There has been a sharp rise in the number people dying while trying to cross the Mediterranean to reach Europe, the UN refugee agency has said in its latest report.

While fewer people are making the journey to Europe, the rate of deaths has risen sharply. In the central Mediterranean, one in 18 people has died or gone missing so far this year, compared to one death for every 42 people who crossed in the same period in 2017.

Along the sea route from North Africa to Spain, more than 300 people have perished this year already, a marked increase on 2017 – when 200 deaths were recorded in the whole year, the report states.

More than 78 deaths of refugees and migrants have meanwhile been recorded so far along land routes in Europe or at Europe’s borders, compared to 45 in the same period last year.

Pascale Moreau, director of UNHCR’s Europe bureau, said: “This report once again confirms the Mediterranean as one of the world’s deadliest sea crossings.

“With the number of people arriving on European shores falling, this is no longer a test of whether Europe can manage the numbers, but whether Europe can muster the humanity to save lives.”

Eight migrants die as 86 rescued from sinking boat off Libya

In recent months, the UNHCR has called for a predictable, regional approach for the rescue and disembarkation of people in distress in the Mediterranean Sea.

The organisation is also calling on Europe to increase access to safe and legal pathways for refugees, including by increasing resettlement places and removing obstacles to family reunification – helping to provide alternatives to potentially deadly journeys.

NGOs including Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and migrant search-and-rescue organisation SOS Méditerranée recently blamed the Italian government, among other European authorities, for the “skyrocketing” death toll.

Refugees and migrants arriving in Catania, Sicily Show all 7 1 /7 Refugees and migrants arriving in Catania, Sicily Refugees and migrants arriving in Catania, Sicily Refugees and migrants arriving in Italy on MSF rescue ship the Bourbon Argos in Catania, Sicily Lizzie DeardenÍ Refugees and migrants arriving in Catania, Sicily Refugees and migrants disembarking from MSF rescue ship the Bourbon Argos in Catania, Sicily Lizzie Dearden Refugees and migrants arriving in Catania, Sicily Refugees and migrants undergoing health checks after disembarking from MSF rescue ship the Bourbon Argos in Catania, Sicily Lizzie Dearden Refugees and migrants arriving in Catania, Sicily Refugees and migrants undergoing security checks after disembarking from MSF rescue ship the Bourbon Argos in Catania, Sicily Lizzie Dearden Refugees and migrants arriving in Catania, Sicily Refugees and migrants being fingerprinted after disembarking from MSF rescue ship the Bourbon Argos in Catania, Sicily Lizzie Dearden Refugees and migrants arriving in Catania, Sicily Refugees and migrants being fingerprinted after disembarking from MSF rescue ship the Bourbon Argos in Catania, Sicily Lizzie Dearden Refugees and migrants arriving in Catania, Sicily A man being taken to hospital from MSF rescue ship the Bourbon Argos in Catania, Sicily Lizzie Dearden

In June, Italy’s new populist government shut the country’s ports to all humanitarian boats, calling them a “taxi service” for illegal immigrants. Interior minister Matteo Salvini called for other EU nations to follow its lead and block migrant rescue ships from landing on European shores.

Italy has accused its partners of not sharing the burden of migrants who arrive on EU’s southern border, stoking tensions particularly with France, Malta and Germany.