According to a new study from researchers at the University of Hong Kong and Indiana University, Pennsylvania is the fifth most corrupt state in the U.S.

The researchers studied more than 25,000 convictions of public officials for violation of federal corruption laws between 1976 and 2008 as well as patterns in state spending to develop a corruption index that estimates the most and least corrupt states in the union according to a Fortune Magazine report. Based on this method, the the most corrupt states are: