B U R E A U O F P U B L I C S E C R E T S

COMMUNALISM

From Its Origins to the Twentieth Century



(Complete book by Kenneth Rexroth)

Table of Contents



Introduction  The Libertarian Tradition ix

1. The Neolithic Village 1

2. Essenes, Therapeutae, Qumran 11

3. The Early Church, Monasticism 25

4. Eckhart, Brethren of the Free Spirit 43

5. John Wyciffe, The English Peasants Rebellion 61

6. Huss, The Hussite Wars, Tabor 71

7. The Radical Reformation, Thomas Münzer 93

8. Münster 109

9. Anabaptists, Hutterites 121

10. Winstanley, The Diggers 133

11. The Near East and Russia 155

12. Early Communes in America 171

13. Amana, The Shakers, St. Nazianz 191

14. Oneida 209

15. Robert Owen 217

16. Josiah Warren 235

17. Brook Farm 241

18. Fourierism 249

19. Étienne Cabet 259

20. Hutterites Again 273

Epilogue  Post-Apocalyptic Communalism 289

Book Index



[NOTE: Rexroths Communalism is only selectively indexed in the Site Index. The following more detailed index is copied from the book, with references to the original printed pages. Check the Table of Contents above to see which chapters the topics can be found in.]

Abbasid Caliphate, 159

Adamites, 87, 98-90, 134

Agriculture

class formation and systematic, 4-7

Shakers and intensive, 204

Albigensian heresy, 36-37, 48, 63

Alchemists, spiritualism and, 52

Alexander III, Pope, 40

Alexander V, Pope, 74-75

Alexander VI, Pope, 83

Altamira cave paintings, 2

Amana (Community of True-Inspiration), 286, 296

communalism of, 191-96

Ambrose, St., 31

Amish people, 41, 278-79, 285

Ammon, John, 127

Anabaptists, 31, 37, 56, 83, 172

ancient roots of, 97

baptism and, 98, 131

Dutch, 121-24

Hutter and, 124-26

Luther and, 96

Munster and, 111-20

Polish, 130-32

Russian, 168

Anarchism, 299-300

types of, ix-x

Warren and individual, 235, 240

Anglican Church, 95, 173

Aquinas, St. Thomas, 54

Assassins, 161-62

Augustine, St., 31, 36, 51, 99

Eckharts doctrine and, 57

mystics and, 53

Reformation doctrine and, 95

Aurora community, 183-85

Aztec civilization, 9

Babeuf, François Noël, 185

Bacon, Francis, 91

Bakunin, Mikhail, 269, 293, 299

Ball, John, 67-69

Bandits

loyalty among, 162, 164-65

piratical communism and, 157-58

Baptism

Anabaptists and, 98, 131

importance of, 31

rejection of, 37

Basil, St., 31-32

Bäumeler, Joseph, 183

Béghards, 35, 51, 172, 191

Béguines, 35, 48-49, 51, 55, 172, 191

Bellamy, Edward, 260

Bellers, John, 151-54

Benedict of Nursia, St., 31, 33, 194

Benedict XIII, Pope, 74

Benedictinism, 32-33, 35-36, 177

monasteries of, 34

power and wealth of, 45

Bernard of Clairvaux, St., 53-54

Bernstein, Édouard, 151, 154

Bethel community, 183-85

Bethlehem Chapel, Prague, 74-75

Bible (Old and New Testaments)

