Iran launched 15 ballistic missiles at two military bases used by U.S. forces in Iraq, the Pentagon said Tuesday night, as long-simmering tensions between Washington and Tehran erupted into fiery explosions and fears of all-out war after the U.S. killing of a top Iranian general.

Eleven missiles hit the bases in western and northern Iraq and four failed in flight, according to a U.S. Defense official, who said there were no confirmed reports of American casualties in the audacious predawn attack.

There was no immediate U.S. military response or statement from President Trump after the barrage, although he tweeted that he would address the nation on Wednesday. Aides said he had been briefed and was monitoring the crisis with his national security advisors.


The U.S. has many options for retaliation if Trump chooses to escalate the conflict further. But in the immediate aftermath of the missile strikes, both Tehran and Washington appeared to signal a possible pause in the cycle of attack and retaliation in which they have been locked for the last several weeks.

“All is well!” Trump wrote in a Twitter message a few hours after the attack. “Missiles launched from Iran at two military bases located in Iraq. Assessment of casualties & damages taking place now. So far, so good! We have the most powerful and well equipped military anywhere in the world, by far! I will be making a statement tomorrow morning.”

Iran’s foreign minister, Mohammad Javad Zarif, sent his own tweet suggesting the missile strikes could be the beginning and end of Iran’s retaliation for the U.S. drone attack that killed Iranian Gen. Qassem Suleimani on Friday in Baghdad, an event that infuriated Iran and sparked fresh turmoil in the volatile region.

“Iran took & concluded proportionate measures in self-defense under Article 51 of UN Charter targeting [the] base from which cowardly armed attack against our citizens & senior officials were launched,” he said, referring to the sprawling Asad Air Base in western Iraq, which is a major base for U.S. drone attacks.


“We do not seek escalation or war, but will defend ourselves against any aggression,” he wrote.

Whether Zarif fully speaks for all factions of Iran’s government, however, is unclear. He has frequently been denounced by figures allied with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

(Paul Duginski / Los Angeles Times)

Trump’s advisors also have offered divided counsel over Iran. At least some administration hard-liners have openly rooted for a wider confrontation, seeing that as an opportunity to severely damage, or perhaps overthrow, Iran’s theocratic government, and at least one informal advisor called Tuesday night for Trump to hit Iran hard.


“If we don’t react, we’re incentivizing more” Iranian misconduct, Sean Hannity, one of Trump’s favorite TV commentators, said on his Fox TV program Tuesday night.

Despite his often bellicose language, however, Trump has repeatedly said his administration does “not seek regime change” in Iran. In June, when Iran shot down a U.S. drone, Trump stopped a planned retaliatory strike, noting that no Americans had been killed.

The Iranian missile strikes apparently mark the first time Tehran has directly attacked U.S. positions and openly acknowledged doing so. U.S. officials have frequently accused Iran of being behind attacks on American forces in Iraq, but those assaults generally involved Iranian-backed militias, not Iranian security forces.

Ten missiles hit the Asad Air Base in western Iraq’s Anbar province, which is used by U.S. and Iraqi troops. U.S. radar tracked the missiles in flight and as a result, personnel at the base had time to take cover before they struck, according to the defense official, who was not authorized to speak on the record. The U.S. made no effort to intercept the missiles, the official said.


One missile hit the Combined Joint Operations Center in Irbil, in northern Iraq’s semiautonomous Kurdish region, where U.S. forces train Iraqi Kurdish fighters and run an air operations control center covering northern Iraq and parts of Syria.

The official said that U.S. Central Command was aware of reports of Iraqi casualties in Irbil but that they were unconfirmed.

Both bases were on high alert as U.S. and coalition forces braced for Tehran’s reprisals for the U.S. airstrike that killed Suleiman, the charismatic general who led Iran’s efforts to expand its influence across Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Yemen with militant proxy forces.


Iranian state television called the missiles “harsh Iranian revenge” for Suleimani’s death and warned that if the United States launched a military retaliation, Tehran would escalate as well and the two longtime adversaries would face a wider war.

