English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse ---

1/100 (num) þóttumk

English --- Top a am at b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse ---

a certain one, some, something (adj pron) eittsvat

a, a certain; any (adj) nakkvarr, nǫkkurr

a, an, a certain one, particular; only; einn saman, einn samt - only, alone; einir sér - by themselves, separately; at eins - only; þvi at eins - only on this condition; same; at einu - in the same way; æinn- some one; einna - of all (pron) einn

ability, courage; fame, growth, success; advancement, benefit, profit; luck (m) frami

ability, knowledge (f) kunnusta

ability, might, power; strength; supernatural strength; side(s) (n) megin

ability, skill, prowess; boldness, fearlessness, courage, doughtiness (m) dugr

ability, talent, accomplishment; at atgørvi in ability (esp physical) (f and n) atgørvi

ability; might (m) máttr

able to fight; vígr vel - well-skilled in arms; er vígt var at - whom it was permissible to slay (adj) vígr

able to go; fœrr til - capable of (adj) fœrr

able to swim; sundfœrr of sæ - seaworthy, lit able to swim over the sea (adj) sundfœrr

abode, dwelling, settlement (f) bygð

abode, dwelling; place, spot; stead, parcel of land; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) staðr

abode; company; host (n pl) sjǫt

abode; food; food and lodging, provisions; stay; employment, service; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) vist

abode; skin, shape (m) hamr

about to die, doomed, fated to die; dead (adj) feigr

about, around; over; for; across, through; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) of

about, concerning; from (prep); away; upp frá þessu - from now on (adv) frá

about, round; over, across; past, through, throughout; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um

above the surface of; from above, down; downwards; on the uppermost part, at the top of (adv) ofan

above, down to, over, on; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; fyrir ofan - over, above; ufan - on, above (prep) ofan

above, over, at; across, upon (prep) yfir

above, superior to; before, preceding; ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); at hand, present; along, against; ago; for, on behalf of; for, because of; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) fyrir

abroad (adv) útan-lands

abundance, multitude (m) fjǫlði

abundance, plenty (f) gnótt

abundant, enough (adj) nógr

abyss, space (mighty space), void ginnung

accomplishments, knowledge (f) kunnandi

accept, receive; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka

accept; have; hold, keep, possess; take; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)

accept; notice, perceive; know, recognize; þekkjast - know one another (v) þekkja (ð)

accept; receive; accept lodgings; þiggja undan - get one released (v) þiggja

accompany, follow; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)

accomplish, perform (v) fremja

accomplish, perform, do; win, gain; work; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) vinna

accomplish; relate; tell; pay; repay; inna til - make mention of (v) inna

accomplished, educated (well educated) (adj) mannaðr

accomplished, well-bred (adj) menntr

accomplishment íþrótt

accomplishment, art; hafa hluti til menntar - have good parts, possess talents (f) mennt

accord (of one's own accord) sjálf-viljandi

account, report (f) sǫgn

account; talk, speech (n) tala

accuse, lay a charge against (v) kæra

accustom; train; af venjask - cease one's customary practice (v) venja

accustomed, wont; usual; lacking; manns var vant - a man was missing; saur eggi vant viðr - there was no lack of mud (adj) vanr

acorn (n) akarn

acquaintance (m) kunningi

across, above, over, at; across, upon (prep) yfir

across, over; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um

across, through; over; for; around, about; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) of

act (as), behave; go, move, travel; fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of (v) fara

act as the spokesman; túlka mál - plead one's case (v) túlka (að)

act, do; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra

act, do; make; gera sé mikit um - make much of or admire; gerask - become, come to pass, occur, happen (v) gera

act; do (v) breyta

act; do, perform; make, build, compose; finish (v) gera (ð)

activity; custom, manner, kind, type; (m); habits, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance háttr

activity; success (m) thrif-lēkr (‡)

Adam (personal name) Adam

add; increase, augment; exceed, surpass; aukaþis - multiplied (v) auka

adeptly, neatly, skillfully (adv) hagliga

adhere, stick to (v) tolla (að)

administration, management; til forrað - for rulership forrað

adopt (v) æt-lēpæ (‡)

adorn; set; seat; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) setja

adultery, whoredom (m) hórdómr

advance, attack (f) framganga

advance; go in a certain direction; turn to; aim at; call, call together, summon (v) stefna (d)

advance; go, walk; take place; extend; go on, last; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask- attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) ganga

advancement, benefit, profit; luck; fame, growth, success; courage, ability (m) frami

advantage (m) bati

advantage; koma at gagni - be of service (n) gagn

advantage; state, condition, affairs, character; means; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) hagr

adventurous steed (m) kenni-Valr

adversary, enemy (m) andskoti

adverse, athwart; contrary; um þverr - across; þvers - abruptly (adj) þverr

advice, counsel; expedient, means; plan; agreement; authority; intention; policy; wish; taka (til) ráðs - adopt a plan; resolve; sjá at ráði - think advisable; authority; good counsel, what is advisable; þykkja ráð - seem advisable (n) ráð

advisable ráð-ligr

advise, counsel; consult about; rule; discuss; plot; set, arrange; decide; govern; prevail; have to deal with; go, take one's way; ráða á - progress, have to deal with interpret; go, take one's way; ráða aptr - return, hire, engage; ráða fyrir - have power; ráða heilræði - give one wholesome counsel; ráða sér vist - get a place for oneself; ráða sinum (ráðum) - hold a conference; rēddo sik saman til hans dødh (‡) - they conspired against his life; ráða af - do away with, kill; decide, rule, govern; prevail; settle a poilicy; ráða fyrir - have power; ráða sér vist - get a place for oneself; ráða til - hire, engage; ráða um - consult about, discuss; ráðask til skips - go on board ship (ship/sailing term) (v) ráða

advocate, supporter, speaker on one's behalf formælandi

Æsir, one of the two major groups of gods (m pl) Æsir

Æthelred (personal name), King Æthelred II (the unready), b. c. 966 AD – d. 1016 AD (m) Aðalraðr konungr

affairs, state, condition, character; means; advantage; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) hagr

affect, move; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) fá

affection, friendship (m) kærleikr

affection, liking; mind; disposition; wits; sense; inclination (n) geð

affection, love (f) ást

affection, love (f pl) ástir

affection, love (f) elska

affinity; spilla sifjar - commit incest (f pl) sifjar

affirm; (refl.) prove to be true; sannaz - be affirmed, prove to be true (v) sanna (að)

affliction (f) beygja

affliction (f) hrelling

afloat á flot

afraid of the dark myrk-fælinn

afraid, frightened (adj) hræddr

after (prep) æfter (‡)

after (prep); afterwards (adv) æpte(r) (‡)

after, behind; for, to obtain; along; according to; after the death of; in succession to; in memory of; eptir landinu - along the coast; after somebody; þar eptir - after it; afterwards; behind; back; vera eptir - remain behind; honum varð eptir - he left behind (unintentionally) (prep) eptir

afternoon; snacking time, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 3:00 p.m. (f) eykt

afterwards, since then; síðan er - since, because (conj) síðan

again, once more (adv) endr

again; oftener (adv) optar

again; still; also; yet; further; moreover; even (adv) enn

against one's will, unwilling nauðigr, nauðugr

against the course of the sun (adv) rang-sœlis

against, towards, to, meet (prep) gegn

against; at, in; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, by, to, towards; from; according to; regarding; concerning; after (prep) at

against; towards (of time); contrary; meet, escort (prep) móti, mōte (‡)

age of storm (f) vind-ǫld

age, count of time aldartal

age, generation (f) ald

age, grow old (v) eldask

age, time; life; life-story; alla ævi - for all time, forever (f) ævi

age; lifetime; old age; long period of time; vera við aldr - be well on in years (m) aldr

age; old age (f) elli

age; time; [poetic] man (f); mankind, humanity, world; human beings, men (f pl) ǫld, öld

aged, old (adj) aldinn

aggressive man (m) ákafamaðr

aggressive, fierce, terrible (adj) atall

agile; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) hœgr

agree to, say 'yes' (v) já (ð)

agree to, say 'yes' (v) játa

agreeable (adj) geðjaðr

agreeable, to one's mind (adj) skap-feldr

agreement (m) staþgi (‡)

