The Theory and History of Economics, Government and Law

A paradigm of proactive management has been formulated that consists of the prevention of a crisis owing to the capitalisation of the future.

Keywords: capitalisation, market code, management, uncertainty, protocol, space, time, life.

The market is a manifestation of life. Life is manifested more brightly when it is condensed — in its points, lines, and space-time formations. Life develops as a single entity, so the market can also be considered to be a single entity. Understanding the essence of life and understanding the essence of the market is interrelated; however, life has an inherent uncertainty that carries a global nature as it is also inherent to inorganic systems and the ‘world of ideas’. This is confirmed by Heisenberg’s uncertainty1 principle and Goedel’s incompleteness theorem. The following aspects of global uncertainty can be distinguished:

Werner Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (1927) allowed us to move away from the image of the world as a cluster of objects to the image of the world as a system of complex interrelations between a whole single entity and its parts. The uncertainty correlation suggests that it is impossible to accurately and precisely describe the system at the level of particles, atoms and molecules, i.e. it is impossible to simultaneously measure the precise location and impulse of a particle. Goedel’s incompleteness theorem (1931) shows that it is impossible to select the best system and structure of constructive space for the consistent description of a complex object’s behaviour. In mathematics, well-established statements are called ‘axioms’, which involve self-evident principles, from which numerous irrefutable and incontestable conclusions emerge with the help of deduction inferences. But mathematics and mathematical laws in other sciences are not absolute truths. A few different geometries based on various axioms are equally consistent with the observed data on the structure of space. Goedel proved that the logical principles accepted by various schools of thought in the basis of mathematics do not allow to prove its irrefutability i.e. mathematics, as the strictest science, had lost its criterion of verity. There are no means of proving (i.e. finding a logical basis) that this world we are so used to visually, by sound and by touch exists in reality and not just in our minds. In the same way, there is absolutely no way of comparing our sensations, which are the essence of our subjective world image. In this way, our sensory and other perception systems serve to build the model of the outside world in our brains, and this model often resembles the combination of a globe with a political map of the world. The spacial relations depicted on it are often fundamentally different from the way it is coloured.

The common factor in the three uncertainties is the relation between time and space that represents a global uncertainty. The transition from space to time and time to space is bordering on the unknown; it is the stirring layer of space and time that carries a various information. Descartes (1637) had considered this problem as the main question in philosophy — how the “res cogitans” world interacts with the “res extensa” world, where “res cogitans” is a rational being and “res extensa” is an extended substance (a spatial dimension, about which the rational being’s feelings can provide inaccurate information).

Conclusion 1. In conclusion, it can be safely said that the relations between space and time in a single space-time entity is one of the main parameters of order that determine the dynamics of motion and, perhaps, the purpose of a system as complex as life.

People live in a deeply social world and find themselves constantly interacting with other people. There is a common aspect in the ritualisation of behaviour from the point of view of the evolution of species and from the point of view of cultural history. The protocol — this mechanism of chaotic structuring — shapes the ritual and rules of behaviour. In diplomacy, “a protocol is a set of rules, in accordance to which official representatives regulate the order of various diplomatic ceremonies in each country”2. What is important in this definition is that a protocol implies a set of rules. By extending this definition to life and the market, it is possible to understand how the change of rules in the market affects the dynamics of its behaviour.

Conclusion 2. The symbolic notion (time) of certain actions (space) forms a protocol.

The behaviour of elementary particles conforms to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle regardless of whether it admits to it or not. Unlike in physics, the market participants’ behaviour can be affected by what the participants think of themselves, as well as what others think about them. According to Soros, D. — a practising philosopher and famous investor — this principle of human uncertainty creates an obstacle that impedes not only the scientific study of human behaviour but also the unerring evaluation of the market status. Reflectivity adds the element of uncertainty to the thought process of the event’s participants or the event itself. Soros’s conceptual scheme is based on the relationship between thought and reality, or, in other words, an analogy between time and space.

Markets live and thrive on expectations, and the source of their development is a capital. The capital embodies space and time, meaning assets exist in two parallel worlds — materialistic and legal. Working with something that cannot be touched or seen is difficult. For example, time is real, but it can only be measured by a clock or a calendar. In addition to all these means of measuring immaterial events, a number of other systems have been developed throughout the history of humanity: writing, musical notation, and double-entry accountancy.

De Soto, one of the leading political speculators of Latin America in the 20th Century, insists that currently only the West is managing the process of transformation, which will allow to make the invisible visible. This process is founded on the legal infrastructure that acts as a basis for the proprietary system; in addition to that, another key part is the transformation of items, labour and capital. The sources of this process are “dark and buried deep in the Western economic subconsciousness”. Marx said that one must overstep the visible limits in order to touch ‘the chicken that lays golden eggs. Such a “chicken” can be characterised as the process of describing the assets’ most useful properties — in the socio-economic sense — which are then realized on a document on the right to private ownership, after which this information is registered in the form of an accounting record.

The analysis of success and failures of large Western companies3 has shown that there is a transformation of the space-time relationship in the capital, which is manifested in the migration of value from old business models to new ones that are engineered in a way that will maximally benefit the consumers and the company’s income. At the same time, the strength of the business model is evaluated by the correlation between market value and spatial overturn. This correlation is a tracking mechanism that indicates the value of one business model or another by comparing it with the competitors and evaluating perspectives for investors in other sectors.

The capital can be viewed not as an accumulated reserve of assets but as a potential for the development of new industries. This is what Soto’s idea is all about, assuming that the potential exists only as an abstract notion and can become active only by attaining a tangible form. In order for the saved assets to turn into an active capital and serve the industry’s expansion, they need to change shape and be realised into a certain object.

In order for the accumulated assets to become an active capital, life must be breathed into them. A person’s spirit is like a source of uncertainty that the market thrives on. Weber, M. pictured it in the form of the spirit of protestant ethics, while Zombart, V. saw it as a capitalist spirit that consisted of the entrepreneurial spirit (including money-grubbing, passion towards adventures, inventiveness etc.) and the petty spirit (disposition towards calculations and prudence, reasonableness and thrift).

By using the ideas of Soros’s conceptual scheme on the reflective interaction of thought and reality, De Soto’s ideas on the capital’s dual nature, the analysis of the dynamics of the migration of values based on the correlation of market value and turnover, as well as the results of modelling the market’s reflective connections and all the aforementioned on the market’s uncertainty, it is possible to understand the model of the protocol of the formation of relations between time and space (Fig. 1)4.

Fig. 1. Model of the protocol of the formation of relations between space and time.

Conclusion 3. The market’s uncertainty is manifested in the reflective interrelation between thought and reality, which is the projection of relations between time and space.

Based on the above conclusions and bearing in mind the conclusion of the Nobel Prize laureates — Prigozhin, I. And Stengers, I. — that “the history of Western school of thought is predominated by the conflict connected to the understanding of time — the conflict between the innovative time of human liberation and the periodically recurring time of the stable material world, in which any change and any novelty turns out to be nothing more than an appearance if necessary”, the following scientific hypothesis was formulated in the paper5:

Market management is determined by the protocol that dictates the optimal relations in a single whole entity — space-time-life — and sets the rules of the game and the laws of the market.

The dynamics of development of the global economic system swiftly transfers it from a complex state to a supercomplex state, as a result of which there is a brisk increase of crisis proneness of nodes in the rapidly forming networks in all sectors: financial, economic, trade, social and military. There exists a number of metaphors in political science that characterise this property of the modern world; for example, the most widespread metaphor is the view of an international crisis as a “gunpowder barrel”.

The hidden energy of crisis proneness lies in science and innovations: their influence can alter the nature of war, as well as the standards of thought (in particular, the quantum theory and theory of relativity assisted the emergence of nuclear weapons). Besides, our perception of reality is based on the scientific paradigms, and the new understanding of the surrounding reality can assist the development of innovative solutions to political dilemmas.

