White suspects were warned but not fired at more often than other races, reveal figures from Connecticut, the first state to document every stun gun incident

Officers last year fired stun guns at black and Hispanic people at a higher rate than at white suspects, and warned but did not fire at white suspects at a higher rate than they did black or Hispanic people, according to preliminary data from the first US state to require police to document their use of stun guns.

The new data from Connecticut come as police across the US face increasing scrutiny over their use of force, in the wake of high-profile fatal shootings by officers, especially of black suspects. Although stun guns have been billed as non-lethal alternatives to guns, they have resulted in deaths, and reliable information on how police use them has been lacking.

Amnesty International has reported that at least 540 people in the US died after being shocked with stun guns from 2001 to 2012.

Among the Connecticut figures revealed in the raw data, obtained and reviewed by the Associated Press ahead of an official report expected in coming weeks:

Police reported 641 incidents involving stun guns last year, including 437 actual firings and 204 threats of use



Thirty percent of the people involved in the overall incidents were black and 21 percent were Hispanic



Within the overall number of stun gun incidents, officers fired at them 60% of the time in cases involving white suspects, 80% of the time in cases involving black suspects and 69% of the time in cases involving Hispanic suspects



Officers warned about firing but did not do so at white suspects 40% of the time, black suspects 20% of the time and Hispanic suspects 31% of the time



When state and municipal officers fired their stun guns in 2015, 43% of the suspects were white, 35% were black and 21% were Hispanic. But when officers only threatened to use stun guns and did not fire them, 61% of the subjects were white, 19% were black and 20% were Hispanic



A 2014 law made Connecticut the first state to require all police departments to report every instance in which an officer discharges or threatens to use a stun gun. Researchers at Central Connecticut State University are reviewing the data and will submit a report with analysis to state officials, possibly by the end of February.

The figures do not include data from several smaller towns that did not submit reports. Researchers have contacted them and are awaiting responses.

State officials cautioned against making quick conclusions about the figures, saying they have just begun to analyze them after the 15 January deadline for police departments to submit the reports. Civil liberties advocates also said that the data appear to show racial disparities on the surface, but that more analysis is needed.

“It seems like in the cases where it was threatened but not used, there were far more white people involved,” said Michael Lawlor, state undersecretary for criminal justice policy and planning. “Why that is and whether there is some other explanation, we’re going to go through the data and try to figure it out.”

The Connecticut data showed one death from stun guns last year, in the community of Branford, researchers said. Media reports and the American Civil Liberties Union of Connecticut show two deaths in the state – the one in Branford and an additional one in Hartford. The reason for the discrepancy was not immediately clear.

Among injuries, the vast majority were from removal of the prongs that deliver the shock, researchers said.

In Connecticut, 17 people have died since 2005 after police hit them with stun guns, 12 of them minorities, according to the ACLU.

Of the new data on stun gun use, David McGuire, legislative and policy director for the Connecticut ACLU, called the statistics “alarming”.

“I think this data will be helpful for policymakers and police chiefs in Connecticut to get a handle on the issue,” he said.