Over 40 percent of Israel’s Arab citizens say the Holocaust never happened, according to a survey published Monday. But the University of Haifa sociologist who directed it, Sammy Smooha, said the results were most likely statements more of protest than of belief. The survey found that 41 percent said the Holocaust never happened, up from 28 percent in 2006. Mr. Smooha says he thinks the increase signals a rising frustration among Arabs, who say they believe that recognizing the Holocaust gives justification to Israeli policies.