On Tuesday, 120 of the group’s international board of governors plan to descend on Parliament, meeting with dozens of Israeli legislators, including some members of the ultra-Orthodox parties, in what Natan Sharansky, the former Soviet dissident who leads the Jewish Agency, called “our biggest lobbying effort ever.”

“The problem is not just that the prime minister gave in to political pressure,” he said in an interview. “The ministers feel that they don’t have to pay a political price, and that’s because there’s not that much awareness” of the needs of non-Orthodox Jews. “So we’re doing a lot of other work to make Israeli society know this problem better.”

The lobbying day is to be followed by an advertising and media campaign, educational efforts in Israeli schools and trips for Israeli lawmakers and leaders to the United States “to give them a real-life glimpse of what and who we are,” said Rabbi Jacobs of the Reform movement. “The assumptions and mistaken understandings of what world Jewry are about are legion.”

The fight over equitable access to the Western Wall, the holiest place where Jews can pray, is in a sense a fight over real estate. Popular images of Jewish men worshiping at the wall in prayer shawls and phylacteries show only a small stretch of the ancient retaining wall for the Temple Mount. A large section of that plaza is reserved for men, a smaller one for women.

Some distance to the south is Robinson’s Arch, an area of the wall designated in 2003 to host egalitarian prayer services. Yet the limitations of that setting — on a temporary platform, down a lengthy staircase from the main plaza, surrounded by fences and other obstructions, and accessible through an isolated gate — have upset Reform and Conservative Jewish leaders.

Their complaints appeared to be satisfied in January 2016, when after years of negotiations Mr. Netanyahu’s government approved a compromise that would create an improved egalitarian prayer space, along with a joint entrance to all the Western Wall prayer areas. Reform and Conservative Jews were to be given a stake in a committee overseeing the complex’s management. All told, the agreement would give non-Orthodox worshipers, at least to a degree, the feeling of equal status.