One obvious way to try to figure out what kind of social arrangements help or hurt African-Americans is to look around the country for places where they tend to do relatively better or worse.

From Wisconsin Public Radio:

Milwaukee Ranks No. 1, Racine Ranks No. 2 For Worst City For African Americans

By Alana Watson

Published: Friday, November 15, 2019, 4:45pm

For the third year in a row, Milwaukee and Racine are among the worst cities in the United States for African Americans to live, according to a recent report from a financial news company.

Black Americans in the two cities make half of the median income of white residents and are nearly 12 times more likely to be put in prison than their white counterparts, according to the report.

24/7 Wall St., a Delaware-based financial company that produces financial news, … created an index of eight different measurements, including education, income, health, incarceration and achievement gaps between whites and blacks to assess the race-based gaps in the nation’s metropolitan cities.

The rankings are as follows:

Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin

Racine, Wisconsin

Waterloo-Cedar Falls, Iowa

Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota

Danville, Illinois

Niles-Benton Harbor, Michigan

Peoria, Illinois

Rockford, Illinois

Springfield, Illinois

Rochester, New York

Syracuse, New York

Kankakee, Illinois

Jackson, Michigan

Atlantic City, New Jersey

Erie, Pennsylvania