A few minutes later, Alljärv set off his charges, turning the mine into a plume of water, sediment and metal that rocketed into the air and released a pungent smell.

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One down, 80,000 or so to go.

That’s roughly how many mines are still floating in the Baltic Sea. “It’s unbelievable how many mines there still are,” said Cmdr. Peeter Ivask, the head of Estonia’s navy. “Our mission here will last decades.”

Mines and bombs from World War II also litter other bodies of water, including the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. But the only European states that have systematically attempted to clear the rusting weapons are those around the Baltic.

After World War II, the Allies decided to dump 300,000 metric tons of munitions into the ocean, which appeared to be the safest and most easily accessible disposal ground. But some of the weapons — including land mines containing mustard gas — were simply dropped into the Baltic and North seas rather than being taken to faraway dump sites.

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The result is a particularly dangerous stretch of water. Three Dutch fishermen were killed in 2005 after they accidentally reeled in a World War II American bomb, which then exploded. In August, 2,000 people were evacuated from the Polish resort city of Kolobrzeg after three bombs were discovered in the nearby bay. And throughout the Baltic Sea, fishermen are banned from accessing waters where the density of mines is so high that clearing the seabed is too expensive.

The waters near Baltic ports were especially common targets during the war and still pose the biggest risks today. Many mines are too close to shore to be destroyed on the spot; authorities must move them farther away, a dangerous prospect, before they can be detonated.

No area of the Baltic is more heavily mined than the waters near Tallinn. During World War II, the city was the gateway to St. Petersburg — then called Leningrad — and the Soviet Union’s Baltic Fleet. The Estonian government estimates that there are up to 50,000 mines hidden in the seabed nearby.

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The Estonian navy’s primary peacetime mission consists of cleaning up what the Germans and Russians left behind. But it has only three small mine-hunting vessels for the task — and merely 300 sailors in the entire force. “Sometimes, when we have U.S. destroyers visiting the bay, there are more American soldiers on board than our country has sailors,” said 2nd Lt. Karl Baumeister, a navy spokesman.

Divers such as Alljärv have to complete years of training and then attend a specialized course for mine-clearance missions in neighboring Latvia. As soon as training is completed, new divers are almost immediately deployed. “Many American divers with the same training might go 10 or even 20 years without ever seeing a real mine underwater,” Alljärv said. By his estimate, he has defused about 50 mines in his 13 years on the job.

The Estonian navy also has remote-controlled vehicles that can investigate and detonate mines. But Alljärv prefers to head to the bottom himself, even though conditions in the Baltic Sea are rarely ideal. Visibility is sometimes no more than a few inches, especially as the sea heats up during the summer. “Usually we work as if we were blindfolded,” Alljärv said.

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Even though the mines remain a potentially fatal threat, dealing with them daily has helped him shake off some of his initial fears. “I’m not really nervous anymore. I actually think they’re exciting,” Alljärv said.

Others share his enthusiasm. During an annual countermining operation that brings together many Baltic and Western European navies, there’s an unofficial competition to see who can clear the most ordnance from the water.

These days, Baumeister said, the Germans are usually winning.