There were, as of Friday morning, approximately 540,000 confirmed cases of the novel coronavirus around the world, with more than 24,000 deaths, including some 1,300 in the United States. Public life in most countries has virtually stopped in an attempt to stop the spread of covid-19, the disease caused by the virus. UNESCO said some 1.52 billion students are out of school worldwide.

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At a virtual UNESCO meeting this week, an ad hoc group of education ministers from 11 countries — Costa Rica, Croatia, Egypt, France, Iran, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru and Senegal — discussed efforts to keep education continuing with schools shut, and the challenges ahead.

“We cannot replace the presence of teachers and pedagogical relationships, but we have no choice and must do our best to support principals, teachers, parents and learners while ensuring their safety,” Italian Education Minister Lucia Azzolina said, according to UNESCO. “We are using social media tools to keep alive the relationship between teachers and students, and keep up their motivation.”

UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay said “the responsibility to act is a collective one” and announced the creation of a Global Covid-19 Education Coalition to bring together expertise from around the world to boost efforts in various countries to keep kids learning. One key focus should be on emotional skills, according to Stefania Giannini, UNESCO’s assistant director-general for education.

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“More than ever, learners need to be accompanied as much academically as emotionally,” she said. “This is a wake-up call for education systems to place dedicated efforts on socio-emotional skills — empathy and solidarity.”

In most places, teaching and learning are shifting from the classroom to online, with countries also using public television to offer lessons to students and training to teachers. In Mexico, for example, where only 60 percent of the students have access to the Internet, officials say they have offered a mix of distance education options, with open television for everyone, said Esteban Moctezuma Barragán, Mexico’s UNESCO minister.

A number of other countries have had an easier time reverting to home-based education than the United States because they have centralized government-run media, which can broadcast the same content to the entire country. K-12 students in some countries, such as South Korea, learn from a national curriculum. In the United States, there are thousands of school districts that have different curriculums.

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The U.S. Education Department has historically stayed out of curriculum content and development. The department, under Education Secretary Betsy DeVos, has focused its efforts to help schooling in the pandemic era by loosening some federal mandates, such as annual standardized testing.

Some U.S. states have public television stations, and so do some districts. Miami-Dade County Public Schools, one of the largest districts in the country, has its own and plans to broadcast lessons to students during the pandemic, superintendent Alberto M. Carvalho said in an interview.

Meanwhile, departments of education in numerous countries are providing platforms and some curriculum to schools. In Turkey, for example, the Ministry of National Education launched a free “remote educational system” with a television- and Internet-based curriculum “on a national scale,” UNESCO said. And the Norwegian Education Ministry opened a free national platform for various digital services in education.

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Some governments are also trying to address the emotional needs of students, along with academic ones. For example, Peru developed socio-emotional material to help students handle the isolation of being out of school and learning at home. Italy, which now has the world’s highest death toll from the coronavirus, is spending millions of dollars to improve Internet access in remote areas and support online learning for 8.5 million students, its minister said.

One challenge to quickly expanding online learning was raised at the meeting by Egypt’s minister, Tarek Shawki, who noted that there is suddenly a “digital ocean of materials that are not accredited by the ministry [of education] or any credible institutions.”

Another challenge is ensuring the security of students’ personal data, a great deal of which is collected online.