UPDATE - MONDAY, 6 APRIL 2020: to assess how coronavirus measures have affected concentrations of air pollution, the EEA has developed a viewer that tracks the weekly average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ). CHECK CONCENTRATIONS IN DATA VIEWER.

The EEA has received many questions about the impacts of the stark measures to limit the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on air quality in Europe.

The EEA’s data show an accurate picture of the drop in air pollution, especially due to reduced traffic in cities. However, addressing long-term air quality problems requires ambitious policies and forward-looking investments. As such, the current crisis and its multiple impacts on our society work against what we are trying to achieve, which is a just and well-managed transition towards a resilient and sustainable society. Hans Bruyninckx, EEA Executive Director

The EEA’s data for recent weeks show how concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), a pollutant mainly emitted by road transport, have decreased in many Italian cities. For example:

In Milan, average concentrations of NO 2 for the past four weeks have been at least 24 % lower than four weeks earlier this year. The average concentration during the week of 16-22 March was 21 % lower than for the same week in 2019.

for the past four weeks have been at least 24 % lower than four weeks earlier this year. The average concentration during the week of 16-22 March was 21 % lower than for the same week in 2019. In Bergamo, there has been a constant decline in NO 2 pollution over the past four weeks. The average concentration during the week of 16-22 March was 47 % lower than for the same week in 2019.

pollution over the past four weeks. The average concentration during the week of 16-22 March was 47 % lower than for the same week in 2019. In Rome, average NO 2 concentrations for the past four weeks were 26-35 % lower than for the same weeks in 2019.

Similar trends can be seen in other European cities where lockdown measures have been implemented during the week of 16-22 March.

In Barcelona, average NO 2 levels went down by 40 % from one week to the next. Compared with the same week in 2019, the reduction was 55 %.

levels went down by 40 % from one week to the next. Compared with the same week in 2019, the reduction was 55 %. In Madrid, average NO 2 levels went down by 56 % from one week to the next. Compared with the same week in 2019, the reduction was 41 %.

levels went down by 56 % from one week to the next. Compared with the same week in 2019, the reduction was 41 %. In Lisbon, average NO 2 levels went down by 40 % from one week to the next. Compared with the same week in 2019, the reduction was 51 %.

Exposure to air pollution can lead to adverse health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. A number of health authorities have warned that those citizens with certain pre-existing conditions, such as respiratory illnesses, may have an increased vulnerability to COVID-19. However at present it is not clear whether ongoing exposure to air pollution might worsen the condition of those infected by the virus. Further epidemiological research is needed to address such questions.

About the methodology

The weekly average concentration levels of air pollutants were calculated based on data from the EEA’s up-to-date air quality data system. All daily mean values from the stations in each city have been considered for the average. Other factors than the lockdown measures, such as weather conditions, can also have an effect on weekly variations of the pollutant concentrations.