The hearing is just one of several set by Congress, which is investigating how sports entities protect their athletes and how a serial predator like Dr. Nassar could thrive in a university setting — and on a United States national gymnastics team — for so many years. Dr. Simon’s testimony can shed light on what went so horribly wrong at Michigan State, though it’s possible that she would invoke her Fifth Amendment privilege if she believed her testimony would incriminate her in a criminal proceeding.

Dr. Simon, who is on a guaranteed 12-month research leave after stepping down five months ago, is under fire for how she handled the Nassar case. Dr. Nassar, the longtime team doctor for the women’s national gymnastics team, had worked at Michigan State for years, and women at the university had reported the abuse as early as the late 1990s to coaches, counselors or trainers.

Michigan prosecutors are investigating how Dr. Nassar’s abuse of athletes continued for so long. They are examining Dr. Simon’s role in the matter and hope to find out what she knew about the accusations regarding Dr. Nassar, and when she knew it. Dr. Nassar’s victims last month received news that the university has acknowledged some wrongdoing: It agreed to a $500 million settlement with 332 women and girls who were abused by Dr. Nassar, who for about 20 years abused athletes in his care.

For her part, Dr. Simon has denied a “cover-up” and said she resigned as president because of outside pressure.

“As tragedies are politicized, blame is inevitable,” she said in her resignation letter in January. “As president, it is only natural that I am the focus of this anger.”

Congress also has shown interest in understanding how an abuse scandal like Dr. Nassar’s can occur. Last week, a House subcommittee held a hearing on sex abuse in Olympic sports, and the heads of several national sports entities — including the U.S.A. Swimming and U.S.A. Gymnastics — testified.

Susanne Lyons, the United States Olympic Committee’s acting chief executive, was met with a barrage of questions regarding how the U.S.O.C. failed to protect American athletes competing in Olympic sports.