Warning Media and readers of my articles about atomic bombs 1945, moon trips 1969, M/S Estonia ferry incident 1994 and 911 tower top down terrorist collapses 2001 (this one) are warned. You probably suffer from cognitive dissonance and cannot handle my information without getting mentally disturbed with serious consequences. My proven facts are simple and correct and good news. A-bombs do not work. Humans cannot travel to the Moon. M/S Estonia didn't lose her bow visor. Skyscrapers do not collapse from top down . All information to the contrary is pseudoscience , propaganda lies or fantasies promoted by media and taught at universities. And if you do not agree with the official lies, you will not be allowed at the university boat race* and other silly events, etc. Your position in society is at risk. If you suffer from cognitive dissonance, you no doubt find my info disturbing and get upset, angry, anxious or worried. What to believe and write? Old lies or truth? Media incl. newspaper chief editors are kindly requested to get psychological assistance to get rid of their cognitive dissonance. Why not cure yourself? And publish the result as a scoop. *Safety at sea is my business SEC. 1021. AFFIRMATION OF AUTHORITY OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE UNITED STATES TO DETAIN COVERED PERSONS PURSUANT TO THE AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF MILITARY FORCE. (a) IN GENERAL.- Congress affirms that the authority of the President to use all necessary and appropriate force pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (Public Law 107-40; 50 U.S.C. 1541 note) includes the authority for the Armed Forces of the United States to detain covered persons (as defined in subsection (b)) pending disposition under the law of war. (b) COVERED PERSONS. - A covered person under this section is any person as follows: (1) A person who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored those responsible for those attacks. (2) A person who was a part of or substantially supported al-Qaeda, the Taliban, or associated forces that are engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners, including any person who has committed a belligerent act or has directly supported such hostilities in aid of such enemy forces. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 It would appear Prof. Bazant and others mentioned below are covered persons to be detained as per above US law. You wonder why they are still at large. Is the President or military sleeping? Anders Björkman Americans don't know any more about physics and structural architecture and engineering than the Soviet population and Stalin knew about genetics. Today "Lysenkoism" is used as a metaphor to denote the corruption of science in behalf of a social, political, or ideological purpose. Paul Craig Roberts

Welcome! All information about New York skyscrapers collapsing from top down - tops crushing intact bottoms - full of people 11 September 2001 in fountains of smoke and dust as shown live on all US TV channels and then disappearing in little heaps of rubble was 100% false! The US government had of course produced similar, stupid shows before - 1945 and 1969 . There is first no way an airplane of aluminium can penetrate a wall of steel columns of the top of a skyscraper and explode inside. The steel columns backed by floors are too strong and the floors will slice the airplane's body into small pieces, dislocate the wings and most parts should bounce away and drop down on the ground. But this didn't happened. Mysterious planes were twice recorded on film slicing the walls of skyscrapers with their wings on 911 and disappearing through a hole followed by balls of fires! Second there is no way that a little top part of a structure can crush the intact bottom of same structure by gravity or by controlled demolition (unless using e.g. 25 off 300 kg composition H6 charges fitted just outside the elevator shafts in the core at every fourth floor and triggered from top down) and become ... dust (!) ... as shown on all available videos and footage, e.g. left! The footage is fake! So all footage and videos showing airplanes flying through skyscraper walls and the skyscrapers structure becoming fountains of dust live on TV were produced before hand! By whom? By the terrorists responsible for the destructions, of course. Reason is simple: Structures always collapse by gravity from bottom up and do not end up as dust! And airplanes cannot slice through skyscraper walls! This web page of mine explains all about the lies of the US 911 NIST investigation. I pay anyone €1 milllion proving me wrong!

WTC 1 - the case for collapse/crush down arrest A thin roof of a skyscraper cannot crush the skyscraper below! What you saw is just an example of media fakery propaganda and it is not a conspiracy theory

Welcome. This article of mine about the 911 WTC 1 collapse is in 39 sections for easy reference. If you still believe that a skyscraper collapses from top down ( the weak top crushing the strong bottom ) after having studied them, please tell me.

Content: 1. WTC 1/2 - Learning from ship collisions 2. Structural damage analysis 3. The Björkman axiom explained 4. After a few seconds the building parts C+A are just rubble B from top down! 5. Just drop anything on something 6. What is a drop? 7. Prof. Bazant and NIST explain something to support terrorism; One-way crushing! 8. Just watch the videos (they are all fakes) of the destruction 9. Rigid blocks, boxes or sponges 10. What is strain energy and can you calculate it? 11. The official explanation(s) - One-way crushing (used by terrorists) 12. What you would expect to happen 13 . Controlled top-down demolition - big sheets of intact perimeter wall columns assemblies would be pushed out and drop to ground! 14. The major NIST Problem - Lack of evidence! 15. Evidence contradicting the NIST cause 16 . What is a one-way crush down? Ever heard about one? 17. Upper part C is destroyed by forces acting on it 18. Obvious contradictions 19. The WTC # 1 and 2 towers were flexible 20. Strange explanations and real verifications 21. Mass and density of upper part C 22. Density of rubble - part B 23. Initiation of collapse - the first crush - formation of rubble part B 24 . The second crush - rubble part B doubles in thickness - energy calculations 25. The displacement of the roof line of part C during destruction of 13 storeys 26. Verification of parts A and B using video recordings of the destruction of 13 storeys 27. Situations when part C roof line has dropped 100 m, 200 m and when part B hits ground 28. Correspondence with G 29. More funny explanations and air jets clarified 30 . Over-loading! 31. Unproven assumptions and collapse arrest 32. Collapse Arrest - Happens all the time! 33. No rubble would be produced! 34. No rubble is produced by local failures! 35. Massive frictional forces develop 36. Other possibilities 37. Conclusions 38. Dangerous Sect at Work 39. References

1. WTC 1/2 - Learning from ship collisions by Anders Björkman (M.Sc),

The WTC 1/2 Towers could not have been one-way crushed down and destroyed by its weak, light weight upper part C dropping on the much heavier and stronger bottom part A keeping part C in place on 9/11/2001 as reported by NYT and seen 'live on (faked) TV' . A light, weak top part crushing a heavy, strong bottom part of a structure as suggested by evil magicians in the USA cannot happen in the real world. It is also explained at 1.18.50 in DVD2 - a film about the 911 incident.

Can actually hijacked jets making holes in the weak tops of towers, destroy the complete, stronger, intact, not on fire towers below as suggested by evil people in the USA? Or was NYT publishing a lie? More faked photos were published by the NYT Staff ... and they got a prize!

According basic structural damage analysis no structure can destroy itself by its light top part dropping on the lower stronger part. Why did NYT suggest the contrary? Watching TV ?

It is very easy to fake a plane crashing into a skyscraper! Like this! It is just a question of various layers on a video! And to add some scripted comments! It is like composing music. But when a plane collides with a skyscraper there should be plenty of plane parts bouncing off the skyscraper ... but there were none!

It appears that all videos and pictures showing the destruction of WTC and the rubble afterwards are simply faked by the terrorists!

Left is a plan of the WTC 1-7 complex. Above is a photo of the WTC 1-7 complex after complete destruction 2001.So what really happened? Did planes flown by Arabs slice into and land inside the WTC 1/2 towers to start destruction? Did the WTC 1/2 towers suddenly become dust by a secret weapon? What happened?

Imagine that! The real terrorists faked the whole show using TV and media ... and blamed some Arabs! Of course similar things have been done before. 1945 ! 1969 ! It is media fakery propaganda!

I am convinced that the POTUS 2001 ordered the falsifications of all 911 investigations of all kind, incl. the structural analysises done by NIST, and that the fakery should be kept secret forever by an Executive order to this effect backed up by laws to prevent any whistle blowers to tell the truth as described below.

I am convinced that the United States and key allies and partners 2017 use disinformation and other propaganda tools to undermine the national security objectives of Sweden, France and other countries deemed vulnerable to foreign propaganda and disinformation campaigns.

Therefore there are many web sites explaining that it is perfectly normal that a weak top of steel structures can crush by gravity the much stronger bottom part keeping it in place. Such web sites are simply made by terrorists using media and Internet to fool the public! Photo right (I have added C and A) that you find on the Internet is often used to illustrate a crush down global collapse by gravity of a skyscraper that allegedly took place twice on 9-11. Many similar photos exist. It is suggested that a small, structurally weak top part C, hidden by the smoke, has got loose due to fire/local failures (plane making hole!) up top and is dropping down by gravity on the much bigger and stronger structural bottom part A and that smoke, dust, debris - thousands of small pieces - and big, loose steel wall panels are ejected sideways in all directions as a result, while bottom part A is crushed down into rubble B, also hidden by smoke. The picture, like all similar pictures or videos , is a fake! It is just a stupid animation created by terrorists using computer generated images by Photoshop or Blast Code or similar or a advanced controlled demomition destruction. The top part is simply erased and smoke (from a likewise fake atomic bomb explosion!), dust and debris added Hollywood style in different layers - live on TV! Easy to show and prove. The picture is really ridiculous. Small top C crushing big bottom A = ridiculous! Prove me wrong and win €1 . 000 . 000:- - (Note - photo is a fake! Smoke and debris are false.)

A crazy, criminal civil engineering professor Z. Bazant and supporter of terrorism explained the brainwash the same day: When an air plane a) has just hit the weak, light top C of a skyscraper A and put it on fire b), the skyscraper suddenly collapses, c, d, e) from top C down through bottom A in a fountain of debris, it is suggested that the plane and fire caused the progressive collapse of the strong, heavy bottom A, as shown right: The wrong information - brainwash - that manipulates you, is difficult to resist, if others believe, or are made believe, the same thing, e.g. by the TV and media. What makes such events most distinctive is their self-insulating quality. Engineers that believe that structures collapse from top, because they saw it on television, will not accept engineering principles to the contrary - that it is physically impossible.

I have prepared a Power Point Presentation (you have to open it with Microsoft PowerPoint) from footage shown "live on TV" how the WTC1 (North Tower) roof (#110) of top part C drops six floors to floor #104, while at same time nothing happens to the structure below floor #92, i.e. bottom part A. Fake smoke on top of the roof also drops six floors, while more smoke is added to simulate ejection of smoke of the top six floors being compressed. Officially the complete top part C remained intact and crushed the intact bottom structure. Actually the footage is simple Computer Generated Images done by the terrorists to impress the president, CIA, FBI and other stupid observers.