The interrelation between politics, strategy and the vision of future that sets the reference points for society and the superclass is depicted in Fig. 26. The common future and the aspiration towards it strengthens, bonds and directs most communities. The vision of the future, in turn, depends on the meanings and values, as well as the system-forming principles of their life conditions, realised by society and the elite. On the other hand, the future is determined by the prediction of dynamics of the world’s development 20–30 years ahead, the evaluation of the country’s corridor of opportunities, and the most probable risks and dangers in the various scenarios of its development.

Fig. 2. Interrelations between politics, strategy and the vision of future.

Despite the fact that the understanding of the world and its mathematical laws have changed, the Newtonian world view still dominates most sectors. If the DNA code can be described as a bundle of hereditary information, then the market code7 can be characterised as a product that represents a bundle of material and immaterial assets (a bundle of knowledge, brands, technology, patents, know-how of resource recycling — raw, energy, material, financial, and human resources — and the organisation of demand for these transformed resources). In fact, product markets are knowledge markets. The development of such markets was determined by movable and immovable factors, which characterised their production regions and sales regions.

The Center for the Study of Complex Systems at the National Defense University in the US suggests that the American crisis prone world is opposed by a new class of complex headlong challenges that are way ahead of the existing system of managing the responses to them and “winning the future”8. Weighed down by the speed of the ongoing changes, the supercomplex structure of these challenges represents an intertwined, mutually dependent network of complex events and the key players’ reactions to them.

This network touches upon the social, economic and political systems of the globalising and at the same time regionalising world. The analysed new class of challenges requires measures that will expand the horizon of understanding the ongoing processes, optimise the search for the best solutions in the matrix of scenarios of development, mobilise the actions of governmental and corporate institutions, and improve their ability to organise proactive management.

A management based on a linear approach that uses ministries and departments as organisation structures does not allow for the implementation of complex priorities. The traditional interdepartmental system does not allow for the provision of an effective and stable procedure of yielding optimal solutions, since it is based on the organisational mechanisms of industrial economics, which presumes that the event possesses a linear trajectory of development.

Complex priorities require an integrated approach to the formulation and yielding of management solutions based on the activity coordination of governmental structures, according to an American analyst, Leon Fuerth. For example, the multipartite energy problem must be solved not only by the ministry of energy but all the involved governmental structures using the coordination of the executive management of the US President. When carrying out the coordination procedure, it is important to consider the fact that complex priorities, shaped by the iteratively intersecting complex events, can yield unexpected effects with the lapse of time; these effects are the result of not a purposeful but a synergetic interaction. The aims of coordination must be short-term income and the adherence to long-term interests. The proactive management of complex priorities will involve not only the factors (which are are often not considered in the context of the existing problem) into the process of yielding solutions, but also the organisational structures that are usually not connected to it, which will provide a wider range of answers to complex challenges.

Proactive management is a system of systems that includes the system of the visualisation of a future, a system network that unites the visualisation with the political process, and a feedback system. The system of foresight visualisation is aimed towards the analysis of scenarios of development of different presumed events, the timely warning of upcoming major events, and the preparation of the higher officials for the potential consequences. Systematically organised foresight is a tool that can help to evaluate development scenarios of future events and model the possible solutions for the prevention of undesirable events. Expectations have a dual nature. On the one hand, one can expect and follow his expectations of executing the visualised events; on the other hand, one can counteract undesirable events or not believe that they will occur.

Above all, proactive management evaluates life’s condensation, which, from the market’s point of view, occurs in space and time; in it the interaction quanta (transactions) between people are minimal, while the proportions between space and time are favourable for life. The node of time condensation represent the knowledge realised in technology, and the space condensation represents the concentration of resources and technology for the creation of the product. The information on the condensation of space is provided by the flow of resources and product indexes. The analysis of interconnected flows of resources allows for the construction of even scenarios that describe the dynamic of development of real processes.

