FRANKFURT — The International Monetary Fund, warning of “a sizable risk” that some euro zone countries could suffer a debilitating decline in prices, called on Wednesday for the European Central Bank to pump money into the region’s economy by buying huge volumes of government bonds.

Such bond buying, which the Federal Reserve has undertaken in recent years to stimulate the United States economy, is a move the central bank has resisted, one that would probably outrage the fiscal disciplinarians of Germany.

And it is unclear whether the I.M.F.’s public push for big spending by the central bank will make it more or less likely for the bank’s president, Mario Draghi, to act. He, like any central banker, wants to appear immune to outside pressure.

But the I.M.F. is well respected, and its warning of deflation, a destructive plunge in prices, could help give the central bank the economic rationale to use the stimulus of buying billions of euros in government bonds.