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The following filmstrip titled “Shelters, Covers and the Rules for Using Them” was released as a civil defense lessons workbook for pupils of the 5th grade of primary schools (10-11 years old) on request of the RSFSR (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) Ministry of Education in 1970. Source: humus. Copyright: Russian State Children’s Library (RGDB).

2. The structure of shelters.

3. Nuclear explosion can cause destruction in the city, fires

4. and radioactive contamination of the area.

5. Shelters are built to protect people from harsh effects of the explosion. The blast wave and falling fragments of buildings can’t destroy their strong overlap.

6. (Regular overlap: 22 and 40 cm. Shelter overlap: 40 and 60 cm). It is twice as thick as a regular overlap in houses and made of reinforced concrete.

7. (Emergency exit. Distance not less than half the height of the house. Height of the house). If the building is destroyed, you can use the emergency exit.

8. (Entrance. Tambour-gateway. Toilet. Filtering chamber. Room for people). Shelter layout.

9. (Open. Gasket. Closed). Strong protective-hermetic doors made of steel are installed at the shelter entrances. With the help of rubber gaskets and special locks, they tightly close the entrance to the room.

10. People in the shelter are placed on benches and plank beds.

11. The shelter has a toilet with a washbasin,

12. and in metal tanks – the supply of drinking water.

13. Shelters protect people not only from atomic, but also from chemical and bacteriological weapons.

14. (Oxygen. Inhale. Carbon dioxide. Exhale). As known, when breathing, people absorb oxygen from the air and exhale the air saturated with carbon dioxide.

15. (The level of carbon dioxide. Fatal. Dangerous. Allowed for several hours. Allowed for a long time). The accumulation of carbon dioxide inside the room is dangerous to humans. Therefore, fresh air from the street must be supplied to the shelter.

16. (Air. Device for protection against blast. Filter. Fan). Air is supplied to the shelter by a fan and passes through a filter that clears it of radioactive dust, toxic substances, and bacteria.

17. Then through pipes it is evenly distributed throughout all the rooms of the shelter.

18. The fan operates from the electric grid, and in the event of an accident – by manual drive.

19. The shelter receives light from the electric grid. If the electrical wiring of the house is destroyed, the shelter is lit by rechargeable flashlights.

20. (Sand. Clay). To eliminate accidents and damages, the shelter has the necessary tools and materials,

21. (Dosimetric device. Chemical reconnaissance device. Gas mask. Protective clothing) and for conducting reconnaissance on the surface of the earth – devices and protective clothing.

22. In peacetime, shelters are used as garages,

23. shooting ranges for sporting weapons,

24. warehouses, and for other purposes.

25. How to use shelters.

26. (Shelter). The shelter is quickly and in an orderly manner filled with people on the “Air-raid!” signal.

27. Shelter attendants place people and keep order. In the shelter it is forbidden to make noise, bring pets, bulky things, and flammable substances.

28. (Duty post at the entrance. Duty post at the fan). Equipment of shelters is operated by specially prepared units under the direction of the commandant of the shelter.

29. Covers.

30. Covers protect people from the radioactive radiation of precipitation falling on the ground during nuclear explosions.

31. (Layer of materials reducing radiation by half: concrete (10 cm), brick (14 cm), soil (14 cm), wood (30 cm)). Passing through various materials, the radioactive radiation decreases. The thicker the material layer and the greater its density, the more radiation is decreased.

32. (Backfilling with soil – 30 cm. Overlap. Stand for overlap reinforcement. Closing the opening). Potential covers: crawl spaces, basements,

33. (Exhaust vent. Backfilling with soil – 60 cm. Intake vent), cellars.

34. (Exhaust vent. Closing the opening). If there are no underground rooms, you can prepare and use a room on the ground floor

35. (Curtains. Backfilling with soil – 60 cm. Overlap made of logs. Exhaust vent) or build a cover outside the building using available materials: logs,

36. (Curtains. Backfilling with soil – 60 cm. Vaulted overlap made of brushwood or reed. Exhaust vent) brushwood, reed,

37. (Curtain. Backfilling with soil – 30 cm. Vaulted overlap made of adobe blocks. Exhaust vent) adobe blocks (made from clay with chopped straw).

38. (Gallery (entrance). Drift equipped as cover. Shaft of mine. Drift) Underground workings of mines can serve as reliable covers.

39. The End.

Tags: Soviet past

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