For years, many cities have pushed their residents to adopt car-free lifestyles. Doing so can help limit further traffic congestion and pollution, while also saving people money and improving their physical fitness.

By and large, though, the vast majority of Americans aren’t ready to ditch their vehicles. According to the latest Census Bureau estimates, only 8.7 percent of U.S. households reported not having any vehicles available last year. That’s actually down slightly from a year ago and is at about the same level as before the Great Recession.

A stronger economy explains, in part, the small decline in car-free households. Demographics, fuel prices and where people live -- more Americans are migrating from cities to less dense suburbs -- also play a role in whether a household goes car-free.

Still, many individual cities are seeing more of their residents forgo vehicle ownership. Several mid-sized cities recorded notable increases in shares of car-free households when averages from the 2015 and 2016 American Community Surveys are compared with those for 2009 and 2010. Those cities include:

Paterson, N.J.: The city of about 147,000 is one of the most densely populated in the country, making getting around without a car much more practical than other places. Its large immigrant population, which often lacks access to cars, is another possible reason for its lower reliance on automobiles. A third of city households are without vehicles, up from an estimated average of 29.5 percent in 2009-2010.

New Haven, Conn.: About 30 percent of New Haven households are without access to vehicles, an increase from about 27 percent in 2009-2010. Part of the reason so many residents can go car-free stems from the city’s fairly residential downtown and pedestrian-friendly street grid layout. New Haven’s high poverty rate is also a likely contributing factor, with many families unable to afford cars.

Davenport, Iowa: Car-free households are somewhat less prevalent in Davenport than a lot of other cities, but they're growing. The city has one of the smallest population densities of any larger city, so it's not surprising that only about 5 percent of its households were without vehicles in 2009-2010. But that's since ticked up to about 8.5 percent.

Elizabeth, N.J.: Elizabeth is one of the more densely populated U.S. cities, making it easier to go car-free in the city. The share of households without vehicles increased from an average of 24 percent in 2009-2010 to 27 percent in 2015-1016. One possible explanation is that the city’s poverty rate remains slightly higher than it was the first few years of the recession.

Peoria, Ill.: Car-free households have similarly proliferated in Peoria. Census estimates suggest that nearly 16 percent of households there are without vehicles, up from approximately 12 percent in 2009-2010.

Most of the cities where households rely least on vehicles are older Northern cities, particularly those in the New York metropolitan area. The following jurisdictions with populations exceeding 100,000 recorded the highest percentages of households without access to any vehicles last year:

In other cities, only 1 or 2 percent of the population might forego car ownership. That largely has to do with whether or not it's feasible to get around without an automobile. More suburban settings typically offer few transit options or aren’t conducive to walking.

It’s also a matter of demographics. In some neighborhoods, residents simply can’t afford all the costs that come with vehicle ownership. Poverty rates have a strong negative correlation with numbers of vehicles per household. Younger couples and one-person households are less car-dependent as well.

