31 March 2014 – Just over one in two citizens (52%) across 17 countries polled for the BBC World Service disagree that “the Internet is a safe place to express my opinions,” outnumbering the 40 per cent who agree it is safe.

The poll, conducted by GlobeScan among over 17,000 people worldwide between December 2013 and February 2014 is being released as part of Freedom Live—a day of broadcasts on the World Service’s 27 language services exploring stories about freedom from around the world.

While one-in-two judge the Internet an unsafe place for expressing opinions, two-thirds (67%) say the Internet brings them greater freedom, with only 25 per cent disagreeing.

One in three citizens (36%) across the 17 countries say they do not feel free from government surveillance and monitoring, making this the worst rated of five freedoms examined in the poll. Majorities of Americans (54%) and Germans (51%) do not feel free from government surveillance, while in contrast, strong majorities feel free of surveillance in countries such as China (where 76% say they feel free of surveillance), Indonesia (69%) and Russia (61%).

Media freedom was also given low ratings. Across eight countries surveyed in 2007 and 2014, the percentage of people who feel that the media in their country is “free to report the news accurately, truthfully and without undue bias” has dropped by nearly one third over the last seven years, from 59 per cent to 40 per cent. The biggest falls occurred in Kenya (down 37 points), India (down 23 points) and Russia (down 20 points). In the UK and the USA, only a minority of respondents now feel that the media in their countries is free, compared to majorities in 2007.

As for other freedoms, strong majorities across the full 17 countries surveyed consider they have a high level of freedom when it comes to “practicing the religion of their choice” (87%), to “marry or live with the person of their choosing” (86%), and to “speak about any issue publicly” (75%).

The results are drawn from a telephone and in-person survey of 17,589 adult citizens across 17 countries. It was conducted for the BBC World Service between December 2013 and February 2014 by the international polling firm GlobeScan and its national partners. Within-country results are considered accurate within +/- 2.9 to 4.9 per cent 19 times out of 20.

GlobeScan Chairman Doug Miller commented: “The poll suggests that two of the underpinnings of modern democracies are at risk—a media seen as free and fair; and an Internet safe for the free expression of views.

The results also suggest that many of the personal freedoms that Western democracies have championed in the world are actually fairly well established in the minds of citizens across these particular 17 countries. Ironically, it is in some of these very democracies where citizens give relatively poor ratings of some freedoms.”

Detailed Findings

On average across the 17 countries, the poll finds that those who feel “the Internet is a safe place to express my opinions” (40%) are outnumbered by those who disagree it is safe (52%). France is among the countries where respondents do not feel they can express their opinions safely online (76%), alongside South Korea (72%), Spain (66%), Canada, the USA, and Germany (65% each). Only six surveyed countries have majorities that feel they can express their opinions online safely: Nigeria (71%), India (67%), Indonesia (57%), Kenya (52%), Pakistan and Peru (both 51%).

At the same time, two-thirds of respondents (67%) say the Internet brings them greater freedom, with the most enthused respondents being in Africa (81% in Nigeria and 78% in Kenya), followed by Australians (77%), Britons (76%), Indonesians (73%), Canadians and Americans (both 72%). In contrast, people in China do not report a strong sense of increased freedom from using the Internet, with a narrow majority agreeing with the statement and 45 per cent disagreeing with it.

Across the 17 countries surveyed, an average of 60 per cent say they feel free from government surveillance in their country as opposed to the 36 per cent who report not being free. Unlike the USA and Germany, all other surveyed countries have majorities who consider themselves free from government monitoring programmes. In China, 76 per cent say they feel free from government monitoring—the highest proportion in the survey. Other countries with strong majorities feeling their privacy is respected include Australia (72%), Indonesia (69%), Canada (64%), Nigeria (63%), Peru (62%), Russia, Pakistan, and the UK (61% each).

