The unusual river dolphins, some of them known for their poor eyesight and side-swimming behavior are all descendants of ocean-dwelling species. Until now, however, there has been no consensus about their relationships, and few specimens to help illuminate them. In the new issue of the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, researchers describe a new fossil dolphin species from the Miocene (dating to more than 16 mya) of the Pisco Basin, a desert on the coast of Peru. It belongs to a rare extinct family of marine dolphins, the squalodelphinids, which are related to the endangered Ganges and Indus river dolphins living today. The new specimens increase the known diversity of squalodelphinids and help shed light on their relationships.

River dolphins are a bizarre group of cetaceans (marine mammals) in that they reside in freshwater rivers and estuaries, though their ancestors were marine. As a result of life in muddy river water, some are functionally blind and have very small dorsal fins. Despite similar appearances, the South Asian river dolphins of the Ganges and Indus rivers (Platanista spp.) are only distantly related to other river dolphins of the Amazon and Yangtze rivers.

The new species, named Huaridelphis raimondii, after the Huari culture (500-1000 AD) the smallest species of its family yet known, has been described from several well-preserved fossils. "The quality of the fossils places these specimens as some of the best-preserved members of this rare family," says Olivier Lambert, of the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, lead author of the study.

Though the squalodelphinids have been known for some time, these small to medium size dolphins are rare in the fossil record, and were until now only found in a few localities (Argentina, France, Italy, and east coast of U.S.A.).

The Pisco Basin, is currently one of the richest areas in the world for the study of the evolution of whales and other marine mammals; whales with fossilized baleen, a giant raptorial sperm whale, and a walrus-like dolphin have been discovered there. According to Dr. Lambert, "For the past 30 years, many fossil cetacean species were described based on material from the Pisco Basin, dated from the Eocene to the Pliocene. And we are still far from the end of the study for this hot spot of marine mammal paleontology."

Recent fieldwork by the Peruvian paleontologist Mario Urbina and his team in new localities from the early Miocene (23-16 million years ago) lead to the discovery of several well-preserved squalodelphinid skulls, now curated at the Museo de Historia Natural (Lima). Their analysis by Lambert and colleagues lead to the description of the new species.

"Considering the richness of the fossil localities recently discovered, other new extinct dolphins from the same geological age will certainly soon be found and studied," added Giovanni Bianucci, of the Universitá degli Studi di Pisa and an author on the study.

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About the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology

Founded in 1940 by thirty-four paleontologists, the Society now has more than 2,300 members representing professionals, students, artists, preparators, and others interested in VP. It is organized exclusively for educational and scientific purposes, with the object of advancing the science of vertebrate paleontology.

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

The Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (JVP) is the leading journal of professional vertebrate paleontology and the flagship publication of the Society. It was founded in 1980 by Dr. Jiri Zidek and publishes contributions on all aspects of vertebrate paleontology.

Citation: O. Lambert, G. Bianucci and M. Urbina. 2014. Huaridelphis raimondi, a new Miocene Squalodelphinidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the Chilcatay Formation, Peru. JVP 33(5): http://www. tandfonline. com/ toc/ ujvp20/ current

For complimentary access to the full article, visit: http://www. tandfonline. com/ toc/ ujvp20/ current

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CONTACT INFORMATION

AUTHOR CONTACT INFORMATION

Olivier Lambert

Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique

D.O. Terre et Histoire de la Vie

Département de Paléontologie

29 rue Vautier

1000 Brussels

Belgium

tel: 00 32 (0)2 6274497

e-mail: olivier.lambert@naturalsciences.be

http://www. naturalsciences. be/

http://naturalsciences-be. academia. edu/ OlivierLambert

OTHER EXPERTS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH THE STUDY

R. Ewan Fordyce

Professor, Department of Geology

University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin 9054, NZ

email: ewan.fordyce@otago.ac.nz

tel +64 3 479 7510

web: http://www. otago. ac. nz/ geology/ people/ fordyce/ index. html

Jonathan Geisler

Associate Professor of Anatomy

Department of Anatomy

New York Institute of Technology

College of Osteopathic Medicine

Northern Boulevard

Old Westbury, NY 11568

Phone: (516) 686-7552

Email: jgeisler@nyit.edu