When will astronauts launch from U.S. soil again?

Flight controllers in Russia boosted the oxygen supply to the Soyuz as a protective measure. Astronauts covered the opening with some Kapton tape, an adhesive film that remains sticky in extreme temperatures, as a temporary fix. Later in the day, the Russian cosmonauts plugged the hole with sealant and gauze. They photographed and filmed it for official records, and monitored the conditions every hour. The pressure inside the ISS eventually stabilized.

It’s lucky the leak was found now, and not in December, when three of the spacefarers are scheduled to pile into the Soyuz capsule and head back down to Earth.

With one investigation over in the Soyuz, another began. Roscosmos, the Russian space agency, has convened a committee to determine the cause of the hole. According to an update posted on the Roscosmos website on Friday, an international group of space officials will meet on September 10. They include Tom Stafford, a former NASA astronaut who has served as the chairman of the NASA Advisory Council Task Force on ISS Operational Readiness.

The Russians at first considered whether the hole was created by a type of space rock known as a micrometeoroid. Micrometeoroids are tiny, some smaller than a grain of sand, but in space they travel at thousands of miles per hour and can easily slice through metal. For decades, they have left their mark on various spacecraft and satellites. In 2013, one such rock left a visible hole in one of the solar panels on the ISS:

Bullet hole - a small stone from the universe went through our solar array. Glad it missed the hull. pic.twitter.com/iBHFVfp1p8 — Chris Hadfield (@Cmdr_Hadfield) April 29, 2013



But this week, they tossed out the micrometeoroid explanation. After examining the hole, officials determined the impact was likely made from the inside of the capsule, said Dmitry Rogozin, the head of Roscosmos.

“It is too early to say definitely what happened. But, it seems to be done by a faltering hand,” Rogozin said earlier this week, according to TASS, Russia’s government-run news agency. “It is a technological error by a specialist. It was done by a human hand. There are traces of a drill sliding along the surface. We don’t reject any theories.”

What should we do about the International Space Station?

And the spookiest part? They don’t know whether the hole was made when the Soyuz was still on Earth or while it was in space.

Rogozin vowed that officials will “find the one responsible for that, to find out whether it was an accidental defect or a deliberate spoilage and where it was done—either on Earth or in space.”

Here’s a photo of the hole, which NASA tweeted this week but later deleted, according to Chris Bergin, an editor at NASASpaceflight.com.

ISS Leak summary:



First thought was MMOD strike.



Then NASA released pics. Lots of people: "Hmmm, doesn't look like MMOD". NASA deleted the photos.



Top Russian news site RIA NOVOSTI reported - via sources but apparently confirmed by Mr. Rogozin - it was a drill hole. pic.twitter.com/520kHK0TMc — Chris B - NSF (@NASASpaceflight) September 3, 2018

The quick response to the mysterious malfunction and the seemingly collaborative effort to investigate it serves as a reminder of the good relations between the United States and Russia where the International Space Station is concerned. That kind of thing is pretty rare down on Earth. Neither nation would be able to carry out this task—operating and maintaining the biggest artificial structure in low-Earth orbit—alone. They need each other’s technology, and they need each other’s money.