Bibliography on the nature and development of classical liberalism. Share This:





Abu-Lugod, Janet L., Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350 (Oxford University Press, 1992).

Allen, Douglas, The Institutional Revolution (University of Chicago Press, 2012).

Anderson, Perry, Lineages of the Absolutist State ([1974], Verso, 1996).

Appleby, Joyce, Liberalism and Republicanism in the Historical Imagination (Harvard University Press, 1992).

Appleby, Joyce, Capitalism and a New Social Order: The Republican Vision of the 1790s ([1984], New York University Press, 1984).

Ashcraft, Richard, Revolutionary Politics & Locke's Two Treatises of Government (Princeton University Press, 1986).

Axelrod, Robert, The Evolution of Cooperation ([1984] Basic Books, 2006).

Arieli, Yehoshua, Individualism and Nationalism in American Ideology (Harvard University Press, 1964).

Atack, Jeremy and Larry Neal, The Origins and Developments of Financial Markets and Institutions: From the Seventeenth Century to the Present (2009).

Bailyn, Bernard, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution ([1967], Harvard University Press, 1992).

Barbour, Violet, Capitalism in Amsterdam in the 17th Century (University of Michigan, 1966).

Barden, Garrett and Tim Murphy, Law and Justice in Community (Oxford University Press, 2010).

Barry, John M., Roger Williams and the Creation of the American Soul: Church State and the Birth of Liberty(Viking, 2012).

Bastiat, Frederic, The Man and the Statesman: The Correspondence and Articles on Politics [The Collected Works of Frederic Bastiat], (Liberty Fund, 2011).

Bayle, Pierre, A Philosophical Commentary on the Words of the Gospel, Luke 14:23 (Liberty Fund, 2005).

Bayle, Pierre, Political Writings (Cambridge University Press, 2000).

Beard, Charles An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States ([1913], Lawbook Exchange, 2011).

Beito, David T., From Mutual Aid to the Welfare State: Fraternal Societies and Social Services, 1890-1967 (University of North Carolina Press, 2000)

Benda, Julien, The Treason of the Intellectuals ([1928], Norton Library, 1969).

Benson, Bruce, The Enterprise of Law: Justice Without the State ([1990], Independent Institute, 2011).

Black, Antony, Guilds and Civil Society: In European Political Thought From the Twelfth Century to the Present (Cornell University Press, 1984).

Black, Antony, Council and Commune: The Conciliar Movement and the Council of Basel (Burns and Oates, 1979).

Blanning, Tim, The Romantic Revolution (Modern Library, 2010).

Blumenthal, Uta-Renate, The Investiture Controversy: Church and Monarchy from the Ninth to the Twelfth Century University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988).

Berman, Harold, Law and Revolution: Formation of the Western Legal Tradition, (Harvard University Press, 1983.

Bonney, Richard (ed.), Economic Systems and State Finance ([1995], Oxford University Press, 2002).

Bonney, Richard (ed.), The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe, c. 1200-1815 ([1999], Oxford University Press, 2004).

Bordo, Michael D. and Forrest Capie (Eds.), Monetary Regimes in Transition (Cambridge University Press, 1993).

Bordo, Michael D and Roberto Cortés-Conde, Transferring Wealth and Power from the Old to the New World: Monetary and Fiscal Institutions in the 17th through the 19th Centuries (Cambridge University Press, 2001).

Bourne, Randolph, The History of a Literary Radical & Other Papers ([1956], Cornell University Library, 2009).

Brady, Robert A. Business as a System of Power[1943], Nabu Press, 2010).

Bresciani-Turroni, Constantino, The Economics of Inflation: A Study of Currency Depreciation in Post-War Germany, 1914-1923 ([1931], Hesperides Press, 2006.

Brewer, John, The Sinews of Power: War, Money and the English State, 1688-1783 (Alfred A. Knopf, 1989).

Buchanan, James M., ‘La scienza delle finanze’: The Italian Tradition in Fiscal Theory,” in Fiscal Theory & Political Economy: Selected Essays (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1960).

Buckle, Stephen, Natural Law and the Theory of Property (Oxford University Press, 1993).

Cardoso, José Luís and Pedro Lains (Eds.), Paying for the Liberal State: The Rise of Public Finance in Nineteenth-Century Europe (Cambridge University Press, 2010).

Carson, Clayborne, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black awakening of the 1960s (Harvard University Press, ([1981], Harvard University Press, 1995).

Carruthers, Bruce G., City of Capital: Politics and Markets in the English Financial Revolution (Princeton University Press, 1996).

Chartier, Gary and Charles W. Johnson, Markets Not Capitalism (Autonomedia, 2011).

Cavanaugh, William T., The Myth of Religious Violence (Oxford University Press, 2009).

Christakis, Nicholas A. and James H. Fowler, Connected: How Your Friends' Friends' Affect Everything You Feel, Think and Do (Back Bay Press, 2009).

Cobban, Alan B., The Medieval Universities: Their Development and Organization (Methuen & Co., 1975).

Cohn, Samuel K. Jr., Lust for Liberty: The Politics of Social Revolt in Medieval Europe, 1200-1425(Harvard University Press, 2006).

