Elon Musk has put himself in legal trouble with a post on Twitter. Again.

The Securities and Exchange Commission on Monday asked a federal court to hold Mr. Musk, chief executive of Tesla, in contempt of court for violating a settlement that he and the company reached with the commission last year. The S.E.C. said Mr. Musk issued an updated production outlook in a Twitter post on last Tuesday without first seeking approval from the company’s lawyers as required under the agreement.

It was the latest in a series of episodes, including the one that led to the settlement, that have renewed questions about Mr. Musk’s judgment and the Tesla board’s ability to oversee his actions.

The commission sued Mr. Musk and Tesla last year over a Twitter post in which he said he had “funding secured” to take the company private at $420 a share. It turned out that the plan to take the company private was in a much more embryonic state than his tweet indicated.

The settlement required the company to establish “mandatory procedures to oversee and preapprove Mr. Musk’s Tesla-related written communications” that might have material information. Mr. Musk was required to step down as chairman, and he and the company paid $20 million each in fines. The board named one of its members as chairwoman and appointed two new independent directors.