apocalyptic visions of, 14

communism of primitive Christianity and, 25-27

early heresies and, 39-40

Reformation appeal to, 95

Taborites and, 87-88

Wycliffes doctrine and, 64

Bishops Hill community, 185, 187-90

Black Death, 63, 67

Black Muslims, 282, 299

Blake, William, xvii, 222

Bloch, Ernst, 108

Bockelson, Jan (John of Leyden), 111-12, 115-18

Boehme, Jakob, 62, 122, 176, 184

Bohemia

effects of revolution in, 84-92

Hus crisis and, 72-76, 78-83

Bohemian National Church, 63, 83

Bohemianism, xvii, 254

Bolsheviks, ix, 23, 119, 165-69, 276

Bolshevik Revolution, xviii, 119, 150

Bonaventure, St., 45, 53-55

Bosch, Hieronymus, 87

Bourne, Randolph, 145

Brethren of the Common Life, 35, 61, 172

Brethren (Brotherhood) of the Free Spirit, 37, 87, 89-90, 134

Christian mysticism and, 55-56, 59

doctrines of, 51-52

Brigand communism, 87

Brook Farm, 216

commune, 234-48

Fourierism of, 247, 253

Cabet, Étienne, 153, 185, 271

Icaria of, 259-66

Calvin, John, 93, 95, 109

Campanella, Tommaso, 91

Capitalism

bohemianism and, xvii

Calvin and Luther and, 95

concentration of capital and dehumanization under, xii

in 19th century, 224, 241-42

Carmathians, 159-62

Cathari heresy, 36-38, 157, 171

Catherine the Great, 129, 273

Catholics (Roman Catholic Church), 31, 61, 121, 197

radicals persecuted by, 172

reactionary character of, 205-6

Reformation and, 97

St. Nazianz colony and, 206-8

Chelsicky, Peter, 90

China: ancient civilization, 7-9

Cultural Revolution, xi

Christian Church (Christianity)

