Also this month, a federal trial judge in Montana, which is part of the Ninth Circuit, blocked Mr. Trump’s decision to allow construction of the Keystone XL oil pipeline, saying the administration failed to present a “reasoned explanation” for the move and “simply discarded” the effect the project would have on climate change.

Mr. Trump pointed out on Tuesday that the Supreme Court in June had reversed a ruling from the Ninth Circuit blocking his order limiting travel from several predominantly Muslim nations. Mr. Trump vowed to win the asylum case in the Supreme Court, too.

The Ninth Circuit has a reputation for being frequently reversed by the justices, but its reversal rate is only a little higher than average and not as high as that of some other circuits.

Mr. Trump vowed to take steps to address his unhappiness with the court. “I’ll tell you what,” he said, “it’s not going to happen like this anymore.” But it was not clear what he proposed to do.

“The Ninth Circuit is really something we have to take a look at because it’s not fair,” he said. “People should not be allowed to immediately run to this very friendly circuit and file their case.”

Limiting the court’s jurisdiction would require legislation and could raise constitutional issues. But there are other ways Mr. Trump could address his misgivings about the court.

The most obvious is to change its composition of 16 Democratic appointees and seven Republican ones. Mr. Trump has already appointed two judges to the court, and he has six more vacancies to fill. Once he does, the court, which is authorized to have 29 active judges, will be nearly evenly divided between Democratic and Republican appointees.