I wonder why any US terrorism analysts like FBI cannot see that! Can't they distinguish a fake photo or video from a real one? Can't FBI analyze structural damages? I pay anybody €1 000 000:- to produce a real photo or video of a structure collapsing by gravity from the top! To assist anybody to spot a trick, animated, US (propaganda) film you are invited to watch this . On a sunny day (1953?) a number of US warships are gathered at sea around a spot - ground zero! - to watch an atomic, nuclear bomb going off ... which happens suddenly: 60 kg of uranium 235 is in very short time, nanoseconds, transformed into pure energy corresponding to 20 000 ton of TNT we are supposed to believe: the atmosphere is heated to 100 000°C and compressed to 100 000 bar producing a heat/pressure blast wave (apart from a dirty mushroom cloud) that progresses at 3 000 km/h! But the few clouds in the sky and the 10+ ships on the water are not affected at all !!! - reason being that the 'explosion' is fake - an early Hollywood animation. Here is a plane colliding with WTC2. But in five different ways as shown live on TV! Poor animations! Below are two more faked photos of the WTC destructions: FBI Special Agent trying to stop a tower collapsing from top!

xxxxxxx Upper small part C crushing big A = ridiculous! Prove me wrong and win €1 . 000 . 000:- (Note - photos are fakes! Smoke and debris are just added by Photoshop.)

You wonder why a big wall panel falling on side always is followed by a trail of smoke/dust. And why the smoke on top looks the same! Copy/paste of various layers of animations? In reality - the REAL world - no tower or structure can ever get destroyed or collapse from top down (!) as seen. In the REAL world the towers were destroyed from bottom up - but no footage of it is available. But trust me - the only way to destroy the towers is ... using explosives of some kind. So Obama killed the wrong person 1st May 2011. Osama could not have destroyed the WTC-towers. Right is another photo of similar type, i.e. a fake (from the NIST reports) showing steel wall panels and debris falling from the top of the South Tower, WTC2, while the bottom part of WTC2 in the background is still intact. The picture is evidently a fake! It is just another stupid animation created by same terrorists and Photoshop! And dishonest photographers. Terrorists! Imagine - there is a small fire up top in a skyscraper and suddenly the four solid perimeter walls - steel panels - are ripped off six floors apart, i.e. at two locations top/bottom and are pushed out and then fall down on the streets below followed by clouds of dust and a photographer (terrorist?) snaps a picture of it - just when the panels pass by ... while the bottom of the skyscraper is still intact! Unbelievable in my view! It is of course impossible to snap such a picture. But there are people making fake pictures. They are of course terrorists! And FBI or any US authority does nothing about it. Amazing. FBI does not react! All these photos and videos of the destruction are taken from far away ground by suspect photographers using teleobjectives. Big parts - steel wall panels - dropping from skyskraper = ridiculous! Prove me wrong and win €1 . 000 . 000:- (Note - photo is evidently a fake!) Fake photo of top part turned into dust dropping down outside an intact bottom part. Evidently a top part turned into dust cannot crush an intact bottom structure There exists no close up footage taken by helicopters of the destructions themselves and just before for scientific verification of the damages. This is very strange and clear evidence that what was shown 'live on TV' was a hoax of grand proportions. It is therefore not surprising that an identical (or slightly 'repaired' (!) upper right corner) steel wall panel pops up on another photo right attributed to alcoholic NY photograper Richard Drew , AP. I do not like Richard Drew, AP. He cannot explain how he managed to snap a falling wall steel panel at 100 mph. Has he a drinking problem? Now the steel wall panel drops on the Marriott hotel in downtown NY! But it is just amateurish Photoshop! Like all terrorist photos of the 'collapses'. A skyscraper can only get destroyed from bottom up! A skyscraper can never collapse from top down! Why is described below! A false FEM decription of a structural collapse is shown here . US authorities and terrorists believe that structural components like beams are just ripped apart ... by gravity ... and fly away! Sorry GWB and Condi - you do not fool me! Same part, repaired (!), dropping from skyskraper on hotel = ridiculous! Prove me wrong and win €1 . 000 . 000:- (Note - photo is faked = photoshopped by Richard Drew, AP) Bill Biggart is another photographer producing pictures, e.g. this (plane collides with WTC2) or this (debris and panels fall from WTC2). Another (faked!) photo, right, of a dropping wall panel of WTC2 is from a fake video by Christian Martin, NBC: Doesn't people know that walls are not falling off tops of buildings and that filming such non-events is suspicious? How a skyscraper destroys itself from top down (!) is described by US terrorists in Chapter 9 of NIST Report 1-6 (http://wtc.nist.gov/NCSTAR1/PDF/NCSTAR%201-6.pdf) . Every essential piece of information in that report is of course false. Imagine that! USA publishes a report how a skyscraper destroys itself from top on 9-11 and everything is faked! Doesn't the authors of the report know that no structure can destroy itself from top down by gravity? And why illustrate the report with fake photos of falling wall panels? Of course, it fools plenty of people but not the real experts. Big part, ripped off wall panel again, dropping from skyscraper = ridiculous! Prove me wrong and win €1 . 000 . 000:- (Note - video is stupidly faked by Christian Martin, NBC!)

This presentation explains why a structure cannot destroy itself from top down by gravity, i.e. there is too little energy available to destroy the lower, stronger structure ... and the bottom part of WTC1 is 10 times stronger than the top part.

That's why houses and towers never globally collapse from top down. The USA is simply fooling the world. It will take 30 minutes to read the presentation!

Analysis of the seismic waves emitted near the time of the plane impacts and at the moments of the collapses and recorded at stations in New York and four neighboring states on September 11, 2001, indicate that WTC1 and WTC2, respectively were brought down by controlled demolition.

The author is a naval architect with 40 years of steel structural design experience including structural damage analysis and maintenance and repairs of steel structures. He has investigated the structural damage from many ship collisions . The destruction of WTC 1, a plane colliding with a steel framed tower (as described here ) and what follows, e.g. weak upper part of WTC 1 dropping on/impacting lower, stronger structure, is in many respects similar to a collision between two steel ships - one small and one big!

At the moment of contact of A) the 'WTC 1 upper part and lower structure' or B) 'two ships in collision', a certain momentum (mass times velocity), kinetic energy (momentum times velocity divided by 2) and forces (energy divided by displacement) have to be considered.

All structural elements involved are subject to displacements and local failures due to the forces applied; energy is absorbed and consumed, friction forces between failed/displaced elements in contact develop, forces and loads are re-distributed, momentums are reduced as outer forces are applied on the parts and the environment and the destruction is always arrested after a while. All kinetic energy of the collision is transformed into heat and the momentum is transmitted to ground/Earth (very big mass part of the collision).

Many people ask how were the towers destroyed if they were not crushed from top down by gravity. The top down crush seen on TV was just an animation of computer generated images, CGI, done by Hollywood. The 110 floors steel frame WTC1&2 towers were brought down by controlled demolition, like the 28 floors tall Biltmore Hotel , October 1977:

"Seconds after the final warning signal blared Sunday afternoon at a downtown redevelopment site in Oklahoma City, precisely placed explosive charges dropped a 28-story building almost in its tracks. When it fell, the 245-ft-high structure became the tallest steel-frame building to be demolished with explosives. ... CDI placed 991 separate charges, about 800 lbs. of explosives in all, on seven floors from the basement to the 14th floor and detonated them over a five-second interval. CDI's detonation sequence aimed to drop the building in a southerly direction in what is called a controlled progressive collapse in order to lay out the demolished structure to ease removal of debris."

The result was a big heap of steel frames showing that explosives had been used, so all footage of the rubble was faked too using CGI.

2. Structural damage analysis

It is not a static or dynamic solid mechanics problem! It is a structural damage analysis problem easy to solve! The upper part of WTC 1 and its roof can only apply forces on the lower structure elements that the upper part can itself withstand in the first place. As the upper part and the lower structure of WTC 1 have identical structures, the upper part cannot destroy the lower structure of WTC1 in a top-down collapse. In ship collisions, where different types of structure come into contact, the situation is slightly different but identical principles of analysis apply. Both structural parts deform and maybe damage each other. A roof remote from the collision interface cannot just disappear!

What happened to the smaller upper part and its roof of WTC 1 colliding with/dropping on (?) the bigger lower part on 911 can be seen on photos below (origin of photos is Internet videos and reliability cannot be guaranteed; footage is obviously manipulated). Try to follow the roof that does not contactr anything:

Fig. A1 - The upper part C (floors 97-110 + roof + mast) rests on the lower part! Destruction has not started. Roof is intact. At right insert is shown upper part C in original position. Fig. A2 - Destruction and collision (!) have started!! The upper part C (floors 97-110 + roof + mast) (95% air) is destroyed (using Photoshop!), while roof line and mast move down 5 floors or 18-19 meters. It, the upper part C incl. roof , should however remain intact and not get smaller and it should now crush down intact, strong WTC 1 lower structure according US authorities! The animators are doing a lousy job! Fig. A3 - The upper part C (floors 97-110 + roof + mast) is completely destroyed and turned into dust, i.e. removed by Photoshop, but mast can still be seen. But where is the roof? It should be intact!! Debris is ejected sideways at high velocity. This is obvious fake animation - top Photoshopped and smoke added! Fig. A4 - The WTC 1 lower, intact, strong structure top part explodes (LOL) in a cascade of debris and dust! The upper part C roof, and mast is fully destroyed or removed/turned into dust and cannot produce what we see! It looks as if a bomb has gone off inside WTC 1 blowing debris sideways. No upper part C with intact roof is crushing down anything here, i.e. what you see is a Photoshopped (computer graphic image) animation. Fig. A5 - More debris is thrown out sideways (more bombs go off!) and smoke is ejected upwards! Evidently not a result of the upper part C + roof being intact and crushing down lower structure as per US authorities. It, the upper part C + roof, has already disappeared or gone up in Photoshopped smoke and dust. The animators add more smoke and dust for effect! Fig. A6 - There is no sign of an intact upper part C crushing WTC 1! Why does US authorities suggest that a skyscraper can be destroyed by a small top upper part C one-way crushing down (!) much stronger, bigger structure below by gravity and fire up top? Anybody can see on animated photos above that WTC1 is blown apart from top down in a simple animation and that the upper part C is turned into dust first. It cannot happen in reality, i.e. what we see is an animation, Hollywood style. It was also shown 'live on TV' in USA on all five major TV channels. Imagine that! Fake footage was shown live on TV on 911!