Colbourne, Trevor, The Lamp of Experience: Whig History and the Intellectual Origins of the American Revolution ([1965]), Liberty Fund, 1998).

Collins, James B., Fiscal Limits of Absolutism: Direct Taxation in Early Seventeenth-Century France (University of California Press, 1988).

Constant, Benjamin, Ed. Biancamaria Fontana, Constant: Political Writings (Cambridge University Press, 1988).

Coser, Rose Laub, In Defense of Modernity; Role Complexity and Individual Autonomy (Stanford University Press, 1991).

Cowdrey, H. E., The Cluniacs and the Gregorian Reform (Oxford University Press, 1970).

De Cleyre, Voltairine, The Voltairine de Cleyre Reader (AK Press, 2004).

Creveld, Martin Van, The Rise and Decline of the State (Cambridge University Press, 1999).

Dawson, Christopher, The Making of Europe: An Introduction to the History of European Unity ([1932], Catholic University Press of America, 2002).

De la Boétie, Étienne, The Politics of Obedience: The Discourse of Voluntary Servitude ([1553], Black Rose Press, 1997).

De Roover, Raymond, The Rise and Decline of the Medici Bank, 1397-1494 ([1963], Beard Books, 1999).

De Roover, Raymond, Money, Banking and Credit in Medieval Bruges: Italian Merchant Bankers, Lombards and Money Changers: A Study in the Origins of Banking: The Emergence of International Business, 1200-1800 ([1948], Routledge, 2000).

De Vries, Jan, The Industrious Revolution: Consumer Behavior and the Household Economy, 1650 to the Present (Cambridge University Press, 2008).

Dickinson, H.T., Liberty and Property: Political Ideology in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Holmes & Meier, 1979).

Dickson, P.G.M., The Financial Revolution in England: A Study in the Development of Public Credit, 1688-1756 (Macmillan, 1967).

Constitution and the Making of the American State (Oxford University Press, 2003).

Dollinger, Philippe, The German Hansa, ([1964], Macmillan, 1970).

Dyer, Christopher, An Age of Transition?--Economy and Society in England in the Later Middle Ages Oxford University Press, 2005).

Domhoff, G. William, The Higher Circles: The Governing Class in America (Random House, 1970).

Edling, Max M., A Revolution in Favor of Government: Origins of the U.S.

Ellickson, Robert C., Order Without Law: How Neighbors Settle Disputes (Harvard University Press, 1994).

Ekirch, Arthur A., The Decline of American Liberalism ([1955] Independent Institute, 2009).

Ertman, Thomas, Birth of Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe(Cambridge University Press, 1997).

Evans, Peter and Dietrich Reuschemeyer and Theda Skocpol, Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge University Press, 1985).

Ferguson, Niall, The Cash Nexus: Money and Power in the Modern World, 1700-2000 (Basic Books, 2001).

Flynn, John T, As We Go Marching ([1944], Doubleday, Doran & Co., Online at various sites).

Franklin, John Hope (Ed.), Constitutionalism and Resistance in the Sixteen Century: Three Treatises by Hotman, Beza, and Mornay (Pegasus Press, 1969).

Fuller, Lon L., The Morality of Law ([1964], Yale University Press, 1977).

Fuller, Lon L., The Principles of Social Order ([1981], Hart Publishing, 2002).

Gies, Joseph and Frances, Life in a Medieval City, (Harper Perennial, 1981.

Gilbert, James, Designing the Industrial State(Quadrangle Books, 1972).

Gittings, John, The Glorious Art of Peace: From the Iliad to Iraq (Oxford University Press, [April 15] 2012).

Godwin, William, Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and Its Influence on Modern Morals and Happiness ([1793], Dodo Press, 2009).

Goetzmann, William and K. Geert Rouwenhorst (Eds.), The Origins of Value: The Financial Innovations the Created Modern Capital Markets (Oxford University Press, 2005)

Goldsmith, Maurice, Private Vices, Public Benefits: Bernard Mandeville's Social and Political Thought (Cambridge University Press, 1985).

Goodman, Paul, The Community of Scholars (Random House, (1962).

Greif, Avner, Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy: Lessons from Medieval Trade (Cambridge University Press, 2006).

Grice-Hutchinson, Marjorie, The School of Salamanca ([1952], Mises Institute, 2009).

Guenée, Bernard, States and Rulers in Later Medieval Europe (Basil Blackwell, 1985).

Hall, John, Powers and Liberties: The Causes and Consequences of the Rise of the West (Penguin Books, 1985).

Halevy, Élie, The Era of Tyrannies (New York University Press, 1966).

Halevy, Élie, The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism ([1904], Farber and Farber, 1972).

Halliday, Paul D. Habeas Corpus: From England to Empire (Harvard University Press, 2010).

Hanke, Lewis, All Mankind is One: A Study of the Disputation Between Bartolomé de Las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúveda...... ([1974],Northern Illinois university Press, 1994).

Hart, David M., Class Analysis, Slavery and the Industrialist Theory of History in French Liberal Thought, 1814-1830: The Radical Liberalism of Charles Comte and Charles Dunoyer (unpublished PhD, King's College Cambridge, 1994). Available online at

Hartwell, Ronald Max, The Causes of the Industrial Revolution in England (Methuen & Co., 1967).

