Wendy Davis, a former Democratic nominee for governor of Texas whose marathon filibuster as a state senator turned her into an overnight political star, said Monday that she would run for a House seat held by a freshman Republican.

Her bid to challenge the incumbent, Chip Roy, comes about six years after she stood in pink running shoes and talked for more than 11 hours to temporarily halt passage of an anti-abortion bill.

Ms. Davis’s effort vaulted her onto the national political scene — momentum that led her to run for governor in 2014.

But the bill she filibustered eventually passed, and she lost the 2014 election to Greg Abbott by more than 20 percentage points.