Charlize Theron’s March 8 appearance on “Hot Ones” wasn’t her typical talk-show guest spot. “I hate my tongue right now. If I could pull it out, I would,” the Oscar-winning actress said near the end, her eyes watering after she yelled obscenities at a bottle of hot sauce.

Guests on “Hot Ones” regularly freak out—and give candid interviews to audiences in the millions. On the program, which posts a new episode online every Thursday morning, host Sean Evans asks celebrities about their careers while together they eat 10 progressively...