three largest U.S. airlines in their ongoing fight against the Gulf airlines.

Here’s a look at the miscellaneous tax provisions added to the Senate bill:

The Sinai Peninsula

Half a page of the tax bill is dedicated to "any member of the Armed Forces of the United States” in the Sinai Peninsula that is “subject to hostile fire or imminent danger, ” making them eligible for a major tax break enjoyed by military personnel serving in a combat zone.

What's going on? This is actually part of a long-running argument within the Pentagon about whether Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula should be considered a war zone. For the past 35 years, hundreds of U.S. peacekeepers have been stationed on the Sinai Peninsula to guard against the possibility hostilities could reignite between Egypt and Israel. The mission has been generally peaceful, but in recent years the 700 U.S. soldiers stationed there have faced a new threat from terrorist groups.

Despite multiple attacks on U.S. soldiers, the Department of Defense has declined to officially label the area a conflict zone. Lawmakers have pushed back on that ruling. It may sound like a bureaucratic debate, but for the U.S. military personnel in the Sinai, it’s had real consequences: In 2015, an Army review ruled that the soldiers had been incorrectly claiming multiple tax breaks that are reserved for military personnel serving in a combat zone. That meant the troops owed thousands of dollars in additional taxes each year.

Luckily for them, Congress took notice and Republicans have included a provision in the most recent draft of the Senate tax bill to extend those tax breaks to soldiers serving in the Sinai. In effect, the section lets the 700 troops claim their tax break, even if the Pentagon never officially labels the region a combat zone.

Paid Family Leave

For the past few years, Democrats have made paid family leave a central point of their economic agenda, proposing a new workplace benefit for all workers. Ivanka Trump took up the issue during the presidential campaign, convincing her father a slimmed down paid leave plan that provoked sharp criticism from many Democrats. Now that debate has been folded into the Senate bill.

The newest draft includes legislation from Sen. Deb Fischer of Nebraska that would offer companies a tax credit equal to 25 percent of an employee’s earnings during their leave for offering two weeks of paid family leave to their workers. The bill is something of a lite version of legislation offered by House Democrats that would give workers up to 12 weeks of family leave, funded by a 0.4 percent payroll tax split between employees and employers. Conservatives have argued that those proposals impose unnecessary costs on companies, which will ultimately hurt economic growth and cost jobs. Fischer’s legislation is an effort to encourage companies to offer paid family leave, without a mandate.

But it’s not clear whether many companies will actually offer new leave benefits in response to the legislation. The Joint Committee on Taxation estimates that the proposal will cost about $1 billion a year, a fraction of Democratic proposals which cost tens of billions of dollars each year. Since it only offsets a quarter of the costs, it doesn't make leave that much more affordable for companies to offer. And, like other individual tax provisions in the law, this program would end after just two years.

Social Programs

Over the past few decades, the tax code has become something of a second federal budget, with roughly $1 trillion spent every year on a variety of government programs. Republicans have promised to clean up the tax code, but it’s not so easy to get rid of many of these decades-old programs—and it’s even easier to add to them.

The Senate bill makes a few additions. It adds a new program, created by Sen. Tim Scott, to direct capital to economically distressed regions. Under the proposal, investors in venture funds that invest at least 90 percent of their assets in certain “qualified opportunity zones,” which are chosen by the secretary of the treasury and must meet certain conditions, can deter capital gains taxes. If they hold the investment for five years or longer, they will receive a tax break on capital gains.

The Senate bill also doubles a deduction for teacher expenses, raising it from $250 to $500—the House tax bill eliminates the deduction altogether—and provides a tax break for people affected by the recent hurricanes who live in the Mississippi River Delta. And it also provides additional money for a government program to help low-income Americans pay their taxes.

Industry Tax Breaks

Apparently, the Senate has a thing for craft brewing. The updated bill includes what is effectively a major new piece of alcohol legislation, cutting taxes on beer produced in the U.S.—and especially on small breweries. Taxes on the first 60,000 barrels of beer produced domestically by small brewers would be cut in half, from $7 to $3.50. The tax rate on the first 6 million barrels produced would fall from $18 to $16 per barrel. Anheuser-Busch produces tens of millions of barrels of beer a year; a small brewer like D.C. Brau produces around 15,000. The reforms also cut taxes on certain wines and make other technical changes to federal alcohol rules.

The Senate also likes oranges and movies. Elsewhere in the bill, GOP tax-writers included a tax break for certain citrus growers that were hurt by the recent national disaster. They also extended to film, TV and theater production companies a provision—called full expensing—that allows companies to write-off the full cost of their investments in the first year. That expansion, which sunsets after 2022, would cost the government around $1 billion each year, according to JCT estimates.

A quiet attack on the Gulf airlines?

Buried at the very end of the bill summary is a provision that would end a tax exemption for certain international airlines that fly into the United States. Under current law, most countries have reciprocity agreements so that a foreign airline that briefly enters a domestic country’s airspace and lands at an airport doesn’t have to pay tax during its time in the country. The idea is to avoid the messy process of determining how much an airline owes for a brief stop.

The proposal would newly require certain airlines to pay the U.S. corporate tax under two conditions: if the country where the foreign airline is headquartered doesn’t have a tax treaty with the U.S., and if major U.S. airliners make fewer than two weekly trips to that foreign country. Tax lawyers and lobbyists are still working to understand the provision, but a half dozen who spoke to POLITICO said they think it targets the Gulf airlines—Etihad, Emirates and Qatar Airways, in particular—who major U.S. airlines allege have been unfairly subsidized by Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The amendment was offered by Sen. Johnny Isakson of Georgia who represents the state where Delta is headquartered. Delta declined to comment and a spokesperson for Isakson did not respond to a request for comment.

Experts are also still working to understand the exact consequences for the affected airlines, but they didn’t expect the additional taxes to be too substantial. But the compliance costs of understanding U.S. corporate tax law and filing the correct paperwork could prove more of a nuisance. And, experts warned, while the provision is narrowly drafted, it could affect airlines in other countries, including potentially Saudi Arabia, Singapore and others.

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