Stella Walsh’s story is perhaps one of the most unusual of any Olympic athlete. She was born Stefania Walasiewicz in Poland in 1911, and her family immigrated to the United States shortly thereafter, changing their name to Walsh and settling in Cleveland, Ohio, where she grew up. As a teenager, Walsh was a rising track-and-field star, setting a world record in 1930 in the 100-yard dash. She was expected to land a gold medal for the United States at the 1932 Olympics.

The Depression, however, cost Walsh her job with the New York Central Railroad. In that era athletes had to pay their own way to the Games, and, without a job, Walsh would not be able to compete in Los Angeles. Making a difficult decision, she took a job at the Polish consulate in New York City and represented Poland, not the United States, at the Olympics. Some in the United States saw her place on the Polish team as a failure of the U.S. Olympic Committee to support female athletes; others saw it as a betrayal by Walsh of her new homeland. Because she competed for Poland, her naturalization as a U.S. citizen was delayed for almost 15 years; she was finally granted citizenship in 1947.

At the Los Angeles Games, Walsh competed under the name Stanisława Walasiewicz and ran to a gold medal in the 100-metre race, equaling the world record with a time of 11.9 seconds. Her strides were so long that some observers likened her running style to that of a man. At the 1936 Games in Berlin, Walsh again competed for Poland, but she was beaten by U.S. rival Helen Stephens by 0.2 second and settled for the silver medal.

In 1980 in Cleveland, Walsh was fatally shot in the cross fire of an attempted robbery. The subsequent autopsy revealed that Walsh had a chromosomal disorder known as mosaicism that left her with sexually ambiguous genitalia. Despite the gender confusion caused by the disorder, Walsh had lived her entire life as a woman.