Share of Households Without Vehicles by City

City 2009 2010 2015 2016 2015-16 Average New York, New York 54.3% 55.6% 54.5% 54.4% 54.4% Newark, New Jersey 36.0% 39.0% 39.2% 40.3% 39.8% Jersey City, New Jersey 38.9% 37.3% 40.1% 37.1% 38.6% Washington, District of Columbia 35.2% 35.0% 36.2% 37.3% 36.7% Boston, Massachusetts 34.6% 36.5% 35.4% 33.8% 34.6% Cambridge, Massachusetts 30.7% 32.6% 30.9% 36.8% 33.9% Paterson, New Jersey 30.8% 28.1% 33.6% 33.0% 33.3% Hartford, Connecticut 33.8% 39.2% 30.3% 32.6% 31.5% San Francisco, California 30.3% 30.6% 31.2% 29.9% 30.6% Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 32.9% 34.6% 31.1% 29.5% 30.3% New Haven, Connecticut 26.6% 26.9% 30.4% 29.2% 29.8% Baltimore, Maryland 30.0% 30.6% 30.7% 28.9% 29.8% Buffalo, New York 30.3% 31.1% 30.0% 28.2% 29.1% Syracuse, New York 23.9% 26.0% 26.4% 29.2% 27.8% Elizabeth, New Jersey 25.4% 22.6% 28.3% 25.8% 27.0% Chicago, Illinois 26.6% 26.3% 26.5% 27.5% 27.0% Rochester, New York 25.8% 26.4% 26.8% 26.5% 26.6% Detroit, Michigan 21.9% 23.5% 25.3% 24.7% 25.0% Yonkers, New York 22.9% 23.7% 24.6% 23.5% 24.0% Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 27.2% 24.0% 23.9% 23.4% 23.6% Cleveland, Ohio 24.7% 23.4% 23.5% 23.7% 23.6% Springfield, Massachusetts 19.8% 22.1% 20.8% 22.2% 21.5% Berkeley, California 20.7% 22.7% 19.8% 23.1% 21.5% Bridgeport, Connecticut 20.5% 22.8% 22.1% 20.1% 21.1% Dayton, Ohio 19.3% 18.8% 22.2% 19.0% 20.6% Waterbury, Connecticut 17.6% 21.2% 20.4% 20.6% 20.5% Cincinnati, Ohio 23.1% 19.2% 19.3% 21.2% 20.3% Providence, Rhode Island 19.8% 19.2% 21.7% 18.0% 19.9% Worcester, Massachusetts 16.1% 19.5% 19.6% 19.3% 19.5% New Orleans, Louisiana 18.2% 18.8% 18.8% 20.2% 19.5% Miami, Florida 19.2% 20.9% 19.9% 18.6% 19.2% St. Louis, Missouri 21.6% 21.6% 19.7% 18.5% 19.1% Milwaukee, Wisconsin 17.3% 17.2% 17.9% 18.7% 18.3% Allentown, Pennsylvania 17.9% 23.4% 19.2% 16.9% 18.0% Minneapolis, Minnesota 17.5% 19.1% 18.2% 17.1% 17.6% Lowell, Massachusetts 16.5% 14.6% 17.6% 16.9% 17.2% Richmond, Virginia 20.2% 16.4% 16.4% 18.0% 17.2% Oakland, California 16.7% 19.1% 17.3% 16.7% 17.0% Honolulu, Hawaii 17.5% 16.6% 17.2% 16.9% Seattle, Washington 15.0% 15.7% 16.6% 17.1% 16.8% Peoria, Illinois 11.7% 12.6% 16.5% 15.4% 15.9% Atlanta, Georgia 15.9% 17.5% 15.2% 16.4% 15.8% Paradise, Nevada 13.1% 13.7% 15.2% 15.4% 15.3% Portland, Oregon 13.9% 15.7% 14.7% 13.7% 14.2% Birmingham, Alabama 13.6% 14.9% 15.8% 12.3% 14.0% Toledo, Ohio 13.8% 13.6% 14.7% 13.3% 14.0% Savannah, Georgia 13.6% 15.6% 13.9% 13.7% 13.8% Akron, Ohio 15.1% 16.2% 14.5% 12.9% 13.7% St. Paul, Minnesota 