“The Japan-South Korea agreement is an agreement between the two governments and one that has been highly appreciated by international society,” Mr. Kono said on Wednesday. Both countries are crucial allies of the United States.

Ms. Park, whose government engineered the 2015 deal, was impeached by the South Korean Parliament in December 2016 on charges of corruption and abuses of presidential power. She was formally deposed through a Constitutional Court ruling in March.

Her government’s agreement on women forced into sexual slavery, euphemistically known as comfort women, has proved deeply unpopular at home. Some survivors have vehemently opposed it, as did a majority of South Koreans, according to recent surveys. During the presidential election campaign, Mr. Moon and the other candidates all said they would review the agreement if elected.

The legacy of sexual slavery remains one of the most intractable disputes resulting from Japan’s colonization of Korea from 1910 to its World War II defeat in 1945.

Historians say that at least tens of thousands of women, many of them Korean, were lured or coerced to work in brothels catering to the Japanese Army from the early 1930s until 1945. The Korean women who survived the war lived mostly in silence because of the stigma, and many never married. A total of 238 women have come forward in South Korea since the early 1990s, of whom 36 are still alive.

“A victims-centered approach, which has become the international norm when it comes to the wartime women’s rights, has not been sufficiently reflected, and the deal was reached through give-and-take negotiations as in an ordinary diplomatic issue,” the South Korean panel said in its report released on Wednesday. “The agreement was finalized mostly based on government views without adequately taking into account the opinions of victims.”

Since taking office in May, Mr. Moon has said that most South Koreans could not emotionally accept the 2015 deal, but he has stopped short of saying he wanted to scrap it. Instead, his government appointed a panel of private and governmental experts in July to review the diplomatic negotiations that led to the agreement.