CHICAGO — Mayor Rahm Emanuel outlined a plan on Wednesday to make Chicago’s gun laws, already some of the strictest in the country, even tougher.

Calling gun violence Chicago’s “most urgent problem,” Mr. Emanuel, who has said the issue is one of his administration’s top priorities, introduced a proposal to the City Council that would impose tighter restrictions on gun retailers and buyers. Under the proposal, all gun sales would be videotaped, an effort to deter buyers from using false identification. Gun buyers could make only one purchase each month, and gun shops would not be allowed within 500 feet of schools or parks.

Speaking to reporters after the City Council meeting, Mr. Emanuel emphatically promoted his plan, saying that it was part of a wider strategy — including an increased police presence — to make the streets of Chicago safer.

The plan is the latest attempt by the mayor to restrict firearms in the city, a response to intractable gang-related violence. In January, a federal judge ruled that an outright ban on gun shops in Chicago was unconstitutional, citing “the right to keep and bear arms for self-defense under the Second Amendment.” The judge gave the Emanuel administration six months to come up with a new plan.