agreement, atonement; reconciliation, settlement; settlement of suits; at sætt - as atonement (f) sætt

agreement; advice, counsel; expedient, means; plan; authority; intention; policy; wish; taka (til) ráðs - adopt a plan; resolve; sjá at ráði - think advisable; authority; good counsel, what is advisable; þykkja ráð - seem advisable (n) ráð

ahead, further forward (adv) framar

ahead, in front, before; first, before; at hand, present; fyrir

ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); before, preceding; at hand, present; along, against; ago; above, superior to; for, on behalf of; for, because of; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) fyrir

aid (f) hegnan (‡)

aid, help (n) fullting

aid, help, protection; inspection; appearance, shape (f) ásjá

aid, help; people; band of men, host; troops; following; herd; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) lið

aid, power (m) afli

aid, support; make, perform; efla blót - do sacrifice; efla tafl - play at tables; elpti - was able (v) efla

aim at; go in a certain direction; turn to; advance; call, call together, summon (v) stefna (d)

air, wind (m) vindr

alas! æ

ale; ale-party ǫlðr

ale; beer (n) ǫl, öl

ale-cask (n) ǫl-ker

Alf (personal name), Elf Álfr

Álfheim, World of the Elves (m) álfheimr

Alfred the Great (personal name) (m) Elfráðr inn rikki

alive (adj) lífs

alive, living (adj) kvikr

alive, living, animate (adj) kykr

all over, in; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um

all too; very (adv) helzti

all, each, every; who, which?; what; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) hverr

all, whole; every; entire (adj pron) allr

alleged son (m) kenningar-son

allegiance, loyalty, favor; grace (f) hylli

All-Father, i.e., Odin Alföðr

allot (lit scrape off for you); scrape, shave (v) skafa

allow (v) lufa (aþ) (‡)

allow, grant; not to grudge; love (v) unna

allow, let, permit; put, place, set; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta

allow, permit; praise (f) lofa (að)

allow, permit; praise (v) leyfa

allowable to live (adj) lift

almighty almáttigr

almost, nearly; nearby (adv) ná-liga

alms-giving (f) almosa

alone; (when placed after the noun it modifies, einn can take on the meaning 'only') (adj) einn

along, against; before, preceding; ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); at hand, present; along, against; ago; above, superior to; for, on behalf of; for, because of; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) fyrir

along; along with; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); bringing, carrying; using; by means of; among; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) með

alongside (laying of ships alongside for attack), attack (f) atlaga

already; before; first; until (adv) áðr

Alrek (personal name) Alrekr

also, as well (adv) bæði

also; so, thus, in this way; as, as if; svát - such that, with the result that; svá sem - as if, so as; svá mikill at - so great (adv) svá

also; still; yet; further; again; moreover; even (adv) enn

altar (heathen) (m) stalli

altar of stone, sanctuary (outdoor sanctuary), temple hǫrgr

alter, turn, change; move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) bregða

Althjof, Great-thief Alþiófr

although (conj) þót

although; there; since; in that place; þar til - until (adv); þar sem - where (conj) þar

always ávalt

always, as often as possible; often, frequently; optar(r) - oftener, again (adv) opt

always, ever, constantly, equally (adv) jafnan

always, ever; forever (adv) æ, ē (‡)

always; ē oc ē - forever ē (‡)

always; forever; ever ey

English --- Top a am at b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse ---

am; em-k-a - I am not (v) em

ambitious, overbearing (adj) stjórnsamr

ambitious; daring; haughty (adj) stór-ráðr

ambitious; eager for fame metnaðar-gjarn

among, between; okkar í meðal - between us (our deaths) (prep) meðal, á meðal, í meðal

among; in, within; at (position); during (time); into (motion), onto; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) í

among; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); bringing, carrying; with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) með

amount to, signify; wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause if this (v) sæta (tt)

amuse, entertain (v) skemta

amusement , pastime (f) skemtun

amusing, entertaining (adj) skemtiligr

An (personal name) Án

Anar Ánarr

ancestors (m pl) for-eldra (‡)

ancestors, forefathers (through the father's line) (m pl) langfeðgar

anchor (n) akkeri

ancient, old (adj) forn

and (conj); also (adv) but, though; ok þá - then; ok þó - although ok

and, but (conj) æn (‡)

and, but; than; when, if; þá en - when; en at - than that (conj) en

and; and if; and indeed, moreover; even; even if; and also, and so; and yet (conj) enda

and; or; (introducing a question) but (conj) eða

Angantyr (personal name) Angantýr

angel (m) engill

anger, wrath; af reiði - in anger, out of anger (f) reiði

angle below the chin (f) kverk

angry reiðr, vreiðr

angry, exasperated; bitter, acrid; painful, sore (adj) beiskr

angry, offended (adj) reiðr

animal, beast, living creature (n); animals, beasts, living creatures (n pl) kykvendi

animal; valuable thing (m) gripr

animal; wild beast; deer (n) dýr

animals; living being, creature (n) kvikindi

animate, living, alive (adj) kykr

anniversary, return of the same time in a year (f) iæmbling (‡)

annoyance, vexation (f) skap-raun

annoyance; offense (f) mótgørð

another, other; second, next; one (of two) (adj pron) annarr

answer (v) anzuara (aþ) (‡)

answer (v) svara (að)

answer, reply (n) svar

answers, replies (n pl) svǫr

ant; maurr haugr - ant-hill (m) maurr

anvil base; log, plank, piece of wood; wooden beam (m) stokkr

anvil point; spear (m) geirr

anvil with a sharp point (m) nef-steði

anvil, stithy (m) steði

anxiety, care (f) áhyggja

anxiety; think, believe; give heed to; observe; see; intend, mean; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) hyggja (hugði, hugaðr)

anxious, distressed, worried (adj) hugsjúkr

anxious, eager (adj) annt

any (in negative sentence); no, none (adj) neinn

any, some, a certain one; einn hverr - each, each one; any one (of several); einnhvern dag - one day (adj pron) einnhverr

anything whatever; everything (pron) hvatvetna

apparently, by sight (adv) sýnum

appear in a dream (v) droyma (d) (‡)

appear to be, seem; show; exist (v) sýna (d)

appear yfir-brag

appearance, demeanor; vel í yfirbraði - of distinguished appearance (n) yfir-bragð

appearance, feature, aspect (n) alit

appearance, looks; color(ing); complexion (m) litr

appearance, shape; help, aid, protection; inspection (f) ásjá

appertain to; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve (v) fylgja (gð)

applause; alþýðu rómr - common opinion (m) rómr

appoint (v) nlgask

appointment; direction, course; meeting; summons (f) stefna

appraise, evaluate, estimate, value; esteem, be honored, esteemed; virða engis - show no honor to (v) virða

approach; come up to (v) nálgask

appropriate, truthful name (n) sann-nefni

arbitration; bend, arch; beygði kenginn - arched its back (m) kengr

arbitration; building, making; taka menn til gørðar - choose arbitrators (f) gørð

arch kapp

arch, bend (v) beygja

are (v) ru = eru

argue (v) ta

argue, deny (v) þræta (tt)