Actually an upper part C and its roof crushing anything would have been impossibe, because Björkman's axiom (see below) regarding structural damage analysis of identical structures in collision says:

A smaller, upper part of an isotropic or composite 3-D structure, when dropped on and impacting a greater part of same structure by gravity, cannot one-way crush down the greater, lower part of the structure.

The upper part C and its roof should in fact have remained stuck up top on say floor #94, if some local failures due to fire occured there! The roof far away from the collision interface cannot just disappear after a few seconds. What was seen and recorded above is pure show or terror business - choreographed for maximum exposure, maximum emotional effect, and maximum replay drama. What could have been more dramatic than what the Americans saw - over and over and over again - on 911? But physically and from a structural damage analysis point of view the structural destruction is not possible.

3. The Björkman axiom explained

The Björkman axiom can be better understood by looking at what happens when two objects C and A collide inelastically, i.e. the objects are deformed/damaged in an isolated space (in some simple, numerical examples):

We start with two objects C and A of same mass (and other structural properties). Note how the velocity of the moving part C changes (is reduced) at collision!

C has mass m = 1 kg and is moving at velocity v = 10 m/s and its kinetic energy (mv²/2) is 50 J and its momentum (mv) is 10 kgm/s. A has mass 1 kg but is stationary (0 energy and momentum). After inelastic collision C with A in a closed space we assume both objects move at velocity 5 m/s - momentum 10 kgm/s is conserved - and then we observe that the kinetic energy of A+C is only 25 J. Note that moving part C slowed down from 10 to 5 m/s in this inelastic collision! Where did the 25 J go? (In an elastic collision A gets velocity 10 m/s and C becomes stationary and no energy and momentum is lost).

If an inelastic collision really can take place in a closed, isolated space as suggested; mass C 1 kg/10 m/s/ 50 J/ 10 kgm/s hits stationary mass A 1 kg/0/0/0 and both (C+A) proceeds at 5 m/s (glued together?) after collision thus with constant momentum 10 kgm/s but only with 25 J kinetic energy, the missing 25 J energy evidently was transformed into, e.g. heat, deformations, failures and gluing of C and A at the inelastic collision. 12.5 J/kg can really locally transform/modify/glue C and/or A in many ways, but it depends on the structural and material properties of C and A.

The difference between an elastic and inelastic collision in closed space is that, in the latter, structure is modified and kinetic energy is transformed into heat. Momentum is always conserved.

Now lets study an example of the axiom. C is the smaller part and remains at 1 kg and A becomes the bigger part!

Let's say that A is 9 times bigger - 9 kg - than C and that C+A (10 kg) proceeds at only 1 m/s after collision/glued together in a closed space (momentum 10 kgm/s is conserved) and that you lose 45 J in the collision or only 4.5 J/kg on A+C together. Note that moving part C now reduces speed from 10 to 1 m/s in order to transmit energy.

However, if the 45 J energy used to transform/glue the objects is split 50/50 between C and A, then 22.5 J/kg is applied on small part C and only 2.5 J/kg is applied on big part A. Reason for this is that the contact forces between C and A are equal at contact.

In this case and, if C and A, has same structure/material/properties and are subject to identical forces, actually pressures or stresses, C breaks up long before A in an inelastic collision, as small C must absorb 9 times more energy than big A. The axiom suggests that similar things happens when two objects collide in an open space, where A may be fixed to, e.g. ground, e.g. like WTC 1 on 911.

It means that you cannot crush an isotropic or composite 3-D structure A by a part C of itself (C = 1/9 A) by dropping part C on A using gravity. Part C either bounces (elastic collision) on A or gets damaged (inelastic collision) in contact with A and is stopped by A that is also damaged a little. It is quite basic and all due to forces/pressures/energy applied and that the two parts have identical structure and material. Actual materials, size and particulars of the elements of the structure A doesn't matter the least. Part C of A cannot destroy A, as C must absorb much more energy per mass unit than A in the inelastic collision.

Thus no structures, 1, 2 or 5 meters tall, or 100, 200 or 500 meters tall exist that will one-way crush down, when a small part C is dropped on the bigger part A below.

And everytime a small, upper part C collides with a stationary big, lower part A, small C loses most of its velocity and stops! If C does not lose velocity at all, as seen on 911, there is no collision! (It is a controlled demolition of some sort - C is destroyed first followed by A -from top down - and impossible to show on video/photo).

However, various people, i.a. Bazant and Seffen (apart from Usama Bin Laden, Condoleezza Rice, GW Bush and similar clowns), which will be further described below in parts I , III and V of this paper propose otherwise.

They suggest that what they describe as one-way crushing or progressive collapse takes place as follows: First, after impact, upper part C of a building A does not lose any velocity but increases it due gravity (!) and during the collapse there is a transfer of mass (?) from the stationary building, lower part A, to the moving top section, part C, due to deformation and local failures of structural elements in part A only - a layer of rubble, part B, attached to part C is formed, which is a function of displaced distance downwards. Second, the stationary building, lower part A, lamely resists the motion of the top, upper section, part C, and its rubble layer, part B, but cannot stop it. C and B just increase (!) their speed. After a few seconds the building C+A is just rubble B from top down. Or in other words; just drop a little piece C of a structure A you want to destroy on A and C destroys A.

4. After a few seconds the building parts C+A are just rubble B from top down!

The Bazant & Co crush-down theory applied to a structure consisting of five assemblies of structural elements - one upper part C and four lower parts A ; All parts consists 95% of air. Each part has height h. Thus total structure has height 5 h.

(1) Lower parts A carries upper part C of the structure statically with a FoS >1 (actually >3 so that part C will not collapse by itself before start). Primary load bearing elements make up <1% of the structure volume. Upper part C is then dropped on top part A and one way crush-down, suggested by Bazant & Co, starts. The suggested reason is that upper part C can apply sufficient energy to destroy elements in part A and compress them into rubble part B without destroying itself. It is of course crazy! Part C cannot apply energy to destroy part A without destroying itself!

(2) POUFF!! Upper part C has crushed top part A into rubble part B A/4; The density of part B rubble is 4 times the density of C and A according Bazant. Part C has dropped 3/4 h. Part C remains intact according to Bazant & Co . In reality it cannot happen but Bazant & Co suggest otherwise!

(3) POUFF!! Upper part C has crushed two top parts A into rubble part B A/2; Part C has dropped 1.5 h! The rubble B assists the crushing of part A.

(4) POUFF!! Upper part C has crushed three top parts A into rubble part B 3A/4; Part C has dropped 2.25 h. The rubble B assists the crushing of part A.

(5) POUFF!! Upper part C has crushed all four parts A into rubble part B = one part A; Part C has dropped 3 h. The rubble B assists the crushing of part A.

(6) POUFF!! Rubble part B (!) has crushed up (?) upper part C into rubble from below. Parts A and C with density 0.25 have become 100% rubble of height 1.25 h and 'rubble' density 1. (7) The rubble then spills out on the ground POUFF!! , according Bazant & Co (and is more compressed to density >1?). Evidently no structure goes POUFF!! POUFF!! POUFF!! POUFF!! POUFF!! from top down when you drop a small top piece on it. The basic errors with these suggestions are simply that no transfer of mass can occur between parts A and C due to a rubble layer, part B, being formed and accelerated and that part A evidently can arrest the motion of C in various ways. Bazant and Seffen are like the stalinist scientist (!) Lyssenko in the 1930's. Their theories cannot be verified scientifically by laboratory and field experiments under controlled conditions; they just make up fantasy theories (to support terrorism!). Actually, you can fly in as many planes as you like in the tops of WTC 1 and 2 but the lower structure of WTC 1 and 2 will not be crushed down by the tops ever! Structures like WTC 1 and 2 cannot collapse from top down! To destroy a structure you have to do it from bottom up (controlled/planned demolition) removing elements at the bottom or step by step applying energy locally. Fig. A7 - A building A with a top part C becomes rubble B due to progressive collapse and crush down of A by C according to false theories of Bazant and Seffen developed after 11 September 2001. Evidently a small top part cannot crush a bigger bottom part of same structure only due to gravity!

Source http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build07/PDF/b07008.pdf It is quite simple to learn what happens in collisions or impacts in open space or when different structures are really being crushed! Rule one is not to crush yourself by anything even if gravity alone will not suffice to crush anything completely. You have to check more! And stay alive . 5. Just drop anything on something Start with a solid rubber ball, mass m (kg) and drop it on the floor from height h = 3.7 meters height = the height that WTC 1 upper part is assumed to drop. The ball free falls with acceleration g (9.81 m/s²) due to gravity, makes contact with the floor and normally bounces. The little ball was not rigid and deformed upon contact with the floor. Why? The strong floor applied a force on the solid rubber ball, so that it deformed, absorbed some of the kinetic energy E involved (E = m*h*g) and then released it and bounced up. Evidently the ball also applied a force on the floor that also deformed, absorbed the remainder of the energy involved; maybe the floor vibrated a little. This is Newton's third law at work. Note the change/direction of velocity of the ball! Then do the same thing with a solid sphere of steel. Drop it on the floor. If the floor is strong enough, the same thing will happen as with a rubber ball! The steel sphere bounces. If the floor is not strong enough, i.e. it cannot produce a force big enough to deform the steel sphere, so that it bounces back, the floor will be damaged - a hole is formed in it, and the steel sphere drops through the hole at reduced speed and contacts something else below, or the floor is just partially damaged ... and catches the steel ball, i.e. arrests it. Note the the change of velocity of the sphere of steel.

Finally drop anything weak (an egg or a lemon?) on something strong! PLAFSH! The weak anything (the egg or lemon!) is crushed against the strong something! It's velocity becomes zero!

Don't forget that! This is what happens when different structures collide.

Try to compress a lemon with another lemon. What happens? Both lemons compress. This happens when identical structures collide.

Drop rubble on a structure and the structure doesn't collapse. Rubble cannot crush down any structure.

Now you have learnt a little what can happen when you drop anything on something and try to compress something. Contact forces develop temporarily and the velocity of the striking object changes! This basic knowledge is used in this paper.

And then you have to work from there. Do the analysis step by step! In A) a vertical drop, gravity is always at work and produces forces acting on the various parts in contact and you have to include that, in B) a horizontal collision, the propulsion force of the ship may still be active and you have to consider that.

