When the bombs dropped, the birds fell from the sky and lay squawking on the shaken ground until they died. Only the crows survived, their black-feathered bodies circling above as the dust settled on the trees, buildings, and beings below.

View Images The Polygon Nuclear Test Site VII

Nearly 25 years have passed since the Soviet Union’s nuclear testing site on Kazakhstan’s eastern border stopped detonating nuclear devices, yet the fallout remains. It reveals itself in devastatingly high numbers of local birth defects, cancers, and landscapes adorned with shuttered cities and crumbling buildings.

View Images Priozersk II (Tulip in Bloom)

It is these cities, shrouded in secrecy and not shown on maps until Google Earth unveiled them, that drew photographer Nadav Kander to document the scarred landscapes of Kazakhstan, and, by doing so, to explore the darkness within the human condition.

View Images The Aral Sea III (Fishing Trawler)

“That idea of secrecy and people keeping things from other people really ignited me,” says Kander. “I just knew that I would find very interesting things in these areas that were still quite secret and difficult to get into. They seemed perfect for what I like to photograph, which is memories and the landscape, the human traces that can tell us more about ourselves than ourselves.”

View Images Graveyard Near Kurchatov

In the resulting body of work, “Dust,” Kander uses spacious compositions and a subdued color palette to evoke a sense of stillness. The quiet scenes invite the viewer to linger and contemplate the implications of the hauntingly beautiful devastation before them. “My landscapes are never about the nature,” he says. Instead they’re about the “palm print of man, how we exist on our planet, how we deal with our surroundings.”

View Images Kurchatov IV (Telephone Exchange)

Through Kazakhstan’s radioactive ruins Kander confronts the central balancing acts of human nature. “You can’t live without dying; there’s no beauty without imperfections,” he says. “If you hide away from that all the time, it’s a perfect recipe [for] unhappiness.”

View Images The Polygon Nuclear Test Site I (After the Event)

“Dust” was created in three separate locations in Kazakhstan: Kurchatov/the Polygon, Priozersk, and the Aral Sea. Kurchatov was the center of scientific operations for the Soviet Union’s nuclear program. The Polygon, about 12 miles away, was where hundreds of experimental bombs were exploded during the Cold War. The villagers and livestock that lived on the land surrounding the Polygon unknowingly became the subjects of scientists researching the impact of nuclear weapons. Priozersk, which remains a closed city, is currently the administrative center for testing antiballistic systems. The Aral Sea was the area from which long-distance missiles were fired and tracked by scientists in Priozersk.

View Images Kurchatov I (Scientific Research Facility)

These landscapes––and the stories they represent––may seem too wrecked and barren to harbor any remaining beauty, but it is precisely this uncomfortable tension between their beauty and their cynicism that drew Kander in.

“It was very odd being there, because it’s so quiet, especially the Polygon,” he says. The silence and solitude of his explorations were only interrupted by the Geiger counter ticking away on his belt, the flow of breath through his face mask, and the rustling of his white plastic suit, all meant to keep the radioactive dust at a distance. “You are reminded all the time of where you are,” he says. “These ruins that are in the Polygon are very much a signpost to our past; they are like memories, and that’s what I’m looking for. We almost see a child left out in the cold on their own. They feel quite vulnerable, and I think that is the romance of the ruin.”

View Images The Aral Sea I (Officers Housing)

Although Kazakhstan is accessible to anyone with a visa and Kurchatov is no longer a closed city, the authorities like to keep people away from the Polygon. “It’s really pretty dangerous if you don’t have the right equipment,” says Kander. On each of the two journeys he undertook in 2011 for this project, Kander was arrested. “It was really no fun because you just don’t know when it will end … They take you to a police station where you might spend six hours but not know if it will be two weeks,” he says. He was released within a day on each occasion, but the incidents stopped him from going back a third time.

View Images Priozersk XIV (I Was Told She Once Held an Oar)

One of Kander’s favorite images, “Graveyard Near Kurchatov,” was taken just outside of Kurchatov. The ground is covered in a fresh layer of snow, a graveyard stretches along the horizon, and smokestacks in the background release gray plumes of vapor into the air. Of the juxtaposition of life and death, beauty and fallibility, reflected in the image, Kander says, “It is the inevitable, the yin and the yang … the ‘reality of life.'”

Kander challenges himself to make photographs that embody his own questions about the world and the human condition. “I’m always asking myself if my questioning is being seen in the pictures,” he says. “But I don’t try and answer. That’s really my approach, to leave these pictures open. I’m just like you; I’m leaving the question open. A picture doesn’t hold the script—the narrative is all in the viewer.”