In the earlier English version of this map I got some feedback concerning the English / German / Hungarian city names used. I tried to use English names in use in 1912, but I was inconsistent when there were no obvious translations. This time I went through them again and gave preference to anglicized German names, then to names with Latin origin above Uralic or Slavic. This map is supposed to show 1912, I do realize that Agram, Fiume, Lemberg or Pressburg are no longer common names. I added some labels of smaller cities, mainly to fill in blank areas and help with orientation.

Apart from English, with the intent of creating a version for each language of that Empire, I compiled a list of contemporary names in German, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Latin, Italian, Romanian and Turkish. My apologies to any Ukrainians, Romani, Armenian, Albanian, Greek and Yiddish readers for not completing a list for you (message me if you have a list in that language). Grác, Segedín, Černovic and Đer are the only differences from Croatian to Bosnian, Montenegrin or Serbian so forgive me again if I don’t complete that language break up also.

Why also in Latin? Many names have Latin versions from the Roman period and have older Celtic, Greek or Illyrian origins.

Isochrone Map: Austro-Hungarian Empire Railway Network 1912 (version 2.2 English)

Here some details to different cities:

Pressburg | Pressburg | Pozsony | Prešpurk | Prešporok/Bratislava | Preszburg | Požun | Požun | Posonium | Presburgo/Posonio | Pojon | Pozsony

Bratislava has an incredible long settlement history dating back to Homo Heidelbergensis and the Homo Neanderthalensis. There were Celtic towns on both sides of the Danube (south one by Hainburg) but with no certified town name (Boiorum?). The Roman military camp Gerulata was located on the south bank of the Danube where a part of Bratislava is today but Gerulata was not that important compared to Aquincum (Budapest) or Vindobona (Vienna) or its direct neighbour, the largest city north of the Alps, Carnuntum! Here a link to the civilian city Carnatum. Gerulata suffered the same fate as Carnatum, just swifter and was abandoned. Huns, Avars, Germans, Slavs and Magyars make very volatile and uncertain settlement medieval settlement history and with many different names. Here a few of those names: Pisonium, Brezalauspurc, Istropolis (Greek for Danube city), Brezisburg, Prespurch, Posony, ect… but at least it is not called Wilsonov. Bratislava is a name interpreted out of medieval sources and it gained traction by Slovak nationalist and was chosen as an official name in 1919.

Vienna | Wien | Bécs | Vídeň | Viedeň | Wiedeń | Dunaj | Beč | Vindobona | Vienna | Viena/Beciu | Viyana/Beç

If you look through the different languages you will notice that Vienna is sometimes named Beč, Beciu or Bech which is not derived from Roman name Vindobona, which in turn comes from the Celtic Vedunia. The Beč name refers the Avarian word Вена, for a fortress located there. Areas not ruled by the Avars did not adopt this name. Slovenians decided to name it Dunaj after the Danube River. The Italian Vienna is used English.

Grand Varadin | Großwardein | Nagyvárad | Veľký Varadín | Veľký Varadín | Wielki Waradyn | Veliki Varadin | Veliki Varadin | Magno-Varadinum | Gran Varadino | Oradea-Mare | Varat

Vár, means fortress in Hungarian. This city was first mentioned in 1113 as the Varadinum in Latin. At some point the prefix Gran / Groß / Nagy / Veľký was added except by Turkish, maybe they did not want to title it “Grand” even though with 850 defenders it held out against 45000 Turks for 46 days. How to anglify this name? Well, the Italian Gran is close the English Grand, drop the “o” and you have Grand Varadin. Instead of that you could use Grosswardein.

Funfkirchen | Fünfkirchen | Pécs | Pětikostelí | Päťkostolie | Pecz | Pečuh | Pečuh | Quinque Ecclesiae/Sopianæ | Cinquechiese | Beci | Peçuy

The name Pécs may derive from the Slavic word for five among other possibilities. That seems logical since the medieval city was mentioned 871 in Latin as Quinque Basilicae (“five cathedrals”). Italian Cinquechiese, Czech Pětikostelí, Slavak Päťkostolie and German Fünfkirchen each translated that name. The Romans named the city in Sopianæ after the Celtic Sop (“marsh”) but that name became disused. What English name should be used? I opted to anglify the German name to Funfkirchen, my reasoning was that the German city Gelsenkirchen retains its German name in English and anglifying a Latin or Slavic name seemed wrong.

