We’re off to a hot start in 2020, with January setting a new mark as the warmest instance of that month on record for the globe. And as NOAA pointed out in its monthly summary released Thursday, that occurred without the warming influence of an El Niño in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, where conditions remain neutral.

Few places around the world had a cool month, with much of India and Alaska/Western Canada providing exceptions. Europe through to northern Asia was particularly warm, and January ranked fifth warmest over the contiguous US. This was largely due to remarkably tight circulation of the “polar vortex,” which helped keep Arctic air bottled up north of the mid-latitudes.

For the US, the weather pattern was dominated by an area of low pressure around Alaska and high pressure off the coast of California. Alaska and western Canada stayed colder in this pattern, which also funneled moisture over the Pacific Northwest while keeping the US Southwest dry. In the middle of the month, the low pressure shifted east for a bit, bringing just enough cool air over the central US to produce a fair bit of precipitation.

NOAA

NOAA

NOAA

NOAA

NOAA

As a result, drought conditions eased a bit in the Pacific Northwest but continued in the Four Corners region. California was also pushed into drought status, and drought intensified even further in parts of southern Texas.

NOAA put a spotlight on the Great Lakes this month, which are seeing record high water levels. After the wettest year on record last year, January was warm and wet enough to keep water levels high—about 15-30cm (0.5 to 1 ft.) above average. Combined with very low lake ice coverage, this has led to hundreds of millions of dollars of damage along shorelines as storms produced impressive waves. On January 10 and 11, for example, waves as high as 22 feet walloped the shores of Lake Michigan between Chicago and Milwaukee.

Yes, MAM

Based on historical trends and forecasts for slow-moving patterns, NOAA can also provide a general outlook for the coming spring months of March, April, and May. (That’s MAM in ain’t-nobody-got-time-for-words climatological parlance.) One big factor is the El Niño/La Niña oscillation in the Pacific, where models are still showing a continuation of the neutral conditions that have been around for about a year now.

In the next month, the patterns in the Pacific are likely to set up high pressure over the US West and low pressure over the East. That would mean warmer and drier weather around California (perhaps helped along by low snowpack in the Sierra Nevada) but cooler weather in the Southeast.

NOAA

NOAA

NOAA

NOAA

NOAA

Further out, models are pointing to above-average temperatures for much of the US, although cooler air could dip down into the Northern Plains. And because sea ice is retreating earlier as the world warms, Alaska is a good bet for above-average spring temperatures. The precipitation outlook, meanwhile, doesn’t look too encouraging for either the regions in drought or the flooding in Mississippi, with drier weather in the Southwest and more precipitation favored for the eastern half of the US.

At least, that’s the way the odds are leaning. Late spring is a particularly tricky season to forecast, so you can still cross your fingers if you’re hoping for something other than the picture shown here.