The chief editor of a leading English-language newspaper in Muslim-majority Indonesia has been named a suspect in a blasphemy case after the publication of a cartoon about the Islamic State (Isis) group.

The Jakarta Post’s Meidyatama Suryodiningrat could be jailed for up to five years if found guilty. He is the latest person to face action under the country’s tough blasphemy laws, which have been criticised by rights groups as overly harsh and outdated.

The cartoon, published in the paper on 3 July, shows a man raising a flag emblazoned with the Arabic phrase: “There is no God but Allah” over a picture of a skull and crossbones, with armed fighters in the background.

Following an outcry from Islamic groups, the Jakarta Post issued a front-page apology and retracted the cartoon five days later. It insisted it was meant to “critique the use of religious symbols”, and as a “reproach” to Isis, the Islamist group that holds vast swathes of territory across Syria and Iraq.

A group called the Jakarta Muslim Preachers Corps filed a complaint to the police and on Friday a Jakarta police spokesman said that Suryodiningrat was officially named a suspect the previous day.

“The status of MS has been upgraded to suspect,” said the spokesman, using the editor’s initials, which is normal practice in Indonesian criminal cases.

Local media reported that he will be summoned for questioning next week. In some criminal cases in Indonesia, people are first named a suspect and only detained at a later date.

In a statement published on the Jakarta Post’s website, Suryodiningrat said that the paper was amazed by the move. “What we produced was a journalistic piece that criticised the Isis movement, which has carried out violence in the name of religion,” he said.

Amnesty International last month called on new president Joko Widodo to abolish the blasphemy laws, saying that cases of people being jailed for infringing the regulations had skyrocketed under his predecessor.

Erwin Arnada, editor of Indonesia’s version of Playboy magazine, was jailed for two years in 2010 for indecency, but walked free in 2011 after the supreme court accepted his appeal.