Hartwell, Ronald Max, The Industrial Revolution and Economic Growth (Methuen & Co., 1971).

Hayek, F. A., Capitalism and the Historians ([1954], Routledge, 2010).

Hayek, F.A., The Counter-Revolution of Science ([1955], Liberty Fund, 1980).

Hayek, F.A., Individualism and Economic Order ([1948], University of Chicago Press, 1996).

Hayek, F.A., Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics ([1967], Touchstone Press, 1969).

Hazlitt, William, The Spirit of the Age ([1825] Nabu Press, 2010).

Head, Thomas and Richard Landes Eds., The Peace of God: Social Violence and Religious Response in France around the Year 1000 (Cornell University Press, 1992).

Higgs, Robert, Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government (Oxford University Press, 1987).

Hintze Otto, The Historical Essays of Otto Hintze ([1975], Oxford University Press, 1989).

Hobson, John A., Imperialism ([1902] University of Michigan Press, 1965).

Hobson, J.A., Richard Cobden: The International Man ([1919], Cornell University Press, 2009).

Hoffman, Philip T. and Kathryn Norberg (Eds.), Fiscal Crises, and Liberty, and Representative Government, 1450-1789 (Stanford University Press, 1994).

Hogdgskin, Thomas, The Natural and Artificial Right of Property Contrasted ([1832], Online at Online Library of Liberty).

Horwitz, Morton J., The Transformation of American Law, 1780-1860 (Harvard University Press, 1979).

Horwitz, Morton H., The Transformation of American Law, 1870-1960 (Oxford University Press, 1992).

Humboldt, Wilhem von, The Limits of State Action ([1850], Liberty Fund, 1993).

Irwin, Douglas A., Against the Tide: An Intellectual History of Free Trade (Princeton University Press, 1997).

Jacobs, Jane, The Death and Life of Great American Cities ([1961], Modern Library, 1993).

Jacobs, Jane, The Economy of Cities (Vintage, 1970).

Jacobs, JaneMSystems of Survival: A Dialogue on the Moral Foundations of Commerce and Politics (Vintage, 1994).

Jacobson, David L., The English Libertarian Heritage ([1965], Fox and Wilkes, 1994.

Jászi, Oscar and John D. Lewis, Against the Tyrant: The Tradition and Theory of Tyrannicide (Free Press, 1957).

Jones, Eric L., The European Miracle: Environments, Economies and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia ([1991], Cambridge University Press, 2003).

Karp, Walter, The Politics of War ([1979], Harper and Row, 2010).

Kautsky, John H., The Politics of Aristocratic Empires ([1982], Transaction Publishers, 1997).

Kelley, Robert, The Transatlantic Persuasion: The Liberal-Democratic Mind in the Age of Gladstone ([1969], Transaction Books, 1990).

Kennedy, Paul, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 (Random House, 1989).

Ketcham, Ralph Louis, The Anti-Federalist Papers and the Constitutional Convention Debates (Signet Classics, 2003).

Klein, Daniel B., Knowledge and Coordination: A Liberal Interpretation (Oxford University Press, 2012).

Kolko, Gabriel, The Triumph of Conservatism ([1963], Free Press, 1977).

Kolko, Gabriel, The Roots of American Foreign Policy (Beacon Press, 1969).

Kraditor, Aileen S., Means and Ends in American Abolitionism: Garrison and His Critics on Strategy and Tactics, 1834-1850 ([1967], Ivan R. Dee Publishers, 1989).

Kropotkin, Petr, Mutual Aid ([1902],(Forgotten Books, 2010).

Kukathas, Chandran, The Liberal Archipelago: A Theory of Diversity and Freedom (Oxford University Press, 2003).

Lane, Frederic C., Profits from Power: Readings in Protection Rent and Violence-Controlling Enterprises (State University of New York Press, 1979).

Leoni, Bruno, Freedom and the Law (Liberty Fund, 1991).

Levi, Margaret, Of Rule and Revenue (University of California Press, 1989).

Lloyd, T.H., England and the German Hansa: 1157-1611 (Cambridge University Press, 1991).

Lopez, Robert Sabatini, The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages, 950-1350 ([1971] Cambridge University Press, 1995).

Lopez, Robert Sabatini and Irving W. Raymond, Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World: Illustrative Documents Translated with Introductions and Notes (Columbia University Press, ([1955], Columbia University Press, 1990).

Lopez, Robert Sabatini (Ed.), The Dawn of Modern Banking Yale University Press, 1979).

Ma, Debin and Jan van Zandan (Eds.), Law and Long-Term Economic Change: A Eurasian Perspective (Stanford University Press, 2011).

Macfarlane, Alan, The Origins of English Individualism ([1978], Basil Blackwell, 1991).

Maier, Pauline, From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 1765-1776. (W.W. Norton, 1992).

Main, Jackson Turner, The Anti-Federalists: Critics of the Constitution ([1961], University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

Maitland, Frederic William, Township and Borough ([1898], Nabu Press, 2010).

Mandeville, Bernard, The Fable of the Bees: Private Vices, Public Benefits ([1724], Liberty Fund, 1988).

Manzoni, Alessandro, The Betrothed ([1827], Penguin Classics, 1984).