When two bodies C and A of similar steel or any 3-D structure, isotropic or composite, but different size collide, both bodies C and A are evidently deformed due to contact forces at the common, contact, interface/damages area. Sometimes the bodies only bounce, sometimes they damage locally one another. Stronger structural elements in composite structures will affect weaker elements in both bodies, i.e. the weaker steel elements fail before the stronger ones. No rubble of steel elements is generally produced, when failures occur, as all elements, even broken ones, are still connected to other elements. Only rubble is damaged loose furniture and similar inside the steel structure and it is of no importance.



6. What is a drop?

If the upper, 53 meters tall, 13-15 storeys upper part of WTC 1 above floor 97 actually dropped on the structure below is a matter of semantics. Drop suggests that it was not being held at all. I prefer that it came into contact after local structural failures and downward displacement and that it was prevented from dropping by the connecting elements between the two parts. Only the velocity at contact is of interest and it was not high in the WTC 1 case. Assuming a 'drop' of 3.7 metres, it does not produce a big velocity; it is around 8 m/s. If the 'drop' is dampened by intermediate connections the velocity is much less.

Assuming in A) above (WTC 1 upper part drops on the lower structure with perfect alignment columns/columns) that the two parts act as springs (disregarding local failures), the upper part would just bounce as described in one of my other articles . No global one-way collapse would ensue! This article is a follow-up of this conclusion.

In B) above (ships colliding or running aground like M/T Exxon Valdez ) the contact velocity may be up to 10 m/s and the masses up to 200 000 tons, so it should be clear that in B) 8 times bigger momentums and 10 times more energies may be involved compared with A).

Fig. A7 - A structure consists of elements and, if you remove one element at bottom, the elements above are affected, one after the other ... from bottom up! It means that the structure fails - collapses - from bottom up. The reverse, from top down, is not possible! More info is available in booklet Best Practices for Reducing the Potential for Progressive Collapse in Buildings . In order for an upper part of WTC 1 above floor 97 to drop on the structure below you must evidently remove all the supports below; in the WTC 1 case 47 core columns and four perimeter wall assemblies (each abt. 60 columns). What happens to the upper part of WTC 1, if you remove only one column below is shown in figure left of a different but similar structure: Evidently the structural elements in the upper part , relying on one column below for support, will sag down, if your remove the support below. Reason is that the assembly of elements of the upper part above is not very strong. Same will happen, if the sole column fails for any reason. When the upper part of WTC 1 dropped on 911, we are however told that all supporting columns suddenly failed (!) and that all structural elements of the upper part above displaced downwards as one intact, rigid, solid unit! And that this unit - the upper part - kept together! It was rigid! Solid! It could not deform! It acted as a hammer hitting a nail and produced one-way crushing of the structure (nail!) below! It has never happened before or after 911. No structure has ever been crushed down by a little, weak top part falling on the remainder structure before or after 911.

7. Prof. Bazant and NIST explain something to support terrorism; One-way crushing!

According Prof Bazant & al. [2] the following happens - one way crushing - when an upper part C, with initial constant (!) height z 0 , of WTC 1, with total height H, above say floor #97, falls on the similar structure, bottom part A, below floor #97 and crushes floors ##97-0, part A, into rubble , part B: The gravity-driven progressive collapse of a tower consists of two phasesthe Crush-Down, followed by Crush-Up (Fig. 2 bottom), each of which is governed by a different differential equation (Bazant and Verdure 2007, pp. 312-313). During the Crush-Down, the falling upper part C of tower (C in Fig. 2 bottom (fig. 1 right) ), having a compacted layer of debris at its bottom (zone B), is crushing the lower part (zone A) with negligible damage to itself. During the Crush-Up, the moving upper part C of tower is being crushed at bottom by the compacted debris B resting on the ground. Fig. 1 - Figure 2 bottom from [2]

Or - first upper part C one-way Crushes-Down bottom part A top into a thin layer of debris B with thickness l s 0 and then the complete bottom part A into a thick layer of compacted debris B with thickness l (H-z 0 ) and then the thick layer of compacted debris B Crushes-Up upper part C bottom into a thin layer of debris B' with thickness r= l r 0 and then the complete upper part C into a thick layer of debris B' with thickness l z 0 and then there is only a tick layer of debris B+B' with thickness l H left of bottom part A and upper part C. l is the compaction ratio! Very nasty Greek letter! Apply it to any structure and l will compact it. First down, then up. And then there is nothing left but rubble !

It is very simple according Bazant [5}:

"When the upper floor crashes into the lower one, with a layer of rubble between them, the initial height h of the story (below) is reduced to l h, with l denoting the compaction ratio (in finite-strain theory, l is called the stretch). After that, the load can increase without bounds."

Nothing happens to the upper floor element or any other structural elements in upper part C! Its height z 0 is constant during the complete Crush-Down Phase!

This is evidently impossible as we know from above that when two parts of identical structures come into contact in an impact, both parts are affected. One small part, e.g. weak upper part C cannot transform a bigger part, e.g. stronger bottom part A, into dust, smoke and rubble ... and remain intact! Bottom part A is stronger than weak upper part C.

Fig. 1 - Figure 2 bottom from [2]

And:

Since the initial Crush-Up phase terminates at very small axial deformation, it must be concluded that the simplifying hypothesis of one-way crushing is perfectly justified and causes only an imperceptible difference in results.

This new phenomenon one-way crushing of a 3-D structure has never taken place before and after 9/11 as it is physically impossible! Note no mention of forces! So how could one-way crushing of a 3-D structure suddenly occur on 9/11? Check again photos above!

Answer is that one-way crushing of any structure from top down is not possible under any circumstances. What is seen on videos and photos of the 911 WTC destructions is all faked! It is simulations type Hollywood, Dreamworks & Disney. And Bazant & Co fake it by assuming that big bottom part A is weaker than small top part C. In reality A is 100 times stronger than C (as A carries C before) and C can never crush A. C will always bounce on and remain on top of A that remains intact!

NIST has slightly different description of the one-way crushing down of part A by upper part C! From NIST report - NIST NCSTAR 1-6D chapter 5.2:

"The aircraft impacted the north wall of WTC 1 at 8:46 a.m. between Floor 93 and Floor 98. The subsequent fires weakened structural subsystems, including the core columns, floors and exterior walls. The core displaced downward At 100 min (at 10:28:18), the north, east, and west walls at Floor 98 carried 7 percent, 35 percent and 30 percent more gravity load loads and the south wall and the core carried about 7 percent and 20 percent less loads, respectively., At 10.28 a.m., 102 min after the aircraft impact, WTC1 began to collapse. The release of potential energy (PE) due to downward movement of the building mass above the buckled columns exceeded the strain energy (SE) that could be absorbed by the structure. Global collapse ensued."

However - repeat - when two bodies C and A of identical or similar steel or any 3-D structure but different size collide, both bodies are evidently deformed due to forces and energy applied at the common contact, interface area. Sometimes they only bounce, sometimes they damage locally one another. Stronger structural elements will affect weaker structural elements in both bodies, i.e. the weaker steel elements fail before the stronger ones. The upper part can only apply forces/energy limited to its own strength and then it will break up. No one-way crushing can take place! No rubble of steel elements is generally produced, when failures occur, as all elements, even broken ones, are still connected to other elements. Only rubble is damaged furniture and similar inside the steel structure and it is of no importance. A smaller upper part C of a structure cannot crush down a bigger part A of the same structure assisted only by gravity. No global collapse can ensue for that reason!



8. Just watch the videos (they are all fakes) of the destruction and the rubble on the ground

The global collapse (sic!) or one-way crushing that ensued at WTC 1 can be seen here ! Or just the start of it, the collision of the upper part C with the lower structure here as also shown below on two snap shots - fig. 2. All videos/pictures are fake animations! You can slide the video fwd/aft and see how the upper part C is first turned into dust and smoke, while everything below remains intact as shown below - there is no impact or collision:

Fig. 2 - Upper part C is destroyed! Note - the pictures are fakes!

The upper part C of WTC 1 is above the yellow lines applied on the photos (from Internet - reliability not guaranteed) of the WTC 1 tower at say floor 95 and the lower structure is below. Snap shot left above (fig. 2) is just before destruction of upper part C starts and snap shot right a few seconds later. It should be clear to anybody that the upper part C above the yellow lines simply disappears in the smoke and dust, while nothing has happened to the lower structure of WTC 1.

The aircraft impact point in the North Tower was between the 95th ( yellow lines ) and 96th floors with the aircraft nosed down at 10 degrees, but the North Tower collapse initiates 30 feet above at the 98th floor, where there was very little aircraft impact damage.

The first floors to collapse afterward are the 99th through the 102nd, which in addition to having no aircraft impact damage had little fire if any. In other words intact structure above the aircraft impact zone and main fire affected areas is actually collapsing first.

These observations alone should make it clear that the building was demolished and that the aircraft impacts were a cover for the demolitions to allow the collapses to be blamed on outsiders.

Evidently gravity alone cannot destroy, shorten, the upper part C before it, the upper part C is supposed to impact and collide with and crush down WTC 1 below!

Why is there so much smoke, debris and vertical deformation of the upper part C only?

It, the upper part C , is simply destroyed by some energetic material devices and there is no collision with the lower part. Same devices are apparently used to destroy the lower structure of WTC 1 a few seconds later. In the official accounts of the destruction of WTC 1 the upper part C is supposed to remain intact - its height z 0 is assumed constant - and produce one-way crushing until the end of destruction and be crushed against the ground.

9. Rigid blocks, boxes or sponges

NIST speaks of the core of WTC 1 as consisting of three sections - NIST NCSTAR 1, p. 79:

"At this point, the core of WTC 1 could be imagined (!) to be in three sections. There was a bottom section below the impact floors (i.e. below floor 93) that could be thought of as a strong, rigid box, structurally undamaged and at almost normal temperatures. There was a top section (the upper part C above floor 97) above the impact and fire floors that was also a heavy, rigid box. In the middle was the third section, partially damaged by the aircraft and weakened by heat from the fires."

The section of the building above the damage zone, the upper part C , NIST calls a "rigid box."

This rigid box first manifests its independent movement, when it tilts to the south - NIST NCSTAR 1, p. 201: "The section of the building above the impact zone (near the 96th floor) , acting as a rigid block, tilted ". Do you see that on photos above?

