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The wage gap

The problem: As it stands, women make 80 cents for every dollar a man makes at best. The wage gap is decades away from closing for white women, more than 100 years away for black women and more than 200 years away for Latinas. (Fun fact: Yes, women do ask for raises. They just don’t get them.)

What do we do about it? Stand up for pay equity and invest what you can as soon as you can, Krawcheck said. “It’s something you can start doing now, while you wait those decades (or centuries) for the gap to close, or those months (or years) for your clueless manager to get over their bias and give you that raise already.”

Not sure how to start? Krawcheck says the easiest way is to have even a small percentage of your paycheck deposited automatically into your employer-sponsored 401(k) or, if you don’t have one, to fund a traditional or Roth I.R.A .

[Read more: A woman’s guide to salary negotiation]

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The debt gap

The problem: Women earn 57 percent of bachelor’s degrees but hold two-thirds of student loan debt. They also pay more for mortgages, even though they’re better at paying them back. “Personal finance info aimed at women is a steady stream of condescending advice to restrain ourselves from overspending on ‘frivolous’ things like shoes or lattes,” Krawcheck said.

What do we do about it? Do everything possible to get more money in the hands of more women, so they can pay their own debt down, Krawcheck said. “Meanwhile, buy the damn latte — and don’t feel guilty about it.”

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The unpaid labor gap

The problem: Even in 2019, women are responsible for more cleaning, child care and so-called emotional chores — “things like remembering and organizing birthday parties” — than men. This adds up to five years’ worth of additional unpaid labor over the course of their lives. Meanwhile, taking a career break for caregiving can curb a woman’s future salary, Krawcheck said.

What do we do about it? If you’re doing more of the work, Krawcheck advises renegotiating with your partner, like Melinda Gates did. And if you can afford it, outsource time-consuming chores: Hire someone to clean your home or pay a little extra to have groceries delivered, for instance — no guilt allowed. “We live in the golden age of outsourcing,” Krawcheck said.