Taj Mahal could collapse within five years because wooden foundations are rotting



The Taj Mahal will collapse within five years unless urgent action is taken to shore up its foundations, campaigners have warned.

The 358-year-old marble mausoleum is India’s most famous tourist attraction, bringing four million visitors a year to the northern city of Agra.

But the river crucial to its survival is being blighted by pollution, industry and deforestation.

In danger: The Taj Mahal, near Agra in India. Experts have said it could be in danger of collapsing within five years because its wooden foundations are rotting

Campaigners believe the foundations have become brittle and are disintegrating.



Cracks appeared last year in parts of the tomb, and the four minarets which surround the monument are showing signs of tilting.

The Taj Mahal was built by Mogul emperor Shah Jahan, who was grief-stricken by the death of his wife Mumtaz Mahal in childbirth.

Its romantic image has attracted film stars and royalty, including Princess Diana, who posed in front of the building after the breakdown of her marriage to Prince Charles.

A campaign group of historians, environmentalists and politicians say time is running out to prevent a 'looming crisis'.

Architectural wonder: The 358-year-old tomb is built on mahogany post foundations sunk into wells fed by the nearby Yamuna River. That river has now run dry, and cracks appeared in the walls last year

Ramshankar Katheria, the MP for Agra who is leading the campaign, said: 'If the crisis is not tackled on a war-footing, the Taj Mahal will cave in between two and five years.



'The architectural wonder of the world is losing its shine, and if this persists the minarets may also collapse since the wooden foundation - beneath the wells - is rotting due to lack of water.

'No one has been allowed to go into the foundations for the last three decades. If everything is fine, what have they got to hide?'

Professor Ram Nath, a historian who is one of the world's leading authorities on the Taj, said: 'The Taj stands just on the edge of the river Yamuna which has now dried up.



'This was never anticipated by its builders. The river is a constituent of its architectural design and if the river dies, the Taj cannot survive.'



Attraction: The Taj Mahal, built by Mogul emperor Shah Jahan after the death of his wife Mumtaz Mahal in childbirth, gets around four million visitors a year

The Yamuna River has fallen victim to India's soaring growth.



Large numbers of businesses draw water from the Yamuna upstream of the Taj.



Pollution has increased as trees have been cut down to make way for new roads.



The trees also protected the city from the worst effects of regular dust storms which now blow over the Taj unimpeded.

Mr Katheria said: 'The Taj has been enveloped by a smokescreen of dust for the past few years.



'Every year, the water level is coming down by five feet, raising fears of turning the entire area barren.



'Besides, there is an acute shortage of drinking water in Agra. Around 70 per cent of the population is drinking impure water, and consequently suffering from several health hazards.'

The Taj is built on a raised platform on top of a hillock, which is based on wells underneath.



The four 40ft high minarets balance the platform, and are designed to tilt slightly outwards, to prevent them crashing on top of the tomb in an earthquake.



Mr Katheria said around £71million is needed to construct a barrage on the river.



Environmental campaigners also believe a tree-planting campaign and a water pipeline may improve the situation.



The sinking water level is also affecting India's capital, New Delhi, which is at risk of suffering water shortages.



The Indian government has set up body to deal with the Taj Mahal's preservation.



Officials connected with eight projects say the national and state governments are now working together to deal with the issue.



BB Awasthi, regional officer of the Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board, said: 'These projects have been held up since 2003 for want of funds.'

