WASHINGTON—President Trump and Vice President Mike Pence condemned Russia’s support for Venezuela’s embattled president during a meeting with Fabiana Rosales, the wife of opposition leader Juan Guaidó, whom the White House has declared the legitimate president.

Mr. Trump held an unscheduled visit with Ms. Rosales, who was at the White House to meet with Mr. Pence. The president repeated his warning that all options for U.S. action in Venezuela remain under consideration.

“We...