Technology is reinventing finance. For the individual, there is a widening array of options for receiving, holding, transferring and spending the money that we earn; likewise, for governments, there are opportunities to reduce costs, simplify processes, and engage with citizens. In the developing world, value transfer via SMS is already replacing cash. With virtual currencies like BitCoin now operable without the need for a bank account, why would you open one? We need to ask whether the 5bn people coming online in the next five years will want to use our conventional financial tools and systems. We have hardly made a persuasive case for them in recent years.