Brethren of the Free Spirit and, 51-52

communism of Orthodox, 28-31

communism of primitive, 25-28

English Civil War and, 37-38

feudalism breakdown and, 72-73

during 14th century, 62-63

as guilt culture, 132

Hussite Wars and, 73-83

Medieval heresies and, 36-37

mysticism and, 53-56

organized monasticism of, 28, 30-38

Spiritual Franciscans rejection of Christ and, 48-50

Chuang Tsu, 140

Church, as party, 22

Class structure

in hunting-and-gathering society, 2-3

systematic agriculture and, 4-7

Clement VII, Pope, 73

Clementine, 28

Communalism

during 1840s, 241

Marxist criticism of, 295

modern, 298-305

See also Communist religious sects

Communia colony, 269, 294

Communism

becoming ideology, 289

defined, prior to 1918, ix

of Münster commune, 111-20

of Taborites, 86-92

of Warren, 239

of Wycliffe, 67

Communist religious sects, 300

Amana, 191-96

Bethel and Aurora, 183-85

Carmathians, 160

Diggers, 136-38

Dutch Anabaptists, 122-123

Essenes, 12-16, 18-23

Harmonists, 179-80

Hussite Wars and, 63

Hutterites, 124, 128, 280, 285-86

Mazdaism, 156

monastic orders and, 8-10

of Monteforte community, 38-39

at Münster, 111-20

Oneida, 209-16

primitive Christianity and, 25-28

Rakovians, 130-31

Rappites, 178, 180-82

during Reformation, 97-98

Shakers, 196-205

Swiss Brethren, 109

Therapeutae, 16-18

Waldenses, 40

Communist secular communities

Cabets Icaria, 262-68

Nashoba, 230-33

New Harmony, 217, 223-29

Constantine, 29-30, 97

Council of Constance

Hus burned by, 63, 76-77

reaction to Huss execution, 78-80, 82

Counter-Reformation, 171

Cromwell, Oliver, 41, 134-36, 146-147, 150

Crusades, 162

Czech Brethren (Unitas Fratrum), 83, 90

Dana, Charles A., 244, 253

DArusmont (educator), 226, 230, 233

Dead Sea scrolls, 11-13

De Labadie, Jean, 173-75

Denk, Hans, 122

Descartes, René, 173-74

Devotionalists sect, 185-90

Diggers, 151

community of, 136-38

pacificism of, 145

Dionysius the Areopagite, 53

Djilas, Milovan, xi

Dominic, St., 35

Doukhobors sect, 168, 280

Dousentschuer, Jan, 116

Druids, 9

Dunkard sect, 177

Duns Scotus, 54

Ebenezer community, 193

Ebionites sect, 27-28

Eckhart, Meister, 51, 53-54, 98, 124, 134, 140, 172, 176

doctrine of, 57-60

Ecology, libertarian tradition and, xiii-xiv

Egranus, John, 99-100

Egyptian civilization, 8-9, 11

Therapeutae of, 16-18

Ehrenpreis, Andreas, 283

Elias of Cortona, 47

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 244, 248, 253

Engels, Frederick, xiv-xv, 1, 108, 237, 241, 294-95

England

Diggers in, 136-38

Owen and, 217-23

Peasants Rebellion of 1381 in, 64, 66-71

St. Gilbert founds order in, 35

War of the Roses in, 62-63, 66

Wycliffe in, 63-64

English Civil War

Church heresy during, 37-38

Cromwell and, 135

religious sects during, 134-35

Ephratans sect, 177-78

Erigena, John Scotus, 53

Eschatological ethic, 181

Essenes, 11-23, 161

democratic structure of, 13-14

primitive Christianity and, 27-28

religion of, 15-20

Roman destruction of, 20-23

Eusebius of Caesarea 15, 27, 99

Evans, Frederick W., 204, 295

Fairfax, Thomas, 136-137

Feudalism

Bohemia revolution and, 86, 92

breakdown of, 71-73

English Peasant Rebellion and, 69

Reformation and, 93-94, 104

Fifth Monarchy movement, 135-36

Fourier, François Marie Charles, 153, 185

utopian theory of, 249-52

Fourierism (Fourierist phalansteries), 224, 239

Brook Farm and, 247, 253

