Safety and data protection are major concerns when it comes to the growing use of commercial drones, but blockchain could provide a working solution, according to a recent report by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DoT).

The tech report says commercial usage of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) is becoming increasingly prevalent in today’s society in applications ranging from consumer deliveries to emergency response to transporting medicines and organs for transplant.

However, logistics relating to the safe management of swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as well as air traffic management and reliable operations near “high-risk” areas such as crowded areas or airports are proving problematic. That’s where the tracing and tracking of individual drones via the blockchain can make a difference, the DoT says.

“Blockchain technology is being looked on to deliver a framework that can be used by stakeholders in the commercial drone industry, as it can ensure security and provide for identity management as well as providing a supporting role in aircraft traffic management, UAS conflict management and flight authorization,” according to the report.

In certain instances, blockchain technology could be used to address particular trust and integrity issues when it comes to drone systems, too. Flight data recorders (black boxes), for example, provide data to help investigators understand what a UAV was doing before an incident occurred, similar to those installed in all aircraft in the airline industry.

A blockchain-based flight recorder, or “black box,” could enable law enforcement to be proactive in monitoring drones’ flight patterns in real time, providing the information to help navigate around a perceived threat or incident. It could also help industry regulators track and review drone flight data to make smarter decisions about the safest route to a particular destination.

The Federal Aviation Industry (FAA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have begun leading an industrywide standardization effort for drone traffic management. Since 2018 Boeing has been developing a traffic management system for all drones that use artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology, the report notes.

NASA has also proposed a blockchain-based framework for the FAA-mandated automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B) system enabling aircraft privacy while guarding against spoofing, denial of service, and other security risk factors.

See also: IBM Patents Blockchain to Stop Drones From Stealing Packages

While drones show “much promise” across various industries, their automated nature makes trust “a significant issue.” Additionally, the integration of AI into UAS “may require regulations … beyond industry best practices,” according to the report.