This chapter identifies some of the central topics in the field of moral neuroscience, takes stock of some of the key discussions, and recommends ways of taking these discussions further. It first presents some of the key scientific findings and details some of the latest scientific results. Next, it discusses how neuroscience has contributed to the debate concerning whether moral judgments are the product of reasoning or emotions by examining the issues of whether moral judgments are intrinsically motivating; whether moral judgments tend to be the product of emotions or reasoning; and whether there is an innate moral faculty that can produce moral judgments without inputs from emotions or reasoning. It then discusses Joshua Greene’s argument that neuroscientific evidence supports the idea that consequentialist judgments are more reliable and/or truth-tracking than nonconsequentialist judgments. Lastly, it provides an overview of the essays in the volume.