Two dozen Roman Catholic schools in New York learned Tuesday they would permanently shut their doors at the end of the school year, in what the church said it hopes is the last round of closings for the foreseeable future.

The Archdiocese of New York will close 22 elementary schools throughout its jurisdiction, which includes Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island and seven other counties. The closures will affect more than 4,300 students, or about 9% of the elementary schools' enrollment. Two high schools with 424 students will...