Should You Bank Your Kid’s Teeth for Stem Cells?

When Karen Davis attended a presentation at a dental conference in 2013, she unexpectedly discovered a service that could help her daughter, Madeline: storing stem cells derived from her teeth that potentially could be used in the future to treat her Crohn’s disease.

"Even though this isn’t a viable option today, I know how rapidly things can change."

Throughout high school, Madeline suffered from the painful autoimmune disorder, which wreaks havoc on the gastrointestinal system and can lead to life-threatening complications. “I leave no stone unturned when it comes to medical care and this resonated with me,” says Davis, a Dallas-based dental hygienist who was encouraged by advances in stem cell research. Later that year, when Madeline got her wisdom teeth extracted, Davis shipped them off to the Store-A-Tooth company in Massachusetts, where they will be kept frozen until needed. “Even though this isn’t a viable option today, I know how rapidly things can change,” says Davis. “To me, this was a worthwhile investment—I didn’t want to miss out on an opportunity that would provide a pathway to a cure.”

Karen Davis pictured with her daughter Madeline. (Courtesy of Karen Davis)

The process itself was straightforward. Madeline’s newly extracted wisdom teeth–baby teeth can be saved, too—were bathed in a special solution, loaded into a Styrofoam container lined with cold packs and sent to the stem cell company. There, a team harvested the dental stem cells from the pulp, then grew them in culture and cryogenically preserved them. Store-A-Tooth charges $1500-1749 for tooth collection and $120 per year for storage, while other dental pulp stem cell tissue banks cost $500-$600 upfront and in the $120 range annually for storage. The rationale here is that if you missed out on banking your baby’s umbilical cord blood, this gives you another chance to harvest their stem cells. “If their child later develops an illness that could be managed or even cured with stem cell therapy, this is an insurance policy,” says Amr Moursi, DDS, PhD, chair of the department of pediatric dentistry at New York University College of Dentistry. But is there a genuine potential here for some effective treatments in the relatively near future—or is this just another trendy fad? Scientific opinion is decidedly mixed. Stem cells have been heralded as the next frontier in medicine because of their versatility: with a little chemical coaxing, they can be transformed into different cell types, such as heart, blood or brain cells, to create tissue that can mend damaged body parts. Because they’re taken from your own body, there’s little chance of rejection, which means patients don’t have to take strong antirejection drugs that can have all sorts of unpleasant side effects for the rest of their lives. However, while stem cells are immature cells found in different tissues, ranging from abdominal fat to bone marrow, there is a vast difference between the stem cells found in cord blood and in teeth. Cord blood, which is culled from the umbilical cord when a baby is born, contains what are called hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which can mature into other blood cells. These type of stem cells have already been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat patients—especially children–with blood cancers, such as leukemias and lymphomas, and certain blood disorders like sickle cell anemia. In contrast, stem cells in teeth are called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are found in dental pulp, the tissue in the center of the tooth that’s filled with nerves and blood vessels. MSCs are adult stem cells normally found in the bone marrow that can transform into bone, fat, and cartilage cells, and also aid in the formation of blood stem cells.

"Right now we just don’t have rigorous evidence that they can be used in that fashion and have real benefit."