THE Committee on Gerrymander worked late, drawing intricate lines on a map of the State, and being weary sought repose in a game of poker.

It will never be a simple task to identify how much partisan dominance is too much in the context of partisan gerrymanders . (25) That said, the nation's experience with partisan gerrymanders seems to have reached a tipping point; gerrymanders such as the Texas gerrymander at issue in LULAC have become so complete, and their execution so brazen, that the level of gerrymandering in the first decade of the twenty-first century has reduced most congressional elections to a "farce" and rendered individual voters' decisions on election day nearly meaningless.

If anything, LULAC's limited majority opinion and six separate concurrences plunged partisan gerrymander jurisprudence deeper into confusion.

(15) It seems likely that the delegates created a Redistricting Board (16) to advise the governor so as to counter the universal inclination of politicians to gerrymander . The Board was to prepare in public a plan for the governor, who could make changes to the plan only if he provided an explanation of why the changes were needed.

challenged an alleged Republican gerrymander of the state's

Jubelirer, upholding the gerrymander of Pennsylvania's congressional districts, and later summarily affirmed a district court decision striking down, on one person, one vote grounds, a pro-Democratic gerrymander of the Georgia state legislature.

Jubelirer, (1) the Court upheld Pennsylvania's congressional redistricting plan despite all the justices agreeing it was a partisan gerrymander . In a divided court--there were five separate opinions--the majority saw no constitutional violation, and the inherent partisan consequences of any judicially mandated reform suggest that future courts will also have difficulty rejecting political gerrymanders .

The Federalist press likened the shape to a salamander and initiated the term gerrymander .

Gerrymandering has been with us since the early 1800s; however, in today's computer era the capacity of legislators to gerrymander their districts using precise census data and polling has increased significantly.

The term gerrymander must be distinguished from redistricting.

"I'm here for a fair process, not to gerrymander for Democrats," he told me.