A recent article printed by getpocket.com explained the concepts of symmetry, supersymmetry, and dualities in Einstein’s physics. The article by KC Cole of Quanta magazine did an excellent job of describing the concepts. If you want to read the entire article, click here.

In the course of the article some big questions that have flummoxed physicists were raised, such as: what broke the symmetry between matter and anti-matter during the course of the Big Bang? Why didn’t matter and anti-matter annihilate each other? Why is only matter here in the universe—where is the anti-matter required by symmetry?

Several more questions were raised in the following paragraph from the same article:

“Over the past several decades, some physicists have begun to question whether focusing on symmetry is still as productive as it used to be. New particles predicted by theories based on symmetries haven’t appeared in experiments as hoped, and the Higgs boson that was detected was far too light to fit into any known symmetrical scheme. Symmetry hasn’t yet helped to explain why gravity is so weak, why the vacuum energy is so small, or why dark matter remains transparent.”

Well, believe it or not, the Simple Explanation has answers to these questions. Yes, my physics may seem odd, but certainly no odder than quantum physics or Einstein’s relativistic theories.

As you know, the Simple Explanation proposes that a fractal membrane envelops our universe in a torus shape. I also propose that the knots of sub-atomic particles arising from the quantum foam are also torus shapes. Using this basic concept, I have diagrammed an answer to the questions posed above.

Let’s look at this artist’s rendition of a magnetar for an example of the torus shape and dynamics. This illustration shows the toroidal shape surrounding the star, the pole running up the middle of the field, and the venting of energy out through either end of the poles.































Firstly, imagine that this shape can be found throughout all of the matter of the universe, at all scales, including universal. This is why it is called a fractal toroidal pattern.









According to the Simple Explanation, proto-energy enters our universe at the zero point of the torus, emerging from the middle as light and quantum foam. Matter and electromagnetic force fills the torus envelope from the middle outward, expanding space as it does so.





































If this apple were the universe, the seeds clustered around the core would represent subatomic particles held in place by the weak and the strong forces.

Some of the material rides down the pole and wraps around the exterior surface of the torus. The membrane itself answers two of the fundamental questions regarding gravity and dark matter—for both of these elements are inherent to the outside of the torus. The membrane itself consists of the missing dark matter of the universe, arrayed as a fractalized membrane that holds ordinary material and energy within the torus.

Gravity is the inward pushing force riding the outside of the torus. It appears weak because it is inward directed and therefore difficult to measure from the outside. In the Simple Explanation, gravity is inherent in the outer skin of the enveloping toruses, pushing inward. It is this inward pull that causes exterior objects to be drawn toward the torus. Gravity is not “out there” in space time, but riding the skin of the torus, pulling toward the middle of the torus. Aggregates of material exert more gravitational attraction than singular subatomic particles because they aggregate the gravitational forces of their constituent particles. The more massive the object, the more aggregated the pull of gravity.

Dark matter is the skin of the apple, so to speak. It is everywhere because it wraps around everything. We can’t see or measure the outside of the torus because we, and all ordinary matter, are inside the torus, whether the torus is tiny or universal. This implies that the outside of the torus rests in an adjacent dimension that we cannot access. Dark matter is not observable because the exterior of the torus is outside our three dimensional space.

The final answer supplied in this article answers the question of “what happened to the symmetrical anti-matter as matter filled our toroidally expanding space following the Big Bang?”

My answer would have us look at the pole of the torus. It is reasonable to propose that while matter filled the interior of the universal-sized torus, its corresponding anti-matter shot out the ends of the poles and diffused into the adjacent dimension, thus preserving the symmetry of matter/anti-matter while at the same time eliminating anti-matter's presence in our space/time continuum.

My torus model seems able to answer the questions posed above. Looking at the math using algebraic geometry may provide the proofs. Any takers?