The Government is pushing through a bill that will cripple WhatsApp and iMessage as they currently exist.

The bill has been re-drafted after it was criticised by every parliamentary committee responsible for scrutinising it, but many of the most controversial powers remain.

The new draft of the Investigatory Powers Bill includes a clause that forces technology companies to weaken their security when spies need it to. That includes the removal of end-to-end encryption, the technology that allows services like WhatsApp, iMessage and FaceTime to allow people to communicate securely.

The Government said that it had re-written the law to respond to concerns about the weakening of encryption, and that it would no longer force them to weaken encryption. It will only force companies to weaken security that they themselves applied, for instance.

But the new law could still force companies to install backdoors in their security, undermining the technology used in many of the most popular chat apps.

Charities including Privacy International criticised the bill, arguing that no changes had been made to guarantee people's security.

"It would be shameful to even consider this change cosmetic," said Gus Hosein, the executive director of Privacy International. "The Bill published today continues to adhere to the structure and the underlying rationale that underpinned the draft IP Bill, despite the criticism and lengthy list of recommendations from three Parliamentary Committees.

"The continued inclusion of powers for bulk interception and bulk equipment interference - hacking by any other name - leaves the right to privacy dangerously undermined and the security of our infrastructure at risk. Despite this, the Home Office stands by its claim that the Bill represents "world-leading" legislation. It is truly world-leading, for all the wrong reasons."

The bill also requires that internet companies keep information on everything their users have looked at for an entire year. That information can then be accessed by the Government.

The new changes to the draft bill widen the situations where those powers can be used. Law enforcement will now be able to access internet usage records for pursuing “investigative leads”, after concerns that police would not be able to get hold of them for missing people inquiries and other investigations.

The ban on encryption only requires companies to remove the security features when it is deemed “practicable”. Technology companies have repeatedly complained that it isn’t clear what that restriction means.

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The new bill does include new explicit checks on that measure, making clear that the test must include a consideration of how much it would cost to remove that encryption, for instance.

If the powers are used as written, they could lead to the outlawing of many of the world’s most popular internet services — or force products including Apple’s iOS, which powers the iPhone and iPad, to be re-written from the ground up.

But those same restrictions could bring the bill into conflict with other . The draft powers do not make clear how the Government would treat instances of extra-territorial conflict, meaning that the new bill could force companies to break the law in other countries to satisfy the UK powers.

Technology companies have also worried that the powers to weaken encrypted chat services could set a precedent and lead to them also being instituted by other countries with fewer protections.