Arinbjorn (personal name) Arinbjǫrn

arise, rise, stand up, get up; rísa upp - rise up, get up (v) rísa

ark ǫrk

arm (m) armr

arm (m); upper arm and forearm (m pl) handleggr

arm (v) vápna (að)

arm and hand, hand; side, part; taka í hǫnd - take on by the hand; selja í hǫnd - put into one's hand, hand over to; til handa - for one to possess or marry; í hendr - into one's possession; Guði á hendi - into God's keeping; báðum hǫndum - with open arms; í hǫnd - at once, continuously; undir hendi sér - (hidden) under his arm-pit; á báðar hændr, til beggja handa - right and left; pinnar handar - on your part; hvárratveggju handar - for both parties; á hendr, í hendr - against; af hendi - on behalf of (f) hǫnd, hönd

arm, 'hawk's ground'; Hilldr valtægrs - lady (m) val-tæigr

arm, 'hawk-strand' (f) haukstrǫnd

arm, 'ring seat' (n) baug-set

armed (fully); a complete equipment of arms alvæpni

armed himself (v) væmpti sik (‡)

armlet, ring, bracelet; coil (m) baugr

armor (n pl) herklæði

armored, mailed, all clad in mail, in a byrnie albryniaðr

army hær (‡)

army, troops, host; great number (m) herr

army, war-force (n) herlið

Arngrim (personal name) Arngrímr

around (prep and adv) um-hverfis

around, about; over; for; across, through; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) of

arrange; haga til - contrive (v) haga

arrange; háttaðr - fashioned (v) hátta

arrange; stilla til um - make arrangements (v) stilla

arrangement; hafa tilskipan - make plans (f) til-skipan

array, dress; live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; prepare, make ready; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect; (v) búa

arrival (f) atkváma

arrival (f) kváma

arrive, come; reach; obtain; occur; come about; recover; koma á - the blow or missile comes upon, strikes, penetrates; koma at - come to, reach; come up; arrive at; get at, obtain; recover; koma ásamt með þeim - they agreed; koma endr at - regain; koma endr at - regain; koma fram - be set up; come to pass; koma fyrir - strike, hit; bring; send; be an equivalent, be given in compensation; come to the ears of; koma í fœri - get an opportunity; koma fœti - set foot; koma Kristni á - Christianize; koma at þeim ǫrunum - get at them with arrows; koma bogunum við - make use of the bow against them; koma ti falls - bring one to a fall; koma til - be born; arrive; come about, occur; concern one, be one's business; koma upp - result; hvar koma skal - what shall be done; ef váttum kvæmi við - one produces witnesses; bestowed; komask at - come to close quarters with; fram komask - be brought about; komask fyrir - become known to; komask ór hǫndum - escape from; komask at bak þeim - attack them in the rear; komask undan - escape, survive; komaz viðr - come against, take effect on; kominn vel á sik - accomplished; make one's way; hvar var komit - what had occurred; fyrir ván komit - past all hope; komask - make one's way; vel kominn - welcome; mjǫk komit at degi - nearly dawn; (v) koma

arrogant man (m) ofstopi

arrogant, proud, haughty (adj) stórlátr

arrow (f) ǫr, ör

arrow shot distance (n) kólf-skot

art (f) list

articles of trade, trade goods, wares (m) kaupeyrir

artifice (f) vél

artificer; smith; builder (m) smiðr

artist; jǫru fægir - warrior (m) fægir

as … as possible (with superlative); who; which; as; as if, that; while; when; where; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) sem

as deep-witted, as deep-scheming, as resourceful (adj) jafn-djúpvitr

as if, that; who; which; as; while; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) sem

as long as, while, whilst; in the meantime (adv) meðan

as old, of the same age (adj) jafngamall

as regards, concerning; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um

as regards, concerning; over; for; across, through; around, about; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) of

as well, with it; (adv) með

as young (adj) jafnungr

as, as if; so, thus, in this way; also; svát - such that, with the result that; svá sem - as if, so as; svá mikill at - so great (adv) svá

as, for, to obtain; in; of, concerning; on; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) til

as; how at því er

as; who, which, that; when; where; redundant; is (conj) er

as; who; which; as if, that; while; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) sem

ascertained vitaðr

Asgard, the residence or fortress of the gods (m) Ásgarðr

ash, ash tree; ash spear; small ship; the great ash tree Yggdrasill (m) askr

ashes (f) aska

aside from (prep) auk

ask for, request (v) æsta

ask, beg, command, tell, pray; bid; ask for; ask for a woman in marriage on behalf of another; biðjum - I ask for myself; biðja gera - command to be made (v) biðja

ask, beg; ask for, request on one's own behalf (v) beiða

ask, inquire, hear of (v) frétta

ask; crave, claim, demand; demand of; krefja máls - ask speech of one (v) krefja

ask; hear, hear of, learn, find out, be informed of; trace; spyrr engan at - asks no one about it, asks leave of none; spyrjat - do not ask; spyrjask eptir - make inquiry (v) spyrja (spurði)

ask; learn; hear of; be informed; fregna æftir - learn by inquiry; fr'ak (fr'a ek) - I heard (v) fregna

assault, attack; violence (f) atganga

assault, fight (f) barsmið

assembly (legal assembly), meeting, lit thing (n) þing, thing (‡)

assembly-district (f) þing-há

asshole bacraut

assign (a seat); equip; provide; set, place; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) skipa (að)

assist (v) beina

assist, help; do, work; týði ekki - it was of no avail (v) týja

assistance um-sýsla

assistance; obedience (f) hlýðni

assistance; strength (m) styrkr

astray, wild, erring; vasa villr staðar - was rightly placed villr

asunder (adv) í sundr

asunder (adv) sundr, í sundr

English --- Top a am at b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse ---

at (position); in, within; during (time); among; into (motion), onto; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) í

at a point of time; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um

at home (as opposed to abroad), within the land (adv) innanlands

at home; home (n) (adv) heima

at last of síðir

at once, at the same time; straight away (adv) senn

at once, forthwith ginstan (‡)

at once, immediately; already; þegar á morgin - the first thing in the morning; þegar á unga aldri - already by a young age; þegar um haustit - that very autumn; þegars - as soon as (adv) þegar

at once; jafn-skjótt sem - as soon as jafn-skjótt

at peace; reconciled (adj) sáttr

at that time (adv) í því

at that time, then; þá ok þá - at nearly every moment (adv) þá

at the same time jafn-snimma

at times, sometimes (conj) stundum

at, greet; by, close to, beside; with, (together) with; according to, after; reaching to, against, leaning against; to, toward, toward, at; in exchange for; by; because of; by means of; equal to; against (in a contest); þar við - for it; við at - for that purpose; þar viðr - in addition to that; við innan - inside; var viðr sialft - it was a near thing, they came near to (prep) við, viðr, with(ær) (‡), wiþr (‡), vidh(er) (‡)

at, in; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, by, to, towards, against; from; according to; regarding; concerning; after (prep) at

at, in; onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) á

Athalstan (personal name), king of England, b. 895 AD - d. 939 AD (m) Aðalsteinn

atone for (v) rétta

atone for; reach, stretch up or out; raise; put right; rétta fram - stretch out; ríttisk upp - stood up to his full height (v) rétta (tt)

atone or pay for; pay; pay compensation; repay, requite; redeem; give; give something as recompense for something; suffer on account of (v) gjalda

atonement, agreement; reconciliation, settlement; settlement of suits; at sætt - as atonement (f) sætt

attached to one's kin frænd-rœkinn

attack, advance (f) framganga

attack, assault; violence (f) atganga

attack, battle; time, while; storm; onset; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) hríð

attack, fight (f) sókn

attack; advance; proceed (v) sœkja

attack; advance; proceed, go; seek; pursue; go to fetch; visit; come to; reach; sœkja at - rush at, assail; sœkja fram - advance, seek with hostile intent, attack; sœkja heim - go to see one; attack one in his house; sœkja í hendr - attack; fá (or getta) sótt - get successfully attacked, overcome; sœkja til - visit, come to, seek out; þeim muni illa sœkjask at vinna oss - it will be a hard struggle for them to master us; illa sóttisk þeim Gunnar - they had hard work to overcome Gunnar (v) sœkja

attack; alongside (laying of ships alongside for attack) (f) atlaga

attack; seek, search for; find; see; try to go, go; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one (v) leita (að)

attend to, be a quality of; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)

attend to, guard, tend, watch over; take care of; keep watch; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) gæta (tt)

attention, heed; gefa at gaum - pay attention to (m) gaumr

attractive beautiful, fair, (adj) fagr (ran)

attribute, dedicate; take possession of; eignask - get, claim, take, become the owner of eigna (að)

augment, increase; add; exceed, surpass; aukaþis - multiplied (v) auka

aunt, father's sister (f) föðursystir

Aurvang (place name), Mudfield Aurvangr

authority (n) manna-forráð

authority, power; realm; kingdom (n) ríki

autumn, harvest season (n) haust

avail; help (v) tjá (ð)

avail; use; eat; derive benefit from; profit; svát nýtir - as will serve, well enough (v) nýta (tt)

avenge, take revenge (v) hefna (d)

