The most common definition in the literature is the following one: “A logistic system is an adaptive system with feedback that performs certain logistic operations and functions. It, as a rule, consists of several subsystems and has developed connections with the external environment. ”



As a logistics system, one can consider an industrial enterprise, a territorial production complex, a trading enterprise, etc. The purpose of the logistics system is to deliver goods and products to a specified place, in the right quantity and assortment, as much as possible prepared for production or personal consumption. a given level of costs.

Logistics sets and solves the problem of designing harmonious, coordinated material-conducting (logical) systems, with the given parameters of the material flow at the output. In order for the system to exist, develop, improve, and survive in extreme conditions, it must have a combination of certain properties. We characterize the properties of logistic systems in the context of each of the four properties inherent in any system:



Integrity and articulation

A system is an integral set of elements interacting with each other. At the macro level, during the passage of the material flow from one enterprise to another, these enterprises, as well as the transport connecting them, can be considered as elements. At the micro level, the logistics system can be represented as the following subsystems:

Procurement - a subsystem that provides the flow of material flow in the logistics system.

Production planning and management - this subsystem takes the material flow from the purchasing subsystem and manages it in the process of performing various technological operations, turning the subject of labor into a product of labor.

Sales - a subsystem that ensures the disposal of material flow from the logistics system

As we can see, the elements of logistic systems are of varying quality, but at the same time compatible. Compatibility is ensured by the unity of purpose, which is subject to the functioning of logistics systems.



Connections

There are significant connections between the elements of the logistic system, which, with a legitimate need, determine the integrative qualities. In macrological systems, the basis of communication between the elements is a contract. In micrological systems, the elements are interconnected. Links can be real, informational, direct, inverse, etc. The connections between the elements must be more powerful than the connections of the individual elements by the external environment because otherwise, the system cannot exist.





Organization

The links between the elements of the logistics system are ordered in a certain way, that is, the logistics system has an organization. The presence of system-forming factors in the elements of the system only suggests the possibility of its creation. For the appearance of the system, it is necessary to form ordered links, i.e. the certain structure of the organization of the system.

Integrative qualities. The logistic system has integrative qualities that are not peculiar to any of the elements separately. This is the ability to deliver the right product, at the right time, at the right place, of the required quality, with minimal costs, as well as the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions.



Types of logistic systems

Logistics systems are divided into macro-and micrological.

The macrologistical system is a large material management system, covering industrial enterprises and organizations, intermediary, trade, and transport organizations of various departments located in different regions of the country or in different countries. A macrologistical system is a specific infrastructure of an economy in a region, country, or group of countries.

When forming a macrologistical system covering different countries, it is necessary to overcome the difficulties associated with the legal and economic features of international economic relations, with different conditions for the supply of goods, differences in the transport legislation of countries, as well as a number of other barriers.

The formation of macro logistical systems in interstate programs requires the creation of a single economic space, a single market without internal borders, customs barriers to the transportation of goods, capital, information, and labor resources.

Micrologistical systems are subsystems, structural components of macrologistical systems. These include various industrial and commercial enterprises, territorial-industrial complexes. Micrologistical systems are a class of internal logistics systems, which include technologically related production, united by a single infrastructure.

Within the framework of macrologistics, the links between individual micrologistical systems are established on the basis of commodity-money relations. Within the micrologistical system, subsystems also function.

Thus, as a result of the study, the following conclusions can be made: the use of information logistics systems has allowed for effective communication between the participants in the management process, although this has led to some problems, for example, the lack of information gathering at the enterprise, technical support at enterprises, etc.

Currently, these problems are at the decision stage, since the role of information support of logistics management is increasing every day, acquiring a massive scale, thereby accelerating the process of formation of information systems in logistics.