



Movement / Posture / Pressure How to measure it:

Video (e.g. Kinect)

Accelerometers

Flex sensors

Pressure / force sensors



Dopper effect - https://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/redmond/groups/cue/soundwave/



What it can tell you:

Activity level

Measure walking / sitting / laying down

Measure force of steps

Heading direction (e.g. North)

Body position / proprioception

Biometric ID



How it can be used:

Gesture detection

Posture correction

Monitor activity during wake/sleep

Corrective shoes to reduce force on joints

Measure force of football player's concussions

Monitor force of boxer's punches



Supplies Links:

Kinect - http://www.xbox.com/en-GB/kinect

Accelerometer - http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=879

Flex sensor - http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=8712

wii tilt - http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=8563

Pressure sensor with I2C out - http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9478

Force sensitive resistor - http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9375

DIY information - http://www.cc.gatech.edu/ccg/resources/btacc/

Hackables:

Wiitilt - http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=8563

Kinect - http://www.xbox.com/en-GB/kinect

Wakemate Actigraphy - http://wakemate.com/about/

Fitbit - http://www.fitbit.com/product

BodyMedia Fit - http://www.bodymedia.com/

Bodybugg Armband Sensor - http://www.bodybugg.com/science_behind_bodybugg.php References:

Moeslund et al. 2006, A survey of advances in vision-based human motion capture and analysis.





Temperature How to measure it:

Temperature sensor

Infrared (IR) thermography camera



What it can tell you:

Fever / hypothermia

Activity levels / patterns



How it can be used:

Illness detectors



Monitor activity

Night vision



Supply links:

Temperature sensor with serial out - http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=245

Temperature sensor with analog out - http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9438

Fever Alert cameras - http://www.palmerwahl.com/fever-alert-products.php

Bodybugg Armband Sensor - http://www.bodybugg.com/science_behind_bodybugg.php





Muscle activity How to measure it:

EMG (electromyography) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromyography

meaure the differential voltage from two electrodes on the skin and amplify the signal.







What it can tell you:

Occurence of muscle contractions

Strength of muscle contractions



How it can be used:

Monitor movement

Natural User Interfaces - https://getmyo.com/

Monitor stress/tension

Art / music -

http://www.keyofj.com/PROJECTS/MULTI-SENSORY/multi-sensory-art.html

http://www.sciandmed.com/mppa/journalviewer.aspx?issue=1091&article=1004&action=1



Supply links:

EMG electrodes - http://www.electrodestore.com/EMG/EMG.lasso?ran=13151B06&S=6&T=oops

DIY information: A modified EKG circuit will likely work for EMG measurements if you put the two differential electrodes closer together - http://www.produceconsumerobot.com/heartfeltapparel/





Organ Volume How to measure it:

Plethysmography - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plethysmograph

Stretch sensor





What it can tell you:

Organ health

Arousal



How it can be used:

Diagnostic for medical intervention

Enhanced social interaction



Supplies Links:

Stretch sensors with resistance out - http://www.robotshop.com/images-scientific-4inch-stretch-sensor.html

DIY information - http://www.instructables.com/id/Circular-Knit-Stretch-Sensor/





Respiration How to measure it:

EMG

Microphone

Stretch sensor

Proximity sensor

Kinect - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5soUDaIxXcY

Camera - http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ONZcjs1Pjmk#t=3m30s

Pressure sensor

Doppler Radar



What it can tell you:

Breathing rate

Breathing depth

Activity level

Arousal level



How it can be used:

Biofeedback

Health monitoring

Excersize monitoring

Marketing, focus groups

Art - http://cl.itri.org.tw/~mediaart/blog/?p=132&cpage=1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AUEI_2BpNE

Polygraph - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygraph





Supplies Links:

EMG electrodes - http://www.electrodestore.com/EMG/EMG.lasso?ran=13151B06&S=6&T=oops

EKG circuit will work for EMG measurements if you put the two differential electrodes closer together -

http://img132.imageshack.us/img132/7010/frontendcp3.jpg

http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~prabal/teaching/eecs598-w10/readings/SLAA280A.pdf

Proximity sensors - http://www.sparkfun.com/products/8959

Stretch sensors with resistance out - http://www.robotshop.com/images-scientific-4inch-stretch-sensor.html

DIY information - http://www.instructables.com/id/Circular-Knit-Stretch-Sensor/









Oxygen Level / Blood Volume / BVP How to measure it:

Pulse oximetry - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_oximetry





What it can tell you:

Activity level

Emotional cues

- Increasing blood volume: angry, stress

- Decreasing blood volume: sadness, relaxation





How it can be used:

Biofeedback

Polygraph - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygraph

Health monitoring

Excersize monitoring

Games - http://www.engadget.com/2009/06/02/nintendo-wii-vitality-sensor-detects-your-pulse/

Marketing, focus groups

Fashion





Supplies Links:

http://www.savelives.com/cgi-bin/instock.pl?thisaction=step2&group=3&subgroup=4&fquery=&begin=0&itemnum=bcidfpa&itemspot=0

Wii vitality sensor - http://www.engadget.com/2009/06/02/nintendo-wii-vitality-sensor-detects-your-pulse/

DIY information: http://innovexpo.itee.uq.edu.au/2003/exhibits/s363328/thesis.pdf

http://suchamagicworld.blogspot.com/2008/04/still-alive-heartbeat-irsensor-report.html





Blood Pressure How to measure it:

Blood pressure cuff

Pulse Transit Time (PTT)

References:

Allen 2007. Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiological measurement.