Here the list of contemporary names:

English Official name German Hungarian Vienna Wien Wien Bécs Budapest Budapest Budapest Budapest Triest Trieste Triest Trieszt Prague Praha Prag Prága Lemberg Lviv Lemberg Ilyvó Cracow Kraków Krakau Krakkó Graz Graz Graz Grác Brunn Brno Brünn Brünn Szeged Szeged Szegedin Szeged Subotica Szabadka Mariatheresiopel Szabadka Debrecen Debrecen Debrezin Debrecen Czernowitz Чернівці Czernowitz Csernyivci Pilsen Plzeň Pilsen Plzeň Agram Zagreb Agram Zágráb Pressburg Bratislava Pressburg Pozsony Mischkolz Miskolc Mischkolz Miskolc Temeswar Temesvár Temeswar Temesvár Linz Linz Linz Linz Grand Varadin Oradea Großwardein Nagyvárad Clausemburg Cluj-Napoca Klausenburg Kolozsvár Funfkirchen Pécs Fünfkirchen Pécs Innsbruck Innsbruck Innsbruck Innzbruk Sarajevo Sarajevo Sarajevo Szarajevó Laibach Ljubljana Laibach Ljubljana Raab Győr Raab Győr Budweis České Budějovice Budweis Budějovice Fiume Rijeka Fiume Fiume

Czech Slovak Polish Slovenian Croatian Vídeň Viedeň Wiedeń Dunaj Beč Budapešť Budapešť Budapeszt Budimpešta Budimpešta Terst Terst Triest Trst Trst Praha Praha Praga Praga Prag Lvov Lvov Lwów Lavov Lavov Krakov Krakov Kraków Krakov Krakov Hradec Hradec Grodziec Gradec Gradac Brno Brno Berno Brno Brno Segedín Segedín Szegedyn Szeged Segedin Subotica Subotica Subotica Subotica Subotica Debrecín Debrecín Debreczyn Debrecen Debrecin Černovice Černovice Czerniowce Černovci Černovci Plzeň Plzeň Pilzno Plzeň Plzeň Záhřeb Záhreb Zagrzeb Zagreb Zagreb Prešpurk Prešporok / Bratislava Preszburg Požun Požun Miškovec Miškovec Miszkolc Miškovec Miškolc Temešvár Temešvár Timiszoara Temišvar Temišvar Linec Linec Linec Linz Linz Veľký Varadín Veľký Varadín Wielki Waradyn Veliki Varadin Veliki Varadin Kluž Kluž Kluż Kluž-Napoka Kluž-Napoka Pětikostelí Päťkostolie Pecz Pečuh Pečuh Inšpruk Inšpruk Innsbruck Inzbruk Inzbruk Sarajevo Sarajevo Sarajewo Sarajevo Sarajevo Lublaň Ľubľana Lublana Ljubljana Ljubljana Ráb Ráb Jawaryn Gjur Jura Budějovice Budějovice Budziejowice Budějovice Budějovice Rijeka Rijeka Rijeka Reka Rijeka

Latin Italian Romanian Turkish Vindobona Vienna Viena / Beciu Viyana or Beç Aquincum / Budapestinum Budapest Budapesta Budapeşte Tergeste / Tergestum Trieste Trieste Triyeste Praga Praga Praga Prag Leopolis Leopoli Liov İlbav Cracovia Cracovia Cracovia Krakov Graecium Graz Graz Graz Bruna Bruna Brno Brno Partiscum Seghedino Seghedin Segedin Maria-Theresiopolis Maria Teresiopoli Subotica Subotica Debrecinum Debrecen Debreţin Debrecen Czernovicum Černivci Cernăuţi Çernivtsi Pilsenum Pilsen Pilsen Plzeň Zagrabia Zagabria Zagreb Zagrep Posonium Presburgo Posonio Pojon Pozsony Miscolcium Miskolc Mişcolţ Miskolc Timisvaria / Zambara? Timișoara Timişoara Temeşvar Lentia Linz Linz Linç Magno-Varadinum Gran Varadino Oradea-Mare Varat Claudiopolis / Napoca Clausemburgo Cluj-Napoca Kaloşvar Quinque Ecclesiae / Sopianæ Cinquechiese Beci Peçuy Oeni Pontum Enoponte Innsbruck İnnsbruck Seraium Saraievo Sarajevo Saraybosna Aemona / Labacum Lubiana Liubliana Lubliyana Iaurinum / Arrabona Giavarino Győr Yanıkkale / Győr Budovicium Budějovice Budějovice Budějovice Tarsaticum / Vitopolis / Flumen Fiume Fiume Rijeka

Edit 2020.02.04: changed Siget to Segedin (Croatian)