Taliban representatives have popped up everywhere from luxury hotels in the United Arab Emirates to bullet trains in China to conference halls a stone’s throw from the Kremlin in Moscow, even as violence linked to the group has intensified in Afghanistan. Afghan officials have expressed fear that in a rush to facilitate a peace deal, its international partners are emboldening the Taliban by giving the group more freedom of movement without receiving concessions in return.

Other reasons for the cancellation include internal disagreements over the issue among the Taliban, who were divided over how close they wanted to be seen to the government of Pakistan during peace negotiations, according to insurgent leaders who requested anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the group’s internal deliberations. The Pakistani military has long supported the Taliban and has provided Taliban leaders with sanctuary from American airstrikes and Afghan operations.

In a sign that the meeting with Mr. Khan had become a divisive issue within their ranks, the Taliban made no mention of it in the statement about canceling the trip, instead focusing on the meetings with American diplomats.

Pakistani security agencies were also divided about the benefits of meeting with the Taliban at a time when the country is under pressure from two other neighbors, Iran and India, following recent attacks against their forces by militant groups reportedly operating from Pakistan.

Two Afghan officials who requested anonymity because they were not authorized to speak to the news media said it was likely that Pakistan had called off the meeting because the country did not want to further complicate its international standing after being placed on the gray list of the Financial Action Task Force, an international body combating money laundering and terrorism financing.

The Taliban’s meetings in Pakistan would have fallen around the same time as a high-profile visit to the country by the Saudi crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, raising rumors that he might also be involved in some of the peace meetings. Prince Mohammed arrived in Islamabad on Sunday at the start of a weeklong visit to Asia.