A basic assumption of human behavior is that people pursue pleasure and seek to avoid pain. Why is it, then, that some people seem content to wallow in their misery, even boasting about it as some sort of badge of honor? Even when given steps to improve their lives, they seem to prefer to continue complaining.

Is there a certain comfortable familiarity with being dissatisfied that becomes an obstacle to change? After getting a glimpse of joy, why do some people immediately shift back to what doesn't work?

There are a number of possible explanations for this “ ” to unhappiness:

Deep-rooted insecurity or lack of may cause some people to feel undeserving of .

People who grew up with a style characterized by excessive discipline and unrealistic expectations may have learned to equate unhappiness with love and success.

Lifelong struggles with or other negative experiences may fuel an desire to continually return to the status quo of unhappiness.

Some people who seem comfortable in their misery actually may be suffering from an underlying mental health disorder.

Some people pride themselves on realism, believing that being practical or realistic also means focusing on the negative.

Because of decisions or experiences in their past, some people are consumed by or regret that they cannot overcome. Instead, they choose to punish themselves and/or others.

Some people are afraid to feel joy since positive feelings might be a “setup” for disappointment.

The prospect of happiness strikes of the unknown for those who have never felt anything but unhappiness.

Dissatisfaction becomes a motivator to work harder, change jobs, eat healthier, spend more time with friends and family, or prevent unwanted behaviors or situations.

Some people make it a personal mission to take on the world’s problems as their own. While noble in some respects, these individuals cannot allow themselves to feel happiness when, for example, people are starving or is damaging the planet.

Then there’s the theory that people like negative feelings. A study by Eduardo Andrade and Joel Cohen, which evaluated why people enjoy horror movies, concluded that some viewers are happy to be unhappy. The researchers found that people experience both negative and positive emotions at the same time, meaning they not only enjoy the relief they feel when the threat is removed but also enjoy being scared. This same theory, they argued, may help explain why humans are drawn to extreme sports and other risky activities that elicit terror or disgust.

Characteristics of the Chronically Unhappy

How do you know if you’re one of these people who live in a perpetual state of unhappiness? People who are addicted to unhappiness tend to:

Find reasons to be miserable when life gets “too good.”

Prefer to play the victim role and blame others rather than take personal responsibility for their choices.

Compete with friends and colleagues to see who has it the hardest.

Have difficulty setting and achieving —or, conversely, achieve goals only to find that they can’t enjoy their success.

Struggle to bounce back when things don’t go their way.

Distract, escape, or cope by using drugs, , , food, or other addictive or .

Stop taking care of their basic needs, such as a healthy , regular exercise, and adequate sleep.

Feel enslaved to their emotions or powerless to change.

Feel dissatisfied even when life is going well.

Have dramatic, unfulfilling relationships.

Is Happiness a Choice?

It is often said that “happiness is a choice.” But then why aren’t more people happy?

In my experience, happiness is complicated. Some people find happiness even in situations that would challenge the most person; some are unhappy despite having it all. For some, happiness is fleeting and depends on their present circumstances, whereas others seem to be generally happy or generally unhappy no matter what is happening in their lives. Then there’s the issue of how we should define happiness—by outward success, inward satisfaction, or something else?

In many cases, it may be true that happiness is a choice. To some extent, we choose our own thoughts and reactions, which impact the way we feel. We can improve our happiness quotient by taking steps to change our thinking (e. ., keeping a journal, staying mindful of the present moment, accepting what is, or developing healthier coping mechanisms). We can view our emotions as a signal that some aspect of life needs to change and take action to return to a better state of mind.

But for about 20 percent of American adults, mental health disorders such as or anxiety may mean that happiness is always just out of reach. They do not choose to be depressed or ; they do not know another way of being. While choosing to be happy, in these cases, is more complicated than making a choice to think positively, there is one important choice that can be made: the decision to get help, such as .

The unfortunate reality is that most chronically unhappy people refuse to get help. Nearly half of those with mental illness never seek treatment. Whether it’s fear, comfort, lack of awareness, or something else, we can’t be sure. What we do know is that unhappiness does not have to be terminal. With and treatment, there is hope for happiness becoming the new norm.

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