Proactive management for the evaluation of condensation of life, space and time has to decode the market code10. The market code consists of the technologies realised in the products, the value of which is determined by demand and offer. The unified image of the market code is located in the area of the life code and the interconnection with it. The market code is a composite part of the life code — an intersection in the ‘space-time-life’ coordinate system, where the nodes of interactions of life, space and time condensations intertwine. The diagram of the market code can be seen on Fig. 3, where the resources are finances, people, provisions, water, raw material and mineral resources, rare metals, land etc.; technologies are the financial, political, social, agricultural, military, industrial, transport and construction and other technologies; flows are of the financial, energy, product, raw material and mineral manner.

The main condensation node (Fig. 4) that occurs at the intersection of space-time-life is an image, a holographic bundle of the perceived reality, a world view, an image of good and evil, an image of power, and image of the basic business model of the management of life support, including the image of space and time. This worldview code broadcasts trust within space and time. The trust’s space decreases transactional expenses of the product and service production, promotion and sales. The projection of the image onto another space-time-life condensation node generates innovations that bring about new products and services, and shapes the market code.

Fig. 3. Market code

Fig. 4. Condensation node

In other words, the market code is a product or service in which time had been transformed into space; this is information on the interaction of the material and immaterial assets, which result in the generation of innovations. It can be said that matrix (material) things are space-time, while immaterial (ideal) things are nor space-time. As was mentioned before, the world view — world perception — has a significant effect on the generation of innovations. Even Leibniz considered space-time as a dual pair that determines the existence of the material and immaterial time. The image of the world in “space-time” coordinate system appeared in various shapes to various scientists. For Goegel it was the thesis, antithesis and synthesis; for Mendeleev it was his famous periodic table of elements; and for Newton it was God the Clockmaker. Bogdanov, A. added to the philosophical completeness of this idea by defining space-time in the form of an agreement of human experience, i.e. the tools and mechanisms of organisational management that establish the interrelations between space, time and life within a product with the help of a protocol. The paradigm of demand and offer through the prism of worldview in the market code is represented in Fig. 5.

Life is characterised by two properties: presence of hereditary information and the active realisation of the functions directed towards self-support and replication, as well as the receipt of energy required for the performance of this work. By analogy with the properties inherent in life, it is possible to determine the properties inherent to the market11:

1. Presence of a life-support system (see Fig. 5);

2. Existence of a market code, the means of reading the financial system of bundled knowledge and information presented in technology, as well a method of organising the management of a technological chain of production by means of delivering resources, energy, money and innovation to this chain;

3. Presence of market conscience as the projection of the image of good that is translated into trust and generates innovations and rules for the game of the free human spirit.

Throughout the process of the creation of the mechanisms of capitalisation process management, the papers12 look at the dynamics of global economy through the prism of self-organisation of correlations (proportions) in the “space-time-life” coordinate system. Space-time is a single whole entity, but the correlation between time and space changes within it. The proportions of time and space are determined by the code of actions: certain code favour space, whilst others favour time. Immaterial time is eternity, and absence of space is infinity.

Fig. 5. Paradigm of demand and offer on the market code.

The process of life takes place in the matrix (biological) space. The matrix is space and time in different proportions. Where proportions favour life, there is a condensation of life; where proportions favour capitalism, there is a condensation of capital. Interactions between material and immaterial by means of the materialisation process that occurs along the line of singularity (feature) lead to the increase in value of immaterial assets.

The correspondence of the image of reality of the occurring complex events is provided for by the protocol — a set of rules for the management of correlations (proportions) between space, time and life. The coordination of management of realisation of the prototype, which dwells in infinity, in space and time is realised by the elite (superclass) that finds optimal solutions with the game’s help, scaling them to social and business processes.

The prognosis and prevention of critical events on the development roadmap is done with the help of a nooscope (described in over 50 patents) — a device consisting of a network of spatial scanners that are used to receive and register changes in the biosphere and human activity with the help of transactions (“film shots” of events — intersections of space, time and life). The nooscope’s sensory network, starting with new generation bank cards and finishing with “smart dust”, undoubtedly identifies events in space and time13.

