A South Korean Buddhist monk is in critical condition after setting himself on fire to protest the country’s settlement with Japan on compensation for wartime sex slaves.

The 64-year-old monk suffered third-degree burns across his body and serious damage to vital organs. He is unconscious and unable to breathe on his own, said an official from the Seoul National University Hospital, who did not want to be named, citing office rules.

The man set himself ablaze late on Saturday during a large rally in Seoul calling for the ousting of impeached President Park Geun-hye, police said. In his notebook, the man called Park a “traitor” over her government’s 2015 agreement with Japan that sought to settle a long-standing row over South Korean women who were forced into sexual slavery by Japan’s World War II military, police said.

Under the agreement, Japan pledged to fund a Seoul-based foundation that was set up to help support the victims. South Korea, in exchange, vowed to refrain from criticising Japan over the issue and try to resolve the Japanese grievance over a bronze statue representing wartime sex slaves in front of its embassy in Seoul.

The agreement has so far come short of bringing a closure to the emotional issue. The deal continues to be criticised in South Korea because it was reached without approval from victims, and students have been holding sit-in protests next to the Seoul statue for more than a year over fears that the government might try to remove it.

On Friday, the Japanese government reacted angrily to the placing of a similar statue in front of its consulate in the city of Busan, announcing a recall of its ambassador to South Korea and suspension of economic talks.

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe urged South Korea to remove the statues and implement the 2015 agreement.

“It has been mutually confirmed that this is a final and irreversible agreement. Japan has sincerely fulfilled its obligation,” Abe said on a NHK news talk show aired Sunday. He said that Japan had already paid 1 billion yen ($8.5 million) in compensation.

“Next, I think South Korea must firmly show its sincerity,” he said, adding that the agreement should be implemented regardless of leadership change as a “matter of credibility”.