Martinez, Jenny S., The Slave Trade and the Origins of International Human Rights Law (Oxford University Press, 2011).

Marx, Karl, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte ([1852], Wildside Press, 2008).

Mayer, Arno J., The Persistence of the Old Regime: Europe to the Great War (Pantheon Press, 1981).

Mayer, Henry, All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery ([1998], W.W. Norton, 2008).

McElroy, Wendy, Liberty for Women (Ivan R. Dee, Chicago, 2002).

McKendrick, Neil and John Brewer and J.H. Plumb, > Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century Englanddiana university Press, 1982).

Menger, Carl, Principles of Economics ([1871), Terra Libertas [Classic Reprint series], 2011).

Menger, Carl, "On the Origin of Money," in Economic Journal, Vol. 2, 1892. Can be found online at

Metaxas, Eric, Amazing Grace: William Wilberforce and the Heroic Campaign to End Slavery (Harper One, 2007).

Michels, Robert, Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy ([1962], General Books, LLC, 2012).

Mises, Ludwig von, A Critique of Interventionism: Inquiries into the Economic Policy and the Economic Ideology of the Present ([1929], Arlington House, 1977).

Mises, Ludwig von, "Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth, [1920]" in Alec Nove and D.M. Nuti (Eds.), Socialist Economics (Penguin Books, 1972).

Mises, Ludwig von, Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis ([1922] Liberty Fund, 1981).

Mises, Ludwig von, Nation, State, and Economy: Contributions to the Politic and History of Our Time ([1919], New York University Press, 1983).

Mitterauer, Michael, Why Europe? : The Medieval Origins of its Special Path (University of Chicago Press, 2010).

Mokyr, Joel, The Enlightened Economy: An Economic History of Britain, 1700-1850 Yale University Press, 2009).

Mokyr, Joel, The Lever of Riches: Technological Creativity and Economic Progress (Oxford University Press, 1992).

Moore, Barrington, Jr., Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World ([1966], Beacon Press, 1993).

Moore, Ellen Wedemeyer, The Fairs of Medieval England: An Introductory Study (Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1985).

Musgrave, Richard A. and Alan T Peacock, Classics in the Theory of Public Finance ([1958], St. Martin's Press, 1994).

Neal, Larry, The Rise of Finance Capitalism: International Capital Markets in the Age of Reason (Cambridge University Press, 1993).

Nock, Albert Jay, Our Enemy the State ([1935]), Hallberg Publications, 2001).

North, Douglass C., Structure and Change in Economic History (W. W. Norton, 1982).

Ogilvie, Sheilagh, Institutions and European Trade: Merchant Guilds, 1000-1800 (Cambridge University Press, 2011).

Ogilvie, Sheilagh, State Corporatism and Proto-Industry: The Württemberg Black Forest. 1580-1797 (Cambridge University Press, 1997).

Oppenheimer, Franz, The State ([1922], BiblioBazaar, 2009)

Orme, Nicholas, Medieval Schools: From Roman Britain to Renaissance England (Yale University Press, 2006).

Ostrom, Elinor, Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action ([1990], Cambridge University Press, 2008).

Pagden, Anthony and Jeremy Lawrence (Eds.), Vitoria: Political Writings ([1991], Cambridge University Press, 2003).

Paine, Thomas, Paine: Collected Writings (Library of America, 1995).

Pareto, Vilfredo, The Rise and Fall of Elites ([1901], Bedminster Press, 1968).

Phillipson, Nicholas, Adam Smith: An Enlightened Life (Allan Lane, 2010).

Pincus, Steve, 1688: The First Modern Revolution (Yale University Press, 2009).

Pirenne, Henri, Economic and Social History of Medieval Europe ([1933, General Books, LLC, 2009).

Pirenne, Henri, Medieval Cities ([1925], Princeton University Press, 1969).

Pitts, Jennifer, A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France (Princeton University Press, 2005).

Piven, Frances Fox and Richard L. Cloward, Regulating the Poor: The Functions of Public Welfare (Vintage Press, 1993).

Pollack, Sheldon D., War, Revenue, and State Building: Financing the Development of the American State (Cornell University Press, 2009).

Pollock, Frederic and Frederic William Maitland, The History of English Law: In Two Volumes ([1895], Liberty Fund, 2010).

Porter, Bruce, War and the Rise of the State: The Military Foundations of Modern Politics (Free Press, 2002).

Prest, John, Politics in the Age of Cobden (Macmillan, 1977).

Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, What is Property: An Inquiry Into the Principle of Right and of Government ([1840], Nabu Press, 2010).

Reynolds, Henry, The Law of the Land [Challenges the Legal and Moral Assumptions Underlying the European Occupation of Australia], (Penguin Books, 1987)

Roberts, Adam and Timothy Garton Ash, Civil Resistance & Power Politics: The Experience of Non-Violent Action from Gandhi to the Present (Oxford University Press, 2009).

Rocker, Rudolf, Nationalism and Culture ([1937], Black Rose Books, 1997).

Rodgers, Daniel T., Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age (Harvard University Press, 1998).

Rosenberg, Nathan and L.E. Birdzell, Jr. How the West Grew Rich: The Economic Transformation of the Industrial World (Basic Books, 1986).