avenge, take vengeance for; drive, herd; drive onto shore, wreck; depose; thrust; reka af þér - clear yourself of; reka landi - drive from the land, send into exile; reka flótta - pursue a fleeing force; reka frá - depose, clear away; reka rétta - take due vengeance; perform, do (an errand); reka spor - follow tracks or footprints; rekinn blóði - blood-stained (v) reka, vrækæ (‡)

avenger (m) mis-yrki

average man; meðal á vǫxt - middle-sized man (m) meðal-maðr

await, wait for, remain, abide; suffer, undergo (v) biða (að)

awake (be awake), stay awake; watch (v) vaka

awake, get up (n) vakna

awake, wake, waken; rouse; vekja upp - wake up (v) vekja (vakti, vekte (‡))

aware; wary; var við - aware of; varr um sik - on one's guard; verð varr- become aware of, hear; varð ekki vart við þá - nothing was seen of them varr

away (adv) á brott

away (adv) í braut, í brott

away, off (adv) brott

away; away from; under (from under); from beneath; out from; just off, near to; (thrown) down (adv) undan

away; out; forward, on; í dalnum fram - in the upper part of the valley; um fram - better than, surpassing (adv) fram

away; upp frá þessu - from now on (adv); from; about, concerning (prep) frá

awful, terrible (adj) ógurligr

awning up on a tent; tented tjaldat

axe (f) øx

axe with a long blade (f) breið-øx

English --- Top a b be bo c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse ---

baby; child; offspring, progeny, family, kin kind

back hryggr

back (n) bak

back (upper part of back), shoulders (f pl) herðar

back oars (ship/sailing term), fall back (v) hamla (að)

back, again; in opposition (adv) gegn

back; aft; again; vara atir - remain behind (adv) aptr

backwards, turned the wrong way ǫfugr

bacon (n) flesk

bad, evil; ugly, unpleasing; difficult; gørask ilt til - become badly off for; varð þeim ǫllum ilt af - it made them all sick; ilt - evil (counsel, treatment, etc.) (adj) illr

badly, ill (adv) illa

badness; cruelty (f) illska

bag (m) baggi

bag (n); clothes; bed clothes (n pl) fat

bag for provisions nest-baggi

bag, bellows, pelt, skin of animals taken off whole, skin-bag (m) belgr

bag, knapsack (m) kýll

bailiff, steward (m) bryti

bailiff; hostage; warder (m) gísl

bake (v) baka

bald (adj) kollóttr

ball, glans penis bqllr

ball, sphere (m) knǫttr

Baltic Lands; east (m) austrvegr

ban, forbid, prohibit (v) banna (að)

ban, prohibition (n) bann

band of men, host; people; troops; following; herd; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) lið

band, company; troop; region; community, district (f pl); group or body of men (f) sveit

band, cord, bond, bind, fetter; the act of binding; (pl) bands, fetters band

band, girdle (m) fetill

bane, cause of death, slayer; death (m) bani

bane, harm, destruction, misfortune; sviga læ - fire, 'bane of switches'; gráðar læ - food, 'hunger's bane' (n) læ

bank (m) bakki

banner (n pl) vé

banquet, feast (f) veizla

baptism (f) skírn

baptize (v) cristna (‡)

baptize (v) skíra (ð)

bar, rail; short piece (m) spǫlr

bare, naked; unsheathed (of a sword) (adj) berr

bargain; wages; vera af kaupi - forfeit the reward (n) kaup

bark; scoff at; revile; geyja á - abuse; geymðr - safe (v) geyja

barley-barn (f) bygghlaða

barn (f) hlaða

Barra Isles (f pl) Barreyjar

barren, unproductive (adj) ó-frær

barren; useless (adj) gœðalauss

bath; hot spring (f) laug

bathe (v) lauga (að)

battle (between armies), war, troop-slaying fólcvíg

battle (f) guðr

battle (f) hildr

battle (f) jara

battle (m) hjaldr (rs)

battle (poetic); folk, people, men; troop, host of warriors; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) fólk, folk

battle array, host (f) fylking

battle, attack; time, while; storm; onset; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) hríð

battle, drawing of the sword (n) egg-tog

battle, fight; beating, thrashing (m) bardagi

battle, fight; homicide, manslaughter, killing (n) víg

battle, 'meeting of weapons' (n) malm-þing

battle, play of iron (m) járnleikr

battle, 'storm of metal' (f) malm-hrið

battle, war (n) strīth (‡), striith (‡)

battle; clash hlǫkk

battle; clash of edges (f) eggþrima

battle; drawing of the sword (n) eggtog

battle; feast, festival; summons (n) bǫð, boð

battle; meeting; finding, discovery; á fund, til fundar við - meet, find; koma á fund - come to a meeting with (m) fundr

battle; þrúðr dolga - battle, the valkyrja Hild (n) dólg, dolg

battle; til orrostu - to or for battle; (f) orrosta

battle-axe age (age of the battle axe) (f) skegg-ǫld

battlefield (field of battle) (m) wēt-wangR (‡)

battlefield (m) vígvöllr

battlefield, scene of action (n) vættfang

Bavor Bávǫrr

bay, creek; sea; wave (m) vágr

bay; turn(ing) (f) vík

English --- Top a b be bo c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse ---

be a quality of, attend to; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)

be able to, obtain, beget, persuade, get done; get; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could; (v) geta

be able to; get, obtain, reach, catch, overtake; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) ná (ð)

be able; know, know how to; feel (an emotion); blame a person for a thing; vera kann - it is possible; kunna sik - know oneself; kunna þǫkk - be grateful to; give thanks to; kunna illa - be greatly displeased or distressed by (v) kunna

be about to; will, shall; be sure to; will be; would, must (probability); might (v) munu

be afraid (v) óttask

be allocated; receive; get (as one's lot); result; be obliged to (v) hljóta

be allowable (impers.); listen to, hear; succeed; hlýðir - one endures (v) hlýða (dd)

be amazed at, marvel at; wonder at, be astonished (at) (v) undrask (að)

be astonished, wonder at; marvel at, be amazed at (at) (v) undrask (að)

be at an end; up (position); raised up; used up; vera uppi - live, last, be remembered (adv) uppi

be attached to, belong to; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)

be aware of; know; understand; be certain of; know how (to); know of; find out; see; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up(v) vita

be belligerent (v) þrasa

be broken; become loose; be torn up (v) losna (að)

be buried iōrthæs (æth) (‡)

be certain of; be aware of; know; understand; know how (to); know of; find out; see; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up(v) vita

be cloven, split (v) klofna (að)

be cold, become cold, freeze (v) kala

be current; play, sport; move to and fro; leika sér - play; leika við - play against (v) leika

be diminished, lessen (v) minka

be discovered, be found; find, discover, notice; compose; devise; visit; meet; invent; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) finna

be disheartened; sorrow; weep (v) syrgja (ð)

be fond of, love; elskask - love one another; elskask at - grow fond of (v) elska (að)

be found, be discovered, find, discover, notice; compose; devise; visit; meet; invent; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) finna

be hanged (v) hængæs (‡)

be in a certain place; lie (down); lie ill; be situated; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) liggja

be in a place; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa

be in a specified condition; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa

be informed; learn; hear of; ask; fregna æftir - learn by inquiry; fr'ak (fr'a ek) - I heard (v) fregna

be lacking; be lacking to one; skortir - one is in want of; one is short of, one lacks (v) skorta

be lacking; vantar - someone misses something (v) vanta (að)

be lost, perish (v) for-faras (‡)

be lost, perish; lose; forget; mistake (v) týna (d)

be lost; disappear; be missing; turn; hverfa á brottu - disappear; hverfa af - vanish from; hverfa aptr - turn back, return; hverfa frá - give up, turn away; hverfa saman - assemble; vinsældum horfinn - popular (v) hverfa

be married or related to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) eiga

be minded, be willing (v) nenna

be missing; disappear; be lost; turn; hverfa á brottu - disappear; hverfa af - vanish from; hverfa aptr - turn back, return; hverfa frá - give up, turn away; hverfa saman - assemble; vinsældum horfinn - popular (v) hverfa

be moved, shake, tremble, quake, move; march (v) bifask (ð, að)

be necessary (impers.); need; have need of; require; þurfa við - stand in need of; þarf - it is neceessary (v) þurfa, thorfua (‡)