colonies of, 253-58

Fourier theory of, 250-52

Fox, George, 136

Francis, St., 35-36, 52

doctrine of, 44-47

Franciscans, 35

Church supports establishment of, 45-47

Munzer and, 99-100

Spirituals (Zealots), 47-50

Franck, Sebastian, 112, 122

French Revolution, xviii, 150, 211

Fuller, Margaret, 246-47, 253

Garrison, William Lloyd, 214

George, Henry, 146

German Baptist Brethren, 173, 177

Gersen, Ottilie von, 101

Gerson, Jean, 74, 76

Gilbert of Sempringham, St., 35, 208

Gnosticism, 52

heresy of, 36-38

Islamic heresy and, 157

God

Calvinisms conception of, 95

Eckharts conception of, 57-59

mystical conception of, 53-54

Noyess conception of, 215

Winstanleys conception of, 140

Godwin, William, xvii

Goldman, Emma, xvi

Greeley, Horace, 252

Gregory of Nazianzus, St., 206

Gregory XII, Pope, 74-75

Gresbeck, Henry, 118

Harmonists, 223

community, 178-80

Harrington, James, 91

Haskell, Burnette G., 292

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 244, 246-48

Heinemann, Barbara, 192, 194

Henry VIII, 65-66, 78

Heresies

authority of Bible and, 39-40

of Brethren of the Free Spirit, 51-52

Islamic, 157

during Middle Ages, 36-37

Hildegard of Bingen, St., 54

Hippolitus, 27

Hoffman, Melchior, 110, 112

Holy Jumpers, 197

Hübmaier, Balthasar, 103, 124

Hunting-and-gathering society, 1-3

Hus, John, 63

effect of execution of, 78-80

radicalism of, 75-77

Hussite Wars, 63, 80-83

Hut, Hans, 110, 283

Hutter, Jacob, 124, 126,280,283

Hutterites, 83, 130-31, 133, 151, 169, 191, 296

in North America, 276-87

Russian settlement of, 129, 273-76

as shame culture, 132

wealth and stability of, 127-29, 281-87

Ibn-Arabi, 59, 161

Icaria community, 297

settlement, 261-67

Ihknaton, 11

Inca Peruvian civilization, 7, 9

Independents sect, 144, 173

Inquisition

banned from England, 66

kept out of Bohemia, 74

women persecuted by, 55-56

Intentional religious communities. See Communist religious sects

Iroquois, 6-7, 203

Islamic civilization

Crusades and, 162

piratical communism and, 157-58

Shia and, 158-59

James II, 97

Janson, Eric, 185-87

Jeanne dArc, 78

Jehovahs Witnesses, 282, 299

Jesuits, 165, 171, 208

in Paraguay, 208, 290-91

Jews

Essenes and, 11, 13, 15-16

as guilt culture, 132

Joachim of Fiore, 48-49, 124

John of Battenberg, 123

John of Gaunt, 68

John the Baptist, 12

John XXII, Pope, 48, 50, 60

John XXIII, Pope, 36

John XXIII, antipope (Baldassare Cossa), 74, 76-77

Josephus, Flavius, 11-13, 99

on Essenes, 18-19

Kautsky, Karl, 108

Keil, Doctor, 183-85

Kelpius, Johannus, 175-77

Kempis, Thomas à, 61, 172

Khlisti sect, 168

Knights Templar, 162-63, 165

Knipperdolling, Bernard, 112, 116, 118

Kraussert, M., 192

Krechting, Bernard, 118

Kronstadt revolt (1921), x

Kropotkin, Peter, xiii

Langenstiel, Leonard, 127

Lascaux cave paintings, 2

Lee Standerin, Ann, 197-99

Lenin, V.I., Left Marxists and, x

Levellers, 134

Winstanley and, 143-44

Libertarian communism, ix-x

Lilburne, John, 134

Lollards, 64, 66

Lucius III, Pope, 40

Luther, Martin, 31, 61, 83, 93, 97, 109, 150

free enterprise and, 95

Munzer and, 100-3, 107

Peasants Revolt and, 104-5

salvation for, 94

McClure, William, 226, 231

Mandean sect, 168

Manichaean heresy, 36-37, 157

Manning, Robert, 196

Margaret of Parete, 56

Martin V, Pope, 82

Marx, Karl, xv-xvi, 1, 128, 146, 152, 154, 221, 237-38, 241, 269, 286, 293-95, 299

