NEW DELHI—The new coronavirus has wreaked havoc on traditional spring weddings, leaving legions of couples the world over disappointed as celebrations are postponed or canceled. Perhaps nowhere has the economic fallout been worse than India.

The world’s fifth-largest economy, the South Asian nation has the second-largest wedding-services industry, trailing only the U.S. in spending on everything from matchmaking to makeup. The $57 billion that consultant KPMG estimates Indians drop annually on about 12 million weddings supports...