Federal tax filings shed only a glimmer of light on the foundation.

According to public records reviewed by ESPN.com, A-HOPE has received contributions of $207,000 over the past three years while listing an almost equal amount in expenses. Adams refused to provide ESPN.com a list of donors but said a majority of funds have come from himself, his girlfriend of 15 years, his ex-wife, his brother and sponsors of Indiana Elite -- including adidas, which has provided shoes, uniforms and a "small amount of money."

A-HOPE expenditures, Adams says, include covering the cost of players' travel to Bloomington when their private schools break for summer recess, as well as trips to visit relatives and friends. "What that usually means is, I transfer money from my personal account to the A-HOPE account and buy the tickets," Adams writes. "A-HOPE Foundation money comes from my personal account and from relatives."

Adams also acknowledges that "expenses that [the] basketball team incurs" during the summer are included in A-HOPE foundation expenses.

In an email exchange with ESPN.com, Indiana athletics officials declined to discuss what steps they've taken to monitor the Hoosiers basketball program's ties to A-HOPE or Indiana Elite, though officials noted their compliance office has reviewed the relationships. They also declined to answer whether they had requested access to either group's donors list.

Adams is adamant, however, that there are no hidden A-HOPE contributors, writing in an email response: "That is it! No one else! Not one penny from anyone remotely related to Indiana University or any other college."

Although there is no reference in A-HOPE tax filings, Adams says the foundation is in partnership with Sports Revolution Foundation -- a nonprofit based in Juba, Sudan, that is led by former University of Wisconsin basketball player Duany Duany.

Duany is listed as international director of A-HOPE. His brother Kueth is an A-HOPE board member, and another brother, Bil, is an Indiana Elite coach. The brothers grew up in Bloomington and enjoyed successful college basketball careers, though none played for the hometown Hoosiers. Duany Duany later obtained his master's from IU and his parents their doctorates.

The Duany family has deep ties in Southern Sudan politics and is involved in multiple startup businesses. The father is a member of parliament, and Duany Duany describes his mother, undersecretary for the ministry of parliamentary affairs, as the "Nancy Pelosi of south Sudan." The Sports Revolution Foundation, he explains, comes under a myriad of commercial and civic-minded ventures run by the Sudan-based family business, the Duany Group.

One of the spinoffs is Sports Revolution Scouting Service, a fee-based service set up to offer college coaches information on Sudanese basketball talent. The website has been down since January, and Duany says it needs work before it can be up and running again. Duany, whose recruiting trips are paid for by his foundation, says the site charges a fee of $450 but has had few subscribers, explaining: "You want to go look at some of the players we have, or some of the student-athletes we have from all kinds of backgrounds. Yeah, you can't get in there for free."

Adams writes that he has no role with Sports Revolution or its website, though a link to it exists on the A-HOPE website, and Adams' name and address are listed as the registrant of the Sports Revolution domain name, according to Internet domain registries.

Duany Duany describes himself as A-HOPE's main recruiter of Sudanese talent in recent years. The foundation has staged sports clinics throughout the country's southern region and has tried to identify and assist athletes in getting college scholarships.

"The partnership is A-HOPE over here because it is based here," Duany says. "We took it [to Africa]. We expanded and everything. There wouldn't be really A-HOPE Foundation without Sports Revolution."

No public records could be found for Sports Revolution, and websites for the various Duany ventures are no longer active, having gone dark sometime after January.

The lack of transparency with foundations in general spins the heads of NCAA investigators, headquartered in Indianapolis. An NCAA official told ESPN.com that the almost secretive foundations are "one of our biggest problems."

Case in point: Hanner Mosquera-Perea, the Indiana commit who is the focus of an NCAA investigation of the Baylor basketball program. He not only is tied to A-HOPE Foundation and thus Sports Revolution but also was discovered in Colombia as a 12-year-old by coaches who have a basketball-related foundation in Bogotá. While A-HOPE is perceived as IU friendly, the Colombian coaches are seen as favoring Baylor.

