We define open exchanges as public RTB auctions that are open to all buyers and sellers. A PMP is defined as an auction run by a single publisher or a small group of publishers and open only to select buyers.

Buyers and sellers have both contributed to the surge in PMPs. Publishers have demanded more control over what ads run on their websites and how their audience data is being used. Advertisers have become distrustful of open exchanges and demanded better access to premium inventory. These trends have resulted in more PMP deals, which offer advertisers and publishers a greater ability to negotiate price and data terms than do open exchanges.

“Whereas programmatic was first thought to obviate the need for buyer-seller relationships, this trend indicates that one-to-one agreements and conversations are only increasing in importance—and it emphasizes that programmatic has become so much more than just open market, real-time buying,” eMarketer principal analyst Lauren Fisher wrote in our recent “US Programmatic Ad Spending Forecast 2019” report. “For publishers, this opens up new opportunities to identify programmatic advertisers ripe for bigger deals and commitments. And for buyers, this means greater emphasis on building stronger relationships.”

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