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The Walnut Creek CD has a number of images on it from the 1980s and this article displays a selection of the Commodore C64 images that can be found on the CD. The quality of some of these pictures is ... Read More

The Walnut Creek CD has lots of images on it from the 1980s and this article displays a selection of the .RLE images that can be found on the CD. Where there are duplicates they are only shown once. .... Read More

CP/M is by default a text-only affair. However, many of the machines that can run CP/M have hardware that would allow them to display graphics. As BBSing started to grow so too did the distribution o... Read More

The VIC-20 introduced many people into the world of BBSing, but only a few of the many terminal programs that were available for the Vic have survived. They each have their own pros and cons and here ... Read More

I have created a SUBLEQ Virtual Machine for the Commodore VIC-20. SUBLEQ is a computer architecture that has only one instruction: SUBLEQ. The instruction stands for SUbtract and Branch if Less than ... Read More

SUBLEQ has to be one of the easiest architectures to implement in either software or hardware and this is the main reason for its design as a teaching aid. It has only one instruction, hence why it is... Read More

As soon as you pick up this coffee table style book you know that you're in for a treat. A quick flick through reveals page after page of beautiful photos accompanied by well layed out text descr... Read More

Mouse is an interpreted stack orientated language designed by Peter Grogono around 1975. It was designed to be a small but powerful language for microcomputers, similar to Forth, but much simpler. On... Read More

Sweet 16 was created by Steve Wozniak to reduce code size and make it easier to handle 16-bit pointers and arithmetic for his Apple Integer BASIC. He wrote it around 1977 and referred to it in an arti... Read More

If we are writing 6502 machine code and want to to create a routine or program that can be placed in any location then we have to create Position Independent Code (PIC) or make the code relocatable. H... Read More

To make machine language programs more friendly it's nice to add a Basic stub which contains a line with a SYS statement to start the code. This is easy to do on the VIC-20 and the process gives you a... Read More

I quite enjoy designing machine language routines on paper and then hand assembling them. For many people this would have been their only option until they got a more advanced machine language monitor... Read More

When programming using machine code there are a few useful aids that can make it easier to do. I have created a couple of tables for the 6502 that can make the process easier. They are based on table... Read More

petcat is a utility provided with the VICE Commodore emulator that you can use to convert Basic source code contained in ASCII text files to .PRG files or vice versa. It is also able to convert ASCII ... Read More

To make the most of the limited amount of memory on the VIC-20, we can increase and decrease the screen size depending on our program's priorities and what we want to achieve. If we increase the size ... Read More

The VIC-20's VIC chip provides a simple yet flexible video display and one of the features that can be quite useful is the ability to alter the picture origin on the screen. This feature allows us to ... Read More

I recently came across an interesting program called DABAR to drill Hebrew vocabulary. The program works in a similar way to flash cards, by displaying a word in Hebrew and then asking for its English... Read More

The VIC-20 had a number a spreadsheet programs released for it which despite the limited resources of the Vic could actually be quite usable. The two best known are SimpliCalc and PractiCalc, but ther... Read More

There are a number of programs that allow you to use 40 columns of text from Basic on a Commodore VIC-20. This can be useful as by default the Vic's screen is 22 columns by 23 rows. They are supplied... Read More

My favourite traditional board game is Backgammon and the best version I have found for CP/M is The Peelgrunt Game of Gammon IV, v2.0 released 1st April 1986 by David C. Oshel. It is available on the ... Read More

There are lots of great alternatives to the standard CP/M DIR command, which add extra functionality and combine features that normally have to be accessed through other CP/M commands such as STAT or S... Read More

Mission: Impossible simulates a foreign espionage mission based on the TV series. Your mission, should you decide to accept it, is to recover the objects or person taken by enemy agents and hidden in ... Read More

Hunt The Wumpus was created by Gregory Yob in 1973 after seeing some of the hide and seek style games distributed by the People's Computer Company. Games such as Hurkle, Snark and Mugwump were all ba... Read More

CP/M helped provide a consistent console interface for the user by supporting a number of standard control characters through the BDOS console functions. This was great for the user and made life much... Read More

Using Vice to emulate a Commodore 128 running CP/M works very well, but it isn't easy to get CP/M files directly onto and off a .D64/.D71 disk image. The easiest way to do this under Linux is to use c... Read More

z80pack is great for creating an emulated CP/M system. It can either be used to create a general CP/M system or can emulate a specific system such as an IMSAI or ALTAIR including a graphical front-pan... Read More

Instrument Flight Simulator is a text mode flight simulator for CP/M which uses standard ASCII characters to display an instrument panel for the plane. The aim of the game is to land the aircraft safe... Read More

CP/M has a number of interactive file managers that can be used to make it easier to handle common file operations rather than using the command line driven commands supplied with CP/M such as: DIR, ER... Read More

In 1979 the University of Tennessee/Knoxville's Computer Science Department released Felix v2.1 for CP/M, which is available on the Walnut Creek CD. It aimed to provide a basis for computer animation ... Read More

CP/M has the ability to handle lots of different compression and archive formats which was important due to the limited capacity of floppy disks and the cost of downloading/uploading files on BBS's. T... Read More

