Carl Jung developed psychological types based on the four functions (Feeling, Thinking, iNtuition and Sensing) and the two attitudes (Extraversion and Introversion). (There is, in my experience, a good deal of confusion, especially among those without some grounding in psychological type, about the nature of these functions and attitudes. The words don't necessarily mean what we expect them to mean, and caution should be used in applying common usage to these terms if this system is to be of value in the understanding of basic temperaments.)

In this system there are eight basic types, each designated by its dominant (defining, controlling, pre-eminent) function:

Symbol Jungian Type Myers-Briggs Types Fe Extraverted Feeling ESFJ ENFJ Fi Introverted Feeling ISFP INFP Ne Extraverted Intuition ENFP ENTP Ni Introverted Intuition INFJ INTJ Se Extraverted Sensing ESFP ESTP Si Introverted Sensing ISFJ ISTJ Te Extraverted Thinking ESTJ ENTJ Ti Introverted Thinking ISTP INTP

Jung developed these types within a mental illness model. He spoke of functions being dominant, auxiliary, tertiary and inferior. The 16 types popularized through the MBTI reflect each of Jung's eight types subdivided by auxiliary (secondary) functions.

Of the four functions, two (Feeling and Thinking) are the rational, or deciding, functions. The other two (Sensing and iNtuition) are the irrational (non-conclusive/perceiving) functions. If an individual has a dominant rational function, one of the irrational functions is always auxiliary. Likewise, dominant N (irrational) would have an F or T (rational) function. Third and fourth functions are mirror-images of the first and second. For example, if Sensing is first and Thinking is secondary, Feeling (the opposite of Thinking) must be tertiary, and iNtuition (Sensing's opposite) would be fourth.

There are two schools of thought concerning the attitude, or direction of energy flow, of each function within a given type. Some believe that if the dominant function is Introverted, the other three will be Extraverted; likewise, an Extravert's non-dominant functions are all Introverted. Others think that the attitude alternates from first to fourth position as I/E/I/E for Introverts and E/I/E/I for Extraverts. The functional analyses in our profiles follow the latter alternating pattern.

In summary, the sixteen types in four-function terminology are:

Dominant Auxiliary Tertiary Inferior ESFJ ISFJ ESTJ ISTJ Fe Si Te Si Si Fe Si Te Ne Ti Ne Fi Ti Ne Fi Ne ENFJ INFJ ENFP INFP Fe Ni Ne Fi Ni Fe Fi Ne Se Ti Te Si Ti Se Si Te Dominant Auxiliary Tertiary Inferior ESFP ISFP ESTP ISTP Se Fi Se Ti Fi Se Ti Se Te Ni Fe Ni Ni Te Ni Fe ENTJ INTJ ENTP INTP Te Ni Ne Ti Ni Te Ti Ne Se Fi Fe Si Fi Se Si Fe

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