The world’s oldest gasholder, an early Neolithic tomb and a London church linked to Charles Dickens are among historic sites on a new list of heritage considered to be at risk in England.

Gasholder No 2, at Fulham gasworks in London, was built in 1830 in the pioneering days of the gas industry and is the last standing example of its kind. Groundbreaking in its day, and twice the size of most gasholders at that time, it was thought to be the largest in the world. However, the Grade II* structure, including handmade wrought-iron work, is deteriorating – largely due to vegetation – leading to its inclusion on the register of at-risk sites.



Facebook Twitter Pinterest Gasholder No 2 in Fulham, London, was built in 1830. Photograph: Historic England/PA

In contrast to this icon of England’s industrial past, Brighton’s Royal Pavilion Garden, which surrounds the John Nash-designed Royal Pavilion built as a seaside pleasure palace for the future King George IV, has also been deemed at risk. Its Regency serpentine walks, drives, open lawns, shrubs and trees have fallen victim to the garden’s popularity with visitors. The garden’s character is being blighted by fencing, litter bins, signage and lighting, according to Historic England, which is working with Brighton and Hove council to develop a conservation management plan.



The list includes the 18th-century parish church of St Anne’s Limehouse, in the East End of London, designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor and named after Queen Anne, who raised the money to build it from a tax levied on coal coming up the Thames.

Its proximity to the river meant the golden ball atop its mast was for many years a sea mark for navigating the Thames, and its clock – the highest church clock in London – was designed to chime every 15 minutes to guide the thousands of ships that moored in the docks every day. Today its interior is suffering from water damage.



Facebook Twitter Pinterest A view of Borough high street in Southwark, London, by R Sheppard c1729, showing St George the Martyr in the background. Photograph: Guildhall Library & Art Gallery/Heritage Images/Getty Images

Another church on the list is St George the Martyr in Southwark, south London, known as “Little Dorrit’s church” for its connections with Charles Dickens’ life and works. The churchyard was a burial place for prisoners who died in Marshalsea debtor’s prison next door, where Dickens’ parents and some siblings were incarcerated in 1824 for debt. Marshalsea was the place of imprisonment for the Dorrit family in Little Dorrit, whose character is depicted in one of the church’s stained-glass windows.



The Grade II* Drinkstone Smock Mill in Suffolk, which dates from the late 18th century and incorporates within its timber frame the base of an earlier horse-driven mill, needs repairs because the tower is leaking. The Cooperage at 32 Close on the quay in Newcastle upon Tyne – built in the early 16th century as a merchant’s house but which over the centuries has served variously as a grocers, coopers, restaurant and public house – is at risk due to neglect and disrepair.



An outstanding example of a chambered tomb or dolmen, Trethevy Quoit, north of Liskeard in Cornwall and known locally as “the giant’s house”, has also been added to the register, mainly because of increased erosion by livestock and damage to the field caused by fencing.



Historic England is also anxious to preserve Lady Row in Goodramgate, York, a 14th-century 10-bay row believed to be the oldest complete timber-framed building in the city, which was badly damaged when part of it was hit by a lorry last year and which also suffers from timber decay.



Facebook Twitter Pinterest Sandycombe Lodge, a former home of landscape painter JMW Turner, has been rescued with the help of £2.4m from the Heritage Lottery Fund. Photograph: Oli Scarff/Getty Images

Among sites rescued and removed from the register this year are a tollhouse in Stratford-upon-Avon, and the former RAF Barnham atomic bomb store on Thetford Heath, Suffolk, built in the 1950s to store and maintain Britain’s first nuclear bombs – a free-fall type codenamed Blue Danube and carried by V-bombers. Sandycombe Lodge, a villa in Twickenham, south-west London, designed and lived in by the artist JMW Turner, has also been rescued after a £2.4m restoration funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund.

Over the past year 387 sites, buildings and monuments have been rescued and removed from the at-risk register, while 328 have been added. There are 5,290 in total on the register, which include 1,257 Grade I and Grade II* buildings, 2,480 scheduled monuments, 937 places of worship, 96 registered parks and gardens, four battlefields, four protected wrecks and 512 conservation areas.



Duncan Wilson, Historic England’s chief executive, said: “The heritage at-risk register is an annual health check of the country’s most special and vulnerable historic places. We can celebrate the fact that 367 historic sites have been saved this year across England by organisations and communities working with Historic England and want to thank all those who have cared for at-risk places, bringing them back into life and into use.



“From the volunteer bracken-bashers at prehistoric sites to the apprentices learning and applying traditional craft skills to medieval buildings, this is a huge, collective labour of love and it is well worth it,” Wilson added.



“But across England, thousands of fascinating buildings and places full of history are still at risk and in need of rescue. There is much work to do to secure their future. The historic environment has a profound impact on our culture and identity as well as our economy, both locally and nationally, and it’s irreplaceable.”

