

Manetho's King List Manetho was an Egyptian priest from Heliopollis. Under the patronage of Ptolemy I, he started to compile an Egyptian history, titled Aegyptika. It was written in Greek and finished c.271 BCE. He attempted to describe Egyptian history from its inception to Alexander the Great. His original work was lost, however, and all we know is from short transcripts and summaries done by Christian historians in later centuries. A few different translations of his work exist: Josephus Flavius, from the first century CE

Sextus Julius Africanus, third century CE

Eusebius of Cesarea, third/fourth century CE

George Syncellos (a Byzantine historian) from the eighth century CE. Mistakes made in translation and by copiers reduces the value of Manetho's work as historical documentation. Most of the dates simply don't match. However, Manetho is the basis for most of our chronologies and naming conventions for Egyptian pharaohs. His king list is often referenced by egyptologists, but many of them reject the dating and time periods for the pharaohs as "fanciful" -- there seems to have been some political hay to be made by exaggerating the reigns of some of the kings and minimizing others. The entire concept of "dynasty" comes from Manetho, who broke apart the kings into reasonably logical groups -- by location or family or other identifying feature. 1st Dynasty Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius Menes 62 30 Athothis 57 27 Kenkenes 31 39 Wenefes 23 42 Usafais 20 20 Miebis 26 26 Semempses 18 18 2nd Dynasty Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius Boethos 68 - Kaiechos 39 - Binothris 47 - Thias 17 - Sethenes 41 - Chaires 17 - Nefercheres 25 - Sesochris 48 48 Cheneris 30 30 Necherophes 28 28 3rd Dynasty Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius Necherofes 28 - Tosorthios 29 - Tyreis 7 - Mesochris 17 - Suphis 16 - Toserfasis 19 - Aches 42 - Sephouris 30 48 Kerferes 26 - 4th Dynasty Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius Soris 28 - Suphis 63 - Suphis 66 - Mencheres 63 - Ratoises 25 - Bicheris 22 - Sebercheres 7 - Tamphtis 9 48 5th Dynasty Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius Usercheres 28 lat - Sephres 13 lat - Nepherchres 20 lat - Sisires 7 lat - Cheres 20 lat - Rathures 44 lata - Mencheres 9 lat - Tencheres 44 lata - Onnos 33 lata - 6th Dynasty Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius Othoes 30 lat - Phios 53 lata - Methusuphis 7 lat - Phiops 99 lat - Menthesupis 1 rok - Nitocris 12 lat - 12th Dynasty Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius Amemenes 16 lat - Sesonchosis 46 lat - Ammanemes 38 lat - Sesostris 48 lat - Lachares 8 lat - Ameres 8 lat - Ammenemes 8 lat - Skemiophris 4 lata - 18th Dynasty Flavius Africanus Busebius Tethmosis 25/4 Amos Amoses 25 Chebron 13 Chebros 13 Chebron 13 Amenophis 20/7 Amenophthis 24 Amophis 21 Amessis 21/9 Amensis 22 - Mephres 12/9 Misaphres 13 Memphres 12 Mephramuthosis 25/10 Misphragnuthosis 26 Misphamuthosis 26 Thmosis 9/8 Tuthmosis 9 Tuthmosis 9 Amenophis 30/10 Amenophis 31 Amenopthis 31 Orus 36/5 Orus 37 Orus 28 Acencheres 12/1 Acherres 32 Achencheres 16 Rathotis 9 Rathos 6 - Acencheres I 12/5 Chebris 12 Acherres 8 Acencheres II 12/3 Acherres 12 Cherres 15 Harmais 4/1 Amesis 5 Amais 5 Ramesses ¼ Ramesses 1 - Harmesses Miamen 66/2 - Ramesses (Aegyptus) 68 Amenopthis 19/6 Amenophath 19 Amenophis 40 Sethos 59 Sethos 51 Sethos 55 Rampses 66 Rapsaces 61 Rampses 66