Why Malwa belt? Madhya Pradesh's nine districts of Malwa region are boiling with unrest after 5 farmers died. Farmers are more united in this belt as Indore's Mandi is the biggest trade market of the state. The nine districts are Mandsaur, Neemach, Dhar, Khargaoun, Dewas, Indore, Ratlam, Ujjain, Badwani.

Yogi's farmer loan waiver was the last nail in the coffin. Shivraj Singh Chouhan started his Narmada Yatra which ran in to almost 4 months. It started from January. Various groups of farmers, majorly Bharatiye Kisan Sangh (RSS outfit), Bharatiye Kisan Union started mobilizing farmers. Yogi govt's decision of waving off farmer loans was the trigger point.Farmers announced agitation from June 1st on 2 issues a) complete loan waiver b) cash payment. Over production of onion crop coincided with the agitation. Their procurement remained a big issue as farmers were forced to sell onions at much lower rate of Rs 1.5 while the input cost was between Rs 4-5.

MSP price for onion: Farmers unrest has been simmering from at least over a year. After Madhya Pradesh's image of doing extremely well in wheat production, state government pursued farmers for crop diversification. Result -many farmers moved on to onion production. Due to bumper production last year, farmers didn't get the right prices comparative to their input cost (contrary to what Modi pre-poll promise). After farmers' lobbying and pressure, Shivraj govt had to come up with MSP price (first time in Shivraj's tenure) of Rs 6 per kg as one time MSP(Minimum Support Price) last year. This has been increased to Rs 8 this year after protest.

Demonetisation resulted in delayed payment: After demonetization, govt moved in to complete digitization of all including farmers trading, which resulted in farmers getting payment of their produce through cheques that caused delay. Farmers were ready for this thunderstorm. This is yet to be settled though. Farmers demanded the change to cash payment from then, which govt agreed to pay, but half cash and rest through RTGS mode.

Immediate trigger: Shivraj Chauhan has reached to only RSS-backed Bharatiye Kisan Sangh in Ujjain on Monday and announced MSP price measures for onion, which actually didn`t go down well with other major union Bharatiye Kisan Union in the state. Protest started on the same day later in the night to an extent than some of the farmers have removed fish plates of railway line at Mandsaur. Internet suspended in Mandsaur and next day, Tuesday, 5 killed in the alleged open firing at Pimpariya, Mandsaur.

Intelligence failure: Though Shivraj's govt announced the short term measures of MSP for onion and tur dal, but state intelligence failed to anticipate the big unrest and farmers mobilization as it's been believed that most of the police departments were busy in the security arrangements for Shivraj's trip across the state.

Rise in farmer suicides: In between, continuous suicides in the states, especially by marginal farmers have irked the community. Shivraj Chauhan statement, on many fronts, on suicides also didn't go down well with the farmers. He categorically said that all suicides were not because of loan problem.

Modi failed on pre-poll promise of ensuring 50% profit over the input cost to the farmers. Radha Mohan Singh, agriculture minister, last year showed inability to fulfill the promise and said, "We are trying to reduce input cost, it's not feasible." Before coming to power, the BJP promised to implement the recommendations of the Swaminathan Commission report, but nothing has been done. Recently when Modi promised to make the income of farmers double by 2022, Shivraj Chauhan was made the head of the committee, who will formulate the guidelines. Both Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh farmers are demanding to fulfillment Swaminathan Commission report.