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Trump’s reference to 51 percent means an end to the filibuster in the Senate. Under current rules, a bill needs 60 votes to pass in a chamber with 52 Republicans.

To secure the confirmation of Neil M. Gorsuch, Republican leaders changed the rules on Supreme Court nominees to require only 51 votes – a simple majority.

Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., has said he has no plans to change the threshold for legislation.

At a White House briefing for reporters later Tuesday morning, Office of Budget and Management Director Mick Mulvaney said that one of the wins for Trump in the just-concluded round of budget negotiations was keeping the government open.

“They wanted a shutdown,” Mulvaney said of Democrats. “They wanted to make this president look like he couldn’t govern.”

Asked about Trump’s tweets, however, Mulvaney said the president had a “defensible position.”

Democrats on Capitol Hill pounced on Trump’s tweets, calling them irresponsible.

In a speech on the Senate floor, Senate Minority Leader Charles E. Schumer, D-N.Y., said he was “deeply disappointed” by Trump tweeting about a “shutdown,” arguing that the spending bill was the result of bipartisan negotiations.

“It is truly a shame that the president is degrading it because he didn’t get 100 percent of what he wanted,” said Schumer. He went on to quote a Rolling Stones song to make his point, adding, “You can’t always get what you want.”

In a statement, Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., said that the 2013 government shutdown was “a devastating blow to economic growth, amounting to an estimated $1.5 billion lost for each of the 16 days of the shutdown.”