When it comes to providing details such as the A-HOPE donor list, Adams is highly protective of his foundation. He writes of taking players on unofficial visits to college campuses and serving as legal guardian for two players, saying it's not important to identify who they are.

His ex-wife, Julie Adams, adopted Muhammed Conteh, who was 14 when he arrived from Gambia. In Conteh's profile in the Western Michigan basketball media guide this past season, she is listed as his mother.

"At first when I came here, I felt like I didn't belong here," Conteh says. "I just adjust and adapt slow. I'm not saying I fit in, but I at least know what is going on and everyone around me loves me. They treat me like family.

"[Julie Adams] basically treats me like one of her kids."

Julie Adams provides a phone card so he can call home to Africa every weekend, says Conteh, a 6-7 junior. She made arrangements several years ago so his birth mother could attend his graduation from a private school in Jacksonville, Fla. And when he was still attending high school in Florida and needed to return for Indiana Elite practices, she made travel arrangements.

"It was through A-HOPE Foundation," he says when asked who paid his travel costs. "She would call a cab, and they would come and pick me up at my school, drop me off at the airport. And then when I am returning to school, the cab would be waiting for me at the airport and drop me back at school.

"Like anytime I got a little weekend break, they would fly me out of my school and then go play AAU and fly me back."

IU picks up recruits, but all involved deny preferential treatment

It's clear the immediate future of Indiana basketball rests on the fortunes of Indiana Elite/A-HOPE players. Back in the days of Bob Knight, Nike-backed Bloomington Red enjoyed a similar reputation as a feeder program for Hoosiers basketball. Almost three decades later, the favored team now is Indiana Elite -- supported largely by adidas money, apparel and shoes.

The key backers of Indiana Elite are pro-Hoosiers, but none carries more weight, particularly with foreign athletes, than Mark Adams.

Adams denies any improprieties in his job as A-HOPE founder, as coach of Indiana Elite and in his relationships with college coaches. Aaron Suozzi for ESPN.com

Adams has been known to take on a fatherlike persona with players who leave their parents overseas. Some stay with him in Bloomington for their summer AAU season. He acknowledges helping players during the recruiting process but denies claims by some former A-HOPE players that he pushes a few favored programs.

"I would never tell any player where they should go to college, and anybody that thinks that is the case is very misinformed," Adams writes.

Criss Beyers, an Indiana Elite founder, says the team doesn't advise players on where to attend college, though he acknowledges that Adams' relationship is unique.

"I can say that Mark has a vested interest in these kids that have gone through the A-HOPE Foundation," says Beyers, the longtime assistant athletic director and coach at Bloomington South High who has known Mark Adams since he was 9. "I don't mean monetarily. I mean a sincere interest in seeing that they are successful. For him to direct a player to a certain school, or to look at certain schools and consider certain schools, is different than what my role would be because these kids stay with Mark.

"These kids rely on Mark for his experiences, for his assessment of different situations or different schools. They want his input. He is the closest thing a lot of them have to family over here. So they want his input and need his input."

Barnett, another Indiana Elite founder, acknowledges that the Indiana University basketball program has enjoyed a couple of built-in advantages: Adams' son, Drew, has a relationship with players because of his prior Indiana Elite coaching experience, and players spend summers with Adams.

"Because Mark lives in Bloomington, they go to open gym over there [on the Indiana campus]," Barnett says. "They get to know the kids. Is it an advantage? Absolutely, it is an advantage. That is where Mark lives. So they have more access to the program within the rules. If Mark lived in Louisville, they're not going to open gym in IU. They're not getting to know the players and all that stuff, and feeling like, 'Wow, this is a place I want to be.' That is the advantage. But I've never seen Mark try to tell a kid, 'You shouldn't go there, you shouldn't go here, you should go here.' Not even remotely close."

Two former players, though, maintain that Adams wields his influence. And in Colombia, the guardian and the former coach of Perea, rated a Top 25 player in the Class of 2012, suspect Adams of playing a role in the teenager's commitment to Indiana this past fall.

