During the latter parts of the Middle Ages, philosophical culture was very much part of the religious life of Jewish communities. Many medieval Jewish people aimed for a philosophical approach to their daily lives, and this included reciting prayers based on philosophy.

A recent article by Y. Tzvi Langermann examines medieval Jewish philosophical prayers, of which their is a wide collection. Many can be found in the Codex Parma De Rossi 997, better known as the Parma Codex, which was written in the Byzantine world during the 15th century. It contains prayers attributed to many prominent medieval Jewish thinkers, as well as to figures from ancient times, such as Socrates and Hippocrates.


“I define philosophical prayer,” Langermann explains, “or the prayer of the philosophers, by its content. Philosophical prayer addresses a being recognized and revered by philosophers, for example the Cause of Causes. Prayers that express wonder over cosmic structures and processes described in philosophical text should also be regarded as exemplars of philosophical prayer.” These prayers may have said in a synagogue or in private.

Langermann offers several examples of these prayers, including one from the Parma Codex entitled: ‘A Pure prayer, translated by Rabbenu Zerahyah of blessed memory’, in which the supplicant asks God to be kept from ignorance and to better understand God and his works. Here is a translation of that prayer:

Blessed by the First of the First and the Eternal of the Eternal

The Pre-eternal, Who will not disappear in the face of flowing time and ever-changing instants


Great and holy, luminous and pure

Neither bound by place nor enclosed by time

Rather, it is He who institutes times and creates places

Blessed are You in the supernal, eternal, and everlasting pearl

It is the limpid pearl, clean and pure

First among all the light-emitting luminaries

They [the denizens of the pearly realm] are the angels, they are the intellectual powers that shine upon the faces of the creatures

Blessed is the Lord of the world, from Whom derives the life of the spiritual powers, the angelic psychic form

I beseech You, for the sake of Your eternity in everlastingness and Your unity, that You protect me and rescue me from the darkness of ignorance that seethes in this world. Draw me to the clear light that issues forth from You, and I will take refuge in you.


Make my share, for the sake of Your name, the share of the supernal secrets.

Grant me natures and the reinforcement of physique, so that I may set out on the path of the intellect; the upright path by which I will merit to glow in Your light;

And by Your differentiating me from perishable human nature and from the earthly, perishable human physique


And joining me to the angelic nature, which lasts forever and maintains itself for all eternity;

It is the domicile of the pious and God-fearing.

Woe is me, alas, for I have come late to my intellect, and I have not given You Your due;

Alas, woe is me, for I have kept silent and not thanked You for all the good that You have done for me. How bitter for me, how very sorry I am for my fleeting heart, for I have not understood that You lead me to high and lofty beliefs.

Please, God, have me attain them! Support my intellect until You guide me and take me to the source of sources; it is the fountain of life and the eternity of eternities.


Please, God, save me from the cesspools of difficult times, and from the circumstances of the moments, one upon the other; that I may have no need for, or any attraction towards, the vanities of the world, chasing after bodily lusts. Have me attain knowledge of the supernal knowledge, which is knowledge of the separate letters, so that my end may not be among the letters that are like one another in the lower world, as well as the ever-changing forms that pass on without remaining. You are witness to everything, rule over all and everything, and are capable of everything.

Y. Tzvi Langermann’s article, “A Collection of Jewish Philosphical Prayers,” appears in Regional Identities and Cultures of Medieval Jews, edited by Javier Castano, Talya Fishman and Ephraim Kanarfogel, which was published by the Littman Library of Jewish Civilization in 2018. Click here to buy this book on Amazon.com.

Y. Tzvi Langermann is a faculty member at Bar-Ilan University. Click here to visit his Academia.edu page, or see him on his Youtube page.

Top Image: A medieval miniature of the celestial bodies. The caption in Hebrew reads ‘These are a sun and a moon and stars within this wheel.‘ British Library MS Additional 11639 f. 517