The system of apartheid - this hateful, spiteful system of neo-slavery - its blueprint was drawn up in New York City by the Carnegie Corporation of New York... Part of their purpose and intention was to build a wall between poor Afrikaners and poor Africans, to prevent a kind of class unity between and amongst them that could challenge the ruling elite. So with apartheid you see the organization of state-controlled corporations and a kind of affirmative action for poor Afrikaners, to uplift them in the economy and give them a stake in the system so they would distance themselves from their poor African counterparts.

Historian Gerald Horne explores the intersection of White supremacy, Cold War politics and global liberation movements in southern Africa - as the struggle against colonialism and apartheid oriented itself within the larger conflict between capitalist and socialist states, the ANC and solidarity movements won major (but compromised and incomplete) victories against regimes of racial and economic exploitation.

Gerald is author of White Supremacy Confronted: U.S. Imperialism and Anti-Communism vs. the Liberation of Southern Africa from Rhodes to Mandela from International Publishers.