Matthaei, Conrad, 176

Mattys, Jan, 111-13, 115

Mayan civilization, 5, 9

Mazdaian sect, 156-57

Mecca, Carmathian attack on, 160

Mechthild of Magdeburg, St., 54-55

Meecham, Joseph, 198-199

Megalithic religion, 5

Mennonites, 28, 41, 62, 109, 169, 274, 285

in America, 173

Menno Simons and, 122-23

Melchiorite sect, 110

Metz, Christian, 192-94

Middle East. See Near East

Millenarianism

Anabaptists and, 98, 122

following Münzer, 109-110

and Gnosticism, 37

Münster commune and, 96, 105, 111-19

at 1000 AD, 36

Shakers and, 196-205

of Taborites, 88

Miller, Henry, 87

Milton, John, 41

Modern Times community, 239-40

Mohammed, 157

Molokani sect, 168

Monasticism, 8-9

Counter-Reformation and, 171

of Ephratans, 177-78

of Orthodox Christian Church, 28, 30-36

Monasteries

Benedictine, 34

St. Pachomius establishes first, 29

work ethic of, 32-33

Mongols, 161, 164

Monks, 28-33

Monteforte community, 38-39

Moravia: Anabaptists in, 124-25, 127. See also Bohemia

Moravian Brethren (United Brethren), 83, 151, 173

More, St. Thomas, 78, 91, 260

Morgan, Lewis Henry, 1

Mormons, 52, 225, 262, 267, 285, 297

Morris, William, 67, 151

Muir, John, 3

Miller, Bernard, 182

Münster (Germany), 96, 226

communism at, 111-20

Münzer, Thomas, 96, 118

capture of, 105-7

four surviving conceptions of, 107-8

Peasants Revolt and, 101, 103-5

radicalism of, 98-103

spread of teachings of, 110-11

Mysticism

of Brethren of the Free Spirit, 51

Church mystical theology and, 53-54

of Eckhart, 57-60

of Noyes, 213

Russian peasants and, 167

of Shiites, 158-59

women and, 54-56

of Woman in the Wilderness, 176

Nashoba community, 230-33

Nazarenes sect, 27

Near East, 155-64

Carmathians, 159-62

communal life in, 155-56

Mazdaism in, 156-57

Shiites, 158-59

Negroes (Negro slaves), 160, 203

at Nashoba community, 230-32

Neolithic village

communalism of, 1-8

of European steppe, 165-66

of Near East, 155

Nestorian Church, 31

New Harmony community, 178, 180, 217, 236, 238

Owen and, 223-30

New Icaria community, 270-71

New Lanark, 152, 228

business governing, 218-23

Nicholas of Cusa, 61, 172

Nojashing community, 208

North American Phalanx community, 255-56

Noyes, John Humphrey, 230, 258, 282, 295

Oneida and, 209, 211-16

Observant sect, 48

Oecolampadius, John, 103

Olivi, Peter John, 49

Olson, Jonas, 185-86

Oneida Community, 295

Noyes and, 209-16

Order of Preachers (Dominicans), 35

Oreb commune, 85, 87

Oschwald, Ambrosius, 206

Ottoman Empire, 63

Owen, Albert K., 291

Owen, David Dale, 229

Owen, Robert, 151, 153, 182, 236, 282

Cabet and, 260-61

New Harmony community and, 177, 180, 223-29

New Lanark and, 217-23, 228

Owen Robert Dale, 227, 229, 231, 233, 238

Owenite communities, 223, 225, 230. See also New Harmony; New Lanark

Pachomius, St., 29, 31-32

Pacificism, 169

of Dutch Anabaptists, 121

of Hussites, 277-78

of Swiss Brethren, 109

of Taborites, 90

of Winstanley and Diggers, 145

Paraguay, Jesuits in, 208, 290-91

Paris Commune, xviii, 268-69

Pastorius, Francis Daniel, 175

Paul, St., 51

communism rejected by, 27

Paul I, Emperor, 274

Peasants

English rebellion of, 1381, 64, 66-71

German revolt of, 96, 101, 103-7, 114

Reformation and, 94

of Ukraine, 166-67

Peasants Rebellion of 1381 (England), 64, 66-71

Peasants Revolt (Germany), 96, 107, 114

Luther and, 104-5

Munzer and, 101, 103-5

Penn, William, 97, 136, 152, 173, 178

Pennsylvania colony, 173

Ephratans in, 177-78

Rappites in, 180-82

Woman in the Wilderness in, 175-76

Peoples Will, the (Narodnya Volya), 167

Perfectionists sect, Oneida and, 209-16

Peterson, Johann Wilhelm, 192

Petegorsky, David, 151

Pfeiffer, Henry, 103, 105-7, 118

Philip, Landgraf of Hesse, 106-07, 115, 127

Philo Judaeus, 11-12, 28, 55, 161

on Essenes, 15-16

Therapeutae and, 16-18

Pikarti sect (Picards), 85, 89

Piratical communism: gang loyalty among, 162, 164-65

Islam and, 157-58

Place, Francis, 152

Plato, 10, 54, 91, 160

Platt, John, 137

Pliny, 11-12

on Essenes, 19-20

Plotinus, 140

Plutarch, 266

Poor Men of Lyons (Waldenses), 40-41

Popes. See listings under proper name

Prague, 74, 100

papal siege of, 80

Prague, University of, 72, 75

Pratt, Minor, 244

Presbyterians, 144

Primitive communism

among hunting-and-gathering people, 1-3

neolithic revolution and, 7-8

Private property. See Wealth

Procopius the Great, 82-83

Protestants, 121

radicals persecuted by, 172

See also specific listings

Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, 185, 226, 238, 269, 294

Pueblo Indians, 8

Puritans, 173

Pythagoras, 9, 10

Quakers (Quakerism), 59, 62, 134, 173, 215, 279, 282

Bellers and, 152-54

industrialists among, 218

rise of, 135-36

Qumran, 11-16, 20-23

Rapp, George, 179, 181-82, 194

Rappites, 224, 229-230

community of, 178, 180-82

Rakovians, 130-32

Ranters sect, 134

Reclus, Élisée, xiii

Reformation, 37, 150

Catholicism subverted, 97

changes due to, 93-94

destruction of radical, 132