Iran announced the attack on state-run television, which showed video of what it said were “tens” of missile launches aimed at the bases. Roughly an hour later, state-run TV showed video of what it called a “second wave” of missiles being launched.

The first missiles were launched at 1:20 a.m. Wednesday, the Iranian broadcast said, noting that was the precise time that Suleimani “was martyred by the Americans” as he left Baghdad’s airport.

Pentagon spokesman Jonathan Hoffman subsequently confirmed the attacks. “It is clear that these missiles were launched from Iran,” he said.


“As we evaluate the situation and our response, we will take all necessary measures to protect and defend U.S. personnel, partners and allies in the region,” he added.

At least some U.S. analysts said that if Iran did not launch a follow-up attack, it might not generate a military response from the Trump administration.

“If there are no U.S. casualties, and this is the extent of Iranian retaliation, then the U.S. does not need to escalate,” said Faysal Itani, deputy director of the Center for Global Policy, a Washington think tank that specializes in Muslim politics.


Mark Dubowitz of the Foundation in Defense of Democracies, a Washington group that has advocated a hard line against Iran, tweeted Tuesday night asking if it was “plausible that this could be the extent” of Iran’s retaliation for Suleimani’s death.

Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, “said he would attack [the] military directly. He seems to have done that,” Dubowitz wrote. If there are “no US casualties, is the smart play not to respond and wait to see what else they do?”

A representative of Khamenei tweeted the image of the Iranian flag after the missiles were launched. It echoed Trump’s tweet of the U.S. flag when Suleimani was killed.

James Carafano, a foreign policy expert at the Heritage Foundation in Washington, said Americans still have an overwhelming military advantage, one that could dissuade the Iranians from trying to draw the U.S. into an even deeper conflict.


“The problem with escalating is, where does that go?” he asked.

1 / 30 The coffins of Gen. Qassem Suleimani and others who were killed in Iraq by a U.S. drone strike are carried on a truck surrounded by mourners Jan. 6 in Tehran. (Ebrahim Noroozi / Associated Press) 2 / 30 Mourners attend the funeral for Gen. Qassem Suleimani in Tehran. (Associated Press) 3 / 30 Former Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps chief Mohamad Ali Jafari prays over Suleimani’s coffin. (Handout) 4 / 30 Enghelab Square in Tehran during the funeral procession for Suleimani and others killed in the U.S. airstrike. (Associated Press) 5 / 30 Ayatollah Ali Khamenei,, fourth from left, leads a prayer during the funeral. (Associated Press) 6 / 30 Iranian lawmakers chant anti-American and anti-Israeli slogans to protest against the U.S. killing of Iranian top general Qassem Suleimani, at the start of an open session of parliament in Tehran, Iran. (Mohammad Hassanzadeh/Associated Press) 7 / 30 Police estimated the funeral turnout in Tehran to be in the millions. (Abedin Taherkenareh / EPA/Shutterstock) 8 / 30 Mourners carry the coffin of slain Iraqi paramilitary chief Abu Mahdi Muhandis towards the Imam Ali Shrine in the shrine city of Najaf in central Iraq during a funeral procession. (Haidar Hamdani / AFP/Getty Images) 9 / 30 Equipment assigned to 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division is loaded into aircraft from Ft. Bragg, N.C. (Zachary Vandyke / U.S. Department of Defense) 10 / 30 Mourners carry the coffins of slain Iraqi paramilitary chief Abu Mahdi Muhandis, Iranian military commander Qassem Suleimani and eight others Jan. 4 in Najaf, Iraq. (Haidar Hamdani / AFP/Getty Images) 11 / 30 Anti-war activists march Jan. 4 from the White House to the Trump International Hotel in Washington. (Andrew Caballero-Reynolds / AFP/Getty Images) 12 / 30 Mourners carry the coffin of slain Iraqi paramilitary chief Abu Mahdi Muhandis in Najaf, Iraq. (Haidar Hamdani / AFP/Getty Images) 13 / 30 U.S. troops from the Army’s 82nd Airborne Division rest Jan. 4 at Ft. Bragg before deployment. (Andrew Craft / Getty Images) 14 / 30 Thousands march in Tehran after the death of Gen. Qassem Suleimani, head of the elite Quds Force, in a U.S. airstrike. (Abedin Taherkenareh / EPA/Shutterstock) 15 / 30 President Trump gives a statement from his Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida. (Jim Watson / AFP/Getty Images) 16 / 30 Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei visits Suleimani’s family. (AFP/Getty Images) 17 / 30 Iranians burn a U.S. flag during a protest in Tehran to condemn Suleimani’s killing. (Abedin Taherkenareh / EPA/Shutterstock) 18 / 30 Suleimani in September 2018. (Iranian Supreme Leader’s Office) 19 / 30 Iraqi anti-government protesters celebrate in Baghdad’s Tahrir Square after hearing the news of the airstrike that killed Suleimani. (AFP ) 20 / 30 The attack at Baghdad’s international airport also killed Abu Mahdi Muhandis, deputy commander of Iran-backed militias in Iraq known as the Popular Mobilization Forces, and six other people, according to Iraqi security officials. (Handout) 21 / 30 Protesters burn property in front of the U.S. Embassy compound in Baghdad on Tuesday. (Khalid Mohammed / Associated Press) 22 / 30 Iraqi protesters use a plumbing pipe to break the bulletproof glass of the U.S. Embassy’s windows. (Ahmad al-Rubaye / AFP/Getty Images) 23 / 30 Smoke rises behind protesters at the embassy. (Khalid Mohammed / Associated Press) 24 / 30 Protesters pry the U.S. Embassy plaque from the entrance of the compound. (Ahmad al-Rubaye / AFP/Getty Images ) 25 / 30 Demonstrators scale a wall to reach the U.S. Embassy grounds in Baghdad. (Ahmad al-Rubaye / AFP/Getty Images) 26 / 30 Smoke pours from the embassy entrance. (Ahmad al-Rubaye / AFP/Getty Images) 27 / 30 A man waves an Iraqi national flag as he exits a burning room at the U.S. Embassy compound. (AFP/Getty Images) 28 / 30 Protesters wave militia flags during the embassy siege. (Associated Press) 29 / 30 A fire burns during the embassy protest. (Khalid Mohammed / Associated Press) 30 / 30 An Iraqi militia leader takes a selfie at a gate to the U.S. Embassy during the siege. (Ahmad al-Rubaye / AFP/Getty Images )

