“The economic opportunities are enormous,” said State Representative Peter Barca, a Democrat who represents a district where the Foxconn factory would be built. “The housing industry would blossom. The construction industry would be booming. Virtually every construction company would have a piece of the action.”

In July, as Mr. Walker stood in the Santiago Calatrava-designed Milwaukee Art Museum for a local Foxconn announcement that followed an elaborate unveiling of the deal at the White House with President Trump and Paul D. Ryan, the House speaker, he said he was moved to tears when he saw a local television report that showed bar patrons applauding news of the plant. “That’s what it’s all about,” he said.

Some residents of Paris, a tranquil rural community in the southeastern corner of the state that is among the locations being eyed by Foxconn as a possible site, said they welcomed an influx of jobs that Foxconn could bring.

But they said they are blindsided by the way the deal is happening — at lightning speed, with relatively little input from the public and a promise from Mr. Walker that Foxconn can bypass certain regulations protecting the environment.

“Right now I have more questions than answers,” said Susan Myres, 45, who sells antiques and farms hay with her husband, Jason. “It sounds like it’s going to be a company that will come in and bulldoze everything. How is it going to change the landscape here? It’s hard to comprehend.”

Under the legislative package being considered in Madison, Foxconn would be exempt from regulations that protect state wetlands and it would be permitted to forego a detailed environmental analysis that is usually required for large projects, moves proponents of the deal say would speed the process. The incentive package for Foxconn was designed to give Wisconsin an advantage in a highly competitive business landscape, with states like Michigan vying for a Foxconn factory within their own borders. Advocates have long complained that the Walker administration has neglected environmental concerns, citing budget cuts to the state Department of Natural Resources.

“Our government is willing to sacrifice things like the environment that are irreplaceable to the people, just for commerce,” said Bill Keyes, 71, a retired carpenter, drinking coffee with his wife, Kathy, outside their farmhouse in Paris. “These rules on the environment are hard-won victories, and they’re being ignored, like they don’t mean anything.”