NIST also refers to this rigid block or box with terms such as "upper section", "building section above the impact zone", "building mass", "upper building section" and "structural block." - NIST NCSTAR 1, pp. 83, 195, 196, 201.

However, you have to treat the upper part C structure/stiffness in 3-D and then it becomes very springy - like a sponge; light structure of elastic material full of holes. It is quite difficult to destroy a sponge dropping another sponge on it. The other sponge bounces.

NIST acknowledges that this rigid block or box, upper part C , then falls. NIST says that "the building section began to fall downward", "the building section began to fall vertically". Do you see that on photos above?

It is suggested that this falling rigid block goes through all or part of the damaged area or initiation zone "essentially in free fall" : "Since the stories below the level of collapse initiation provided little resistance (!) to the tremendous (!) energy released by the falling building mass, the building section above came down essentially in free fall, as seen in videos" - NIST NCSTAR 1-6, pp. 416, 238; NIST NCSTAR 1, p. 196. Do you see that on photos above?

And seen in videos? Where? None of above is seen anywhere!

After falling through all or part of the damaged area of WTC 1, the rigid block or falling building mass - the upper part C - encounters "intact structure". And, no surprise: "The potential energy released by the downward movement of the large building mass far exceeded (!) the capacity of the intact structure below to absorb that through energy of deformation." - NIST NCSTAR 1, p. 196. This is very strange! The intact structure was previously described as a rigid box! And there is no evidence for the suggestion!

Energy of deformation is the same as strain energy!

10. What is strain energy and can you calculate it?

Strain energy (SE) is simply speaking a measure of the strength of the elements of the structure that holds it together and can resist deformation and damage. Apply outside energy (force times displacement) on the structure that exceeds the strain energy that can be absorbed and the structure deforms or an element fails locally. If it fails, it fails in the highest stressed area only and the structure changes! Evidently the strain energy of the structure at every floor above, the upper part C , and in the structure below the initiation zone was about the same. However, in all official explanations of the collapses it is assumed that the upper part C is rigid with height z 0 is constant and infinite strain energy from start and therefore will not deform and will absorb no amounts of extra strain energy at all! All free energy (or forces!) at impact is therefore assumed being directed down (?) into the lower non-rigid structure by NIST and its supporting experts. No forces are directed upwards!

The upper part C is however not rigid and can only absorb very limited strain energy during a crush down prior it self-destructs to forces acting on it and the destruction is arrested. To assume the opposite in various papers described below and indirectly by NIST is simply to mislead the public. The upper part C has a very limited capability to absorb strain energy - it will get destroyed - and that is the main reason why it cannot crush down the structure below and produce rubble . On the contrary - the upper part C structure should be subject to serious structural failures at impact and absorb the energy released and arrest further destruction. Not so difficult to grasp. That's why steel buildings of any type are not crushed down one-way by gravity acting on a loose top part due to local failures of some elements.

Every time you break an element of a structure, strain energy is consumed. The amount of strain energy built into a structure thus depends on how many times you break the elements. The amount of potential energy, PE, due to downward movement of the WTC 1 upper part C mass was definitely too small to destroy the lower structure in 100.000's of pieces and dust. There is 1 000 times more strain energy, SE, built into the structure below than any gravity PE applied from above! Calculations are given below and here .

Prof Bazant (further described below ) and NIST suggest that the energy initiating or released at the WTC 1 destruction was enormous but in a serious ship collision it can be up to 10 times bigger and still the local failures are limited!! NIST should learn from ship collisions!

Bazant, like NIST, also assumes that the WTC 1 upper part C was rigid (!). Its height z 0 is constant! A rigid object is indestructible and will destroy anything non-rigid. But ships and WTC 1 upper part C structures are not rigid and break up at impact or collisions (unless they just bounce) due to local forces developing.

The structural damage analysis are quite similar for A) and B). Very few mechanical, civil or building engineers have studied the subject (99.9% concentrate on design of new, intact structures) but there is nothing new about structural damage analysis [4]. No need to write scientific papers about it, as it was a new event that had never happened before and needed explanation. Structural damages (ship collisions) occur every day. Steel structure tower collapses are much more rarer.

The Bazant papers described below are therefore very suspect. Enjoy this article. Comments are always welcome. And thanks for comments already given.

Fig. 3 - North and West (right) walls of WTC 1 just prior destruction. According basic structural analysis no failed parts of the upper part C can damage the solid columns below the initiation zone . This is the beauty of steel structure design. If a part fails and loads are displaced by gravity, only secondary, weaker parts may fail (mostly floors) as a consequence. The intact primary structure below cannot fail! 11. The official explanation(s) - One-way crushing (used by terrorists) The official NIST explanation(s) of the WTC 1 (fig. 3 left) global collapse (sic - should be crushing) is that the alleged release of potential energy (PE), of the mass of an upper part C above all supporting columns after sudden, local deformation and buckling, due to downward, alleged near free fall movement in an initiation zone (indicated by red ) and impact of a structure below, exceeds the strain energy (SE) that can be absorbed by the same columns below and above and that all this was due to gravity only. It is suggested that the upper part C is rigid and remains intact during the complete one-way crush down of the WTC 1 structure below, i.e. the global collapse (!) is not a collapse but a 'one way crush down'. The one-way crush down is suggested to take place as follows (fig. 4): WTC 1 is assumed to consist of three parts: Fig. 4 - Schematics of a crush down of WTC1 on 9/11 by rubble ! Part A - the lower structure ( yellow in the picture) (97 stories before crush down); it is a non-rigid structure! Part C - the upper part (13-15 stories): it is assumed rigid during crush down - its height z 0 is constant - and is thus completely different from part A (and that is the key to the NIST falsifications!) Part B - rubble that is formed of part A due to lack of strain energy, when rigid part C crushes the stories one after the other. Part B consists of small pieces of what was upper part A - rubble ! Each storey is 3.6 meters tall with uniform density 0.255 and becomes a 0.9 meter thick layer of rubble with uniform density 1.025, when crushed [2]. At time t = 0 sec part C is alleged to drop on part A - one-way crush down or rubble production starts. At, say, time t = 10 seconds about 60 stories have been crushed and there are still 37 stories remaining of part A. A 54 meters thick layer of rubble - part B - has been formed of what was 60 stories! The upper part C remains intact on top. At time t = 12 seconds part A is completely crushed and only a 87.3 meters thick - very tall! - layer of rubble on the ground - part B - remains of part A. The upper part C still remains on top. At time t = 15 seconds nothing remains! Part C has suddenly become non-rigid and has been destroyed in a one-way crush up and the rubble - part B - is spread out on the ground. Fig. 5 - Schematics of local failures up top of WTC1 Evidently this crush down model and theory is complete nonsense, but it is the official explanation(s) of the WTC 1 destruction on 9/11! A small, fairly weak upper part C, 95% air, cannot possibly crush a big part A of similar structure only due to gravity and compress it into a 87.3 meters tall tower of rubble on the ground after 10 seconds! If weak upper part C actually dropped, it would get locally damaged at its bottom and there would be some local damages to part A upper part. The worst case is that weak upper part C is completely destroyed and part A is locally damaged at top. Rubble part B would only be formed on top of part A and part C would be rubble . And rubble cannot crush anything! Fig. 5. Anyone that has just dropped anything on something knows this. Try then to crush this something! You need a big force that displaces (energy) for that, which gravity alone cannot provide. Only when NIST assumes that upper part C is rigid during one-way crush down and does not become rubble itself and suddenly becomes non-rigid during crush up, NIST can manage to get their fantasies together. 12. What you would expect to happen The following would happen, if the upper part C actually drops; two of its thin but strong walls slide and drop outside and do not damage anything . The other two thin but strong walls slide and fall inside the structure - part A - below and punch holes in or slices the thin, weak floors there locally. No rubble is really formed.

The thin, weak floors of the

upper part

C are in turn locally punched or sliced by the part A strong walls/columns below and will soon be jammed inside the part A walls/columns below. No walls or columns are dropping on other walls or columns producing an impact! Do not believe that the

upper part

C is solid, rigid, strong or anything like that! It is quite weak. Local failures - weak floors punched and sliced - will be produced at contacts. No crush down will ever start!

Local gravity failures above cannot destroy the steel columns of the intact structure below! All the energy released by dropping upper part C and applying forces is absorbed by the deformations, failures and fractures of thin floors in the initiation zone and locally in the upper part C and top of lower structure part A and by friction between locally failed floor parts rubbing against each other after initiation and by any loose parts dropping down outside. The crush down or local failures should be arrested inside the initiation zone!



13. Controlled top-down demolition - big sheets of intact perimeter wall columns assemblies would be pushed out and drop to ground!

One way of demolishing a structure is to horizontally cut off vital connections of primary structure holding the structure together at the bottom, i.e. to reduce its strain energy in its strongest elements. The structure above will then drop straight down due to gravity and be damaged. It is called Controlled Demolition! You can try the same thing starting from the top, cutting structure horizontally up top!, but then you will create a fountain of rubble , when blowing broken structure sideways. See figure 22 . Gravity only failures without further assistance do not produce rubble . Controlled demolition on the contrary produces plenty of rubble in the process of destruction.

To demolish WTC 1 with controlled demolition is very simple. As 37.4% of the total mass of the tower is carried by only 24 outer, albeit very strong, core columns of various thickness, it would appear that by cutting them at say 10 floors intervals, load transfers to the perimeter walls would break the walls and the tower would come down. Big sheets of intact perimeter wall columns assemblies, 10 floors high, would then be pushed out and drop to ground! You can see it on all videos of the destructions.

Access to these outer core columns appears very easy. How to quickly cut a 25 mm plate at very low cost is explained here . Similar devices can cut and burn steel columns.

14. The major NIST Problem - Lack of evidence!

The major problems with the NIST cause - a one-way crush down from top to bottom - are that fires normally only cause visible, local structural failures, deformations, fractures and displacements of steel structure elements that are soon arrested, when any energy released is absorbed by intact structure above and below the contact points and local failures - no global collapse or rubble . There is

(1) no evidence that the core structure displaced downward, as it could not be seen,

(2) no evidence of any simultaneously buckled visible, outside wall columns in the fire zone - no such damaged, buckled, columns have been retrieved from the rubble ;

(3) no sign (evidence) of drop of the building mass above the buckled columns - the upper part C - at near free fall acceleration a certain height and time as a rigid, solid mass and associated release of potential energy, PE, and

(4) no indication (evidence) of an impact (the PE is now kinetic energy, KE) between the rigid, upper part C and the non-rigid structure below at which perfect alignment is necessary, which would be seen as a bump/deceleration on any video.

