Migration can be defined by the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling down in a new place it could be either permanent or temporary new location. People are constantly looking for better opportunities to grow and earn a good living so in order to get that person usually move from a developing nation to a more developed nation in order to get a better education or better jobs.

Initially, the conditions of migrants were not good all around the world they had to suffer due to lack of worker rights and they had to live under constant fear of deportation. Women migrants had to suffer the most so in order to stay in the country they would marry a man who had the countries citizenship, but with time we can say that these situations have changed, migrants are given labor rights in almost all countries around the world and many countries treat them as their own citizen by providing them similar opportunities like voting rights, job opportunities, house allowance, etc.

Migrants can be of two types, LEGAL or ILLEGAL, the legal migrants can be people who move to other states for education or job purposes whereas illegal migrants can also be called as refugees, they are the people who are not accepted by their own country or want to leave the country due to terrorist activities. Refuge scenario has taken a toll on migration issue at max and can also be seen as an issue of human security.

Migrants can be classified into low-skilled migrants or the higher-skilled migrants, India states an example of both of these migrants, while low-skilled migration takes place in the Gulf countries where people require labor or unskilled workers and more higher- skilled migrants go to the developed countries like US, Canada, etc. Migrants that have a higher-skilled profile can be a challenge to the local-born people of the country which may put them in a conflicting situation with the local-born people. Migration, however, can be seen as afore for economic growth as well as a way to improve their livelihoods.

Also Read: Why Refugee Influx Is Deemed Detrimental

Migration is not only an economic issue it changes societies and communities in complex ways, as in Canada we can see that a large part of the population is of Indian orient and therefore to make them feel like home Canada has direction boards with Hindi and Punjabi written on them with English as well this shows the great interconnectedness that migration creates. Migration also leads to cultural homogenization, which means interlinking or intermixing of different cultures, for example,India has a fast food chain like McDonald’s, Starbucks, etc, people in the US celebrate national yoga day, yoga was invented in India, people in us love curry which was originally Indian, this shows us that both the cultures have adopted one or the other things from one another and has led to modernization and westernization.

FACTORS ENCOURAGING MIGRATION:

Environmental changes can be seen as an important factor that has made people leave their cities and move to better places, environmental degradation that is taking place each day has also taken up a toll on the action of migration we can see an increase in migration since the depletion of the ozone layer and increase in pollution created by developed countries. Lack of job opportunities, with the major increase in the population growth and competition to be the best and get the best job opportunities have also made people leave their native countries in search for a better life and job. Weaker states cannot provide their citizens with housing allowance or good social conditions for them to live, some may even lack human security and others may fail to full fill the criteria of human rights. Globalization has played a major role in the increase of migration, it creates cultural and technical conditions for mobility, for example, the increase in the ease of travel and communications. With the whole world being connected by the use of the internet provide the right amount of knowledge of work opportunities and migration routes.

The European migration and refugee crisis a good example of the drawback of migration, more than 464,000 migrants crossed to Europe the first 9 months of 2015, between January and November 2015, 3,406 migrants died in Mediterranean sea trying to cross it. Many rich European counties like Germany showed a welcoming and warm attitude towards these refugees whereas countries like Hungary, Poland did not exactly have a welcoming attitude. A major reason for this divided attitude can also vary because these migrants and refugees belonged to Islamic countries like Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, etc, letting refugees in from Islamic countries can be an issue of human security as many Islamic countries are the home of terrorism and can pose a threat to the state.

Also Read: Perks Of Refugee Influx

Similarly to this, we have the major Rohingya refugee crisis in India, according to the UNHCR report more than 3 lakh Rohingya Muslims have entered India illegally, the government also came out and said that some of the Rohingyas do certainly have a militant background and were found to be very active in Jammu, Delhi, Hyderabad, and Mewat. They have been identified as having a very serious and potential threat to the internal and national security of India. India’s relationship with Myanmar has not always been smooth but this scenario has made it worse as these refugees are not taken back by their original country and live in India as illegal migrants contributing to heave population growth and stealing the rights of the citizens. Under the 1982 citizenship law, Myanmar government recognized only about 40,000 Rohingyas as its citizens. The rest were dubbed as “illegal Bengalis” – immigrants from Bangladesh. Many of these illegal Rohingya refugees have now also acquired various governmental documents like the Aadhaar Card, or the pan card by forging their identity and creating illegal documents. The issue of migrants and refugees have grown in the last century and will keep on increasing with the increase in globalization and terrorism in the world.

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF MIGRATION

The remittance that is provided back home by people earning in the developed countries can help less-developed countries in their growth. The remittance can become the new ‘economic mantra’ the money sent home can by migrants can better the local, regional and national development of the country. Brain-drain is replaced by ‘brain circulation’, it has seen to benefit both the sending and the receiving country in some of the other way. Brain circulation can improve the condition of education in a less-developed nation. Improves the quality of life and unemployment may be reduced and give people a good job opportunity.

NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF MIGRATION:

Increase in the population in many areas has put pressure on the natural resources of the area which leads to environmental degradation in many such areas. Migrants that don’t have a house in the migrated city man increase the slum areas in the cities creating a social and economic disorder, which may also inflate crimes in the country. This results in a cultural and social change in both the countries and may lead to a loss of authenticity or culture of one country. Skilled migrants may be employed in low-skilled jobs which lead to a loss of young skill in the original country, they may their best and brightest citizens.

Migration as a global issue cannot be tackled by just one person it has to be seen as a collective action where all countries come together to solve this issue and help each other to develop and provide enough opportunities to their citizens so as to they don’t need to migrate and keep a healthy balance among the world.