The fight is not just limited to France. Silicon Valley’s tech giants are a target for much of Europe. Last summer, the European Commission unveiled a proposal to significantly revamp how the companies are taxed in the 28-nation European Union.

Many American companies have been increasingly alarmed by the potential proliferation of digital taxes across Europe and other wealthy nations. On Tuesday, Mr. Mnuchin said in an interview with The Wall Street Journal that Britain and Italy could also face tariffs if they imposed digital taxes.

The attempt to prevent global companies from avoiding taxes has intensified a fight between the United States and Europe, as policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic spar over efforts to impose new taxes on foreign firms.

France drew special scorn from Mr. Trump after officials announced plans to impose a 3 percent tax starting Jan. 1 on the revenues that companies earn from providing digital services to French users. The government estimated a windfall of 500 million euros (about $563 million).

Mr. Trump insisted that only the United States could tax American-based companies, and threatened to retaliate with American tariffs of up to 100 percent on French wine, cheese, handbags and more.

On Tuesday, Mr. Le Maire signaled that France would take a step back from the dispute by offering to postpone collection of the tax until the end of 2020, giving time for negotiators at the O.E.C.D., an intergovernmental economic organization with 36 member countries, to reach an agreement on a broader framework to tax digital firms.

The O.E.C.D.’s original proposal, released late last year, would allow countries to tax large multinationals even if they did not operate inside their borders. It suggests companies should pay taxes largely based on where their sales occur.