"They are not taking into consideration any conversion or in-migration," said Cornwall, a sociologist at LDS Church-owned Brigham Young University who wrote an essay on women in Contemporary Mormonism: Social Science Perspectives. "They have no way of knowing whether the growing gap reflects migration patterns  professional men and women leave the state to look for jobs and, given the lower rates of professional women, that may mean that men are leaving the state as much as it means that they are leaving the [LDS] Church."