Choppy graphics, lagging audio, slow load times all contribute to a bad time, and maybe your budget doesn't allow for new hardware. But you might not even need new hardware to get a better experience! Starting with some easier tips and moving onto some more complicated stuff, here's how to eke the most performance out of your existing hardware.

Low frames per second (FPS) while PC gaming is your worst enemy. In VR, whether with Windows Mixed Reality (WMR), Valve Index , an Oculus Rift S , or even an Oculus Quest , it can also be literally sickening. What better reason to give your old hardware some care and keep it performing up-to-snuff for another few months?

Clean out your case

Removing the cover to your PC's case can sometimes be a very frightening ordeal, especially if you're a pet owner. All the dust and hair that collects in corners also collects near your PC and gets blown in when your fans are running.

Dust and hair in your PC case aren't just unwanted — they can lead to increased temperatures in all your hardware, and it will thus slow things down. Your PC isn't like your car's engine; it doesn't run better when hot.

Using a can of compressed air is generally the best way of removing loose dust and hair from the case. Ensure you're not too aggressive with the air as you don't want to knock anything loose — a better method of removing caked-on dust (e.g. on your fan blades) is to use a cotton swab.

Update your operating system

Using an outdated version of, say, Windows, can lead to decreased PC performance. Applications designed for a certain operating system (OS) version won't work their best, and malware can find its way through easier on an OS that isn't updated with the latest security measures.

Here's how to search for available updates in Windows 10:

Click the Search Windows field in your taskbar. Type update. Click Check for updates. Click the Check for updates button in the Settings window.

Any available updates for Windows 10 will begin to download automatically.

Graphics card drivers are generally designed for the latest build of Windows, so if you update one you'll want to update the other.

Update your graphics card drivers

Drivers are what allow your hardware to speak to your operating system. Imagine your graphics card (GPU) is speaking Mandarin while your OS is speaking English; there is a chance for confusion if an able translator — the driver — isn't around.

Nvidia and AMD, the two big GPU makers that makes the best graphics cards around, update their drivers regularly, and especially when new games are released. If you're experiencing some sub-optimal graphics, definitely check out Nvidia's GeForce Experience app or AMD's Gaming Evolved app.

To update drivers in GeForce Experience, follow these steps:

Click the Search Windows field in your taskbar. Type GeForce. Click GeForce Experience. Click the Drivers tab at the top of the window. Click either Express installation or Custom installation depending on your preference.

Nvidia will take things over from here if you choose Express installation — you will be able to choose your own settings if you choose Custom installation. AMD's Gaming Evolved app works very much the same and is equally easy to use.

Purge and defragment your hard drive

Hard disk drives (HDD) might be an older type of storage technology, but they're still equipped with some new computers. Since hard drives utilize a physical platter (which looks like a disc) and a needle to read the data on the platters (not too dissimilar from a record player), they require different techniques to care for and get the best performance out of when compared to a Solid State Drive (SSD).

Having a PC full of old, unused apps, temporary internet files, cookies, and cached images can slow things to a grind.

Using the Programs and Features tool in Windows 10 is an easy way to remove unwanted apps:

Right-click the Start button. Click Apps and Features. Click any app you want to remove. Click Uninstall near the top of the window.

The app will be uninstalled cleanly. If you want to remove temporary internet files, cached files, and other junk, use Disk Cleanup:

Click the Search Windows field in your taskbar. Type disk. Click Disk Cleanup. Click the dropdown arrow to choose which disk to clean. Click OK. Check off any items you want to delete. Click OK. Click Delete Files to permanently remove the files from your computer.

When files are written to a hard disk drive (HDD), they sometimes get partially written in a bunch of different spots. Your OS has to search different places to access a whole file, slowing things down. If you have an HDD rather than a solid state drive (SSD), you can use the Windows 10 defragment tool to put files back together and thus access them much faster.

Click the Search Windows field in your taskbar. Type defrag. Click Defragment and Optimize Drives. Click the drive you want to defrag. Click Optimize.

The defrag tool will take over from this point. Note that you may experience decreased performance while the tool is running.

Enable TRIM on your SSD

TRIM is the garbage collector of your solid-state drive and is a good alternative to a hard-disk drive defrag. Here's how to enable TRIM:

Click the Search Windows field. Type cmd. Right-click Command Prompt. Click Run as administrator. Type fsutil behavior query DisableDeleteNotify and hit Enter on your keyboard. If the result is DisableDeleteNotify = 0 you already have TRIM enabled. If the result is DisableDeleteNotify = 1, you don't have TRIM enabled. Proceed to the next step. Type fsutil behavior set DisableDeleteNotify 0 and hit Enter on your keyboard to enable TRIM.