15.7% 16.6% 13.3% 13.5% 13.4% Macon-Bibb County, Georgia 13.2% 13.3% 13.3% Arlington, Virginia 10.9% 12.3% 13.4% 12.7% 13.1% Tucson, Arizona 12.5% 11.0% 14.4% 11.7% 13.0% South Bend, Indiana 11.7% 10.5% 12.5% 13.6% 13.0% Lansing, Michigan 13.1% 10.5% 12.6% 13.4% 13.0% Norfolk, Virginia 10.2% 11.2% 10.6% 15.0% 12.8% Rockford, Illinois 11.4% 11.6% 11.9% 13.4% 12.6% East Los Angeles, California 14.9% 14.0% 13.0% 12.0% 12.5% Everett, Washington 8.9% 10.7% 13.2% 11.6% 12.4% Hialeah, Florida 14.7% 13.6% 12.6% 12.2% 12.4% Shreveport, Louisiana 11.8% 11.9% 11.0% 13.6% 12.3% Grand Rapids, Michigan 11.6% 12.9% 12.5% 12.0% 12.2% Los Angeles, California 12.7% 13.2% 12.1% 12.2% 12.1% Memphis, Tennessee 12.3% 12.1% 11.8% 12.5% 12.1% Ann Arbor, Michigan 9.9% 12.7% 12.4% 11.5% 11.9% Eugene, Oregon 12.0% 12.3% 12.3% 11.6% 11.9% Fresno, California 11.9% 12.0% 11.4% 12.4% 11.9% North Charleston, South Carolina 12.4% 12.5% 12.7% 10.7% 11.7% Columbia, South Carolina 13.2% 12.5% 12.9% 10.4% 11.7% Evansville, Indiana 12.9% 10.9% 11.7% 11.5% 11.6% Glendale, California 11.4% 9.3% 11.7% 11.4% 11.5% Sunrise Manor, Nevada 8.7% 10.3% 11.0% 11.8% 11.4% Kansas City, Missouri 10.8% 11.8% 11.4% 11.3% 11.4% San Bernardino, California 10.5% 11.2% 11.7% 11.1% 11.4% Louisville, Kentucky 11.8% 11.5% 11.7% 10.9% 11.3% Springfield, Illinois 9.4% 10.4% 11.9% 10.6% 11.3% Madison, Wisconsin 13.2% 13.3% 11.2% 11.2% 11.2% Chattanooga, Tennessee 11.8% 12.3% 11.8% 10.6% 11.2% Topeka, Kansas 12.1% 10.5% 9.7% 12.4% 11.1% Gainesville, Florida 10.8% 10.2% 10.4% 11.4% 10.9% Baton Rouge, Louisiana 11.7% 10.6% 10.4% 11.4% 10.9% Manchester, New Hampshire 8.0% 9.6% 8.1% 13.5% 10.8% Tampa, Florida 10.5% 10.4% 11.4% 10.1% 10.8% Clearwater, Florida 8.1% 11.2% 10.6% 10.9% 10.8% Stockton, California 8.7% 9.3% 10.5% 10.8% 10.7% Salt Lake City, Utah 11.0% 12.6% 10.6% 10.6% 10.6% Winston-Salem, North Carolina 9.0% 9.5% 11.3% 9.9% 10.6% Pasadena, California 10.4% 9.6% 9.7% 11.4% 10.6% Hollywood, Florida 7.0% 8.8% 11.4% 9.7% 10.6% Columbus, Georgia 9.1% 10.0% 12.4% 8.6% 10.5% Knoxville, Tennessee 9.7% 10.2% 9.7% 11.3% 10.5% Reno, Nevada 11.2% 11.6% 10.0% 10.8% 10.4% Las Vegas, Nevada 10.3% 9.8% 10.2% 10.5% 10.4% Tempe, Arizona 7.5% 10.5% 11.1% 9.4% 10.2% Long Beach, California 10.3% 11.4% 10.4% 10.1% 10.2% Spokane, Washington 9.7% 10.1% 10.9% 9.4% 10.2% Athens-Clarke County, Georgia 6.4% 8.1% 11.2% 9.0% 10.1% Alexandria, Virginia 11.9% 8.6% 10.1% 10.0% 10.1% Pueblo, Colorado 9.0% 9.4% 12.0% 8.1% 10.0% Stamford, Connecticut 11.9% 10.1% 11.0% 8.9% 10.0% Richmond, California 8.9% 10.4% 11.7% 