MADRID  Officials across Europe scrambled on Friday to speed measures aimed at easing the fears of investors even as borrowing costs flirted with new highs in the euro zone’s frailer countries.

In Portugal, lawmakers approved a tough 2011 budget to help the country meet a pledge to cut the deficit to 4.6 percent of gross domestic product next year, from 9.3 percent in 2009.

In Spain, the central bank demanded greater disclosure from banks. And it announced plans for new stress tests to show investors that financial institutions, particularly weaker savings banks, could absorb a “problematic exposure” of 180 billion euros ($238 billion) to the country’s collapsed construction and real estate sectors.

Meanwhile, a team of European Union and International Monetary Fund specialists in Ireland was racing to complete terms of its financing package before markets reopened on Monday.