A Twitter network supporting the Maduro regime coordinated to amplify anti-Guaidó hashtags in the aftermath of the Venezuelan National Assembly’s January 5 elections for the presidency of the legislative body.

The network, made up of 112 accounts, amplified hashtags by retweeting, replying, and mentioning each other’s posts. Their actions suggest they engaged in inauthentic behavior to make the hashtags seem more popular than they were, attempting to influence or manipulate the trending topics on Twitter. In this context, the conversations related to the January 5 National Assembly vote and, more specifically, the narratives around the opposition led by Juan Guaidó sought to prejudice the receiving audience against him and, in turn, tighten Maduro’s hold on the government.

The elections was marked by political posturing and illegal machinations by the Maduro regime. Maduro’s security forces blocked members of the opposition coalition from entering the National Assembly building to vote. As Guaidó was held outside, Luis Parra, a former opposition member ejected from the coalition on charges of corruption who is now backed by the Maduro regime, declared himself president of the National Assembly in a session that did not have the legal quorum necessary to make the vote legally binding. After that, Guaidó and other lawmakers met at the headquarters of the Venezuelan newspaper El Nacional for a legal vote, where he was reelected president of the National Assembly with 100 of 167 National Assembly representatives present and 100 votes. Guaidó’s reelection as president of the National Assembly reaffirmed his claim as interim president of Venezuela, a position for which he is recognized by more than 50 countries.

The Maduro regime implemented undemocratic tactics to delegitimize the election not only at the Assembly building, but also online. Venezuela’s state-run internet provider CANTV blocked Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Facebook Messenger, and YouTube for 2.5 hours on the morning of January 5.

In the midst of the blackout and afterward, a coordinated campaign to cause certain hashtags to trend took place, though it remains unknown what, if any, role the government played. While no government role was detected in the amplification of the hashtags, two of them were first published by Diosdado Cabello, president of the pro-Maduro Constituent National Assembly and Maduro’s second-in-command.

In total, however, the accounts undertaking the campaign posted over 19,000 tweets from January 4 to January 7, which represents 25 percent of all mentions. Twitter accounts — outside of the network — amplified Diosdado’s posts increasingly after the election day.

Inauthentic activity by pro-Maduro accounts

On Twitter, four hashtags posted during the January 5 vote in the National Assembly and over the days that followed targeted Guaidó. The hashtags #NoQueremosAWaido (“We do not want Waido”), #HastaNuncaWaido (“See you never, Waido”), TúSíEresGuaidiota (“You are indeed Guaido-fool”), and #GuaidóNoTieneLosVotos (“Guaidó does not have the votes”) reached the trending topics between January 4 and January 7. The first two hashtags aimed at instilling or even mocking — in part through using a pejorative spelling (“Waido”) of his name — the idea that Guaidó did not have popular support, while the latter is connected to a narrative pushed by the regime that claimed Guaidó did not enter the National Assembly building because he knew he did not have enough votes to be reelected. In reality, he was physically barred from entering by the military outside. In total, the hashtags garnered 77,300 mentions combined and were posted by 11,798 unique accounts.

The DFRLab identified among the 11,798 accounts a network of 112 accounts, all supporting the regime, that acted to push the hashtags. The accounts created original tweets mentioning the hashtags and amplified posts from other accounts in the network. The network acted in a coordinated way to promote an anti-Guaidó campaign on Twitter during and after the election.

The network’s inauthentic activities accounted for 25 percent of all mentions of the four hashtags, despite the accounts from the network representing less than 1 percent of the total number of accounts.