The Yemen Project: DHA10002 – Sanaban Wedding Strike

Incident ID: DHA10002

Location: Sanaban, Dhamar, Mayfa’at Anss, Yemen

Coordinates: 14.426831, 44.664921

Incident Grading: Confirmed

Date: 2015-10-07 YYYY-MM-DD

Time (AST): Approximately 2200 AST

KEY FINDINGS

– We identified the location of the alleged strike as the house and courtyard located at coordinates 14.426831, 44.664921. Using open sources, including images, videos, and satellite imagery, we believe that the strike took place in an area primarily inhabited by civilians, while a wedding party was taking place.

– By comparing satellite imagery, media reports, and user generated content (UGC), We were able to determine that the strike occurred around 2200 AST on 07/10/2015.

– Contextual evidence and witness accounts indicate that this was an airstrike. The Joint Incidents Assessment Team (JIAT) confirmed that an airstrike did take place in this area on this date. However, it denies that the wedding was targeted.

DISCOVERY PROCESS

Searches were carried out using English and Arabic variations of the name “Dhamar” and “Sanaban” and words such as “wedding”, “airstrike”, etc in both English and Arabic. These search terms were entered into Google, with specific site searches for sites of relevance, such as YouTube and the Saudi Press Agency. The search terms were also used in Tweetdeck.

Initial Google searches led to this article, which identifies the strike as having occurred on 07/10/2015. From this point, searches focused on the days immediately following this date. Results from these searches can be found organized below.

Sample search string: site:https://www.spa.gov.sa حفل زواج ذمار

International Media:

The Telegraph 15 fatalities, 25 wounded

The Irish Times 25 fatalities, 50 wounded

The New York Times 23 fatalities

Samaa TV 13 fatalities, 38 wounded

Yaman Yoon 54 fatalities, 31 wounded

Al Hayat 28 fatalities, 20 wounded

CNN Arabic 30 fatalities

Eje Central 26 fatalities, 40 wounded

Al Jazeera 28 fatalities 38 wounded

Other:

List of casualties (with names) published by the Security Information Center, General Directorate of Moral Guidance and Public Relations, Ministry of Interior of Yemen (43 fatalities (although only 42 names are listed), 65 wounded)

JIAT report

Human Rights Watch 43 fatalities



Yemen Peace Project 43 fatalities

Social Media (sorted by upload date and time):

07/10/2015 2255 AST: Tweet – First report of attack

08/10/2015 1457 AST: Tweet – Images of aftermath

08/10/2015 1702 AST: Tweet – Video of aftermath (referred to as “aftermath video”)

08/10/2015 1827 AST: Youtube video – Yemen Today report (referred to as “Yemen Today report”)

08/10/2015 2123 AST: Tweet – Video of rescue efforts

09/10/2015 0254 AST: Tweet – Images of aftermath

10/10/2015 1355 AST: Youtube video – News report on incident

12/10/2015 0325 AST: Youtube video – Yemen Today news report from the next morning (referred to as “post-incident report”)

12/10/2015 0344 AST: Youtube video – Yemen Today news report

16/10/2015 1746 AST: Youtube video – What appears to be Yemen Today footage edited to be more dramatic (referred to as “Haitham video”)

11/08/2016 0621 AST: Youtube video – News report on commemoration

WHERE?

Where did this incident take place?

Topography to the southwest of Sanaban matches that captured in video from the incident and led us to examine that Sanaban in greater detail.

We discovered that Google Maps had associated images with this location, although the exact source of these images could not be established. We noted that the horizon did appear to match that seen in the aftermath video.

Both these views also match the Google Earth Pro landscape view of this location.

We believe the coordinates of the building which was destroyed are 14.426831, 44.664921. This location will be referred to as “Building 1” for the rest of this report. Much of the UGC (like the video panorama below) is captured from coordinates 14.427050, 44.664794, which is immediately to the north of Building 1. We built the panorama below by stitching together still images from the aftermath video to give an impression of the scene.

In the aftermath video we can see three primary structures (Building 1 on the left, a minaret, and the building on the right) from the filming location facing southwest toward the mountain. We see that the remains of Building 1 are tall and thin, which matches satellite imagery taken after the strike.

We can also match up distinct features of Building 1 and its surroundings with features seen in satellite imagery.

We can stitch together two images from another social media post to form a panorama which gives us a more detailed view of the area to the south west of Building 1, which we have done in the image below. When we compare this panorama to satellite imagery we can see that the key features match. We know this location also depicts Building 1 as the pair of distinctive half-moon windows on the base of Building 1 can be seen on the far left hand side of the panorama.

We can also clearly see the damage to Building 1 in Google Earth satellite imagery.

What was the location being used for?

The location, according to reports (1, 2), was the house of Muhammed Saleh Ghouba “ محمد صالح غوبة” and was being used for the wedding of his sons.

