Today's topic is " lay" versus " lie ."

Here are four ways to remember the difference:

First, we'll do the easy part, which is the present tense.

If you exclude the meaning "to tell an untruth" and just focus on the setting/reclining meaning of " lay" and "lie," then the important distinction is that " lay" requires a direct object and " lie" does not. So you lie down on the sofa (no direct object), but you lay the book down on the table (the book is the direct object).

This is in the present tense, where you are talking about doing something now: you lie down on the sofa, and you lay down a book.



There are a bunch of ways to remember this part.

2. Remember the Phrase 'Lay It on Me'

The way I remember is to think of the phrase " lay it on me ." You're laying something (it, the direct object) on me. It's a catchy, dorky, 1970s kind of phrase, so I can remember it and remember that it is correct.

What's that I hear, music in the background? I know I don't normally play music, but I love Eric Clapton, and his song " Lay Down Sally" can actually help you remember the difference between " lay" and " lie" because he's wrong.

Take the 'Lay' versus 'Lie' Quiz (in a new tab). ⇒

To say “lay down Sally” would imply that someone should grab Sally and lay her down. If he wanted Sally to rest in his arms on her own, the correct line would be “lie down Sally.”

You lay something down, and people lie down by themselves.

We don't have to judge Clapton on his grammar; we can still love his music and at the same time know that it's grammatically incorrect! In fact, that helps us remember, and we can love him more.



If you're more of a Bob Dylan fan, you can remember that "Lay Lady Lay " is also wrong. The lyrics should be “Lie lady lie, lie across my big brass bed.”



OK, so that was the present tense. It's pretty easy; you lay something down, people lie down by themselves, and Eric Clapton can help us remember. Let's move on to the past tense—it's harder.

3. 'Lay' Versus 'Lie' in the Past Tense

But then everything goes all haywire, because " lay" is the past tense of " lie ." It's a nightmare! I tried and tried to come up with a mnemonic for this, but I couldn't do it. Instead, I've made a table that you can print out from the website and tape up over your desk or in your notebook, because you just have to memorize this or look it up every time.

4. How to Conjugate 'Lay' and 'Lie'

Here's how to conjugate these two verbs:



The past tense of " lie" is " lay. "



Last week, Steve lay down on the floor.

The cat lay in the mud after it rained yesterday.



The past tense of " lay" is " laid. "



Last week, I laid the TPS report on your desk.

Mary forcefully laid her ring on the table.



The past participle of " lie" is " lain."



Steve has lain on the floor for days.

The cat has lain in the mud for hours.



The past participle of " lay" is also " laid."



I have laid the TPS report on your desk.

Mary has forcefully laid her ring on the table.



Don't feel bad if you can't remember these right away. Practice will help, and truthfully, I still have to look them up every time I use them. It's just important to know what you know, and what you don't know, and to go to the trouble to look it up and get it right because these are hard-and-fast rules.

Download the Chapter on 'Dirty Words' From Grammar Girl's Book

"Lay" versus "lie" is just one of the many confusing word choices that Mignon Fogarty covers in the "Dirty Words" chapter of her book, "Grammar Girl's Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing." You can download the chapter by clicking here.

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