Rothbard, Murray N., Left and Right: The Prospects for Liberty ([1965], Cato Institute, 1979).

Rüstow, Alexander, Freedom and Domination: A Historical Critique of Civilization (Princeton University Press, 1980).

Rybczynski, Witold, City Life (Simon & Schuster, 1995).

Sally, Razeen, Classical Liberalism and International Economic Order: Studies in Theory and Intellectual History ([1998], Routledge, 2001).

Schmidtz, David and Jason Brennan, A Brief History of Liberty (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010).

Scott, James C., Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (Yale University Press, 1998).

Scott, James C., The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia (Yale University Press, 2009).

Semmel, Bernard, Imperialism and Social Reform ([1960], Harvard University, 1968).

Semmel, Bernard, The Rise of Free Trade Imperialism: Classical Political Economy and Imperialism, 1750-1850 ([1970], Cambridge University Press, 2004).

Sharp, Gene, The Politics of Nonviolent Action: Part One, Power and Struggle (Porter Sargent Publisher, 1973).

Sharp, Gene, The Politics of Nonviolent Action: Part Two, The Methods of Nonviolent Action (Porter Sargent Publishers, 1973).

Sharp, Gene, The Politics of Nonviolent Action: Part Three, The Dynamics of Nonviolent Action (Porter Sargent, 1985).

Shell, G. Richard, Make the Rules or Your Rivals Will (Crown Publishing, 2004).

Shelley, Percey Bysshe, Shelley: Political Writings (Meredith Co., 1970) (See especially his 'A Philosophical View of Reform,' [1819]). The Shelley is best read along with the following: Cobbett, William, Paper Against Gold ([1817], Wm Cobbett, Jr. (Online at Open ibrary).

Simon, Julian L., The Ultimate Resource (Princeton University Press, 1983).

Simon, Julian L., The Ultimate Resource 2 Princeton University Press, 1998).

Simon, Julian L., The Economic Consequences of Immigration ([1989] University of Michigan Press, 1999).

Skocpol, Theda, States & Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China (Cambridge University Press, 1979).

Smith, Adam, The Theory of Moral Sentiments([1759], Liberty Fund, 2009).

Smith, Adam, The Wealth of Nations ([1776], Liberty Fund, 1982).

Smith, George, Lysander Spooner Reader (Fox and Wilkes, 1992).

Smith, Vera C., The Rationale of Central Banking and the Free Banking Alternative ({1936], Liberty Fund, 1990).

Spruyt, Hendrik, The Sovereign State and Its Competitors (Princeton University Press, 1994).

Sonenscher, Michael, Before the Deluge: Public Debt, Inequality, and the Intellectual Origins of the French Revolution (Princeton University Press, 2007).

Steil, Benn and Manuel Hinds, Money, Markets and Sovereignty (Yale University Press, 2009).

Stendhal, The Red and the Black ([1830], (Penguin Classics, 2002).

Storing, Herbert J., What the Anti-Federalists Were For: The Political Thought of the Opponents of the Constitution (University of Chicago Press, 1981).

Stringham, Edward P., Ed., Anarchy and the Law: The Political Economy of Choice (Transaction Publishers, 2007).

Supple, Barry, The Royal Exchange Assurance: A History of British Insurance, 1720-1970 (Cambridge University Press, 1970).

Tanzi, Vito, Government versus Markets: The Changing Economic Role of the State(Cambridge University Press, 2011).

Taylor, John, An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States ([1814], General Books, LLC, 2012.

Tierney, Brian, Foundations of the Conciliar Theory: The Contributions of the Medieval Canonists from Gratianto the Great Schism ([1955], Cambridge University Press, 2010).

Tierney, Brian, The Idea of Natural Rights (Scholars Press, 1997).

Tierney, Brian, The Crisis of Church and State, 1050-1300 ([1964], University of Toronto, 1999).

Tilly, Charles, Coercion, Capital, and European States: AD 990-1992 ([1990], Wiley-Blackwell, 1992).

Tilly, Charles, The Formation of National States in Western Europe (Princeton University Press, 1975).

Todd, Emmanuel, The Causes of Progress: Culture, Authority and Change (Basil Blackwell, 1985).

Todd, Emmanuel, The Explanation of Ideology: Family Structures and Social Systems (Basil Blackwell, 1985).

Trakman, Leon E. The Law Merchant: The Evolution of Commercial Law (Fred B. Rothman & Co., 1983).

Trentmann, Frank, Free Trade Nation (Oxford University Press, 2008).

Tucker, Benjamin, Individual Liberty ([1926], Revisionist Press, 1972).

Tucker, Benjamin, Instead of a Book ([1893), Nabu Press, 2010).

Ullmann-Margalit, Edna, The Emergence of Norms (Oxford University Press, 1978).

Verlinden, Charles, 'Markets and Fairs, in Postan, Rich and Miller (Eds.), Economic Organization and Policies in the Middle Ages (Cambridge University Press, 1965).

Vincent, John, The Formation of the British Liberal Party (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1966).

Wade, John, The Extraordinary Black Book: An Exposition of Abuses of Church and State...... [1832], The Lawbook Exchange, 2004).

Wagner, Richard E., Fiscal Sociology and the Theory of Public Finance: An Exploratory Essay (Edward Elgar, 2007).

