March 13: This post has been corrected.

When Dollars for Docs first launched in 2010, ProPublica spoke with several of the dozens of doctors who had earned more than $200,000 from their speaking and consulting work for drug companies. Now, with records from more companies and more years of data, we’ve identified 22 doctors who’ve earned at least $500,000 since 2009 — including one, Jon Draud, who was paid more than $1 million.

Most of these in-demand speakers hail from a just handful of states: four each from New York and Texas, and two each from California, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Tennessee. Half are psychiatrists, including three of the top four earners. The most commonly represented drug companies are Merck and Pfizer — 15 of the 22 doctors speak or consult for each of them. And all but one of the doctors are men.

Amounts listed below are for speaking and consulting only; compensation for travel, meals, research and other categories is excluded. The disclosures include payments to doctors dating back to 2009 for many drug companies, though others do not go back as far. If the recipients have separately disclosed relationships with drug companies that are not in Dollars for Docs, they are noted.

Jon Draud Location: Nashville, Tenn. Board Certification: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Medical School: University of Kentucky, Class of 1990 Amount: $1,009,213 Companies: AstraZeneca, Cephalon, Eli Lilly, Forest, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer Draud, the medical director of the Psychiatric Hospitalist Program at Baptist Hospital and Middle Tennessee Medical Center, stated in a conference biography in 2010 that he has “delivered over 3,500 professional lectures to medical personnel.” Draud previously has disclosed financial relationships with Angelini-Biopharm, Sanofi-Aventis, Sunovion and Takeda. He did not respond to requests for comment.

Gerald Sacks Location: Santa Monica, Calif. Board Certification: American Board of Anesthesiology Medical School: University of Massachusetts, Class of 1983 Amount: $730,400 Companies: Cephalon, Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly, Pfizer Sacks specializes in pain management. He declined to comment about his speaking when reached by ProPublica in March. He previously has disclosed a financial relationship with Abbott Laboratories.

Gustavo Alva Location: Costa Mesa, Calif. Board Certification: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Medical School: Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Class of 1990 Amount: $663,751 Companies: AstraZeneca, Forest, Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer Alva is the medical director of ATP Clinical Research, a private clinical research company specializing in neuropsychiatric investigations. He previously served as assistant clinical professor of psychiatryat the University of California, Irvine. Reached about his speaking, Alva told ProPublica, “I actually enjoy the aspect of educating my counterparts about developments in the field.”

Warren Joseph Location: Philadelphia, Pa. Medical School: Dr. William M. Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine, Class of 1981 Amount: $652,412 Companies: Merck, Pfizer, Valeant Joseph is a podiatrist at Roxborough Memorial Hospital in Philadelphia. He is editor of the Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association and a fellow of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. "Yes, I go out and spread this information to my colleagues and it is often paid for by industry," Joseph said in an email to ProPublica, referring to diabetes research conducted in the private sector, including by pharmaceutical companies. "However, by doing so I know I have saved countless limbs and lives. Frankly, I don't see anything nefarious about that."

Lawrence DuBuske Location: Gardner, Mass. Board Certification: American Board of Allergy and Immunology Medical School: Northwestern University, Class of 1978 Amount: $651,524 Companies: AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis In 2010, DeBuske resigned from Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston because the Harvard-affiliated teaching hospital had adopted a policy prohibiting its doctors from speaking on behalf of drug companies, according to the Boston Globe. He did not respond to requests for comment.

Henry A. Nasrallah Location: Cincinnati, Ohio Board Certification: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Medical School: American University of Beirut, 1972 Amount: $647,341 Companies: AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer Nasrallah, a psychiatrist, is an associate dean and professor at the University of Cincinnati’s College of Medicine, as well as the director of its schizophrenia program. According to a guest speaker biography for a University of Arizona psychopharmacology course, Nasrallah served at the chair of Ohio State University’s psychiatry department for 12 years. Reached by ProPublica, he declined to comment.

John Osborne Location: Grapevine, Texas Board Certification: American Board of Internal Medicine Medical School: Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Class of 1990 Amount: $622,286 Companies: AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis John Osborne has a Ph.D. in cardiovascular physiology from Thomas Jefferson University. He completed postdoctoral training at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. He is the founder and director of State of the Heart Cardiology and is a faculty member at the University of Texas at Arlington. Osborne agreed to a Texas Medical Board order on Feb. 8, 2013, that assessed a $3,000 administrative penalty and subjected his practice to periodic review by an outside monitor. The order says a nurse in Osborne’s office prescribed medications for a patient who had not been examined by Osborne or his nurse practitioner. Osborne did not respond to requests for comment.

Ronald Balkissoon Location: Denver, Colo. Medical School: McMaster University, Class of 1988 Amount: $613,612 Companies: AstraZeneca, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis Balkissoon specializes in pulmonary disease. He previously served as an assistant professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Balkissoon previously has disclosed financial relationships with Boehringer Ingelheim and Genentech. He could not be reached for comment.