These four conditions are according NIST required for the upper part C to commence destroying, crushing down, the structure below, but there is no evidence for them. Evidence to the contrary will be produced below.

The upper part C is not really one part. It is a steel structure and an assembly of elements; columns and floors.

There is further

(5) no calculations by NIST of the potential energy, PE, released and the strain energy, SE, or lack of it, of the structure below (and above!) that could be absorbed proving it was less than the PE or KE transmitted to it by the upper part C permitting a gravity only driven global collapse/one-way crush down to progress or ensue,

(6) no mention or calculation of forces, deformations, fractures in and friction between locally and partly damaged floors and other elements that would absorb further energy after initiation,

(7) no explanation how the solid, intact columns below were overloaded by gravity only, what loads were actually applied on the columns after initiation and why the columns would rupture/fracture horizontally in 1 000's of pieces about 10-12 meters long,

(8) no explanation (or evidence) why the upper part C would remain intact at the (4) impact (except that it is rigid , which it is not), and

(9) no explanation why so much rubble (broken, fractured elements), smoke and dust were produced.

Evidently the potential energy released is transmitted to both the upper part C structure and the structure below - always as walls/columns punching/slicing floors - a fact that NIST conveniently forgets or ignores or intentionally censors. Actually 50% of any energy released should be absorbed by the smaller upper part C floors at impact and following deformation and local structural failures.

15. Evidence contradicting the NIST cause

All videos of the WTC 1 destruction show that the upper part C telescopes into or shortens itself or implodes for about 3-4 seconds (like the bottom structure below floor 16 of WTC 7 10 hours later), while the steel columns of the structure below are still intact prior any invisible impact! Gordon Ross has described this clearly 2007. The deformation of the upper part C cannot be produced by gravity forces alone. The upper part C is not very strong and you wonder how it can crush down anything - except itself - later? David Chandler explains clearly what happens in his video analysis 2009.

It would appear (fig. 6) that the WTC 1 roof line drops about 35 meters in 3.1 seconds at an average velocity of 11.3 m/s prior any destruction of structure below is initiated (by an alleged impact). The acceleration associated with such a drop of the upper part C is of the order 7.3 m/s² or 0.75 g, and this displacement of the roof line is not associated with any destruction of structure or floors below floor 93! The only conclusion is that the upper part C , undamaged by any real fire, is compressed/implodes vertically >50% during the 3.1 seconds ... and there is no impact! This vertical compression is however not associated with any horizontal expansion of the structure of the upper part C , so how can it take place? At least 8-10 floors of the upper part C including the initiation zone seem to disappear prior any destruction of the structure below. One explanation is that the columns between a fair number of floors inside the upper part C are locally destroyed or cut and displaced prior initiation of lower structure destruction. The ejection of smoke from the upper part C prior any destruction of structure/floors below suggests that some form local destruction is taking place in the upper part C . Fig. 6 - from [2] by Bazant

It has been suggested that the local destruction of the

upper part C

starts on the 105th (!) floor as seen on faked

videos

(reliability thus not guaranteed) of the South wall of the North Tower/WTC1 - sudden fire, where there was no fire before, and some wall columns buckling.

Fig. 7 A - WTC 1 North wall just before upper part C roof line starts to drop. Note intact steel columns below the upper part C bottom floor #97. No collapse or crush down of structure below has yet started there due to lack of strain energy ... and it will not take place! As soon as upper part C drops, rubble should be produced below it! Fig. 7 B - WTC 1 when upper part C roof line has dropped abt 15 meters after about 2 seconds of roof line dropping. Total 5-6 floors (floors #97-92/91) of Lower part A should have been crushed and replaced by a 5 meters thick rubble part B acording [2]. But lower part A has not been crushed down 20 meters and no 5 meters rubble layer part B is visible. Lower Part A still extends to the red line . Fig. 7 C - WTC 1 when upper part C roof line has dropped abt 35 meters after about 3.1 seconds of roof line dropping. Total almost 13 floors (floors #97-84) or 46.7 meters of Lower part A should have been crushed and replaced by an 11.7 meters thick rubble part B acording [2]. Lower Part A still however extends to the red line . No collapse/crush down of lower part A below has started and there is no rubble part B!

Soon after the

upper part C

disappers completely in a cloud of smoke and

rubble

! What a ridiculous animation. A big, 7 floors tall

piece of the West wall

with 25 wall columns and seven spandrels between floors, say #99-106, i.e. 25 x 25 meters, weight more than 100 tons, is seen to be ejected outwards at high speed in the fountain of

rubble

. It leads the

rubble

, i.e. is the first part of the

upper part C

to be detached. Evidently such destruction cannot take place by gravity and an intact (!)

upper part C

crushing down. It is animation type Hollywood!

Fig. 1 - Figure 2 bottom from [2]

According Bazant [2] upper part C shall be 100% intact during these 3.1 seconds (and later of course) and produce an 11.7 meters rubble layer and destruction shall only take place below it and the rubble part. No destruction can take place above the rubble part, where upper part C shall remain intact!

What we are really seeing on above three pictures (fig. 7 A, B and C) is local destruction of both parts A and C and not a one-way crush down of part A by an intact part C producing rubble . In above picture right (fig. 7 C) it is obvious that the upper part C is being destroyed just after initiation of destruction and that there is no rubble below. No smoke and debris shall be expelled from an undamaged upper part C structure.

There are 1 000's of photos of the crush down that follows but unfortunately some are missing, e.g. those during the 0.8 - 0.9 seconds, when the alleged indestructible upper part C supposedly near free falls 3.7 meters - all columns fail there and disappear at one storey - and then collides/impacts with the structure below transmitting the total upper block KE.

Actually no such photos exist as no free fall or impact took place! And no intact upper part C is seen during the crush down destruction of the structure below that follows. The upper part C was simply destroyed prior to any impact.

The upper part C of WTC 1 is a problem for NIST. Its weight was not massive, only about 33 000 tons and the uniform density was <0.18! It consisted of 95% air. The load bearing columns - the primary structure carrying this weight - occupied only 0.13% of the total foot print or floor area in the initiation zone - the rest was air, floors and furniture, which is an indication how strong the lower steel structure columns were! The compressive static forces and associated stresses in the steel columns were low; <32% of the yield stress, i.e. a Factor of Safety , FoS, of elements against yield more than 3. And the built in strain energy, strength, to keep the upper part C together was exactly the same as for the structure below.

16. What is a one-way crush down? Ever heard about one?

The American professor Z P Bazant, already mentioned above, published (13 September 2001) soon (2 days only!) after the WTC destructions an early explanation of his ostensible and passionate theory [1] that was adopted by the authorities, FEMA and NIST, as true. Bazant suggested that there were five stages until the doom/one-way total crush down of a structure as illustrated in Fig. 8.

Stage 1: The fire causes the steel of the columns to be exposed to sustained temperatures apparently exceeding 800° C in an initiation zone (500° C according NIST - and in only a few columns at a time). Stage 2: At such temperatures, structural steel suffers a decrease of yield strength and loses its load carrying capacity! (Actually the load carrying capacity is reduced abt 20% at 500°C and with a Factor of Safety >3 no serious decrease of load carrying capacity should happen). Stage 3 (One-way crush down starts): Once more than half of the columns in the critical floor (floors 94-95 of WTC1) that is heated most suffer buckling so the upper part starts falling down onto the structure below the critical floor (floor 93) . At that moment, the upper part has acquired an enormous kinetic energy, KE, (only 1.2 GJ corresponding to 41 kgs of jet fuel - if it actually happened) and a significant downward velocity (less than 9 m/s)! Fig. 8 - Figure 1 from [1]

Stage 4 (First one-way crush):

The vertical impact of the mass of the upper part onto the structure below applies enormous vertical dynamic load on the underlying structure below, far exceeding its load capacity, even though it is not heated.

(Actually 50% of the energy (the dynamic load) is transmitted to the upper part , if an impact and visible deceleration of the upper part would have taken place, and the upper part would have been destroyed very quickly; compare the rubber ball bouncing on a floor described above).

Stage 5 (Compression and more one-way crushing):

This causes failure of an underlying multi-floor segment of the tower, in which the failure of the connections of the floor-carrying trusses to the columns is either accompanied or quickly followed by buckling of the core columns and overall buckling of the wall columns!

(Not proven, of course. The upper part should simply bounce on the lower structure, while there are some local failures. Just buckling one column requires; first to deform it elastically vertically and sideways, then to produce three plastic hinges in the column, then to produce fractures in the hinges that must cut through the column; as soon as one fracture cuts off the column, there is no longer any contact and the top part slides off the lower part, etc).

Stage 6 (One-way crush down):

The part of building lying beneath, i.e. the structure below, is then impacted again by an even larger mass falling with a greater velocity and the series of impacts and failures then proceeds all the way down.

(This is impossible! Each column has now been cut off by one fracture at one plastic hinge and the upper part of a column can no longer impact a lower column. It will therefore contact something else - a floor! - and cause local failure there or just slide against other structure. Friction between loose parts absorbing energy should now start) .

This Stage 6 is the famous 'one-way crush down' of a 3-D steel structure that nobody in serious structural engineering circles had ever heard of before 911, when it was invented by Bazant. Or after! Compare with the global collapse (sic!) that ensued that can be seen here !

In [5] Bazant (2007) points out errors in his previous paper and develops some new ideas about Stage 6:

"The kinetic energy of the top part of the tower impacting (sic - highlight by AB) the floor below was found to be about 8.4X larger than the plastic energy absorption capability of the underlying storey, and considerably higher than that if fracturing were taken into account. This fact, along with the fact that during the progressive collapse of underlying stories the loss of gravitational potential per story is much greater than the energy dissipated per story, was sufficient for Bazant and Zhou to conclude, purely on energy grounds, that the tower was doomed once the top part of the tower dropped through the height of one story or even 0.5 m. It was also observed that this conclusion made any calculations of the dynamics of progressive collapse after the first single-story drop of upper part superfluous."

and

"When the upper floor crashes into the lower one, with a layer of rubble between them, the initial height h of the story is reduced to l h, with l denoting the compaction ratio (in finite-strain theory, l is called the stretch). After that, the load can increase without bounds."