be obligated, must, owe, have to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) eiga

be obliged to; receive; get (as one's lot); be allocated; result (v) hljóta

be opened (v) opnask (að)

be pacified (v) sefask

be pleasing, please; láta sér líka - allow oneself to be satisfied (v) líka (að)

be silent; keep one's mouth shut (v) þegja

be situated; lie (down); lie ill; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) liggja

be slain; fall, fall down; flow; fail; falla niðr - fall to the ground; fallask - fail (v) falla

be slain; lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) liggja

be softened (v) mýkjask (t)

be sprinkled; spring asunder; spring, burst, leap; snap; drive; støkkva útan - spring back (v) støkkva

be suitable for, suited for; mean, bode (v) gegna (d)

be sure to; will, shall; be about to; will be; would, must (probability); might (v) munu

be thought, seem; think (seem to one); þykkjask - seem to one, think oneself; þykki(r) mér, þkkjumk - seems to me, I think; er eggi mun litilræði þykkja í - who would not think it beneath his dignity; mér þykkir fyrir í - I am displeased; þykkr fyrir - one who is unwilling or fearful; þykkja mikill - affect one greatly; Þórr þottisk skilja - Thor thought he understood; er þér þykkizk vera við búnir - which you think you are endowed with (v) þykkja (þótti)

be willing, want, wish, will; intend; desire a service of one; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) vilja

be without; lose (v) missa (t)

be, be ready; inhabit, live (in a place), dwell; prepare, make ready; array, dress; have a household, keep house; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect; (v) búa

be; last; stay; be done; happen; vera fyrir - lead; vera þar fyrir - be there present; vera við - be present, take part in; þat var þá, er… - it happened, when ...; sem þú ert - such as you are; hvat min rað eru - what my counsels are worth; þau hafa upphof verit - these were the beginnings (v) vera, vesa, waræ (‡), vara (‡), væræ (‡)

beach, ebb-tide, fore-shore, shore; at fjǫru sjávar - at low tide (f) fjara

beach, shore; sand (m) sandr

beach; strand; shore; coast; border; edge (f) strǫnd, strönd

beak; beard; lip; bregða grǫnum - draw back the lips (smile) (f) grǫn

beak; prow (m) (ship/sailing term) hǫfuðstafn

beam (ground beam for tent) berling

beam (the partition beam from a hall); wooden plank dividing up or marking the edge of the set (m) setstokkar

beam (wooden pole or beam for drying the washing) (m) vað-áss

beam of light; staff, goad (m) geisl

beam, log; tree; wood (n) tré

beam, timber, pole; ship áss

beam; tree; forest; wood; timber (m) viðr

beams (big beams) (m pl) stór-viðr

bear (m) birnir (pl) bjǫrn, björn

bear (n) bjarn-dýr

bear, bring, carry; wear; give birth to; overcome; endure; bear (witness); bera saman - collect; compare; bera ørendi sin (upp) fyrir - plead one's case before; tell one's errand (v) bera

bear, give birth to; bring up, raise (children); feed (v) ala

beard (n) skegg

beard; beak; lip; bregða grǫnum - draw back the lips (smile) (f) grǫn

bearded (adj) skeggjaðr

bearing to the east; from the east; east (of) (adv) austan

bearing to the west; western; from the west; west (of); fyrir vestan haf - west over the sea; (adv) vestan

bearing, gestures, manner; voice; noise (n pl) læti

beast, animal, living creature (n); animals, beasts, living creatures (n pl) kykvendi

beast's heart (n) dýrs-hjarta

beat, bruise (v) beysta

beat, flog (v) hūþ-strȳkæ (‡)

beat, sail near the wind (ship/sailing term) beita

beat, strike, smite; berjask - fight (v) berja (barði, bariðr)

beat; maim; break; strike; smite; lemja í sundr - break (v) lemja

beating, thrashing; fight, battle (m) bardagi

beautiful, fair, attractive (adj) fagr (ran)

beautiful, handsome, fair to behold; likely, to be expected; hopeful, promising (adj) vænn

beautiful, handsome, fine (adj) friðr

beautifully (adv) fagrliga

beauty (f) fegrð

beaver (m) biæuær (‡)

beaver that is thrall (m) biæuær-thræl (‡)

because of this; thus, therefore; for this reason; í því er - at the moment when; meðr því - thus (adv); því at - since, for, because; því næst - thereupon, then; þat mun þvi at eins, ef … - that will only be so, if …; í því er - at the moment when; meþr því - thus; því at þvít - since, because (conj) því

because of; from, out of; with; concerning (prep) af

because of; over; for; across, through; around, about; concerning, as regards; of veg - on his way; (prep) of

because, for af því at

become angry (v) reiðask

become cowardly (v) ergjask

become frantic (v) œðask (dd)

become loose; be broken; be torn up (v) losna (að)

become night; grow dark (v) nátta

become peopled, populated, full of people fjǫlmennask (t)

become spring (v) vára

become tired of; make tired of; lead (v) leiða (dd)

become white (v) hvítna

become, befit; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa

become, beseem (v) sóma (d)

become, turn out, happen; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra

becoming, fitting, proper; deserving (adj) makligr

becoming; honorable (adj) sœmi-ligr

bed (f) hvíla

bed (f) sæng

bed (m) beðr

bed; fara í rekkju - go to bed (f) rekkja

bed; room, space; seat (n) rúm

bee (f) býfluga

bee; unda bý - arrow, 'wound bees' (n) bý

beer; ale (n) ǫl, öl

beer; piece of leather (m) bjórr

beer-goblet (n) bjór-ker

beetle vifill

befall (v) hœfa (ð)

befall (v) t(h)īma (d) (‡)

befit, become; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa

befit, beseem (v) sama

before, former, previous; inn fyrri dagr - the day before; í fyrra vetur - the winter before (adj) fyrri

before, formerly (adv) fyrrum

before, preceding; ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); at hand, present; along, against; ago; above, superior to; for, on behalf of; for, because of; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) fyrir

before, previously, sooner; fyrr en - before, sooner than, until (adv) fyrr

before; ahead, in front, before; first, before; at hand, present; fyrir

before; already; first; until (adv) áðr

beg, ask; ask for, request on one's own behalf (v) beiða

beget (v) aflæ

beggar, tramp (m) staf-karl

begin (v) byrja

begin to, proceed in; step (v) feta

begin; begin (with infin.); take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; undertake; choose; accept, receive; reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka

begin; enter upon (v) byrja (að)

begin; lift, raise, heave; hold; hefja blót - hold sacrifices (v) hefja

beginning (n) upp-haf

beginning; í firstu, í førstænæ - at first (f) fyrsta

behave (as if); put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta

behave, act (as); go, move, travel; fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of (v) fara

behavior, conduct; journey; dealings (f) ferð

behavior; custom, manner, kind, type; (m); activity, habits (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance háttr

behavior; energy (f) atferð

beheading, execution; blow, stroke, chop; hǫggva í millum - between strokes (n) högg, hǫgg

being in human shape, human likeness or form manlíkan

being, creature; supernatural being, spirit (f) vættr

belief (m) átrunaðr

believe, hold to be true; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)

believe, think; give heed to; observe; see; intend, mean; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) hyggja (hugði, hugaðr)

believe; trust, have faith; trúa afli - trust in one's might (v) trúa (ð), trōa (‡)

bell (f) bjalla

bellow; yell, scream; twang (of a bowstring) (v) gjalla

bellows, pelt, skin of animals taken off whole, skin-bag, bag (m) belgr

belly (m) kviðr

belong to, be attached to; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)

belong to, pertain to til-høra (dh) (‡), til-hoyra (‡)

beloved, dear, close (adj) kærr

beloved, popular (adj) vin-sæll

beloved; sweet (adj) sváss

below; down (adv) niðri

belt (n) belti

bench (m) bekkr

bench (rowing bench), thwart (ship/sailing term) þopta

benches, boards of the benches (n) bekk-þili

bend (v) sveigja (ð)

bend down, bow; pay reverence to; lúta í - bend to; lúta ór horni - raise the head from the horn; lúta til - show deference to (v) lúta

bend forward to see, gaze, glare (v) gægjask (ð)