8.1% 9.9% Inglewood, California 11.8% 8.9% 9.8% 9.8% 9.8% Montgomery, Alabama 8.8% 9.6% 8.5% 11.0% 9.7% Dallas, Texas 9.6% 9.6% 10.2% 9.1% 9.7% Indianapolis, Indiana 9.8% 8.8% 10.5% 8.7% 9.6% Columbus, Ohio 9.6% 10.4% 9.8% 9.4% 9.6% El Monte, California 9.3% 9.3% 10.2% 8.9% 9.5% West Palm Beach, Florida 10.3% 8.2% 8.6% 10.4% 9.5% El Cajon, California 9.4% 10.1% 10.4% 8.6% 9.5% Denver, Colorado 11.5% 12.5% 9.6% 9.4% 9.5% Tacoma, Washington 8.8% 9.1% 9.7% 9.3% 9.5% Springfield, Missouri 9.3% 9.0% 9.7% 9.3% 9.5% St. Petersburg, Florida 10.7% 10.7% 9.6% 9.3% 9.4% Kansas City, Kansas 13.2% 9.9% 10.1% 8.6% 9.4% Lafayette, Louisiana 8.0% 9.3% 10.6% 8.0% 9.3% Wilmington, North Carolina 14.2% 6.8% 10.1% 8.5% 9.3% Sacramento, California 10.0% 9.6% 10.0% 8.6% 9.3% Jackson, Mississippi 9.6% 8.5% 11.0% 7.6% 9.3% Durham, North Carolina 9.1% 9.8% 9.8% 8.7% 9.2% Arden-Arcade, California 9.1% 9.7% 8.8% 9.6% 9.2% Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia 8.4% 9.9% 9.3% 9.1% 9.2% Gresham, Oregon 9.8% 9.9% 9.8% 8.5% 9.1% Des Moines, Iowa 10.9% 9.8% 8.5% 9.6% 9.1% Tulsa, Oklahoma 8.9% 7.9% 9.3% 8.8% 9.0% Mobile, Alabama 8.6% 9.9% 9.7% 8.3% 9.0% Newport News, Virginia 10.6% 10.8% 9.5% 8.4% 9.0% High Point, North Carolina 7.0% 11.5% 8.7% 9.1% 8.9% Waco, Texas 9.7% 8.7% 8.7% 8.8% 8.8% Orlando, Florida 8.8% 8.4% 9.4% 8.2% 8.8% Phoenix, Arizona 9.9% 9.2% 9.1% 8.4% 8.7% Omaha, Nebraska 9.8% 8.7% 8.2% 9.2% 8.7% Glendale, Arizona 8.3% 9.0% 8.4% 9.0% 8.7% Lancaster, California 8.6% 6.7% 9.6% 7.7% 8.7% Brownsville, Texas 10.9% 10.0% 7.6% 9.6% 8.6% Little Rock, Arkansas 9.3% 5.4% 8.2% 8.9% 8.6% Green Bay, Wisconsin 8.5% 8.6% 8.6% 8.5% 8.6% Fort Lauderdale, Florida 7.9% 10.2% 8.8% 8.2% 8.5% Jacksonville, Florida 8.1% 7.8% 8.3% 8.7% 8.5% Davenport, Iowa 6.1% 4.8% 9.5% 7.4% 8.5% Rochester, Minnesota 5.8% 6.5% 7.8% 8.9% 8.3% San Antonio, Texas 8.9% 10.0% 8.4% 8.3% 8.3% Vallejo, California 7.4% 10.4% 9.0% 7.6% 8.3% Beaumont, Texas 9.8% 11.2% 8.8% 7.7% 8.2% Corpus Christi, Texas 7.5% 8.7% 8.5% 7.9% 8.2% Houston, Texas 9.8% 10.0% 8.3% 8.1% 8.2% Burbank, California 5.0% 11.5% 7.6% 8.7% 8.2% Fayetteville, North Carolina 7.7% 5.8% 8.9% 7.0% 8.0% El Paso, Texas 8.4% 8.9% 7.4% 8.4% 7.9% Fargo, North Dakota 7.3% 6.5% 7.0% 8.8% 7.9% Kent, Washington 6.6% 7.7% 7.0% 8.7% 7.8% Wichita Falls, Texas 8.2% 6.6% 8.7% 6.8% 7.7% Charleston, South Carolina 8.6% 9.2% 8.2% 7.2% 7.7% Albuquerque, New Mexico 6.3% 5.4% 8.5% 6.9% 7.7% Tallahassee, Florida 7.8% 9.0% 8.4% 6.9% 7.7% Boulder, Colorado 6.6% 9.4% 8.1% 7.3% 7.7% Modesto, California 8.7% 8.1% 8.1% 7.2% 7.7% Pompano