Does really the kinetic energy of the upper part C after a drop of only 0.5 m exceed the plastic energy absorption capability of the underlying storey and by a factor of 8.4, if the drop is 3.6 m, and is it relevant? Well, the upper part C is 53 meters tall and an underlying storey is only 3.6 meters tall and if you assume that the upper part C is like a solid hammer head and the underlying storey is a nail, then the hammer head will deform the nail. But no rubble will be produced. The hammer head, the upper part C will then slip off. Bazant assumes it hits again. To produce rubble you must hammer several times, repeatedly.

If, one the other hand you assume that the nail consists of 97 storeys, i.e. consider the whole structure below, then the underlying structure can elastically absorb 97 times more energy than just one storey and then the upper part will just bounce on the lower structure. The kinetic energy of the upper part C is just 0.086 of the plastic absorption capability of the total structure. And let's face it - the upper part C is not a solid like a hammer head! It is as flexible as the lower structure and will absorb 50% of the energy applied at alleged impact.

The kinetic energy of the upper part C was too small to do any real harm or initiate a crush down. The only result will be lots of local failures up top.

The upper part C of the tower cannot really impact the floor below, because, before that would happen, the intermediate columns ends damage locally both the floor above in the upper part C and the floor below (the underlying storey) and the interface changes. No rubble is really created except crushed furniture and lightweight walls (gypsum boards) as the space between the top part and the underlying floor is 95% air - the columns occupying 0.13% of the volume.



17. Upper part C is destroyed by forces acting on it

It is furthermore not the total kinetic energy of the upper part C that is applied to the underlying storey - only the forces applied by upper part C columns are locally damaging, fracturing the underlying floor. At the same time the columns below apply forces on and start to destroy the upper part C bottom floor in the same manner. To fracture, punch through or slice a floor requires energy. Locally damaged floors would then get entangled into one another, huge friction forces would develop and arrest further destruction. No impact! To suggest that the load can increase without bounds due to a layer of rubble is nonsense. Bazant ignores local damages to the floors, all fractures that develop and the huge friction between these locally failed floors as the main factors arresting structural destruction. The loads and forces are actually reduced, mostly by friction! And collapse arrest should soon follow!

18. Obvious contradictions

Regardless - Bazant 100% contradicts what NIST says about the system that supports the upper part C (repeat from above):

"The subsequent fires weakened structural subsystems, including the core columns, floors and exterior walls. The core displaced downward At 100 min (at 10:28:18), the north, east, and west walls at Floor 98 carried 7 percent, 35 percent and 30 percent more gravity load loads and the south wall and the core carried about 7 percent and 20 percent less loads, respectively., ." (NIST report - NIST NCSTAR 1-6D chapter 5.2) .

Imagine an upper part C supported by a core and four walls and that the core below it (not seen of course) displaces downwards! Then the core cannot support anything above, unless the upper part C starts to deform, but why should it? It is undamaged. So, if the core displaced downwards as suggested by NIST, the core would then carry 100% (!) less load, i.e. nothing at all; actually the core must have been disconnected from the upper part C and the load on the core should be transmitted to the walls.

Furthermore, Bazant assumes in [1] that the lower structure can be regarded as a spring (while the upper part C is rigid and not a spring at all!) and wonders what its spring constant C can be:

"According to this hypothesis, one may estimate that C =71 GN/m (due to unavailability of precise data, an approximate design of column cross sections had to be carried out for this purpose)".

This results in an extremely stiff spring that does not really compress at all as a spring (more like a solid rod) and is easily locally overloaded, i.e. breaks in one point (at the top) but does not globally collapse. But if a big force, or 4F in figure below, would suddenly be applied to the top of a lower tower structure with flexible vertical columns supported by horizontal floors pin joint to the columns by an upper part from above (let's forget that the core has already displaced downwards), you would expect the whole lower tower structure to deform as shown below in fig. 9, i.e. bulge in/out between floors, before any failures occur! Simple Finite Element Analysis, FEA, or rather beam analysis shows this. The forces are evidently balanced by reaction forces at ground supports and the energy E applied to the structure, now stored as elastic compression d, is simply E = 4 F d.

Fig. 9 - Elastic, vertical deformation of of steel beam tower

19. The WTC # 1 and 2 towers were flexible

The WTC towers were in fact very flexible. Apply a very strong wind load sideways and the roof may deflect transversely 2-3 meters relative the ground. Assuming that a plane suddenly impacted horizontally at floors 95-96, the whole WTC 1 tower must have been displaced sideways (south) at least 1 meter or more there and then have been swinging back to vertical and 1 meter or more in the opposite (north) direction in say 10 seconds and more at roof level (not seen on any film of the collision). The mast on top must have been swaying a lot. People in the top floors should have been thrown into walls and furniture or on the floor due such a big, sudden impact from the side. Wind loads are less sudden but must have been felt earlier in the history of the building. Wave impacts on ships are described here . WTC 2 was impacted lower down and would only displace sideways (north) 0.5 meter at floor 77, then back to vertical and 0.5 meter backwards (south) but more higher up. Total displacement between extremes is >1 meter, which should be seen on any video, e.g. the Scott Meyers video of the west and east walls (distance between wall columns is 1 meter and maybe you will see them swaying? The author could not!) The tower would be oscillating for one or two minutes after impact and NIST has apparently analysed that. So much for transverse flexibility.

Regarding the lateral impact - e.g. an aluminium wing structure, the ax, chopping through a steel box wall column, the log - the pressure between aluminium and steel parts and energy applied at a very small contact area at high velocity (>200 m/s) must have been extreme causing high temperatures virtually melting the metal instead of fracturing it. The chop must have taken <0.002 seconds! The wing is then destroyed and cannot chop, e.g. internal steel core columns! However, the vertical impact later, upper part C dropping by gravity on part A, should have taken place at much lower velocity allowing the structures to deform.

A realistic value for WTC 1 as a vertical spring - vertical flexibility- being suddenly loaded from above is C = 0.5-1.0 GN/m at top and little more further down, the lower structure is also quite flexible, and then the upper part C should just bounce [6] on the lower structure at hypothetical impact disregarding local failures at contact points. You should in fact be able to see a big compression of the lower part A, if the upper part C actually impacted and then local failures would follow.You wonder why Bazant estimates spring constants 140 times bigger than a realistic one and that the upper part C remains intact and no elastic deformation of the lower part. To prove global collapse? His whole theory seems to be based on this estimate. However, David B. Benson, co-author of [2] with Bazant has 27 January 2009 explained to the this author:

"That result applies, strictly speaking, only to a one-dimensional homogenous crush down. Since the top portion was tilted and the sturcture (!) was not homogeneous, no damage to the top portion is only an approximation to reality."

The WTC1 destruction is evidently not a one-dimensional homogeneous one-way crush down of a homogenous rod and approximations should be avoided.

David B. Benson has also informed he has seen no videos and pictures of WTC 1!! His PC is too slow!

If any column would fail and not produce a bounce before that - Stage 2 in the Bazant theory - you would expect the following to happen to it in 3-D, when a compressive load is applied:

A. ..............................................................;;; B. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; C. D. ...............................;;;;;........................ E. Fig. 10 - Five steps of buckling of a column due to vertical, compressive load

First, A, a plastic hinge develops in the middle of the compressed column due to lack of strain energy there, then, B, two more plastic hinges develop above and below the first hinge, then, C and D, the column 'kneels' and finally, E, a severely deformed part of the column may punch a hole in the floor below it. The column will never fracture in any location and it will never rupture due to fractures at the hinges into several pieces, i.e. it will always be connected, albeit very deformed. To suggest that 'buckling' of a column will result in free fall of the load it carries is not correct! The above deformation takes time and would be seen on any video, if it took place! Thus, Stage 3, of Bazant in not possible! It is an invention!

20. Strange explanations and real verifications

More strange explanations/inventions were given by Bazant (2008) in [2] with Frank Greening and David B. Benson joining.

In [2] WTC 1 is split into three parts during destruction; part A - lower structure to be crushed, part B - a layer of rubble being formed by a part C - the upper part - that remains intact and drives the destruction.

21. Mass and density of upper part C

Near the top, the linear, 1-D, specific mass (of WTC 1) (mass per unit height) µ = 1 020 000 kg/m or 1 020 ton/m according [2]. In [2] the problem is only in 1-D; one dimension! A line with point masses that is being shortened! With a storey height 3.6 m, the mass of a storey - or the line representing the storey - is 3 672 ton. Assuming the upper part C is 53 m high (14.7 storeys), total mass of upper part C is 54 . 060 tons. In article the author suggests 33 000 tons, but the difference is of no importance. Using a floor area of 4 000 m² of the line - to make the model 3-D - the volume of upper part C is 212 000 m3, thus the uniform (which it is not) density of the upper part C is 0.255 ton/m3 or 255 kg/m3 according [2]. It is not very much! Reason is that there is plenty of air inside a storey 3-D structure. This clearly shows how Bazant & Co confuse the issue: they treat the three parts A, B and C in 1-D as lines! 22. Density of rubble - part B The known typical (!) linear, 1-D, density (!) of rubble, µ c = 4 100 000 kg/m or 4 100 ton/m according [2]. The density of this rubble is then exactly 1 025 kg/m3 (as the floor area is 4 000 m²), which is the density of salt water (that ships float in). Imagine a line of salt water! Fig. 4 - Schematics of a crush down of WTC1 on 9/11 by rubble !

Thus, when one storey is homogeneously crushed, it becomes 0.896 m high. As it was originally 3.6 m high it has been compressed 75.1%. What type of line can be shorthened 75.1%?

In real collisions between similar structures no part B - rubble - is ever formed! Only parts A and C are locally damaged at the contact area! Bazant & Co just invent part B to hide this fact!



23. Initiation of collapse - the first crush - formation of rubble part B

Thus at initiation  upper part C  54 060 tons  crushes the uppermost floor - say it is floor no. 96 - of part A, the lower structure of WTC 1, and compresses it into a 0.9 m thick layer of debris that becomes part B. This layer is resting on the second uppermost floor of part A. This compression takes place at increasing velocity. Only air/smoke is ejected sideways out between floors 96/95. The mass of the rubble - 3 670 tons - is uniformly distributed on the floor no. 95 below - 918 kg/m² - and this floor no. 95 floor should be able to carry that load according NIST FAQ.

