Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said he still hopes agreements can be struck to end mail disruptions across the country after his government introduced back-to-work legislation that could force striking Canada Post employees to put down their picket signs.

But while he conceded legislating an end to a labour dispute is never the best option, Mr. Trudeau said his government must act to protect small businesses and the livelihoods of Canadians affected by a month of rotating strikes.

“While we are continuing to hold out hope that there’s going to be a settlement or an agreement at the bargaining table, we also have to do what’s responsible and prepare for the possible need for legislation,” Mr. Trudeau said Thursday at an event in Calgary.

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Labour Minister Patty Hajdu tabled a back-to-work bill in the House of Commons but stressed the government would hold off debating the bill to give a special mediator time to settle the labour dispute.

Critics complained the move undermined the collective-bargaining process just one day after mediator Morton Mitchnick resumed efforts to break the impasse between the Crown corporation and its 50,000 employees.

The Canadian Civil Liberties Association called the legislation “a serious threat to workers’ constitutional rights.”

The Liberal government did not come to the decision lightly, Ms. Hajdu told the Commons after tabling the bill, along with a concurrent motion to fast-track the legislation if necessary. “We wouldn’t come down this road, [but] we have exhausted every option,” she said.

A vote on the motion to speed the legislation through the Commons could come as early as Friday.

Members of the Canadian Union of Postal Workers have been holding rotating walkouts since Oct. 22 to back their contract demands, causing massive backlogs of unsorted mail and packages at postal depots.

Isolated strikes saw postal workers hit picket lines Thursday in Pickering, Dryden, Elliot Lake and Blind River, Ont. Walkouts also continued in Acton, Georgetown, Tillsonburg, Ajax and Bolton in Ontario, as well as in Calgary and Kamloops, B.C.

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CUPW has warned of a legal battle if the federal government passes the back-to-work legislation, calling such a move unconstitutional and noting that a judge ruled as illegal a similar bill introduced in 2011 by the previous Conservative government.

“We went to court and won this fight after the 2011 legislation,” the union said in a statement on its website. “We will fight once again, should that right be taken away.”

But Ms. Hajdu said the Liberal government’s legislation is “very different” from what was passed under the Harper government.

Mr. Mitchnick, a lawyer and former chair of the Ontario Labour Relations Board, was reappointed earlier this week to bring an outside voice back to the bargaining table. He had previously tried, but failed, to bring both sides in the dispute to a resolution of their differences.

Introducing back-to-work legislation while mediation is under way all but guarantees that Canada Post will not bargain in good faith, New Democrat MP Daniel Blaikie said.

“That undermines the possibility of a fair deal coming out at the bargaining table because the company knows that the workers are going to be legislated back to work,” he said.

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Ms. Hajdu dismissed that notion, saying she believed negotiated agreements are still possible. “We are not debating this legislation today because we still believe that Canada Post and CUPW can get a deal.”

Canada Post said it would remain at the bargaining table in hopes of finding common ground with the union.

Thousands of workers have stopped processing and delivering mail for a day at a time in communities across the country for the past five weeks.

Canada Post has said it could take several weeks – even stretching into 2019 – to clear the backlog that has built up, especially at major sorting centres in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.

Ms. Hajdu said the dispute cannot be left to drag on because jobs and Canada’s economic well-being are at stake.

“This ongoing work stoppage has had significant negative impacts on Canadians, businesses, international commerce, Canada Post, its workers and their families,” she said. “With Canadians and Canadian businesses feeling serious impacts, our government is prepared to legislate a path forward to keep goods moving.”

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Business groups, particularly those representing smaller enterprises, have asked, more and more urgently, for the government to intervene before the Christmas shopping season gets any more intense.

Online marketplace eBay, which welcomed the legislation, said on Thursday it has seen its smaller sellers squeezed out in favour of larger ones that are more able to afford alternative, often more expensive, shipping services while the postal dispute drags on.

“The disproportionate negative impact on Canadian small business is why eBay Canada has been leading efforts to encourage the government to intervene and restore Canada Post service,” eBay Canada general manager Andrea Stairs said in a statement.