bend, arch (v) beygja

bend, arch; arbitration; beygði kenginn - arched its back (m) kengr

benefactor; supporter (m) styrktar-maðr

benefit gott

benefit, advancement, profit; luck; fame, growth, success; courage, ability (m) frami

benefit, help (m) beini

benevolent, loving (adj) ástugr

berserker (m) berserkr

beside, by, near; with; at one's place; at the side of; compared with; close by (prep) hjá

best (adj) beztr

best (adv) bezt

betray (v) svíkja

betray, trick (v) tæla

better (adj) betri

better known; known (adj) kunnr

better, compensate, make compensation, make amends for (v) bœta

better; more (adv) betr

bettering, cure, remedy; adornment; (f pl) compensation, atonement; at botúm - as atonement (f) bót

between, among; okkar í meðal - between us (our deaths) (prep) meðal, á meðal, í meðal

between; in (prep) milli

bewildered (n) wōrthæ-løs (‡)

bewildered, deluded (v) vill-hyggjandi

bewitch; practice sorcery (v) síða

bewitched; enchanted (n) elviscr (‡), elvist (‡)

beyond one's control ó-sjálfraðr

beyond; outside (of); externally; without; from without; um útan - around it; fyr útan - outside; (adv); utæn (‡)- beyond, without; except (prep); but (conj) útan

bid; invite, order, command; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) bjóða

Bifröst (another name for Bifröst) (f) Ásbrú

Bifrost, the rainbow bridge that connects Miðgarðr and Ásgarðr (f) Bifröst

big men, men of rank (n) stór-menni

big or strong man (n) afarmenni

big, huge, great (adj) stórr

big, loud mouth miklimunnr

big, stout; thick; deep (adj) digr

big, tall, great, large; much, very; severe; mikill fyrir sér - powerful, strong; þykkja mikill - affect one greatly; miklu - much, by far (adj) mikill

bigger, more (adj) meiri

billow (v) bylgja

bind up (a wound); dress; bind, tie, fasten; pledge; binda í - bind to, bind on (v) binda

bind, fetter (v) fjǫtra (að)

bind, fetter, band, cord, bond; the act of binding; (pl) bands, fetters band

bind, fetter; hinder, make difficulty; hold back, restrain (v) hepta

bind, tie, fasten; dress; bind up (a wound); pledge; binda í - bind to, bind on (v) binda

birch (n) bjarkan

bird (m) fugl, fogl

bird family or species (f) fuglakyn

bird speech, a bird's voice (f) fuglsrödd

birth (f) byrdh (‡)

birth (m) burðr

bishop (m) biskup

bishop's see; stool, chair; king's throne or residence (m) stóll, stōll (‡)

bison (m) vísundr

bit, piece, morsel (m) toddi

bit, whit (n) hót

bitch, female dog (f) bikkja

bitch, gripe beiskaldi

bitch; dog (n) grey

bite, bite through; rip apart; cut (v) bíta

bite, take effect on; fasten; strengthen; learn by heart; fæstiz viðr - withstood (the strokes) (v) festa (t)

bits, fragments; piece (m) moli

bitter, acrid; angry, exasperated; painful, sore (adj) beiskr

bitter, wretched, shameful, harsh (adj) herfiligr

Bivor (personal name) Bívǫrr

Bjarni (personal name) (m) Bjarni

Bjorn Fur-Skins (personal name) (m) Skinna-Björn

Bjorn's daughter (personal name) (f) Bjarnadóttir

Bjorn's Fjord (place name) (m) Bjarnarfjöðr

black svartr

black (pure black) (adj) alsvartr

black art, magic, sorcery (f) fjölkyngi

black tooth blatqnn

black; blue; dark (adj) blár

black; dark (adj) blakkr

blackish, swarthy (adj) sámr

blade; brand, firewood (piece of) (m) brandr

Blain (personal name) Bláinn

blame a person for a thing; know, know how to; be able; feel (an emotion); vera kann - it is possible; kunna sik - know oneself; kunna þǫkk - be grateful to; give thanks to; kunna illa - be greatly displeased or distressed by (v) kunna

blame, reproach (m) ámæli

blame, speak ill of (v) lasta

blasphemy (f) goðgá

blaze (v) loga (að)

blazing brand, firebrand (burning wood) (m) eldi-stokkr

bleating of sheep (m) sauða-jarmr

bleed, ooze (of blood from a slight wound) (v) dreyra

blemish, fault vamm

blend, mix (v) blanda (blett, -að)

blessed, happy; hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) heill

blind (adj) blindr

blind, sightless (adj) sjónlauss

blood (m) dreyri

blood (n) blóð

blood, 'point wave' (m) odd-breki

blood, ruddiness, vital warmth lá

blood, 'sea of the body' (m) ná-sær

blood, 'stream of the body' (m) ná-vimr

blood-eagle bloðorn

blood-stained (adj) dreyrugr

blood-stained; reddened (adj) roðinn

bloody (adj) blóðugr

blow in the face (m) kinn-hestr

blow, stroke (m) skellr

blow, stroke, chop; beheading, execution; hǫggva í millum - between strokes (n) högg, hǫgg

blow, swing, sweep (f) svipan

blow; blásinn - bare, stripped by the wind (v) blása

blowing out, snorting (f) fnǫsun

blue; dark, black (adj) blár

English --- Top a b be bo c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse ---

boar (wild) galti

board, strake, hull, plank (ship/sailing term); side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) borð

board, strake, hull, plank; side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) borð

boards of a hall used for seating flet

boards of the benches, benches (n) bekk-þili

boast of, praise, flatter (v) hœla

boast; praise (v) hrósa

boastful (adj) hrœsinn

boasting (n pl) kǫpuryrði

boat (ship's boat) bátr

boat (small boat towed behind a ship) (m) eptir-bátr

boat (small boat), canoe; sledge-runner (m) keipr

boat, ship (n) skip

boat, small ship skúta

bode, mean; suited for, be suitable for (v) gegna (d)

body (m) líkami

body, corpse (n) lík, lik

body; shape, form (n) líki

bodyguard of a king or earl; court; the king's men, retainers (f) hirð

bog, fen (n) fen

bog, moor, swamp; más mýrr - sea, 'mew's moor' (f) myrr, mýrr

boil (f) kveisa

boil (v) vella (d)

boil, cook (v) sjóða

boil, sore (n) kaun

bold (adj) snarr

bold in battle víg-djarfr

bold in battle (adj) þing-djarfr

bold man, gallant fellow; warrior (m) drengr

bold of heart þor-móþR (‡)

bold, brave, gallant, valiant (adj) vaskr

bold, daring (adj) djarfr

bold, daring, courageous, or warlike man or woman; dauntless man, gallant fellow (term of endearment) (m) garpr

bold, swift, keen; liberal, open-handed (adj) ǫrr (van)

boldly (adv) djarfliga

boldness; ability, skill, prowess; fearlessness, courage, doughtiness (m) dugr

Bombur (personal name) Bǫmburr

bondwoman (f) ambótt

bondwoman (f) hús-konæ (‡)

bondwoman; handmaid, maidservant (f) ambátt

bone (hollow bone of arms and legs); leg; leggr ok liðr - every limb (m) leggr

bone; ivory (n) bein

bones (heap), bone-pile (f) beinahrúga

book (f) bók

Book of Settlements (f) Landnámabók

Book of the Icelanders (f) Íslendingabók

booth, temporary dwelling (f) buð

booty; at herfangi - as booty (n) herfang

border, hem, end of cloak; sheet, corner of the sail (ship/sailing term); láta skaut horfa á land - sail along the coast (n) skaut

bored with a gimlet bor-móðr

born burin(n)

born out of wedlock oskilgetinn

both (adj) báðir

both, each of two (pron) hværr-tveggja (‡)

both, each of two (pron) hvárrtvegi, hvárrtvegja

both, in; bæði … ok - both … and (conj) bæði

both; who, which (of two)?; each (of two); at hváru - yet, however (pron and adj) hvárr

