MUMBAI: Various reforms initiated by the government to ensure speedy approvals and clearances aided the pace of construction of roads, which improved 40 per cent from an average 4.3 km per day in FY2014-15 to 6 km in FY2015-16 and is likely to reach 11 km by FY2018, says Crisil "The material improvement in the pace of execution can be attributed to policy reforms by the NHAI and facilitations by the government, which are also reducing delays. Given this, we expect the average construction per day for NHAI projects to nearly double to more than 11 km by fiscal 2018," Crisil Research Director Ajay Srinivasan said in a statement.The key policy reforms include easing of the clearances process, ensuring 80 per cent land acquisition before the award of project, premium rescheduling, allowing developers to fully exit operational road projects, and introduction of the hybrid annuity model."Given these reforms are largely aimed at reducing risk, private participation is set to pick up," he said.According to Crisil's analysis of 85 under-construction and 104 operational BOT and annuity projects awarded by the NHAI, which together span around 16,600 km, shows there has been a 13 per cent reduction in high-risk projects over the past fiscal.These risks pertain to completion of under-construction projects and debt servicing ability for operational ones.As per the report, within the 85 under-construction BOT projects, there has been a 10 per cent reduction; however, as many as 4,600 km of projects are still in the high-risk category because delays in land acquisition and approvals have increased costs by 20 per cent or Rs 11,000 crore, and the financial health of sponsors remains weak.These stuck projects were largely awarded during 2009-2012 and the mitigation options for them include a one-time fund infusion through NHAI loans, and a change in sponsor.The 104 operational projects also shows a significant 18 per cent reduction in both length (to 2,700 km) and outstanding debt (to Rs 19,650 crore) of high-risk operational BOT projects compared with 2015, it said.Consequently, 65 per cent of the operational portfolio has a debt service coverage ratio of over 1 times compared to 55 per cent a year back, said the report.