Use of social media, the spread of "citizen journalism," and the involvement of young people are among the key trends highlighted by a federal analysis of protest activity in Canada over the last half-decade.

A growing geographic reach and an apparent increase in protests that target infrastructure such as rail lines are also boosting the impact of demonstrations, says the Government Operations Centre analysis, obtained under the Access to Information Act.

The Canadian Security Intelligence Service included the spring 2014 risk forecast in materials prepared for two meetings of the deputy ministers' committee on resources and energy last April.

Story continues below advertisement

The meetings were driven by the federal government's desire to plan for protests that might happen in response to resource development decisions on projects such as the Northern Gateway pipeline.

The newly released documents heighten fears about government anti-terrorism legislation that would allow much easier sharing of federally held information about people, said Josh Paterson, executive director of the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association.

"To us, this just looks like the example of exactly why we ought to be concerned about these provisions."

The operations centre — an Ottawa-based hub that would figure heavily in responding to a national emergency — based the forecast for the spring and summer protest season on statistics gleaned from more than five years of significant demonstrations in Canada. It also drew on the results of an April 2014 meeting that included nine other federal partners.

It found demonstrations generally fell into four primary issue categories: social, political, environmental and First Nations.

The "notoriety and success" of civil society efforts such as the Arab Spring, the aboriginal Idle No More movement, the Occupy protests, and anti-pipeline demonstrations have inspired Canadian citizens to start grassroots initiatives and make their voices heard, the study notes.

Few demonstrations rise to the level of national interest, and most are peaceful and short-lived, the analysis adds.

Story continues below advertisement

The operations centre predicted a low risk during the 2014 protest season, with the possibility of medium-level events — such as disruption to transportation routes.

Officials felt opposition to pipelines and oil-and-gas fracking, as well as broader environmental and aboriginal issues, could lead to "large, disruptive, or geographically widespread protests" but no one had information to indicate "significant organizing activity" in this regard.

Still, the analysis says "influencing factors" must be considered:

— Social media use that has given civil society movements an expanded digital reach, allowing them to organize larger numbers in more locations;

— Citizen journalism that spreads alternative information into the mainstream through social media and other Internet forums;

— Engagement of youth by issue-related movements established in the last five years.

Story continues below advertisement

For the operations centre, it means that individual protests once considered unimportant "are now noted" due to their potential to spawn supporting demonstrations in other towns and cities.

As an example, the analysis points to a one-week aboriginal blockade of a CN rail line in Sarnia, Ont., in December 2012 that disrupted delivery of chemical supplies. The Via Rail passenger corridor in central Ontario was also the focus of protests, and ports of entry, such as the Blue Water Bridge in Sarnia, were targeted.

The systematic monitoring of peaceful demonstrations outlined in the memos is likely unconstitutional, as it creates a chilling effect on freedom of association, said human rights lawyer Paul Champ.

"In a true democracy, protest and dissent should be celebrated, not investigated."

The federal operations centre's monitoring of protest activity stirred concern last year when the NDP accused the government of using the agency to spy on demonstrators.

Roxanne James, parliamentary secretary to the public safety minister, defended the centre's work at the time, saying it monitors any event that may pose a risk to citizens.

Story continues below advertisement

"I think that most Canadians in this country would expect nothing less."