The House Appropriations Committee announced the members who will chair its 12 subcommittees today. At the same time, the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee announced the Republican members and chairs of its six subcommittees. There is no change for NASA and NOAA, but the House Appropriations Defense Subcommittee will get a new chairwoman — Kay Granger of Texas. She joins fellow Texans in chairing key space-related committees and subcommittees.

Appropriations committees determine how much money federal departments and agencies get and how they must spend it. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees each have 12 subcommittees that oversee all of the government’s “discretionary spending” — the funding Congress debates each year, as compared with “mandatory” spending such as Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, and interest on the national debt, which is set by other means.

Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen (R-NJ) is the new House Appropriations Committee chairman, replacing Rep. Hal Rogers (R-KY) who hit a 6-year term limit imposed

by House rules and had to relinquish the job. Rogers had indicated interest in chairing the defense appropriations subcommittee, which oversees about half of all discretionary spending, but that went to Rep. Kay Granger of Texas instead. She is beginning her 11th term in Congress. Frelinghuysen chaired the defense subcommittee in the last Congress and Granger was his vice-chairwoman. She represents a district that includes Fort Worth and is a champion of Lockheed Martin’s F-35 program. F-35s are assembled at a plant in Fort Worth. President-elect Donald Trump has been critical of the F-35’s cost. Granger’s views on national security space programs is unclear. (Rogers will chair the State-Foreign Operations subcommittee.)

Rep. John Culberson, also of Texas, will continue to chair the Commerce-Justice-Science (CJS) subcommittee that oversees NASA and NOAA, as well as the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). He is a planetary science enthusiast, particularly of a mission to Jupiter’s moon Europa because he believes life will be discovered there. In a November 30, 2016 interview with Science, he expressed skepticism about the value of OSTP or a revived National Space Council, and support for earth science research, though he was coy about whether that should be a NASA responsibility.

The Senate Commerce Committee is an authorization committee that oversees NASA and NOAA. Authorization committees set policy and recommend funding levels, but do not have any money to spend. Only appropriators have money, but they are supposed to be guided by the recommendations of authorization committees, which are expected to have more detailed knowledge of an agency’s activities.

NASA is overseen by the Science, Space and Competitiveness Subcommittee, which will continue to be chaired by Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas. Cruz was busy running for President in the last Congress and held few hearings on space, but in those that he did, he expressed support for space exploration — with earth science to be reassigned to other agencies — and commercial space. Other Republican members of the subcommittee are from Utah (Mike Lee), Colorado (Cory Gardner), Kansas (Jerry Moran), Alaska (Dan Sullivan), Wisconsin (Ron Johnson), and West Virginia (Shelley Moore Capito).

NOAA is the responsibility of the subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries and Coast Guard. It will be chaired by Dan Sullivan of Alaska. Other members are from Wisconsin (Ron Johnson), Mississippi (Roger Wicker), Oklahoma (Jim Inhofe), Colorado (Cory Gardner), Utah (Mike Lee), and Indiana (Todd Young).

In the House, Rep. Lamar Smith, another Texan, will continue to chair the House Science, Space and Technology Committee. It oversees NASA, NOAA, the FAA’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation, and NOAA and its Office of Space Commerce. The top Democrat on the committee, Eddie Bernie Johnson, also is from Texas, as is the Republican chairman of the Space Subcommittee, Brian Babin.

Updated with clarification that Rep. Rogers will chair the House Appropriations State-Foreign Ops subcommittee. Also, Rep. Mario Diaz-Balart of Florida will continue to chair the Transportation-HUD subcommittee, which funds the FAA and its Office of Commercial Space Transportation, and Rep. Ken Calvert of California will continue to chair the Interior-Environment subcommittee, which funds the U.S. Geological Survey (which operates the Landsat satellites).