Beach, Florida 11.7% 9.2% 7.8% 7.5% 7.6% Salem, Oregon 8.7% 9.4% 8.3% 7.0% 7.6% Warren, Michigan 8.0% 9.1% 7.8% 7.2% 7.5% Daly City, California 8.5% 9.1% 6.4% 8.6% 7.5% Lexington, Kentucky 8.0% 7.7% 7.2% 7.4% 7.3% Columbia, Missouri 6.9% 7.4% 9.0% 5.5% 7.2% Sandy Springs, Georgia 7.7% 6.7% 6.9% 7.6% 7.2% Hampton, Virginia 8.3% 6.8% 6.7% 7.8% 7.2% McAllen, Texas 7.0% 6.3% 6.9% 7.6% 7.2% Wichita, Kansas 6.5% 7.8% 7.7% 6.7% 7.2% San Angelo, Texas 9.2% 5.2% 8.2% 6.1% 7.1% Las Cruces, New Mexico 5.8% 4.7% 6.1% 8.2% 7.1% Mesa, Arizona 5.6% 7.8% 7.4% 6.8% 7.1% Fort Wayne, Indiana 9.6% 7.3% 8.0% 6.0% 7.0% Concord, California 5.2% 7.8% 6.9% 7.0% 6.9% Nashville-Davidson, Tennessee 7.5% 8.4% 7.9% 5.9% 6.9% Joliet, Illinois 7.0% 6.7% 7.2% 6.6% 6.9% Cedar Rapids, Iowa 6.3% 8.1% 7.8% 5.9% 6.9% Aurora, Colorado 6.8% 6.5% 7.4% 6.3% 6.8% Palmdale, California 6.9% 6.0% 8.1% 5.6% 6.8% Escondido, California 5.9% 9.9% 8.0% 5.7% 6.8% Columbia, Maryland 6.0% 4.3% 8.6% 5.0% 6.8% Hillsboro, Oregon 5.2% 6.3% 7.6% 5.9% 6.8% Metairie, Louisiana 6.3% 7.5% 6.3% 7.2% 6.7% Greensboro, North Carolina 9.1% 8.3% 6.1% 7.3% 6.7% Abilene, Texas 7.5% 8.0% 5.4% 8.0% 6.7% Charlotte, North Carolina 7.6% 8.3% 7.4% 6.0% 6.7% Independence, Missouri 6.9% 7.1% 7.5% 5.8% 6.7% San Buenaventura, California 5.1% 5.0% 7.2% 6.1% 6.6% Victorville, California 6.4% 7.0% 6.5% 6.6% 6.6% Tyler, Texas 7.9% 8.4% 6.7% 6.4% 6.6% Vancouver, Washington 6.3% 8.8% 5.5% 7.6% 6.5% Santa Ana, California 6.9% 5.8% 7.3% 5.7% 6.5% San Diego, California 6.9% 7.3% 6.6% 6.3% 6.5% Anchorage municipality, Alaska 5.2% 7.5% 6.8% 6.1% 6.5% Huntsville, Alabama 6.5% 8.3% 6.6% 6.3% 6.5% Lubbock, Texas 7.5% 4.8% 7.3% 5.6% 6.4% Austin, Texas 6.1% 7.5% 6.9% 6.0% 6.4% Visalia, California 6.1% 8.4% 6.9% 5.9% 6.4% North Las Vegas, Nevada 5.3% 5.7% 7.0% 5.6% 6.3% Killeen, Texas 4.9% 4.4% 6.3% 6.2% 6.3% Lakeland, Florida 10.8% 11.6% 7.0% 5.6% 6.3% Laredo, Texas 8.0% 10.2% 6.5% 5.9% 6.2% Bellevue, Washington 5.7% 8.6% 5.5% 6.9% 6.2% Fairfield, California 5.4% 4.0% 4.8% 7.4% 6.1% Sioux Falls, South Dakota 5.4% 7.4% 6.6% 5.6% 6.1% Lincoln, Nebraska 7.0% 6.8% 6.3% 5.8% 6.0% Lakewood, Colorado 8.2% 6.9% 5.5% 6.5% 6.0% Salinas, California 7.9% 8.2% 6.0% 5.8% 5.9% Pomona, California 6.8% 5.0% 6.5% 5.3% 5.9% Miami Gardens, Florida 8.4% 9.2% 6.5% 5.3% 5.9% Santa Clara, California 5.8% 5.1% 6.0% 5.8% 5.9% Hayward, California 5.4% 6.2% 6.0% 5.7% 5.9% Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 7.0% 6.3% 6.0% 5.7% 5.9% Santa Maria, California 5.5% 8.2% 6.2% 5.5% 5.8% Bakersfield, California 8.1% 6.7% 5.5% 6.1% 5.8% Pasadena, Texas 