Turkey has recalled its ambassador to Germany after the country's parliament approved a motion to recognise the mass killings of Armenians between 1915 and 1917 as a "genocide".

Both the Armenian government and many historians have said that around 1.5m Armenians were forced to march through the Syrian desert by the ruling Ottoman Turks as their empire disintergrated at the end of the First World War.

Ankara has insisted that this is an exaggeration and that 300,000 people on both sides of conflict were killed in fighting during the civil war.

Armenia genocide explained

Modern Turkey was proclaimed in 1920 by Kemal Atatürk and its former territories were either put under the control of the Allied powers or granted independence following the end of the war.

Germany has joined more than 20 nations, including France and Russia, in recognising the massacre as a genocide.

International figures such as Pope Francis and the European Union have also publicly recognised it.

The move comes at a delicate time when the EU is relying on Turkey to readmit refugees who are fleeing conflict in Iraq and Syria.

Under a deal approved early this year, Turkey and EU member states who swap refugees already in the camps for those who had attempt the Mediterrenean crossing in a "one-for-one" exchange.

A mural commemorating the Armenian genocide in Los Angeles, California, pictured in 2016 (Getty Images) (Getty)

The terms of the agreement also mean Turkey will receive aid and visa-free travel for its citizens if certain pre-conditions are met.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel was accused of pandering to Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, after she allowed a German comedian to be prosecuted for writing an obscene poem about him, under an arcane law which forbids insulting foreign heads of state.

Ms Merkel was not in the Bundestag for the vote but her Christian Democrat party (CDU) overwhelmingly backed the resolution, the BBC reports.

MPs came under pressure from Turkish authorities in the run-up to the vote with some receiving threatening and abusive emails, German media reports.

Mr Erdogan is said to have personally phoned Ms Merkel to warn her that ties between the two countries would suffer as a result of the vote going through.

The headline and text of the bill explicitly refers to the "genocide" of the Armenian people, but also takes the step of accepting partial blame as Germany was an ally of the Ottomans at the time and did nothing to stop the killings.

Armenians mark 101 years since genocide Show all 10 1 /10 Armenians mark 101 years since genocide Armenians mark 101 years since genocide Armenian people carry torches during a march to commemorate the mass killings of Armenians Getty Armenians mark 101 years since genocide Armenian people take part in a march in commemoration of the 101th anniversary of the mass killings of Armenians by Ottoman forces in 1915 Getty Armenians mark 101 years since genocide People hold a flag during the laying of the flowers at the Genocide Memorial in Yerevan Getty Armenians mark 101 years since genocide President Serzh Sargsyan and actor George Clooney attend the laying of the flowers at the Genocide Memorial in Yerevan Getty Armenians mark 101 years since genocide Armenian clergymen, US actor George Clooney, center, Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan, second right front, and guests attend a ceremony at a memorial to Armenians killed by the Ottoman Turks, in Yerevan AP Armenians mark 101 years since genocide Armenian President Serzh Sarkisian (C,R) and US actor George Clooney (C) attend a ceremony at the Genocide Memorial in Yerevan Getty Armenians mark 101 years since genocide A general view of attendees and mount Ararat during the laying of the flowers at the Genocide Memorial in Yerevan Getty Armenians mark 101 years since genocide Lebanese of Armenian descent burn an effigy of Turkish president Erdogan during a protest in front the house of Turkish Ambassador to mark the 101st anniversary of the mass killing of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in 1915, near Beirut, Lebanon EPA Armenians mark 101 years since genocide Activists hold portraits of victims during a silent demonstration to commemorate the mass killings of Armenians by Ottoman Turks in Istanbul Reuters Armenians mark 101 years since genocide Activists hold portraits of victims during a silent demonstration to commemorate the mass killings of Armenians by Ottoman Turks in Istanbul Reuters

A joint statement by members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly and leading Turkish political parties, including the ruling AFK party, released to The Independent, said: "We strongly condemn and reject this bill falsifying historical facts about 1915 events and not complying with the law.

"It is utterly unacceptable that the events, which took place under the special conditions of World War One 101 years ago and caused heartbreaking suffering for both Turks and Armenians, be introduced as “genocide” based on biased, distorted and various subjective political motives.