Introduction

The maps on this page represents the distribution of Human Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups. A Y-DNA haplogroup is a group of men sharing the same series of mutations on their Y chromosome, which they inherited from a long line of common paternal ancestors. A few new mutations, known as SNP's, happen every generation. This allows to retrace the genealogical tree of humanity with great accuracy and see patterns in the distribution of shared historical lineages. Most major haplogroups are many thousands of years old, typically going back to the Bronze Age, Neolithic, Mesolithic or even Paleolithic. The deeper the subclade the more recent the shared ancestor. Classifying SNP's into a genealogical order is known as phylogenentics. Phylogenetic trees of European haplogroups are available here. The following maps were compiled with all the latest available Y-DNA data for each country. The maps are frequently updated when new data becomes available.

Disclaimer: The accuracy of the regional data for France is particularly problematic due to the fact that France is the only country in the world where DNA tests are prohibited by law and punishable by heavy fines (more information).

Haplogroup I (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup I in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup I1 in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup I2a1 in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup I2a2 in Europe

Haplogroup R1 (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup R1 in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup R1a in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup R1a-M458 in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup R1a-M558 (CTS1211) in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup R1a-Z93 in Eurasia

Distribution map of haplogroup R1b in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup R1b-S21 (U106) in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup R1b-S28 (U152) in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup R1b-L21 (S145) in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup R1b-DF27 (SRY2627 + M153) in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup R1b-ht35 (L23, L11, L51 & Z2103) in Europe

Haplogroups E1b1b + G + J + T (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroups E1b1b + G + J + T in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup G in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East

Distribution map of haplogroup G2a-L497 in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup G2a-U1 in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup G2a-M406 in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup G2a-L293 in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup J1 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup J2 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup J2b (M102) in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup J2b1 (M205) in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup E1b1b in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup E-V13 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup E-M81 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup E-M123 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup T in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup N1c1 in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup Q in Europe

Combined Slavic Y-DNA haplogroups

Distribution of Slavic paternal lineages in Europe

This map was computed by adding paternal lineages associated with the diffusion Slavic peoples from the Iron Age onwards. These include Y-DNA haplogroups I2a1b-CTS10228, R1a-CTS1211, R1a-Z92 and some branches R1a-M458. Some deep clades of E-V13, G2a, J2b2a and R1b-Z2103 may also be of Slavic origin, but as they have not yet been identified and no regional data is available, these were not been included. They might account for an extra 5 to 10% of Y-chomosomal lineages in Slavic countries. Within core Slavic countries like Western Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Poland, the remainder of the Y-DNA is mostly Uralic, Germanic, Iranian (Scythian) with also some Celtic in Poland, Czechia and Slovakia.

Combined Germanic Y-DNA haplogroups

Distribution of Germanic paternal lineages in Europe

This map was computed by adding paternal lineages associated with the diffusion Germanic peoples from the Iron Age onwards. These includes Y-DNA haplogroups I1 (except some subclades of Finnish origin), I2a2a-L801, R1a-L664, R1a-Z284, R1b-U106, and R1b-L238.

Combined Celtic Y-DNA haplogroups

Distribution of Celtic paternal lineages in Europe

This map represents the paternal lineages associated with the spread of Proto-Italo-Celtic people from Central to Western Europe in the Bronze Age, starting circa 4,500 years ago. Their lineages belong to haplogroup R1b-S116 (aka P312), in other words most of the European R1b minus the Greco-Etruscan R1b-L23, the Germanic R1b-U106 and R1b-L238, and the Proto-Celto-Germanic L11, L51 and L150. S116 includes subclades associated with non-Indo-European languages such as Basque, and the ancient Gascon and Iberian languages. Since it is unclear exactly when and where Celtic languages developed and whether some Proto-Celtic speakers might have adopted indigenous languages in the land they settled (especially in Gascony and Mediterranean Iberia), all lineages were included for the purpose of this map, giving priority to Y-DNA over languages.

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