An event is the joint existence (interaction) of various shapes and content by means of exchanging substances, energy (radiation transfer of state) and information; it is a “film shot” of the space-time-life interaction. Capitalisation is the mechanism of transforming a disordered form of energy into an ordered one — one that is able to do work — with the help of a protocol. A transaction presumes the fixation of interactions between energy and information, which is why a transaction can serve as a unit of time not in the sense of duration but in the sense of an order of the sequence of events. Though post-industrial economics use the duration of an interval of absolute time as the base unit for capitalisation, the new paradigm of capitalisation of the future (determination of value) use not the duration but the order sequence of events. In other words, in the economics of knowledge the sale of time will not be the sale of futures for resources, but the sale of a place in queue for the acquisition of a resource (order of access to the distribution of exchange of substances, energy and information).

The image of the world in which a transaction is the base unit of time is described by Minkovski’s geometric four-dimension model, which significantly differs from the notions of Euclidean geometry in that the length of world lines is interpreted as time, which is measured by a physical clock. Consequently, in contrast to Newton’s hypothesis of absolute time, the measurement of time becomes dependent on the trajectory of the order sequence of events.

From the financial point of view, capitalisation is the transformation of income into a money capital. At the same time, the key link of capitalisation is the protocol that has the highest multiplicative effect. The growth dynamics of the world’s financial assets is impressive: from 12 billion dollars in 1980 to 212 billion dollars in 2010. USA had the most impressive rate of growth due to the capitalisation of immaterial assets.

The organisation of managing the aforementioned supercomplex economic system requires new methodology and new management principles. One of the possible order parameters that will set the dynamics of the system’s development is the protocol that determines the proportions between time and space in the network nodes and their connections. Another order parameter is the supercomplex self-organising system is the rate of change of proportions in the space-time-life protocol.

The market code’s definition formulated in the mentioned paper14 allows to characterise this code as a holographic bundle of information on the mechanisms of time’s transformation into space and space into time. The projections of this transformation are manifested in the market’s capitalisation, products and services that server as a condensation of knowledge and innovations, which are carried by life. The methods of coding and decoding the market are determined by the protocol that dictates the optimal correlations in a single whole entity — space-time-life — and establishes the game rules and market laws. By measuring the market code transactions15, the nooscope makes the invisible visible in the sense of de Soto’s theory, registers the dynamics of the market’s development and its tiniest changes, which allows for them to be considered and put on the accounting balance, and for the future to be capitalised.

The new paradigm of proactive management offered by the author consists of the creation of an “air bag” not by accumulating the past (i.e. the capital of previous periods) but the capitalisation of the future in the amounts necessary to prevent oncoming crises.

The leading institutions of transformation on the frontier of three environments — space, time and life — are the army and secret service. The created innovations are approved by them in aggressive environments of intelligence operations and war, after which the best samples are scaled into new products and services — with the help of government, corporate and social management — which then transform the market code.

At the moment, numerous works are being carried out on the creation of prototypes of advanced technology systems of proactive management16. For example, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration along with the Cisco company have announced their partnership on the development of online platforms for global ecological monitoring. In accordance with the signed contract, NASA and Cisco will develop an online platform called Planetary Skin for joint work in the field of ecological data collection and analysis that is registered by spatial, aerial, marine and land sensors scattered across our planet. This data will become property of the general public, governments and commercial organisations. They will allow to measure, report and test ecological data in almost real-time mode, as well as identify global climatic changes in good time and adapt to them.

Using the unique knowledge, assets and technology, the Planetary Skin program members will develop decision support systems, which will aid the effective management of natural systems such as biomass, water, earth and energy, climatic changes and their related risks (such as the rising sea levels, droughts and epidemics), as well as the development of new ecological market that develop around hydrocarbons, water and biodiversity.