Webber, Carolyn and Aaron Wildavsky, A History of Taxation and Expenditure in the Western World (Simon & Schuster, 1986).

Weinstein, James, The Corporate Ideal in the Liberal State: 1900-1918 ([1968], Greenwood Press, 1981).

Welch, Cheryl B., Liberty and Utility: The French Idéologues and the Transformation of Liberalism (Columbia University Press, 1984).

West, E. G., Education and the State, ([1970], Liberty Fund, 1994).

Williams, William Appleman, The Contours of American History ([1961], Verso, 2011).

Williams, William Appleman, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy ([1959], W.W. Norton, 2009).

Winch, Donald, Classical Political Economy and Colonies. (Harvard University Press, 1965).

Winslow, E.M., The Pattern of Imperialism: A Study in the Theories of Power, (Columbia University Press, 1950).

Wollstonecraft, Mary, A Vindication of the Rights of Women and A Vindication of the Rights of Men (Oxford University Press, 2009).

Zagorin, Perez, How the Idea of Religious Toleration Came to the West(Princeton University Press, 2003).

Zuijderduijn, C. J., Medieval Capital Markets: Markets for Renten, State Formation and Private Investment in Holland, 1300-1550 (Brill, 2009).

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Bailyn, Bernard, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution ([1967], Harvard University Press, 1992).Barbour, Violet, Capitalism in Amsterdam in the 17th Century (University of Michigan, 1966).Barden, Garrett and Tim Murphy, Law and Justice in Community (Oxford University Press, 2010).Barry, John M., Roger Williams and the Creation of the American Soul: Church State and the Birth of Liberty(Viking, 2012).Bastiat, Frederic, The Man and the Statesman: The Correspondence and Articles on Politics [The Collected Works of Frederic Bastiat], (Liberty Fund, 2011).Bayle, Pierre, A Philosophical Commentary on the Words of the Gospel, Luke 14:23 (Liberty Fund, 2005).Bayle, Pierre, Political Writings (Cambridge University Press, 2000).Beard, Charles An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States ([1913], Lawbook Exchange, 2011).Beito, David T., From Mutual Aid to the Welfare State: Fraternal Societies and Social Services, 1890-1967 (University of North Carolina Press, 2000)Benda, Julien, The Treason of the Intellectuals ([1928], Norton Library, 1969).Benson, Bruce, The Enterprise of Law: Justice Without the State ([1990], Independent Institute, 2011).Black, Antony, Guilds and Civil Society: In European Political Thought From the Twelfth Century to the Present (Cornell University Press, 1984).Black, Antony, Council and Commune: The Conciliar Movement and the Council of Basel (Burns and Oates, 1979).Blanning, Tim, The Romantic Revolution (Modern Library, 2010).Blumenthal, Uta-Renate, The Investiture Controversy: Church and Monarchy from the Ninth to the Twelfth Century University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988).Berman, Harold, Law and Revolution: Formation of the Western Legal Tradition, (Harvard University Press, 1983.Bonney, Richard (ed.), Economic Systems and State Finance ([1995], Oxford University Press, 2002).Bonney, Richard (ed.), The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe, c. 1200-1815 ([1999], Oxford University Press, 2004).Bordo, Michael D. and Forrest Capie (Eds.), Monetary Regimes in Transition (Cambridge University Press, 1993).Bordo, Michael D and Roberto Cortés-Conde, Transferring Wealth and Power from the Old to the New World: Monetary and Fiscal Institutions in the 17th through the 19th Centuries (Cambridge University Press, 2001).Bourne, Randolph, The History of a Literary Radical & Other Papers ([1956], Cornell University Library, 2009).Brady, Robert A. Business as a System of Power[1943], Nabu Press, 2010).Bresciani-Turroni, Constantino, The Economics of Inflation: A Study of Currency Depreciation in Post-War Germany, 1914-1923 ([1931], Hesperides Press, 2006.Brewer, John, The Sinews of Power: War, Money and the English State, 1688-1783 (Alfred A. Knopf, 1989).Buchanan, James M., ‘La scienza delle finanze’: The Italian Tradition in Fiscal Theory,” in Fiscal Theory & Political Economy: Selected Essays (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1960).Buckle, Stephen, Natural Law and the Theory of Property (Oxford University Press, 1993).Cardoso, José Luís and Pedro Lains (Eds.), Paying for the Liberal State: The Rise of Public Finance in Nineteenth-Century Europe (Cambridge University Press, 2010).Carson, Clayborne, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black awakening of the 1960s (Harvard University Press, ([1981], Harvard University Press, 1995).Carruthers, Bruce G., City of Capital: Politics and Markets in the English Financial Revolution (Princeton University Press, 1996).Chartier, Gary and Charles W. Johnson, Markets Not Capitalism (Autonomedia, 2011).Cavanaugh, William T., The Myth of Religious Violence (Oxford University Press, 2009).Christakis, Nicholas A. and James H. 