Octavia E. Butler

Octavia E. Butler (June 22, 1947 – February 24, 2006) was an American author of science fiction. In the white male-dominated genre of science fiction, she broke ground not only as a woman, but as an African-American.

In her New York Times obituary, she was described as “an internationally acclaimed science fiction writer whose evocative, often troubling novels explore far-reaching issues of race, sex, power, and ultimately, what it meant to be human.”

Born in Pasadena, CA, Octavia Estelle Butler’s father died when she was an infant. Raised by her single mother, Butler was a painfully shy child, and always exceedingly tall for her age. She also struggled with dyslexia, which made schoolwork a torture. She began to believe that she was, as she put it, “ugly and stupid, clumsy, and socially hopeless.”

Her dyslexia was no barrier to developing a love for books and stories. She started to write her own stories at age ten after begging her mother to get her a Remington typewriter. She was drawn to science fiction magazines like Amazing Stories, whose contents spoke of wondrous possibility and unlimited imagination.

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Octavia E. Butler biography highlights

Growing up painfully shy, dyslexic, and feeling socially awkward, Octavia Butler took solace in books and stories, starting to write her own at age ten.

Disciplined and determined, Butler worked mindless jobs that wouldn’t drain her mental energies so she could write at odd hours. She had her first breakthroughs with short stories.

Kindred (1979) put Butler on the literary map. It’s a speculative novel in which a African-American woman travels back and forth from her own time to the days of slavery.

Butler broke through at a time when the genre of sci-fi was dominated by white males. As a black woman, it was all the more gratifying to see her Patternmaster and Xenogenesis series succeed and find an audience.

Octavia Butler was recognized and celebrated for her achievements within her lifetime, receiving many Hugo and Nebula awards and others. She died prematurely at the age of 58.

A bad sci-fi film set her in motion

Watching the 1945 movie Devil Girl From Mars on television when she was about 12 years old set her mind in motion. From a talk she gave at MIT in 1998, “Devil Girl from Mars: Why I Write Science Fiction”:

“It’s impossible to begin to talk about myself and the media without going back to how I wound up writing science fiction and that is by watching a terrible movie. The movie was called, “Devil Girl from Mars,” and I saw it when I was about l2 years old, and it changed my life.

… As I was watching this film, I had a series of revelations. The first was that “Geez, I can write a better story than that.” And then I thought, “Gee, anybody can write a better story than that.” And my third thought was the clincher: “Somebody got paid for writing that awful story.” So I was off and writing, and a year later I was busy submitting terrible pieces of fiction to innocent magazines.”

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Determined to Write

After graduation from Pasadena City College in the early 1970s, Butler’s mother wanted her to become a secretary. But she was determined to write, taking on all kinds of mindless jobs that wouldn’t drain her mental energies — dishwasher, telemarketer, potato chips inspector.

She stuck to a strict writing schedule, sometimes rising at 2:00 am to write for several hours. Whatever external encouragement she may have lacked, Butler gave to herself. In her notebook, she wrote: “I shall be a bestselling writer. I will find the way to do this. So be it! See to it!”

Breakthroughs and deeper meanings

After publishing some short stories, Butler’s first novel was Patternmaster (1976). It was the first in what would become a four-volume series. Central to these novels are Patternists, people with telepathic powers.

But it was Kindred (1979) that really helped Butler launch her career. It tells of a contemporary African-American woman who travels back in time to save an ancestor who happens to be a white slave owner. By saving him in his time, she ensures her own survival in the future.

Other highly-regarded books included the Xenogenesis trilogy — Dawn (1987), Adulthood Rites,(1988), and Imago (1989). The two-part Parable series — Parable of the Sower (1993) and Parable of the Talents (1998) are also among Butler’s best-known works.

For Octavia Butler, science fiction wasn’t merely a vehicle for escaping into fantasy, but a means to explore universal issues that face humanity. Her deep and abiding interest in and observation of human nature — even within fantastical realms — is what makes her work so compelling, and complex. And yet her storytelling is flowing and natural. Many of her novels are tightly plotted page-turners. Many of her protagonists are strong and believable black women.

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Octavia Butler Quotes on Writing and Human Nature

Photo credit: Winnovating Science Fiction

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Recognition and awards for Octavia Butler

Once Butler’s books appeared in print regularly, it didn’t take long for the literary world to take note. “Speech Sounds” won the 1984 Best Short Story Hugo Award, and the same year, the novella “Bloodchild” won a Nebula Award. Many other awards followed.

In 1995, Butler became the first science fiction writer ever to be awarded a MacArthur Foundation“genius” grant. This made it possible for her to buy a house for her mother and herself.

Octavia Butler came to be known as “The Grand Dame of Science Fiction.” The Los Angeles Times quoted her as saying, “I’m black, I’m solitary, I’ve always been an outsider.” In her novels, she presented characters who had to endure, make compromises, and sometimes accept radical change as a means of survival. Though sometimes presented in fantastical settings, she left no doubt that her protagonists were emblematic of historically exploited minorities.

Butler was an important catalyst in a literary movement called Afro-Futurism world, which depicts black characters as central to sci-fi realms.

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Final years

After her mother died in 1999, Butler moved to Seattle. She began to experience ill health, depression, and writer’s block. Numerous projects were started and abandoned, but she managed a final novel, Fledgling (2005).

She died in 2006 in Seattle, Washington at her home. She was 58 years old. Though she had been suffering from an increasing number of health problems, the exact cause of her death, which may have been exacerbated by a fall, is unknown, though it has been said she may have died of a stroke or head injuries.

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Octavia Butler page on Amazon*

More about Octavia Butler

On this site

Major Works

Patternist series

Patternmaster (1976)

Mind of My Mind (1977)

Survivor (1978)

Wild Seed (1980)

Clay’s Ark (1984)

Xenogenesis series

Dawn (1987)

Adulthood Rites (1988)

Imago (1989)

Lilith’s Brood (2000)

Parable series (also known as Earthseed)

Other novels and short story collections

Kindred (1979)

Bloodchild and Other Stories (1996)

Fledgling (2005)

More information

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