Two years after their expulsion, hundreds of thousands of Rohingya remain in refu­gee camps in Bangladesh, with no clear timeline for their repatriation to Myanmar, nor a plan to address their grievances should they return.

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“The revenue the military earns from domestic and foreign business deals substantially enhances its ability to carry out gross violations of human rights with impunity,” the U.N. fact-finding mission behind the report said in a news release. It pinpointed 140 companies owned or controlled by the military.

A Myanmar military spokesman did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

The U.N. mission is mandated to investigate human rights violations by the Myanmar military and called a year ago for military leaders to be investigated for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. On Monday, it called for an arms embargo on Myanmar, which is also known as Burma, and sanctions against the military.

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The United States recently imposed a visa ban on Myanmar’s military chief, Min Aung Hlaing, and his deputy. Washington, along with the European Union and Canada, has also imposed economic sanctions on lower-ranking Myanmar generals and troops.

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“We’d like to see action extended to full economic sanctions, targeted against the people who lead the military and the military as an institution,” said Chris Sidoti, a member of the U.N. mission.

The Myanmar military, known as the Tatmadaw, exercised total rule over the country until 2011, when it gave way to a military-backed government. The country held democratic elections in 2015 in which Aung San Suu Kyi rose to power as the de facto leader of a civilian government, but the military continues to hold significant sway over parliament, key ministries and the economy.

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It also controls two conglomerates, the Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings and the Myanmar Economic Corp. Min Aung Hlaing, the military leader, is the chairman of the first conglomerate.

The 2015 elections prompted the United States, under President Barack Obama, to drop long-standing economic sanctions against the country that were meant to chip away at the dominance of the military leaders and their affiliates. But the atrocities against the Rohingya in 2017 again relegated Myanmar to pariah status, and Western businesses have largely steered clear.

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The U.N. report highlights the complicity of some of the companies formerly on the sanctions list, which still maintain close ties with the military, in the crackdown against the Rohingya in Myanmar’s Rakhine state. After the purge began in August 2017, the report says, Min Aung Hlaing held ceremonies to solicit donations “in support of the Tatma­daw’s military and other activities in northern Rakhine against the Rohingya.”

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“During these meetings, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing made statements describing the conduct of the Tatmadaw in northern Rakhine, outlined the policy and military objectives of the ‘clearance operations,’ denied the existence of the Rohingya and advanced justifications for the Tatmadaw’s acts,” the report says. The ceremonies yielded more than $10 million in donations.

The report highlights continued cooperation between North Korea and Myanmar, a long-standing relationship that was meant to have ended once the Southeast Asian country started liberalizing after six decades of isolation. The report notes that Myanmar has probably purchased a range of weapons, including rocket launchers and ­surface-to-air missiles, from one of North Korea’s primary arms traders, the Korea Mining Development Trading Corp. The company is subject to U.N. Security Council sanctions.

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“Arms relationships are very much a part of this long-standing relationship between these two countries,” Sidoti said. “The [Myanmar] military has shown very little sign of change, and it seems to be quite clear that it is still involved in arms trade with North Korea.”

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The U.S. government has faced pressure from human rights groups to impose harsher sanctions on Myanmar. Rights groups say the visa ban on Min Aung Hlaing still falls short and will neither lead to accountability nor hurt the military’s revenue streams.

Support for the military and its Rohingya campaign remains high in Myanmar, and many within the country believe the international community’s response has been disproportionate. On Saturday, protesters demonstrated against the U.S. visa ban, and the U.S. Embassy in Yangon warned staff to avoid the area.

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“Americans, get out!” the protesters shouted. A former member of parliament, Hla Swe, who also served in the military, appeared onstage in full tactical gear and denounced Suu Kyi and her government for not condemning the sanctions.

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“We are ready to defend our country from outsiders!” Hla Swe shouted.