Another player, Fabrice Tafo, says Adams wanted him to commit to Eastern Illinois before his senior year of high school in 2004 and join Adams' son, Drew, who was a year ahead of him there. Tafo says that Adams was disappointed when he failed to sign -- a claim Mark Adams labels "total fabrication."

Fabrice Tafo says his relationship with A-HOPE all but ended after he declined to go to a college Adams had pushed. WTAMU Athletic Department

Tafo describes Mark Adams as a primary contact for colleges recruiting A-HOPE's players, as well as a person the players trust and listen to.

"If Mark Adams brings you here and the college coaches like you, [the coaches] have to go through Mark Adams first before you get to the [player]," Tafo says. "He is the one who is taking care of you. He is the one who brought you here. He is paying for it. He is doing everything for you. So you have to listen to him. The way they put it is he is trying to do the best for you. At the same time, I don't really know if [it] is the best for you."

David Nyarsuk, a 7-1 center out of Sudan, says Adams shows preference with his top players not only to Indiana but also to New Mexico and, in the past, Tennessee -- programs or coaches that have had ties to his son. Drew Adams was a walk-on at Iowa under Alford, the former Indiana Mr. Basketball and current New Mexico coach, and Adams began his nonplaying career as a student manager at Tennessee.

Nyarsuk says Mark Adams sent him to a camp at New Mexico with another 7-foot Sudanese center, Chier Ajou, who has since committed to the Lobos.

"He has allegiance with those people," Nyarsuk says. "Tennessee and Indiana, he has a big allegiance. Those are schools his son was with. Before, when Drew was coaching there at Tennessee, he has allegiance with Tennessee. After [Drew left], he don't want nobody to go to Tennessee. Tennessee is not recruiting any of his players. Tennessee used to recruit every one of us."

Drew Adams was breaking in as a student manager in Knoxville when Emmanuel Negedu arrived on campus in 2008. Negedu signed with Tennessee after backing out of a commitment to Arizona when Lute Olson took a leave of absence and eventually retired. Earlier, Adams was a coach for two Indiana Elite teams on which Negedu played. Negedu also had spent three summers living with Adams' father in Bloomington.

Emmanuel Negedu, right, cheers a play against Marquette during a University of Tennessee game in 2008. Negedu recently gave up basketball because of a heart condition. AP Photo/Mark Humphrey

By the start of the 2009-10 season, Drew Adams had taken the entry-level paying gig at Indiana. Negedu, who had suffered a heart ailment, attempted to transfer to Indiana last May after not being cleared to play at Tennessee. But two weeks after IU administrators refused to allow Negedu to play there despite clearance from medical staff, the 6-7 Nigerian forward ended up at New Mexico, where it was announced last month he was quitting the game because of recurring heart issues but would remain on scholarship.

Negedu joined former Indiana Elite star guard Dairese Gary at New Mexico, and Ajou, the Sudanese center, committed this past September. Not only is Alford, a Hoosiers legend, connected through his Bloomington ties, having coached Drew Adams and now hired him to his staff but Barnett -- the Indiana Elite founder and adidas consultant -- is Alford's former agent, having handled his contract renegotiation at Iowa and his initial deal at New Mexico.

"It was my decision where I wanted to go, no matter who is there," Negedu says of his college decisions.

Mark Adams says he didn't play a role in Negedu's signing with Tennessee or subsequent transfer to New Mexico, but notes that his family and Negedu are close and that his son, Drew, rushed from Indiana to be with Negedu when he was hospitalized in Tennessee. "Drove through the night to be at his bedside like he would if his own brother was there," Adams writes. "My family has taken in these kids as one of our own family members. To say anything shady has occurred to any of these kids is sickening."

A-HOPE didn't bring Negedu to the United States, even though he is listed on the A-HOPE website: Class of 2008. Godwin Owinje, a fellow Nigerian who played at Georgetown in the late 1990s, told ESPN.com he discovered Negedu at a tryout camp and handled the legal paperwork to bring him to this country.