Some SSD brands, such as Samsung, work with special software that will also help get the best performance out of your SSD. Samsung Magician and Western Digital SSD Dashboard are two such options that will help you get the best performance out of your SSD with little effort on your part. Check your SSD manufacturer's website to see if they have special software that will help in this regard.

Optimize your graphics with GeForce or AMD software

Nvidia and AMD come with some great apps that let you optimize settings for optimal in-game performance. They also take some of the guesswork out of the sometimes intimidating settings menus found in blockbuster titles.

Here's how to optimize settings in the Nvidia GeForce app:

Click the Search Windows field in your taskbar. Type GeForce Experience and hit Enter on your keyboard. Click the More button near the top-right corner of the window. Click Optimize all games.

Nvidia will automatically change the in-game settings to best suit your hardware. AMD's Gaming Evolved app works very much the same way and is equally easy to use.

Change your power plan

Windows 10 has some built-in power options that help balance your PC against energy use and performance. If you don't mind burning a bit more energy, you can set your power plan to high performance:

Click the Search Windows field next to the Start button, or just click the Start button itself. Type power options. Click Power Options. Click the drop-down arrow next to Show additional plans. Click High performance.

Change your virtual memory page file

If your PC is low on RAM, it can utilize a special file on your computer that acts as virtual RAM. This is known as a page file. Page files should not be set to more than 1.5 times more than the total amount of RAM in your PC. The faster your hard drive or solid state drive is, the more effective a page file will be.

Click the Search Windows field. Type Control Panel and hit Enter on your keyboard. Click System. Click Advanced system settings. Click Settings in the Performance field. Click the Advanced tab. Click Change. Click the checkmark beside Automatically manage paging file size for all drives. Click Custom size. Click the Initial size (MB) field. Type 8192 on your keyboard. This will create an 8GB page file. Click the Maximum size (MB) field. Type 8192 on your keyboard. This will keep your page file from growing larger than 8GB. Click Set. Click OK.

You want to make sure you set all other drives in your PC to No paging file unless you want to record Error info. In this case, leave your C: drive (if this isn't your main paging file drive) with about 300MB.

Make some changes in your registry

Warning: Performing registry edits can cause serious problems with your PC. Proceed at your own risk. Always make a backup of your PC before editing the registry.

How to make a full backup of your Windows 10 PC

The multimedia class scheduler is used by some games to ensure background processes can have enough processing power to keep running efficiently, but you want full power toward gaming! Here's how to change the class scheduler to give games the most processing power possible:

Hit Windows key + R on your keyboard to bring up the Run window. Type regedit and hit Enter on your keyboard. Double-click HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE. Double-click SOFTWARE. Double-click Microsoft. Double-click Windows NT. Double-click CurrentVersion. Double-click Multimedia. Click SystemProfile. Right-click SystemResponsiveness. Click Modify. Type 0 on your keyboard. Click OK.

You can also set the priority of games above other processes in your PC to ensure your games are running as good as possible. Here's how to do it:

Hit Windows key + R on your keyboard to bring up the Run window. Type regedit and hit Enter on your keyboard. Double-click HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE. Double-click SOFTWARE. Double-click Microsoft. Double-click Windows NT. Double-click CurrentVersion. Double-click Multimedia. Double-click SystemProfile. Double-click Tasks. Click Games. Right-click GPU Priority. Click Modify. Type 8 on your keyboard. Click OK. Right-click Priority. Click Modify. Type 6 on your keyboard. Click OK. Right-click Scheduling Category. Click Modify. Type High on your keyboard. Click OK.

Solid-state drive users: disable hibernate

Hibernate allows hard-disk drives to load apps faster and is unneeded if you use a solid-state drive. Here's how to disable it:

Click the Search Windows field. Type cmd. Right-click Command Prompt. Click Run as administrator. Type powercfg -h off and hit Enter on your keyboard.

Get rid of unnecessary Windows animations

Moving windows, opening the Start menu, and many other motions have visual effects that can, in some cases, slow down your computer's performance. Here's how to disable animations:

Click the Search Windows field. Type performance. Click Adjust the appearance and performance of Windows. Click any animations you'd like to disable. The check disappears when it's disabled. Click Apply. Click OK.

Enable smooth motion in SteamVR for Valve Index and HTC Vive

While Oculus' software automatically enables motion smoothing and gives no obvious way of turning it off, SteamVR offers a similar setting for supported headsets like the HTC Vive family and the Valve Index that may not be enabled by default. You'll want to make sure this is on if you've got one of these headsets, as it can help smooth out motion even when frame rates are low.