British Muslims fear the Government is fighting a “Cold War” against their faith which could result in an increase in extremist radicalisation, a former Conservative minister has warned.

Sayeeda Warsi, who was Britain’s most senior Muslim minister until she resigned last year, told The Independent that plans to crack down on so-called non-violent extremism announced earlier this week could be counter-productive and alienate mainstream Muslims from British society.

She warned that the new policy must be “applied consistently across all communities” and include “all forms of extremism” without criminalising thought.

Significantly, Baroness Warsi’s stance has been backed by the think-tank Quilliam, which has advised the Home Secretary Theresa May on anti-extremism policies.

Haras Rafiq, the organisation’s Managing Director, said the Government’s new policy risked leaving the Muslim community feeling disenfranchised.

“If you try and ban someone with ideas that you and I would disagree with, that only leads to other people feeling disenfranchised and those ideas just ferment,” he said.

Baroness Warsi said while it was still far from clear what the Government’s definition of non-violent extremism was, there were worrying signs that the strategy was being seen as an attack on the Muslim community itself.

She pointed out that other faith groups often held beliefs that could be deemed to be extreme but did not appear to be a target of Government action. “The test will be whether this is a genuine attempt to deal with extremism in all its forms, as opposed to the current perception that it is a Cold War against British Muslims,” she said.