Ahead of its plan to phase out diesel buses in favour of completely electric buses, the NITI Aayog has approved the use of hybrid buses in India. Hybrid buses can run on both electricity as well as regular fuel. While the Birhanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport (BEST) undertaking in Mumbai has decided to procure hybrid buses running on electricity and diesel, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) got hybrid buses running on electricity and compressed natural gas (CNG).

Hybrid buses act as a stepping stone towards achieving completely electric buses and reduce vehicular emissions, while offering a better and more comfortable ride. Some buses feature batteries that can be recharged using ‘regenerative braking’, which allows batteries to charge themselves using the power lost while braking. Hybrid buses are also cheaper than completely electric buses, with BEST's bus costing Rs 1.7 crore as opposed to the Rs 2.7 crore that the Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) was ready to spend for a fleet of fully electric buses.

Also Read: How Indian Cities Can Shift From Diesel To Electric Buses

Straddled Bus

While it is not really clear what the Aayog is referring to by straddled bus (some sources have referred to it as Stadler Bus), the straddled bus concept, which was proposed in China last year is an elevated bus concept that goes over regular traffic.

Freight Rail Road

Again, another unclear concept, it could possibly refer to roads being used for freight truck-trains or setting up dedicated freight corridors.

Of these new proposals, hybrid buses are currently the most feasible ones, simply because they are already in use. Further, the cost of investment for buses, even an electric one, is low compared to a Metro rail or a pod taxi system. Additionally, buses are flexible and can be procured and used for the short, medium and long term unlike the others which require dedicated investment and are purely long-term projects.

Pod taxis, by virtue of being personal rapid transit projects have a comparatively small carrying capacity unlike larger projects like a metro or a monorail. They can, however be used for short distance trips within localities and connect to other forms of transport such as a metro station or bus station.

The Hyperloop on the other hand is very futuristic. We really don’t know how it will fare unless a commercial prototype is developed. While Hyperloop One is close to doing so, getting it to India is still a while away.

Along with this, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to lay the foundation stone for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor, also known as the Bullet Train in September 2017 when Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is set to visit India.