The Trump administration is set to face criticism this week from a large cross section of corporations, including U.S. giants like General Electric Co., over how the administration’s proposed tariffs on Chinese imports will affect American manufacturing.

The U.S. trade representative’s office will hold three days of hearings from Tuesday on the proposed tariffs. The hearings will not only feature businesses facing supply-chain disruptions because of the tariffs proposed for $50 billion of Chinese imports, but will also feature...