4.9% 5.4% 5.8% 5.7% 5.8% Billings, Montana 5.7% 6.2% 4.9% 6.7% 5.8% Renton, Washington 6.0% 5.5% 6.0% 5.8% Greeley, Colorado 7.7% 6.6% 5.7% 5.8% 5.8% Santa Rosa, California 6.7% 7.4% 5.3% 6.2% 5.7% Raleigh, North Carolina 6.8% 6.6% 5.3% 6.0% 5.7% Spring Valley, Nevada 3.8% 6.0% 6.1% 5.2% 5.6% Norman, Oklahoma 4.6% 5.1% 7.0% 4.3% 5.6% Fullerton, California 3.1% 2.8% 5.6% 5.5% 5.6% College Station, Texas 4.9% 5.5% 4.7% 6.3% 5.5% Rialto, California 4.8% 5.6% 6.5% 4.5% 5.5% Fort Worth, Texas 7.1% 6.4% 6.1% 4.8% 5.5% Anaheim, California 6.5% 6.9% 5.7% 5.2% 5.4% Riverside, California 5.4% 4.8% 5.4% 5.3% 5.4% Torrance, California 5.7% 4.7% 5.4% 5.2% 5.3% San Jose, California 4.9% 5.7% 5.5% 5.1% 5.3% Sunnyvale, California 6.7% 4.0% 5.6% 4.9% 5.3% Westminster, Colorado 3.3% 4.1% 5.9% 4.6% 5.2% Pembroke Pines, Florida 7.5% 7.1% 6.0% 4.3% 5.2% Colorado Springs, Colorado 7.1% 7.0% 5.8% 4.5% 5.2% Roseville, California 3.9% 4.8% 6.1% 4.2% 5.1% San Mateo, California 7.8% 7.2% 5.2% 5.1% 5.1% Brandon, Florida 2.5% 4.3% 3.7% 6.6% 5.1% Amarillo, Texas 5.9% 7.6% 6.1% 4.2% 5.1% Norwalk, California 7.8% 8.1% 4.6% 5.5% 5.0% Peoria, Arizona 5.5% 4.4% 5.6% 4.5% 5.0% Garden Grove, California 6.6% 6.2% 5.3% 4.6% 5.0% Elgin, Illinois 6.5% 3.1% 4.8% 5.1% 4.9% Chula Vista, California 7.2% 5.2% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% Jurupa Valley, California 4.8% 4.9% 4.8% Fremont, California 4.8% 5.0% 4.5% 5.2% 4.8% Davie, Florida 5.4% 6.2% 6.5% 3.2% 4.8% Odessa, Texas 5.4% 6.7% 4.4% 5.2% 4.8% Clovis, California 5.3% 6.7% 5.5% 4.0% 4.7% Midland, Texas 3.6% 5.4% 5.7% 3.7% 4.7% Irving, Texas 5.3% 6.2% 4.5% 4.9% 4.7% Sterling Heights, Michigan 7.0% 4.9% 5.1% 4.2% 4.7% Boise City, Idaho 6.0% 6.9% 4.7% 4.6% 4.6% West Valley City, Utah 4.0% 3.7% 5.0% 4.3% 4.6% West Covina, California 4.8% 4.6% 4.1% 5.2% 4.6% Coral Springs, Florida 4.4% 4.7% 4.1% 5.1% 4.6% Fort Collins, Colorado 4.5% 5.0% 4.4% 4.8% 4.6% Palm Bay, Florida 2.6% 4.9% 6.2% 3.0% 4.6% Oceanside, California 4.7% 4.3% 5.6% 3.6% 4.6% Irvine, California 4.6% 3.2% 5.0% 4.0% 4.5% Antioch, California 5.8% 5.1% 5.7% 3.3% 4.5% Costa Mesa, California 3.2% 5.5% 6.0% 3.0% 4.5% Chesapeake, Virginia 4.1% 5.0% 4.5% 4.4% 4.5% Garland, Texas 3.7% 4.0% 4.6% 4.4% 4.5% Oxnard, California 8.1% 6.8% 4.3% 4.6% 4.5% Scottsdale, Arizona 4.5% 6.4% 4.4% 4.5% 4.4% Orange, California 5.6% 4.7% 3.7% 5.0% 4.3% Spring Hill, Florida 4.3% 4.5% 3.9% 4.7% 4.3% Ontario, California 7.3% 3.2% 4.6% 3.9% 4.2% Chandler, Arizona 3.6% 3.