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W.Y., J.Z. and G.M. contributed equally to this work and should be considered co‐first authors

Conflicts of interest: none to declare.

Funding sources: This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81602777).

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A.

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A.

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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