PARIS—France will start screening passengers arriving at French airports from Ebola-stricken regions, as the deadly virus continues to spread across West Africa and has reached Europe and the U.S.

The office of President François Hollande on Wednesday announced the preventive measures, after Mr. Hollande held a video conference with U.S. President Barack Obama and leaders of the U.K., Italy, and Germany.

The five leaders also discussed the situation in Syria and Ukraine, the Élysée Palace said in a statement.