Students are still being detained and are living in “terror” after being wrongly caught up in Theresa May’s “hostile environment” crackdown five years ago, MPs and campaigners say.

The Home Office is accused of failing to act on the plight of more than 35,000 people accused of cheating in English language tests – after a flawed investigation – so they can clear their names.

The department is also criticised for refusing to provide up-to-date information about how many students have been deported, or refused permission to stay in the UK, over the past two years.

Now MPs are set to investigate the scandal themselves, amid fresh evidence that some are still being detained, while others are living in poverty or have mental health problems.

Stephen Timms, a Labour MP, said ministers must allow the students to sit a fresh test, grant visas to those who pass and allow them “time to complete their studies and to clear their names”.

He said Sajid Javid, the home secretary, had pledged to investigate individual cases, but had not yet replied to letters he sent before Christmas.

“Students living all over the UK have been victims of this scandal and have been left in a dire situation as a result,” Mr Timms told The Independent.

“One of those I wrote to the home secretary about was detained by the Home Office last week and was released subsequently only after I contacted his office.

Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Show all 15 1 /15 Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK The ex-troopship 'Empire Windrush' arriving at Tilbury Docks from Jamaica, with 482 Jamaicans on board, emigrating to Britain. Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Jamaican immigrants being welcomed by RAF officials from the Colonial Office after the ex-troopship 'Empire Windrush' landed them at Tilbury. PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Alford Gardner who arrived in Britain in 1948 on the first Windrush ship to dock in Tilbury, Essex, speaking at his home in Leeds PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Alford Gardner in Leeds shortly after he arrived in Britain in 1948 on the first Windrush ship to dock in Tilbury, Essex PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Gardner was 22 years old when he boarded the ship in Kingston, Jamaica, with his brother Gladstone before they and hundreds of Caribbean migrants called on to rebuild post-war Britain disembarked the ship in Tilbury Docks PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Alford Gardner (right), during his RAF service in 1947 PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK The son of Ruth Williams, a Windrush-generation immigrant, wants to the leave the country after threats of deportation. According to his mother, Mr Haynes applied for British citizenship in 2016 but was rejected, despite Ms Williams having lived in the UK almost permanently since arriving from St Vincent and the Grenadines in 1959. Ruth Williams, 75, said she felt "betrayed" by Britain after the Home Office twice turned down applications for her 35-year-old son, Mozi Haynes, to remain in the country. Ms Williams is understood to have cancer and said she relies heavily on her son for support. PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK The British liner 'Empire Windrush' at port in 1954. Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Ruth Williams, 75, with her British passport. "I feel betrayed and a second class citizen in my own country," she said. "This makes me so sad and the Home Office must show some compassion. "I am unwell and almost 75, I live on my own and I need my son to stay here. I need my family around me and I can’t face being alone. He has applied to the Home Office and been refused twice." PA Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK From the top, hopeful Jamaican boxers Charles Smith, Ten Ansel, Essi Reid, John Hazel, Boy Solas and manager Mortimer Martin arrive at Tilbury on the Empire Windrush in the hope of finding work in Britain. Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Jamaicans reading a newspaper whilst on board the ex-troopship 'Empire Windrush' bound for Tilbury docks in Essex. Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK After half a century in Britain, Anthony Bryan decided it was time to go abroad. But the decision set off a nightmare that saw him lose his job, detained twice and almost deported to Jamaica. AFP/Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Jamaica-born Anthony Bryan poses outside his home in Edmonton, north London. Now 60 and a grandfather, Bryan thought the issue could be resolved swiftly, as he legally moved to Britain with his family as part of the Windrush generation of Caribbean migrants after World War II. In 1948, the ship Windrush brought the first group of migrants from the West Indies to help rebuild post-war Britain, and many others followed from around the Commonwealth. A 1971 law gave them indefinite leave to remain, but many never formalised their status, often because they were children who came over on their parents' passports and then never applied for their own. AFP/Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Three Jamaican immigrants (left to right) John Hazel, a 21-year-old boxer, Harold Wilmot, 32, and John Richards, a 22-year-old carpenter, arriving at Tilbury on board the ex-troopship 'Empire Windrush', smartly dressed in zoot suits and trilby hats. Getty Windrush generation: threat of deportation from UK Newly arrived Jamaican immigrants on board the 'Empire Windrush' at Tilbury in 1948. Getty

“With growing concern across parliament about this shocking episode – and about the extreme hardship being faced by completely innocent students affected – we are establishing an all-party parliamentary group to investigate more fully what happened, with its first meeting next month.”

The move was welcomed by Migrant Voice, which has campaigned for the students, as offering fresh hope for “exposing the Home Office’s mishandling of the scandal”.

“It is appalling that the Home Office is continuing to detain international students as recently as Wednesday, they need to stop this now,” said Nazek Ramadan, its director.

“This is not something that can be dealt with in a year or even a month – it needs to be rectified now.”

However, the Home Office stood by its hardline approach and refused to say what, if any, arrangements the students could make to resit their English-language tests.

The controversy broke in 2014 when a BBC investigation alleged systemic cheating in the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC), which is contracted by the Home Office.

The test was used to determine whether a prospective foreign student understood English well enough to qualify for a student visa in the UK.

The affair is seen as an example of the hostile environment policy because Ms May, the-then home secretary, acted swiftly to cancel, cut short, or refuse, the visas of 35,870 students who had taken the test.

However, it then emerged the automated system used by Educational Testing Services (ETS) – a company called in by Ms May to investigate – was flawed, suggesting the allegations of cheating were false.

ETS had found that 33,725 results were “invalid”, because a proxy had been used, while a further 22,694 were “questionable”.

Ms Ramadan has called it “a Windrush-style textbook example of thoughtless decision-making”, while Mr Timms attacked “very clearly an aspect of the hostile environment”.

Migrant Voice said that among students “living in terror” after being detained, often after routine Home Office meetings, were:

A woman from India, who came to the UK to study hospitality management, held for a month in April 2018, who takes medication for kidney problems and described her situation as “hell”

A Pakistani man, detained for a month in November last year and given notice of deportation. He was released, but fears being detained again at any time; and

Mr Timms’s constituent, arrested by police just days ago and due to be taken to a detention centre the next day, before the MP’s intervention

When Mr Timms asked for up-to-date information on visa refusals and deportations, the Home Office told him: “The data was last published in February 2017 and only contains data to December 2016.”

Among the MPs who have signed a parliamentary motion tabled by the MP are Conservative Peter Bottomley, Jim Shannon, of the Democratic Unionist Party, and Green MP Caroline Lucas, as well as 11 Scottish Nationalists and 17 Labour MPs.

But the Home Office said hundreds of colleges which had sponsored students linked to ETS had had their licences revoked.

“The investigations in 2014 into the abuse of English language testing revealed systemic cheating which was indicative of significant organised fraud,” a spokesperson said.