What does a champion look like?

Anyone familiar with the pantheon of NBA champions knows that certain teams have dominated - 11 franchises won the last 39 titles - and that surprise contenders rarely creep up on us. But what do those champions have in common? Do they provide a statistical profile we can use to learn about this year's playoffs?

Let's find out.

If we're looking for statistical similarities among championship teams that will help us evaluate this year's postseason field, it makes sense to concentrate on the period of time most applicable to 2019. The NBA's current 30-team, six-division scheduling format has been in place since 2004-05. That works well because it still gives us a solid sample size of 14 seasons. The league had already adopted rules that prioritized offense by eliminating hand-checking and calling illegal defenses. And it's also recent enough to account for the modern importance of 3-point shooting.

Let's dig into the cold, hard statistics that link these NBA champions and see what those numbers say about this year's playoff teams.

(Note: Counting statistics for the lockout-shortened 2011-12 season have been prorated to 82 games)

Wins

Gary Dineen / National Basketball Association / Getty

Year Champion Wins League rank 2005 Spurs 59 3rd 2006 Heat 52 5th 2007 Spurs 58 3rd 2008 Celtics 66 1st 2009 Lakers 65 2nd 2010 Lakers 57 3rd 2011 Mavericks 57 5th 2012* Heat 57 4th 2013 Heat 66 1st 2014 Spurs 62 1st 2015 Warriors 67 1st 2016 Cavaliers 57 3rd 2017 Warriors 67 1st 2018 Warriors 58 3rd

Without exception, modern champions have compiled a minimum of 52 wins and a top-five overall record during the regular season.

Even that might be a bit conservative, as the lone outlier on this list - the 2005-06 Heat - were on a 55-win pace (41-20) after Pat Riley took over coaching duties from Stan Van Gundy, and a 58-win clip (42-17) with Shaquille O'Neal in the lineup after the big man missed 18 of 20 games to start the season. You'll also notice that the last six champs finished with top-three records.

Who fits the bill? Bucks, Raptors, Warriors, Nuggets, Trail Blazers

Who doesn't measure up? Rockets, 76ers, Jazz, Celtics, Thunder, Pacers, Spurs, Clippers, Magic, Nets, Pistons

Potential outlier: Rockets

Houston finished in a tie for fifth overall with Portland, missing the championship cutoff thanks to the season-series tiebreaker with the Blazers. The Rockets are a lot better than their 53-win resume suggests, having gone 42-15 (a 60-win pace) after an 11-14 start.

Home vs. Road

Vaughn Ridley / Getty

Year Champion Home wins Road wins 2005 Spurs 38 21 2006 Heat 31 21 2007 Spurs 31 27 2008 Celtics 35 31 2009 Lakers 36 29 2010 Lakers 34 23 2011 Mavericks 29 28 2012* Heat 35 22 2013 Heat 37 29 2014 Spurs 32 30 2015 Warriors 39 28 2016 Cavaliers 33 24 2017 Warriors 36 31 2018 Warriors 29 29

Every champion dominated at home and, at the very least, posted a winning record on the road. We're looking for teams that won a minimum of 29 home games and at least 21 games away from home.

Who fits the bill? Bucks, Raptors, Warriors, Rockets, Trail Blazers, Jazz

Who doesn't measure up? Nuggets, 76ers, Celtics, Thunder, Pacers, Spurs, Clippers, Magic, Nets, Pistons

Potential outlier: Nuggets

The Nuggets posted a league-best 34-7 home record and had a chance to clinch a winning road record Sunday in Portland - but they rested Nikola Jokic, Paul Millsap, and Jamal Murray in a loss that sunk them to 20-21 away from Pepsi Center.

Scoring differential

Bill Baptist / National Basketball Association / Getty

Year Champion Differential Rank Net Rtg Rank 2005 Spurs +7.8 1st +8.2 1st 2006 Heat +3.9 5th +4.1 6th 2007 Spurs +8.4 1st +9.2 1st 2008 Celtics +10.3 1st +10.8 1st 2009 Lakers +7.7 2nd +7.9 2nd 2010 Lakers +4.7 6th +4.9 5th 2011 Mavericks +4.2 8th +4.4 8th 2012* Heat +6.0 4th +6.4 3rd 2013 Heat +7.9 2nd +8.2 2nd 2014 Spurs +7.7 1st +8.2 1st 2015 Warriors +10.1 1st +10.0 1st 2016 Cavaliers +6.0 4th +6.3 4th 2017 Warriors +11.6 1st +11.3 1st 2018 Warriors +6.0 3rd +5.9 3rd

Our contemporary champion needs to boast a top-eight scoring differential and top-eight net rating per 100 possessions, outscoring opponents during the regular season by at least 3.9 points per 48 minutes or 4.1 points per 100 possessions.

