Judge Casper also spoke of Mr. Bulger’s notoriety and how he had dominated the news media here for so long. In an unusual addendum, she seemed to speak not as a judge but as a guardian of Boston’s civic image. “You have over time and in certain quarters become the face of this city, and that is regrettable,” she said. “You, sir, do not represent this city.”

She ordered him to pay $19.5 million in restitution to his victims’ families and to forfeit $25.2 million to the government. While his lawyers have said that he made “millions and millions” of dollars during his three decades of controlling the South Boston underworld, it is not clear where that money is and whether it is retrievable.