On average, only 40 per cent believe that the press and media in their country are free to report the news accurately, truthfully and without undue bias. Just above a quarter (27%) have the opposite opinion, and the views of 28 per cent are mixed (neither free nor not free). Respondents from emerging economies tend to believe in the freedom of their national media, with Indonesians by far the most likely (73%), followed by Peruvians (51%) and strong pluralities of opinions in Africa (Nigeria, 49%; Kenya, 44%), India (49%) and China (47%)—although in China this perception is counter-balanced by an almost equal proportion of neutral opinions (44%). Conversely, South Korea stands out with seven in ten (69%) saying the media in South Korea is not free, followed by strong pluralities in Spain (46%) and France (40%).

Among eight tracking countries surveyed on media freedom in both 2007 and 2014, perceived freedom of the media has plummeted, dropping from 59 per cent in 2007 to 40 per cent in 2014. The biggest drops occurred in Kenya (down 37 points), India (down 23 points), and Russia (down 20 points). In the UK and USA, the percentage thinking their media is free has dropped over the seven years from majorities to minorities (56% to 45%, and 53% to 42%, respectively).

A total of 17,589 citizens across 17 countries were interviewed face-to-face or by telephone between December 2013 and end of February 2014. Countries polled included: Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Russia, South Korea, Spain, the UK, and the USA. Polling was conducted for BBC World Service by the international polling firm GlobeScan and its research partners in each country. In three of the countries (China, Indonesia, Kenya), the sample was limited to major urban areas. The margin of error per country ranges from +/- 2.9 to 4.9 per cent, 19 times out of 20.

For full methodology, question wording, and detailed results, including region-by-region data for all key questions, please see the drop-down links at the bottom of this article.

For more details, please visit www.GlobeScan.com as well as the GlobeScan Espresso Blog http://www.globescan.com/news-and-analysis/blog.html

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Participating Countries

In China, Indonesia, and Kenya urban samples were used.

Media Contacts

For media interviews with the participating pollsters, please contact:

Robin Miller, Manager, Communications, GlobeScan Mobile: +1 647 528 2767 robin.miller@globescan.com



About GlobeScan

GlobeScan is an international opinion research consultancy. We provide global organisations with evidence-based insight to help them set strategy and shape their communications. Companies, multilateral institutions, governments, and NGOs trust GlobeScan for our unique expertise across reputation management, sustainability, and stakeholder relations.

GlobeScan conducts research in over 90 countries and is a signatory to the UN Global Compact. Established in 1987, GlobeScan is an independent, management-owned company with offices in Toronto, London, and San Francisco. For more information, please visit: www.GlobeScan.com

About BBC World Service

BBC World Service is an international multimedia broadcaster, delivering a wide range of language and regional services on radio, TV, online and via wireless handheld devices. It uses multiple platforms to reach its weekly audience of 166 million globally, including shortwave, AM, FM, digital satellite and cable channels. Its news sites include audio and video content and offer opportunities to join the global debate. BBC World Service offers its multilingual radio content to partner FM stations around the world and has numerous partnerships supplying content to news websites, mobile phones and other wireless handheld devices as well as TV channels. For more information, visit: www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice

Backgrounder: Per-Country Charts

















Methodology In total 17,589 citizens in Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Russia, South Korea, Spain, the UK, and the United States were interviewed face-to-face or by telephone between December 17, 2013 and February 27, 2014. Questions were asked by half samples in all countries polled. Polling was conducted for BBC World Service by GlobeScan and its research partners in each country. In China, Indonesia, and Kenya urban samples were used. The margin of error per country ranges from +/- 2.9 to 4.9 per cent, 19 times out of 20. Country Sample Size (unweighted) Field dates Sample frame Survey methodology Type of sample Australia 806 January 13, 2014 – February 18, 2014 18+ Telephone National Canada 1004 January 10, 2014 – February 18, 2014 18+ Telephone National China 1000 January 14, 2014 – February 23, 2014 18+ Telephone Urban1

