Football Practice - how to get football fit John Shepherd explains how getting into real shape for football requires an amalgamation of training methods. You have to be powerful, quick, agile and flexible and have a 'good engine' Conditioning for football has travelled light-years in the last decade. Clubs are determined to get as much out of their multi-million-pound investments as they can. Sports science, therefore, plays a big part and players are subject to rigorous physiological assessment and testing. As a weekend warrior you will not have quite the same backup team to ensure your football fitness, but what can you do to achieve optimum condition? Warming up for football A recent survey indicated that hamstring strain rates were linked to the amount of static stretching Premiership footballer's performed. The more 'bend down and touch your toes and hold' type of stretching they did the more they were likely to strain their hamstrings in practice and matches. This may come as a surprise, but it should not when you consider the physical requirements of football. Players have to make repeated dynamic movements, such as sprints, jumps and turns. Research from Finland discovered that in the course of a season players could make 3900 jumps and 7000 turns, for example. These movements require dynamic muscular contractions; contractions that have little relevance to those involved in held stretches. Most top clubs now employ dynamic warm-ups, which place a much greater emphasis on active and football relevant dynamic mobility. Professor Angel Spassov is a conditioning expert, originally from Bulgaria who is now based in the States. He is a football specialist and has worked with six World Cup squads. The professor has put together a specific football warm-up. You should use and adapt it to your purposes if you want to avoid crying off with injuries that could be avoided. Spassov's warm-up involves both passive and active elements. For the passive part, he advises players to loosen their muscles 30-60 minutes before the game/training session, by rubbing their ankles, knees, all the leg muscles, lower back, neck and shoulders with a heating ointment, preferably one that is odourless and not too hot on the skin. The active warm-up that follows is divided into two parts: 1. General This begins with 6-8 minutes of jogging, followed by the neck, shoulder, lower back and abdominal stretches. There should be 2-3 different routines, with 10-12 repetitions of each. Next, legs (hamstrings, hip flexors, abductors, adductors, quads and calf muscles) are targeted with passive (held) and dynamic stretches (2-3 standard routines with 10-12 reps with performance speed increased every set for the dynamic stretches, such as leg swings). Next varying-intensity sprints are performed in different directions. At the end of this part of the warm-up, players' pulse rates should have reached 160-170 beats per minute. 2. Specific This begins with various kicks of the ball with both legs and various technical moves with the ball, such as dribbling and stopping the ball. These should progress to medium intensity and be performed with another player, then to high-intensity with players combining into groups to practice all the technical skills at the highest possible intensity and speed. Spassov's suggested warm-up makes great sense and should control players' progression to match readiness. With the early parts of the warm-up performed individually, players should be able to focus on their movements and progression and not be tempted to perform too dynamic movements before their muscles are fully prepared. Football speed All players require speed. Everything else being equal the faster you are the better player you will be. However, football speed is different to the speed required of a sprinter. Football speed is reactive and often unpredictable

The first step (linear or rotational) could make all the difference to getting past an opponent or close enough to make a winning tackle.

A skill will often have to be performed from the basis of speed, tackles, headers, passes, shots and so on

Although elite players play on pitches that could support a game of bowls many of us will not be so lucky. Muddy, undulating surfaces will impair speed generation.

A sprint may be needed when you are 'blowing hard' (see developing football endurance later) Your training must reflect the above considerations. Use these practices to improve your football speed: Turn and sprint drill

Players stand on the halfway line, to a command they turn and sprint 10m. Repeat 6 times taking 30 seconds' recovery between efforts whilst varying the turn direction

Run at three-quarter pace for to a ball placed 20m away. Dribble it and swerve around a cone and pass after a further 15m. Repeat 6 times with 40 seconds' recovery between each effort

'Speed dribble' over 30m (from standing: simply dribble as fast as you can in a straight line). Repeat 6 times with 1-minute recovery between each effort

