Over 100 million barrels of storage in Caribbean; fresh hurricanes threaten refineries, storage facilities

Monster Hurricane Irma has shut down oil terminals across the northern Caribbean, worsening a fuel supply crunch in Latin America, which is struggling to meet demand since Hurricane Harvey disrupted shipments from the U.S. Gulf Coast last month.

Latin America had been scrambling for almost two weeks to find cargoes because of Harvey, which caused massive flooding in Texas and Louisiana, shutting down oil ports, refineries and production platforms.

Threat to refineries, storage facilities

Irma, which is being followed by hurricanes in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, is threatening Caribbean refineries, terminals and storage facilities.

The U.S. National Hurricane Center has said Irma is the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic Ocean and one of the five most forceful storms to hit the Atlantic basin in 82 years.

More than 100 million barrels of storage is available in the Caribbean, which is crucial for those nations because of limited ability to refine crude, and also as supply for South American nations including Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia.

Several oil trading firms had moved a portion of their U.S. fuel inventories to the Caribbean ahead of Harvey so they could keep selling cargoes to Latin America, traders from two companies told Reuters.

Those barrels are locked in terminals in St. Eustatius, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, as Irma, a Category 5 storm with winds of 185 mph (295 kph), was expected to hammer the region for several more days as it moves west-northwest.

Bad weather at a bad time

“Irma is arriving at a bad moment. Not all oil storage facilities in the Caribbean have closed, but vessel traffic is difficult in the middle of the storm. It will get worse before getting any better,” said a trader from an oil firm that rents tanks in St. Croix.

U.S.-based Buckeye Partners, the largest owner of oil storage facilities in the Caribbean, with 41.1 million barrels of capacity, said on Wednesday it shut its Yabucoa terminal in Puerto Rico.

On Thursday, it will close Borco, its largest terminal in the Bahamas that can store up to 26 million barrels of oil and other products, by the end of the day, a source familiar with terminal operations said.

NuStar Energy on Tuesday closed its 13-million-barrel Statia terminal on the small island of St. Eustatius.

Firms leasing tanks in closed terminals in St. Eustatius, St. Croix and Puerto Rico include traders Vitol, Glencore, Novum Energy and Freepoint Commodities, and Venezuela's state-run PDVSA, China’s Sinopec and Russia’s Rosneft, according to the sources and Reuters vessel data.

Longer-term consequences

As traders worry about Irma’s impact on inventories, others see longer-term potential consequences from this or other storms, as both Jose, now in the Atlantic Ocean, and Katia, off Mexico’s coast, strengthened to hurricanes on Wednesday.

“If a hurricane with Irma’s intensity strikes a terminal tank farm, the force of the storm at the eye wall will have destructive impact on the storage tanks, which are typically not designed to withstand those forces,” said Ernie Barsamian, chief executive officer of the Tank Tiger, a terminal storage clearinghouse.

Mexican state-run oil company Pemex said on Wednesday that its facilities were not in danger so far, but it was monitoring Katia’s path to decide if further action was needed.

Desperate buyers

Fuel importers such as Mexico and Brazil have secured supplies in recent days from the U.S. East Coast, Europe and the Caribbean, according to traders, regulators and oil firms.

But those options are running short amid growing regional demand and limited offers from Texas refiners as ports have been slow to reopen for large vessels.

The only option that traders see for desperate buyers in the coming days is to divert fuel cargoes from countries such as Brazil, which bought diesel in excess, or Venezuela, which cannot pay for all the fuel floating near its ports because of the country’s fiscal problems.

Spot cargoes not viable

Companies from Uruguay, Ecuador and Peru are seeking spot cargoes on the open market, but few providers are willing to participate, traders have said.

“I cannot use my inventories in the Caribbean at this moment to supply third parties,” one trader said.

Dominican Republic refining firm Refidomsa, which declared force majeure last week on fuel deliveries, said on Wednesday it was rationing fuel from its 34,000-barrel-per-day Haina refinery, giving it enough inventory for 20 days.

Most Caribbean refineries are dependent on U.S. light oil since large regional crude producers, such as Mexico and Venezuela, have cut exports to some neighbors.