Buying guide to choose the right sander

Choosing the right sander for the right surface How to choose different types of sanding machines for the different surfaces to be recovered. Angle sander, vibration sander, eccentric sander, belt sander. How to find your way around? Angle sander: for large irregularities. Able to remove a lot of material. Eccentric Sander: For small irregularities Vibrating Sander: To install sandpaper. It is designed for flat surfaces. Angle sander: Ideal for difficult corners.

The DIY market is booming in France. More than 24 billion euros is on average what the French spend annually on DIY tools and accessories. The gloomy economic situation will not have overtaken this particularly prosperous niche. The devices are further improved, simplifying the execution of the work, with the guarantee of a gain in efficiency.

Sanding machines are no exception to this trend and are among the tools with the highest sales volumes. But choosing the right sander from among so many others is a real headache for many. Between those with tape, tape, vibrating, orbital or eccentric, the offer is indeed very plethoric and we can get lost if we lack practical information on the different types available, their technical characteristics, fields of use, or the elements that make you prefer one model to another.

How to choose your sander? What are the main selection criteria to be considered? What are the different types of sanding machines and to which ones are they suitable for use? Here are some of the questions you will find answers to here, to get started buying this portable power tool, with complete peace of mind.

A sander, what for?

A must have for any DIYer, professional or amateur, the sander is an electro-portable machine that is used to sand a surface, i. e. polish it, strip it. This machine can take different shapes or sizes and be used for a multitude of purposes. A distinction is made between manual sanders, which are not equipped with motors (nowadays less and less used), and electric sanders, which operate thanks to the integration of a motor. With variable power, the latter are faster and more efficient. The promise with an electric sander is to obtain more conclusive results in a short time and without great effort on the part of the user.

Used by painters to remove paint from a surface (wall, furniture, etc.), as a prelude to the installation of new coats, by plasterers to polish ceilings and by carpenters to level a door or the surface of a piece of furniture, the sander is more generally used in all surface milling work. Each application has its own specific type of sander. The different models available on the market can be grouped into two main categories: portable sanders (the most popular and ideal for DIY) and stationary sanders, most often used by professionals and manufacturers. While the latter are available in field, contact and disc sanding machines, laptops exist in different sub-categories such as :

Belt sanders

Belt sanding machines

Vibrating sanding machines (classic or triangular)

Orbital sanding machines or eccentric

As we noted earlier, electric sanders are the most common on the market. Their operating mechanism is simple. They are usually made up of self-gripping trays, on which abrasive papers are fixed. The sanding is driven by an integrated electric motor, whose power varies from one subcategory to another, and depending on the model.

Update on the different types of sanding machines and their use

Belt sanders

Belt sanders are suitable for work on large surfaces (parquet floorboards, beams, floors, wooden partitions, wooden floors, etc.), which require a high removal capacity. They are generally used to remove paint or roughen wood.

This type of tool only runs from front to back and consists of two parallel rollers. On them is fixed a strip of abrasive paper, driven by a rotating movement that sanding with each passage of the machine. It is a powerful but also noisy type of sander. It can be carried with both hands, due to its heaviness (weight varying between 4 and 8 kilograms). Another drawback is that its use can cause significant dust clouds, depending in particular on the intensity of the work.

The belt sander is not necessarily suitable for precision work. Nevertheless, in order for the sanding result to be suitable, it is advisable to start with a medium grit abrasive and finish with a fine abrasive (at least 3 passes from the coarsest to the finest grit). In addition, its use requires sufficient strength and control, at the risk of rough planing or damaging the object being worked on. They are the most expensive sanding machines to buy and also to use. Indeed, as expensive as the machine itself is, Both abrasive sheets are expensive.

In addition, for corners that are difficult to access, a type of belt sander is particularly suitable: the electric file. Thinner, it adopts a handy structure and allows not only to sand, but also to file.

Belt sanding machines

A belt sander is a smaller version of the belt sander. It is effective for sanding small areas and corners that are difficult to reach with a standard belt sander. In contrast to the conventional belt variant, it is lighter and offers more manoeuvrability and flexibility.

Like the belt sander, the belt sander has two rollers that, driven by the motor, rotate and drive an abrasive belt to do the sanding work. It is obviously less powerful (on average between 650 and 1200 watts) and less expensive.

The classic vibratory sanding machines

Equipped with a rectangular base, the classic vibrating sander operates with ultra-fast small circular movements – it rotates at nearly 10,000 movements / minute. This variant is generally used to sand painted surfaces, before applying new coats of paint, level and smooth the wood before varnishing, waxing or painting. It can also be used to sand corner surfaces in the absence of a triangular sander.

