Suffix Applies to Type Meaning

-ba` Verbs 6 (qualification) obviously

-bej Verbs 6 (qualification) certainly; undoubtedly

-beH Verbs 2 (predisposition) ready; set up This suffix is used when the subject is inanimate. -rup is used when the subject is a living being.

-be` Verbs Rover not This suffix negates the verb, it implies that the action is not done. It is not used with imperative prefixes, instead -Qo' is used.

-bogh Verbs 9 (relative clause marker) that, what, where, which, who, whom or whose.

-chaj Nouns 4 (possession) their

-choH Verbs 3 (change) beginning to; becoming; starting to This suffix indicates a change in state or direction.

-chugh Verbs 9 (subordinate clause marker) if

-chuq Verbs 1 (Reflexive) each other; one another This suffix indicates that the action of the verb affects the subject. The verb prefix must have a plural subject and no object (such as ma- or Su-).

-chu` Verbs 6 (qualification) clearly; perfectly This suffix may indicate that the action was performed correctly.

-Daj Nouns 4 (possession) his; her; its

-Daq Nouns 5 (locative) at, by, in, on, to This suffix indicates that something is happening in the vicinity of the noun. The exact translation depends on the context. It can only refer to location in space, and is not used for time (in June) or in the abstract (in English).

-DI` Verbs 9 (subordinate clause marker) when; as soon as

-Du` Nouns 2 (plural) This suffix forms the plural of nouns which refer to body parts of humanoids and other animals. See also -mey and -pu'.

-ghach Verbs 9 (nominalizer) This suffix turns a verb into a noun, however its use is not clear. See also -wI'.

-Ha` Verbs Rover undo; mis-; de-; dis- This suffix is similar to -be'. -be' implies that something is not done, -Ha implies that it was undone, and so is stronger. It indicates that there has been a change of state; that the action has been undone or been carried out incorrectly. This suffix is not a rover, since it always appears before any other suffixes, right next to the verb. It can be used with imperative prefixes.

-Hey Nouns 3 (qualification) apparent This suffix indicates that the speaker has doubts about the use of the noun.

-Hom Nouns 1 (dimunitive) This suffix creates a noun which is smaller, less powerful or less important than without the suffix. See also -'a'.

-jaj Verbs 9 let; may This suffix suffix indicates a wish of the speaker for something to happen, and is often used in a toast. It cannot be used with a type 7 suffix.

-laH Verbs 6 can; able

-law` Verbs 6 (qualification) seemingly; apparently

-lIj Nouns 4 (possession) your (singular) Used when the noun does not refer to a being capable of using language.

-lI' Verbs 7 (aspect) This suffix indicates that the action is in progress or incomplete, but always with a definite objective. See also -taH.

Nouns 4 (possession) your (singular) Used when the noun refers to a being capable of using language.

-lu` Verbs 6 (indefinite subject) somebody; someone; something This suffix indicates that the subject is indefinite or unknown.

-maj Nouns 4 (possession) our Used when the noun does not refer to a being capable of using language.

-ma` Nouns 4 (possession) our Used when the noun refers to a being capable of using language.

-meH Verbs 9 (purpose clause marker) for; for the purpose of; in order to

-mey Nouns 2 (plural) This suffix forms the plural of nouns, excepting where these refer to beings capable of using language (see -pu') or body parts (see Du'-). These include group nouns.

-moH Verbs 4 (cause) cause; make This suffix indicates that the subject is causing a change of condition or creating a new condition. It is often not directly translated. When applied to an intransitive verb, the verb becomes transitive.

-mo' Verbs 9 (subordinate clause marker because of; due to

Nouns 5 because of; due to

-na` Nouns 3 (qualification) definite This suffix indicates that the speaker is sure about the use of the noun.

-neS Verbs 8 (honorific) be honoured to This suffix is used to indicate extreme politeness or deference to a superior.

-nIS Verbs 2 (volition) need; must

-oy Nouns 1 This suffix indicates that the noun is used as a term of enderearment.

-pa` Verbs 9 (subordinate clause marker) before

-pu' Verbs 7 (aspect) This suffix is used for an action which is completed or finished.

Nouns 2 (plural) This suffix forms the plurals for words denoting beings that use language. See also -mey and -Du'.

-qang Verbs 2 (volition) be willing to

-qa` Verbs 3 (change) again; resuming; restarting This suffix is used when an action has stopped and then starts again.

-qoq Nouns 3 (qualification) so-called This suffix indicates that the noun is used ironically or falsely.

-qu` Verbs Rover well; very; very much This suffix emphasises the action. It is not always directly translated, the emphasis instead applied to the way the words are spoken.

-Qo` Verbs Rover don't; won't This suffix negates the verb when an imperative prefix has been used, when it is usually translated by don't. It is also used to indicate a refusal, and is translated by won't. This suffix is not a rover, since it is always placed between any type 8 and 9 suffixes.

-raj Nouns 4 (possession) your (plural) Used when the noun does not refer to a being capable of using language.

-ra` Nouns 4 (possession) your (plural) Used when the noun refers to a being capable of using language.

-rup Verbs 2 (predisposition) be ready to; be prepared to This suffix is used when the subject is a living being. -beH is used when the subject is inanimate.

-taH Verbs 7 (aspect) This suffix is used for an action which is still underway or is continuing, with or without an objective. See also -lI'.

-ta` Verbs 7 (aspect) Like -pu', this suffix indicates that the action is complete. It is used when the action is intended or deliberate, and not accidental. It is often translated in the same way as -pu'.

-vaD Nouns 5 intended for; to; for This suffix indicates that the noun is to benefit. It is also added to an indirect object, which precedes the object.

-vam Nouns 4 (specification) this; these

-vetlh Nouns 4 (specification) that; those

-vIp Verbs 2 be afraid to

-vIS Verbs 9 (subordinate clause marker) while

-vo` Nouns 5 from This suffix indicates movement in a direction away from the noun. It can only refer to physical movement, and is not used for time (from June).

-wIj Nouns 4 (possession) my Used when the noun does not refer to a being capable of using language.

-wI' Verbs 9 (nominalizer) This suffix has the meaning one who does or thing which does. It converts the verb into a regular noun and is similar to -er in English. See also -ghach.

Nouns 4 (possession) my Used when the noun refers to a being capable of using language.

-'a' Verbs 9 This suffix indicates the sentence is a question to be answered by yes or no.

Nouns 1 (augmentative) This suffix forms a noun which is bigger, more powerful or more important than without the suffix. See also -'Hom.

-`egh Verbs 1 (Reflexive) herself; himself; myself; oneself; themselves; yourself; yourselves This suffix indicates that the action of the verb affects the subject. Any prefix used must be one that has no object (such as jI-, bI-, ma- or Su-).