Does your dog hate going to the vet? Does your cat refuse to go in her carrier? Here are some essential tips for better visits to the vet - less stressful for your pet and easier for you.







By Zazie Todd, PhD



You stealthily trapped your cat in the lounge, but at the first sight of the carrier she ran to hide under the sofa – and she’s not coming out. You move the sofa and grab her as she flees, then get scratched in the process of forcing her into the carrier.





Or you’re in the waiting room at the vet’s and your dog keeps getting up and trying to leave. When you are called to the consulting room, he parks his rear end on the floor and refuses to move.





It doesn’t have to be this way.









Here are some great resources to help (and some fun links at the end). One theme you’ll notice running through the list: lots of delicious food that your pet loves, to help them have a positive experience. Don’t be stingy: 10 treats a minute is a great rate of reinforcement to aim for.







Getting to the vet



Some people don’t take their cat to the vet – or miss appointments and have to rebook – because they can’t get the cat into their carrier. Here, Dr. Sarah Ellis explains how to teach your cat to like their carrier , even if they already hate it, with useful videos too.





If you keep the carrier out at other times, your cat may even start choosing it as a place to sleep. I sometimes find my tabby cat, Harley, relaxing in his carrier. It’s lined with a towel to make it nice and cosy for him.









Incidentally you can use these techniques with other animals too; just make sure the carrier is right for the animal and you’re using a treat they really love. I’ve been known to use cilantro and carrot to lure a rabbit into a kennel.





Dr. Andy Roark has these 5 tips to has these 5 tips to keep cats happy at the vet clinic



If your cat or small dog is in a carrier, be careful not to swing it around as they might get motion sickness. In the car, put it somewhere safe such as with a seatbelt around it, or on the floor behind the driver’s seat. If it’s just loose on the seat and you have to do an emergency stop, they will go flying. If you have a harness to hold your dog in place, introduce it with lots of treats so that it becomes a happy part of the experience.



Dogs are good at picking up on cues that mean they’re going to the vet; 58% of dogs are said to know they are going to the vet before they get there (Mariti et al 2015). So don’t only go for car rides when you’re going to an appointment; make sure your dog has fun outings too, to go for walks or accompany you on errands. That way the car doesn’t predict bad stuff.



If your cat or small dog is in a carrier, be careful not to swing it around as they might get motion sickness. In the car, put it somewhere safe such as with a seatbelt around it, or on the floor behind the driver’s seat. If it’s just loose on the seat and you have to do an emergency stop, they will go flying. If you have a harness to hold your dog in place, introduce it with lots of treats so that it becomes a happy part of the experience.



Ask if you can sometimes go and sit in the waiting room, feed treats and have the staff feed treats, then go home again. This way your dog has a great time at the vet without any scary procedures. In future, they’ll be more relaxed about going there. You can do this with cats too!



When you have an appointment, arrive in plenty of time to get your pet weighed. In the waiting room, don’t force your pet to interact with others – and especially keep dogs away from cats and small animals. Hopefully there will be time for your pet to get used to the consultation room before the appointment itself begins.





If you have a reactive dog, let the staff know ahead of time. They might be able to clear the waiting room for your dog to go through, and take you straight to a consultation room so your dog doesn’t have to pass other dogs on the way in.





Some people like to use Feliway (a synthetic pheromone) to help reduce anxiety in cats. It might help, but you might like to read Mikel Delgado on the evidence first.





If you have more than one cat, the cat(s) that did not go to the vet won’t like the smell of the vet on the returning cat. Here are some tips from Pam Johnson-Bennett on preventing aggression between cats when you get home from the vet.





General Tips at the Vet's: Treats Away!



Treats can help pets feel more comfortable at the vet



Plan to take amazing treats with you – something really tasty. The vet clinic is a stressful place for your pet, so ordinary kibble won’t do. You could chop chicken or roast beef or cheese into pieces, or get some tripe stick; choose something you know your dog or cat really loves. (If they won’t eat it while they are there, don’t worry – it probably means they are stressed. It’s still a good thing that you offered them a treat, and maybe next time they’ll be able to eat it). Plan to take amazing treats with you – something really tasty. The vet clinic is a stressful place for your pet, so ordinary kibble won’t do. You could chop chicken or roast beef or cheese into pieces, or get some tripe stick; choose something you know your dog or cat really loves. (If they won’t eat it while they are there, don’t worry – it probably means they are stressed. It’s still a good thing that you offered them a treat, and maybe next time they’ll be able to eat it).





is aimed at vets, but this is a great description of what you want to happen. If you find a vet like this, let them know how much you appreciate it, because it’s important to make things as easy for your pet as possible. “Time to put the thermometer you-know-where? Make it rain treats! Injection time? Keep the treats coming!” Dr. Jeannine Berger’s advice on learning theory is aimed at vets, but this is a great description of what you want to happen. If you find a vet like this, let them know how much you appreciate it, because it’s important to make things as easy for your pet as possible.





