The law was passed by the Gujarat Assembly after the opposition Congress walked out and abstained from voting on the contentious clauses of the legislation.

Despite being rejected in the past, the Gujarat government has passed the stringent Gujarat Control of Terrorism and Organised Crime (GUJTOC) bill, which among things allows law enforcement agencies to tap telephones, make confessions made before the police admissible in court and detain suspects in cases for longer.

The Bill, which was earlier returned by the President thrice to the state government for reconsideration, was passed by a majority vote amid stiff resistance from Opposition Congress, which walked out of the House over its controversial provisions.

The GUJCOC bill, which is said to be on the lines of the Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act (MCOCA), was rejected in 2004 and 2008 by the then Presidents AJP Abdul Kalam and Pratibha Patil, respectively who had suggested some amendments in provisions related to telephone interception and confessions made before police officer being considered as evidence in court.

The state assembly had reportedly passed the legislation for a third time but it is still pending before the President, according to this Ibnlive report.

Among the features of the bill that have had human rights campaigners up in arms include the fact that authorities can intercept and record telephone calls that can later be presented as evidence and also puts the onus of proving one's innocence on the accused. Like the now repealed Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) and Terrorism and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) the law allows confessions made to law enforcement agencies admissible in court as evidence.

While the bill has been renamed , it still contains the provisions that had led to its rejection by Presidents in the past.

Justifying the provision on tapping of telephones, the 'Statement of Objects and Reasons' in the bill states that it is necessary in the contemporary day where organised criminal syndicates make extensive use of wire and oral communication. It says that the interception of such communication to obtain evidence is inevitable and an indispensable aid for the law enforcement.

The statement provides a detailed justification on the issue by adding that the existing laws are inadequate to curb the menace of organised crimes.

Former President APJ Abdul Kalam had in 2004 objected over the tapping of telephones and returned the bill to the government led by the then chief minister Narendra Modi, asking it to remove the clause.

Later in 2008, the bill was passed after deleting the clause related to interception of communication, as per the suggestion of Kalam. However, President Pratibha Patil rejected it and had suggested some more amendments. One of them was to eliminate the provision which allows confession made before a police officer, be admitted in the court as evidence.

However, ignoring the suggestion, the state government had once again passed the bill in 2009 for the third time and sent it for President's approval.

The state government re-introduced the Gujarat Control of Organised Crime (GUJCOC) Bill in the Assembly after renaming it. The bill, however, has retained the controversial provisions.

The Bill was on Tuesday introduced in the House by Minister of State for Home Rajnikant Patel, after which a long debate took place on it, in which Opposition Congress demanded removal of controversial sections like telephonic interceptions, confessions made before some police officer as evidence and time limit of 180 days for filing of chargesheet.

At the end of the discussion, Congress leader Shankarsinh Vaghela and Shaktisinh Gohil insisted that the controversial provisions should be dropped as per the suggestions of past Presidents when they rejected the Bill.

However, Patel said that the provisions of this Bill are in favour of the nation, the people of this country and it allows us to take action against traitors and refused to drop those sections.

Subsequently, Congress walked out of the House.

Later, the Bill was passed by majority vote in the State Assembly.

Section 14 of the Bill says, "Notwithstanding anything contained in the code or in any other law which is in force, the evidence collected through the interception of wire, electronic or oral communication under the provisions of any other law shall be admissible as evidence against the accused in the court during the trial of the case."

According to Section 16 of the Bill, accused's statement before a police officer, not below the rank of Superintendent of police, will be treated as an evidence.

While, Section 20 (2) (b) says stipulated time to complete probe and file the chargesheet can be exceeded to 180 days (six months) from the current stipulated time of 90 days.

Another controversial provision under the bill is section 20 (4), which reads "no accused person in this act shall be released on bail or on his own bond unless the public prosecutor has been given an opportunity to oppose the application, the special court is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for believing that accused is not guilty of such offence and that he is not likely to commit any offence while on bail."

The cases under the act can be tried only in a special courts set up for this purpose.

Congress leader Shaktisinh Gohil objected to the provisions of the Bill and said that some of them are even unconstitutional.

He told the House that the provision of confession before a police officer is contradictory with Indian Evidence Act as according to Section 164 of CrPC and Indian Evidence Act, a statement before the magistrate can only be considered as an evidence.

On the provision of not releasing an accused on bail, Gohil said the provision is unconstitutional which deprives the right of an accused to get released on bail on his own bond.

However, the government justified the provisions in the Bill by saying that existing legal frame work like the penal and procedural laws and adjudicatory system have been found to be rather inadequate to curb or control the menace of organised crime.

"It is therefore considered necessary to enact a special law with stringent and deterrent provisions," the state government said in the objectives of the Bill.

The old bill is still pending with the President, but the ruling BJP hopes that since the NDA government is in power on at the Centre, the new bill is sure to pass the test there.

with inputs from PTI