1. Ceriello , A & Testa , R ( 2009 ) Antioxidant anti-inflammatory treatment in type 2 diabetes . Diabetes Care 32 , Suppl. 2 , S232 – S236 .

2. Zafra-Stone , S , Yasmin , T , Bagchi , M , et al. ( 2007 ) Berry anthocyanins as novel antioxidants in human health and disease prevention . Mol Nutr Food Res 51 , 675 – 683 .

3. Tsuda , T ( 2008 ) Regulation of adipocyte function by anthocyanins; possibility of preventing the metabolic syndrome . J Agric Food Chem 56 , 642 – 646 .

4. Neto , CC ( 2007 ) Cranberry and blueberry: evidence for protective effects against cancer and vascular diseases . Mol Nutr Food Res 51 , 652 – 664 .

5. Basu , A , Du , M , Leyva , MJ , et al. ( 2010 ) Blueberries decrease cardiovascular risk factors in obese men and women with metabolic syndrome . J Nutr 140 , 1582 – 1587 .

6. Stull , AJ , Cash , KC , Johnson , WD , et al. ( 2010 ) Bioactives in blueberries improve insulin sensitivity in obese, insulin-resistant men and women . J Nutr 140 , 1764 – 1768 .

7. Karlsen , A , Paur , I , Bøhn , SK , et al. ( 2010 ) Bilberry juice modulates plasma concentration of NF-κB related inflammatory markers in subjects at increased risk of CVD . Eur J Nutr 49 , 345 – 355 .

8. Prior , RL , Wilkes , SE , Rogers , TR , et al. ( 2010 ) Purified blueberry anthocyanins and blueberry juice alter development of obesity in mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet . J Agric Food Chem 58 , 3970 – 3976 .

9. DeFuria , J , Bennett , G , Strissel , KJ , et al. ( 2009 ) Dietary blueberry attenuates whole-body insulin resistance in high fat-fed mice by reducing adipocyte death and its inflammatory sequelae . J Nutr 139 , 1510 – 1516 .

10. Prior , RL , Wu , X , Gu , L , et al. ( 2008 ) Whole berries versus berry anthocyanins: interactions with dietary fat levels in the C57BL/6J mouse model of obesity . J Agric Food Chem 56 , 647 – 653 .

11. Guo , H , Li , D , Ling , W , et al. ( 2011 ) Anthocyanin inhibits high glucose-induced hepatic mtGPAT1 activation and prevents fatty acid synthesis through PKCζ . J Lipid Res 52 , 908 – 922 .

12. Jayaprakasam , B , Olson , LK , Schutzki , RE , et al. ( 2006 ) Amelioration of obesity and glucose intolerance in high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice by anthocyanins and ursolic acid in Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) . J Agric Food Chem 54 , 243 – 248 .

13. Welsch , CA , Lachance , PA & Wasserman , BP ( 1989 ) Dietary phenolic compounds: inhibition of Na+-dependent d -glucose uptake in rat intestinal brush border membrane vesicles . J Nutr 119 , 1698 – 1704 .

14. Matsui , T , Tanaka , T , Tamura , S , et al. ( 2007 ) α-Glucosidase inhibitory profile of catechins and theaflavins . J Agric Food Chem 55 , 99 – 105 .

15. Hanamura , T ( 2006 ) Antihyperglycemic effect of polyphenols from acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) fruit . Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 70 , 1813 – 1820 .

16. Hanamura , T , Hagiwara , T & Kawagishi , H ( 2005 ) Structural and functional characterization of polyphenols isolated from acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) fruit . Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 69 , 280 – 286 .

17. Iwai , K , Kim , M , Onodera , A , et al. ( 2006 ) α-Glucosidase inhibitory and antihyperglycemic effects of polyphenols in the fruit of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb . J Agric Food Chem 54 , 4588 – 4592 .

18. Kobayashi , Y , Suzuki , M , Satsu , H , et al. ( 2000 ) Green tea polyphenols inhibit the sodium-dependent glucose transporter of intestinal epithelial cells by a competitive mechanism . J Agric Food Chem 48 , 5618 – 5623 .

19. Song , J , Kwon , O , Chen , S , et al. ( 2002 ) Flavonoid inhibition of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) and glucose transporter isoform 2 (GLUT2), intestinal transporters for vitamin C and glucose . J Biol Chem 277 , 15252 – 15260 .

20. Cermak , R , Landgraf , S & Wolffram , S ( 2004 ) Quercetin glucosides inhibit glucose uptake into brush-border-membrane vesicles of porcine jejunum . Br J Nutr 91 , 849 – 855 .

21. Johnston , K , Sharp , P , Clifford , M , et al. ( 2005 ) Dietary polyphenols decrease glucose uptake by human intestinal Caco-2 cells . FEBS Lett 579 , 1653 – 1657 .

22. Matsui , T , Ebuchi , S , Kobayashi , M , et al. ( 2002 ) Anti-hyperglycemic effect of diacylated anthocyanin derived from Ipomoea batatas cultivar Ayamurasaki can be achieved through the α-glucosidase inhibitory action . J Agric Food Chem 50 , 7244 – 7248 .

