Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Parents said they spent hundreds of pounds per child on their school uniform

It's the time of year when many parents are buying their children's school uniform, which some say can cost more than £200. What can they do to make it cheaper?

The cost of school uniform

Research by market analysts Mintel suggests British parents spend about £1.2bn on clothing and equipment for school.

The Department for Education (DfE) asked 1,183 parents about uniform costs in 2015 and found it came to almost £213 per child. Adjusting its figures for inflation, it would make the average cost of uniform in 2019 almost £230 per pupil.

Getty Cost of school uniform What parents recalled spending £230Average spend on uniform (excluding PE kit) £259 Secondary school girl

£249 Secondary school boy

£217 Primary school girl

£207Primary school boy Source: DfE survey of 1,183 parents in 2015, figures adjusted for inflation

Adding in PE kit, the parents surveyed spent the equivalent to £70 more for primary school children and between £111 and £140 extra for those of secondary school age.

The results were based on parents' memories of how much they had spent during the school year.

Separate estimates from The Children's Society in 2018 put the total cost of uniform at £256 per primary school child and £338 per secondary school pupil.

How to cut the cost: Online swaps

Image copyright Yvonne Hall Image caption Yvonne Hall created a swap group after experiencing the "huge expense" of buying uniforms

One way of cutting the cost is to swap uniform with other parents. Thousands of people are members of social media groups that do this.

Yvonne Hall, 38, from Stockton-on-Tees, set up a Facebook group for parents to donate used school uniforms.

Her 16-year-old son changed schools in the first term of last year and Mrs Hall said she found herself with "another hefty uniform bill" of about £100 on top of the cost of the old uniform.

"I decided to donate the brand new uniform my son had only worn for a week on Facebook and it was snapped up instantly," she said.

The page now has parents sharing uniforms, PE kits and revision guides.

A sample of 100 Facebook groups set up in Britain and containing the words "school uniform" and "swap" or "free" showed they had 34,110 members between them, an average of more than 340 each.

Does it have to be a new uniform?

Image caption At a recent uniform swap Kate France said thousands of donated pieces of uniform had been washed, ironed and repaired for about families to re-use

Kate France wants to challenge what she calls the UK's culture of "always buying new" school uniforms.

She set up the charity Uniform Exchange in Huddersfield in 2011 to help families who were struggling with the cost of basics items, but now says the project is also about reducing waste.

"If anything has got life left in it then we should be recycling," she said. "By the time my kids get home in the evening, their uniform is covered in pen or mud.

"Any school uniform will look second hand by the end of the first week."

What help is available?

Some councils or schools offer financial support.

In England schools can use the funding they get from the DfE's pupil premium - money allocated for children from poorer backgrounds, or who are or have been looked after under local authority care.

Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Councils say they are finding it "increasingly difficult" to help parents with uniform costs

Hackney Council spent £72,300 on school uniform grants in 2018-19. Manchester City Council spent £208,529 on school uniform grants in 2014-15 but stopped offering them the following year.

A spokesman for the Local Government Association said funding cuts from central government had resulted in councils finding it "increasingly difficult" to provide grants for school uniforms.

In Scotland families can apply for a £100 grant in the same way they apply for free school meals.

From September families in Wales can apply for a £125 Pupil Development Grant, which comes alongside advice to schools to have gender neutral uniforms and minimal branding.

In Northern Ireland funding varies from £35.75 to £56 depending on the age of the child.

Is uniform cheaper in the supermarket?

The BBC compared school clothing on the websites of four large UK supermarkets and found the average prices were about £58 less for a primary school uniform and £118 less for a secondary school uniform than in the government's survey of parents.

The saving is likely to be higher as the analysis is based only on buying one of each item, excluding any spares parents would typically purchase.

It also depends on whether schools would permit parents to use supermarket uniform or whether they have to have items with the school's logo.

Can school uniform be cheaper? Difference (£) between average cost of uniform in supermarkets and government estimates

What do suppliers say?

Suppliers of school uniforms said their costs were lower than the estimates in the government's survey.

A spokeswoman for Price and Buckland said uniforms should be affordable for everyone, adding: "We work with some schools that offer pupil premium and offer vouchers to parents to support them with purchasing uniform."

Michael Franklin from National School Uniforms said supermarket clothing, while cheaper, was generally "far inferior to the norm", with bespoke items lasting "three times as long".

Carolyn Budding from YourSchoolUniform.com said schools should take out contracts with single suppliers, who could "offer more competitive prices".

"This is contrary to government advice to schools to offer a choice of suppliers," she said.

What is the government doing?

Image caption MP Emma Hardy wants parents to be allowed to buy uniform from any shop

Emma Hardy, Labour MP for West Hull and Hessle and a former primary school teacher, said schools needed to "poverty proof" their uniform policies and remove the need for clothing with school branding so they could be bought "from any shop".

"I think if you can make uniform more accessible parents can make it just as smart as if it's been bought from a specific school retailer," she said.

A Department for Education spokeswoman said: "Our guidance states that schools should prioritise cost when setting uniform policies, including making sure uniforms are easily available at different outlets, and keeping compulsory branded items to a minimum.

"We have been clear that when there is a suitable time in Parliament, we intend to make this guidance statutory."