The United States Tennis Association, which runs the tournament, brought in sound engineers to study the cacophony during last year’s event, and they discovered two main sources of the noise and a third contributing factor. One was an air-conditioning unit on the south end of the stadium that had been pumping out noise since 1997. Before the roof, most of the sound headed harmlessly into the sky, but with the roof and the new shutters below it, the noise reflected back toward the court.

Zausner said there was also a cellphone transmitter that produced its own noise at the top of the south side of the stadium. The air-conditioner, which cools the broadcast booths at the top rim of the structure, and the transmitter have been relocated.

The third contributing factor was found to be ground-level air-conditioning units on the north end of the stadium. They generated noise that traveled up the side of the building, seeped in and bounced off the roof and back down toward the court. Noise-baffling equipment and other acoustic treatments have been installed to deflect that sound before it enters the stadium.

“I’m not going to say it solves it, but I think it’s going to improve upon the situation, and we’ll monitor it again this year to see if we can improve on the situation for 2018 and beyond,” Zausner said.

But other noises, particularly the chatter and rustling of spectators, were also amplified by the roof last year, especially during the first week of the tournament. Some players noted a consistent hum, and in a few matches the chair umpires implored fans to keep their voices down.