Real world Pandas: Cut and Where

I forgot to mention in the last post why this series is called Real World Pandas. The Pandas documentation is really, really great, and the examples are exactly what I would want starting out- simple foo/bar/baz type of tables that make it simple to see what transformations are happening. The goal of these blog posts is to show a few examples of "real-world" applications, similar to Wes McKinney's examples in his book. A book I highly recommend, btw- not only is the Pandas stuff great, as you would expect, but it has one of the best Python crash courses I've read, as well a great intro to IPython, Numpy, and Matplotlib. I still find myself referencing it.

Lets again pull in some data from my examples folder in the climatic repo.

import pandas as pd import numpy as np import climatic as cl walsenburg = cl . MetMast () walsenburg . wind_import ( r'CO_Walsenburg_South_Data.txt' , header_row = 0 , time_col = 0 , delimiter = ' \t ' , smart_headers = True )

Now let's generate a weibull distribution:

walsenburg . weibull ([ 'WS Mean 1' , 50.0 ])

This will generate both binned data and a continuous distribution of the WS Mean 1 signal:

Going behind the scenes again:

>>> import numpy as np #Grab wind speed column >>> ws_data = walsenburg . data [( 'WS Mean 1' , 50.0 )] #Build your range, use pd.cut to bin the data >>> ws_range = np . arange ( 0 , ws_data . max () + 1 , 1 ) >>> binned = pd . cut ( ws_data , ws_range ) #Do a simple value counts to get your histogram, then reindex to #align the bins from 0-31: >>> dist_10min = pd . value_counts ( binned ) . reindex ( binned . levels ) ( 0 , 1 ] 3650 ( 1 , 2 ] 5813 ( 2 , 3 ] 9139 ( 3 , 4 ] 10917 ( 4 , 5 ] 10648 ( 5 , 6 ] 10072 ( 6 , 7 ] 9302 ( 7 , 8 ] 8020 ( 8 , 9 ] 7105 ( 9 , 10 ] 6351 ( 10 , 11 ] 5703 ( 11 , 12 ] 4783 ( 12 , 13 ] 3954 ( 13 , 14 ] 3058 ( 14 , 15 ] 2318 ( 15 , 16 ] 1614 ( 16 , 17 ] 1074 ( 17 , 18 ] 780 ( 18 , 19 ] 544 ( 19 , 20 ] 403 ( 20 , 21 ] 274 ( 21 , 22 ] 186 ( 22 , 23 ] 133 ( 23 , 24 ] 99 ( 24 , 25 ] 75 ( 25 , 26 ] 59 ( 26 , 27 ] 27 ( 27 , 28 ] 23 ( 28 , 29 ] 9 ( 29 , 30 ] 5 ( 30 , 31 ] 2 #Counts are good, but I want to add a couple more columns. Lets #turn the series into a dataframe: >>> dist = pd . DataFrame ({ 'Binned: 10Min' : dist_10min }) #Now lets get the number of hours in each bin, and some #normalized values: >>> dist [ 'Binned: Hourly' ] = dist [ 'Binned: 10Min' ] / 6 >>> dist . fillna ( 0 ) #No data, zero hours... >>> dist [ 'Normed' ] = ( dist [ 'Binned: 10Min' ] / dist [ 'Binned: 10Min' ] . sum ()) * 100 >>> dist Binned : 10 Min Binned : Hourly Normed ( 0 , 1 ] 3650 608.333333 3.438854 ( 1 , 2 ] 5813 968.833333 5.476729 ( 2 , 3 ] 9139 1523.166667 8.610326 ( 3 , 4 ] 10917 1819.500000 10.285472 ( 4 , 5 ] 10648 1774.666667 10.032033 ( 5 , 6 ] 10072 1678.666667 9.489354 ( 6 , 7 ] 9302 1550.333333 8.763897 ( 7 , 8 ] 8020 1336.666667 7.556058 ( 8 , 9 ] 7105 1184.166667 6.693989 ( 9 , 10 ] 6351 1058.500000 5.983607 ( 10 , 11 ] 5703 950.500000 5.373092 ( 11 , 12 ] 4783 797.166667 4.506312 ( 12 , 13 ] 3954 659.000000 3.725269 ( 13 , 14 ] 3058 509.666667 2.881100 ( 14 , 15 ] 2318 386.333333 2.183908 ( 15 , 16 ] 1614 269.000000 1.520633 ( 16 , 17 ] 1074 179.000000 1.011871 ( 17 , 18 ] 780 130.000000 0.734878 ( 18 , 19 ] 544 90.666667 0.512531 ( 19 , 20 ] 403 67.166667 0.379687 ( 20 , 21 ] 274 45.666667 0.258150 ( 21 , 22 ] 186 31.000000 0.175240 ( 22 , 23 ] 133 22.166667 0.125306 ( 23 , 24 ] 99 16.500000 0.093273 ( 24 , 25 ] 75 12.500000 0.070661 ( 25 , 26 ] 59 9.833333 0.055587 ( 26 , 27 ] 27 4.500000 0.025438 ( 27 , 28 ] 23 3.833333 0.021669 ( 28 , 29 ] 9 1.500000 0.008479 ( 29 , 30 ] 5 0.833333 0.004711 ( 30 , 31 ] 2 0.333333 0.001884

In just a few lines of Pandas, we went from a pile of data to nicely binned data.

