This index will just provide a snapshot of all the electric motorcycles that I could find that are made to be street-legal. Some are readily available right now, a few can be built to order, and the bottom half of this list is filled with the prototypes that are likely “looking for investors”.

1. Zero DS, S, SR, DSR

This company was started in 2006 by Neal Saiki, on the beautiful coast of central California, in Santa Cruz. I have to list them first because right now (June 2018) they are the largest and most successful company producing electric motorcycles, and they have a variety of models to choose from. Zero has contracted with 86 dealers in the US to carry their product line.

Their winning formula uses a large single motor mounted in the frame which drives the rear wheel with either a belt or chain (depending on model). The motor is air-cooled, which reduces complexity and weight (compared to the liquid-cooling used by race motors). It is a brushless permanent magnet 3-phase AC motor. The rotor uses Interior Permanent Magnets (IPM), which improves efficiency and reduces the heat generated near the magnets.

The battery pack uses lithium-Ion cells that are configured for a nominal 102V / 28S. In the near future, I will be writing several in-depth articles on all the ready-to-buy brands in the top portion of this list.

2. Alta Motors, Redshift ST

Alta is based in Brisbane, California…very near to San Francisco. It was started in 2010 by three friends who originally named it BRD, a name that was changed to “Alta” in 2014. The name Alta means “Upper”, and refers to the pre-USA name to the ‘Upper California” Bay area. The Alta brand has 62 dealers in the US that carry their products.

Alta is primarily an off-road electric motorcycle company for now. However, the ST model has had a few upgrades added to make it street legal. Their “Supermoto / SM” is made without turn signals, a brake light, or a speedometer, and this is because it’s set up for a certain style of track racing. However, it didn’t take much to also put together a “Street Tracker / ST” upgrade package from the factory.

The motor has a gear-driven reduction to a jackshaft which reduces the size and weight of the motor they would need, while still providing the target horsepower. From the jackshaft output, there is a single-reduction chain to the rear wheel. The highly advanced lithium-Ion battery pack has a nominal voltage of 350V, which reduces the number of amps the motor needs to pull from the pack.

3. Energica EVA

Energica is a company that is based in Modena Italy. It was started in 2010 specifically to design and produce electric motorcycles. It was created by the international CRP corporation, which specializes in various cutting-edge production techniques and materials for Formulas-1 car-racing teams and the aerospace industry. Energica’s first model was the CRP racer, and soon after, the retail EVA model.

The retail EVA model uses an oil-cooled motor and an actively air-cooled battery pack. It was made available to the public in 2015. And as of 2018, their website shows there are six dealers in the US that carry the Energica products, along with a large contingent of dealers in the EU.

FIM has chosen a design by Energica to be the race model for the 2019 electric Moto Grand Prix series. Many different international riders will all ride identical Energica race bikes.

4. Lightning LS-218

Lightning will build you a super sportbike, but they are made to order at this time. They started in San Carlos, California…located in the southern part of San Francisco Bay. I will add more information here as I find it.

Here is a test ride of the LS-218

5. Bultaco Rapitan

The Bultaco company is based in Spain, and they are best-known for their offroad bikes. They have also been making gasser street bikes for some time, and now…they will be producing an electric version.

6. Sur-Ron White Ghost

Sur-Ron is based in China, and last year they burst onto the US off-road scene with their light-weight MX “Light Bee” for off-road. They are also in-production with this street sportbike, which is slated to be imported to the US in 2019.

7. Energica Esse Esse 9

Energica is a Sportbike manufacturer based in Italy. The name “Esse Esse 9” is the name of an existing road (SS9), that was built by the Romans, that runs from Piacenza to Rimini.

8. Tork T6X

The Tork T6S is made in India, and I suspect they will be growing quite rapidly very soon. Mechanically, they appear to be very similar to the Zero-S (*Hmmm…)

9. Volta BCN City

Their headquarters are located on the Mediterranean coast, near the Spanish and French borders. Here is a link to their home website.

10. E-Grom

The E-Grom is most famous this last year for its rear hub motor electric motorcycle. However, they are about to release a model with the motor mounted in the front of the swingarm to improve the handling (shown below).

