It’s a thought that’s probably crossed the mind of more than one driver sweating downtown while waiting for a light to change: Man, commuting in Toronto has to be the worst in the world.

Well, we missed that dubious honour by five cities, a new study claims, but apparently we are the worst North American city to commute in.

The study, put out by Expert Market, a U.K.-based comparison site, says that out of 74 cities worldwide Toronto is the sixth worst place to travel in if you need to get to work on time.

You’ll find it much more pleasant to get around in Nice, France, or Cuenca, Ecuador — which nabbed first and second place respectively — than to attempt a trip down Yonge St. during rush hour. But how did Toronto end up so low in the rankings?

The study looked at 74 cities in 16 countries, selecting only those with populations of more than 300,000, and used data from the Moovit Public Transport Index, which claims to have 170 million riders worldwide reporting on the commuting experience in their cities.

The Expert Market study used Moovit data to tally the average time people spent commuting each day; the average time spent waiting for a bus or train; the average journey distance and the percentage of commuters who make at least one transfer to another type of transit vehicle as part of one journey.

In Toronto, commuters spend on average 96 minutes commuting, 14 minutes waiting for a bus or train, and have an average journey distance of 10 kilometres, the study says. Seventy-three per cent of commuters in Toronto have to switch vehicles at least once on a single journey.

The study also drew on data from the Numbeo Cost of Living Index to weigh the average cost of monthly travel cards against average monthly salaries for people in the respective cities. The cost of a monthly travel card in Toronto is judged to be 6.5 per cent of a monthly salary, but it’s not clear whether this refers only to monthly Metro passes or whether other types of passes, such as Presto cards, were taken into account.

The final part of the study was on traffic congestion, using data from INRIX Global Traffic Scorecard. Over 240 commuting days, the average number of hours spent in congestion in Toronto was tallied to be 47.

Depending on individual priorities, commuters may agree or disagree with Toronto’s placement on the list.

The final list is weighted, with the cost of commuting and the time spent waiting judged by the study creators as the most important factors. Toronto didn’t actually do so badly in some sections — first place Nice has a wait time for buses or trains of 13 minutes, for instance, only one minute less than Toronto’s — but things such as journey distance and time spent commuting may have contributed to the city’s overall score.

Toronto is listed as having one of the longest average commute times of all of the cities included. Only Bogota, Colombia, exceeds it at 97 minutes.

While the study says that commuting in Toronto isn’t as bad as in Bogota or Brazil’s Rio de Janeiro, it placed far below the other three Canadian cities included in the study: Vancouver came out on top for Canadian cities, in 33rd place overall. Ottawa and Montreal were at 38 and 46, respectively, leaving Toronto at 69.

The study doesn’t take into account commuter concerns such as pedestrian and cyclist deaths on the roads, concerns that have skyrocketed recently in Toronto.

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Toronto has had roads in the top 10 of the CAA list of Ontario’s Worst Roads every year, but it’s also home to a transit system that was named outstanding public transit system of the year in June of 2017 by the American Public Transportation Association.

Complaining about transit in Toronto is a time-honoured tradition for commuters. Whether this city truly is the sixth worst in the world and the worst in all of North America is another question to be added to the debate.