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% Mesquite, Texas 3.3% 3.4% 4.7% 3.7% 4.2% Arlington, Texas 4.4% 3.7% 4.7% 3.7% 4.2% Provo, Utah 6.7% 4.9% 3.9% 4.5% 4.2% Lewisville, Texas 2.4% 2.9% 4.1% 4.3% 4.2% Virginia Beach, Virginia 4.4% 3.7% 4.9% 3.4% 4.1% Denton, Texas 5.6% 5.1% 4.9% 3.1% 4.0% Moreno Valley, California 4.5% 4.8% 5.0% 2.9% 4.0% Aurora, Illinois 6.4% 4.9% 4.0% 3.8% 3.9% Henderson, Nevada 4.0% 3.1% 2.8% 5.0% 3.9% Naperville, Illinois 2.5% 2.7% 3.3% 4.4% 3.9% Lehigh Acres, Florida 4.9% 3.8% 3.5% 4.2% 3.9% Santa Clarita, California 5.0% 5.7% 4.0% 3.7% 3.9% Murfreesboro, Tennessee 4.9% 5.4% 3.8% 3.8% 3.8% The Woodlands, Texas 7.5% 3.4% 3.3% 4.1% 3.7% Richardson, Texas 3.7% 3.2% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% Arvada, Colorado 4.7% 5.6% 3.7% 3.6% 3.7% Olathe, Kansas 2.5% 4.1% 4.6% 2.7% 3.6% Grand Prairie, Texas 4.5% 4.0% 3.8% 3.3% 3.6% Clarksville, Tennessee 3.3% 4.9% 4.7% 2.4% 3.5% Overland Park, Kansas 3.5% 4.3% 3.9% 3.2% 3.5% Enterprise, Nevada 3.3% 3.7% 2.2% 4.3% 3.3% Thousand Oaks, California 2.2% 2.8% 3.3% 3.2% 3.2% Thornton, Colorado 3.5% 5.3% 3.5% 3.0% 3.2% Vista, California 5.4% 4.2% 3.1% 3.3% 3.2% Simi Valley, California 3.5% 4.3% 2.3% 4.1% 3.2% Broken Arrow, Oklahoma 1.7% 1.8% 3.2% 3.0% 3.1% McKinney, Texas 3.5% 2.5% 3.8% 2.4% 3.1% Corona, California 3.0% 3.6% 3.5% 2.6% 3.1% Port St. Lucie, Florida 2.3% 3.7% 3.6% 2.6% 3.1% Cape Coral, Florida 2.1% 3.4% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% Fontana, California 4.7% 5.3% 3.1% 2.7% 2.9% Downey, California 4.0% 4.6% 3.7% 2.1% 2.9% Rancho Cucamonga, California 2.4% 3.4% 2.7% 3.0% 2.9% Round Rock, Texas 4.5% 2.0% 2.8% 2.7% 2.8% Carlsbad, California 3.1% 2.2% 2.2% 3.0% 2.6% Elk Grove, California 2.2% 3.2% 3.4% 1.8% 2.6% Plano, Texas 3.5% 3.3% 2.8% 2.4% 2.6% Huntington Beach, California 3.6% 4.0% 2.6% 2.2% 2.4% Miramar, Florida 2.0% 3.0% 2.5% 2.3% 2.4% Carrollton, Texas 4.0% 3.7% 2.2% 2.5% 2.4% Centennial, Colorado 3.3% 3.1% 2.6% 1.7% 2.2% Murrieta, California 2.4% 2.2% 3.5% 0.7% 2.1% Highlands Ranch, Colorado 1.3% 1.0% 2.7% 1.5% 2.1% Cary, North Carolina 2.0% 2.9% 2.4% 1.4% 1.9% Pearland, Texas 2.6% 1.3% 2.4% 1.4% 1.9% Surprise, Arizona 1.9% 2.0% 2.4% 1.3% 1.9% League City, Texas 3.3% 1.7% 2.6% 1.0% 1.8% Gilbert, Arizona 1.5% 1.6% 1.9% 1.7% 1.8% West Jordan, Utah 2.3% 3.1% 1.9% 1.3% 1.6% Frisco, Texas 1.8% 2.3% 1.1% 2.0% 1.5% Temecula, California 3.8% 2.9% 1.0% 2.0% 1.5%

Data shown for local jurisdictions with populations exceeding 100,000. Source: One-year U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey estimates

City Vehicles Per Household

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