Bothvar (personal name) Bǫðvarr

bottom, ground (m) grunnr

bottom, ground; broad surface; surface of the earth, earth grund

boulder, rock, stone; cliff; crag; mountain (n) bjarg

boulder-strewn rocky ground; lava (n) hraun

bound, obliged; due; urgent; obligatory; related to; related by kinship; right; skyldir þjónustumenn - bond-servants; skyldæstæstr - nearest (related) (adj) skyldr

boundary; banner, standard; token, mark, sign; sample; mikit merkjum - extensive, of wide expanse (n) merki

bow (m) bogi

bow (yew bow) (m) ý-bogi, ybogi

bow of yew; yew tree (m) ýr

bow; branch; besom (broom) (m) lími

bow; elm (m) almr

bowl (for hand-washing) (n) i muntlauki

bowlegged (adj) gleidr

bowline (ship/sailing term) bóglína, boglina

bowline, rope; line; bridal veil; linen headdress (f) lína

bow-string (m) bogastrengr

bow-string, flax, linen (m) hörr, hǫrr

bowstring; rope, cable (ship/sailing term); scroll (m) strengr

box, receptacle (m) skokkr

boy (n) svein-barn

boy, lad, servant; page (m) sveinn

boy, urchin (m) svein-stauli

boy, young man; man; son; (m); kindred (m pl) mögr, mǫgr

boy; man; warrior; hero (m) seggr

brace (ship/sailing term) aktaumr

brace (ship/sailing term) stoeðingr

bracelet, ring, armlet; coil (m) baugr

brain (m) heili

branch of learning, body of knowledge; wisdom (f) speki

branch, division; particular, detail grein

branch; bow; besom (broom) (m) lími

branches, limbs (f pl) limar

brandish (a weapon), draw (sword); move quickly; break (faith or an oath); turn, alter, change; break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) bregða

brass (f) mersing

brave, biting, keen, fierce (adj) bitr

brave, bold, gallant, valiant (adj) vaskr

brave, stout-hearted (adj) hraustr

brave, sturdy, vigorous (adj) röskr

brave, valiant (adj) drengiligr

brave, valiant (adj) frœkn

brave; eloquent, clever in speech (adj) snjallr

brave; good, fine; liberal (adj) góðr

bravely (adv) fræknliga

bravely (adv) hraustliga

bravely; manfully (adv) frœknliga

bread (n) brauð

bread-making (f) brauðgǫrð

breadnose braudnefr

break (faith or an oath); break off, move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); turn, alter, change; leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) bregða

break up (the court); gallop; make run (v) hleypa

break, be broken (vi) brotna (að)

break, break a hole in; rjúfa sáttmál - break an agreement or truce; rýfr veðrit - the weather clears (v) rjúfa

break, break up, break open, break into; destroy; violate; deal out, distribute; exert oneself; brjóta skip - be wrecked (ship); brjóta til rikis - fight for the kingdom; brjóta upp grjót - pull up stones; exert oneself, struggle; brjótask til rikis - fight for the kingdom (v) brjóta

break, breaking, opening (n) rof

break, burst, crash; bresta niðr - crash down; bresta upp - burst forth (v) bresta

break, violate (v) brýtæ (‡)

break; maim; strike; smite; beat; lemja í sundr - break (v) lemja

break; rend; snap; tear; slitit er þínginu - the assembly is ended; þar til er ór slítr - until it is quite finished (v) slíta

break; snap (v) slitna (að)

breakfast time; day time, a roughly three hour time of the day beginning about 9:00 a.m. (n) dagmál

breaking open of a grave-mound; grave destruction (n) hauga-brot

breast, chest (n) brjóst

breast, heart, 'shore of the mind' (f) mun-strǫnd

breast; grasp, catch, hold; wrestling, contest; provisions; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) fang

breath (n) ør-indi

breath, spirit (m) andi

breath; life; spirit, soul (f) ǫnd, önd

breeches (f pl) brœkr

Breidablik, the hall of the god Baldr (n) Breiðablik

brethren of the boiling, those who eat together at the sacrificial feast (m pl) suþ-nautar (‡)

bridal gift (n) brúð-fé

bridal veil; bowline, rope; line; linen headdress (f) lína

bride, young married woman; wife (f) brúðr

bride-price (m) mundr

bride's veil; flax; linen, linen garment (n) lín

bridge; causeway built over swampy ground (f) brú

bridge; gangway; pier; landing-stage (f) bryggja

bridle (n) beizl

bridle, rein; ganga í tauma - fail, not be fulfilled (m) taumr

brief; short; fyrir skǫmmu - a short time ago (adj) skammr

bright (adj) bjartr

bright, clear (adj) heiðr

bright, clear; light; light colored; fair; it ljóstasta - most clearly (adj) ljóss

Brimir, sword; (name of a sword); (name of a giant) Brimir

bring about, cause; signify, amount to; wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause if this (v) sæta (tt)

bring up, rear; give birth to; feed; nurse; grow up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) fœða (dd)

bring, move; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; , thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) leggja

bring, present, convey, send, give; hurl, smite; move; fœra hǫfuð - give onself up to another; fœra fram - bring forward; fœra upp - raise up; fœra fœtr við - brace one's feet against a pull; fœrask í - fall into (v) fœra (ð)

bring, take, get; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)

bringing, carrying; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) með

broad; breiðir steinar - brooches; bíta breiðara - take bigger bites breiðr

broad-axe (f) boløx

broad-bladed spear (n) höggspjót

bronze; copper (n) eir

brook, stream (m) lœkr

brother (m) bróðir

brother and sister (n pl) systkin

brother-in-law; relative by marriage; father-in-law; son-in-law (m) mágr

brown (adj) brunn

brownish-gray with a dark stripe down the back brúnmóálöttr

bruise, beat (v) beysta

brush, smooth; stroke, rub, wipe; caress (v) strjúka

buck, fellow (used as a manner of address); bokki sæll - good fellow, good sire, boss (m) bokki

bucket, pail (f) bytta

buffoon, fool (m) dāræ (‡)

buffoon, minstrel, fool (m) lēkare (‡), lækari (‡)

build, forge, make (v) smíða (að)

build, make, compose; do, perform; act; finish (v) gera (ð)

build, make; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra

build, timber, construct (v) timbra (að)

build; dwell; settle; inhabit; byggias firir - settle in (v) byggja (gð)

builder; smith; artificer (m) smiðr

building of a stronghold (f) borgar-górð

building, making; arbitration; taka menn til gørðar - choose arbitrators (f) gørð

building, work (f) smíð

built, made; done; ready; sent; done for, finished off (adj) gǫrr (van)

bull (m) graðungr

bull (m) griðungr

buna (nickname of uncertain meaning, perhaps 'one with ungartered stockings,' i.e. hanging down his leg) (f) buna

bunch, cluster (m) kǫngull

buntline (ship/sailing term) gyrðingr

Bur, Odin's father Burr

burden, load (f) byrðr

burial monument, mound or cairn (frequently used on Danish or Swedish rune stones in the plural); sepulchral monument (n) kumbl

burial mound; grave mound; mound (m) haugr

burn, be on fire; burning (vi) brenna

burn, light, set on fire; brenna inna - burn (a person) in his house (vt) brenna (d)

burn, singe; smart, cause pain (v) svíða

burn; well; spring (m) brunnr

burning light; light, lantern (n) ljós

burst forth, spring up; start, spring; sprout; make spring apart, split (v) spretta

burst out, gush; erupt (v) gjósa

burst, break, crash; bresta niðr - crash down; bresta upp - burst forth (v) bresta

burst, spring, leap; spring asunder; snap; drive; be sprinkled; støkkva útan - spring back (v) støkkva

burst; jump, spring; issue forth; die from overexertion or grief (v) springa

bury, cover over, conceal, hide (v) hylja

bury; bury in a mound (v) heygja (ð)