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Geert Rouwenhorst (Eds.), The Origins of Value: The Financial Innovations the Created Modern Capital Markets (Oxford University Press, 2005)Goldsmith, Maurice, Private Vices, Public Benefits: Bernard Mandeville's Social and Political Thought (Cambridge University Press, 1985).Goodman, Paul, The Community of Scholars (Random House, (1962).Greif, Avner, Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy: Lessons from Medieval Trade (Cambridge University Press, 2006).Grice-Hutchinson, Marjorie, The School of Salamanca ([1952], Mises Institute, 2009).Guenée, Bernard, States and Rulers in Later Medieval Europe (Basil Blackwell, 1985).Hall, John, Powers and Liberties: The Causes and Consequences of the Rise of the West (Penguin Books, 1985).Halevy, Élie, The Era of Tyrannies (New York University Press, 1966).Halevy, Élie, The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism ([1904], Farber and Farber, 1972).Halliday, Paul D. 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A., Capitalism and the Historians ([1954], Routledge, 2010).Hayek, F.A., The Counter-Revolution of Science ([1955], Liberty Fund, 1980).Hayek, F.A., Individualism and Economic Order ([1948], University of Chicago Press, 1996).Hayek, F.A., Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics ([1967], Touchstone Press, 1969).Hazlitt, William, The Spirit of the Age ([1825] Nabu Press, 2010).Head, Thomas and Richard Landes Eds., The Peace of God: Social Violence and Religious Response in France around the Year 1000 (Cornell University Press, 1992).Higgs, Robert, Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government (Oxford University Press, 1987).Hintze Otto, The Historical Essays of Otto Hintze ([1975], Oxford University Press, 1989).Hobson, John A., Imperialism ([1902] University of Michigan Press, 1965).Hobson, J.A., Richard Cobden: The International Man ([1919], Cornell University Press, 2009).Hoffman, Philip T. and Kathryn Norberg (Eds.), Fiscal Crises, and Liberty, and Representative Government, 1450-1789 (Stanford University Press, 1994).Hogdgskin, Thomas, The Natural and Artificial Right of Property Contrasted ([1832], Online at Online Library of Liberty).Horwitz, Morton J., The Transformation of American Law, 1780-1860 (Harvard University Press, 1979).Horwitz, Morton H., The Transformation of American Law, 1870-1960 (Oxford University Press, 1992).Humboldt, Wilhem von, The Limits of State Action ([1850], Liberty Fund, 1993).Irwin, Douglas A., Against the Tide: An Intellectual History of Free Trade (Princeton University Press, 1997).Jacobs, Jane, The Death and Life of Great American Cities ([1961], Modern Library, 1993).Jacobs, Jane, The Economy of Cities (Vintage, 1970).Jacobs, JaneMSystems of Survival: A Dialogue on the Moral Foundations of Commerce and Politics (Vintage, 1994).Jacobson, David L., The English Libertarian Heritage ([1965], Fox and Wilkes, 1994.Jászi, Oscar and John D. Lewis, Against the Tyrant: The Tradition and Theory of Tyrannicide (Free Press, 1957).Jones, Eric L., The European Miracle: Environments, Economies and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia ([1991], Cambridge University Press, 2003).Karp, Walter, The Politics of War ([1979], Harper and Row, 2010).Kautsky, John H., The Politics of Aristocratic Empires ([1982], Transaction Publishers, 1997).Kelley, Robert, The Transatlantic Persuasion: The Liberal-Democratic Mind in the Age of Gladstone ([1969], Transaction Books, 1990).Kennedy, Paul, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 (Random House, 1989).Ketcham, Ralph Louis, The Anti-Federalist Papers and the Constitutional Convention Debates (Signet Classics, 2003).Klein, Daniel B., Knowledge and Coordination: A Liberal Interpretation (Oxford University Press, 2012).Kolko, Gabriel, The Triumph of Conservatism ([1963], Free Press, 1977).Kolko, Gabriel, The Roots of American Foreign Policy (Beacon Press, 1969).Kraditor, Aileen S., Means and Ends in American Abolitionism: Garrison and His Critics on Strategy and Tactics, 1834-1850 ([1967], Ivan R. Dee Publishers, 1989).Kropotkin, Petr, Mutual Aid ([1902],(Forgotten Books, 2010).Kukathas, Chandran, The Liberal Archipelago: A Theory of Diversity and Freedom (Oxford University Press, 2003).Lane, Frederic C., Profits from Power: Readings in Protection Rent and Violence-Controlling Enterprises (State University of New York Press, 1979).Leoni, Bruno, Freedom and the Law (Liberty Fund, 1991).Levi, Margaret, Of Rule and Revenue (University of California Press, 1989).Lloyd, T.H., England and the German Hansa: 1157-1611 (Cambridge University Press, 1991).Lopez, Robert Sabatini, The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages, 950-1350 ([1971] Cambridge University Press, 1995).Lopez, Robert Sabatini and Irving W. Raymond, Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World: Illustrative Documents Translated with Introductions and Notes (Columbia University Press, ([1955], Columbia University Press, 1990).Lopez, Robert Sabatini (Ed.), The Dawn of Modern Banking Yale University Press, 1979).Ma, Debin and Jan van Zandan (Eds.), Law and Long-Term Economic Change: A Eurasian Perspective (Stanford University Press, 2011).Macfarlane, Alan, The Origins of English Individualism ([1978], Basil Blackwell, 1991).Maier, Pauline, From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 1765-1776. (W.W. 