Industry Information

Date of publication：2020/2/21 17:21:36

At the beginning of 2020, the novel coronavirus (

) came furiously. The impact of this epidemic that has swept the country on the Chinese economy is unavoidable, but this will only be temporary. The fundamentals of the Chinese economy and the long-term positive trend will not be changed by this epidemic. We have the ability to minimize the impact of the epidemic on the economy. Now, let's learn more about the novel coronavirus (

).



Q1: What is the novel coronavirus (COVID-19)

?



A: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses. They can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV). Some transmit easily from person to person while others do not. The

is a new strain of the virus that has not been previously identified in humans.

China determined that a novel coronavirus (referred to as

Q2: What is the source of the COVID-19?

Q3: Is COVID-19 the same as the SARS virus or MERS?

Q4: How is COVID-19 transmitted?

Q5: How contagious is COVID-19?

Q6: What is the incubation period of the onset?

Q7: What are the symptoms?

Q8: Are the critical rates and mortality high?

Q9: What treatments are currently available?

Q10: How do individuals prevent infection by the virus?

Q11: When will the vaccine be available?

Q12: Is it safe to receive a letter or a package from China?



A: Yes, it is safe. People receiving packages from China are not at risk of contracting the new coronavirus. From previous analysis, we know coronaviruses do not survive long on objects, such as letters or packages.

