Today, Senators overwhelmingly passed the massive 21st Century Cures Act with a 94-to-5 vote.

The $6.3 billion, nearly 1,000-page (PDF) health legislation has been in the works since 2014 and spans far-flung issues. One of the bill’s central and most controversial aims is to relax and accelerate the Food and Drug Administration’s drug approval process, which backers argue will usher new, life-saving treatments to patients faster. The bill is also designed to simplify research grants and policy, make mental health a national priority, bolster monitoring of drug-resistant bacteria, provide states with funding to fight the opioid crisis, and support three Obama-era research initiatives, including Vice President Biden’s cancer moonshot.

If it sounds like the bill has been carefully crafted to have a little something for everyone, that's because it has. The 21st Century Cures Act was the most heavily lobbied health care bill in recent history, according to Kaiser Health News. More than 1,455 lobbyists representing 400 companies and organizations were involved—that’s nearly three lobbyists for every one Congress member.

After the enormous effort, the bill enjoyed bipartisan support, passing the House last week with a landslide 392 to 26 vote. Next it moves to President Obama’s desk, who supports the bill and plans to sign it.

Still, not everyone is happy about the political slam dunk. Some Democrats and watchdog groups fear that the legislation will tie the FDA’s hands, allowing pharmaceutical and medical device companies to hustle dangerous and feeble treatments into doctor’s offices and hospitals.

“The legislation includes a grab bag of goodies for Big Pharma and medical device companies that would undermine requirements for ensuring safe and effective drugs and medical devices,” Michael Carome, director of the Public Citizen’s health research group, said in a statement.

Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) and Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) shared similar concerns. In a statement, Sanders said, “The greed of the pharmaceutical industry has no limit, and this bill includes numerous corporate giveaways that will make drug companies even richer.”

Perhaps most concerning is that the bill allows companies in some instances to run smaller, quicker clinical trials, submit only data summaries rather than raw data files, or dodge having to do trials altogether. For instance, the bill directs the FDA to consider using “real world evidence” when evaluating whether an FDA-approved drug can be used in a new way. That real world evidence could be anecdotes, observations, or other data collected by a drug company that wasn’t the result of a randomized controlled clinical trial, the current gold standard. And in some instances, the bill would have the FDA evaluate “summary level reviews” of drug data, potentially allowing companies to cherry-pick data and hide problems.

The bill also expands the FDA’s controversial voucher system, which rewards drug companies with a tradable voucher for working on treatments for certain conditions, such as rare pediatric diseases. The vouchers, in return, allow a company to get an expedited, priority review from the FDA. It’s unclear if the system truly incentivizes the development of drugs for unmet or prioritized medical needs. But the vouchers have drawn interest from the likes of Martin Shkreli because they can be sold for millions to other drug companies.

To help the FDA speed things up, the Cures Act offers $500 million in funding, which critics say is far from enough.

The legislation also doles out $4.8 billion over 10 years for three specific Obama-era research initiatives: $1.8 billion for the cancer moonshot, $1.6 billion for the BRAIN initiative, and $1.4 billion for the Precision Medicine Initiative. The bill also provides states $1 billion in grants over two years to fight the opioid abuse and addiction epidemic.

To pay for the bill, some money will come from selling fossil-fuel-containing lands owned by the government. About $3.5 million will come from cuts to the Prevention and Public Health Fund, set up as part of Obamacare to support things such as immunization and lead poisoning prevention programs. Funding to the NIH will have to be re-approved each year by Congress.