NEW YORK (Reuters) - U.S. insurers are buying corporate pension plans at a record clip as rising interest rates and all-time high stock-market values give companies the perfect excuse to offload them.

U.S. dollar notes are seen in this November 7, 2016 picture illustration. Picture taken November 7. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration

Calculating they can make more money from selling companies an annuity to cover the cost of the pension plans and then invest the proceeds in bonds and other securities, insurers are competing to persuade corporate America to sell them their pension risk.

These deals, known as pension risk transfers, have been around for at least 90 years, but they can be limited by a Catch 22: in good times, corporate leaders feel less of a need to rid their companies of pension burdens, and in bad times it is more expensive to do so.

“There’s a huge opportunity for the insurance industry,” said Ellen Kleinstuber, who advises pension-plan sponsors as an actuary for CBIZ Inc.

Last week, Prudential Financial Inc, the biggest player in pension transfers, said it had finalized $2.2 billion in pension deals during the fourth quarter, including a $1.8 billion deal with United Technologies Corp.

Other large insurers, including MetLife Inc and Principal Financial Group Inc are also competing for hefty pension deals as smaller insurers jockey for a slice of the market.

With so much competition, many pension consultants expect 2017 to be a strong year for pension deals. Pension transfers totaling $8.1 billion were finalized in the first nine months of 2016, according to LIMRA, an industry trade group. The number of deals hit 225, the highest in more than 25 years.

“It’s really unstoppable now,” said Scott McDermott, a managing director at Goldman Sachs Asset Management who advises companies on pension issues.

UNDERFUNDED

Pension transfers have been kicking around the insurance industry since the Cleveland Public Library unloaded its pension to Prudential in 1928.

Prudential is still making payments to two of those employees, ages 100 and 103, a spokesman said.

The biggest driver of the trend in recent years is the growing number of companies that are deciding to end their plans, McDermott said.

As retirees live longer and the legal and financial cost of maintaining pensions rise, corporations are keen to jettison them.

The problem for companies looking to offload is that the pension plans must be fully-funded before they can sell them. GM, for example, had to inject more than $2.8 billion into its pension before closing a 2012 transfer to Prudential. It also paid Prudential a $2.1 billion fee for taking on the assets.

GM’s current U.S. pension plan that is still held by the company is underfunded by $7.2 billion.

Surging stock markets and rising interest rates are making it easier for companies to replenish their pension plans but there are still gaps. The average corporate pension fund was 82 percent underfunded as of Jan. 31, according to Mercer Investment Consulting.

(This story has been corrected to replace Transamerica with MetLife in sixth paragraph. Changes Life Insurance and Market Research Association to LIMRA in seventh paragraph)