WASHINGTON — President Trump is cheerleading his way past the economic warning signs that have rattled financial markets and unnerved economists, insisting that the United States has an advantage in a crucial first round of trade negotiations beginning on Monday in Beijing.

It helps his case that the Labor Department published a jobs report for December that soared past expectations. “China’s not doing very well now,” Mr. Trump said in a news conference at the White House, hours after the report came out on Friday. “It puts us in a very strong position. We are doing very well.”

Mr. Trump is correct about China’s economy, which by several measures appears to be hobbled by American tariffs on $250 billion worth of Chinese imports. But the president’s confidence about the domestic economy largely ignores what others see as looming threats, including damage from a protracted federal government shutdown, the waning effects of Mr. Trump’s $1.5 trillion tax cut and contagion from China’s pain to American companies, farmers and consumers, Friday’s data notwithstanding.

Chinese officials appear set to offer a mix of concessions, including reducing some tariffs on American goods, as they try to defuse trade tensions ahead of a March 2 deadline, when tariffs on $200 billion worth of imports will increase to 25 percent from 10 percent. An American delegation of midlevel trade officials will begin two days of talks with their counterparts on Monday in Beijing, led by Jeffrey Gerrish, the deputy United States trade representative, and David Malpass, the Treasury Department’s under secretary for international affairs.