At other points in the book de Waal looks at the unprompted use of arithmetic by Alex the Parrot, which calls into question how "unique" our human grasp of mathematics is, and at Ayumu the chimpanzee, who is not just pretty good at a number-recognition memory test, but better at it than almost any human on earth, including you (go ahead and try to beat Ayumu's score with this gamified version). The disturbing (to some) conclusion from the latter is that some animals are better than humans not just at living within their own ecosystem but at tasks and activities we've specifically created within our own culture - so what else might they be better at that we haven't yet come up with a way to test?