There are lots of text viewers on CP/M and I want to show the three that I use most often. I have recently been going through the Walnut Creek CD to see if I can find any better text viewers, but afte... Read More

CP/M is a single tasking operating system and having grown-up with single tasking systems this has never really been a problem for me. There is style of program that would make my life easier, however... Read More

There are a few machines I'm quite interested in comparing so I decided to create a simple Basic benchmark to get an idea of their relative speed. The benchmark tests 7 aspects and is inspired by qsbb... Read More

Ornament is a Tcl template module that allows you to define, parse and compile a template to produce a script which can then be run using a safe interpreter. The idea came from the Templates and subst... Read More

There are lots of different programming challenges, but this year one in particular has caught my attention and I have decided to take part. Advent of Code starts 1st December with daily programming p... Read More

The premise of this book is that the 60s/70s counter-culture led to the personal computer revolution. I think the book demonstrated well how this influenced SAIL and how the Augment lab innovation... Read More

Geary is a lightweight email client inspired by gmail's interface. Its simple minimalistic interface is quite pleasant to use and initially I was really pleased to switch to it from Thunderbird. Howe... Read More

With F#, the list often feels like the default choice of data structure. It is immutable and hence easy to reason about, however its use can come at a great cost. If you are using lists to process la... Read More

With the new package management system for Racket, there is a need to host documentation for the package somewhere. Github allows you to host web pages, and hence a package's documentation, by putting... Read More

Programmable or reconfigurable character sets were a simple alternative to fully bitmappable displays. The main driving force behind their creation was a desire to keep the cost of computers low: RAM ... Read More

The Vicmon machine language cartridge is an excellent tool for exploring the Vic-20. This article and its associated video will show you how to use it to create a simple program that will change the n... Read More

BBS Ads were important to users and sysops of BBS's. There wasn't any universal directory like the phone book, and during the heyday of BBS's (early '80s to the mid '90s), most people couldn't easily ... Read More

The Commodore Vic-20 is a great machine to learn an assembly language on. It was released in 1981 and was the first computer to sell one million units, which contributes to its popularity today. The ... Read More

Most BBSs that are still running now do so via telnet. In many ways this is great as it allows people from all around the world to access a BBS as if it were local to them. The problem comes though, ... Read More

Most modern machines don't have a serial port as standard; you could use a USB to serial lead, however, if you have another machine available that does have a serial port you can access it remotely ove... Read More

Netcat is a simple Unix utility which reads and writes data across network connections using the TCP or UDP protocol. It is often described as the "Swiss-army knife for TCP/IP" because of it... Read More

I have written previously about why Turbo Pascal is a Great Choice For Programming Under CP/M and now it is time to talk about what could have been. You probably haven't heard of Turbo Modula-2 for CP... Read More

CP/M was blessed with many programming languages, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. I think that Turbo Pascal stands out from these and I'm not alone. When Turbo Pascal was released in 19... Read More

Unix has traditionally lacked a consistent way of storing user specific and system wide configuration and support files. This has lead to a mess of dot files in a user's home directory and other assoc... Read More

Locating Tcl scripts to load from an executable can be awkward if you want to make your program cross-platform. An easier way is to compile a Tcl script directly into the executable and let that scrip... Read More

I have just finished listening to the first episode of Floppy Days and I'm pleased to report that it looks like this is going to be a good addition to the vintage computing landscape. The presenter, R... Read More

Sometimes it can be useful to dynamically generate header files and include them from a C source file. However, it can be a little difficult getting CMake to recognize when to generate the files and w... Read More

Tk is great, but sometimes it just isn't fast enough. SDL is fast, but has no support for input dialogs and other GUI conventions. By embedding an SDL surface in a Tk window you get the best of both ... Read More

Comments, comments, everywhere, but are they making your code clearer or just distracting you? Comments are meant to be there to explain code and help you to understand it. However, they are often ou... Read More

I have often noticed programmers getting worked up about the legacy code they are maintaining. I know it is annoying having to wade through poor code, or worrying about making changes for fear of unex... Read More

This is the second in a series of articles looking into whether when you were born affects your future. In the previous article I looked at Nobel laureates, which are, of course, from a range of field... Read More

There has been a lot of talk in the UK recently about whether when you were born affects your schooling. Lots of teachers have noticed how pupils born at the end of the Summer often struggle compared ... Read More

Now that I have converted TechTinkering over to Jekyll, I have come up against a bit of a problem with site.related_posts: The results are always just the latest posts, and are not filtered or ordered ... Read More

I have recently released Mida as a Gem for parsing/extracting Microdata from web pages. Not many sites at the moment are using Microdata, in fact, apart from this site, I only know of one other: Trust... Read More

I have been using Jekyll a lot recently on the Trust a Friend website and found the need to display a rating as a series of stars. Initially I implemented this in JavaScript, which worked fine, but I ... Read More

