There's every reason to believe the campaign is launched from beyond the country.

A group of Russian military arrived in Italy exactly at the moment an active campaign was launched across social networks, calling for the country’s withdrawal from the EU.

Such calls are being spun on Twitter with a relevant ITALEXIT hashtag by a swarm of accounts created this February-March. There is reason to believe that they originated beyond Italy, IGTDS think tank reports.

A vivid example is a recent disinformation campaign with the obvious participation of Russia, where Poland, and then both Poland and Ukraine, were accused of closing their airspace for Russian military cargo aircraft carrying aid and experts to Italy. However, a quick analysis of air corridors shows that the shortest route from the airbase outside Moscow to the Pratica di Mare airfield in Italy passes through Belarus, not through Ukraine, so the very mention of the latter in smear reports is purely due to its long-lasting conflict with Russia.

A significant part of the accounts involved in the distribution of Russian narratives also take part in promoting anti-migration messages and those in support of Matteo Salvini. It is likely that the campaign for Italy's withdrawal from the EU is organized and supported by the Lega Nord party and isn't affiliated with the Kremlin. However, the fact that some of the accounts participated in disinformation efforts against Poland and in support of Russia may indicate support and promotion of Lega Nord’s leader by Russia, and the agreements with the Italian far-right on mutual support and promotion of each other's interests.

Leftist moods traditionally prevail among the Italian population, due to the material and financial gap between the wealthy and poor, as well as regional gaps in well-being of households. Thus, anti-Brussels sentiments generally correspond to the ideological preferences of Italians. However, such moods are now on a sharp rise, while using some Russian-designed narratives. For example, in contrast to the heated debate on EU policies, Italy has been rather loyal to NATO, while all anti-NATO messages in the Italian segment of social networks were of Russian origin. The very emergence of such narrative is related to the Defender Europe 20 exercise and the arrival of the U.S. troops to take part, which indicates that it’s an externally-driven infowar operation that's underway in Italy.

Russian information resources, affiliated with the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service and military intelligence, are now jointly struggling to suppress the spread of shares and reposts of an article by Italy's La Stampa, where journalists state that some 80% of the cargo brought in from Russia is practically useless in tackling corona, the report reads.

"The main objective of the Russian information campaign is to mold public opinion toward believing that the EU countries are failing to provide assistance to Italy (reports on German assistance are being blocked or ignored), as well as positioning Russia as the only state actor that’s providing aid to Italy. However, China will not be standing aside, watching such a campaign unfold as Bejing is also interested in strengthening its presence in Italy once the pandemic is over," writes the think tank.

Russia’s campaign is two-staged, the authors add: "At the second stage, the issue of lifting sanctions off of Russia is expected to be raised, as well as that of rapprochement with the Kremlin."

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Looking at the list of those who arrived in Italy as part of Russia’s military mission, it’s clear that the team includes individuals totally unrelated to medical staff, such as propaganda pundits and troops allegedly representing Russia's Special Operations Forces.

After landing in Pratica di Mare, a convoy of Russian military hardware drove 600 km to Bergamo. Landing Russian aircraft at Lombardy airfields would’ve saved time and financial resources, both for convoy diesel and aviation fuel for nine cargo planes. Thus, the transfer of the Russian group across the country seems to be a propaganda operation, to say the least, or even ultimately a military exercise to practice landing of a spearhead group with its further advance to the set location.

Among others on the Russian military mission is General Sergey Kikot, who in 2019 whitewashed Assad in The Hague, claiming the latter never used chemical weapons in the Syrian city of Douma.

The group also includes Lt. Col. Alexander Yumanov, Colonel Alexei Smirnov, Lt. Col. Gennady Eremin, and Lt. Col. Vyacheslav Kulish.

Said officers took part in the project involving the Ebola virus, carried out by Russian defense ministry's 48th Central Research Institute and Vector SE, the company that back in the Soviet times was engaged in developing biological weapons. It’s worth noting that these officers were introduced to the Italian side as members of the Kirov-based Military Medical Academy, although in fact they are part of the 48th Central Research Institute.

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It is expected that the Russians’ main task is to collect biological material from Italian citizens infected with Covid-19, as well as to study the course of the disease and measures taken in Italy – to be applied in Russia.

Expert estimates say it’s highly likely that Russia will see an outbreak of coronavirus epidemic in line with the Italian scenario. The available data shows Russian authorities discuss the possibility of introducing a curfew in Moscow. At the same time, the city council says enforcing such quarantine would be impossible, citing poor infrastructure. Thus, Russians might as well be gathering information in Italy in order to develop a strategy to counter the virus once it gains pace across their country.