Who fits the bill? Bucks, Warriors, Raptors, Jazz, Rockets, Celtics, Trail Blazers

Who doesn't measure up? Nuggets, 76ers, Thunder, Pacers, Spurs, Clippers, Magic, Nets, Pistons

Potential outlier: 76ers

Philly's 11th-ranked point differential (plus-2.7) and net rating (plus-2.6) leave a lot to be desired for a team with Finals aspirations, but consider this: Among the 47 most utilized lineups around the league since the trade deadline, none performed better than the Sixers' starting unit of Ben Simmons, JJ Redick, Jimmy Butler, Tobias Harris, and Joel Embiid. That combination outscored opponents by a whopping 17.6 points per 100 possessions.

Offense

Sam Forencich / National Basketball Association / Getty

Year Champion Off. Rtg rank eFG% rank 2005 Spurs 8th 6th 2006 Heat 7th 2nd 2007 Spurs 5th 2nd 2008 Celtics 9th 5th 2009 Lakers 3rd 6th 2010 Lakers 11th 15th 2011 Mavericks 8th 3rd 2012* Heat 8th 5th 2013 Heat 2nd 1st 2014 Spurs 6th 2nd 2015 Warriors 2nd 1st 2016 Cavaliers 3rd 4th 2017 Warriors 1st 1st 2018 Warriors 3rd 1st

Eliminate the 2009-10 Lakers, and it looks like a top-nine offensive rating (points per 100 possessions) and a top-six effective field-goal percentage are requirements for a championship offense.

Dig deeper and you'll find that as NBA offenses have shifted to emphasize the 3-point shot, the last eight champions boasted a top-five effective field-goal percentage, and the last seven champions all finished in the top nine in 3-point shooting. Five of the last six champions have actually finished top three in 3-point percentage.

In the interest of consistency, however, we'll include the 2010 Lakers and say that the 2019 champion only requires a top-11 offensive rating and a top-15 eFG%.

Who fits the bill (teams in italics also finished top nine in 3-point shooting percentage)? Warriors, Trail Blazers, Raptors, Spurs, 76ers, Clippers, Celtics, Rockets, Bucks, Nuggets

Who doesn't measure up? Jazz, Thunder, Pacers, Nets, Magic, Pistons

Potential outlier: Nuggets

Yes, the Nuggets do fulfill the broader offensive requirements for recent champions, squeaking in at 15th in eFG%. Here's the catch: Of the 14 teams we examined, the only one that finished outside the top six in that statistic had Kobe Bryant and Pau Gasol. It's tough to envision Denver having the same kind of offensive ceiling as the 2010 Lakers in the playoffs.

Defense

Bart Young / National Basketball Association / Getty

Year Champion Def. Rtg rank Opp. eFG% rank 2005 Spurs 1st 1st 2006 Heat 10th 11th 2007 Spurs 2nd 2nd 2008 Celtics 1st 1st 2009 Lakers 6th 8th 2010 Lakers 4th 7th 2011 Mavericks 8th 9th 2012* Heat 4th 9th 2013 Heat 9th 9th 2014 Spurs 3rd 4th 2015 Warriors 1st 1st 2016 Cavaliers 10th 13th 2017 Warriors 2nd 1st 2018 Warriors 11th 5th

Although offense gets all the attention in the NBA, every champion in our sample still finished in the top 11 on the defensive end, with at least a top-13 mark in opponents' effective field-goal percentage. Also note that 11 of the last 12 champions finished top eight in limiting opponents' effective field-goal percentage.

Who fits the bill? Bucks, Jazz, Pacers, Raptors, Celtics, Magic, Nuggets, Warriors

Who doesn't measure up? Trail Blazers, Rockets, 76ers, Thunder, Spurs, Clippers, Nets, Pistons

Potential outlier: Thunder

Oklahoma City didn't meet the cutoff because its defensive effective field-goal percentage of 52.3 ranked 17th, but that figure undersells the team's capability. The Thunder actually ranked fourth in overall defensive efficiency. Their aggressive, trapping approach can be exposed by offenses that keep the ball moving to find the most efficient shot, hence their poor defensive eFG%. But the individual defense of Paul George; the high-risk, high-reward gambles of Russell Westbrook; and the defensive rebounding of Steven Adams give them championship-level defensive potential.