One more quick example for this week: using the .where method on a dataframe to filter for the data you want. When analyzing wind data, its very common to have a "Flag" column that indicates whether or not a datapoint should be filtered. Let's concat a new small example dataframe and make up some flags:

>>> data = pd . concat ([ walsenburg . data [ 'WS Mean 1' , 50.0 ][: 20 ], walsenburg . data [( 'WS Mean 2' , 50.0 )][: 20 ]], axis = 1 ) >>> data [ 'Flag' ] = [ random . randint ( 0 , 1 ) for x in range ( 0 , 20 , 1 )] >>> data ( WS Mean 1 , 50.0 ) ( WS Mean 2 , 50.0 ) Flag Date & Time Stamp 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 00 : 00 12.05 12.26 1 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 10 : 00 11.48 11.60 1 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 20 : 00 14.19 14.39 1 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 30 : 00 13.21 13.43 0 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 40 : 00 11.92 12.12 0 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 50 : 00 11.90 12.05 1 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 00 : 00 12.78 12.92 0 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 10 : 00 13.27 13.40 1 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 20 : 00 14.05 14.24 1 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 30 : 00 13.32 13.48 1 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 40 : 00 15.32 15.43 1 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 50 : 00 16.60 16.70 0 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 00 : 00 15.91 16.01 1 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 10 : 00 15.62 15.73 1 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 20 : 00 15.16 15.24 1 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 30 : 00 15.96 16.06 0 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 40 : 00 14.84 15.02 0 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 50 : 00 15.14 15.30 1 2010 - 06 - 01 17 : 00 : 00 14.33 14.49 0 2010 - 06 - 01 17 : 10 : 00 13.20 13.37 1

Now I want a create a new wind speed column with only rows where Flag == 0:

>>> data [ 'Flag WS 1' ] = data [( 'WS Mean 1' , 50.0 )] . where ( data [ 'Flag' ] == 0 ) >>> data ( WS Mean 1 , 50.0 ) ( WS Mean 2 , 50.0 ) Flag Flag WS 1 Date & Time Stamp 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 00 : 00 12.05 12.26 1 NaN 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 10 : 00 11.48 11.60 1 NaN 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 20 : 00 14.19 14.39 1 NaN 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 30 : 00 13.21 13.43 0 13.21 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 40 : 00 11.92 12.12 0 11.92 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 50 : 00 11.90 12.05 1 NaN 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 00 : 00 12.78 12.92 0 12.78 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 10 : 00 13.27 13.40 1 NaN 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 20 : 00 14.05 14.24 1 NaN 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 30 : 00 13.32 13.48 1 NaN 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 40 : 00 15.32 15.43 1 NaN 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 50 : 00 16.60 16.70 0 16.60 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 00 : 00 15.91 16.01 1 NaN 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 10 : 00 15.62 15.73 1 NaN 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 20 : 00 15.16 15.24 1 NaN 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 30 : 00 15.96 16.06 0 15.96 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 40 : 00 14.84 15.02 0 14.84 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 50 : 00 15.14 15.30 1 NaN 2010 - 06 - 01 17 : 00 : 00 14.33 14.49 0 14.33 2010 - 06 - 01 17 : 10 : 00 13.20 13.37 1 NaN

I also could have replaced any flagged value with another value:

>>> data [ 'Flag WS 1' ] = data [( 'WS Mean 1' , 50.0 )] . where ( data [ 'Flag' ] == 0 , - 999 ) ( WS Mean 1 , 50.0 ) ( WS Mean 2 , 50.0 ) Flag Flag WS 1 Date & Time Stamp 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 00 : 00 12.05 12.26 1 - 999.00 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 10 : 00 11.48 11.60 1 - 999.00 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 20 : 00 14.19 14.39 1 - 999.00 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 30 : 00 13.21 13.43 0 13.21 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 40 : 00 11.92 12.12 0 11.92 2010 - 06 - 01 14 : 50 : 00 11.90 12.05 1 - 999.00 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 00 : 00 12.78 12.92 0 12.78 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 10 : 00 13.27 13.40 1 - 999.00 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 20 : 00 14.05 14.24 1 - 999.00 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 30 : 00 13.32 13.48 1 - 999.00 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 40 : 00 15.32 15.43 1 - 999.00 2010 - 06 - 01 15 : 50 : 00 16.60 16.70 0 16.60 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 00 : 00 15.91 16.01 1 - 999.00 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 10 : 00 15.62 15.73 1 - 999.00 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 20 : 00 15.16 15.24 1 - 999.00 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 30 : 00 15.96 16.06 0 15.96 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 40 : 00 14.84 15.02 0 14.84 2010 - 06 - 01 16 : 50 : 00 15.14 15.30 1 - 999.00 2010 - 06 - 01 17 : 00 : 00 14.33 14.49 0 14.33 2010 - 06 - 01 17 : 10 : 00 13.20 13.37 1 - 999.00

Next week I hope to cover some ways to manipulate a MultiIndex and Panels to group data in logical and helpful ways. Thanks for reading!