Dubai, United Arab Emirates — Global energy prices spiked on Monday after a weekend attack on key oil facilities in Saudi Arabia caused the worst disruption to world supplies on record. President Trump has warned the U.S. is "locked and loaded" to respond as two of his cabinet members blame the attack on Iran.

U.S. officials offered satellite images of the damage at the heart of the kingdom's crucial Abqaiq oil processing plant and a key oil field, alleging the pattern of destruction suggested the attack on Saturday came from either Iraq or Iran — rather than Yemen, as claimed by Iranian-backed Houthi rebels there.

Iran for its part called the U.S. allegations "maximum lies" and denied any role in the attack on the Saudi facilities.

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Actions on any side could break into the open a twilight war that's been raging just below the surface of the wider Persian Gulf in recent months.

Already, there have been mysterious attacks on oil tankers that America blames on Tehran, at least one suspected Israeli strike on Shiite forces in Iraq, and Iran has shot down a U.S. military surveillance drone.

Crude spikes, then settles up 10%

Benchmark Brent crude gained nearly 20% in the first moments of trading Monday before settling down to 10% higher as trading continued. A barrel of Brent traded up $6 to $66.28.

U.S. benchmark West Texas crude was up around 9%.

Saturday's attack halted production of 5.7 million barrels of crude a day, more than half of Saudi Arabia's global daily exports and more than 5% of the world's daily crude oil production. Most of that output goes to Asia.

At 5.7 million barrels of crude oil a day, the Saudi disruption would be the greatest on record for world markets, according to figures from the Paris-based International Energy Agency. It just edges out the 5.6 million-barrels-a-day disruption around the time of Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution, according to the IEA.

Reaching into the reserves?

Saudi Arabia has pledged that its stockpiles would keep global markets supplied as it rushes to repair damage at the Abqaiq facility and its Khurais oil field.

The Trump administration, meanwhile, said it was prepared to tap the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve "if needed" to maintain a consistent supply and prevent a massive price hike. The Reserve is a stockpile of about 695 million barrels of crude, maintained by the Department of Energy, to deploy precisely for the purpose of mitigating fluctuations in the global oil supply. The Department of Energy says the reserve is sufficient to cover "the equivalent of 143 days of import protection."

A statement from DOE Press Secretary Shaylyn Hynes, written just hours after the attack on the Saudi facility, said the agency "stands ready to deploy resources from the Strategic Petroleum Oil Reserves ... if necessary to offset any disruptions to oil markets as a result of this act of aggression."

Mr. Trump said in a series of tweets that he had also "informed all appropriate agencies to expedite approvals of the oil pipelines currently in the permitting process in Texas and various other States," to try to increase domestic U.S. production.

Because we have done so well with Energy over the last few years (thank you, Mr. President!), we are a net Energy Exporter, & now the Number One Energy Producer in the World. We don’t need Middle Eastern Oil & Gas, & in fact have very few tankers there, but will help our Allies! — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) September 16, 2019

On Monday, Mr. Trump insisted in a tweet "We don't need Middle Eastern Oil & Gas." He credited himself in the same tweet for making the U.S. the "Number One Energy Producer in the World."

A fuel price expert told CBS News transportation correspondent Kris Van Cleave on Monday, however, that the attack on the Saudi facility was likely to drive the average cost of a gallon of gas in the U.S. up 10 to 25 cents. He called that level of price rise "annoying, but not likely to change consumer behavior."

Van Cleave said how long the spike in gas prices will last depends on how fast the Saudis are able to restore production. As of Monday, the kingdom had not said how long it would take to repair all the damage, but suggested some of the production capacity could be restored this week.

If it persists, the expert said we could there could be more significant increases in the weeks to come.

"Locked and loaded"

Mr. Trump said over the weekend that the U.S. had reason to believe it knows who was behind the attack — his secretary of state had blamed Iran the previous day. He assured his Twitter followers that "we are ... locked and loaded" depending on verification and were waiting to hear from the Saudis as to who they believe was behind the attack and "under what terms we would proceed!"

