WASHINGTON — The White House accelerated its efforts on Thursday to bolster data privacy laws and announced a bid to scrutinize discriminatory pricing on the Internet, pressing to exert control on the use of data in Americans’ lives.

A year after President Obama ordered a review of the vast collection and use of digital information by private companies, his top advisers announced that they had recruited a Republican ally for a bill to protect data collected from students’ educational apps. They said they were redoubling efforts to push broader measures, so far stalled in Congress, to safeguard consumer privacy.

And in a report released by Mr. Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers, White House officials said they would scrutinize companies’ use of personal data to charge different customers different prices online.

“This big data revolution presents incredible opportunities to transform health care, boost economic productivity and to make government work better and save taxpayer dollars,” said John D. Podesta, the counselor to the president, who has been leading the effort, “but at the same time, those technologies raise concerns about how we protect personal privacy and our other values.”