11. Suzuki Extrigger

This is just a prototype that is being trotted around the various motorcycle conventions to judge the response. That being said, it IS from Suzuki, one of the “Big Four” (Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, Yamaha).

12. Yamaha PES-1

This model is a running prototype, and it is being presented at motorcycle shows to gauge the response. I like it. It is from a serious and large company that is one if the big four. Tubeless tires, and no threaded spokes (which loosen from vibration). Quiet and clean belt drive. The motor is in the frame (the best location for performance). Of note that is not hugely important is…lots of carbon fiber for the bling-factor. Also, the rear shock is mounted horizontally under the frame, through a linkage. Very modern and sophisticated.

13. Super Soco TS1200R

Clearly these use a heavy rear hub motor, so…I wouldn’t use them at high speed on the highway, but…the direct-from-China price is somewhat affordable as a result. There are no sprockets or chains to maintain and replace, but that also means you cannot adjust the final drive ratio by changing the sprocket tooth-counts. Plus the efficiency is less than optimal because the motor is spinning at the RPM’s of the wheel. Here is a link to a video review.

14. Italian Volt Lacama

This is a sport-bike, and I have to confess that I really like the way that it looks. Soon…reviewers in the US will be providing ride-reports, and I hope it runs as good as it looks.

15. Voxan Wattman

This is a very wild-looking model that would fit right in as a movie prop about a futuristic society. This company is from France. Mounting a single rear suspension shock on the side has recently been used by frame designers to allow the bike to be as short as possible. This time, the Wattman uses this configuration to take the existing long wheelbase and use as much of it as possible for a large battery and motor system.

The 2018 Voxan Wattman

16. Lito Sora

The Lito Sora is from Quebec Canada, and…nobody can accuse them of being afraid of bold styling. If you like this…don’t look up what the price is.

17. Tacita T-Cruise

Tacita is from Modena, Italy. This is a large and heavy cruiser, and i suspect it will acquire a major improvement when solid-state batteries become available in 2020, which could either lower its weight or extend its range.

18. Harley-Davidson Livewire

What can I say about the Livewire that hasn’t already been said by 100 other websites? I’m happy to see that they will make some of these, in order to make sure they won’t get caught off-guard “IF” electric motorcycle sales start to take off (they will), but…these aren’t being made to sell to the public just yet. You won’t have to wonder when the retail units actually begin to arrive in the hands of reviewers. Trust me…they will tell you. None of us will be able to escape the PR flood…

Two interesting bits I could find are that…some of the early development team members were formerly on the Lightning TTXGP race team, and…This model is slated to come out right about 2020, when Solid-State Batteries (SSB’s) will be available. These will double the range of a lithium-Ion battery pack of a given size, which is a crucial design element for a motorcycle…especially for a brand that prides itself on the long-range of its products.

19. Agility Motors, Saietta R

As much as I want to encourage anyone who is trying to produce an EV, the Saietta R uses a very bold and unconventional style, and this is partially to encase a very large battery pack. It also uses an obscure and sophisticated front suspension, which is another risk. I hope they succeed well enough to continue innovating. Agility Motors is based in the UK.

20. Mankame EP-1

The Mankame company is from India, and the info on the internet claims the EP-1 model is in production, but…all I could find right now is this graphic. It looks good to me, and I hope they are real.

21. Sine Cycles

The cruiser style of frame is something that is usually very polarizing. Either riders love them or hate them. Well…I’ve owned a sportbike, and…I’ve owned a cruiser…I loved them both. I must confess that this appeals to me very much. I think it’s beautiful, and…I also like the spartan style, with a lack of clutter. The motor, battery, controller, and charger were purchased directly from Zero. As soon as my current wife kicks me out?… I will be buying one of these…

22. Denzel / Dorn “Honda Cafe Racer” ECR V1

The engineer Alex Guliyants from Denzel electric bikes decided to make a Cafe racer from a Honda 125cc “roller” donor frame (which is readily available). He recently hired artist Pablo Baranoff Dorn to help with the vintage styling details of this electric cafe racer. They are available on Indiegogo right now. That may sound sketchy, but…Denzel has been around for a while (making electric bicycles), so they are a real company. I like it.

23. Evoke Urban-S

All I’ve found out today is…they have dealers in the Netherlands, and Belgium. I will find out more and post it here later. It has an attractive purchase price, and it appears to actually be in production. Be aware it uses a rear hub motor, so unsprung weight should restrict it to smooth roads because of the high unsprung weight.

