Translingual [ edit ]

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

Han character [ edit ]

凹 (radical 17, 凵+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 尸尸山 (SSU), four-corner 7777 0 )

References [ edit ]

KangXi: page 135, character 10

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1810

Dae Jaweon: page 301, character 6

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 308, character 3

Unihan data for U+51F9

Chinese [ edit ]

Glyph origin [ edit ]

Pictogram (象形).

Etymology [ edit ]

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

Particularly: “Related to 坳 ào ) or 䫜 āo )?”

Pronunciation 1 [ edit ]

Definitions [ edit ]

凹

Antonyms [ edit ]

凸 tū , “convex”)

Compounds [ edit ]

低凹 dī'āo )

) 儉腸凹肚 俭肠凹肚 khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘ ) ( Min Nan )

) ( ) 冷鼻凹

凹下

凹凸 āotū )

) 凹凸不平 āotūbùpíng )

) 凹凸有致 āotūyǒuzhì )

) 凹地 āodì ) 凹心硯 凹心砚

凹心臉兒 凹心脸儿

凹版 āobǎn )

) 凹版印刷 āobǎn yìnshuā )

) 凹版畫 凹版画

凹狀 凹状

凹透鏡 凹透镜 āotòujìng )

) 凹陷 āoxiàn ) 凹面鏡 凹面镜 āomiànjìng )

) 山凹 shān'āo )

) 照相凹版

窩窩凹凹 窝窝凹凹

胃小凹 wèixiǎo'āo )

) 鼻凹

鼻凹糖

Pronunciation 2 [ edit ]

Definitions [ edit ]

凹

( dialect ) Same as 洼 wā ).

Japanese [ edit ]

Kanji [ edit ]

凹

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings [ edit ]

Go-on : よう ( yō ) ← えふ ( efu , historical )

: Kan-on : おう ( ō , Jōyō ) ← あふ ( afu , historical )

: Kun: くぼ ( kubo , 凹 ) ; くぼい ( kubo i , 凹い ) ; くぼか ( kubo ka , 凹か ) ; くぼむ ( kubo mu , 凹む ) ; くぼめる ( kubo meru , 凹める ) ; くぼまる ( kubo maru , 凹まる ) ; くぼます ( kubo masu , 凹ます ) ; くぼやか ( kubo yaka , 凹やか ) ; なかくぼ ( nakakubo ) ; へこむ ( heko mu , 凹む ) ; ぼこ ( boko , 凹 )

Etymology 1 [ edit ]

/apu/ → /afu/ → /au/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/

From Middle Chinese 凹 (MC ʔˠɛp̚). Compare modern Mandarin reading āo, Min Nan au.

Pronunciation [ edit ]

Affix [ edit ]

凹 ( おう ) • (ō) (historical kana あふ)

Usage notes [ edit ]

The character 凹 with the reading ō is only used in compounds, and never in isolation.

Compounds [ edit ]

Etymology 2 [ edit ]

Unknown. Sound similarities might suggest a connection to words related to darkness or deep interior, such as 雲 (kumo, “cloud”), 蜘蛛 (kumo, “spider”), 隈 (kuma, “a recess, a deep interior corner”), 黒 (kuro, “black”), 暗 (kura, “darkness”); more at 黒. Alternately, these broad similarities might be pure coincidence.

Pronunciation [ edit ]

Alternative forms [ edit ]

Noun [ edit ]

凹 ( くぼ ) • (kubo)

an area with sides higher than the center: an indentation, a depression, a dip, a divot, a hole ( slang ) female genitalia, the vagina

Derived terms [ edit ]

Synonyms [ edit ]

Etymology 3 [ edit ]

Noun stem of verb 凹む (kubomu, “to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented”), itself a compound of 凹 (kubo, “an indentation, a dip”) +‎ む (mu, “to become like something”, auxiliary verb attaching to nouns or adjective stems, cognate with びる (biru) biru).[3]

Pronunciation [ edit ]

Alternative forms [ edit ]

Noun [ edit ]

凹 ( くぼみ ) • (kubomi)

a pit, a hollow, a cavity, a depression, a dent

Derived terms [ edit ]

Usage notes [ edit ]

The 凹 ( くぼ ) み or 窪 ( くぼ ) み spelling with the okurigana み is more common when used as a standalone term. The spelling without the okurigana is more common in compounds.

Etymology 4 [ edit ]

Compound of 中 (naka, “inside, inner”) +‎ 窪 (kubo, “pit, indentation”).[3][1][4]

Pronunciation [ edit ]

Kun’yomi ( Tokyo ) な かくぼ [nàkákúbó] (Heiban – [0]) [1] ( Tokyo ) な か ​ くぼ [nàkáꜜkùbò] (Nakadaka – [2]) [1] IPA (key) : [na̠ka̠kɯ̟ᵝbo̞]



Alternative forms [ edit ]

Noun [ edit ]

凹 ( なかくぼ ) • (nakakubo)

a sunken center a place or object with a sunken center

Usage notes [ edit ]

The 中 ( なか ) 窪 ( くぼ ) spelling is more common.

Synonyms [ edit ]

Etymology 5 [ edit ]

Noun stem of verb 凹む (hekomu, “to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented”), itself an abbreviated compound of 減り (heri, noun stem of verb 減る (heru, “to reduce, to decrease, to diminish”)) +‎ 込む (komu, “to go inwardly”).[3]

Pronunciation [ edit ]

Alternative forms [ edit ]

Noun [ edit ]

凹 ( へこみ ) • (hekomi)

Usage notes [ edit ]

The 凹 ( へこ ) み (hekomi) spelling is more common.

Synonyms [ edit ]

Etymology 6 [ edit ]

Uncertain. Possibly onomatopoeic from the sound of a wheel bouncing in a rut or pothole, or from the sound of something hollow when tapped. Compare adverb ぼこぼこ (bokoboko, “full of holes; hollowly”).

Alternately, may be compound of ぼ (bo, “empty?”, uncertain; possibly related to verb 掘る (horu, “to dig, to dig out”)) +‎ こ (ko, “place”, suffixing element seen in other words such as そこ (soko, “there”) or 端っこ (hashikko, “edge, end, tip”)). Compare 凸 (deko, “protrusion”), likely a compound of 出 (de, “coming out”) + こ (ko, “place”, suffixing element).

Pronunciation [ edit ]

Noun [ edit ]

凹 ( ぼこ ) • (boko)

an indentation, a dip or divot, a hollow, a dent in a surface

Derived terms [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

Korean [ edit ]

Hanja [ edit ]

凹 (eumhun 오목할 요 (omokhal yo))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}} .

Vietnamese [ edit ]

Han character [ edit ]

凹: Hán Nôm readings: ao

