Why is India's car industry in breakdown mode? Published duration 11 September 2019

media caption What cars and underwear say about India's slowdown

India's second-biggest manufacturer of commercial vehicles, Ashok Leyland, is suspending production at several units from five to 18 days in September, triggering fears that the slump in the automotive sector shows no sign of letting up. The BBC's Nitin Srivastava reports.

Ram Mardi is worried he may lose his job. He works for a company that makes spare parts for cars and heavy vehicles in Jamshedpur, an industrial city in eastern India. But he has worked only 14 days in August.

"We had a comfortable life until recently. Now, it's hard to arrange food or pay for the children's education," Mr Mardi says.

The factory he works at temporarily suspended production for half of the month to reduce inventory in the face of shrinking demand.

Industry heavyweights such as Maruti, Tata Motors and Mahindra & Mahindra have all announced production cuts over the past several months.

image copyright Getty Images image caption India's automotive industry employs some 35 million people

India's economy is facing a slowdown. It grew at 5% in the quarter ending June 2019 - its lowest in five years. This - along with a drop in private investment and a banking crisis that has made it hard to access credit - has weakened consumer demand.

The Indian government is also pushing for a transition to electric vehicles over the next decade, which some experts believe, has contributed to falling vehicle sales.

As the automotive industry declined for the 10th month in a row in August, car sales dropped by 41% - the steepest fall in two decades.

The industry is one of India's biggest, considering it employs some 35 million people, directly or indirectly, and contributes more than 7% to the country's GDP.

By some estimates, more than 100,000 workers, many of them contractual, have lost their jobs so far. Now fears are rising that if demand continues to fall, forcing lower production, more jobs could disappear.

Small and medium businesses - thousands of ancillary units that supply to the big manufacturers - have been hit the hardest. And daily wage labourers such as Mr Mardi are the most vulnerable.

And employers are also concerned. "I have never had so much trouble keeping my factory up and running", says Sameer Singh, who heads a family-owned business in Jamshedpur that makes spare parts for vehicles.

"My employees are jobless for a few weeks and I feel for them. If this continues they may move out, perhaps find another job. But I can't even look out for a job. My life starts and ends here".

Mr Singh says its also been hard for business owners, companies and consumers to borrow money because banks have tightened credit lines after a spike in bad loans in recent years dented their balance sheets.

image copyright Getty Images image caption Car sales in India have dropped to their lowest in 20 years

"The fall [in production] is so large and so dramatic that it has affected every single product - two-wheelers, car, commercial vehicles," says Sanjay Sabherwal, member of the Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India, an industry body.

Auto executives have been demanding tax cuts and easier access to financing for manufacturers, sellers and consumers. The government recently announced a slew of measures - this includes a delay in increasing the registration fees for new vehicles and asking banks to lower interest rates on loans for cars and two-wheelers.