Some analysts in the United States and Israel say that Mr. Netanyahu is calculating that he may reach a more advantageous deal with a future president, a charge that the Israelis strenuously deny. Others have suggested that Mr. Obama is pressing to finish the agreement in part to insulate himself against accusations that he has been too tough on Israel, especially if he decides later this year to pressure the country to accept a peace deal with the Palestinians that embraces a two-state solution.

The negotiations have unfolded in secret, with neither side willing to detail its position on an agreement that people close to the talks have said could top $40 billion. For months, United States and Israeli officials have haggled over the price tag, as Israel has insisted on a higher figure than the United States was willing to support.

But the decision by the White House to explicitly lay out its position on how much of the money would be spent inside Israel — an issue that had emerged as a sticking point — appeared to signal that a conclusion to the talks could be near.

“The chances seem to be better now than they were a couple months ago” that the two sides will reach a deal, said Ilan Goldenberg, the director of the Middle East Security Program at the Center for a New American Security. “Clearly, they’re getting to the end one way or the other.”

Under the existing agreement, Israel is permitted to spend about a quarter of the military aid it receives outside the United States, and 13 percent of it on fuel — allowances that no other recipient of United States funding receives. Israel has spent about $1.2 billion a year — $7.9 billion since the current deal took effect — in this way, the White House said.

The provision originated in the 1980s as a way to spur the development of Israel’s defense industry, which is now booming. Israel has become one of the top 10 arms exporters in the world, competing with the United States.