At last month’s Conservative Party conference, Theresa May promised that plans for workers to be represented on company boards would be published by the end of the year “because we are the party of the workers”. Her statement provoked a backlash and fierce lobbying campaign by business leaders. When the Prime Minister addressed the Confederation of British Industry’s annual conference in London on Monday, she sounded more like the leader of the old party of big business. Although Downing Street denied a U-turn, an emollient Ms May delighted her hosts by saying that the Government would not impose workers on boards, and that it would be for companies to decide what works best (advisory panels or consultative works councils, for example).

It is a worrying sign that Ms May was so easily be blown off a course she set, hardly the Thatcher-style strong leadership she appeared to offer. Her retreat was unnecessary. Putting workers on boards would not be anti-business; their representatives play a valuable role in countries such as Germany and Sweden. Ms May’s move undermines her promise to champion the working and “just about managing” classes. Hoping that employers voluntarily give their workforce a voice is unlikely to prove enough. While some companies will do the right thing, others will not.

Ms May’s change of heart is at odds with her commitment to a more interventionist industrial strategy, too – an approach that has come and gone over the years. New Labour left it very late in the day, but Peter Mandelson brought in some welcome changes. Vince Cable, the next Business Secretary, tried to keep them alive during the Coalition but faced opposition from Conservatives. Bizarrely, his free-market successor, Sajid Javid, banned the use of the phrase “industrial strategy”.

Reviving it is to be welcomed, as is Ms May’s warning to business that it must change to restore public faith in globalisation. But, so far, the Prime Minister’s good intentions have not been matched by firm policies. When her strategy is unveiled shortly, it should include a public interest for takeovers by foreign firms or when company pension schemes might be at risk.

Theresa May backs away from 'workers on company boards' plan

The announcement by Ms May that government spending on research and development will rise by £2bn a year by 2020 is a wise preparation for the post-Brexit era. But EU-funded science projects could be at risk and even after the higher spending Britain could still lag behind its competitors. Crucially, Ms May must not allow her determination to reduce immigration blind her to the need to recruit the best in the world in order to ensure the UK is the best in the world on innovation.

The Prime Minister had some reassuring words on the CBI’s call for a transitional EU deal to prevent a “cliff edge” of regulations and tariffs when Brexit happens after two years of negotiations. Many Conservative MPs oppose an interim deal and demand a risky clean break, even if that means resorting to the World Trade Organisation’s tariff regime. Ms May should face them down.