Ben Bernanke, the former chairman of the Federal Reserve, remains upbeat about the economy’s outlook and isn’t particularly alarmed by recent bond-market developments many see as hinting at trouble down the road.

“Everything we see about the near-term outlook for the economy is quite strong,” Mr. Bernanke told reporters in a roundtable interview Monday with Tim Geithner, a former New York Fed chief and Obama administration Treasury secretary, and Henry Paulson, a former Goldman Sachs banker turned George W. Bush administration...