1) The term "immigrant" (or "foreign born") refers to people residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. This population includes naturalized citizens, lawful permanent residents (LPRs), certain legal nonimmigrants (e.g., persons on student or work visas), those admitted under refugee or asylee status, and persons illegally residing in the United States. "Metropolitan areas" refer to the greater metropolitan areas such as Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA or Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI.

2) Population estimates for metropolitan statistical areas with an immigrant population under 2,000 are not provided due to insufficient sample size. Rankings only apply to metropolitan areas that meet this criterion.

3) Estimates for the Middle East in the “MENA: Middle East and North Africa” region are based on the following geographies: Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Yemen, and other Western Asia.