The city budget last year included more than $8 billion in federal funds.

While saying there was “nothing Trump-specific” in the budget, Mr. de Blasio spent much time talking about the new president and his proposals. He emphasized the importance of immigrants to the city’s economy, trumpeted law enforcement spending and stressed investments in infrastructure, one of the few areas of possible agreement with the White House.

The budget presentation, titled “New York Stands Strong,” echoed many of Mr. de Blasio’s public comments after the presidential election. It offered a vision of a city facing economic headwinds, but did not contain warnings of recession, a departure from last year’s presentation. Instead, it pointed to expected increases in tax revenue in the next fiscal year after a decline during the current one.

Many of the proposals — including money for repaving roads, assisting schools and financing programs for the Police Department — seemed like typical election-year fare for any mayor trying to please various constituencies, and many represented relatively small investments.

The mayor’s proposal for the next fiscal year, which begins July 1, included $10.4 million to install bullet-resistant windows in police cars, and $6.3 million to hire 200 additional school crossing guards and 100 crossing guard supervisors.

The mayor also announced that the city’s 10-year capital spending plan would increase to $89.6 billion, from $83.8 billion two years ago. That includes money for school construction, accounting for more than 38,000 new classroom seats, and long-term plans to upgrade a training center for the Police Department and to repair hundreds of roofs in public housing buildings.

In his initial presentation, Mr. de Blasio did not mention the city’s homelessness crisis, which has become a major vulnerability for him as he has struggles to find a way to care for a record number of people flooding into city shelters.

“We have continued in this budget a lot of the investments we needed to make to continue to improve our approach to homelessness,” he said, in response to a question. But budget documents made available later showed that while city spending on homelessness rose to an estimated $1.7 billion in the current fiscal year, above initial projections, the amount budgeted for the Department of Homeless Services in the coming fiscal year would be $257 million less than that.