The classroom in Yarmouk refugee camp is under constant threat of aerial bombardment. Mutawalli Abou Nasser IPS

DAMASCUS (IPS) - The school system in Yarmouk, Syria’s largest Palestinian refugee camp, located in the capital Damascus, has been shattered by the fighting that now bedevils the community and the siege that strangles the district. Some tenacious teachers are, however, refusing to leave the camp and are battling against the odds to provide education to an ever-growing number of children.

Elements of the armed opposition took control of much of the camp in December 2012. This was followed by heavy and indiscriminate shelling from government forces that continues to this day. A suffocating siege has been imposed on the camp’s inhabitants.

When the battle struck into the heart of the camp in the closing weeks of 2012, and fighters from the rebel Free Syrian Army and sympathetic Palestinian factions took root in the community, fighter jets from the government forces started to rain down destruction. The established education infrastructure quickly unraveled amid the onslaught.

Teachers and education workers were among the thousands who fled the camp to more secure districts or to neighboring countries such as Lebanon, seriously disrupting the school system. The situation became worse after the UN agency for Palestine refugees, UNRWA — which had been in charge of primary education in Yarmouk — halted operations in the camp.

The responsibility for secondary education for Palestinian communities in Syria lies with its ministry of education. But the only two secondary schools in the camp are precariously ensnared on the front lines, and were shut even before December 2012 as violence encroached on the borders of the camp.

Following the suggestion of Khalil Khalil, an Arabic language teacher and lecturer at the University of Damascus, four teachers established an education program at the Palestine Mosque in the heart of the camp.

Strain

Initially twenty children came to the classes, but that number has steadily grown to approximately 200. This is encouraging for families, but has also put great strain on the teachers and the standard of education they can offer.

“It has become difficult for us to continue our work as before,” Khalil said. “We have needed to find places to educate these children but that is not easy at all in the camp at the moment. Then there are those essentials for education such as books and notepads and pens … But the most important thing is the security of the children and those that are volunteering to teach them.”

In the program’s nascent stages the teachers were able to obtain resources through their own networks or through donations from some of the wealthier parents. But as the numbers of students grew, they sought UNRWA support.

“It became a case of securing more and more books and pens and electricity generators with fuel to run them on, as well as getting more teachers who we could provide a basic stipend, if not a wage,” Yehya Ishmaawi, one of the founding teachers, said. “It was no longer a case of providing some basic education support but trying to revive the complete education program.”

Official recognition

With increased resources and more volunteers trained to support the teachers it became important to gain official recognition so that students could legitimately sit exams and progress within the education system. Once the teachers demonstrated the impressive gains they had made, UNRWA backed the program.

“This is an unofficial route we are following but the most important thing is that we don’t allow the students’ education to be disrupted and we enable them to sit the exams on time, and under the supervision of UNRWA,” Jemaal Abd al-Ghani, the UNRWA official appointed to liaise with the teachers and volunteers running the program in Yarmouk, said.

To overcome the siege and obtain the necessary education material, the teachers are tapping individuals and agencies bringing essential food supplies into the camp. Some of these partners have also paid for education resources, and paid stipends to the volunteering teachers.

The wider community and the parents have played a no less critical role. “If it hadn’t been for the faith of the families and their support for our mission to revive the education system, it could not have happened,” said Khalil. “They played a very big role in the beginning, even in providing books or fuel from their homes for the generators that light the shelters.”

“Ugly death everywhere”

The teaching is not immune to indiscriminate aerial bombardment. On 1 April this year, a mortar landed next to the Palestine Mosque as a group of children were leaving a makeshift classroom next door. A number of children were wounded, and the blast proved an ominous harbinger for worse to come.

Within days another strike killed two students, Farhat Mubarak and Hesham Mahmoud, and seriously injured three others. “Why the craziness of this random strikes?” pleaded Farhat’s father. “There are no armed men here. They are just children who want a peaceful life, who want to avoid this ugly death that is everywhere in Syria now.”

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