National federations have been suspended from international bodies over governance issues, but the move to suspend a national federation because of doping was without precedent in track and field.

“This is a very new and uncomfortable space for sport: the family disciplining its own,” Richard Ings, a former chief executive of the Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority, said in an email. “Those cozy international sport cocktail parties will be a little icier. They aren’t used to turning on family.”

Still, it is far from certain that Russian track and field athletes will be banned from the Summer Games in August 2016. Russia will have to show compliance with WADA doping regulations to return to competition. Track and Olympics officials have said they believe Russia could meet these conditions in time to compete in the 2016 Summer Games.

Vitaly Mutko, Russia’s sports minister who has ruled out a Russian boycott of the Rio Games, expressed confidence after the vote. “Our reaction is calm; we didn’t expect anything else,” he said in remarks reported by Reuters. “This suspension is temporary. A special commission still has to get to the bottom of everything. I’m sure that everything can still be fixed.”

Image Sebastian Coe, the president of the I.A.A.F., in London. “This has been a shameful wake-up call,” he said. Credit... Frank Augstein/Associated Press

But Coe, speaking to reporters in London after the vote, took a hard line. “We will get the change that we want and only then will Russian athletes be able to return to international competitions,” he said. “It is entirely up to the Russian federation and Russia to enact those changes. Our verification team will be tough.”

Russia has disputed much of the WADA report, but on Friday it promised to take steps to improve its doping controls. Russia had far more drug violations than any other country in 2013 — 225, or 12 percent of all violations globally, according to data from WADA. About a fifth involved track and field athletes.