23. Törrönen , R , Sarkkinen , E , Tapola , N , et al. ( 2010 ) Berries modify the postprandial plasma glucose response to sucrose in healthy subjects . Br J Nutr 103 , 1094 – 1097 .

24. Wilson , T , Singh , AP , Vorsa , N , et al. ( 2008 ) Human glycemic response and phenolic content of unsweetened cranberry juice . J Med Food 11 , 46 – 54 .

25. Orskov , C , Rabenhoj , L , Wettergren , A , et al. ( 1994 ) Tissue and plasma concentrations of amidated and glycine-extended glucagon-like peptide I in humans . Diabetes 43 , 535 – 539 .

26. Benzie , IF & Strain , JJ ( 1996 ) The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay . Anal Biochem 239 , 70 – 76 .

27. Dragsted , LO , Pedersen , A , Hermetter , A , et al. ( 2004 ) The 6-a-day study: effects of fruit and vegetables on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidative defense in healthy nonsmokers . Am J Clin Nutr 79 , 1060 – 1072 .

28. Törrönen , R , Kolehmainen , M , Sarkkinen , E , et al. ( 2012 ) Postprandial glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid responses to sucrose consumed with blackcurrants and lingonberries in healthy women . Am J Clin Nutr 96 , 527 – 533 .

29. Johnston , KL , Clifford , MN & Morgan , LM ( 2002 ) Possible role for apple juice phenolic compounds in the acute modification of glucose tolerance and gastrointestinal hormone secretion in humans . J Sci Food Agric 82 , 1800 – 1805 .

30. Törrönen , R , Sarkkinen , E , Niskanen , T , et al. ( 2012 ) Postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 responses to sucrose ingested with berries in healthy subjects . Br J Nutr 107 , 1445 – 1451 .

31. Panee , J ( 2012 ) Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in obesity and diabetes . Cytokine 60 , 1 – 12 .

32. Adisakwattana , S , Ngamrojanavanich , N , Kalampakorn , K , et al. ( 2004 ) Inhibitory activity of cyanidin-3-rutinoside on α-glucosidase . J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 19 , 313 – 316 .

33. Akkarachiyasit , S , Yibchok-Anun , S , Wacharasindhu , S , et al. ( 2011 ) In vitro inhibitory effects of cyandin-3-rutinoside on pancreatic α-amylase and its combined effect with acarbose . Molecules 16 , 2075 – 2083 .

34. Adisakwattana , S , Charoenlertkul , P & Yibchok-Anun , S ( 2009 ) α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of cyanidin-3-galactoside and synergistic effect with acarbose . J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 24 , 65 – 69 .

35. Buchert , J , Koponen , JM , Suutarinen , M , et al. ( 2005 ) Effect of enzyme-aided pressing on anthocyanin yield and profiles in bilberry and blackcurrant juices . J Sci Food Agric 85 , 2548 – 2556 .

36. Schäfer , A & Högger , P ( 2007 ) Oligomeric procyanidins of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®) effectively inhibit α-glucosidase . Diabetes Res Clin Pract 77 , 41 – 46 .

37. Kumar , S , Narwal , S , Kumar , V , et al. ( 2011 ) α-Glucosidase inhibitors from plants: a natural approach to treat diabetes . Pharmacogn Rev 5 , 19 – 29 .

38. Cai , H , Thomasset , SC , Berry , DP , et al. ( 2011 ) Determination of anthocyanins in the urine of patients with colorectal liver metastases after administration of bilberry extract . Biomed Chromatogr 25 , 660 – 663 .

39. Cooke , DN , Thomasset , S , Boocock , DJ , et al. ( 2006 ) Development of analyses by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtilus) anthocyanins in human plasma and urine . J Agric Food Chem 54 , 7009 – 7013 .

40. Levin , RJ ( 1994 ) Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates – from molecules and membranes to humans . Am J Clin Nutr 59 , Suppl. 3 , 690S – 698S .

41. Määttä-Riihinen , KR , Kamal-Eldin , A , Mattila , PH , et al. ( 2004 ) Distribution and contents of phenolic compounds in eighteen Scandinavian berry species . J Agric Food Chem 52 , 4477 – 4486 .

42. Määttä-Riihinen , KR , Kamal-Eldin , A & Törrönen , AR ( 2004 ) Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in berries of Fragaria and Rubus species (family Rosaceae) . J Agric Food Chem 52 , 6178 – 6187 .

43. Mattila , P , Hellström , J & Törrönen , R ( 2006 ) Phenolic acids in berries, fruits, and beverages . J Agric Food Chem 54 , 7193 – 7199 .

44. Wood , PJ ( 2007 ) Cereal β-glucans in diet and health . J Cereal Sci 46 , 230 – 238 .

45. Thom , E ( 2007 ) The effect of chlorogenic acid enriched coffee on glucose absorption in healthy volunteers and its effect on body mass when used long-term in overweight and obese people . J Int Med Res 35 , 900 – 908 .