Gordon Sondland Gordon SondlandGOP chairman vows to protect whistleblowers following Vindman retirement over 'bullying' Top Democrat slams Trump's new EU envoy: Not 'a political donor's part-time job' Trump names new EU envoy, filling post left vacant by impeachment witness Sondland MORE, President Trump Donald John TrumpFederal prosecutor speaks out, says Barr 'has brought shame' on Justice Dept. Former Pence aide: White House staffers discussed Trump refusing to leave office Progressive group buys domain name of Trump's No. 1 Supreme Court pick MORE’s ambassador to the European Union, brought the impeachment inquiry closer to the White House on Wednesday.

Sondland implicated some of the president’s key allies in his testimony, saying Secretary of State Mike Pompeo Michael (Mike) Richard PompeoWatchdog confirms State Dept. canceled award for journalist who criticized Trump Trump's push for win with Sudan amps up pressure on Congress Putin nominated for Nobel Peace Prize MORE, Vice President Pence, White House acting chief of staff Mick Mulvaney Mick MulvaneyOn The Money: House panel pulls Powell into partisan battles | New York considers hiking taxes on the rich | Treasury: Trump's payroll tax deferral won't hurt Social Security Blockchain trade group names Mick Mulvaney to board Mick Mulvaney to start hedge fund MORE and outgoing Energy Secretary Rick Perry Rick PerryEnergy secretary questions consensus that humans cause climate change OVERNIGHT ENERGY: Democrats push resolution to battle climate change, sluggish economy and racial injustice | Senators reach compromise on greenhouse gas amendment stalling energy bill | Trump courts Florida voters with offshore drilling moratorium OVERNIGHT ENERGY: Trump signs major conservation bill into law | Senate votes to confirm Energy's No. 2 official | Trump Jr. expresses opposition to Pebble Mine project MORE were all aware of efforts to secure a commitment from Ukraine to conduct investigations seen as benefiting the White House.

Sondland’s testimony proved dramatic from the outset, as he confirmed publicly that a White House meeting was conditioned on Ukraine launching investigations into 2016 election interference and Burisma Holdings, a Ukrainian gas company that employed former Vice President Joe Biden Joe BidenFormer Pence aide: White House staffers discussed Trump refusing to leave office Progressive group buys domain name of Trump's No. 1 Supreme Court pick Bloomberg rolls out M ad buy to boost Biden in Florida MORE’s son Hunter Biden on its board.

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He said he kept officials at the White House and State Department apprised of his efforts, furnishing the committee with a July 19 email he sent to Pompeo, Mulvaney and Perry about Ukraine being prepared to “run a fully transparent investigation.”

“Everyone was in the loop,” Sondland said. “It was no secret.”

Sondland also provided fodder for Democrats to accuse the Trump administration of obstructing the impeachment inquiry, telling the committee that the State Department and White House had refused to provide him or his lawyers with materials relevant to his testimony.

“In the absence of these materials, my memory has not been perfect,” the hotelier and Trump donor said.

Sondland’s testimony is contributing to a circular firing squad of sorts as White House and administration officials seek cover from potentially damaging allegations — some of it coming from their colleagues or even the White House itself.

On Tuesday, the White House sought to fend off critical testimony about Trump’s July 25 call with Ukraine’s president from two White House aides who witnessed it — including by questioning the motives of Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman Alexander VindmanImpeachment witness Alexander Vindman calls Trump Putin's 'useful idiot' The Hill's Morning Report - Sponsored by The Air Line Pilots Association - Trump, Biden renew push for Latino support Strzok: Trump behaving like an authoritarian MORE, a top Ukraine expert working on the National Security Council who won a Purple Heart for service to his country, but has been attacked as a loyalist to Ukraine. Vindman came to the United States as a toddler from a Soviet state.

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On Wednesday, Trump and his allies sought to distance themselves from Sondland — a big-time donor who communicated regularly with top government officials.

“I don’t know him very well. I have not spoken to him much. This is not a man I know well. He seems like a nice guy though,” Trump said, offering a defense he has repeatedly used.