Within the framework of the FuturICT program, for which a total of 1 billion euro was allocated, the European Union is developing the “Living Earth Simulator” project that will unite the information on natural phenomena and the features of the surrounding environment, as well as all the aspects of human activity. Then, with the help of supercomputers, it will be possible to establish a scientific basis for what is occurring and come up with logical connections, which will, in turn, allow to carry out prognoses. This initiative will unite hundreds of the best European scientific minds. It will be launched in January 2013. It is expected to obtain the first fully functional prototype by 2015, and in 2022 the fully fledged planetary simulator is planned to be launched. The project director, professor of sociology at the Swiss Federal Technological University (ETH) — Helbing, D. — explains the beginnings using the following arguments: thanks to the Large Hadron Collider and other innovative scientific devices and installations, we know more about physical laws than the laws that our own planet and its inhabitants live by; it is now time to force the various branches of knowledge to ‘collide’ with each other. According to the developers’ suppositions: in the case of the project’s realisation, if humanity does not solve the essence of most social and economic problems — social instability, military conflicts, the spread of diseases etc. — it will at least understand them. Members of the Living Earth Simulator program aim to use the existing databases, such as Wikipedia, Google Maps and social network, as well as other developments in the field of computer research of financial markets and, perhaps, climate changes.

To record the visible and the invisible, a nooscope was invented in Russia in 2011 — a device for the receipt and record of changes in the biosphere and human activity17. The roadmap of the nooscope implementation is presented in Fig. 6.

Fig. 6. Nooscope roadmap. Author: Loginov Evgeniy Alexandrovich.

The nooscope is a device that records changes in the noosphere. Academician, V. Vernadskiy defined the ‘living substance’ as the aggregate of bodies of the living organisms in the biosphere — the most powerful geological power that only grows with time. The “life current” is manifested in the heterogenous growth and development of energy in various groups of organisms. “In the world of living organisms in the biosphere there is an ongoing vicious battle for existence; not only for food but also the necessary gas. And this is the main battle since it normalises reproduction”. Humanity’s energy is directed towards the transformation of the substance in the biosphere, which will be used to transition into a quality state — the noosphere. According to Vernadskiy, “the noosphere — a biosphere processed by scientific thought, which was prepared by the past hundreds of millions (or even billions) of years via a process that created Homo Sapiens Faber — is not a short-term, transitioning phenomenon”.

Constructively, the nooscope uses the principal of the ‘Russian matryoshka doll’ — a bright image of geospheres (concentric layers of various densities and contents) that form the Earth. The seven layers of the nooscope shape the main spheres, in which the receipt and recording of changes occurs:

1. The business sphere — a global hypernet that implements the monitoring and accounting of products and services, flow of provisions, finances, informations, human and material resources, and advanced technologies;

2. Market conscience — a system for preventing crises on financial markets. It uses academician Bekhterova, N.’s discovery of an “error detector” in the human brain, which is activated during the discord between brain activity and the matrix stored in it. The comparison apparatus is the brain’s base function. It is this property of brain activity that the conscience’s mechanism of functionality is based on. Conscience is the internal perception of good and evil. A change in the state of conscience is a change in the physical state. A spike in the consciousness occurs based on the transformation of the correlations between space and time in the brain function. The factor that has the most significant effect on a healthy person’s brain function is emotion;

3. The infrastructure of human life support systems;

4. Technogeneous catastrophes;

5. Natural disasters;

6. Special-purpose layers;

7. Collective consciousness.

The nooscope is the first device of its kind that allows for the study of humanity’s collective mind.

Let us examine the basic models of the business layer.

1. The pre-industrial society: grain model. A grain is the code of materialisation of solar energy. The action code is the sale of space.

2. Industrial society: energy model. The internal combustion engine is the code of materialisation of the accumulated solar energy — oil. Action code: sale of space.

3. Post-industrial society: information model. The Internet is the code of materialisation of time. Action code: sale of time (percentage, shares, derivatives).

