China hackers set their sights on Tesla to expose just how easy it was to manipulate the Model S. Not only were they able to trick the autopilot systems of the luxury vehicles, but they’ve been able to access them remotely.

Tencent subsidiary Keen Labs released its findings in a whitepaper called “Experimental Security Research of Tesla Autopilot.” This was the second report in about three years from the highly-regarded research group, which continues to warn that Tesla’s self-driving features leave customers vulnerable.

Keen Labs Has Warned of Tesla Issues for Years

The widely-regarded Keen Labs started honing in on alleged self-driving issues at Tesla in 2016.

At that time, researchers had conducted several months of in-depth research on Tesla vehicles. In a note, it stated it had discovered “multiple security vulnerabilities. Furthermore, it had:

“successfully implemented remote, aka none physical contact, control on Tesla Model S in both parking and driving modes.”

It added in that note that the vulnerabilities had been presented and confirmed by the Tesla Product Security Team.

Chinese Hackers Remotely Access Tesla Steering System

Regardless, the findings give a peek into how Tesla’s ambitious efforts to become king of the self-driving space make for a long road ahead.

In its white paper, the research group reveals that it had made three alarming discoveries. It said it had proven that it could:

remotely gain control of the steering system. disturb the auto wipers function by using adversarial examples in the physical world mislead the car into the reverse lane with minor changes on the road

To trick the Model S into moving from one lane to another without the driver’s permission, Keen Labs created a so-called fake lane. It found that for many major autopilot tasks, Tesla uses a single large network with many outputs, and lane detection is one of those tasks.

Keen Labs tricked the vehicle by putting stickers on lanes at intersections, thinking they would throw off the Tesla, and it would guide to another lane. On a test track, their theory proved correct, and they were able to manipulate the autopilot system to force the Model S to lurch into the left lane.

I’m sure @elonmusk will take this well. It’s not like he’s prone to lashing out erratically at critics on twitter or anything. “Chinese researchers hack Tesla’s autopilot with simple stickers.” https://t.co/Swq9vJ5RYC — (((evan shapiro))) (@eshap) April 2, 2019

A Tesla spokesperson told Forbes the issues regarding remote control of the steering wheel had been addressed before the Keen researchers had been in touch (more context below).

However, this isn’t the only Tesla hacking scandal. CCN.com reported on a “white hat hacker” who has been restoring wrecked Model 3 vehicles and exposing just how much personal data lurks under the hood.

The findings come as Tesla CEO Elon Musk prepares for a showdown with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission over his tweeting. The hearing is April 4.

Tesla stock dropped 1.14 percent on the day to $285.88, pushing the company’s market cap below $50 billion.

Update: Tesla has addressed each of Keen’s specific allegations to provide full context.