In some cases, it might be appropriate to feed only a small breakfast (or no breakfast) before the appointment at the vet, to give the treats even higher value.





Pedadoggy explain how to recognize signs of stress in dogs at the vet , including panting, lip licking and trying to leave.





Training dogs and cats for veterinary procedures



I have a general guide to desensitization and counter-conditioning in dog training



Did you know that you can train animals to tolerate veterinary procedures? Yes, even cats can be trained ; cats trained for blood draws have lower cortisol levels (Lockhart et al 2013) , indicating less stress, during the procedure than those who are untrained (which let’s face it, is almost all cats).









Photo: Dewayne Flowers/Shutterstock

There are also some excellent videos and websites explaining how to train dogs for procedures. Some of these techniques are more appropriate for those who already have dog training expertise and knowledge, while some are aimed at all pet people.





of whether or not to work with you. Forcing them into a situation where they might become fearful will only make things worse. You’ll notice that as well as continuing the fabulous foodie theme, there’s another theme here: choice. Give the animal a choice of whether or not to work with you. Forcing them into a situation where they might become fearful will only make things worse.





If you’ve tried food but couldn’t get it to work, take advice from a qualified trainer or behaviourist (see: how to choose a dog trainer ). There are some technical details you need to get right, and they will be able to help you fine-tune your technique. Also note there’s a difference between using food as a management technique to help your pet through a stressful experience, and the way you would use food in a training plan.







For puppies and kittens learning to like the vet



Puppies and kittens have a sensitive period for socialization . This is a great time to get them used to being handled, including the things that vets need to do (like look in the ears and mouth).









Choosing a vet



Choosing the right vet will make a difference to your pet’s experiences of veterinary care. Ask friends and family for recommendations. Once you’ve selected a vet, ask if you can visit and take a look around the clinic. Is it nice and clean, and are the staff friendly? See if they have a treat jar in the consulting rooms – I'm sure you've got this by now, but using food is a good way for vets to make friends with your dog or cat and to reduce stress in consultations.





recommends Also check out their website and who they link to, as this says something about them too. For example, if they link to local dog trainers, do those trainers have qualifications? Growing up with dogs is not a qualification, but because dog training is not regulated, it’s all some dog trainers have. Dr. Lisa Radosta recommends veterinarians only refer to trainers with either the KPA or CTC whenever possible. Personally, if a vet refers to a shock collar trainer, I would be concerned they won't pay attention to my pets' emotional welfare and don't understand the importance of low-stress handling techniques.





For cats, check there is enough space in the waiting room so you can keep your cat well away from dogs – even better if there is a separate waiting area and consultation room for cats. Some clinics are accredited as Cat Friendly by the ISFM or AAFP ( UK and international North America ). You can also ask if the vet is an AAFP/ISFP member, and if the vet techs have a specialist qualification in feline nursing. The criteria for cat friendly clinics include having a ‘cat advocate’ within the clinic.





For example, did you know we aren’t meant to scruff cats? There are better handling techniques these days, but they take practice. “What I found is that handling is like a sport requiring skill and finesse,” Dr. Sophia Yin told Lisa Rodier in Ask the vet if they use low stress handling techniques For example, did you know we aren’t meant to scruff cats? There are better handling techniques these days, but they take practice. “What I found is that handling is like a sport requiring skill and finesse,” Dr. Sophia Yin told Lisa Rodier in this interview on less stressful veterinary visits. She also had some great advice on what to say if you want to persuade your vet to handle your dog or cat better.





In advice on choosing a vet from the Blue Cross they remind us to consider costs as well. Some vets and humane societies have low-cost spay/neuter and vaccination programs.





For fun









References

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 13 (2), 134-142 DOI: Belew, A., Barlett, T., & Brown, S. (1999). Evaluation of the White-Coat Effect in Cats(2), 134-142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1999.tb01141.x

Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 143 (2-4), 128-134 DOI: Lockhart, J., Wilson, K., & Lanman, C. (2013). The effects of operant training on blood collection for domestic cats(2-4), 128-134 DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2012.10.011

Animal Welfare, 24 (3), 299-305 DOI: Mariti, C., Raspanti, E., Zilocchi, M., Carlone, B., & Gazzano, A. (2015). The assessment of dog welfare in the waiting room of a veterinary clinic(3), 299-305 DOI: 10.7120/09627286.24.3.299

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science , 1-10 DOI: Mariti, C., Bowen, J., Campa, S., Grebe, G., Sighieri, C., & Gazzano, A. (2016). Guardians' Perceptions of Cats' Welfare and Behavior Regarding Visiting Veterinary Clinics, 1-10 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2016.1173548





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