Wong et al. 2009. An Evaluation of the Cufﬂess Blood Pressure Estimation Based on Pulse Transit Time Technique: a Half Year Study on Normotensive Subjects.







Electrodermal Activity (EDA) Also called Galvanic Skin Reponse (GSR) How to measure it:

Skin resistance changes caused by eccrine sweat gland release







Dooren et al. 2012



What it can tell you:

Emotional and physical arousal



How it can be used:

Biofeedback

Polygraph - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygraph

Marketing, focus groups

Fashion - http://produceconsumerobot.com/truth/







Supplies Links:

Truth Meter Kit - http://www.makershed.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductCode=MSGR01

Truth Wristband - http://www.makershed.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductCode=MKSM1

DIY information: http://www.produceconsumerobot.com/truth/

Basis - http://www.mybasis.com/

http://www.quantifiedbob.com/2013/04/liberating-your-data-from-the-basis-b1-band/

BodyMedia Fit Armband Sensor - http://www.bodymedia.com/the_science.html

Q Sensor - http://www.affectiva.com/q-sensor/









Facial Expression How to measure it:

Video

EMG

facial expressions picture



What it can tell you:

Emotional reactions





How it can be used:

Communication

Marketing - http://www.affectiva.com/

Art - "Face Visualizer" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLAma-lrJRM&feature=related



Supplies Links:

Avatar Kinect - http://www.xbox.com/en-GB/kinect





Eye Tracking How to measure it:

IR video, pupil tracking and corneal reflection - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_tracking

Electrooculography - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrooculography



What it can tell you:

Where people are looking



How it can be used:



Communication

Marketing

Cursor control - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgtr3sH4aY8

Gaming - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3il4fdAOvo



Supplies Links:

Eyewriter - http://www.eyewriter.org/

Seeing Machines Facelab Eye Tracker - http://www.seeingmachines.com/

Opengazer - http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/opengazer/

Tobii Eye Tracking Equipment - http://www.tobii.com/corporate/start.aspx

Seeing Machines Facelab Eye Tracker - http://www.seeingmachines.com/







Pupilometry How to measure it:

IR video



What it can tell you:

Sympathetic nervous system arousal, e.g. adrenaline



How it can be used:

Communication

Marketing

Biofeedback



Supplies Links:

See above





Brain Activity How to measure it:

Near-infrared spectroscopy - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-infrared_spectroscopy

Electroencephalography (EEG) - http://produceconsumerobot.com/pickyourbrain/







What it can tell you:

Delta waves - slow wave sleep

Alpha rhythms - relaxation

Beta rhythms - alertness / concentration

Gamma rhythms - location specific processing, e.g. gamma over visual cortex indicates visual processing

Evoked potentials - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evoked_potential

e.g. N100 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N100_(neuroscience) results from any unpredictable stimulus



How it can be used:

Communication

Prosthetics - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJ-HD4uIKdc

Cursor control - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJQ0HqThU4c

Gaming - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40L3SGmcPDQ&feature=fvst

Toys - http://www.toysrus.com/product/index.jsp?productId=3531167&CAWELAID=327246034

Marketing, focus groups

Fashion - http://produceconsumerobot.com/thinkingcap/





NeuroWear - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvHcBq7UaY0

Art - http://www.publicartfund.org/pafweb/projects/03/mori_s03.html







http://www.theascent.co/#/home

Music - http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8016869.stm





Supplies Links:

OpenBCI

http://www.openbci.com/

$300, 8 channel (daisy chain for more channels), wireless, open source, presently wet electrodes

Neurosky EEG Headgear

$30-200, mostly single channel dry electrode EEG systems/hackables

http://www.neurosky.com/

mindwave - http://store.neurosky.com/products/mindwave-1

xwave for iphone - http://store.neurosky.com/products/xwave

Chips - http://neurosky.com/Business/ThinkGearChipsets.aspx

OEM - http://neurosky.com/Business/OEM.aspx

neurosky - http://neurosky.com/Business/AcademicPapers.aspx

diy - http://neurosky.com/People/DIY.aspx

Hackable Toys:

Mattel Mindflex Game - http://www.mindflexgames.com/

Uncle Milton Force Trainer - http://unclemilton.com/starwarsscience/

Emotiv EPOC EEG Headgear

http://www.emotiv.com/

$500-750, 14 channel, Wireless EEG headset, SDK features depend on price, wet electrodes

Zeo Bedside

http://www.myzeo.com/sleep/

$100-150, wireless EEG strap, 1 channel, not clear if new version offers raw data access.

OpenEEG circuity

http://openeeg.sourceforge.net/

Open source hardware EEG (see precautions)

DIY information: http://www.produceconsumerobot.com/thinkingcap/

Muse

http://interaxon.ca/muse/what-is-muse.php

$299, 7 sensors, open SDK







Other Possibilities:

Thoughts and Emotions “… emotion is not a phenomenon but a construct, which is systematically produced by cognitive processes, subjective feelings, physiological arousal, motivational tendencies, and behavioral reactions.” Kim & André 2008.

Cai & Lin 2011.

