PARIS — Salah Abdeslam, thought to be the only direct participant in the November terrorist attacks in Paris to have survived, refused to answer questions on Friday at a hearing with a French investigative judge in Paris, the prosecutor’s office and his lawyer said.

Although the hearing was just the first in what is expected to be a long inquiry, Mr. Abdeslam’s silence highlighted the obstacles facing investigators as they seek information from him about the attacks, which killed 130 people.

Mr. Abdeslam, who is suspected of playing a crucial logistical role in the attacks, was arrested in March in Molenbeek, the neighborhood in Brussels where he grew up, and extradited to France in April.

His arrest in Belgium on March 18 came just four days before the terrorist attacks in the Brussels Airport and at a metro station. After initially fighting his extradition to France, he reversed himself, and his lawyer, Frank Berton, had said at the time that his client was ready to cooperate with the French authorities.