Thanks to its ultra-fast rotation system, the classic vibratory sander makes it possible to achieve a homogeneous and scratch-free sanding. However, this machine is not suitable for sanding heat-sensitive materials such as hard varnish or glue or for heavy-duty work. With its light weight and reasonable power (between 150 to 400 Watts, or even 600 Watts for the professional versions), the sander vibrating classic sanding easily and efficiently for large surfaces. However, compared to the triangular vibrating sander, this machine is not as efficient when it comes to working areas with angles.

Triangular vibrating sanding machines

The triangular vibrating sander is the perfect finishing sander. As its name suggests, this machine is equipped with a triangular-shaped tray. Often referred to as a “delta sander”, it is perfectly suited for sanding angular surfaces. This variant is specially designed to access even the sharpest corners.

Also used for finishing work in areas not easily accessible to ordinary sanders, it is also perfect for working on stair railings, shutter slats or balusters, among others. Its removal capacity is almost the same as that of a conventional vibratory sander.

Eccentric sanding machines

As its name suggests, the eccentric sander sanding with eccentric and circular movements. Equipped with a soft rubber sole, it can be used to sand curved or curved surfaces such as car bodies. The eccentric sander is suitable for preparatory work for painting or varnishing. When you replace your tray with a polishing disc, you can use it to polish. The round shape of its base also makes it perfect for corner sanding work.

This particularly flexible sander offers many possibilities of use. The eccentric sander can operate either in vibration mode, when pressure is applied, or in combined mode, when pressure is not applied. It allows a high precision finishing work. In addition, it is advisable to choose models with engines that deliver at least one power of 200 Watts.

Orbital sanding machines

The orbital sander is an eccentric sander equipped with an oscillating plate. Its sole is round and it performs a combination of rotational and oscillating movements. This is what justifies its versatility. Thanks to its construction, it makes it possible to sand by removing more materials, with the guarantee of obtaining results worthy of a semi-finishing. The orbital sander is suitable for work on flat or curved surfaces.

Thanks to its rotating drum, rotating on itself at a frequency of up to 15,000 rpm, and connected to a powerful motor, the orbital sander is particularly suitable for sanding parquet floors. Like its eccentric counterpart, it is suitable for working on small curved surfaces.

The selection criteria to choose when buying a sander

Choosing a sander that is suitable for a specific activity that is regularly practiced is not easy, especially for amateur craftsmen and self-taught DIYers. However, it becomes simpler when we refer to certain aspects, more or less important.

The essential criteria to consider when purchasing a sander are of various kinds. Depending on the intended use, one type may be more recommended than another. That being said, here are some things to consider when buying a sander.

The power supply mode of the machine (wired or wireless)

An electric sander can be wired or wireless. In the first case, the machine is equipped with a power cable and operates with the power from a standard electrical outlet. A wireless sander works with a rechargeable electric battery. The choice of one or the other depends on the duration or use of the machine, but also, and especially, the proximity or not of a sector for food.

A cordless sander can be used when the machine is intended for small repairs or short-term DIY work. The power of this type is less and should be suitable for an occasional handyman. It will then be necessary to be attentive to the battery and the autonomy it provides. Lithium-Ion batteries, which are more efficient, with a shorter recharging time (one hour on average) are preferred over Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-Mh) batteries. Moreover, most manufacturers are getting into the Lithium-Ion era.

In addition, when it comes to regularly sanding large surfaces – which requires more work time – the electric mains sander is recommended.

The presence of a suction system (integrated or external)

Depending on the model, the sander can be equipped with either an integrated suction system with a dust collection tank or with a device to connect a larger external vacuum cleaner. In either case, there are holes in the trays and abrasive belts to ensure suction. Sophisticated models are also equipped with microfilters that retain as little dust as possible.

Although there are devices without a vacuum system, most modern sanders have at least an integrated vacuum cleaner and a filtration system. These elements are intended to prevent the handyman from inhaling dust, thus preserving his health.

When the machine is intended for regular use on small surfaces, for example, in an enclosed space, it is preferable to use a thumb machine equipped with a suction mechanism. On the other hand, When it comes to large surfaces and you are looking for more power, flexibility and manoeuvrability, the sander with external vacuum cleaner connection device is recommended.

The electronic speed variator

An electronic variable speed drive is a device used to automatically adjust the speed of the electric motor integrated into the sander. A single speed machine would only be usable on a very limited number of surfaces. To have more possibilities, it is preferable to refer to a sander equipped with a motor with several speed levels, adjustable from a trigger. Depending on whether you are looking for a perfect finish or to roughen wood, for example, this type of sander allows you to work at a low or high speed.

The weight of the device

The weight of the sander is one of the essential criteria to consider when purchasing a sanding machine, and more generally any device used for manual work. Too heavy equipment can hardly be transportable, but above all manipulable. For DIY, it is better to turn to models whose weight will not be a handicap for its user. The latter are easier to transport, manoeuvre and offer more flexibility. They are generally made of lightweight materials, to minimize vibration and avoid overloading the carrier.