Saudi Arabia's military spokesman indicated Monday that the kingdom believed Iranian-made drones carried out the attack, but he did not go so far as to blame the strike on its arch-rival, Iran.

Military spokesman Col. Turki al-Maliki said the kingdom's initial investigations showed "the terrorist attack did not come from Yemen as claimed by the Houthi militia."

"This terrorist attack is a large-scale cowardly act, and as I said, targets the global economy and not just the kingdom," al-Malki said. "All the indications and operational evidence, and the weapons that were used in the terrorist attack, whether in Buqayq or Khurais, indicate with initial evidence that these weapons are Iranian weapons."

On Monday, Energy Secretary Rick Perry also put the blame squarely on Iran. Perry said in a tweet that the global oil market was "resilient and will respond positively" to measures by the U.S. to prevent a long-term price rise due to what he called "Iran's attack on the global economy and energy markets."

"The United States wholeheartedly condemns Iran's attack on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We call on other nations to do the same," Perry said at a conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, Austria. "This behavior is unacceptable and they must be held responsible."

The Department of @ENERGY stands ready to release oil from the SPR deemed sufficient to offset Iran’s attack on the global economy and energy markets. The market is resilient and will respond positively! https://t.co/gyh2YSzasC — Rick Perry (@SecretaryPerry) September 16, 2019

There was less certainty from London, where British Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab called the attack "a wanton violation of international law," but said it was still "not entirely clear" who was to blame.

"I want to have a very clear picture, which we will be having shortly," Raab said. "It's a very serious, an outrageous act, and we need to have a clear and as united as possible international response to it."

The Houthi rebels in Yemen reiterated their claim of responsibility, meanwhile, and warned Monday that they could attack Saudi infrastructure again "at any moment."

"We assure the Saudi regime that our long military arm can reach wherever we want, at the time we set," a spokesman for the Houthi military command said in a message sent via social media. The message demanded the Saudi government halt its "aggression and siege on Yemen."

Mr. Trump's tweets followed a National Security Council meeting at the White House that included Vice President Mike Pence, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Defense Secretary Mark Esper.

A U.S. official said all options, including a military response, were on the table, but said no decisions had been made Sunday. The official spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss the internal deliberations.

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Mr. Trump's "locked and loaded" comment mirrors similar remarks he made following Iran shooting down a U.S. military surveillance drone in June. However, the president said he pulled back from retaliating against Iran at the last minute.

U.S. officials also offered highly detailed satellite photos of the Saudi sites that show damage suggesting the attack came from the north, where Iran or Iraq are, rather than from Yemen to the south.

Iraq's prime minister has denied the attack came from his country, where Iranian-backed Shiite rebels operate, and said Pompeo told him personally in a phone call on Monday that "the information they (the U.S.) have confirms the statement of the Iraqi government that its territory was not used in the implementation of this attack."

Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Abbas Mousavi on Sunday dismissed the U.S. allegations as "blind and futile comments."

Remember when Iran shot down a drone, saying knowingly that it was in their “airspace” when, in fact, it was nowhere close. They stuck strongly to that story knowing that it was a very big lie. Now they say that they had nothing to do with the attack on Saudi Arabia. We’ll see? — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) September 16, 2019

"The Americans adopted the 'maximum pressure' policy against Iran, which, due to its failure, is leaning toward 'maximum lies,'" Mousavi said.

The U.S. satellite photos appear to show the attack on Abqaiq may have struck the most-sensitive part of the facility, its stabilization area.

This image provided on September 15, 2019, by the U.S. government and DigitalGlobe and annotated by the source, shows damage to the infrastructure at Saudi Aramco's Kuirais oil field in Buqyaq, Saudi Arabia. AP/DigitalGlobe

The Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies has said the area includes "storage tanks and processing and compressor trains — which greatly increases the likelihood of a strike successfully disrupting or destroying its operations."

Stabilization means processing so-called sour crude oil into sweet crude. That allows it to be transported onto transshipment points on the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, or to refineries for local production.