President Donald Trump waves as he greets people at the Fourth of July picnic for military families on the South Lawn of the White House on July 4. Credit:AP Trump himself said some version of this many times, not just in general but with regard to North Korea specifically. A few weeks before taking office, he tweeted, "North Korea just stated that it is in the final stages of developing a nuclear weapon capable of reaching parts of the US. It won't happen!" Well now it has happened, apparently because Kim Jong-un does not whimper in terror at the thought of being put in his place by Trump. Up until now, the administration's approach to North Korea has been a combination of public chest-thumping and hope that China would take care of the problem. In April, Trump met Chinese President Xi Jinping and apparently believed that, once he presented Xi with a truly spectacular piece of chocolate cake, the Chinese leader would put a prompt end to North Korea's nuclear ambitions. Xi attempted to educate Trump on the complexities of the situation. "After listening for 10 minutes, I realised it's not so easy," Trump said. But as we've seen in other areas such as healthcare, while Trump can be disabused of his childishly simplistic view of a policy challenge, his newfound appreciation for the complexity of an issue will only be temporary. Before long, he goes right back to thinking there are easy solutions to every problem.

Some Republicans characterised President Barack Obama as weak and feckless, unlike Donald Trump. Credit:AP Just a few days later, Vice-President Mike Pence went to South Korea and issued stern warnings to Kim Jong-un about how strong and resolute Trump is. "North Korea would do well not to test his resolve," Pence said, then went to the Demilitarised Zone and stared manfully at North Korean territory while the cameras clicked away. Kim Jong-un does not "whimper in terror at the thought of being put in his place by Trump". Credit:AP "I thought it was important that people on the other side of the DMZ see our resolve in my face," he said afterwards.

The administration didn't place all its hopes in the power of Pence's face, though. Whenever the subject of North Korea came up, Trump and members of his administration would repeat that "the era of strategic patience is over", without saying exactly what era we're in now. US Vice-President Mike Pence looks at the North Korean side from Observation Post Ouellette in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). Credit:AP A week ago, the administration imposed sanctions on Chinese companies doing business with North Korea, but that didn't have a transformative effect on China's perspective. Then, when the launch happened, the President responded with typical thoughtfulness: "North Korea has just launched another missile. Does this guy have anything better to do with his life? Hard to believe that South Korea ... " " ... and Japan will put up with this much longer. Perhaps China will put a heavy move on North Korea and end this nonsense once and for all!" China's President Xi Jinping waves after arriving in Germany for the G20 summit. Credit:AP

It's hard to tell what kind of "heavy move" Trump thinks China might put on North Korea, and I doubt he knows himself. The unfortunate fact is that we have no good options here. We can threaten a strike against North Korea, but the result of that would be massive casualties in South Korea. The New York Times described the problem: "Even the most limited strike risks staggering casualties, because North Korea could retaliate with the thousands of artillery pieces it has positioned along its border with the South. Though the arsenal is of limited range and could be destroyed in days, the United States defence secretary, Jim Mattis, recently warned that if North Korea used it, it 'would be probably the worst kind of fighting in most people's lifetimes'." That's not to mention the fact that, if Kim truly thought he was about to overthrown, he might unleash whatever nuclear weapons he has, along with any other weapons of mass destruction the country possesses. The idea that Kim will voluntarily halt his missile and nuclear weapons programs because Trump sent some more tough talkin' tweets and the Vice-President showed his resolute face seems highly unlikely.

Given the fact that a military strike from the US could set off another Korean War, negotiations with the North seem like a logical part of the solution, but there are some reasons why that might not happen. We don't have much diplomatic capability these days; the State Department is barely functioning, and among the many key positions for which the Trump administration has not even bothered to nominate someone is ambassador to South Korea. And it's clear that the President, for all his talk of deal-making, sees negotiation with other countries as a sign of weakness. There are some things we can do to increase economic and diplomatic pressure on North Korea, but to be really effective they require the co-operation of other countries. Trump has made that much more difficult with the contempt he has shown for the very idea of international co-operation, by belittling NATO and pulling out of the Paris climate accord. There aren't many countries that are going to join us in a combined effort just because we ask. It's also important to understand that, as much as we see Kim as a lunatic or a buffoon, if his goal is the survival of his regime, pursuing nuclear weapons and the ability to deliver them is perfectly rational. After all, Saddam Hussein didn't have them, and look what happened to him. The higher the cost of a military strike against North Korea, the safer he'll feel. As the US military commander on the Korean peninsula said on Tuesday in a joint statement with his South Korean counterpart: "Self restraint, which is a choice, is all that separates armistice and war." Can Trump exercise that restraint? What happens when in a moment of anger he suggests a military strike? Will his saner advisers be able to rein in his worst impulses? How important will it be for Trump to save face and look strong? Given his thin skin, how much of an impact will personal attacks from Kim and criticisms at home have on his decision-making? How will he react when faced with a choice between two bad options?

Loading This isn't a full-blown crisis yet. But it could become one, and for the first time President Trump will be truly tested. He hasn't done a lot to inspire confidence so far. The Washington Post