Ahead of testimony from Jennifer Williams, who works on Pence’s national security staff, the vice president’s office issued a statement describing her as a State Department official.

Lt. Gen. Keith Kellogg, the national security adviser to Pence, issued a statement on Tuesday highlighting that Williams did not raise her concerns about Trump’s July 25 call with the Ukrainian president to the vice president or her supervisor.

And Pence’s chief of staff Marc Short flatly denied Sondland’s testimony that he raised concerns to the vice president on Sept. 1 about Ukraine aid being tied to investigations.

Pompeo, who is in Europe for NATO meetings, told reporters he had not watched Sondland’s testimony. The secretary has long been viewed as one of Trump’s closest allies, but the damaging testimony delivered by State Department officials in recent weeks has strained that relationship and called into question Pompeo’s leadership of the agency.

Trump’s personal attorney Rudy Giuliani Rudy GiulianiThe Hill's Campaign Report: GOP set to ask SCOTUS to limit mail-in voting CIA found Putin 'probably directing' campaign against Biden: report Democrats fear Russia interference could spoil bid to retake Senate MORE, who has repeatedly been put by witness testimony at the center of the controversy, was the most combative of the officials implicated by Sondland. He batted down the diplomat’s testimony and took issue with the GOP counsel’s line of questioning.

“Republican lawyer doesn’t do his own research and preparation, and is instead picking up Democrat lies, shame,” Giuliani tweeted. “Allow me to inform him: I have NO financial interests in Ukraine, NONE! I would appreciate his apology.”

Giuliani is under scrutiny in the impeachment inquiry for pressing representatives of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to open the political probes under the pretense that it was to fight corruption. He is also reportedly under criminal investigation for his financial dealings.

Sondland said that he, Perry and Kurt Volker Kurt VolkerGOP senators request details on Hunter Biden's travel for probe Yovanovitch retires from State Department: reports Live coverage: Senators enter second day of questions in impeachment trial MORE, the then-U.S. envoy to Ukraine, didn’t want to work with Giuliani but that they “all understood that if we refused to work with Mr. Giuliani, we would lose an important opportunity to cement relations between the United States and Ukraine.”

“So we followed the president's orders,” Sondland said.

But Giuliani took issue with the testimony, claiming that it was Volker who had recruited him to work on Ukraine foreign policy.

Public testimony on Thursday from State Department staffer David Holmes and former National Security Council (NSC) official Fiona Hill is likely to keep the White House on the defensive.

Hill, a top Russia expert on the NSC, raised objections in her closed-door deposition about the dealings of Giuliani, Sondland and Mulvaney, while Holmes overheard a key phone call between Sondland and Trump in which the president allegedly mentioned investigations. Hill was also critical of Trump’s July 25 phone call with Zelensky, describing it as evidence of an effort to “subvert the national security process.”

Marvin Kalb, a foreign policy fellow at the Brookings Institution who has known Hill for two decades, described her as a serious professional who likely understands the “political whirlpool” she is currently wrapped up in.

“I think she’ll be very serious, which is the kind of person that she is,” Kalb said in an interview. “I think she will always tell the truth.”

Sondland was hardly an ideal witness for either party. His credibility has faced questions after he corrected his prior closed-door testimony to Congress, saying other witness accounts have refreshed his memory about certain events at the center of the inquiry.

Still, Democrats viewed his testimony as strengthening their narrative that the president’s actions do not match his words.

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“My colleagues seem to be under the impression that unless the president spoke the words ‘Ambassador Sondland, I am bribing the Ukrainian president,’ that there’s no evidence of bribery,” said House Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff Adam Bennett SchiffSchiff to subpoena top DHS official, alleges whistleblower deposition is being stonewalled Schiff claims DHS is blocking whistleblower's access to records before testimony GOP lawmakers distance themselves from Trump comments on transfer of power MORE (D-Calif.). “If he didn’t say ‘Ambassador Sondland, I’m telling you I’m not going to give the aid unless they do this’ that there’s no evidence of a quid pro quo on military aid.”

“Nonetheless, ambassador, you’ve given us a lot of evidence of precisely that conditionality of both the White House meeting and the military assistance,” Schiff said.