General Election Results 2019: The results will be declared on May 23 by evening.

Amid allegations that the Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) used in the elections were being moved ahead of counting of votes on Thursday, PRS Legislative Research, an independent research institute, on Wednesday, explained how the counting process takes place. The national election was held in seven phases. It began on April 11 and concluded on May 19. Over 2,000 parties and 8,000 candidates are in contest for 543 seats. This election will choose the 17th Lok Sabha. The members of the largest party or coalition will then choose the Prime Minister.

Election Results 2019: This Is How Vote Counting Process Is Undertaken: An Explainer

Who is responsible for counting the votes in Indian general Elections?

The Returning Officer (RO) is responsible for conducting elections in a constituency, which also includes counting of votes. The Returning Officer is an officer of the government or a local authority nominated by the Election Commission for each constituency in consultation with the state government.

Where does the counting take place in a national election?

The Returning Officer or RO decides the place where the votes will be counted for the parliamentary constituency. The date and time of counting is fixed by the Election Commission. Ideally, counting of votes for a constituency should be done at one place, preferably at the headquarters of the Returning Officer in that constituency.

It should be done under the direct supervision of the Returning Officer. However, each parliamentary constituency has multiple assembly segments. In such a situation, counting can take place at different locations for various Assembly segments under the direct supervision of an Assistant Returning Officer (ARO).

Counting of votes for each Assembly segment of a parliamentary constituency is performed in a single hall. In each round of counting, votes from 14 EVMs are counted. In case of simultaneous parliamentary and Assembly elections, such as Odisha, the first seven tables are used for counting votes for Assembly elections, and the rest for parliamentary elections.

In constituencies with a large number of candidates, it may not be possible to count votes for all candidates in a single hall without overcrowding it. In such a situation, the number of counting halls or tables can be increased with the prior permission of the Election Commission. A hall can also be used for counting votes of another Assembly segment after the results of the first segment are declared. However, counting may be done for only one Assembly segment in a hall at any point of time.

What is the counting process?

Counting is performed by counting supervisors appointed by the Returning Offier. Counting staff is appointed through a three stage randomisation process to ensure impartiality. Candidates along with their counting agents and election agents are also present in the counting hall.

Counting of votes begins with Electronically Transmitted Postal Ballots (ETPB) and Postal Ballots (PB). These votes are counted under the direct supervision of the Returning Officer. Counting of EVMs can start 30 minutes after the commencement of PB counting, even if all PBs have not been counted. At the end of each round of counting, the results from 14 EVMs are declared.

What is the process for counting VVPAT slips?

The EC prescribes the process for randomly selecting one EVM for each Assembly segment of a parliamentary constituency for VVPAT matching. The verification of VVPAT paper slips is conducted inside a secured VVPAT Counting Booth in the counting hall with access to authorised personnel only. Any counting table in the hall can be converted into VVPAT Counting Booth after completing EVM vote counting. Parliamentary constituencies generally have between five and 10 Assembly segments.

The Supreme Court has decided that VVPAT slips of five randomly selected polling stations for each Assembly segment shall be matched with the result shown in the respective EVMs. This implies that VVPAT paper slips need to be matched for about 25-50 machines for each parliamentary constituency. This process requires personal supervision of RO/ARO.

The EC has decided that the counting of five VVPATs will be done sequentially. The RO can declare the final result for the constituency after the VVPAT matching process has been completed.

What happens if there is a discrepancy between the VVPAT count and the EVM results?

In such a case, the printed paper slips count is taken as final. The EC has not clarified whether there would be any further action (such as counting of all VVPATs in a constituency or Assembly segment) if there is a discrepancy in the counts of one of the five VVPATs.

The Election Commission (EC) has conducted 113 Assembly elections and three general elections using EVMs. The VVPAT system, which generates a printer paper slip bearing the name and election symbol of the candidate voted for, was added to EVMs in 2013 to increase transparency and improve voter confidence in the system. On April 8, 2019, the Supreme Court instructed the EC that printed VVPAT slips from randomly selected five polling stations in each Assembly segment of a parliamentary constituency should be matched with EVMs.

The Opposition demanded to tally the VVPAT (Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail) slips with the Electronic Voting Machines before votes are counted, but the demand has been turned down by the Election Commission. The verification of EVM votes with the VVPAT slips from five random polling booths in each assembly segment - made mandatory by the Supreme Court -- will be done after the counting of votes and not before, the Commission has said.