On Wikimapia, a crowd-sourced mapping service, many of the tagged sites in the village al-Sanaban are local homes, a primary school, and a cemetery. No locations are marked as military on Wikimapia. The majority of these locations were added 5-11 years ago.

Similarly, on Google Maps, nearby locations include several mosques, a garden, a shopping mall/market, and a poultry farm. It is not currently possible to accurately identify when these locations were added.

Satellite imagery from the time does not appear to show any fortifications or obvious military objects. It should be noted that it is not possible to confirm the absence of Houthi soldiers in this area, only that open sources indicates the area is inhabited by civilians and was likely being used as both a residential and commercial area.

Was there military activity in this location?

Analysis of the sources available to us do not indicate that there was any military activity in the immediate area of Building 1. According to several sources, Muhammed al-Sanabani was “a tribal leader known to support the Houthi rebels.” However, footage of the aftermath of the strike and from inside the hospital, as well as witness reports, indicate that most of the victims of the strike were civilians, including women and children.

According to the Yemen Peace Project, “only one military post could be seen 15 kilometers south of Sanaban, on the way to Dhamar City” and “the presence of the Houthis could be hardly seen in the village.” According to Human Rights Watch, “Al-Sanabani and other residents said there were no military targets in the vicinity, no Houthi forces, not even a checkpoint.”

In images posted to social media depicting the aftermath of the incident there do appear to be some people carrying weapons. It should be noted that these images appear to have been taken the next day, hours after this incident, and that carrying a weapon in Yemeni culture can be regarded as a mark of rank, and not necessarily a marker of a combatant.

There also appears to be at least one person dressed in military fatigues, although again it should be noted this was taken some time after the incident.



No armed persons or people seen in military uniform could be seen in the videos taken at night immediately after the attack.

WHEN

Date

All media reports confirm that the strike occurred on 2015/10/07. Sentinel Hub satellite imagery appears to support this date, as we can see a structural change at the location of Building 1, marked in the white square, between 04/10/2015 and 21/10/2015. Although the imagery is indistinct, we can see that there has been enough change for this relatively low resolution imagery to demonstrate something significant has happened. The structure appears slightly smaller and has a darker area surrounding it, which may be caused by the debris field resulting from this incident.

Time

According to Human Rights Watch, the strike occurred around 2130 AST. The Yemen Peace Project claims that the strike occurred around 2200 AST.

UGC supports this timeframe. Much of the collected UGC is filmed during evening hours, as is evident by the darkness of the footage and the use of flashlights by rescuers. (seen here and here).

Notably, these videos appear to have been taken immediately following the strike, as we can see people digging through rubble attempting to rescue people who are still alive and evacuating people to the hospital. Most of the UGC content captured during the daytime is people walking through the rubble with much less urgency, indicating it was taken some hours after the strike occurred and after rescue efforts had been abandoned.

Furthermore, one of the earliest reports of the attack found through a methodological Tweetdeck search was posted at 2255 AST. This supports the argument that the strike occurred at around 2200 AST.

Report continues on next page

WHAT HAPPENED?

UGC and news reports indicate that most of the victims of the attack being women and children who were attending the wedding or part of the wedding party (1, 2, 3, 4). While there appear to be one or two people carrying weapons or dressed in military fatigues at the aftermath of the scene the next morning (see previous page), the majority of the people present at the site appear to have been civilians.

An image posted on Facebook identified the wedding as that of three brothers, Moayed, Ayman and Abdulrahman Ghoba. According to an article by a Sharif Abdel Kaddous, a journalist who visited the site for PRI, on 2015/10/07 Ayman and two of his brothers were getting married in a joint ceremony. Hundreds of relatives and neighbours would likely have come to take part. Their three-story house was reportedly brightly decorated.

At approximately 2200 AST the attack took place. Multiple witness statements (1, 2) claim that aircraft bombed this location.

To Whom?

An image of a traditional banner made to celebrate the wedding of the three brothers was posted by some news outlets.

In an image taken by the journalist Sharif Abdel Kouddous in Sanban, the graves of those killed in the strike are visible. These graves include one of the groomsmen, Abdulrahman Mohammed Saleh Ghouba and his sister Eman Mohammed Saleh Ghouba. Note the minaret in the top left of the image.

The minaret seen in the image of the grave matches the minaret in Sanaban as seen in several photos posted on Google Earth (1, 2). This minaret is located at coordinates 14.423183, 44.663781. Due to this we believe that the image of the grave was taken in Sanaban’s graveyard.



As the injured were moved into local hospitals, there was a demand for blood to treat the injured. In a Facebook group post, an image was taken showing volunteers donating blood. The post thanks the “sons of Dhamar” for donating blood to the hospitals and was posted on the group on 2015/10/08 at 0332 AST.