Note that part C only compresses the storey floors 96/95 into a rubble layer - part B. It does not accelerate the rubble layer/part B. No solid parts are ejected sideways. The compression should be associated with a noticable deceleration of upper part C. Not seen of course.

What about the upper part C and its 54 060 tons? Is it acting on the rubble layer part B? Not really - upper part C is intact and only its bottom thin floor, floor no. 97, is in contact with rubble part B. The columns of upper part C are now not in contact with the columns of part A below due to this layer of rubble , but let's assume that upper part C columns crushes the columns below as suggested in [2], so that destruction can continue!

In a real collision upper part C should be damaged at the contact area! Bazant & Co just invent part B to hide this fact!

The roof line has then dropped 2.704 m! Air/smoke should be ejected from floor no. 97.

24. The second crush - rubble part B doubles in thickness - energy calculations

Then the upper part C + part B (the layer of rubble ) crushes the second uppermost floor of part A. This event can hardly be associated with a second impact by part C as it had just compressed floors 96/95. Regardless, now storey floors 95/94 is compressed into another 0.9 m thick layer of rubble that is added to part B. Part B rubble is thus 1.8 m high/thick after two floors of part A have been crushed.

If a typical storey of part A is 3.6 m tall, it then becomes a 0.9 m thick layer or rubble at crush down. This layer has a mass of 3.67 × 106 kg (or 3 670 tons) and uniform density 1 025 kg/m3.

It is suggested that the first crush down can be initiated by a 0.5 m drop of upper part C, thus the initial potential energy, PE 0 , applied is 0.5 x 54.06 × 106 x 9.82 = 265.44 × 106 J.

Then upper part C drops another 3.6 m and compresses one storey into 0.9 m of rubble , thus more potential energy, PE 1 , is applied; 3.6 x 54.06 × 106 x 9.82 = 1 911.13 × 106 J.

Total energy E applied is PE 0 + PE 1 = 2 176.57 x 106 J or simply 2.18 GJ to crush down the top storey of part A.

Bazant & Co suggest [2] that

the total energy dissipation per unit height, which represents the resisting force F c , consists not only of energy F b dissipated by the inelastic hinges formed during column buckling, but also of energy F s required for comminuting concrete floor slabs, energy F a required for expelling air from the tower, and energy F e required for ejecting particles and fragments.

However, it seems Bazant & Co in their 1-D model miss the friction force required to compress and accelerate the rubble .

Anyway  if total energy E = 2.18 GJ is used to buckle the columns, to comminute one floor, to expel air, eject particles and fragments and to compress the rubble into a 0.9 m layer, then  after this second crush and compression  part C and the rubble would have stopped. 2.18 GJ corresponds to about 606 kWh.

The total volume of rubble is after crushing one storey is 3 700 m3 with a mass of 3 760 tons. The unit amount of energy to compress one ton of rubble is thus only 0.161 kWh/ton. This may be compared with the amount of energy to shred a scrap steel stripped car that is about 36.8 kWh/ton in a very modern recycling factory, or 240 times more. Crushing grapes into wine also requires a lot of energy, the author is being told.

It is realized that shredding a thin steel plate car cannot be compared with compressing a composite steel columns/concrete floor tower, but in the author's the amount of energy to compress one storey into 3 670 tons of rubble seems very low.

The roof line has then dropped 5.4 m! The velocity of the roof line apparently is increasing - but why? It should slow down by so much sudden compression. More air/smoke should be ejected sideways from between floors 96/95, i.e. only from the storey being crushed. Can you see it on any video?

Furthermore, [2] suggests that part C and the rubble do not stop after the first crushes. On the contrary part C continues to accelerate and the rubble is also accelerated, while part A is being crushed again.

Thus we have to deduct the energy required to keep part C accelerating and to accelerate the static rubble to same speed as part C in above calculations to find the energy dissipated only to produce - part B - the rubble of crushing the first or second storey of part A. To accelerate 3760 tons of rubble to 20 m/s requires about 209 kWh, to 30 m/s it is 470 kWh, etc.

If, say, upper part C is not stopped after crushing one storey but continues to accelerate at say 0.65 g and that part B - the rubble - should be brought up from speed 0 to the speed of upper part C, then maybe only 30% of total energy E is available to buckle columns, comminute concrete, expel air, eject particles and fragments and compress the rubble , thus unit amount of energy to compress one ton of rubble becomes only 0.05 kWh/ton or 736 times less than shredding a car. In the author's opinion that is much too little to produce a crush down of any kind of 3-D structure. To crush one ton of grapes into wine requires more than 0.05 kWh. Try! It is a healthy exercise!

A more detailed energy balance is shown here when upper part C has dropped 31.38 meters. The potential energy applied to (lost in) the process is upper part C moving down 31.38 meters and 41.84 meters of part A crushed down 15.69 meters (53 000 000 x 31.38 + 41 840 000 x 15.69) x 9.82 = 22.8 GJ, which means that only 22.8 - 20.4 = 2.4 GJ of energy is used to compress 41 840 000 kg of part A into rubble B or 2 400 000 000/41 840 000 = 57.4 J/kg or 57 kJ/ton or only 0.016 kWh/ton WTC 1 structure.

And so on!

25. The displacement of the roof line of part C during destruction of 13 storeys

According careful observations in [6] we know that the roof line of upper part C dropped 35 m in 3.17 seconds at increasing velocity. We also know that upper part C roof line is accelerating at about 0.64 -0.7g [6]! This means that upper part C, or what remains of it, as it is shortened and disappears, can only apply a force of 0.3 g or 30% of its own weight to crush floors of part A and build up the rubble layer - part B - ignoring the fact that it is upper part C that actually implodes.

Every time a storey is crushed, upper part C drops 2.70 m and an 0.9 m layer of rubble is formed according [2] and upper part C is remaining intact according Bazant & Co.

Thus, when the roof line has dropped 35 m, 12.94 storeys (!!), total height 46.6 m (!) of part A should have been crushed, and should have been replaced by an 11.66 m thick layer of rubble  part B - with the upper part C still on top.

Writers of [6] believe that only 9 (or 9.72) storeys have been crushed but according [2] it should be 12.94 storeys! Writers of [6] forget that there should be an 11.66 m thick layer of rubble below the upper part C, when it has dropped 35 m after 3.17 seconds.

26. Verification of parts A and B using video recordings of the destruction of 13 storeys

Fig. 11 - Upper Part C being destroyed - No rubble Part B being formed (same as fig. 7 above)

Regardless  does anybody see (fig. 11) an 11.56 m thick layer of compressed rubble  part B  on any (fake!) video after a 35 m drop of the upper part of WTC 1, part C according [2]? And that 46.6 m of part A - floors 96-85 - has been destroyed after 3.17 seconds?

It would appear that at least floors 85-93 are still intact!

And does anybody believe that an upper part C with density 255 kgs/m3 can produce an 11.56 m thick layer of rubble during 3.17 seconds and at the same time accelerate at 0.64-0.7g? Only [2] suggests so, but it is just an invention to suit a false 1-D mechanics model/theory of a one-way crush down.

This layer of rubble - part B - should then be moving at a velocity of >20 m/s and increasing as acceleration seems to be rather constant 0.64-0.7g. Only air should be ejected from the next storey below being crushed, where more rubble is formed. But upper part C cannot possibly both compress and accelerate part B at the same time! Ah, what funny model [2] invents! Don't they see that upper part C is destroyed?

Fig. 12 - Debris being ejected >100 meters in all directions. Typical Hollywood style animation! It cannot take place in reality! Fig. 12 left shows the upper part (??) of WTC 1 about 10 seconds after the roof line started to move. Is it there? Is the upper part hidden by the fountain of debris ... if it is there? According [2] there should not be any debris 100 meters outside the tower at all - just a layer of compacted rubble - part B - on top of part A. Crush down! With part C - the upper part riding on part B. There should not be any debris 100 meters outside the bottom part A! Video evidence - and this picture - on the other hand show that all parts A (top) , B (doesn't exist or is the rubble 100 meters outside the tower!) and C are exploding or have been destroyed and structural pieces of them are thrown out in all directions 100 meters. You need 1 000 times more energy for that than gravity displacing the upper part downwards for that! You really wonder if the authors of [2] have studied any (fake!) videos or pictures of the WTC 1 destruction?

27. Situations when part C roof line has dropped 100 m, 200 m and when part B hits ground Now  when upper part C has dropped 100 m and 37 storeys have been crushed, the layer of rubble  part B  should be 33 m thick on top of which a 53 m high upper part C should still be visible (forgetting the mast). An when upper part C has dropped 200 m and 74 storeys have been crushed, the layer of rubble should be an impressive 66 m thick with part C still riding on top of it. Imagine a layer of rubble - density 1.025 ton/m3 - 66 m high. Over 4 000 m² floor area it is almost a big cube of 264 000 tons of rubble !! On top of which upper part C - 54 060 tons float. Part C is 53 m high! Add the rubble - part B - and we have a moving mass of 318 060 tons that is 119 m high when the upper part C roof line has dropped 200 meters. Below this 119 m high pile, a storey of part A - floor 23 - is just being crushed and air - not smoke - is ejected there. How the columns of upper part C - 66 m above floor 23 can crush the columns 66 m below is not clear. 266 m of walls should also be gone. There are another 23 storeys still to crush! About 83 m of WTC1 remains to be crushed. Fig. 4 - Schematics of a crush down of WTC1 on 9/11 by rubble !

Can it be seen on any video? 83 m of part A + 66 m of part B (

rubble

) and 53 m of part C equal 202 m! If the original tower was 402 m then the roof line should have dropped 200 m when 74 floors had been crushed. Add the mast 40 m. Seen on any video? Note also that

upper part

C is still accelerating at 0.7g at this time. The speed is of the order 45 m/s! It doesn't make sense. Reason is that parts B and C have disappeared at this time.

Part B never existed

.

And part A is being destroyed by something else!

When all 98 floors of WTC 1 - part A - have been crushed, there should be an 83 m thick layer of rubble on the ground + upper part C on top - 53 m. This is also confirmed by [2] - see fig. 13 (b) right: just before the end of crush down the 53 m high part C rests on a 92 m thick layer of debris (density 1.025 ton/m3) - the crush down has also penetrated the basement 22 m bel