4. Market conscience society: transaction model. The nooscope is the code of materialisation of life’s transition from space to time. Action code: harmonisation of lie. A transaction is a point in space-time-life, where the materialisation occurs.

5. Meta model. The game of elites. By changing the rules of the game, the elite coordinates their activity through the cooperation system, which allows them to earn a super income from the market activity.

The nooscope is developed based on the technology of NBIC convergence (N — nano, B — bio, I — info, C — cogno). The nooscope’s core is the convergence converter, based on which the following were developed (Figs. 7, 8):

1. Spacial scanner — a device that simultaneously records a complex event and processes radio, video and audio signals, as well as signals from sensors.

2. Prototyping system, which allows to drastically accelerate the process of design and production of advanced technology products.

3. Convergence net that allows for the information exchange between people, devices and machines. This is a new generation of social networks (of sorts). It is the Internet of things18, that allows to let out new banking products, such as transaction derivatives19.

The technology being developed has a range of potential applications (Figs. 9, 10) in municipal services, such as transport, housing and communal services, social security, public health service, information systems for child care centers and others. The implementation of such a system on a city scale would help increase the order of efficiency of most municipal services’ work.

Fig. 7. Nooscope. Global hypernet. Non-living level.

Spatial scanning technology is a complex of information and technical systems that provide the identification of municipal assets. The system is based on the principles of the self-organising scattered sensor networks. The system’s key element is the spatial scanning device that registers the identifying information together with the information coming from the scattered sensors. In particular, video registration systems, satellite navigation systems, temperature, mass and radiation sensors, as well as active and passive identification markers, can all be used as the necessary sensors.

The developed spatial scanning technology grants the opportunity to complete the created municipal intellectual transport system with local communication mechanisms, which will allow for the interaction of transport with the road’s infrastructure. Besides the traditional ‘green waves’ the system allows to create perspective mechanisms of road flow management, such as group management. Based on the spatial scanning system, the formation of real-time recording mechanisms of parking spots and the intellectualisation of the municipal passenger bus fleet becomes possible.

One of the suggestions for the intellectualisation of the bus fleet is a“smart stop” system. This system presumes the identification of the passing buses and the transmission of this data to the municipal portal. Data from the portal can be supplied to consumers (city residents) and their mobile devices in real time. The city traffic condition does not allow for the creation of a precise timetable for all buses; however, information on their current location combined with the road traffic status will permit for an accurate estimate of the actual traffic schedule.

Fig. 8. Nooscope. Global hypernet. Complex level.

Fig. 9. Nooscope. Global hypernet. Business routes.

Fig. 10. Nooscope. Global hypernet. Target markets.

The system presumes the creation of a unified standard for the data transmission for various transport operators working in, for example, in the Moscow Region. Such an information exchange will allow for the synchronisation of travel between various types of municipal public transport, while the unification will result in the decreased end cost of the creation of information systems for transport operators, which will reflect on the cost of services for the end consumers.

Within the framework of the municipal public health system, the spatial scanning system will allow for the automation of medical service processes in municipal health centers, and, in particular, introduce the identification of the service’s consumer upon his entering the public health center, and implement the automation of document turnover, which will significantly decrease the workload of medical workers and, hence, increase the quality of medical services. In addition, the spatial scanning system will allow for the automation of handling and recording processes of strong and narcotic drugs, the organisation of medical equipment records, and much more.

Within the educational framework, the development of the spatial scanning system in Moscow schools and children’s pre-school institutions will help the implementation automated records of attendance, provide information on the student’s location (including video) upon the parents’ request, and automate the process of organisation of the food board in schools and nurseries.

Another direction of the nooscope’s development is the development of fast prototyping systems for industrial products and industrial complex management systems. Thanks to the high performance industrial computers, the creation of an entire class of perspective industrial specimens becomes possible, with the opportunity of their production and introduction, for example, in the Moscow region, which will create a few thousand workspaces for young specialists.