Buseyra, a giantess killed by Thor (f) Búseyra

business; work (f) sýsla

but (conj) men (‡)

but (introducing a question); or; and (conj) eða

but little; scarcely; scantily (adv) vart

but when (conj) en er

but, and (conj) æn (‡)

but, and (conj); also (adv) though; ok þá - then; ok þó - although ok

but, and; than; when, if; þá en - when; en at - than that (conj) en

but, except, save; unless (conj) nema

butter (n) smjör

button, fasten; pull (v) kneppa (t)

button-hole or loop (f) nezla

buy; pay for; make a bargain; dýrt kaupa - pay dearly for; kaupa at - pay, hire (v) kaupa

by (means of); onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) á

by means of; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); bringing, carrying; with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) með

by no means, not (adv) ekki

by no means; far, far off; fjarri fór þat - far from it (adv) fjarri, fierri

by sight, apparently (adv) sýnum

by turns, variously (adv) ymist

by, near (prep) hōs (‡)

by, near; with; at one's place; beside, at the side of; compared with; close by (prep) hjá

by; at, in; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, to, towards, against; from; according to; regarding; concerning; after (prep) at

Byzantine emperor (m) Garðs-konungr

English --- Top a b c ch co cr d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse ---

cabin (back cabin); skutr munknarrar - memory (m) skutr

cable (ship/sailing term), rope; scroll; bowstring (m) strengr

cable, rope (twisted rope) (m) kaðall

cairn (f) varða

cairn (m) varði

cairn, grave (f) dys

cake of dung (f) myki-skán

calf (m) kálfr

calf-skin shoe (m) kálfskinn-skór

call to mind, remember; muna langt fram - remember from a long time back (v) muna

call up; speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) kveða

call upon, summon; invite, order, command; bid; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) bjóða

call, call together, summon; go in a certain direction; turn to; advance; aim at (v) stefna (d)

call, cry out; say, declare; name (v) kalla

call, name, give a name to, call on; promise; be called, be named; pray to (v) heita

call, name; mention; næmnæ í gēn (‡) - give formal welcome to, give one's name (v) nefna (d), næmnæ (‡)

calling of witnesses, witness summons (f) vátt-nefna

calm (n) logn

calumny, slander (n) illmæli

came kam

can, be in a position to; be able to; may; could (v) kná (knátta)

can, may; be able to; má mér at - that may happen to me; vera má - it is possible; mega við - be able to withstand (v) mega

canoe (skin-covered canoe) (m) huð-keipr

canopy, tent; pavilion; rǫðuls tjald - the heavens (n) tjald

capable of bearing arms; skilled in arms (adj) vápn-fœrr

capable, enterprising (adj) gørviligr

capital; chief place (m) höfuðstaðr

capricious, fickle, unpredictable (adj) margbreytinn

captain (of a ship), steersman (m) stýri-maðr

captain, commander, leader (m) foringi

captain, leader, chieftain, (lit fore-man) (m) formaðr

captain; leader; chieftain; chief, ruler (m) hǫfðingi

capture, take, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka

capture; seize (v) handtaka

care (f) um-sjá

care, aid; patronage (f) forsjá

care, anxiety (f) áhyggja

care, care for, mind, hide, conceal; keep; keep in a box or chest; hirðumat fælask - let us not be frightened (v) hirða (ð)

careful, wary (adj) gætinn

carefully, completely (adv) vandliga

carefully, intelligently (adv) skynsam-liga

carelessly (adv) óvendiliga

caress; stroke, rub, wipe; smooth, brush (v) strjúka

cargo (m) farmr

cargo, wares (m) varningr

carrion beast; wolf (n) valdr, val-dýr

carrion eater kamphundr

carrion, corpse (of the slain in battle), dead body (n) hræ

carry sail, sail; sigla með - sail along; sail past (ship/sailing term) (v) sigla

carry; bring, deliver; convey, move, remove; speak; tell, recite; plead (a case); flytja upp - unload (v) flytja

carry; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)

carrying off (f) brauflutning

carrying, bringing; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) með

cart, wagon (m) waghn (‡)

carter (someone who drives a cart or wagon) (m) vagn-karl

carve, cut (runes), engrave; form by carving; láta rísta rúnar - have runes carved (v) rista, rísta

carve; cut, shear; cut through; cut open, pierce; make incisions; slaughter; skera upp - dispatch; skerask undan - draw back from (v) skera

case; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; cause (n) mál

cask, vat; a measure (containing about 150 lbs. of wheat) (n) sáld

cast (v) gjóta

cast, throw (v) kasta (að)

cast, throw; deal out; inlay (runes); verpa haug - build up a mound (over the dead) (v) verpa

castle (m) kastali

castle, fortress, stronghold; town; funeral pyre (f) borg

cat (m) kǫttr, köttr

catch of fish; bounty of the sea (m) sjávarafli

catch, get, obtain, reach, overtake; be able to; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) ná (ð)

catch, grasp, hold; wrestling, contest; provisions; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) fang

catch, hunting, fishing (f) veiðr

catch, overtake; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa

catch, take, capture, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka

catch; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) fá

catch; hunt (v) veiða

catch; obtain (v) hreppa

cat-skin and fur (n) katt-skinn

catskin glove (m) kattskinn-glófi

cattle (m) fénaðr

cattle (n) fí-lépi (‡)

cattle pasture (m) fjár-hagi

cattle, farm-cattle (n) búfé

cattle, oxen (n) naut

cattle; sheep; wealth, money; possessions (n) fé

cauldron (m) ketill

cause increase, multiply (v) œxla

cause of death, bane, slayer; death (m) bani

cause pain, burn, singe; smart (v) svíða

cause to be done, command; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta

cause to hasten, hurry; hasten (v) skynda (d)

cause, bring about; signify, amount to; wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause if this (v) sæta (tt)

cause, condition; right, lawful claim; law; treaty (m) réttr

cause, reason, sake; action; charge; offense; suit, lawsuit, dispute; fyrir sakar - on account of, because of, by reason of; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; sakir, sakar - because of, for the sake of; um viku sakar - for a week; sǫkum, fyrir sǫkum - because of (f) sǫk

cause; be the cause of; wield; have authority in; have in charge (v) valda

cause; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case (n) mál

cavalry charge áreið

cave (m) hellir

cave or stone dwelling; stone, rock; [poetic] precious stone, jewel (m) steinn

cease, stop; lift; léttir - a thing ceases or abates; áðr létti - before the end (v) létta

cease; risk, venture, stake (v) hætta

celebration, glory; gøra at ágætum - give great praise to (n); glorious deeds (n pl) ágæti

certain, wise; known; til víss, fyrir víst - for certain; vita hvers víss yrði - find out for certain; veggbergs vísir - frequenters of the rocks, knowing the precipice; at vísu, víst - certainly, in truth (adj) víss

certainly, in truth (adv) víst

certainly; firmly; fast, strongly, hard (adv) fast

English --- Top a b c ch co cr d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse ---

chafing, scorched, pinched (adj) skarpr

chain-mail shirt; mail (coat of) (f) brynja

chair, stool; bishop's see; king's throne or residence (m) stóll, stōll (‡)

challenge (v) bjóðja

challenge; invite, order, command; bid; offer; provide; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) bjóða

champion (great champion, addressing Thor) (m); einherjar - slain warriors who dwell in Valhöll (m pl) einheri

champion (m) kæmpe (‡)

champion, a valiant man (m) hreystimaðr

champion, hero (m) kappi

chance; choice, alternative; offer; opportunity; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; cost, expense; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress - (m) kostr

change of mood (n) skap-skipti

change, turn, alter; move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) bregða

change; crew (f) skipan

change; divide; share; amount to; shape; exchange; decide; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) skipta

change; umskipti er á orðit - a decision has been reached (n) um-skipti

changeable (n) hverfr

character, disposition (m) skap-leikr

character, state, condition, affairs; means; advantage; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) hagr

character; manner; mind, temper; mood; nature; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) lund

characteristic(s), nature eðli

charcoal, coals, cinders (n pl) kol

charge; payment (f) ūt-gift (‡)

chariot; riding (f) reið

charm; stipulation, condition; preamble, foreward, preface; formula (m) formáli

charms, mysteries (f pl); rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret, mystery; secret wisdom, secret writing (f) rún

charms, talisman (n pl) taufr

chase, pursue; cast down (v) elta

chasm, gap, gaping gap

chatter (v) hjala

chatter (v) klaka (að)

cheek kinn

cheerful (adj) reifr

cheerful in speech (adj) glaðmæltr

cheerful, glad, merry (adj) glaðr

cheerful, merry; frolicsome (adj) teitr

cheerful; merry (adj) kátr

cheese (m) óst (‡)

chest, box (f) kista

chest, bre