The word 'cannabis' is generally used to describe a variety of plant phenotypes that fall under the taxonomic classification Cannabis sativa L. Contrary to what many people think, 'cannabis' can encompass much more than just the dried flowers and leaves of the plant. Today, cannabis, also known as marijuana, is grown all over the world. It can be grown in virtually any climate, and due to recent high demand, it is being cultivated indoors in massive quantities using expansive hydroponic technology.



Cannabis is of course often smoked in the form of a joint, but thanks to recent research showing the positive healing properties of the plant, many different consumption techniques are now common - including things like edibles, topical lotions, and oils. Each product has specific healing properties and is aimed at helping different medical conditions.



When referring to the actual cannabis plant, you will find that while it can be grown in many parts of the world, it mostly flourishes in mild climates. The plant itself is characterized by its iconic fan leaves and dense flowers, which are complete with a gorgeous arrangement of crystalline trichomes.



Cannabis is often categorized into three sub-species (Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis), though this taxonomic breakdown is more of an anecdotal 'acceptance' rather than a true evidence-based classification.



Cannabis sativa – These plants tend to be tall, with thin leaves and widely - spaced branches. Sativa-derived products are commonly used for both recreational and medical purposes. Cannabis sativa plants are suitable for outdoor gardens, and they tend to provide patients with uplifting, energizing properties. Sativa strains are often used to treat depression, ADD, fatigue, and mood disorders, among many other things.



Cannabis indica – Indica plants subtly juxtapose the traditional sativa phenotype. These plants are often short and dense, with stubby leaves and trichome-packed flowers. While indica can grow well outdoors, they are most often suited for indoor, climate-controlled operations. Indica strains are often smoked by patients during the evening, as the cannabinoid and terpene profile of the plants tend to provide sedating, sleep-promoting effects. For this reason, indica strains are often used to help treat anxiety, insomnia, muscle spasms, and more.



Cannabis ruderalis – Certainly the most mysterious of the three cannabis sub-species, ruderalis plants are quite rare. They are characterized by varied leaflets in the mature leaves, and are extremely hardy, resilient plants that do well even in the harshest of outdoor conditions. In the past, ruderalis cultivars have been used to create sativa and indica hybrids that offer select traits.



It is important to understand that each strain of cannabis has its own characteristics, and can help treat different medical conditions.