After a frightening study from last week showed that industrial methane emissions have been "vastly underestimated," a new projection Friday that the United States is on track to become the world's leading exporter of liquefied natural gas within five years provoked warnings that the American fracking boom could "end hope for climate stability."

"The time has come to end the madness by ending artificial economic support for the fossil fuel industry, and investing aggressively in truly clean, renewable energy sources like wind and solar."

—Wenonah Hauter, Food & Water Watch

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is primarily composed of methane, a greenhouse gas that is 84 times more potent than carbon dioxide over a 20-year period. Methane emissions, by some estimates, are responsible for about a quarter of human-caused global warming.

"Science confirms that gas is a climate killer," Wenonah Hauter, executive director of the U.S. advocacy group Food & Water Watch, said in a statement Friday, citing methane's planet-warming potential.

Hauter's statement came in response to an International Energy Agency (IEA) annual report, released Friday, that featured the new projection about U.S. LNG exports. The IEA report states that global demand for natural gas grew last year at the fastest rate in nearly a decade and is expected to keep growing, "driven by strong consumption in fast-growing Asian economies and supported by the continued development of the international gas trade."

The IEA's new release came just two days after Food & Water Watch published a report which, as Hauter put it, "shows that the power, petrochemical, and LNG export industries are propping up the fracked gas industry by manufacturing bloated demand for its dirty product, all with the help of government subsidies and intervention."

While the IEA report attributes much of the increased demand to a growing number of natural gas power plants in the United States and China, it also points to other factors. U.S. News & World Report outlined the agency's findings:

The industrial sector... also played an outsized role in 2018, with factories, fabricators, and other facilities using gas as both a fuel source and a feedstock to make plastics, fertilizers, and other products—putting industry on track to account for nearly half of global gas consumption by 2024.

The U.S., meanwhile, saw the biggest jump in production last year since 1951, with output soaring by 11.5 percent. That made the U.S. the biggest contributor to gas production growth around the world.

IEA executive director Fatih Birol said in a statement announcing the agency's report that "natural gas can contribute to a cleaner global energy system. But it faces its own challenges, including remaining price competitive in emerging markets and reducing methane emissions along the natural gas supply chain."

Farhana Yamin, a climate attorney and coordinator at the Extinction Rebellion, told Agence France-Presse, "Given that this polluting fuel can never be 'clean' and is a key driver of climate chaos, the assertion that it can be part of the path to cleaner energy is highly misleading."

Lorne Stockman, senior research analyst at Oil Change International, also criticized the agency's position on natural gas.

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"When it comes to gas, the IEA horse has blinkers on and is heading straight over the cliff of climate disaster," he told AFP. "Gas is not clean, cheap, or necessary."

Food & Water Watch's Hauter said, "The IEA's cheerleading of fracked natural gas as some type of global climate solution is foolish and false."

"The time has come to end the madness by ending artificial economic support for the fossil fuel industry, and investing aggressively in truly clean, renewable energy sources like wind and solar," she added. "The future of our planet depends on it."

Today the @IEA said natural gas use soared 4.6% last year = 1/2 of all global energy demand growth We are breaking emissions records each year, we have record CO2 levels, and we know about the threat posed by #climatechange And gas is still boominghttps://t.co/PPwjmPxHat — Patrick Galey (@patrickgaley) June 7, 2019

The IEA report and subsequent criticism followed a study about methane emissions from the U.S. ammonia fertilizer industry published last week in the peer-reviewed journal Elementa.

Researchers from Cornell University and the Environmental Defense Fund used a Google Street View car equipped with technology to measure methane emission to gather data from six U.S. plants. They found that emissions were not only 100 times higher than the fertilizer industry's self-reported estimate, but also exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimate for all industrial processes in the country.

A @Cornell-@EnvDefenseFund research team has found there is more methane being emitted from the ammonia fertilizer industry than the @EPA had estimated for all U.S. industrial processes. @CEECornell @AtkinsonCenter @Google https://t.co/0Z6pxNlDb2 — Cornell Chronicle (@CornellNews) June 6, 2019

"We took one small industry that most people have never heard of and found that its methane emissions were three times higher than the EPA assumed was emitted by all industrial production in the United States," John Albertson, study co-author and Cornell professor of civil and environmental engineering, said in a statement.

Noting methane's impact on planetary warming, Albertson warned, "the presence of substantial emissions or leaks anywhere along the supply chain could make natural gas a more significant contributor to climate change than previously thought."