a, Shown are vagal-neuron responses to 6 consecutive 10-s intestinal stimuli of alternating trials with 500 mM glucose and 500 mM MDG (stimulus delivery and timings are as described in the Methods). Each of the sample traces depicts the response from a different neuron. b, Shown are vagal-neuron responses to 5 consecutive 10-s intestinal stimuli with 500 mM glucose (stimulus delivery and timings are as described in the Methods). Each of the sample traces shows the response from a different neuron. c, Expanded time scale of responses to the 10-s 500 mM glucose stimulus from 10 s before to 10 s after termination of the stimulus. The green dashed lines indicate the initiation of the stimulus, and the blue dashed lines denote termination of the 10-s stimulus. Calcium responses are shown in solid black and exponential fits to the response latency and kinetics are shown in red. Note responses time-locked to stimulus delivery; the top two traces depict two cells from two different mice in response to glucose, and the bottom two traces depict two cells from two different mice in response to MDG; latencies varied between 3 and 6 s, and were within the 10-s stimulation window. Some cells exhibited longer latencies (see for example, heat maps in Fig. 4, Extended Data Fig. 8). We believe the cells with longer response latencies may represent intestinal glucose responders located farther down the intestinal segment, and thus would be expected to demonstrate longer latencies37. d, On average, approximately 5% of vagal neurons respond reliably to a 10-s 500 mM glucose stimulus. The histogram shows the percentage of GCaMP-expressing vagal neurons responding to the 10-s glucose stimulus. Average = 4.6 ± 0.05% (n = 4,803 neurons from 51 ganglia, mean ± s.e.m.). e, Recent findings25 have suggested that appetitive behavioural responses are elicited through stimulation of vagal terminals originating from the right nodose ganglion. Shown are heat maps depicting z-score normalized average calcium responses of individual ganglion neurons after a 60-s pulse of 500 mM glucose. We observe no differences in responses to intestinal glucose from either the left or right vagal ganglia. Also shown are example traces from different neurons from the left and right Nodose ganglion; red bars indicate the 60-s stimulus; scale bars indicate percentage maximal response.