24. Emflux Model-1

This sport bike is based in India, and it looks good to me…

The 2019 Emflux Model-1

25. Johammer J1

Johammer is based in Austria, and the J1 is …innovative? It uses an obscure front suspension type that may have certain benefits, but…the most obvious feature is the bold style of the bodywork. I would like to suggest that it may be an updated tribute to the 1929 Majestic, but with an electric drivetrain…The unusual front suspension looks suspiciously like it was derived from the 1993 Yamaha GTS1000.

26. Jambon-Beurre Gloria

This company is from France, and the prototype shown below is clearly not “street legal”. However, their first product for sale to the public is in development, and it is a street-legal version of this “scrambler” style electric motorcycle. I like it.

27. Menza Motors Lucat

From India, possibly in development. Likely to be “looking for investors”.

28. Ethec

This is a prototype designed by 13 university students from Zurich, Switzerland. It has an enormous battery pack for long-range, made from 18650-format cells. It is also a 2WD.

29. Curtiss Zeus

The Curtiss company is based in Alabama, and this caught my eye because they are partnered with Zero for technical design expertise. They use a very unusual style, and also a “girder” style of front suspension…It is named after Glenn Curtiss, one of my heroes…

30. Roehr eSuperBike

I had never heard about Roehr Motorcycles until my research for this article. They are a small operation in Illinois, and even though they started out building low-production superbikes with gasoline engines, they came to a point when they realized that the electric motorcycle industry was a completely new field with lots of opportunities, so…They put together an electric racer for the 2010 TTXGP. But…after that impressive initial introduction to the motorcycle world, they filed for bankruptcy in 2012.

31. Mission RS

The Mission Motorcycles company won the US leg of the 2011 TTXGP, and they then attempted to sell an electric superbike to the public. The pic below is Jay Leno on the Mission-RS from his youtube channel “Jay Leno’s Garage”. They sadly had to file for bankruptcy for lack of sales. As cliche as this may sound, I truly believe they were simply ahead of their time.

Out of all of the orphaned electric motorcycle models, this is the one that makes me the saddest. Sure…it was expensive, but…where are the Saudi oil sheik princes when we need them?

32. Brammo Enertia, Enertia Plus

The Brammo company has a “wild ride” history (see below). Their initial product was an electric motorcycle that was not truly able to maintain highways speeds (50-MPH at best), so…in spite of it looking like a motorcycle, it was a scooter by any reasonable definition. The Enertia Plus had a higher top speed and longer range.

That being said, the world needs something like this to exist. The final-drive gear ratio of existing Enertia owners should be reduced, to increase torque (which would also reduce top speed), but…other than that…it is actually a very good-looking product.

33. Brammo / Victory Empulse

The Brammo Empulse had a lot of things going for it (having started in Ashland, Oregon) but…it has still fallen by the wayside. After they burst onto the racing scene, they were bought by the global Polaris company [most known for producing snowmobiles]. Polaris also formed the Victory motorcycle division to make-and-sell large cruisers to compete with Harley-Davidson. Polaris then also purchased the production rights to the defunct Indian motorcycle brand, which then came roaring back as a surprise success.

Shortly after the time when Victory began selling and servicing Brammo Empulse motorcycles (now built-in Iowa) alongside their gasoline models (at a few select dealerships), the success of the Indian brand influenced Polaris to close down the Victory brand. Their Indian cruiser brand has not announced whether they will carry the Brammo Empulse, so the Brammo patents and copyrights might either collect dust for a while or be sold to another corporation. Only time will tell. Polaris has sold some of the Brammo assets to Cummins, who is best known for large diesel engines. Confused yet?

One of the quirks of the Brammo Empulse is that they used an off-the-shelf 6-speed transmission and clutch. This did allow the motor to be smaller, and it also gave potential buyers a more familiar riding experience. However, …it may have also been a miscalculation that didn’t pay off.

It’s a spaghetti-ball of confusion, so…a few months from now I will perform a deep-dive into this and write an in-depth article on this interesting historic example. Just know that…the few owners who got their hands on one seem to be very passionate about how great it handled from the very beginning.