What’s the Likely Outcome?

The quick take: It’s uncertain.

The Liberals and the Conservatives, the two largest parties in Canada, have been deadlocked in a statistical tie throughout the campaign although several analysts said that over the weekend, there was a slight shift in Mr. Trudeau’s favor.

With such a sprawling, fragmented system of local elections, polls tracking voter intentions are a tricky business.

As in the United States, Canada has liberal and conservative strongholds. The Liberals dominate urban centers like Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver. The Conservatives are strong throughout the Prairie provinces in the West and in other rural areas.

If either party gets a majority — 170 seats in Parliament — it’s game over. If neither does, the leaders of smaller parties become kingmakers in forming a government.

The other parties include the left-leaning New Democratic Party, or N.D.P.; the Bloc Québécois, a group that supports Quebec’s independence from Canada and runs candidates only in that province; and the Green Party, which focuses on environmental issues.

The N.D.P. has ruled out supporting the Conservatives while the Greens say they will only support a government that champions their climate policies. If the Conservatives win more votes than the Liberals, but not a majority, new elections could be called if they can’t muster enough support from other parties.