In this milestone 150th CHP episode Laszlo shines a light on the Hakka people and where they fit in Chinese history. There are no shortages of authoritative sources that all disagree as to their origins ands when the Hakka’s migrated from where to where. Legends and stereotypes surrounded this sub-group of Chinese. But one thing is for sure they have carved an indelible spot in worldwide Chinese culture. More than 80 million Hakka’s call this solar system their home. Fifty minutes hardly offers a comprehensive look at any culture, let alone 客家文化. In this episode Laszlo offers a general overview. As always there is plenty of reading you can do and videos you can watch that give you a more satisfying meal than this episode can.

Terms Used In Episode Pinyin/Term Chinese English/Meaning Hakka people 客家人 Translates to “Guest People” Gan 赣 Abbreviation for Jiangxi Province

Gan River 赣江 Main river in Jiangxi Ganzhou 赣州 City in Jiangxi Sima Yan 司马炎 Founded Jin Dynasty. Temple name Jin Wudi

Cao Wei 曹魏 Northern of the Three Kingdoms Shu 蜀汉 The western of the Three Kingdoms

Wu 东吴 The eastern of the Three Kingdoms Jin Dynasty 晋朝 Founded by Jin Wudi The Han 汉朝 The Han Dynasty Jin Wudi 晋武帝 Jin Dynasty founder Luoyang 洛阳 Ancient capital city in China history Emperor Min 晋愍帝 Last Western Jin emperor Huizong 徽宗 Last emperor of the Northern Song Wuhu 五胡 The Five Barbarian Tribes Xiōngnú 匈奴 One of the Five Barbarian Tribes Jié 羯 One of the Five Barbarian Tribes Xianbei 鲜卑 One of the Five Barbarian Tribes Dī 氐 One of the Five Barbarian Tribes Qiāng 羌 One of the Five Barbarian Tribes Zhao 赵 Surname of the Song Dynasty emperors Jiankang 建康 Ancient name of Nanjing Nanjing 南京 City in Jiangsu, means Southern capital Liu Yu 刘裕 Founder of the Liu Song (also known as 刘宋武帝) Liu Song 刘宋 First of the Southern Kingdoms Nanbei Chao 南北朝 The Southern and Northern Kingdoms period Shibi Village 石壁村 Place in Fujian where the Hakka’s first settled Yan’an 延安 City in Shaanxi, where the Long March concluded Zudi 祖地 Ancestral land Ninghua County 宁化县 County in Fujian Tingzhou 汀洲 Another place not far from Shibi where the Hakka’s first assembled Changting 长汀 Present day name for Tingzhou Luo Xianglin 罗祥林 Hakka historian Kejia Yanjiu Daoliu 客家研究导流 Luo Xianglin’s 1933 book “An Introduction to the Study of the Hakkas” Huang Chao Uprising 黄巢之乱 Uprising in the late Tang from 881 to 884 Zhao Kuangyin 赵匡胤 Founder of the Song Dynasty Kaifeng 开封 Capital of the Northern Song Lin’an 临安 Capital of Southern Song (present day Hangzhou) Zheng Chenggong 郑成功 Taiwan hero, better known as Koxinga Kangxi emperor 康熙 Long reigning early Qing Dynasty emperor Qian Hai Ling 遷海令 The Great Clearance, or coastal evacuation Bendi 本地 Also known as the Punti in Cantonese, means Native Chaozhou 潮州 City in Guangdong, above Shantou. The people are known as Teochew Shantou 汕头 Coastal city in Guangdong adjacent to Chaozhou Chaoshan 潮汕 Abbreviation for Chaozhou-Shantou Jieyang 揭阳 Predominantly Hakka city just west of Chaozhou and Shantou Yue 粤 Abbreviation for Guangdong Kejia ren 客家人 A Hakka Person Meizhou 梅州 City in northeast Guangdong Biaozhun 标准 a standard Meixian 梅县 Mei County Yanju Ji 盐焗鸡 Salt Baked Chicken Niang Doufu 酿豆腐 The most famous Hakka dish

Tu Kè Xièdòu 土客械斗 The Punti-Hakka Clan Wars from1855 and 1867

Taishan 台山 City known as Toi San Qingchao Monian 清朝末年 The final years of the Qing dynasty

Min 闽 Fujian people, also an abbreviation of Fujian Hong Xiuquan 洪秀全 Responsible for the Taiping Rebellion Xiang 湘 Abbreviation of Hunan Han Su-yin 韩素音 Born in Xinyang, Henan, home of Xinyang Maojian tea. Han Su Yin was the pen name of author Elizabeth Comber Hsieh T’ing-yu - Historian who wrote The Origin and Migrations of the Hakkas (1929) Nàxī 纳西 Ethnic minority group around Lijiang in Yunnan Tulou 土楼 The circular and square Hakka compounds Hui 回 The character “to return”. Yongding County 永定县 County in southern Fujian near Guangdong border Weilong Wu 围龙屋 Distinctive single level concentric U-shaped structures Kejia shange 客家山歌 Hakka mountain folk songs Leicha 擂茶 Hakka pounded tea Links & Resources Jemimah Steinfeld, “Little Emperors and Material Girls: Youth and Sex in Modern China” Nicole Constable, “Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad” Mary Erbaugh, “The Secret History of the Hakkas: The Chinese revolution as a Hakka Enterprise”