Have you ever worked with JSON converters like GSON or Moshi? They are extremely useful when it comes to operating with internet data. I try to provide a similar mechanism for web scraping and take HTML parsing to the next level.

Story

Before I started working at Droids On Roids, I was a freelancer – often creating Android versions of popular Polish sites. As it was unofficial, I had no API, so everything was based on web scraping. I started with operating on raw HTML texts – I was looking for specific strings, adding shifts to get the desired value.

Then I’ve found jsoup, which made HTML parsing much more comfortable. Recently, I worked on commercial projects, with API in the JSON format. With Retrofit and GSON/Moshi converters, it was effortless to create POJO objects from Internet content. I thought “it would be great to have a similar mechanism for HTML” – so here it is:

jspoon with Retrofit converter!

jspoon is a library which uses annotations with CSS selectors to create Java POJO objects. It uses jsoup as a HTML parser and caches reflections for better performance. It is also Java 7 compatible, so it works on Android too.

You can check the details on GitHub

It can be used when you don’t have access to the API – for example, if it isn’t ready yet. Another possible case is when the web page is yours, but you don’t have full access to the database (or you are just lazy), as you can omit the API and just scrap the page. Moreover, when you are dealing with third party web pages in your app and you need some data, like meta tags, this library is for you.

In this post, I’m going to parse a Droids On Roids /blog page using jspoon, Retrofit, and RxJava2.

Installation

We will need the following dependencies (using gradle):

dependencies { compile 'pl.droidsonroids:jspoon:1.0.0' compile 'pl.droidsonroids.retrofit2:converter-jspoon:1.0.0' compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.3.0' compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.3.0' } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 dependencies { compile 'pl.droidsonroids:jspoon:1.0.0' compile 'pl.droidsonroids.retrofit2:converter-jspoon:1.0.0' compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.3.0' compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.3.0' }

Setting up

First of all, our page needs mapping from HTML to the POJO Java class. This is what jspoon does. We create the BlogPage class with the list of Post s:

public class BlogPage { @Selector(".post") public List<Post> posts; } 1 2 3 public class BlogPage { @ Selector ( ".post" ) public List < Post > posts ; }

public class Post { @Selector(".post-content > h2 > a") public String title; @Selector(".excerpt") public String excerpt; @Selector(value = ".post-featured-image > a > img", attr = "data-lazy-src") public String imageUrl; @Selector(".post-category > a") public List<String> tags; } 1 2 3 4 5 6 public class Post { @ Selector ( ".post-content > h2 > a" ) public String title ; @ Selector ( ".excerpt" ) public String excerpt ; @ Selector ( value = ".post-featured-image > a > img" , attr = "data-lazy-src" ) public String imageUrl ; @ Selector ( ".post-category > a" ) public List < String > tags ; }

Then, we need to configure Retrofit, following the Retrofit web page. We create an API interface:

public interface BlogService { @GET("blog") Single<BlogPage> getBlogPage(@Query("page") int page); } 1 2 3 4 public interface BlogService { @GET ( "blog" ) Single <BlogPage> getBlogPage ( @Query ( "page" ) int page ) ; }

We also write methods for building the BlogService instance for API calls. At this point, we add the jspoon converter and rxjava2 adapter:

private static Retrofit createRetrofit() { return new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl("https://www.thedroidsonroids.com/") .addConverterFactory(JspoonConverterFactory.create()) .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create()) .build(); } private static BlogService createBlogService() { return createRetrofit() .create(BlogService.class); } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 private static Retrofit createRetrofit ( ) { return new Retrofit . Builder ( ) . baseUrl ( "https://www.thedroidsonroids.com/" ) . addConverterFactory ( JspoonConverterFactory . create ( ) ) . addCallAdapterFactory ( RxJava2CallAdapterFactory . create ( ) ) . build ( ) ; } private static BlogService createBlogService ( ) { return createRetrofit ( ) . create ( BlogService . class ) ; }

Let’s scrap!

That’s all! Everything is set up and we are ready to start scraping:

public class Example { public static void main(String args[]) { BlogService blogService = createBlogService(); blogService.getBlogPage(1) .subscribe(Example::printBlogPage); } private static void printBlogPage(BlogPage blogPage) { blogPage.posts.forEach(Example::printPost); } private static void printPost(Post post) { System.out.println(post.title); System.out.println(post.excerpt); System.out.println(post.imageUrl); System.out.println(String.join(", ", post.tags)); System.out.println(); } //..... } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 public class Example { public static void main ( String args [ ] ) { BlogService blogService = createBlogService ( ) ; blogService . getBlogPage ( 1 ) . subscribe ( Example : : printBlogPage ) ; } private static void printBlogPage ( BlogPage blogPage ) { blogPage . posts . forEach ( Example : : printPost ) ; } private static void printPost ( Post post ) { System . out . println ( post . title ) ; System . out . println ( post . excerpt ) ; System . out . println ( post . imageUrl ) ; System . out . println ( String . join ( ", " , post . tags ) ) ; System . out . println ( ) ; } //..... }

Et voilà! We get the posts in our console:

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You can check the full source of this example in Java and Kotlin here.

Conclusion

Scraping HTML will never beat professional JSON API, but I think that jspoon can make it much simpler and similar to modern JSON parsing. If you find any bugs or lack of functionality, feel free to contribute on GitHub.