







With time old programming languages become obsolete while new programming languages are launched, but they never gain traction. A common question amongst beginners (and coders alike) is the programming language they should invest learning in, that is in demand, stable outlook, and plenty of jobs.

Here, is a list of top 10 languages that you should learn –

1) Python

Created: Python language developed by Guido van Rossum. It was first released in 1991.

Pros:

Supports multiple systems and platforms

Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) driven.

Helps to improve Programmer's Productivity

Allows you to scale even the most complex applications with ease

Extensive Support Libraries

Cons:

Note ideal for Mobile Computing

Python's database access layer is bit underdeveloped and primitive.

Usage/Application: Web and Internet Development, Scientific and Numeric applications, Desktop GUIs, Business applications. It is widely used in AI and Machine Learning space.

Salary: An average salary for any Python developer in United State is $114,383 per year.

Learning Difficulty: Easy

Reason Selected: Machine Learning, AI, and Data Science are emerging fields and Python is a staple programming language in such software programs.

2) Java

Created: James Gosling primarily designed Java at Sun Microsystems in the year 1996

Pro.

Object- Oriented language

Java offers APIs for different activities like Database connection, networking, XML parsing, utilities, etc.

Powerful open source Rapid Development tools

A large number of open source libraries

Cons.

Memory management in Java is quite expensive

The absence of templates can limit you to create high-quality data structures.

Usage/Application: Java mostly used for developing Android apps, web apps, and Big data.

Salary: An average salary for any Java developer in United State is $101,013 per year.

Learning difficulty: Learning Java is simple and easy.

Reason Selected: Java has wide and growing adoption. There is and will never be a shortage of jobs requiring Java Skills.

3) R

Created: R was designed by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka at the University of Auckland. This project was conceived in 1992, but it's initial version released in 1995 and a stable beta version in 2000.

Pros:

R is a comprehensive statistical analysis language which encourages you to develop new ideas

As a statistical language which is considered to be very easy to code

R is open-source software. Therefore, anyone can use and change it

R is good for GNU/Linux and Microsoft Windows.

R is cross-platform which means it can seamlessly run on different operating systems.

Cons:

In R, quality of some packages is not up to the mark

R does not have the best memory management. Therefore, it may consume all available memory.

Usage/Application: Data Science projects, Statistical computing, Machine learning

Salary: An average wage for any R developer ranges from approximately $90,042 to $136,616 per year

Learning Difficulty: Hard

Reason Selected: Data Sciences is a booming field and R is primarily used for Data Analysis.

4) Javascript









Created: JavaScript was earlier called LiveScript when it first shipped in with Netscape Navigator 2.0 in September 1995. Later, it was renamed as a JavaScript.

Pros:

Client-side JavaScript is very fast as it can be run quickly in the client-side browser

JavaScript is relatively simple to learn.

It can work smoothly with other languages and can be used in a huge variety of applications.

Grease monkey support to write snippets of JavaScript which can execute on specific web pages

Cons:

JavaScript only allows single inheritance, so multiple inheritances are not possible

No copy or equal method is available in JavaScript.

JavaScript interpreted differently by different browsers.

Usage/ Applications: JavaScript usage include web/mobile app development, game development, and desktop app development.

Salary: An average wage for Javascript developer in the United States is around $110,981 per year

Learning Difficulty: Easy

Reason Selected: With NodeJS JavaScript now supports Server-Side Scripting as well. JavaScript is an indispensable language there will always be a need for JS skills.

5) Swift

Created: Swift was developed by Apple in July 2010 so that iOS developers do not need to work with Objective-C.

Pros:

The Swift program codes are near to natural English, so it is easy to read

Easy to add new features to this language which makes swift high- level language

The language does not have long code line.

Automatic Memory Management feature prevents the memory leaks.

Cons:

With the continues updating of swift versions of Apple, Swift is somewhat unstable

As it is a new programming language the pool of Swift developers is very limited

Usage applications:

Swift is specially designed language which works with Apple's Cocoa and Cocoa Touch frameworks to create all types of iOS apps.

Salary: An average salary for iOS developer in the United States is around $130,801 per year

Learning difficulty: Easy

Reason Selected: Apple! Should we say more?

6) C++

Created:

C++ is a programming language that was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983.

Pros:

It is a popular language, and thus, there are many compilers and libraries

Other programming languages like C, C#, and Java have very similar syntax to C++, make it easy to learn for everyone who knows C++.

No garbage collector is running in the background.

Cons

The syntax is complex, and the standard library is small, making this language very difficult to learn for the beginner programmer.

C++ program can't support garbage collection or Dynamic Memory Allocation

The object orientation system in C++ is unnecessarily basic compared to other languages.

Usage applications: C++ is widely used in Game Development, Advance Computations, and Graphics Compilers

Salary:

The average salary of C++ developers in the United States is $113,865 per year.

Learning Difficulty: Hard

Reason Selected: C++ is robust language and is widely used in diverse fields. Will never go out of fashion









7) C#

Year Created:

C# is a computer programming language. It's the first version released in 2001.

Pros:

C# uses almost similar syntax which follows by C so it easy to understand for those who know C language

Easy Integration with Windows

Fully integrated with the .NET library which provides access to a repository of functionality and support.

Safer than its namesakes (C/++) as pointer types are not permitted

Cons:

It allows pointers in ‘unsafe' blocks

Usage applications: Widely used in Enterprise Cross-Applications Development, Web Applications

Salary:

The average salary for “C# developer” ranges from $66,493 per year to $101,775 per year

Learning Difficulty: Hard

Reason Selected: Widely used in Enterprise software and the skill is in demand.

8) PHP

Year Created:

Rasmus Lerdorf created PHP in 1994

Pros:

Running with PHP is simple

Functional and Object-Oriented Programming

Large Open Source Software Community

A reasonably good system of automation tools available for testing and deploying

Cons:

Error handling facility is poor as PHP lacks debugging tool

PHP is not secure as it is one of the open source languages

Developing a website with PHP Web Development is slower than other programming languages.

Usage applications: Web Applications, Content Management Systems, eCommerce Applications

Salary:

The average salary for a PHP Developer in the US is $84,727 per year









Learning Difficulty: Easy

Reason Selected: Most popular scripting language. WordPress, Facebook all created using PHP. Never a shortage of PHP jobs.

9) SQL

Created: SQL was developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce. This language was made available publicly in 1979.

Pros:

Powerful query language

Optimised for large numbers of table rows

Fast for searching and querying of data

High availability and consistency of data

Fast for retrieving data from multiple tables

Cons:

Difficult to convert data from Objects into database tables

It can only run on the single server, so increasing speed means upgrading hardware.

As SQL databases run on a single server so in case if the server stop working, then the database shouldn't be accessed

Usage applications: Used in Any Database

Salary: The average salary earned by SQL Developer is $84,792 per year in the United States

Learning Difficulty: Easy

Reason Selected: You need to know database and SQL irrespective of what profile/language chose as a software developer.

10) Go

Created: Go language which is also known as golang is developed at Google in 2009 by Robert Griesemer, Ken Thompson, and Rob Pike.









Pros:

Go is a really fast language as it is compiled to machine code

Its syntax is small compared to other languages, and it's easy to learn.

Offers standard library to provide handy built-in functions for working with primitive types

Go makes concurrent programming easy.

Cons:

Poor Library Support

Interfaces Are Implicit

Fractured Dependency Management

Usage applications: Console utilities, GUI applications, and web applications

Salary:

The average salary earned by GO Developer is $94,082 per year in the United States

Learning Difficulty: Difficult