SACRAMENTO — Gov. Jerry Brown warned of impending deficits and the need to pull back new spending in his $122.2 billion revised general fund budget released Friday.

Brown said the state will need to cut spending if California voters don’t approve a measure probably headed for the November ballot that would extend Proposition 30’s personal income tax hikes on the wealthy. But he also said he is not endorsing the initiative because he promised Prop. 30 would be a temporary tax and he is prepared to lead the state without the extra dollars.

Using Aesop’s fable on the ant and the grasshopper to illustrate the need for planning ahead for tough times, the governor said history shows California will inevitably experience another recession and that the state must not create new programs that it won’t be able to afford later.

“Like everything else, things don’t last forever,” Brown said at a Capitol news conference. “Right now the surging tide of revenue is beginning to turn as it always does. That’s why it’s very important and best to be prepared for a time of necessity.”

In April, the state collected lower-than-projected sales and income tax revenue, prompting the governor to reduce his 2016-17 budget proposal by $1.9 billion. Brown said the budgets for the next two years would be balanced with no new spending, but that by 2019 the state could face a $4 billion deficit.

California’s K-12 schools receive the biggest single portion of the general fund — 37 percent, largely thanks to Prop. 98’s complicated funding mechanism that guarantees increases. That means schools would get $45.6 billion in the next fiscal year — a $2.9 billion increase compared with this year.

Tuition at the University of California and California State University would remain frozen, while the latter will receive an additional $25 million in one-time funding to improve the rate in which students finish with a degree in four years.

The budget allocates $3.5 billion in state and federal funding for various affordable housing and homelessness programs. Brown said low-income residents are struggling to pay rent and the state has a disproportionately high number of homeless people.

Housing concerns

Assembly Democrats pushed Brown to do more to address affordable housing issues across the state. They asked for $1.3 billion in surplus revenue to be used to help workers afford housing and to shelter homeless people. But Brown did not include that money in his revised budget.

Instead, Brown proposed shortening the review and permitting process to build housing. He also said he supports a $2 billion bond — that includes $267 million during the upcoming year — from future Prop. 63 mental health revenue to pay for homeless and affordable housing programs, which Senate Democrats proposed.

Brown acknowledged that during budget negotiations with the Democratic-controlled Legislature over the next month it will difficult to persuade some to sign on to his plan to keep $2 billion for reserves.

“When you don’t spend today, you are minimizing the pain later,” Brown said. “Is that going to be a hard sell? Yeah, but I’m going to be pretty resolute in this budget.”

Assemblyman Jay Obernolte, R-Big Bear Lake (San Bernardino County), said he agrees with what Brown is saying.

“Unfortunately, sometimes his actions don’t match his words,” Obernolte said. “In recent months he has committed the state to billions of dollars in additional government spending. (Such as) the minimum wage increase he just signed into law a few weeks ago.”

After signing legislation in April to raise the minimum wage to $15 by 2022, the first step is a 50-cent wage increase that is effective Jan. 1, 2017, at a cost of $39 million to the state in the 2016-17 budget.

Other items

Also in the budget:

•In an effort to address a teaching shortage, the budget includes $10 million in one-time money for grants to public and private colleges and universities that create pathways for students to graduate in four years with their bachelor’s degree and a teaching credential.

•The University of California will receive $25 million promised in last year’s budget for enrolling 5,000 more in-state undergraduate students this year.

•This month, the state will begin offering Medi-Cal coverage to undocumented children under the age of 19 years at a cost of $188 million as part of last year’s budget deal.

Budget revisions released in recent years have been sweetened with additional money the state had not expected after tax revenue exceeded estimates. The legislature is obligated to pass a state budget by June 15 and will spend the next month going over details.

Melody Gutierrez is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Email: mgutierrez@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @MelodyGutierrez