France 1004 January 20, 2014 – February 3, 2014 18+ Telephone National Germany 1004 January 21, 2014 – February 17, 2014 16-70 Telephone National India 1160 February 10, 2014 – February 22, 2014 18+ Face-to-face National Indonesia 1000 February 4, 2014 – February 27, 2014 18+ Face-to-face Urban2 Kenya 1010 February 4, 2014 – February 16, 2014 18+ Face-to-face Urban3 Mexico 800 February 22, 2014 – February 27, 2014 18+ Face-to-face National Nigeria 800 February 12, 2014 – February 20, 2014 18+ Face-to-face National Pakistan 2168 January 27, 2014 – February 15, 2014 18+ Face-to-face National Peru 1008 February 5, 2014 – February 12, 2014 18-70 Face-to-face National Russia 1021 January 24, 2014 – February 19, 2014 18+ Face-to-face National South Korea 1000 February 8, 2014 – February 11, 2014 19+ Telephone National Spain 800 December 17, 2014 – January 7, 2014 18+ Telephone National United Kingdom 1000 January 14, 2014 – February 22, 2014 18+ Telephone National USA 1004 January 10, 2014 – January 17, 2014 18+ Telephone National In China the survey was conducted in Beijing, Beiliu, Chengdu, Dujiangyan, Fenyang, Fuyang, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Manzhouli, Quanzhou, Qujing, Shanghai, Shenyang, Shuangcheng, Wuhan, Xi’an, Xining, and Zhengzhou, representing 45 per cent of the national adult population. In Indonesia the survey was conducted in Bandung, Jakarta, Makassar, Medan, and Surabaya, representing 27 per cent of the national adult population. In Kenya the survey was conducted in Kakamega, Kisumu, Machakos, Mombasa, Nairobi, Nakuru, and Nyeri, representing 45 per cent of the national adult population.

Research Partners Country Research Institute Location Contact Australia GlobeScan Toronto Robin Miller

robin.miller@globescan.com

+1 647 528 2767 Canada GlobeScan Toronto Robin Miller

robin.miller@globescan.com

+1 647 528 2767 China GlobeScan Toronto Robin Miller

robin.miller@globescan.com

+1 647 528 2767 France Efficience 3 Paris and Rheims Thierry Laurain

thierry.l@efficience3.com

+33 1 4316 5442 Germany Ri*QUESTA GmbH Teningen Bernhard Rieder

riquesta.rieder@t-online.de

+49 7641 93 43 36 India Team C Voter Noida Yashwant Deshmukh

yashwant@teamcvoter.com

+91 120 424 7135 Indonesia DEKA Marketing Research Jakarta Ratna Mulia Darmawan

ratna.darmawan@deka-research.co.id

+62 21 723 6901 Kenya Research Path Associates Ltd. Nairobi Charles Onsongo

charles.onsongo@rpa.co.ke

+254 20 2734770 Mexico Parametría Mexico City Francisco Abundis

fabundis@parametria.com.mx

+52 55 2614 0089 Nigeria Market Trends Lagos Jo Ebhomenye

joebhomenye@hotmail.com

+234 1734 7384 Pakistan Gallup Pakistan Islamabad Ijaz Shafi Gilani

isb@gallup.com.pk

+92 51 2655630 Peru Datum Lima Urpi Torrado

urpi@datum.com.pe

+511 215 0600 Russia CESSI Institute for Comparative Social Research Moscow Vladimir Andreenkov

vladimir.andreenkov@cessi.ru

+7 495 650 55 18 South Korea East Asia Institute Seoul Wonchil Chung

cwc@eai.or.kr

+82 2 2277 1683 Spain Sigma Dos Int. Madrid Petrana Valentinova

petrana@sigmados.com

+34 91 360 0474 United Kingdom Populus Data Solutions London Patrick Diamond

pdiamond@populusdatasolutions.com

+44 207 553 4148 USA GlobeScan Toronto Robin Miller

robin.miller@globescan.com

+1 647 528 2767