Rakesh Jain Location: Lake Jackson, Texas Board Certification: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Medical School: University of Calcutta Amount: $582,049 Companies: Forest, Eli Lilly, Merck, Pfizer Jain specializes in psychiatry and serves as director of psychiatric drug research for R/D Clinical Research in Lake Jackson. Jain previously has disclosed financial relationships with AstraZeneca, Addrenex, Pamlab, Shionogi, Shire and Sunovion. Reached about his speaking, Jain told ProPublica, “I am not a marketer, I am an educator.”

Matthew Brams Location: Houston, Texas Board Certification: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Medical School: University of Texas at Houston, Class of 1987 Amount: $571,955 Companies: AstraZeneca, Cephalon, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer Brams, a psychiatrist, serves as director of Depelchin Children’s Center and Bayou City Research. Brams also serves as a senior national board examiner for the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. Reached about his speaking, Brams told ProPublica that companies were interested in his research involving their drugs and had approached him: “When you’re an investigator, you may be one of only a handful of doctors who has information on them.”

David A. Rizzieri Location: Durham, N.C. Board Certification: American Board of Internal Medicine Medical School: University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Class of 1991 Amount: $567,300 Companies:Cephalon, Novartis,GlaxoSmithKline Rizzieri specializes in cell therapy and hematologica at Duke Medicine, part of the Duke University Health System, where he completed a fellowship. Reached by ProPublica, Rizzieri said in an email that he is doing less industry-sponsored speaking and has refocused his efforts on a program at the university’s Division of Cellular Therapy called “Duke Debates,” which engages physicians, nurses and pharmacists in education and research initiatives.

Stanley Nasraway Location: Boston, Mass. Board Certification American Board of Internal Medicine Medical School: University of Southern California, Class of 1983 Amount: $552,775 Companies: GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pfizer Nasraway is director of the surgical intensive care unit at Tufts New England Medical Center. He also serves as an associate professor of Tufts Medical School and has been member of clinical advisory board at Echo Therapeutics since 2005. He did not respond to requests for comment.

Todd Hess Location: St. Paul, Minn. Board Certification: American Board of Anesthesiology Medical School: University of Minnesota, Class of 1986 Amount: $542,900 Companies: Forest, Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly, Pfizer Hess is director of United Pain Center, a clinic based at United Hospital in St. Paul that specializes in treating chronic pain. Reached about his speaking, Hess told ProPublica, “I don’t feel like I’m a salesman at all. I feel like I’m educating physicians.”

Leslie Citrome Location: Suffern, N.Y. Board Certification: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Medical School: McGill University, Class of 1983 Amount: $530,569 Companies: AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer Citrome is a psychiatrist at Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center in Suffern. He has researched schizophrenia and has a master’s in public health from Columbia’s Mailman School of Public Health. Reached by ProPublica, Citrome declined to comment about his speaking work.

Vladimir Maletic Location: Greer, S.C. Board Certification: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Medical School: University of Belgrade, Class of 1981 Amount: $527,850 Companies: Cephalon, Eli Lilly, Merck Maletic specializes in psychiatry. He completed a residency in psychiatry at the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, followed by a residency in child psychiatry at Duke University. Reached by ProPublica about his speaking, Maletic said he believes that “good quality education about pharmaceutical products may be beneficial to both physicians and their patients.”

Robert Busch Location: Albany, N.Y. Board Certification: American Board of Internal Medicine Medical School: University of Pennsylvania, Class of 1978 Amount: $527,688 Companies: AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis Busch is an endocrinologist. Reached about his speaking by ProPublica, Busch said he gives about 100 talks a year, most of them in the Northeast. “I don’t know why they choose me, but they do,” Busch said of the companies that contact him about speaking. Busch said he has turned down offers to speak about drugs that he doesn’t endorse, including Avandia, a diabetes drug that remains available despite a U.S. Food and Drug Administration study that recommended taking it off the market.

Elizabeth Race Location: Dallas, Texas Board Certification: American Board of Internal Medicine Medical School: University of Texas at Galveston, Class of 1991 Amount: $516,070 Companies: GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Viiv Race specializes in infectious disease. Reached about her speaking ProPublica, she said her industry sponsored work helped pay for trips to train doctors in treating HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in South Africa and Belize. “It has been a blessing to do AIDS and TB work funded by that kind of money,” she said. Race, who was formerly affiliated with the University of Texas Southwestern, emphasized that she is now self-employed and is not bound by universityconflict-of-interest policies.

Sanjay Gupta Location: Buffalo, N.Y. Board Certification: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Medical School: University of Delhi, Class of 1984 Amount: $515,329 Companies: AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis Sanjay Gupta is a clinical professor at SUNY Upstate Medical University, where he completed his residency, as well as at SUNY at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. He was formerly president of Global Research & Consulting, Inc. Gupta did not return calls from ProPublica. He is not the Sanjay Gupta who is chief medical correspondent for CNN.

James Woods Location: Memphis, Tenn. Board Certification: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Medical School: University of Tennessee, Class of 1991 Amount: $512,306 Companies: AstraZeneca, Forest, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer Woods practices with the Psychiatry Group in Memphis. He did not respond to requests for comment.