According to Frankel's office, as of today more than one billion women across the world are left out from the formal financial system, which in turn hampers economic growth. But research shows that by advancing women's rights and gender equality, we could add between $12 trillion and $28 trillion to the global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2025. (The McKinsey Global Institute has said the former scenario would happen if "all countries match the rate of improvement of the fastest-improving country in their region," while the latter ambitiously proposes that "women play an identical role in labor markets to that of men.")