Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott Wednesday defended his tough first budget which saw swingeing cuts to health and education spending in an attempt to slash the country's massive deficit.

The moves triggered anger and claims of broken election promises, but conservative Abbott said his administration was being upfront with the public about the state of the nation's finances.

"This budget is not about making the government popular," Abbott said.

"This budget is about doing the right thing by our country and that, in the end, is what the voters want."

The plan released Tuesday aims to bring the deficit down from its current Aus$49.9 billion (US$46.6 billion) to Aus$29.8 billion next year, with the government planning to reach a surplus around the end of the decade.

It includes federal cuts of Aus$50 billion to health funding and Aus$30 billion to education over the next 10 years, leaving state governments to pick up the slack.

A new tax will be levied on high earners while welfare and family benefits will be tightened and young people will have to wait six months before claiming unemployment benefit.

The pension age will rise to 70 by 2035 and people will have to pay a modest fee to visit the doctor, with some of the revenue raised directed towards a medical research fund.

- 'Kick in the guts' -

Abbott faced a barrage of questions in parliament about whether he had broken a pre-election promise of no new taxes as he attempted to sell the policies on Wednesday.

"This is a fundamentally honest budget," he said.

"The most fundamental commitment I made was to get the budget back under control."

The cuts to health and education have prompted a furious reaction from state governments, who now face shortfalls from the winding back of the commitments promised by the previous Labor government.

"What we saw last night from Canberra was a kick in the guts to the people of New South Wales," state Premier Mike Baird, a fellow conservative, told reporters in Sydney.

"What services would (they) like us to cut here in New South Wales on the back of the funding cuts that we've seen overnight?"

Queensland Premier Campbell Newman called for an emergency meeting of state and federal governments, saying Abbott had not been transparent about what he termed "unacceptable cuts".

Labor has vowed to vote against some of the government's decisions, including a Aus$7 payment to see the doctor and the raising of the pension age.

The party's treasury spokesman Chris Bowen said while a medical research fund was a good idea, it should not be funded by a fee charged at the doctor's door.

"It should not be funded by Australia's sick and vulnerable people," he told Sky News, adding that Labor would also oppose raising the pension age to 70.

"Not one country in the OECD has a pension age of 70," he said.

The budget also reduces foreign aid by Aus$7.9 billion over five years, shaves funding to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and makes petrol more expensive thanks to a rise in a fuel levy.

Thousands of public service jobs will go in the next three years while scores of government agencies will be abolished or amalgamated.

Question time in parliament was dominated by the budget, with Abbott forced to fend off questions about whether his promises of no new taxes amounted to deceit.

"After six years of dysfunction, the people of Australia were looking for some leadership," Abbott told parliament.

"They were looking for a government that was prepared to make not the easy decisions but the hard decisions."