Anheuser-Busch InBev NV is shuffling the leadership of its North American business, putting another company veteran from Brazil in charge of the largest U.S. brewer as it struggles to end a long slump in sales of Budweiser and Bud Light.

Michel Doukeris, chief sales officer for the global brewer, will take the helm of the U.S. subsidiary, Anheuser-Busch, on Jan. 1, succeeding João Castro Neves, who has run the division since 2015. Mr. Castro Neves, 50 years old, is leaving after 22 years at the company “to pursue other opportunities,” AB InBev said.

The shake-up includes a handful of other executive changes, including the promotion of a PepsiCo Inc. alum and former U.S. intelligence officer, Brendan Whitworth, to vice president of sales for North America, succeeding Brazilian Alex Medicis.

AB InBev’s sales in the U.S. have fallen as Americans shift away from domestic lagers toward craft beers, Mexican imports, wine and spirits. The company’s share of the U.S. beer market, its largest, fell to 44.1% in 2016 from 50.6% in 2008, according to research firm Euromonitor International. That slide has continued this year, especially for its biggest seller, Bud Light.

The management changes mark a new phase for the company’s U.S. operations, said Carlos Brito, chief executive of the Belgium-based behemoth. The first phase, after InBev’s 2008 takeover of Anheuser-Busch, was aimed at cutting costs and paying off debt. The second focused on expanding the portfolio with craft beers and growing higher-end brands such as Stella Artois and Michelob Ultra, Mr. Brito said.