The longdesc lottery

Let's talk about the longdesc attribute. In HTML 4, it's defined as a pointer to a long description for a complex image. Anyone can learn how to write a good long description. There's only one problem: virtually no one bothers, and virtually everyone who does bother gets it wrong.

Let's quantify that. In August 2007, Ian Hickson analyzed a sample of 1 billion <img> elements in Google's index. Approximately 1.3 million (0.13%) had a longdesc attribute. That's OK, you say, not every image needs a longdesc attribute. And you would be right. But regardless of whether it's needed or not, it's not being used that often: just over one in a thousand images.

Now let's look at how often the longdesc attribute is actually used correctly. Of course this is a more subjective question, but we can spot some obvious errors. Out of those 1.3 million images with a longdesc attribute, let's subtract the ones where the longdesc attribute...

is blank

is not a valid URL

points to the image itself (i.e. the same URL as the src attribute)

attribute) points to the page you're already on

points to the root level of another domain

is the same as a parent link's href attribute (i.e. the longdesc is redundant because you could just follow the image link instead)

That knocks out a whopping 1.25 million (about 96%) right off the bat. That's not 96% of all the images on the web; that's 96% of the 0.13% of images that included a longdesc attribute in the first place. And when you take a closer look at the remaining 50,000 (4% of 1.3 million), the results get even worse: links to other images, links gone 404, links to one-line text descriptions identical to the alt attribute, and links to pages that describe the image size but not its contents (Wikipedia, I'm looking at you). Extrapolating back to 1.3 million, that 50,000 shrinks to about 10,000. That means that less than 1% of images that provide a longdesc attribute are actually useful. No more than one in a hundred get it right, of one in a thousand that even try.

Meanwhile, the very people advocating for keeping the longdesc attribute have recently conducted some user testing. That is, testing how well an actual blind person with an actual screen reader can read actual web pages. It turned out that the test subject didn't know that longdesc even existed before the tester told him about it. Can you blame him? 99.87% of the images he'd ever encountered had no longdesc attribute at all. Even if he had known about it, and he had actually stumbled across one, he would still be up against 99 to 1 odds that following it would be worth his time. He has a better chance of winning the lottery.