Owinje says he and his then-partner in Radar Hoops, current Denver Nuggets general manager Masai Ujiri, arranged for Negedu to attend Brewster Academy in New Hampshire, noting it was the prep school's coach, Jason Smith, who connected Negedu with Adams and his summer travel team. That move led to harsh words between Owinge and Smith, Owinje recalls.

"That was not a good experience," says Owinje, who runs camps in Nigeria and a subscription-based scouting service. "It was a hassle just dealing with Adams, because [of issues] a couple of times when the kid wanted to go back home and play on the junior national team. Adams was telling me his AAU team comes first. I am like, 'There is no way. This is a kid I brought to the United States. You can't tell me.'"

About this same time, Owinje claims he warned Adams not to attempt to play a hand in Negedu's college recruitment, but now he doesn't know what to think. "The kid was doing his own thing without my consent, so I just let him go," Owinje says.

Adams writes in an email: "Emmanuel chose Tenn., I didn't have anything to do to with it."

Crean: Hard work on recruiting has paid off -- nothing else is going on

With all of the connections and movement, if folks fancy Indiana University silly enough to cheat these days, they're crazy. This opinion echoes through a phone line from coach Tom Crean, who three years ago inherited a Hoosiers program on probation after recruiting violations under former coach Kelvin Sampson. Crean paints an image of an IU compliance department that is on his tail 24 hours a day, seven days a week. "Transparency" is a buzzword he utters with regularity, saying, "I never understood what that word meant 'til I got to Indiana."

Indiana coach Tom Crean says people talk bad about IU recruiting or the program because they want to hold the program down. AP Photo/Darron Cummings

He is well aware of A-HOPE and Indiana Elite, but how they operate is none of his business, he says. People talk bad about IU, Crean says, because they want to hold the program down, thus gaining a leg up in recruiting the talent-rich state. He wonders aloud whether Baylor and in-state rival Purdue might be shoveling dirt, though neither school's coaching staff or boosters cooperated with ESPN.com in the reporting of this story.

As Crean drove the back roads of Indiana on a late-season recruiting trip, his 11-year-old son asleep by his side, the coach was understandably protective of his program in an interview. "The situation is, we have been working," he says. "And the last thing I am going to do or have anybody in this program do is apologize for how hard we have been working.

"And when you recruit as aggressively as we're trying to recruit, especially in a world like this where it served people to have Indiana stay down a lot more than it served people to have Indiana come back up, you understand it and you don't really worry about it. If I was worried about it, I wouldn't be out recruiting tonight."

He acknowledges that recruiting, as has been true since before the days of John Wooden, is all about relationships, and he's not apologetic about working those.

He clearly appreciates the current and long-term value of Kory Barnett, a Hoosiers walk-on and son of the Indiana Elite founder. Crean gushes about Barnett, one of IU's five walk-ons, saying he is the "best leader we have" and someone he would like to hire onto his staff after graduation.

Crean was understandably antsy to tap into the in-state talent, having watched in his first couple of seasons as a parade of Hoosier recruits landed at Purdue or headed out of state to play. Of the 16 players he signed, only three had Indiana roots. In the past year alone, eight players with A-HOPE or Indiana Elite ties have signed or committed to play in Bloomington.

And he acknowledges that hiring Drew Adams afforded IU inroads to some prime talent from A-HOPE and Indiana Elite. In that, Crean praises Adams as a bright coaching prospect, a tireless worker and underpaid at that, suggesting he turned down considerably more money to return home to Bloomington. And if he hadn't hired Adams, some other brand-name program would have, he says. Adams couldn't be reached for comment Thursday.

Asked whether he thought the other schools, which Crean wouldn't name for public attribution, saw then in Adams the same potential access to players, he said: "Oh, the same thing. It is that kind of business. You got to build relationships. You just have to."

One of those schools was Memphis; head coach Josh Pastner -- who cut his coaching teeth in the AAU ranks -- recalls considering Drew Adams for an administrative assistant's position after inquiries from Drew and Drew's father. Pastner acknowledges that Adams had a "lot of good contacts," but at the time the coach was more concerned with finding someone who could handle administrative chores than with the potential access to players.