Floor ladder drills You may have seen players performing various drills through floor ladders on TV. These exercises are designed to improve, speed, agility and reactive ability. They will positively affect your neuromuscular system if used over time so that you will be able to get your legs moving that bit quicker. There are hundreds of permutations that can be used with one or more ladders. Here are some examples: One foot in each rung (use a low knee lift and concentrate on foot speed, driving your arms backwards and forwards) Step sideways through the ladder. Keep low and light on the ground Run back through the ladder one rung at a time - use your calf muscles and ankles to generate your speed and do not forget to coordinate your arms with your legs As (I) above but on exiting the floor ladder take control of a ball dribble 10m around a cone and speed dribble back to the start Improve your first step Incline your trunk forwards and piston your legs back behind you whilst pumping your arms backwards and forwards as fast as you can. Look at Christiano Ronaldo, the Manchester United and Portugal player, and how he modifies this sprinting skill when dribbling. Practice! Developing power for football Footballers are athletes in every sense of the word. All will resistance train. Their training plans will involve bodyweight, weights and plyometric (jumping) exercises. Weight training will provide foundation strength for more specific football condition, such as speed, to be built on. Key weight training exercises for football include Squats, lunges, leg extensions and leg curls (with the latter, concentrate on the lowering phase of the movement to reduce potential hamstring strain). Lift a medium to heavyweight (70-80% of 1RM) using 6-10 reps over 2-4 sets. Everything else being equal a larger muscle will be more powerful and enduring. Can weight training make you a net buster? Research has indicated that improving kicking power directly through weight training or other means is unlikely to produce positive results when it comes to greater kicking power. You will get greater returns by working on your technique. However, greater muscle power can significantly improve other aspects of play, such as your leap and sprinting and injury resilience. Bodyweight exercises The dreaded 'burpee' (squat thrust with a jump at the end) still has a place in football conditioning, as do other bodyweight moves, such as press-ups and sit-ups. Put them into a circuit that lasts (with recoveries) 20 minutes and also contains ball skills and you are onto a winner. Incorporating 'keepy-uppy' and short distance passes between players in a circuit will condition-specific power and skill endurance - the ability to perform a precision skill under conditions of fatigue is crucial for football players. The core Pay particular attention to core strengthening exercises, such as crunches and 'chinnies' (alternate knee to elbow sit-ups), hyper (back) extensions and the plank. A strong and dynamic core is required to maintain player solidity on the ball and reduce injury. Football specific core strength exercise - sit-up with a header Sit on the floor with knees bent to a 90-degree angle as per normal sit-up. You will need a partner who should carefully toss a football toward you as you reach the top of your sit-up. At this point, you head the ball back to him. You then control the descent of your body as it returns to the floor. Complete 10 over 4 sets swapping positions with your partner. Football specific circuit Perform at a '20 seconds on 30 seconds' off basis - Press-ups, squat jumps, crunch, keepy-uppy, simulated headers (alternating left, double, and right foot leaps from a static or one stride approach), the plank, wall passes over 5m alternating left to right foot strikes, burpees, chinnies, single-leg squats, sit-ups with header (see above), 10m sprints (back and forwards), floor ladder drill Developing football endurance Forget the 10-mile runs; football is an anaerobic (stop/start) activity. You will be much better off performing various pace running repetitions over distances from 10m to 100m with short recoveries. Some workout examples: 20 minutes of jogging, sprinting, walking and half speed and three quarter paced runs. Coach (or the fittest player taking part) determines the distance to be run and the recovery by calling out, for example, '20m sprint, walk 40m three-quarter pace run, jog back' and so on. This drill should be contained within one half of the pitch.

Pass and sprint drill - Two players stand 10m apart. They perform 20 alternate left to right leg passes and then turn in opposite directions to sprint 10m around a cone and back to the start position to perform another set of passes. Take 30 seconds' recovery and repeat 5 times.

Players perform 20 press-ups and 20 squats on one goal line, jog to the centre circle to collect the ball, sprint dribble toward the other goal and then shoot from just outside the penalty area (keeper optional). Repeat 5 times with jog back recovery between efforts. Use these practices and drills in your pre-season training and maintain your fitness with them in-season and you will be challenging for the title (whatever your level) come next spring. Article Reference This article first appeared in: SHEPHERD, J. (2007) Football Practice - how to get football fit. Brian Mackenzie's Successful Coaching, (ISSN 1745-7513/ 47/ November), p. 11-12 Page Reference If you quote information from this page in your work then the reference for this page is: SHEPHERD, J. (2007) Football Practice - how to get football fit [WWW] Available from: https://www.brianmac.co.uk/articles/scni47a5.htm [Accessed About the Author John Shepherd is a specialist health, sport and fitness writer and a former international long jumper Related Pages The following Sports Coach pages provide additional information on this topic: Coaching Articles

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