) is responsible for the outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan. Authorities in China and worldwide are conducting further investigations to better understand where the disease came from, how it is spread and the clinical severity of illness in humans.Articles published by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and other scientific institutions in the Chinese Medical Journal (English version) show that the similarity of the COVID-19 to the known coronavirus is less than 90%, which is judged to be a previously unknown new virus . The newly discovered strain contains ORF3 and the complete ORF8 gene region, which is the characteristic sequence of bat-derived coronavirus.As for the intermediate host between bat and human, there is no answer yet. However, a number of studies have shown that the South China Seafood Market may not be the only source of the new crown virus.On January 31, a biopreprinted website bioRxiv published a paper by researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, claiming that the new crown virus inserted a structural fragment of the HIV gene, which is impossible in nature, suggesting that it is an artificial virus. This claim has been unanimously criticized by scientists around the world, and an article published in Science the same day called it "conspiracy theory." bioRxiv quickly retracted the manuscript. At present, the scientific community generally believes that this is a virus from nature.No. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not the same coronavirus that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, but is similar in that it is causing respiratory illness.Shanghai health and epidemic prevention experts emphasized that there are three main routes of transmission of COVID-19: direct transmission, aerosol transmission and contact transmission.Direct transmission refers to infections caused by inhalation of droplets from patients' sneezing, coughing, and talking;Aerosol transmission refers to the mixing of droplets in the air to form aerosols that cause infection after inhalation;Contact transmission refers to the deposition of droplets on the surface of an article. When a person touches it by hand, he then touches the mucous membranes such as the mouth, nose, and eyes, causing infection. such as elevator buttons. If other people's hands touch their own eyes, mouths, etc., they may also be infected.On January 25, a report published by Imperial College British College of Technology on the Transmissibility of COVID-19 showed that without effective containment measures, each patient could be infected with 1.5 to 3.5 people. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia published in the New England Journal of Medicine on January 30, estimates that existing patients passed the infection to another 2.2 people on average.On January 31st, The Lancet published a result from the research team of the University of Hong Kong. It is believed that the RO (basic number of infections) of COVID-19 is 2.68 at the baseline situation, which means that an average patient or carrier can be transmitted to 2.68 people.In general,, which is less than the 3.1-4.2 of SARS virus (Hong Kong). So why the case growth in China has exceeded the increase rate of SARS in 2003? This may be due to the faster transmission cycle and more insidious transmission of the COVID-19. Another important reason is that China's population moved much faster than in 2003. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia published in the New England Journal of Medicine on January 30, shows that most people infected will develop the disease within 7 days, with an estimated average incubation period of 5.2 days. Researchers in the Netherlands said that of the 34 confirmed cases, the average incubation period was about 5.8 days. In another report in the New England Journal of Medicine, a 27-year-old Vietnamese guy was infected by his father who had been to Wuhan, and the incubation period was only 3 days.In the Novel Coronavirus Situation Report-7, WHO predicts that the virus's incubation period is approximately 2 to 10 days. Officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the USA estimated that the incubation period was 2 to 14 days.Studies have found that there may be "asymptomatic infections", but there is still controversy over "asymptomatic transmission", and it is unclear whether the severity of the disease will affect the difficulty of transmitting the virus. On February 1, WHO stated on Twitter: " Asymptomatic 2019nCoV infection may be rare, and transmission from an asymptomatic person is very rare with other coronaviruses, as we have seen with MERS. Thus, transmission from asymptomatic cases is likely not a major driver of transmission".The Novel Coronavirus Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Fourth Edition) released by the National Health and Medical Commission showed that the main manifestations were fever, fatigue, and dry cough. A few patients have symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, and diarrhea. In severe cases, dyspnea occurs more than a week later, and even progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, irreformable metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction. Severe and critically ill patients can have moderate to low fever, even without obvious fever.A paper published in the Lancet on January 24, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China found that common symptoms at the time of onset are fever (98%), cough (76%), and fatigue or muscle Soreness (44%), with an average of 8 days from onset to dyspnea.The first patient in the United States initially presented with a mild cough and low intermittent fever with a history of nausea and vomiting two days before admission. Symptoms of thin stools and repeated fevers appeared after admission. On the 4th day of the disease, the X-ray film showed no signs of pneumonia, but on the 9th day of the disease (the fifth day of hospitalization), the X-ray film showed pneumonia under the left lung lobe, and the oxygen saturation decreased to 90%. The patient developed symptoms of dyspnea. This suggests that the early symptoms of the disease are much like a cold, but that outbreaks of pneumonia occur in the process.On February 4th, Jiao Yahui, deputy director of the Medical and Health Care Administration Bureau of the Chinese Health and Medical Commission, said that as of 24:00 on February 3rd, the nationwide case fatality rate was 2.1%. The fatality rate of confirmed cases in Hubei Province is 3.1%, and the fatality rate of confirmed cases in Wuhan is 4.9%. If Hubei is excluded, the fatality rate in other provinces is 0.16%. According to Michael Ryan, WHO's executive director of health emergencies, the 2% case fatality rate remains a tricky case fatality rate compared to the case fatality rate of seasonal flu or other diseases.A retrospective study published January 29 in The Lancet showed that COVID-19 infection is more likely to affect older men with comorbidities, and that older age, obesity and comorbidities may be associated with increased mortality.Although no conclusion can be reached on the mortality rate, the academic community generally believes that the mortality rate of this virus is much lower than the other two coronaviruses: MERS with a mortality rate of one third and SARS with a mortality rate of about one tenth. From a clinical perspective, MERS and SARS appear to be more damaging to lung tissue.According to the current diagnosis and treatment plan announced by the Chinese Health Commission, in addition to routine medical examinations and monitoring, patients can be treated with antivirals. In the early stages of the disease, alpha-interferon nebulization can be tried, or lopinavir / ritonavir can be used. If patients have lung problems, use glucocorticoids as appropriate in the short term; avoid blind or inappropriate use of antibacterial drugs, especially the combination of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. Strengthen bacteriological surveillance, and timely apply antibacterial drugs when there is evidence of secondary bacterial infection.Among them, lopinavir / ritonavir is a compound anti-HIV preparation.Treatment of the first case in the United States before lung inflammation was largely supportive. After inflammation of the lungs, he started to treat with vancomycin and cefepime, and started to take oxygen. On the seventh day of admission, the attending physician injected Remdesivir intravenously into the patient, which improved his breathing and increased blood oxygenation.Remdesivir is a new nucleotide analog prodrug that is being developed for use against Ebola virus and has been shown to be active against SARS and MERS viral pathogens in previous clinical trials.Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology Wang Wei said on February 2 that three therapeutic drugs have been initially screened, which can effectively inhibit the replication of the new coronavirus at the cellular level, and its role in the human body remains to be clinically tested. Currently reported drugs include Abidol, Fapilavir, and Chloroquine Phosphate. According to statistics, there are currently 31 clinical trials registered in the China Clinical Trial Center.Related Article: Nature Reviews: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Treatment Options First, wear ordinary medical masks. 82% of the droplets produced by the cough were concentrated at 0.74 and -2.12 microns.Second, pay attention to the etiquette of sneezing. Sneeze should be covered with a thicker tissue (or multiple layers). In case there is no tissue or it is too late to take the tissue, bury your head in your arms and cover your mouth and nose with a sleeve to sneeze.Third, wash your hands frequently, and wash them a little longer. It takes at least 20 seconds to froth your hands. Try to avoid touching your face and rubbing your eyes.An article published by the NCBI shows that researchers have studied the genome of COVID-19 and found proteins that are essential for infection. Scientists from the Australian National Institutes of Health and at least three companies are developing alternative vaccines.Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said, "If we do not encounter any unforeseen obstacles, we can conduct a phase 1 trial within the next three months. After the initial trial, it may be necessary Extensive testing over months or even years to prove that the vaccine is safe and effective. In the best case, the vaccine may be open to the public in a year. "