feudalism and, 93-94, 104

Waldenses and, 41

Wycliffe and, 63, 66

Religion

ancient monastic orders and, 8-10

cave paintings and, 2

growth of towns and, 6

late Medieval spiritualism and, 62

of Reformation radical sectarians, 87-98

of Shakers and female Jesus incarnation, 197, 199

Renan, Ernest, 12, 23

Ricardo, David, xvi, 221

Richardson, James, 230, 232-33

Riedemann, Peter, 127, 283

Ripley, George, 243, 245-47, 253

Rol, Henry, 112

Rollers sect, 197

Roman Catholics. See Catholics

Roman Empire

monasteries and decline of, 33

persecutions in, 280

Rosemunde Juliane of Asseberg, 191-92

Rosicrucian Brotherhood, 174-175

Rothmann, Bernt, 111-112, 114-15

Russia

artists of, 170

communist religious sects in, 165-70

Eastern-bloc nations and, x-xi

Hutterite settlement in, 273-75

Ruysbroeck, Jan van, 58, 61, 172

St. Nazianz colony, 206-8

Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de, 153

Saints. See listings under proper name

Sauer, Christopher, 178

Say, Thomas, 226

Schweitzer, Albert, 181

Schwenkfeld, Caspar, 122

Seekers sect, 135, 139

Serfdom. See Feudalism

Service Committee, American Friends, 153

Sexual practices

of Brethren of the Free Spirit, 51-52

at Brook Farm, 246

Church accusations and, 52

of Dutch Anabaptists, 123-24

English Civil War Church heresy and, 38

Hutterites and, 128

Mazdaism and, 156

at Oneida, 212-13

by Orleans heretical group, 39

polygamy at Münster, 115

of Ranters, 124

of Sisters of Schweydnitz, 55

of Taborites, 89

Wright and, 231

Shakers, 195, 212-13, 286

community of, 196-205

Shaw, George Bernard, 78, 213

Shia (Shiites), 168

Islamic heresy and, 158-59

Siege communism, 118

Sigismund, King of Hungary, 72-74, 78-79, 83

Silesius, Angelus, 172

Simons, Menno, 122-23

Sisters of Schweydnitz, 55

Skoptsi sect, 168

Sluyter, Peter, 174

Slash-and-burn culture, 5

Socialism, defined, ix

Socialist Revolutionaries (Russia), 167

Society of Friends. See Quakers

Socinus, Faustus, 131

Spanish Civil War, x, xviii, 150

Speranza colony, 270

Spiritual Franciscanism (Zealots), 47-50

Stalin, Josef, 169, 269, 273

Standerin, Abraham, 197-98

State

Amana and noncooperation with, 192

communism and abolition of, ix

Near East life and, 155-56

plunder communism and, 162

power and attack upon, xii

primitive society and, 5

Reformation and Church relation to, 95-97

Steiger, Matthias, 208

Stonehenge, 5

Storch, Nicholas, 99-100, 105

Strutt, Jebediah, 218

Sufis, 51, 161

Sunnite sect, 158-60

Suso, Henry, 51, 61, 98-99, 172

Swiss Brethren, 109

Tabor commune, 76, 80, 83

communism at, 86-92

Taborites, 37, 39, 151

Hussite Wars and, 80-83

Tauler, Johann, 51, 61, 98-99

Teutonic Knights, 163-164

Therapeutae sect, 16-18, 28, 161

Topolobampo colony, 291-92

Toynbee, Arnold, 28

Transcendentalists, 253

Brook Farm and, 242-44

Trappist monks, 201

Troost, Gerard, 226

Tucker, Benjamin R., 240

Tyler, Wat, 67, 69

Ukraine, peasant communities of, 166-68

Unitarianism, 131, 244

United States, 172-73

Amana community in, 191-96

communist communities in, xi, 173-90

during 1840s, 242

Fourierism in, 253-58

Hutterites in, 276-78

Oneida community in, 209-16

St. Nazianz colony in, 206-8

Shakers in, 196-205

Universalism, 244

Urban VI, Pope, 73

Utopian thought

Cabet and, 261

Engels and, xv

Fouriers theory of, 249-52

of Taborites, 91

of Winstanley, 147-50

Utraquists (Calixtines), 81-84

Varangian colonies, 163-64

Vaudon (Haitian voodoo), 203

Vegetarianism, 38, 156, 169

Von Waldek, Franz, 114

Waldenses (Poor Men of Lyons), 40-41

in Bohemia, 74

Taborites and, 87

Waldo, Peter, 40, 45

Waldpot, Peter, 127, 131

Walsingham, Thomas, 69

Warren, Josiah, 151, 226, 230

doctrine of, 235-40

Wealth

Articles of Prague and, 80

Hutterites and, 128

Spiritual Franciscans attack on Church and, 50

Winstanley and, 145

Wycliffe and, 65-66

Weigel, Valentin, 122

Weitling, Wilhelm, 185, 269, 293-94

Wenceslaus IV, King of Holy Roman Empire, 72-76, 79

Whitman, Walt, 242

Wiedeman, Jacob, 124, 283

William of Orange, 70, 123

Winstanley, Gerrard, 136-37

radicalism of, 138-43

utopian vision of, 147-50

Wipf, Jacob, 277

Witches, 165

Wolff, Christopher, 185

Woman in the Wilderness sect, 175-77

Women

among Carmathians, 161

Christian mysticism and, 54-56

communalism and, 296-97

Hutterite, 284-85

at Oneida, 214

Shakers and female Jesus incarnation, 197, 199

Wright, Frances, 226, 230, 238

Nashoba community and, 230-33

Wright, Lucy, 198-99

Wycliffe, John, 74-75, 87

doctrine of, 63-66

Yaeger, Philip, 124

Zandigs sect, 157

Zanj insurrection, 160

Zealots (Spiritual Franciscanism), 47-50

Zimmermann, Johann Jakob, 175-76

Zizka, Jan, 89-90

Hussite Wars and, 79-82, 84-85

Zoroastrianism, 155-57

Zuni Indians, 8

Zwingli, Huldreich, 93, 96, 109

Rexroths Communalism was published in 1974 by Seabury Press.

Copyright 1974. Reproduced by permission of the Kenneth Rexroth Trust.



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