Ensuring apps are accessible to a broad range of users is an essential part of building a high-quality app. Applications that are poorly designed create barriers to people of all ages. The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities states the moral and legal imperative to ensure universal access to information systems; countries around the world enforce accessibility as a requirement; and companies recognize the business advantages of maximizing access to their services.

We strongly encourage you to include an accessibility checklist as a key criteria before shipping your app. Flutter is committed to supporting developers in making their apps more accessible, and includes first-class framework support for accessibility in addition to that provided by the underlying operating system, including:

Large fonts Render text widgets with user-specified font sizes Screen readers Communicate spoken feedback about UI contents Sufficient contrast Render widgets with colors that have sufficient contrast

Details of these features are discussed below.

Inspecting accessibility support

In addition to testing for these specific topics, we recommend using automated accessibility scanners:

For Android: Install the Accessibility Scanner for Android Enable the Accessibility Scanner from Android Settings > Accessibility > Accessibility Scanner > On Navigate to the Accessibility Scanner ‘checkbox’ icon button to initiate a scan

For iOS: Open the iOS folder of your Flutter app in Xcode Select a Simulator as the target, and click Run button In Xcode, select Xcode > Open Developer Tools > Accessibility Inspector In the Accessibility Inspector, select Inspection > Enable Point to Inspect , and then select the various user interface elements in running Flutter app to inspect their accessibility attributes In the Accessibility Inspector, select Audit in the toolbar, and then select Run Audit to get a report of potential issues



Large fonts

Both Android and iOS contain system settings to configure the desired font sizes used by apps. Flutter text widgets respect this OS setting when determining font sizes.

Font sizes are calculated automatically by Flutter based on the OS setting. However, as a developer you should make sure your layout has enough room to render all its contents when the font sizes are increased. For example, you can test all parts of your app on a small-screen device configured to use the largest font setting.

Example

The following two screenshots show the standard Flutter app template rendered with the default iOS font setting, and with the largest font setting selected in iOS accessibility settings.

Default font setting Largest accessibility font setting

Screen readers

Screen readers (TalkBack, VoiceOver) enable visually impaired users to get spoken feedback about the contents of the screen.

Turn on VoiceOver or TalkBack on your device and navigate around your app. If you run into any issues, use the Semantics widget to customize the accessibility experience of your app.

Sufficient contrast

Sufficient color contrast makes text and images easier to read. Along with benefitting users with various visual impairments, sufficient color contrast helps all users when viewing an interface on devices in extreme lighting conditions, such as when exposed to direct sunlight or on a display with low brightness.

The W3C recommends:

At least 4.5:1 for small text (below 18 point regular or 14 point bold)

At least 3.0:1 for large text (18 point and above regular or 14 point and above bold)

Building with accessibility in mind

Ensuring your app can be used by everyone means building accessibility into it from the start. For some apps, that’s easier said than done. In the video below, two of our engineers take a mobile app from a dire accessibility state to one that takes advantage of Flutter’s built-in widgets to offer a dramatically more accessible experience.

Accessibility release checklist

Here is a non-exhaustive list of things to consider as you prepare your app for release.

Active interactions . Ensure that all active interactions do something. Any button that can be pushed should do something when pushed. For example, if you have a no-op callback for an onPressed event, change it to show a SnackBar on the screen explaining which control you just pushed.

. Ensure that all active interactions do something. Any button that can be pushed should do something when pushed. For example, if you have a no-op callback for an event, change it to show a on the screen explaining which control you just pushed. Screen reader testing . The screen reader should be able to describe all controls on the page when you tap on them, and the descriptions should be intelligible. Test your app with TalkBack (Android) and VoiceOver (iOS).

. The screen reader should be able to describe all controls on the page when you tap on them, and the descriptions should be intelligible. Test your app with TalkBack (Android) and VoiceOver (iOS). Contrast ratios . We encourage you to have a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 between controls or text and the background, with the exception of disabled components. Images should also be vetted for sufficient contrast.

. We encourage you to have a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 between controls or text and the background, with the exception of disabled components. Images should also be vetted for sufficient contrast. Context switching . Nothing should change the user’s context automatically while typing in information. Generally, the widgets should avoid changing the user’s context without some sort of confirmation action.

. Nothing should change the user’s context automatically while typing in information. Generally, the widgets should avoid changing the user’s context without some sort of confirmation action. Tappable targets . All tappable targets should be at least 48x48 pixels.

. All tappable targets should be at least 48x48 pixels. Errors . Important actions should be able to be undone. In fields that show errors, suggest a correction if possible.

. Important actions should be able to be undone. In fields that show errors, suggest a correction if possible. Color vision deficiency testing . Controls should be usable and legible in colorblind and grayscale modes.

. Controls should be usable and legible in colorblind and grayscale modes. Scale factors. The UI should remain legible and usable at very large scale factors for text size and display scaling.

More information

For more information, particularly about how to configure the semantics tree, see the following articles written by community members: