CAIRO — Two Egyptian courts on Saturday sentenced to prison 152 people who took part in a street protest last month, in a sharp escalation of a campaign by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to suppress political dissent in the country.

The protesters, who had been demonstrating against the transfer of two Red Sea islands to Saudi Arabia, received sentences of between two and five years, according to public prosecutors and defense lawyers. Also, fines of 100,000 Egyptian pounds apiece — about $11,260 at the official exchange rate or $9,000 at the parallel rate — were levied against 101 of those convicted.

The tough sentences come at a time when Mr. Sisi has appeared unnerved by a sudden wave of criticism over Egypt’s faltering economy, and has become intolerant toward even playful opponents.

On Monday, the police arrested five members of a satirical performance group who posted videos online that mocked Mr. Sisi. They joined a wave of writers, poets and activists jailed since January. The government has also barred prominent human rights campaigners from leaving the country or has frozen their assets.