WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court on Monday refused to hear an appeal from an unidentified foreign corporation fighting a sealed grand jury subpoena issued by Robert S. Mueller III, the special counsel who investigated Russian interference in the 2016 election.

The court’s action means that the corporation must provide information to the special counsel or pay mounting financial penalties. It was not immediately clear whether the recently announced conclusion of Mr. Mueller’s investigation will affect the corporation’s obligations and liability. As is their custom, the justices gave no reason for turning away the appeal.

The case, In re Grand Jury Subpoena, No. 18-948, has been cloaked in secrecy. But redacted court rulings and Supreme Court briefs have provided a few hints, including that an unnamed foreign government, referred to in court papers as Country A, owns the corporation.

The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit rejected the corporation’s argument that it could not be forced to comply with the subpoena. The corporation had argued that federal courts have no jurisdiction over criminal cases involving foreign governments.