Israel’s government boosted its spending on West Bank settlements following the election of US President Donald Trump, according to official data obtained by The Associated Press.

Both supporters and detractors of the settlement movement have previously referred to a “Trump effect,” claiming the president’s friendlier approach to the settlements was leading to additional West Bank construction.

While the new Israeli figures obtained in a freedom of information request do not prove a direct connection, they indicate this process may already be underway, showing a 39 percent increase in 2017 spending on roads, schools and public buildings across the West Bank.

Get The Times of Israel's Daily Edition by email and never miss our top stories Free Sign Up

Hagit Ofran, a researcher with the left-wing anti-settlement monitoring group Peace Now, said it appeared that Trump’s election has emboldened Israel’s pro-settler government.

“They are not shy anymore with what they are doing,” she said. “They feel more free to do whatever they want.”

Nabil Abu Rudeineh, spokesman for Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas, echoed the assessment. “This proves that the current US administration encouraged settlement activities,” he said.

Since capturing the West Bank and East Jerusalem in the 1967 Six Day War, Israel has settled some 670,000 of its citizens in the two areas. Most of the international community has objected to moving people into those territories as both illegal and a deliberate obstacle to any future Palestinian state. The US maintained a similar position on the issue up to the current administration, which hasn’t gone much further than calling Israeli communities beyond the Green Line “unhelpful.”

The Palestinians, who claim both the West Bank and East Jerusalem as parts of their future state, consider the settlements illegal land grabs. Scores of fast-growing settlements control strategic hilltops and swaths of the West Bank, making it increasingly difficult to partition the territory.

For decades, the international community and the US have expressed concern over the settlements while doing little to halt their construction. But since taking office, Trump, whose inner circle of Mideast advisers have longstanding ties to the settler movement, has taken a different approach. The White House has urged restraint but refrained from the blanket condemnations of its Republican and Democratic predecessors.

“The Trump administration is undoubtedly the most friendly American administration of all time,” said Oded Revivi, the chief foreign envoy of the Yesha settlement umbrella council. “In contrast, the Obama years were extremely hard for Israel. Now we are making up for lost ground.”

The government statistics, released by the Finance Ministry, showed Israeli spending in the West Bank in 2017, Trump’s first year in office, rose to NIS 1.65 billion, or $459.8 million, up from NIS 1.19 billion in 2016.

The 2017 figures were the highest in the 15 years of data provided by the Finance Ministry, though spending also climbed in 2016. At the time, US president Barack Obama, a vocal critic of the settlements, was a lame duck, and relations with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu were cool.

In contrast, the lowest year of Israeli spending was 2009, when both Netanyahu and Obama took office, when it was NIS 760.7 million. The data included only the first half of 2018, so full-year comparisons were not available.

The ministry released the data after two years of requests from the AP, which received backing early this year from The Movement for Freedom of Information, a legal advocacy group that assists journalists.

The figures include only government spending, so construction and purchases of private homes are not included. Israel also does not include items like policing, education, health and military spending, saying such services are provided to all Israelis regardless of where they live.

In addition, spending in East Jerusalem is excluded. Israel has declared the area part of its capital, although the vast majority of the world does not recognize it as such.

The figures include spending on public construction projects, such as roads, schools, social centers, synagogues, shopping malls and industrial parks. They also include special development grants for local governments and mortgage subsidies.

The areas with the strongest growth in 2017 were in school construction, which jumped 68%, and road construction, which rose 54%.

Revivi, who is also mayor of the Efrat settlement near Jerusalem, said the spending was badly needed.

He said that school spending was legally required because of the fast-growing population. He also said that roads in the West Bank have been in “dire condition” for years, and there is a drastic need for improvements.

Netivei Yisrael, the public company that oversees road construction, said it carries out its projects at the instruction of the Transportation Ministry. In the West Bank, these projects often allow settlers to bypass Palestinian villages to minimize friction.

In a statement, the company said it is “proud to lead a long line of projects throughout Israel, including Judea and Samaria” — the biblical name of the West Bank — “with the goal of improving safety for travelers and saving lives.”

Outgoing Education Minister Naftali Bennett declined to comment, while Transportation Minister Israel Katz did not respond to a query. Netanyahu’s office also did not answer a request for comment.

But Peace Now’s Ofran said that road construction has deeper implications. She said new roads bring easier commutes and a better quality of life for settlers, drawing more people.

“We see it very immediately, after the opening of a road, a big boom in construction along the road,” she said. “I think the investments we have these years in the roads are dramatic and will allow the expansion of settlements dramatically. That is very much worrying.”

After winning re-election last month, Netanyahu is in the process of forming a new coalition that also is expected to have close ties with the settlers.

In recent months, both Peace Now and settler advocates have released reports claiming that Trump’s policies have laid the groundwork for a settlement boom in the near future.

In a statement, the US Embassy in Jerusalem repeated the White House policy. “While the existence of settlements is not in itself an impediment to peace, further unrestrained settlement activity doesn’t help peace,” it said.

The new data added to Palestinian distrust of the US, boding poorly for a new peace plan the administration says it is preparing.

The Palestinian Authority cut off ties with the White House after Trump recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December 2017 and subsequently moved the American Embassy to the contested city. Cuts of hundreds of millions of dollars of US aid for the Palestinians have further poisoned the atmosphere.

Claiming the Trump administration is unfairly biased, the Palestinians already have said they will reject any US peace plan.

Abu Rudeineh, the Palestinian spokesman, said the numbers are “another reason why we think that the US plan is unfair.”

The Finance Ministry data is collected each year and shared with the US, which under a policy going back to president George H.W. Bush deducts the sum from loan guarantees for Israel.

It also includes a small but unspecified sum spent in the Golan Heights. A few thousand Israelis live in the Golan, and Peace Now said the sums spent there were “not significant.”

Jacob Magid contributed to this report