Why are tons of fresh produce dumped in landfills everyday? Allison Aubrey reports for PBS NewsHour and NPR. Learn more here: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/tons-fresh-produce-dumped-landfills-every-day/ Posted by PBS NewsHour on Tuesday, June 16, 2015

Here’s a scenario lots of us can relate to: tossing a bag of lettuce because it sat too long in the back of the fridge.

It doesn’t take a long time for greens to turn to slime.

Bag by bag, this waste adds up. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the typical American family throws out about $1,600 worth of food each year. And what we consumers toss out is just the last step in a long chain of waste.

Food is lost on farms, during processing and trucking. Supermarkets toss out unsold food, too.

READ MORE: To tackle food waste, big grocery chain will sell produce rejects

We were curious about this downstream waste — the part of the food supply chain that’s largely hidden from consumers.

And we wondered how the fast-growing, packaged produce and salads category — which is expected to approach $7 billion in sales by 2018 — might contribute to waste.

In the Salinas Valley of California — known as America’s salad bowl — we visited the municipal dump. The fertile strip of land surrounding the town of Salinas produces an estimated 70 percent of U.S. salad greens.

At the dump, we caught up with Operations Manager Cesar Zuniga as a dump truck pulled in. It was filled to the brim with salads and other waste from nearby farms.

“This one looks like a mixed load,” Zuniga says. As it tipped its load out tumbled a 15 foot heap of greens.

And a lot of it looked crisp and ready to eat.

“Some loads … look very fresh,” Zuniga says. “We question, wow, why is this being tossed?”

Zuniga says the load that arrived today is pretty typical. “This is what we see through the spring and fall months: We see a lot of food waste from the salad processing plants,” he says.

As we step closer to the dumped load, Zuniga picks up a bag of salad and looks at the sell-by date stamped onto the package.

“What ended up here was good for [another] two weeks or so,” Zuniga says.

So, why were these salad greens dumped?

We called Taylor Farms, the brand name on the bags we saw at the dump. It’s one of the big salad processors in the area.

In an email, Mark Campion, president of Taylor Farms Retail, told us that the “primary reason” that salad gets disposed of is that it gets too close to its “code date” — what consumers think of as the sell-by date.

“If we overrun a particular product … it might not have enough code date for the customer to receive it,” Campion said.

The bags we saw at the dump still had almost two weeks before reaching the sell-by date. But that was probably not long enough to ship them and get them onto store shelves, because grocery chains need plenty of time to sell the products while they’re still fresh.

The bags we saw at the dump still had almost two weeks before reaching the sell-by date.

“Most [grocery store] customers require 10-11 days of useable code date upon arrival at their distribution center,” explains Campion.

Campion says Taylor Famrs gives surplus product to its employees and donates some to food banks, too. “The last option is sending product to disposal,” Campion wrote. “It’s rare that product gets disposed of, but it does happen.”

There are no official estimates of waste from salad processors. And as the U.S. Department of Agriculture has noted, it’s difficult to estimate food loss at the farm level not just for salad greens but for foods across the supply chain.

The Natural Resources Defense Council has surveyed California farmers about waste. “It’s a a difficult topic,” says JoAnne Berkenkamp, a senior advocate for the environmental group’s Food & Agriculture Program. “Farmers don’t want to talk about something they’ve grown and weren’t able to sell.”

It’s a sensitive topic — especially in drought-stricken California — where farmers use a large quantity of the state’s precious water. But Berkenkamp says the survey research shows that some farmers grow more than they can sell.

“Most large growers have strong incentive to over-plant,” explains Berkenkamp, because they “don’t want to run out of product or come up short on a contract.”

The NRDC estimates growers may over-plant by about 10 percent. This may not sound like much. “But it can really add up to thousands of pounds of surplus product,” Berkenkamp says.

And here’s another issue: When bags of lettuce and other produce end up in landfills, it contributes to climate change.

As the food decomposes, “it will release methane — a very powerful greenhouse gas,” explains Berkenkamp. And food waste in landfills is responsible for a significant portion of methane emissions.

Some of the methane gas from landfills is being captured and converted to energy. But a lot of it goes into the atmosphere.

So, what steps can we, the shoppers, take to address this issue?

We can compost the greens we don’t eat instead of tossing them. If more produce were composted, it could help reduce methane emissions, according to NRDC.

And, here’s a novel idea: Maybe more of us should re-think our shopping habits — and only buy what we know we can eat.

Back at the Salinas Valley dump, there’s a separate pile for compost. But because of all the plastic in the lettuce waste from the salad processors, it can’t can’t be composted.

So, where will it end up? A landfill.

Tune in tonight to the PBS NewsHour and check The Salt on Wednesday for more on food waste in the Salinas Valley.