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That really varies between individuals. Some have trouble getting good grades while others don‘t have any trouble with it.

Asperger‘s syndrome can affect grades in various ways. Below are a few examples.

Some aspies are really good at 1-2 subjects and really bad at all other subjects. That may have to do with how easily they understand the subject (they might for example find math easy to understand, but find literature difficult), how interested they are in the subjects (it‘s usually easier for aspies to learn about things they are really interested in), the teaching methods used etc. One teacher may be able to reach them and explain things in a way they understand and remember, while another teacher doesn‘t.

Some aspies have real difficulties with non-literal figures of speech. They may not understand metaphors, sarcasm, jokes and such, so if the teachers or the textbooks use those a lot, the aspie could easily misunderstand or get confused. Due to poor social and communication skills, they may also find it hard to keep up with what‘s going on if there are discussions or debates in class or if they need to interact with others.

Some aspies have a lot of sensory issues, so the school/classroom environment may be extremely uncomfortable and even painful to their senses, which makes it harder to concentrate and follow up with what‘s going on.

Some aspies have poor motor skills, which can cause problems with handwriting. They might write slowly and not be able to listen at the same time as they are writing, which can make taking notes hard. Writing slowly can make it hard to answer tests fast enough to be able to finish the test withint the time limit.

Some aspies are depressed due to their social difficulties, loneliness, bullying and such. Depression makes everything a lot harder. Simple tasks can become almost impossible to finish. Depression can affect one‘s concentration, memory and motivation, all of which are really important when it comes to studying.

Intelligence and skills vary between inidividuals with Asperger‘s syndrome. Some are able to compensate for their weaknesses with their strengths, while some others may not have that ability. Some also have a support system in place or get acommodations, while others don‘t, so the latter might struggle more.

Some may have difficulties at school, but catch up by studying really hard and making a lot of extra effort, which earns them decent grades. However, not all aspie students have the motivation or ability to do that, so their grades may suffer.

It also varies how students are graded. It can be from tests, written assignments, oral presentations, group work, active participation in class etc. People with Asperger‘s syndrome may do well at tests and written assignments, but struggle more with oral presentations or group work. Due to poor social skills they may end up being somewhat withdrawn in class or unable to/uncomfortable with actively participating in discussions. Those factors can affect their grades and drag them down.

I have Asperger‘s syndrome myself and I did really well academically when I was in college. Some subjects were really easy for me and I got top grades with little effort. Some subjects were more difficult for me, but I studied really hard to get good grades at those subjects too. Not everyone would have bothered trying that hard to do well at subjects they're neither good at nor find interesting in any way.