The world we know now was not like this around 200 years back. Everything used to go according to the law of nature. Monsoons summer winter we're in coordination with each other and cycle of weather was almost same for millions of years but what went wrong?

In my last blog post we saw a girl child named Great Thunberg who is rising resistance to climate change. I also mentioned the 2 key protocols that govern our climate change. Today I am going to explain in brief what those two protocols are and how different countries are abided by it, also who are against it.









Many people would not be knowing about this protocol. My aim is to literate you beautiful readers of this blog so that you would also share it further with your friends, family and loved one.





in 1800 Industrial Revolution took place lot of factories lot of production demand an innovation of new things increased. And to generate energy they had to burn fuel and natural resources and this process resulted a massive Co2 emission. It has been said that Industrial Revolution is between 1780 to 1840 but, current Co2 emission proves it never stopped in just two hundred years. Many of the natural laws were malfunctioned. The system which was running fluently for millions of years got into trouble in just two hundred years. Today we face each season at its extremity. Let it be monsoon winter or summer an uncontrolled behavior of weather is creating many problems in our day-to-day life floods earthquakes and super-hot summers. Due to such impact thousands of lives have already taken away. In recognition of this in December 2015 an agreement was signed by UNFCCC members. As of March 2019, 195 UNFCCC members have signed the agreement, and 186 have become part to it.





Different countries and European Union spent two weeks in Paris past December 2015 hammering out the final wording of an agreement to keep global temperature increase well below two degrees Celsius and if possible, below 1.5 degrees. Yes, there is a change in temperature which can only be achieved through a significant reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases. This meeting was one of the largest gathering of the world leaders ever seen.









But 2 degree Celsius? what do they mean by keeping below 2 degree Celsius?

let's see…





This temperature represents the average temperature of entire earth but, 2-degree Celsius sounds not much right but let's get into a history. Since we started collecting this temperature data on earth, we see in 1890 the temperature was - 0.37 degree Celsius in 1940 it reached to – 0.03 degree Celsius. In next 40 years it got 2.27 degree Celsius. In 2008 was 0.42 degree Celsius and now in 2016 it is 0.99 degree Celsius. The year 2016 ranks as the warmest year on record. So right now, we are at almost 1 degree Celsius and which is the warmest till now and parish agreement is trying to keep it below 2 degree Celsius or possibly below 1.5 degree Celsius.





Compared to today 1 degree Celsius and its impact 2 degree Celsius will be disastrous but, then why targeting that number even if each country decides to give a lot of efforts? We will somehow be able to stop it below 2 degree Celsius but, without any guidelines and efforts it can go anywhere and the effects of it will be even much worst. And that's why they have decided to put a practical number of 2 degrees Celsius and to achieve this target everyone who attended Paris agreement meeting made emission cutting pledges. The US for example pledged to cut the US climate pollution by 26 to 28 percent from 2005 levels. China's target is to lower the carbon intensity of GDP by 60 percent to 65 percent by 2030 compared to what they had in 2005. The European Union plans to cut emission by 40 percent by 2030 compared to what they had in 1990.









The top countries which are contributing to Co2 emission





When we talk about Co2 emission we should know the top countries which are contributing to this situation the most. The number 1 Co2 emitting country is China which accounts for 30% of total emission. Then comes United States with 15 percent after that comes European Union with 10 percent emission followed by India and Russia with emission of 7 percent and 5 percent respectively. These top 5 countries emit almost 70% of total Co2 emissions of the world and the rest of the world accounts for 30 percent.









So, how this element works





Each party must go back to their domestic governments in order to gain domestic approval or in some cases have it passed by domestic law. China for instance voted to add out the proposal of the Paris agreement at the closing meeting of the National People's Congress Standing Committee. The US used a presidential executive agreement once their domestic laws give approval then the parties will submit acceptance to the UN to prove that they are ready to join. The countries should be reported every five years and are to be registered by the UN Secretariat. The countries have no binding as a matter of international law there will be no mechanism to force a country to set a target by a specific date and no enforcement if a set target is not met.









Then how these countries perform well?





Suppose one country doesn't perform and doesn't meet the target there is no law to force on these countries but, the amount of guilt and shame they must face. Simply because the low performing party who is directly affecting a climate change and global warming is much more as well it will be disrespectful to all other teammates who is putting efforts. On the other hand, the country which performs good will get appreciation and admiration in the entire world and this will no doubt work better than any law. At the Paris conference in 2017 also decided that the developed countries will give 100 billion dollar a year as a climate finance till 2025. This funds of one hundred billion a year will be given as an aid to developing countries for action on a climate change direction and mitigation.





But you may say why the developer countries how to pay to developing countries just because they have lot of money? The answer is No, on the foundation of each developed country is Industrial Revolution. The amount of money and power they have is because of the Industrial Revolution which is directly causing climate change. And developing countries were not industrialized back then and even now they are dependent on developed countries for industrial needs so all together develop the countries are somehow responsible for such a massive climate change and it's their duty to pay those countries who is facing climate disasters. But this finances specifically will be used to fight against climate change these funds will be given to parties most vulnerable to the effects of climate change includes least developed countries and small island developing states.





That's it about Paris agreement now let’s see about KYOTO protocol.









Kyoto Protocol





Global warming has become one of the most highly debated issues of our time in the face of mounting evidence to climate change and the Kyoto Protocol was created. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, japan, on 11 December 1997 which entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 parties to the Protocol . Canada withdrew from the protocol effective December 2012. The Kyoto Protocol's aim is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with climate systems. In other words, the Kyoto Protocol's mission is to cut down on many emissions such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane and ozone. Kyoto, japan,





To this end the Kyoto Protocol sets up a cap-and-trade system which creates so-called carbon credits units of Co2 production that are simple measurable and tradable. The carbon credit system makes it expensive to pollute and as such motivates both countries and companies to monitor and regulate their production of Co2. There are many benefits to the Kyoto Protocol the most evident of which is a curbing of greenhouse gases in order to stop global warming. Global warming is an immediate problem and requires an immediate and large-scale solution.









Some are against this protocol. let’s see who they are & what is reason behind it





The Kyoto Protocol is the best idea we've had about how to stop global warming however the United States and Australia have not ratified this treaty and as such have condoned the reckless pollution of our atmosphere. The Kyoto Protocol is not perfect however many economists skeptical of the existence of global warming have claimed that Kyoto Protocol is just a system to transfer wealth from the first world to the third world and is in fact a global socialist initiative. In addition, several countries believe that the Kyoto Protocol does not go far enough in its quest to stop global warming. There are also a growing number of economists who believe that the cost of the Kyoto Protocol far outweigh its possible benefits but, what can be more important than saving our planet from global warming which is expected to cause glacier retreat, ice shelf disruption, sea level rise, changes in rainfall patterns, increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, water scarcity and adverse health effects from warmer temperatures.





In conclusion the Kyoto Protocol is both necessary and beneficial is only with a large scale and strictly enforced initiative. By using the Kyoto Protocol, we may finally end global warming and create a safer and cleaner world for us to live.





Though these protocols are implemented at global level I think, we everyone at individual level can contribute to save our environment. Let me know in comments what is your take on growing climate change.