The National Museum of Computing is the UK's largest museum dedicated to computing. It is located on the Bletchley Park estate just south of Milton Keynes and is easy to get to by car, bus or train. ... Read More

xAce is a great Jupiter Ace emulator and is in fact the one that I use the most, however it hasn't been actively developed since 1997 and therefore has some shortcomings. I am keen to improve the emul... Read More

I have today released TextPix v0.1 This is a program to take an image and convert it into a redefined character set and the associated text mode screen data referencing that character set. The program... Read More

I have noticed that the number of people interested in using telnet to access BBSs seems to be growing, which I'm really pleased to see. However lots of people seem to be having trouble getting colour... Read More

I have been doing a lot of work recently on Linear Genetic Programming. This requires a great deal of processing power and to meet this I have been using Open MPI to create a Linux cluster. What fol... Read More

Recently, I have been playing a collection of text mode games that were commonly found on Unix Systems during the 70s and 80s. These games are surprisingly playable and, for me, they really show that ... Read More

4K FORTRAN was a subset of FORTRAN II and was the first high-level language available for the DEC PDP-8. It consisted of two parts: the 4K FORTRAN Compiler (nicknamed "Fivetran") and the 4K ... Read More

Before re-writable storage devices, such as tape drives, become popular for the DEC PDP-8, owners had to rely on paper tape. This was fine for loading programs on pre-punched tape, but left the proble... Read More

This is an interesting history of computer development around the world during the 1940s and 50s. The book grew out of a radio series on BBS Radio 4 and contains lots of original material gained from ... Read More

The DEC PDP-8 mini-computer was launched on 22 March 1965 and was a great success. It was fairly cheap for the day and could easily be expanded. What attracts me most to the PDP-8 is its simple desig... Read More

When I first came across SUBLEQ, I really liked the beauty and simplicity of the design. However, I have now been experimenting with it for quite a while and have noticed one aspect of the standard im... Read More

I have a number of older printers that I would like to connect to my modern machine, but have been unable to do so because my computer doesn't have a parallel interface. After searching the internet f... Read More

I remember reading about Corewar roughly 20 years ago and thinking that I will have to have a go at that when I get the time. As often happens in life, things got in the way and I only recently manage... Read More

I was going through a backup of my dos machine, taken in 1998, and came across some source code which I haven't seen for a long time. It was great to see that old code, and I must set-up a machine so ... Read More

For the past 6 months I have been using Test-Driven Development (TDD) on a new project. It has made such a difference to the quality of my code, that I feel I just have to share it's benefits with tho... Read More

The only Jupiter Ace emulator that I found, which would work under Linux, was written by Edward Patel and is called xace. There is also a Windows version available, but I don't know anything more abou... Read More

This book, written in 1975, offers a fascinating insight into the software engineering process used at that time. The author draws from his experience as project manager for the IBM System/360 and OS/... Read More

Bouncing Babies is one of the first games I remember playing on an IBM PC Compatible. I recall looking at this funny game and thinking that it really was a strange concept. It was released as Sharewa... Read More

It really is funny the things that we spot sometimes. Most of us must have looked up at the clouds and spotted animals, houses and other imagined objects. We are also used to the occasional news repo... Read More

There are so many great demos for the Commodore 64 and the demo scene is still thriving. Surprisingly there are even new effects being created for this machine. I have spent many hours going through ... Read More

Beneath a Steel Sky was released for the PC in 1994 by Revolution Software. It was received well and has gone on to be considered a cult classic. It uses the Virtual Theatre engine which was first us... Read More

The real advantage of Open Source software is that many people from all around the globe can work to make it better. This means that bugs can be detected and often fixed much more quickly than with cl... Read More

ScummVM is Virtual Machine, that allows you to run adventure games created for a number of game creation engines. This is a great way of playing those classic adventure games that you loved so much, o... Read More

I have long been fascinated with entering programs into computers by methods not involving a standard keyboard and monitor. This interest was peeked by my last article: Using the latest z80pack, versi... Read More

Udo Munk has just released the latest version of his z80pack emulator, version 1.17, which now includes John Kichury's FrontPanel library. As well as being a superb emulator to run CP/M on, it now giv... Read More

I was preparing the walls of our nursery on the weekend, ready for the arrival of our first child in December. I was about to start steaming off the border and thought I'd better look at the instructi... Read More

There were some brilliant games and applications released for DOS, and some of the games such as Command and Conquer are still very playable. There are a number of options to play these games today, f... Read More

My language of choice is C and I am currently getting more involved with the CP/M operating system. I have therefore decided that it would be nice to have a C compiler working under CP/M. There are a... Read More

To do any serious programming under CP/M, the first thing you need is a good programmers editor. There aren't many in the archives, but I have tried most of them and found ZDE to be the best. It is s... Read More

I watched 'Three Days of the Condor' the other night and loved seeing what I believe is a Dec PDP 8/E being used. Also featured in connection with this machine was a DecWriter, paper tape reader and p... Read More

It was fascinating to read this book from 1979 and see how operating system design was viewed then, compared to now. The biggest change being the shift in importance from batch processing to the inter... Read More

Website hosting companies often provide a shared SSL certificate, but this presents the web designer with the problem of how to use it for a site that uses cookies. I have read many people say that th... Read More