If the U.S. unleashes its own missiles, possible targets could include the Iranian bases that launched the missiles, and military command-and-control facilities.

In addition to fighters and bombers at bases in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, a U.S. aircraft carrier, the Truman, is deployed in the Arabian Gulf with two destroyers that are capable of firing Tomahawk missiles. The Air Force also has bomber planes based in the United States that could be used.


By any standard, the Iranian attack is a major escalation of a struggle between Iran and the U.S. that was conducted for years in the shadows, or via proxy forces, but that quickly spiraled out of control after Trump authorized the killing of Suleimani, one of Iran’s most powerful military commanders.

Defense Secretary Mark Esper, Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Gen. Mark Milley and CIA Director Gina Haspel are scheduled to brief members of Congress behind closed doors Wednesday about the Suleimani killing, but they undoubtedly will be asked about Iran’s missile attack.

The House Foreign Affairs Committee called a hearing on Iran for Jan. 14 and asked Pompeo to testify.

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-San Francisco) was notified of the missile strikes in a note handed to her during a meeting of House Democratic leaders, according to Democrats in the room.


“She told us it had happened and [added:] ‘We’re all praying,’” said Rep. Debbie Dingell (D-Mich.), who was in the meeting.

The attack overshadowed, at least for the moment, Trump’s pending impeachment trial in the Senate. It also added a new challenge for Democrats battling for attention and votes in the presidential primaries that start next month.

“What’s happening in Iraq and Iran today was predictable,” former Vice President Joe Biden said at a campaign event in Philadelphia when news of the attack broke. “Not exactly what’s happening but the chaos that’s ensuing,” he said, faulting Trump for withdrawing from the 2015 Iran nuclear deal and for the drone strike that killed Suleimani.

Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.), a frequent critic of U.S. military intervention, voiced concerns that the violence was spiraling.


“I am praying for the safety of our troops in Iraq tonight,” he tweeted. “We need to stop the escalation before it leads to another endless war in the Middle East.”

Earlier, Trump shifted his justification for authorizing the killing of Suleimani as the top U.S. national security official belatedly provided classified briefings to congressional leaders about the administration’s claim that the Iranian had been planning an imminent attack on Americans.

Trump and his aides previously insisted that Friday’s deadly drone strike was intended to stop the Quds Force commander from killing “hundreds” of Americans.


But his death in Baghdad instead saw Iranian leaders vow to “set ablaze” scores of Western targets, prompted ally Iraq’s threat to expel U.S. military forces and pushed the Pentagon to beef up American troops and bolster defenses in the region.

With tensions rising, and unable to convincingly argue that Americans were safer, Trump and his aides instead pointed to Suleimani’s role supplying insurgents who killed hundreds of U.S. troops during the Iraq war.

“It was retaliation,” Trump said Tuesday.

The change in emphasis fueled growing concerns about the administration’s still-murky strategy for dealing with Iran. It also underscored the unique challenge for a president who has uttered thousands of falsehoods since taking office as he and his aides sought to reassure Americans they can navigate a major foreign policy crisis, largely of their own making, before it spirals into all-out war.


“I don’t think any American president can simply say to the world, ‘Trust me,’” said Richard Haass, president of the nonpartisan Council on Foreign Relations. “Trump has the added problem of his own record with the truth.”

“If you’re trying to justify something that could ultimately take you to war, you better damn well do that as quickly and directly as you can,” said Leon E. Panetta, who served as secretary of Defense and CIA director under President Obama. “The last thing that you need is to have an American public that questions why the hell we’re going to war.”

For the second day in a row, senior U.S. officials were forced to walk back Trump’s threats to bomb Iranian cultural sites, a potential war crime, if Iran launches retaliatory attacks. As criticism poured in, Trump appeared to back down, saying for the first time that he would not deliberately target Iran’s antiquities.


“If that’s what the law is, I like to obey the law,” he said.

In Baghdad, Iraq’s government demanded clarification over whether the approximately 5,200 U.S. troops in Iraq were making plans to pull out after receiving a letter — twice — from a U.S. commander that the Pentagon said was sent in error.

Iraqi officials said the letter was delivered around 8 p.m., but the Arabic translation did not match the English-language version. Iraqi officials pointed out the discrepancy and later received a correct translation via official channels.

“It wasn’t a matter of a paper falling from a photocopier or something that came by accident,” Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi said in a speech Tuesday, adding that the Pentagon’s subsequent claims that the letter was a draft had bewildered the Iraqis.


“OK, this is a draft,” he said. “But we got it. So how should we behave?”

Abdul Mahdi urged Trump to withdraw U.S. troops, but Defense Secretary Mark Esper — holding his second news conference in two days — repeated his assertion that no pullout was underway or had been ordered.

“A draft, unsigned letter does not constitute a policy change,” Esper said. “And there is no signed letter, to the best of my knowledge. I’ve asked the question.”

Joseph Maguire, the acting director of national intelligence, provided classified briefings Tuesday to the leaders of the House and Senate, and the chairs and ranking members of the Intelligence committees on the evidence available before last week’s drone strike. Normally the so-called Gang of Eight is informed before such a sensitive military operation takes place.


At the State Department, Pompeo told reporters that Suleimani had posed an “imminent threat” to Americans. But he declined to provide evidence of the threat, instead blaming the veteran commander for a “terror campaign” as he oversaw Iranian military and proxy-force operations across the Middle East.

He dismissed Iraq’s claim that Suleimani had flown into Baghdad for talks aimed at easing tensions with Saudi Arabia, its chief regional rival, as part of an initiative to ease tensions. “Anyone here believe that?” Pompeo said.

Cloud, Bierman and Megerian reported from Washington and Parvini from Los Angeles. Times staff writers Jennifer Haberkorn and Tracy Wilkinson in Washington and Nabih Bulos in Baghdad contributed to this report.