Victoria has signed a fresh deal with the Chinese government and its global Belt and Road infrastructure project with Premier Daniel Andrews urging other Australian governments to follow suit.

The agreement, signed in Beijing on Wednesday evening, will deepen cooperation between the state and the Communist-ruled country in the key areas of infrastructure, innovation, ageing and trade development.

Wednesday’s deal was signed only a few hours after federal Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton questioned whether the Premier’s trade efforts in China were in the “national interest”.

Premier Daniel Andrews signed the agreement with China on Wednesday night. Credit:Eamon Gallagher

"Why does he believe this is in our national interest? Why does he believe it's in Victoria's interest?" Mr Dutton told reporters in Canberra on Wednesday.