The nooscope environment also involves the functionality of the “Social insurance, trade and finance network”20 that contains trade systems, a social global information system, a banking information subsystem, an electronic payment subsystem, an electronic logistics subsystem, as well as an electronic trading platform, and a complex system of road traffic safety (Fig. 11) that allows to create a space of trust to promote new banking products, and increase service security and quality for the population.

Fig. 11. Social financial trade network

The nooscope’s subsystem for consumption accounting, based on the scattered sensor networks, allows to run remote records of heat, electric energy, water and gas. At the same time, the system can be unravelled at the existing housing and communal administrations. The system requires minimum construction of communication lines and provides the opportunity to completely automate the record processes. Unlike its analogies, the system is protected from the malfunction of separate sensors. Experiments have shown that up to 40% of sensors in the system can malfunction without affecting the readings’ precision.

Following developments in this field have to do with the creation of the “User authentication system in contactless service systems”21, “Contactless discount system” (Fig. 12), the system of transmitting emotions to the Internet environment22 (Fig. 13) etc.

Fig. 12. Nooscope. Global hypernet. Contactless discount system.

Fig.13. System for the transmission of emotion messages to the Internet via radio frequency identifiers.

The reading machine of the emotion transmission system via Nooscope’s contactless cards (Fig. 13) registers the identification codes of the carried identifiers and transmits the data (which consists of the identifier’s identification codes, the time of the identification code’s appearance in the reading machine’s active zone, the number of records, and the duration of the identifier’s location in the reading machine’s active zone) to the analyser.

Based on the data provided by the reading device, the event analyser analyses the received message and, depending on the structure of the message received from the reading device, generates the event identifier. Together with carried identifier’s identification code, the event identifier formulates a request to the database of individual message templates. The database of individual message templates is formulated by the system users by means of the user interface that offers the opportunity to configure individual messages depending on the message generated by the event analyser. The event analyser works in the following manners (it is only an example — in reality the application may consider different factors). If the carried identifier is in the reading machine’s area for 0.5 seconds, then event 1 is generated. If the carried identifier is in the reading machine’s area for 1 second, event 2 is generated. If the carried identifier is in the reading machine’s field for 1 second, and its appearance is recorded once more in 1 second, then event 3 is generated. The template database will record, for example, the following data: Event 1 — I like it, Event 2 — I don’t like it!, Event 3 — I’ll return here!

The emotion transmission system allows to broadcast the excitement of sports victories, the bitterness of life situations, trust towards socio-economic reforms and so on to the social networks and information-communication Internet services.

In conclusion, this work presents a complete scientific concept of increasing Russian Federation’s capitalisation based on the innovative technologies of NBIC-convergence. The foundation of this concept lies in the scientific hypothesis that the market is managed by aprotocol, which dictates the optimal correlations in the single whole entity — space-time-life — and establishes the game rules and market laws. In compliance with this hypothesis, market management, lies in the decoding of the market code — aholographic bundle of information on the mechanisms of time’s transition into space and space into time. At the same time, the projections of such a transition are realised in the market capitalisation and the products and services that server as a condensation of knowledge and innovation, whose carrier is life.

Proactive management offered by the author consists of the creation of an “air bag” not at the cost of accumulating the past (i.e. the past periods’ capital) but the capitalisation of future and strictly in the amounts required to prevent the oncoming crises. From the financial point of view, capitalisation is the transformation of income into a money capital. At the same time, the key link in capitalisation is the protocol that has the highest multiplicative effect, while its informational and technological basis is the nooscope, described in over 50 patents. The nooscope is a device that consists of a network of spatial scanners meant for the receipt and record of changes in the biosphere and human activity with the help of transactions — ‘film shots’ of events — images of space-time-life intersections. The nooscope’s sensory network, starting with new generation bank cards and finishing with ‘smart dust’, undoubtedly identifies events in space and time.

By reading the market code transactions, the nooscope records the dynamics of the market development and its smallest changes, which allow for them to be considered and put on accounting balances, and hence capitalise the future.

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