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Note that some words derived from the same root have acquired different meanings in various Germanic languages. Animals Modern English Old English Dutch German Old High German Old Norse Proto-Germanic Proto-Indo-European bear bera beer Bär bero björn *beron (*rtko) bull bula bul Bulle boli *bullon (*tauros) boar bar beer (Keiler) ber (*tworkos) carp karper Karpfen karpfo (*kophelos) chicken cicen kuiken/kieken Küken kjuklingr dog (hound) docga (hond) (Hund) (hunt) (hundr) (*hundas) (*kuntos) dove dufe duif Taube dufa tuba *dubon eel æl aal Aal al all ælaz horse hors ros Roß hros hross *hursa (*gheyos, *hekwos) lamb lamb lam Lamm lamb lamb *lambaz (*heg[w]hnos) lark lawerce leeuwerik Lerche lævirik *laiw(a)rikon ram ramm ram (Schafbock) ram sheep sceap schaap Schaf scaf stork storc (ooievaar) Storch storah storkr *sturkaz toad / paddock tadige pad (Kröte) padda Plants Modern English Old English Dutch German Old High German Old Norse Proto-Germanic Proto-Indo-European berry berie bere (M.Du.) Beere ber *basjom (*h[a]ogeh[a], *dhreghes-) leek læc look Lauch louh laukr *lauka oak ac eik Eiche eih eik *aiks (*perk[w]us) oat ate (haver) (Hafer) (hafri) (*khabran) (*h[a]ewis) reed hreod riet Riet hriot *khreudom (*nedos, *yoinis) weed weod wieden *weud Body parts Modern English Old English Dutch German Old High German Old Norse Proto-Germanic Proto-Indo-European back bæc bak (M.Du.) (Rücken) *bakam (*hepo) body bodig (lichaam) (Körper) botah (*kreps) bone ban been Bein bein *bainam (*host) brain brægen brein (Gehirn) *bragnam (*mosghos) cheek ceace kaak (Backe) *kaukon finger fingor vinger Finger fingr *fingraz (*polik[o]s) leg (shank) been Bein leggr *lagjaz (sok[w]t) liver lifer lever Leber lebara lifr *librn neck hnecca nek Nacken hnach hnakkr *khnekkon (*mono, *kolsos) shoulder sculdor schouder Schulter scultra *skuldro (*dous, homsos) skull schedel Schädel skalli toe ta teen Zehe zecha ta *taikhwo womb wamb wam Wamme wamba vomb *wambo Adjectives & Adverbs Modern English Old English Dutch German Old High German Old Norse Proto-Germanic Proto-Indo-European broad brad breed breit breiðr *braithaz dear deore duur teuer tiuri dyrr *deurjaz dim dimm deemster timber dimmr *dimbaz gray/grey græg grauw grau grao grar *grisja idle idel ijdel eitel ital narrow nearu nare (M.Du.) *narwaz shy sceoh schuw scheu sciuhen *skeukh(w)az Title, status, occupation Modern English Old English Dutch German Old High German Old Norse Proto-Germanic Proto-Indo-European bride bryd bruid Braut brut *bruthiz child cild kind Kind *kiltham king cyning koning König kuning konungr *kuninggaz (*reg) knight cniht knecht Knecht wife wif wijf Weib wib vif *wiban Construction, transports, materials & weapons Modern English Old English Dutch German Old High German Old Norse Proto-Germanic Proto-Indo-European bow (n.) boga boog Bogen bogi *bugon dam dam Damm dammr *dammaz gate geat gat Gasse gat *gatan house hus huis Haus hus *husan keel kiel Kiel kjölr *keluz keg kaggi lane lanu laan lön pack pak pakki path pæþ pad Pfad pfad *patha roof hrof roef (Dach) rof hrof *khrofaz sail segl zeil Segel segal segl *seglom sea sæ zee See sær *saiwaz ship scip schip Schiff skif skip *skipam shoe scoh schoen Schuh scuoh skor *skokhaz silver seolfor zilver silber sillabar silfr *silubra (*arg-ent) steel style staal Stahl stahal stal *stakhlijan tin tin tin Zinn zin tin *tinom weapon wæpen wapen wafen waffen vapn *wæpnan Miscellaneous Modern English Old English Dutch German Old High German Old Norse Proto-Germanic Proto-Indo-European beacon beacen baken (Leucht)bake bouhhan *baukna (W.Germ.) buy bycgan *bugjanan begin beginnan beginnen beginnen beginnan *beginnan dream droom Traum troum draumr *draugmas (W.Germ.) ? drink drincan drinken trinken trinkan drekka *drengkan drive drifan drijven treiben triban drifa *dribanan dwarf dweorh dwerg Zwerg twerg dvegr *dweraz flee fleon vlieden fliehen flöja fliohan *thleukhanan ground grund grond Grund grunt grunn *grundus ice is ijs Eis iss *isa leap hleapan lopen laufen hlaupa *khlaupan luck geluk Glück mood mod moed Mut muot moðr *motha race ræs rasen rasen ras *ræs scathe skaða schaden schaden scadon *skath shake sceacan schokken schütteln skaka *skakanan soul sawol ziel Seele seula sala *saiwalo start steortian storten stürzen sturzen *sturtjan steal stelan stelen stehlen stelan stela *stelanan steam stymen stoom *staumaz swell swellan zwellen schwellen swellan svela *swelnanan swallow swelgan zwelgen schwelgen swelahan svelgja *swelkh thing þing ding ding ding þing *thengan top top top Zopf zopf toppr *tupaz trend trendan *trandijanan wonder wundor wonder Wunder wuntar undr *wundran