• A reduction in the lifetime pensions allowance from £1.25 million to £1 million

• Giving five million pensioners with annuities the right to cash them in from April next year

• Raising the personal allowance to £11,000, giving 27 million people a £200 tax cut

• A £40 million fund to repair church and cathedral roofs

• A review of the business rates scheme, which will report back in early 2016, and could lead to high-street prices falling

• An increase from £5,000 to £8,000 a year in the amount in small cash donations on which charities can claim a gift aid top-up

• Loans of up to £25,000 for PhD students in an attempt to convince people to take up postgraduate research

• Measures to ensure that widows and widowers of police or firemen killed in the line of duty will not lose their survivors’ pension if they remarry