There are different uses and potential applications in light of the fact that this is one of the most genetically diverse group found on Earth. According to scientists, they have helped create an oxidizing atmosphere on Earth in the early stages of life formation. In the process of producing organic matter, cyanobacteria release oxygen into the atmosphere. Many types use nitrogen fixation to produce usable forms of nitrogen as well. Some types of bacteria are used in biotechnology, as a fertilizer, and as a food source.

Aquatic organisms of this type have simple reproductive and vegetative functions and structures compared to other species. They live in aquatic environments such as oceans, estuaries, rivers, lakes, and ponds. Some types can be found in snow and soils while others live in symbiosis with lichens or fungi. Some aquatic species are attached while others are free-floating. Cyanobacteria, also known as green-blue algae, are prokaryotic organisms (bacteria) while algae are eukaryotic meaning that they have cells containing organelles and a nucleus.

Blue-green algae for example, are rich in proteins and essential vitamins. In fact, green-blue algae such as Spirulina are packed with nutrients such as niacin, inositol, folic acid, cobalamin, and choline. They also contain biotin and ascorbic acid and minerals such as manganese, magnesium, iron, iodine, and germanium. Spirulina is also a good source of minerals such as chloride, calcium, and boron. It is also an excellent source of amino acids such as glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and arginine. Products that contain green-blue algaе offer multiple health benefits and are used to alleviate the symptoms of depression, anxiety, fatigue, and stress. According to some studies spirulina-based products also aid weight loss and alleviate PMS. The reason is that certain substances contained in Spirulina have antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. Spirulina is also good for heart health according to some studies. There are potential applications in pharmacy as well, because cyanobacteria are capable of producing substances that have anti-cancerigenous, antibiotic, and antifungal properties. They also produce strong toxins. Some types such as Oscillatoria, for example, can be used as an indicator of pollution levels.

Ecosystem Health and Blooms

Cyanobacteria and algae, in general, are a food source for snails, insects, zooplankton, and other species. Large colonies are also the home to small animals. They help sustain ecosystem health. The presence of some forms indicates favorable conditions and nutrient-rich waters. The presence of others indicates the opposite. Under certain conditions some forms proliferate and form blooms. They are known to affect ecosystems and water treatment plant functioning.

Treatment Methods

Different treatment methods are used, including biological inactivation, chemicals, physical removal, and others. The treatment method depends on the specific toxin released by different forms of cyanobacteria. Chemicals are often used, including hydrogen peroxide, copper sulphate, and others. That being sad, some forms are more beneficial (contribute to ecosystem health) than others. Some chrysophytes, diatoms, and cyanobacteria produce unpleasant odor, toxins and taste compounds. These substances cause water to taste and smell bad.

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