UPDATE (Aug. 8, 2018): This post has been update to include information provided by the City of Charlottesville and the…

UPDATE (Aug. 8, 2018): This post has been updated to include information provided by the City of Charlottesville and the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia (MPD) related to media operations and briefing areas, prohibited items, and contact information for press inquiries and in the event of an arrest or other incident.

Ahead of planned demonstrations marking the one-year anniversary of the “Unite the Right” rally in Charlottesville that turned violent, the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press reminds journalists that our Legal Defense Hotline is available seven days a week for journalists who need legal support.

Reporters Committee attorneys will be available in both Washington, D.C., and Charlottesville.

Contact the Reporters Committee’s Legal Defense Hotline at 1-800-336-4243 or hotline@rcfp.org if:

you are arrested

police demand to search or seize your equipment

you need help finding a lawyer

you have any other questions about your legal rights while covering a protest

If you are a journalist reporting from Charlottesville, click here for more information from the City of Charlottesville about the media operations and briefing area, newsgathering items prohibited within the downtown mall security perimeter and how to contact the Joint Information Center with press inquiries. Media organizations can also contact the Joint Information Center for information about journalists on the ground in the event of an arrest or other incident. A list of additional items prohibited within the downtown mall security perimeter can be found here.

Journalists and media organizations reporting from D.C. should contact the MPD’s Office of Communications at mpd.press@dc.gov or 202-727-4383 in the event of an arrest or other incident. In the event of an arrest, media organizations should also contact the D.C. Central Cell Block at 202-727-4222 for information about the arrestee’s location after processing. The MPD has issued a traffic advisory about roads that may be impacted by demonstrations but has not issued a list of prohibited items.

It has never been more crucial for journalists and news organizations to prepare before covering a protest or rally.

In 2017, the most dangerous place for a journalist in the U.S. was at a protest. Of the 122 incidents that the U.S. Press Freedom Tracker logged last year, nearly half occurred at protests, including 31 physical attacks on journalists, 29 arrests of journalists and 12 instances where law enforcement seized journalists’ equipment.

In order to protect yourself while covering protests and to ensure your safety, use these tips from Reporters Committee attorneys:

Before the protest

Do your homework ahead of time.

Identify potential threats and prepare for them. Find a lawyer who will be available while you are reporting.

Keep the phone number for a local criminal lawyer and bail bondsman handy (e.g., on a business card or written on your arm so you do not have to unlock your phone in the presence of police) and make sure the lawyer will be available to take your call. Contact the Reporters Committee’s hotline for assistance in finding an attorney. Research the location of the protest and nearby police precincts.

Give the phone numbers for those precincts to your attorney, who can call there to find you if you become unresponsive to phone calls or text messages in the event you are arrested. Identify who may be adversarial to the press.

If it may be protesters, stand apart from the crowd and closer to police, clearly identifying yourself as press. If you are concerned about police, stay closer to the crowd. However, use your best judgment.

Research riot control tactics in the area and bring personal protective equipment as appropriate.

Check with local police to make sure your equipment is permitted, at least for journalists (e.g., if you expect pepper spray or tear gas, bring a full-face gas mask; if you expect rubber bullets, bring body armor, a helmet and a trauma kit). Plan for kettling.

If you anticipate kettling, bring your attorney’s phone number so you can report it and so your attorney can contact the police to try to get you out of the kettle. Bring water, snacks, a medical kit and additional layers of clothing in case the weather changes. Team up with another reporter.

Reporting alone is dangerous, particularly if you are operating a camera or video camera and are observing your surroundings from behind a viewfinder.

At the protest

Bring a government-issued ID and cash.

This can speed up processing if you are arrested and will enable you to pay for a bail bond. Present yourself as a journalist and wear press credentials prominently.

To avoid being mistaken for a protester, use your best judgment and try not to wear clothing that matches what protesters are wearing (e.g., all black). Also, engage with police before the protest so they know who you are and may be less likely to arrest you. However, use your best judgment under the circumstances. In some cases, police and protesters have targeted journalists. Be aware of the situation and avoid breaking the law.

Set the timer on your phone to go off every 15 minutes to remind you to look around, identify exits, assess police interactions with protesters, determine whether the situation is escalating and whether you may be doing something illegal, such as trespassing on private property. This is especially important for photographers and videographers whose view is often limited. If police issue a dispersal order or give any other directives, promptly comply and prominently display your press credentials.

If you encounter a problem, contact your attorney. If police stop you, politely explain that you are covering the protest as a journalist and show your press credentials.

Record your interaction with police, if possible, so you have documentation of what happened in case you are later charged with a crime. If you are arrested, contact your attorney or the Reporters Committee’s hotline as soon as possible. If you are working with another journalist, ask that person to notify your attorney and editor, as well as take your cellphone, camera or other work product or equipment for safekeeping. If police ask to search or seize your equipment, you do not have to consent.

The Fourth Amendment protects you from unreasonable searches and seizures, and the Privacy Protection Act of 1980 restricts law enforcement from searching for and seizing a journalist’s work product and documentary materials. Rehearse your response in advance. You can say something like “I’m a journalist, and my equipment and its contents belong to my company. If you want to access it, you will first need to contact their attorney.”

Click here to download or print a PDF of this tip sheet.