The Dec. 7, 1941, surprise attack on Pearl Harbor is burned into the American consciousness. But for two North Texans, Dec. 8 is the day they will never forget.

Just hours after the dawn attack on Pearl Harbor but across the international dateline making it Dec. 8, Japanese planes also bombed American bases and Manila in the Philippines.

"It was a complete surprise. We were unprepared. It was the second of a number of Pearl Harbors in that first year of the war," said Leon Long, a 93-year-old who grew up on a dairy farm in Wisconsin and then joined his high school friend George Loritz in the U.S. Army Air Corps in 1939.

The two pals, who worked in aircraft maintenance, were stationed at Clark Field with the 19th Bombardment Group composed of 35 B-17 bombers and 23 P-40 interceptors. Just days before, 16 B-17s were flown 500 miles south to the island of Mindanao as a precaution against attack, Long said.

After hearing radio news reports of the Pearl Harbor attack early that morning, Long and Loritz were returning to work after lunch when they saw two flights of more than 50 twin-engine planes approaching the airfield.

"George said, 'Hey, look, it's nice to see the Navy is out protecting us.' About that time, the earth began to erupt at the end of the runway," Long said.

"George ran to the hanger where he worked and I dived into a slit trench. Two other guys jumped in on top of me," he said.

After enduring nearly an hour of bombing and strafing runs that destroyed 16 of the B-17s and 20 of the P-40s and most of the base, Long crawled out from beneath the two other men who had been killed by concussion blasts to find that Loritz was among the 100 Air Corps troops killed that day.

That day was just the beginning of a remarkable year-long odyssey of war for Long as he escaped the Philippines and joined other survivors of his bomber group in striking back against the Japanese.

A family in war

Forty miles away, near Manila, then 9-year-old Elsie Miller was dressed and ready for a big day, her first Communion in the Catholic church, when her father, Edward Normandy, an American transportation company executive, rushed home after the Japanese attacked Manila.

Normandy had served in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War and then stayed in the Pacific and married Isabel Halili, a Filipino. She died shortly after Elsie, their 10th child, was born.

Normandy appeased his daughter by making a quick trip to the church and then packed her and seven other siblings off to safety in the countryside.

Elsie's two oldest brothers stayed with their father and they joined Filipino and American troops in the determined but doomed fight for the Philippines against overwhelming Japanese forces.

The eight other children stayed with relatives who owned fish farms and eventually they scattered in pairs before returning to Manila during the Japanese occupation, Miller said.

"It was a struggle. There was never enough food. It was terrifying. The Japanese were raping women and killing babies," said Miller, now 82 and living in Granbury.

The U.S.-Filipino resistance in the Philippines lasted until April 9, 1942, when U.S. Gen. Edward P. King surrendered to the Japanese.

About 12,000 Americans and 63,000 Filipinos who had been pushed back onto the Bataan Peninsula and Corregidor Island became prisoners of war and were subjected to the infamous Bataan Death March.

The Japanese forced the already weakened prisoners to march 65 miles to a prison camp. Guards shot any man who fell or faltered during the five-day march. Along the way, the Japanese singled out prisoners, sometimes in groups, and shot them to death as examples to the others.

Between 7,000 and 10,000 men were killed but Elsie's 61-year-old father and two brothers survived.

The two brothers eventually escaped from the Japanese. The oldest brother, Edward Normandy Jr., a doctor who worked at a hospital in Manila, organized a clandestine intelligence unit. He was seized by the Japanese shortly before American forces liberated Manila and was tortured and killed, Miller said.

Miller's father remained a captive for four years.

"The Americans liberated the few skeletons left in Bataan and my father was one of them. At his age, I don't know how he survived," Miller said.

After the war Normandy returned to work for the transportation company and later bought a plantation in the Philippines. He died at 77 in 1961 in Maryland and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Miller said.

Miller moved to the U.S to attend college. In 1961, she was among the first members of the Peace Corps to serve overseas. She went on to work for the Peace Corps for nearly 20 years and retired to Granbury in 1996.

A repair and an escape

By the time Japan surrendered in the Philippines, two-thirds of the Americans captured at Bataan had died in Japanese custody. A lucky break allowed Leon Long to escape the island.

About 10 days after Clark Field was bombed, Long was transferred to an artillery battalion on Bataan. One night, after spending a day digging gun pits in the rain, he crawled under a chicken coop to sleep.

"During the night, somebody kicked me in the butt and told me to get my rear end in a jeep. 'You're going back to Clark Field,'" Long said.

The few B-17s that were intact after the Japanese attack had been sent to safety in Australia. But a crew from a bomber with a large hole in a fuel tank were desperate to escape and someone remembered Long's metalworking skills.

Long's tools, which had been buried to keep them from the Japanese, were dug up and he cut the top off a 50-gallon drum and screwed the metal patch over the gaping hole with a seal improvised from a tire tube.

"It worked. The B-17 crew taxied down about 100 yards and then stopped. A guy came running back and said that since I fixed the tank, the pilot wanted me to come onboard," he said. "That's how I got out of the Philippines. I would have never made it through the Bataan Death March."

But there would be no shortage of challenges before he made it back home.

Stationed first in Australia and then at a base in Java and then pushed back to Australia, his unit was first attached to Dutch, then Australian and finally British air forces.

There were no replacements available for bomber crews and Long was soon pressed into duty as a side gunner on a B-17. After bombing missions, he went back to work repairing the planes.

"The first time I ever fired a .50-caliber machine gun was in combat. You learn rapidly in that situation," Long said.

His well-traveled unit finally rejoined the Army Air Corps and late in 1942 his group returned to the U.S.

"Our ship landed in San Francisco and me a friend slipped away and spent four or five days in the St. Francis Hotel. We were the first troops back, you couldn't buy a drink or meal," he said.

Long spent the last three years of the war training bomber crews at Pyote Air Force Station in West Texas.

Long spent another 20 years in the Air Force, working as a B-36 flight engineer and instructor. After retiring as a master sergeant, he spent 27 years in research and engineering for General Dynamics in Fort Worth.

He learned to fly in 1948 and after retiring from General Dynamics he was a pilot for a Fort Worth law firm for 10 years. He also worked as a flight instructor for 43 years and didn't quit flying until April.

Long's wife of 64 years, Myra Lynn, died a month and a half ago, and he still lives in the tidy brick home on the west side of Fort Worth they shared for 60 years.

The veteran laughs that he might momentarily forget where his keys are but he has remarkable recall of his more than nine decades of life.

'You just did it'

That momentous day on Dec. 8, 1941, remains a life milestone, but Long shrugs off his extraordinary war service.

"We were doing what we had to do. You didn't think about it, you just did it."

Tom Clark, a 68-year-old former jet fighter pilot during the Vietnam War who worked with Long at General Dynamics, said Long's story from the Philippines amazes him.

"I worked with him for years before I heard anything about the war. His escape from the Philippines, that's one of those deals in life I call a 'God wink.' It's so incredible you have to think something is behind it."