This time, the political context could hardly be more different. With Mr. Johnson commanding a hefty majority, his plan to leave the European Union will sail through. He is now shifting attention to what he calls the “people’s priorities” — spending on health care, education and law and order. The queen’s speech was designed to start delivering on his campaign promises.

Among them is a pledge to channel more money into the increasingly beleaguered National Health Service. The government enshrined in law Mr. Johnson’s election promise to increase funding of the health service by 33.9 billion pounds, or about $43 billion, by the fiscal year covering 2023 and 2024.

The government said it would set up a Royal Commission to review the criminal justice system and pass new espionage legislation to help law enforcement agencies cope with hostile state actors and domestic threats.

It also promised a tougher stand on crime, increasing sentences for violent and sexual offenders and requiring those convicted of the worst offenses, including terrorism, to serve more of their sentences.

During the final days of the campaign, Britain was rattled by a stabbing attack near London Bridge that killed two people, as well as the assailant, an Islamic extremist who had been released from prison. The police classified it as an act of terrorism, and it prompted a debate over sentencing for extremists.

Mr. Johnson is taking aim at the court that ruled against him for suspending Parliament. He plans to review the powers of the nation’s top judges through a new Constitution, Democracy and Rights Commission. And having bridled under an act of Parliament that makes it hard for prime ministers to call a general election at a time of their choosing, he is now moving to scrap it.

“This is not a program for one year or one Parliament,” Mr. Johnson declared in the House of Commons “It is a blueprint for the future of Britain.”