In the early hours of 2015/10/08 multiple images were posted on Facebook by different local news gathering groups and individuals in Yemen, showing injured children, men and a woman with severe burns. Using reverse image search, we identified that the images were unlikely to have been posted from previous incidents. The green bedding also matches bedding seen in this Yemen Today video.

Abdullah Qais Al-Sanabani

One of the children injured was identified as Abdullah Qais Al-Sanabani, a child prodigy who, according to Reuters “invented a solar-powered remote control car that could flip over and become a boat” This won him an international competition in 2012 and a free visit to NASA, the American space agency. Abdullah was also featured in a TedX Sana’a talk in 2013 where he spoke of his trip to the US and his invention. After the strike, a crowdfunded campaign was launched to send Abdullah to Shriners Children Hospital in Boston for treatment.

Ryan Al-Sanabani’s cousin wrote in the comment that accompanied the above image: “Earlier this day my uncle, various doctors and myself stood around his hospital bed and explained to him that we wouldn’t be able to salvage some of the deeper injuries, that he would wake up Monday morning without a right arm above elbow and two toes short in his left foot. His father and I couldn’t help but shed tears as the doctor explained the condition to him, Abdullah nodded looked up at us and courageously said “’don’t be sad god willing i’ll be okay’”.

What kind of vehicles are present in the image and videos?



The only vehicles that appear to be present at the scene in open sources are cars that have been destroyed or damaged by the strike. According to reports and witness accounts, these are likely the cars that were part of the convoy bringing the brides and their families to the grooms house.

Verification of night-time videos



Although much of the media filmed at night is difficult to verify, two videos contain key pieces of footage showing people digging in the rubble of a building and rows of what appear to be covered bodies. These are the Yemen Today report and a video posted by the user Haitham al Ansi (henceforth called the Haitham video) which has a Yemen Today watermark, indicating it was originally filmed by them. Although the Haitham video was likely originally filmed by Yemen Today and shares large portions of footage, it has had music and effects added to make the video more dramatic.



We can identify that the Haitham video uses footage from the scene of this attack. In the Haitham video we can see several cars from 00:36.

White car Black SUV White saloon with yellow stripe Dark damaged car Silver car – front left door damaged White pick-up truck

What appear to be the same cars, in the same orientation, can be seen in the aftermath video, indicating that the Haitham video was filmed in the same place.

Further confirmation that these are the same cars is this Yemen Today post-incident report made the day after which again shows this group of cars, including the white saloon with a yellow stripe (number 3).

All these videos, including the Haitham video, the aftermath video and the Yemen Today post-incident report, depict the same group of cars in the same orientation. This demonstrates that some or all of the footage filmed at night was filmed at Building 1. Considering the amount of footage shared between the Haitham video and the Yemen Today report taken at night it also seems likely the Yemen Today report was also filmed in the vicinity of Building 1.



It should also be noted that this group of cars seem to be civilian in nature and do not appear to have had any modifications such as weapons mounts or armour.

Was it an airstrike?

The contextual information, and eyewitness statements describing planes flying overhead, strongly indicate that this was an airstrike.



Yemen Peace Project: “‘The warplane was circling noticeably as the bridal convoy was approaching the village, and I heard it flying at low latitude to the northwest as the missile struck the house,’ said local resident Maher Mohammed Saleh, 30, who was some 10 meters away from the house. ‘I even heard the missile whizzing before it hit the house.’”

Furthermore, a Joint Incidents Assessment Team investigation confirmed that an airstrike was carried out in this vicinity on this date (although it denied the wedding was the target).

Who is in the background?

There are several witnesses and rescuers in the open source content, mostly men in civilian clothing. Footage taken inside the hospital shows victims of the strike, many of whom are children.

Child seen in hospital in report from Yemen Today

The people being interviewed in open sources appear to all be civilians, almost all men. They are not dressed in military uniforms and none of them appear to be armed. It is likely that several of these men were involved in the rescue efforts, as some are wearing headlamps and flashlights.

CASUALTIES

The casualty count for this strike varies. Here are the reports we found, from lowest to highest:

Samaa TV 13 fatalities, 38 wounded

The Telegraph 15 fatalities, 25 wounded

The New York Times 23 fatalities

The Irish Times 25 fatalities, 50 wounded

Eje Central 26 fatalities, 40 wounded

Al Hayat 28 fatalities, 20 wounded

CNN Arabic 30 fatalities

Human Rights Watch 43 fatalities

Yemen Peace Project 43 fatalities

Security Information Center, 43 fatalities, 65 wounded

Yaman Yoon 54 fatalities, 31 wounded

Casualty list

The Security Information Center (SIC), a Houthi-led government entity, also published the ages and names of the alleged fatalities (original in Arabic). It should be noted that the SIC appears to have made an editing error and only included 42 names:

1- Gamal Salih Gwayeh, 50 years old

2 – Issam Jamal Saleh Guwayeh, 21 years old

3 – Mohammed Essam Jamal 3 years

4 – Nourhan Mohammed Jamal 6 Sinwan

5 – Gravity on tar 45 years

6 – Mohammed Saleh Ghweih, 55 years old

7 – Faiza Ahmad Nasser Al-Sanabani, 50 years old

8 – Abdulrahman Mohammed Saleh Gwayeh 22 years

9 – Tariq Abdulrahman Saleh Gwayeh 20 years

10 – Ayman Mohammed Saleh Gwayeh 25 years old

11 – Jamila Mohammed Saleh Guwayeh, 32 years old

12 – Saleh Anwar Rabah 13 years

13 – Mohammed Abdul Aziz Al – Balaysheh 18 years old

14 – Khalid Jubair Jamah, 23 years old

15 – Yousef Saleh Musleh Gwayeh 16 years old

17 – Salim Ahmed Al-Mardai, 32 years old

16 – N/A

18 – Mohammed Jalal Mohammed Saleh Gwayeh 7 years

19 – Anwar Mohammed Abdullah Almsmari 35 years

20 – Zaina Adnan Hassan Al-Sanabani 3 years

21 – Mohammed Mohammed Saleh Gwayeh 17 years

22 – Shehab Khaled Al Hadrami 10 years

23 – Mohammed Majed Nasser Ali Hassan 8 years

24 – Jamal Mohammed Saleh Gwayeh 28 years old

25 – Mohammed Abdulrahman Saleh Gwayeh 17 years

26 – Jamal Abdulrahman Saleh Gwayeh 12 years

27 – Sorour Marwan Saleh Ayed 12 years old

28 – Lamia Ali Abed Rabbo Ahmed Al Masri 8 years

29 – Rich Ammar Salah Al Masri 15 years

30 – Khadra Maqbel Salah 60 years

31 – Saleh Saleh Ahmed Salah 30 years

32 – Arwa ‘Abdraba al-Masri, 30 years old

33 – Amal Ali Abd Rabo Al Masri 40 years old

34 – Jamila Ali Abderba Al-Masri 18 years old

35 – Khadija Saleh Mohammed Al-Sayed 45 years old

36 – Ahlam Mohammed Mohammed Al Shahari 11 years

37 – Afaf Murad Al-Masri 12 years old

38 – Satisfied 50 years

39 – Reham Ammar Salah Al Masri 12 years

40 – Lady Ahmed Ali 30 years

41 – Share Ali Abdo Ahmed Shahari 35 years

42 – Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed Al-Masri 20 years

43 – Hadeel Mohammed Ahmed 11 years

STATEMENTS FROM PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT

Saudi-led Coalition (SLC)

The SLC denied involvement immediately following the airstrike, claiming:



“The coalition did not conduct any air strikes in that area. Ongoing fighting between the Houthis and other factions have been going on in that area. Not every time an explosion or an attack takes place, it is committed by the coalition. We do not target civilian areas.”

JIAT investigated the claim “that an airstrike killed at least 47 civilians and wounded 58 women and children during a wedding on 6 October [emphasis added]” and published its findings on 05/08/2016. JIAT claimed that:



“reference to the records related to the flights show that no target was bombed on the province of (Dhamar) at the date of the claim, but the evaluation team…discussed the subject of operations which targeted the same area at close dates.

It became clear that an air strike took place on 2015-10-07 on the Dhamar-Rada’a-Al-Bayda road. A group of armed vehicles…were targeted at the precise coordinates on the asphalt road and there was no targeting of civilian objects in the same area.”



It is worth noting that the wedding was actually targeted on 07/10/2015 (not 06/10/2015 as the JIAT statement claims), which is when JIAT confirms a strike did occur. JIAT said this strike targeted the same road which Building 1 is adjacent to, although based on our geolocation, the distance between the road mentioned by JIAT and Building 1 is approximately 162 meters. Furthermore, JIAT claims that a group of vehicles was targeted, it is possible that this is the same the convoy of cars that was escorting the brides and their families to the wedding location.

Houthi Government



The Houthi-aligned Yemeni Security Information Center, General Directorate of Moral Guidance and Public Relations, Ministry of Interior of Yemen published a list of casualties of the attack with names. The statement that accompanied this list blamed Saudi Arabia and stated that a wedding party had been attacked.

CONCLUSION

Taking into consideration the available open source information, it appears the most likely scenario is that on the evening of 07/10/2015 an airstrike hit Building 1 while a wedding party was taking place there. Despite JIAT denying they had targeted this wedding party, their statements appeared to contain inconsistencies.