But be careful, it is absolutely necessary to ensure the quality of these construction materials, because the durability and resistance of the sander depend on it. Magnesium is commonly used by manufacturers and is appreciated for its properties. That being said, choose sanding machines with a weight of less than 2 kg. On the market, the weight of a sander can reach up to 10 kg.

The diameter and shape of the

self-scratching tray

Depending on the configuration and size of the surface to be sanded, the diameter and shape of the self-gripping tray, on which the abrasive paper is fixed, may be essential elements to consider.

The diameter of the plate for sanding a completely flat surface is not necessarily the same as that required for sanding a curved surface. On this subject, to sand in an angle, a rectangular or triangular shaped tray should be used instead of a cylindrical structure.

The complexity of the sanding device

The more complex the sanding device, the more difficult it will be for the handyman to maintain his sander. This electroportable requires regular maintenance (cleaning the system, replacing abrasive paper, etc.). For self-taught DIYers or beginners, the ideal is to equip themselves with a simple machine that is easy to use, dismantle and maintain. For a sander with a suction system, for example, it is important that the extraction housing can be easily removed to allow effective cleaning.

The power of the engine

A powerful engine is synonymous with efficiency and speed of execution of the task at hand. The search for a sander equipped with a robust motor should not be systematic. The harder the surface to be sanded – and therefore the greater the need for roughening – the more powerful a machine will be needed. When you are not a professional and when you occasionally tinker, there is no need to rely on a sander that is too powerful. Moreover, this represents a significant investment.

For irregular uses, focus instead on flexibility, fineness of results, whether for roughening or finishing. A small engine will do the trick. On the other hand, the professionals must turn to engines whose power is suitable for demanding work. On the market, you will have the choice between 100 to 300 Watts sanders, for battery powered models. On the other hand, the power can be up to 1200 Watts for professional sanders.

Ergonomics of the sander structure

Ergonomics here refers to the more or less easy handling allowed by the structure of the sander. Almost all models available on the market are equipped with handles, so that the grip is easy to use. This is a minimum, because without it, the use of the device can only be tedious.

However, it all depends on the number of handles included. Some sanding machines have only one handle, while others are equipped with an additional removable handle, similar to a height-adjustable pole. Sanding on the floor, ceiling or a vertical surface requires appropriate postures and this double handle configuration lends itself to all working conditions and ensures greater comfort. Moreover, a sander equipped with a boom is recommended for work at height, on a vertical surface or on the ceiling.

The anti-vibration system

An anti-vibration system works like a shock absorber and absorbs vibrations. A sander equipped with such a mechanism offers more comfort of use and a homogeneous sanding. Obviously, using a device that emits too much vibration is particularly annoying, especially for demanding jobs. The ideal is therefore to take this parameter into account when purchasing. However, the choice must be made according to the user’s budget.

The availability of spare parts

For some models, finding spare parts on the market can become a real headache. It is therefore important to any order, to ensure that the manufacturer offers spare parts. Generally, for well-known brand devices, you will be able to get them without difficulty.

Finally, the choice of sander can be made between models with or without coal. Coal-free sanders are recommended for their low energy consumption, motor strength and longer service life. However, the coal criterion is more relevant for professional sanders. When we only try to tinker occasionally, we are not obliged to take this into account.

Which brands of sanding machine to use?

There are a multitude of brands of sanders on the market. The major manufacturers invested in the tooling niche are also developing a sanding machine offer. Among these, some are more dubbed by sanding professionals and others are popular and more in demand by amateurs and occasional do-it-yourselfers. For the latter, the price-quality ratio of the product at the time of purchase is indeed a priority element. As for professional sanders, they are generally more expensive, but offer more convincing performance.

If you are looking for a professional model, look for products from brands such as: HITACHI, METABO, FLEX or MAKITA. Manufacturers such as BOSCH, BLACK & DECKER, STANLEY or RYOBI also have the particularity of offering perfect machines, for professional or amateur use.

How to use an electric sander properly?

The sander is an electric machine with a more or less powerful motor depending on the model. Handling it therefore necessarily involves risks. For safe use, it is important to follow some basic rules.

Above all, the wearing of a protective device is essential as a prelude to all sanding work. These equipments are for example protective glasses, to prevent debris from reaching the eyes, or a mask to avoid dust inhalation. The interest is to reinforce the safety of the handyman and to preserve his health. In the same way, it is important, when it comes to a wire sander, that the power cord is behind the user and not in front of him.

To protect the sanding machine, it is always necessary to ensure that the sanding surface does not have protruding elements such as a nail, as this may damage the tool. It is also necessary to check that the abrasive paper is perfectly in place and well stretched. When working on a large surface, the use of a clamp or vise is necessary to keep the object to be sanded stable and flat.

Checking the machine’s operating speed and the pressure applied are other basic rules to follow. Too high a speed or pressure can damage or even render the sanded part unusable. Always start sanding gently and gradually increase if necessary.