

What is the Variation in Measurement System? → It is sometimes described as spread or dispersion to distinguish it from systematic trends or differences.

→ Measures of variation are either properties of a probability distribution or sample estimates of them.

→ The range of a sample is the difference between the largest and smallest value.

→ The observed variation in process output is not simply due to the process itself, but it is due to the process and gauge that results in an inadequate Measurement System .

→ It is mentioned in the below picture.









Classification of Variation in Measurement System: → The classification is mentioned in the below picture.





[1] The actual process variation is due to the below parameter in the system

⇢ e.g. Cycle time

⇢ Dimension data

⇢ Number of defects

⇢ Some other factor





[2] The measurement system variation further divided into two parts

⇢ (A) Precision (related to variability): It is the closeness between the measured value, how close all value to each other

⇢ (B) Accuracy (related to a central location): It is the closeness between the true value and measured value.

➨ Read about Precision and Accuracy with examples

⇢ (A) Precision is divided into 3 parts

(a) Resolution: It is the ability of the instrument with an operator to detect small changes in the characteristic of the object.

(b) Repeatability: It is due to the error in gauge

(c) Reproducibility: It is due to the operator's error or we can say that appraiser's error

➨ Read about Repeatability and Reproducibility → It is sometimes described as spread or dispersion to distinguish it from systematic trends or differences.→ Measures of variation are either properties of a probability distribution or sample estimates of them.→ The range of a sample is the difference between the largest and smallest value.→ The observed variation in process output is not simply due to the process itself, but it is due to the process and gauge that results in an inadequate→ It is mentioned in the below picture.→ The classification is mentioned in the below picture.[1] The actual process variation is due to the below parameter in the system⇢ e.g. Cycle time⇢ Dimension data⇢ Number of defects⇢ Some other factor[2] The measurement system variation further divided into two parts⇢ (A) Precision (related to variability): It is the closeness between the measured value, how close all value to each other⇢ (B) Accuracy (related to a central location): It is the closeness between the true value and measured value.with examples⇢ (A) Precision is divided into 3 parts(a) Resolution: It is the ability of the instrument with an operator to detect small changes in the characteristic of the object.(b) Repeatability: It is due to the error in gauge(c) Reproducibility: It is due to the operator's error or we can say that appraiser's error

Causes of Measurement Variation:

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with examples⇢ (B) Accuracy is divided into 3 parts(a) Linearity: It is the bias with respect to length(b) Bias: It is the difference between the average measured value with true value.(c) Stability: It is the bias with respect to time.with examples→ The purpose of the system is to validate before they are considered as true data and used as a basis for decision making.→ Refer to some of the below important causes.[1] People:→ People are the most important factor in this.→ Due to the repetitive activity of measurement, it becomes a monotonous task and sometimes errors are made.→ Also, sometimes employees intentionally avoid work due to some other reason and manipulate the readings.[2] Equipment/Instrument:→ Faulty equipment or instrument is another major factor that results in getting inaccurate readings.→ The equipment or instrument is not calibrated then we can not rely on that. It is not recommended. → Due to continuous use instruments wear out.→ Regular maintenance and calibration of the instrument are essential.[3] Complex Calculation:→ Sometimes, due to complex calculations, the possibility of error is due to a lack of proper communication or selection of proper data set.[4] Lack of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP):→ It is important that the standard operating procedure should be available for any operation or measurement.→ Also, it should be communicated to every person that needs to know it.