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The Shelley is best read along with the following: Cobbett, William, Paper Against Gold ([1817], Wm Cobbett, Jr. (Online at Open ibrary).Simon, Julian L., The Ultimate Resource (Princeton University Press, 1983).Simon, Julian L., The Ultimate Resource 2 Princeton University Press, 1998).Simon, Julian L., The Economic Consequences of Immigration ([1989] University of Michigan Press, 1999).Skocpol, Theda, States & Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China (Cambridge University Press, 1979).Smith, Adam, The Theory of Moral Sentiments([1759], Liberty Fund, 2009).Smith, Adam, The Wealth of Nations ([1776], Liberty Fund, 1982).Smith, George, Lysander Spooner Reader (Fox and Wilkes, 1992).Smith, Vera C., The Rationale of Central Banking and the Free Banking Alternative ({1936], Liberty Fund, 1990).Spruyt, Hendrik, The Sovereign State and Its Competitors (Princeton University Press, 1994).Sonenscher, Michael, Before the Deluge: Public Debt, Inequality, and the Intellectual Origins of the French Revolution (Princeton University Press, 2007).Steil, Benn and Manuel Hinds, Money, Markets and Sovereignty (Yale University Press, 2009).Stendhal, The Red and the Black ([1830], (Penguin Classics, 2002).Storing, Herbert J., What the Anti-Federalists Were For: The Political Thought of the Opponents of the Constitution (University of Chicago Press, 1981).Stringham, Edward P., Ed., Anarchy and the Law: The Political Economy of Choice (Transaction Publishers, 2007).Supple, Barry, The Royal Exchange Assurance: A History of British Insurance, 1720-1970 (Cambridge University Press, 1970).Tanzi, Vito, Government versus Markets: The Changing Economic Role of the State(Cambridge University Press, 2011).Taylor, John, An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States ([1814], General Books, LLC, 2012.Tierney, Brian, Foundations of the Conciliar Theory: The Contributions of the Medieval Canonists from Gratianto the Great Schism ([1955], Cambridge University Press, 2010).Tierney, Brian, The Idea of Natural Rights (Scholars Press, 1997).Tierney, Brian, The Crisis of Church and State, 1050-1300 ([1964], University of Toronto, 1999).Tilly, Charles, Coercion, Capital, and European States: AD 990-1992 ([1990], Wiley-Blackwell, 1992).Tilly, Charles, The Formation of National States in Western Europe (Princeton University Press, 1975).Todd, Emmanuel, The Causes of Progress: Culture, Authority and Change (Basil Blackwell, 1985).Todd, Emmanuel, The Explanation of Ideology: Family Structures and Social Systems (Basil Blackwell, 1985).Trakman, Leon E. 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[1832], The Lawbook Exchange, 2004).Wagner, Richard E., Fiscal Sociology and the Theory of Public Finance: An Exploratory Essay (Edward Elgar, 2007).Webber, Carolyn and Aaron Wildavsky, A History of Taxation and Expenditure in the Western World (Simon & Schuster, 1986).Weinstein, James, The Corporate Ideal in the Liberal State: 1900-1918 ([1968], Greenwood Press, 1981).Welch, Cheryl B., Liberty and Utility: The French Idéologues and the Transformation of Liberalism (Columbia University Press, 1984).West, E. G., Education and the State, ([1970], Liberty Fund, 1994).Williams, William Appleman, The Contours of American History ([1961], Verso, 2011).Williams, William Appleman, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy ([1959], W.W. Norton, 2009).Winch, Donald, Classical Political Economy and Colonies. (Harvard University Press, 1965).Winslow, E.M., The Pattern of Imperialism: A Study in the Theories of Power, (Columbia University Press, 1950).Wollstonecraft, Mary, A Vindication of the Rights of Women and A Vindication of the Rights of Men (Oxford University Press, 2009).Zagorin, Perez, How the Idea of Religious Toleration Came to the West(Princeton University Press, 2003).Zuijderduijn, C. J., Medieval Capital Markets: Markets for Renten, State Formation and Private Investment in Holland, 1300-1550 (Brill, 2009). Printer Friendly Wendy McElroy - Friday 07 November 2014 - 12:23:35 - Permalink Bibliography on the nature and development of classical liberalism. Please feel free to circulate with a link back to this site.Abu-Lugod, Janet L., Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350 (Oxford University Press, 1992).Allen, Douglas, The Institutional Revolution (University of Chicago Press, 2012).Anderson, Perry, Lineages of the Absolutist State ([1974], Verso, 1996).Appleby, Joyce, Liberalism and Republicanism in the Historical Imagination (Harvard University Press, 1992).Appleby, Joyce, Capitalism and a New Social Order: The Republican Vision of the 1790s ([1984], New York University Press, 1984).Ashcraft, Richard, Revolutionary Politics & Locke's Two Treatises of Government (Princeton University Press, 1986).Axelrod, Robert, The Evolution of Cooperation ([1984] Basic Books, 2006).Arieli, Yehoshua, Individualism and Nationalism in American Ideology (Harvard University Press, 1964).Atack, Jeremy and Larry Neal, The Origins and Developments of Financial Markets and Institutions: From the Seventeenth Century to the Present (2009).