HONG KONG — A pro-democracy demonstration on Sunday near the United States Consulate in Hong Kong quickly devolved into vandalism and street chaos, suggesting that protesters were not mollified by a recent concession from the city’s leader.

The violence came on the heels of the first notable displays of unrest since Carrie Lam, the city’s leader, announced on Wednesday that she would formally withdraw the contentious extradition bill that spurred the protests in June.

The march to the consulate on Sunday was an effort to drum up support for a bill that is moving through the United States Congress. It would penalize officials in mainland China and Hong Kong who suppress freedoms in the semiautonomous Chinese territory, and require an annual justification for why the United States should offer Hong Kong special trade and business privileges.