Star talent

Andrew D. Bernstein / National Basketball Association / Getty

Year Champion Best player rank All-Stars 2005 Spurs 4th (Tim Duncan) 2 2006 Heat 4th (Dwyane Wade) 2 2007 Spurs 3rd (Duncan) 2 2008 Celtics 4th (Kevin Garnett) 3 2009 Lakers 4th (Kobe Bryant) 2 2010 Lakers 6th (Pau Gasol) 2 2011 Mavericks 9th (Dirk Nowitzki) 1 2012* Heat 1st (LeBron James) 3 2013 Heat 1st (James) 3 2014 Spurs 14th (Duncan) 1 2015 Warriors 1st (Stephen Curry) 2 2016 Cavaliers 3rd (James) 1 2017 Warriors 5th (Curry) 4 2018 Warriors 8th (Curry) 4

The postseason, let alone the Finals, is about transcendent talent. Depth can carry you to the playoffs and an All-Star can perhaps drag you into the second or third round, but if you want to compete in June, you need a no-brainer, Hall of Fame-type player. There's a reason every Finals for the last 28 years has featured at least one of LeBron James, Kobe Bryant, Shaquille O'Neal, Tim Duncan, Michael Jordan, or Hakeem Olajuwon.

Andy Bailey's data, which determines how stars stack up based on their average rank across a plethora of catch-all stats, gives us a snapshot of just how good each champion's best player was. You'll notice every champion featured at least one All-Star, with 11 of the last 14 teams employing more than one.

All 14 champions featured at least one All-NBA selection (nine of 14 had multiple players on the year-end list), and 12 of the last 14 champions boasted at least one All-Defensive Team selection. But those awards won't be handed for several weeks, so we can't use them to filter this year's squads.

Let's look for teams with a top-14 player in Bailey's catch-all stats and at least one All-Star.

Who fits the bill (multiple All-Stars italicized)? Bucks, Thunder, Warriors, 76ers, Rockets, Nuggets, Trail Blazers, Magic, Celtics

Who doesn't measure up? Raptors, Jazz, Spurs, Clippers, Pacers, Nets, Pistons

Potential outlier: Raptors

Toronto is led by Kawhi Leonard, a former Finals MVP; a second All-Star in Kyle Lowry; and Most Improved Player Award favorite Pascal Siakam. So how did the Raptors fail to meet the prerequisite for star talent? Because Leonard finished 15th when measuring 2018-19 players by their average rank in catch-all stats.

That's obviously a result of Leonard only suiting up for 60 games; the Raptors eased him into things after a quad injury limited the three-time All-Star to nine games last season. Leonard averaged 26.6 points, 7.3 rebounds, 3.3 assists, and 1.8 steals on 49-37-85 shooting, and his peers still tab him as the NBA's best defender.

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If you're wondering why some other metrics were left out of this research, they weren't. What I discovered was that assist metrics, rebound rates, turnover measures, free-throw frequency, and opponent 3-point percentages didn't produce trends as consistently as the statistics cited above. The championship teams we examined often finished in the bottom third in at least one of those categories.

On to the results ...

Who's left standing?

Stacy Revere / Getty

Only two teams managed to check every box. The top-seeded Bucks and Warriors enter the postseason as the clear-cut favorites when considering the statistical profile of an NBA champion.

That said, Toronto's also a capable contender. The only thing that kept the Raptors from acing the test is Leonard finishing 15th, rather than 14th, in those catch-all metrics.

Just missed the cut: Trail Blazers

How snakebitten is this franchise? The only area where Portland didn't measure up was the defensive end. That's brutal considering the Blazers defended at a top-three level (105.6 defensive rating) with Jusuf Nurkic on the court and met the defensive eFG% requirements of a champion before Nurkic broke his leg.

The Blazers may not have been widely viewed as a title threat this year, but had they entered the playoffs with Nurkic, the numbers suggest they could have contended.

Just happy to be here: Nets, Pistons

They're the only two teams that failed to meet a single one of the standards for a recent champion. Nobody's expecting much from these Eastern Conference pretenders.