Time in Quantum Physics may be related to Phi. The Golden Ratio seems to be appearing in several places in the Quantum Physics Model. Because an electron has an electric charge and an intrinsic rotational motion, or spin, it behaves in some respects like a small bar magnet and is said to have a magnetic moment. Because the electron also has mass, it behaves in some respects like a spinning top, and is said to have spin angular momentum.

The g factor of the electron is defined as the ratio of its magnetic moment to its spin angular momentum. The electron g-factor is due to the stretching of space-time as the electron spins at the speed of light.

Mathematically, the electron g-factor is approximately:

gfactore = -2 / sin (Ø)

and the proton g-factor is approximately:

gfactorp = 2Ø / sin (1/Ø)

Thus it appears that the Golden Ratio, or Phi, is a constant produced by time.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) states these gfactor constants as per the table below.

gfactor electron gfactor proton Phi-based -2.0022334732293 5.5848781529840 Per NIST -2.0023193043718 5.5856947010000 Variance -0.004287% -0.014619%

While the phi-based approach is not exactly equal to the NIST constant, with quantum level constants, there will always be a difference between theoretical work and empirical work. This can be due to the irregularities in the metal of the test equipment, stray background radiations, or a host of other minute causes. The results of any empirical measurement always show some degree of statistical spread as a consequence.

Such constants are adjusted as new measuring techniques and better materials become available. So any theoretical value that is within one part in a thousand has scientific value. Even if the degree of accuracy of a constant is believed to be accurate to within one part in a billion this is true. The accuracy of one part in a billion could mean that a stable condition for a specific experiment configuration has been achieved, but that particular configuration could still be influencing the measurement to a small degree.

Insights on this page were contributed by David W. Thomson of the Quantum AetherDynamics Institute and are explored in more depth at his page athttp://www.16pi2.com/gfactor.htm.