The game ain’t what it used to be. Goalkeepers are wearing leggings, strikers are instagramming from private jets, defenders are trying to pass the ball, everything is in flux. To confirm the point, a group of wonks at Uefa published a report this past week analysing the trends in European football, from attendances to commercial revenues and transfer fees. Much of it made for interesting reading. Here are seven of the more striking observations that show how football is changing.

The Championship hits the big leagues

From even a cursory glance of Uefa’s Club Licensing Benchmarking Report what is striking is how much English football dominates the landscape. It is obvious in figures such as wage bills and transfer fees (English clubs pay more and spend more often) but also applies to stuff that has nothing to do with TV money, such as attendances. According to the report, not only are West Ham the seventh biggest club in Europe (averaging 56,972 spectators a match in 2016-17) but the Championship is the third biggest league. That’s according to aggregate attendance and, whereas it is seventh in average crowds at 20,084, that’s not far off the 20,963 of France’s Ligue 1.

Arsenal: No 1 in Europe

For ticket prices, that is. The Gunners boast an average “yield” per spectator of €97.8. Juventus, meanwhile, take less than half that, at €44.5, and Paris Saint-Germain just over a third. The figure was calculated by rolling together all types of ticketing and, once again, English clubs dominate the list. The average gate receipt per person in the Premier League in 2015-16 was €50.1. Prices in Italy and France were less than half that.





Inequality is for football too

We are used to reading about the super-rich getting richer. Well this applies to football as well. The benchmarking report makes reference to what it calls “the Global 12”, the biggest clubs in the world who are operating in a different stratosphere to the rest. This is apparent from the cumulative value of players on their books to the size of their internet following. But the clearest distinction between the biggest clubs and the rest is in money earned through sponsorship. While most clubs in Europe’s top divisions generate the majority of their revenue from TV, the very biggest make it from sponsorship. The top 12 clubs take 40% of all sponsorship revenue, an astonishing €2.4bn.

There is an I in team

The report spends a fair few pages looking at football’s digital footprint, and it is apparent that players can be bigger than clubs. Twelve footballers, for example, have more than 10m Twitter followers. Only five clubs had reached that milestone at the time the report was collated. Barcelona and Real Madrid are by far the most popular clubs on social media, but Cristiano Ronaldo is more popular than either. As clubs focus more of their commercial strategy on digital platforms, this will be a statistic to watch.

Barcelona: mes que un club

One further tidbit to come out of the digital numbers regards La Liga’s giants. When calculating the nationality of visitors to club websites, the report finds that seven of the top eight clubs have more visitors from abroad than from their own country. Barcelona boast the highest percentage in that list with 91% of their visitors coming from overseas. More specifically, Barça’s site gets 9.5% of its users from the United States, compared with 8.9% from Spain. Truly an international attraction.

Everyone wants a Frenchman

Transfer spending keeps going up with €5.6bn spent across Europe last summer, well over double the total five years previously (€2.3bn in 2012). The Premier League spent the most at €1.682bn, just about the same as Italy and France combined and streets ahead of Spain and Germany. Across the continent there were more high value (€15m-plus) transfers than ever before (96, up from 71 in 2016) and, with a total of 11, French players were the most common nationality in that list.

Football’s enduring gold rush

The introduction to the report makes it plain: “Few, if any, activities come close to matching the continuous 10% year-on-year growth in revenues that European club football has generated since the turn of the century.” The total revenue of clubs in Europe’s top divisions has tripled since 2000. In the financial year to 2016, 48 clubs made more than €100m. The richest are growing faster than the rest, yes, but 27 leagues across Europe reported growth of more than 10%. This is possible because, driven by television, the audience for football keeps growing. It shows no signs of stopping.