"I knew the background of both Drew and Mark, but I couldn't afford in the position that I was in to hire a guy I didn't feel was going to help in the area I was going to hire him at," Pastner says. "In an administrative role, players wasn't what I needed in that. I needed organization in the [person's] background."

Pastner suggests that a "gray area" in NCAA rules existed between Drew's former IU staff position and his father's A-HOPE and Indiana Elite roles, though it may well have been legal -- the outcome typical of a father-son relationship.

Amid questions about ties to his father's foundation and Indiana Elite, Drew Adams left Indiana this month for a similar basketball staff position at the University of New Mexico, which is coached by former IU star Steve Alford. Aaron Suozzi for ESPN.com

"Mark is Drew's father, and Mark is always going to look after his son, and those are facts," says Pastner, noting that his dad is also an AAU coach. "On the other hand, Mark is also giving kids opportunities in life that maybe [they] wouldn't have an opportunity in life without the game of basketball. And not every kid at that program is good enough to play at Indiana or Memphis or Tennessee. My thing is I believe he is doing it to all the kids, and if he is treating all the kids the same and if a kid or two is good enough to play at Indiana and Coach Crean says, 'Man, I'd love to have him,' and Drew is on that [Indiana] staff and the dad has some influence on the kid and the kid trusts the dad, and the dad says, 'I think Indiana is best choice,' then that is normal."

That's what high school and AAU coaches do, he reasons.

Notre Dame coach Mike Brey also acknowledges that recruiting can occur that way, though saying he can't recall landing an Indiana Elite or A-HOPE player in 11 years. As for IU's recent run of success, he says: "I certainly know what Bloomington means to a kid that has grown up in Indiana. It's doesn't matter what AAU team you play for, that has been a powerful thing. And I think Tom [Crean] has done a really good job of getting the momentum going in the state again."

Mark Adams says his son's resume speaks for itself. "He is as much or more qualified for his position than any Director of Basketball Operations person in the country He has paid his dues, he works long hours, he works extremely hard and nothing has been given to him. There is no reason for me, Drew or IU to feel bad or ashamed for his position. As a father, I am very proud of what he accomplished in his career."

Crean recalls first meeting Drew Adams and his father at the Final Four in San Antonio shortly after landing the Indiana job, but says it wasn't Mark Adams who pushed the hiring of Drew. Instead, it was Tim Buckley, an IU assistant who had been on Steve Alford's staff at Iowa when Drew was a walk-on.

"I loved the fact that he was coaching in the summertime and being a part of those programs and knew players and things like that," Crean says of Adams, whose lone college experience had been as a student manager at Tennessee. He adds, "I mean, come on, man -- I knew when we hired Drew and he is in that program and things of that nature, that people were going to view it [suspiciously]."

Still, Crean backtracks on the notion that IU has enjoyed a significant advantage because Adams had coached players in summer ball whom the Hoosiers were recruiting, including three from Indiana Elite who later signed or committed. Crean plays down the familiarity angle, suggesting, "When long-term memory for the average human being scientifically shows to be three days, we can't bank on that."

Others give IU far more credit for working relationships, insisting that the perception within basketball circles is that the A-HOPE/Indiana Elite combo is very Hoosier-friendly. It's not that every player runs off to Bloomington. Or that IU is the only program tapping into a friendly network. It's simply folks noting that Indiana -- especially in the 12 months between Drew Adams' promotion and his sudden departure -- landed most (if not all) of the players it wanted who had ties to A-Hope or Indiana Elite.

Blake Ress, the longtime commissioner of the Indiana High School Athletic Association before stepping down in February, told ESPN.com that he's had issues in the past with basketball players staying at Adams' Bloomington house. He says he long viewed the summer basketball culture, in some cases complimented by imported players, through a leery eye. He describes Indiana Elite as being perceived as uber-friendly towards IU, adding: "Yeah, the whole thing smells.''

Mike Fish is an investigative reporter for ESPN.com. He can be reached at michaeljfish@gmail.com.