ZHONGNING, China—China’s aggressive policing of Muslims in its western region of Xinjiang is being replicated in other parts of the country, particularly in areas with other Muslim communities.

Over the past year or so, as Xinjiang stepped up its program of mass surveillance, detention and assimilation of Muslims, droves of law-enforcement officials from across China have traveled there to study the techniques—and adapt them for their home regions.

One result is that the small multipurpose police stations that are ubiquitous in urban Xinjiang are cropping up in neighboring provinces. In Zhongning county, a placid agricultural stretch of the northwestern Ningxia region known for producing goji berries, authorities set up a pilot police-services work station. Housed in a two-floor building within a residential compound, the station hosts six officers who offer community services, such as mediating disputes, alongside security functions, tapping into a network of surveillance cameras blanketing the county’s streets to enforce order.

Rows of Muslim-run restaurants and butcher shops have replaced their halal-food signage to remove Arabic text, a change locals say was enforced over the past year as part of new rules curbing Islamic practices.

Elsewhere, security cameras are trained on many mosques across neighboring Gansu and Qinghai provinces. Surveillance tools widely used in Xinjiang, such as devices that extract data stored on mobile phones, are being used by police departments elsewhere, including Beijing and Shanghai, according to government procurement documents.