Turkey’s president has threatened to send millions of Syrian refugees to Europe in retaliation for stinging world criticism of his military operation in northern Syria that has left 17 civilians dead, including several children.

Lashing out at the European Union and others that joined a global chorus of condemnation, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan warned he would “open the gates” if anyone called his offensive “an invasion”.

Seventeen civilians and dozens of fighters on both sides, have been killed since Turkish troops and its Syrian rebel allies launched a cross-border incursion against Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) on Wednesday.

Among the dead in Syria are three children, rights groups have reported. The Turkish authorities meanwhile said that that six people, including a nine-month-old baby had been killed on the Turkish side.

Over 60,000 people have since fled their homes as Ankara’s military advanced, capturing nine Syrian villages and encircling two Kurdish-held towns.

Under airstrikes and heavy artillery, panicked residents of the Syrian border towns told The Independent they had “nowhere to hide”.

Turkey launches offensive into Syria Show all 25 1 /25 Turkey launches offensive into Syria Turkey launches offensive into Syria Turkish soldiers with armored vehicles EPA Turkey launches offensive into Syria A woman flees with her children during Turkish bombardment on Syria's northeastern town of Ras al-Ain AFP/Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria Smoke billows following Turkish bombardment on Syria's northeastern town of Ras al-Ain in the Hasakeh province along the Turkish border on October 9, 2019. - Turkey launched an assault on Kurdish forces in northern Syria with air strikes and explosions reported along the border. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan announced the start of the attack on Twitter, labelling it "Operation Peace Spring". (Photo by Delil SOULEIMAN / AFP) (Photo by DELIL SOULEIMAN/AFP via Getty Images) DELIL SOULEIMAN AFP/Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria The first group of Turkish infantry prepare to enter Syria on the border Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria Civilians flee AFP/Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria Smoke billows from targets inside Syria AP Turkey launches offensive into Syria Turkish armoured vehicles enter Syria in Akcakale Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria Civilians leave as smoke rises from Ras al-Ain AFP Turkey launches offensive into Syria A multi-rocket launcher fires in an unknown location Turkish Defence Ministry via Reuters Turkey launches offensive into Syria People wave as Turkish soldiers prepare to cross the border Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria Girls stand together in Ras al Ain town Reuters Turkey launches offensive into Syria A woman walks as smoke billows following Turkish bombardment in Syria's northeastern town of Ras al-Ain AFP/Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria A Turkish army's tank drives down from a truck towards the border with Syria AFP/Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria Turkish jet taxis on tarmac after returning to a military base in southeast Diyarbakir Reuters Turkey launches offensive into Syria A Turkish armored vehicle drives down a road during a military operation in Kurdish areas of northern Syria EPA Turkey launches offensive into Syria People sit on belongings at a back of a truck as they flee Ras al Ain town Reuters Turkey launches offensive into Syria Turkey-backed Syrian opposition fighters enter Tel Abyad AFP/Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria Civilians flee AFP/Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria People flee Tal Abyad North Press Agency/Reuters TV Turkey launches offensive into Syria People wave as Turkish soldiers prepare to cross the border into Syria Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria Civilians flee with their belongings AFP/Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria Civilians flee during Turkish bombardment on Syria's northeastern town of Ras al-Ain in the Hasakeh province along the Turkish border on October 9, 2019. - Turkey launched a broad assault on Kurdish-controlled areas in northeastern Syria today, with intensive bombardment paving the way for an invasion made possible by the withdrawal of US troops. (Photo by Delil SOULEIMAN / AFP) (Photo by DELIL SOULEIMAN/AFP via Getty Images) DELIL SOULEIMAN AFP/Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, right, speaks with Defense Minister Hulusi Akar, left, as they watch the operation by Turkish forces in Kurdish areas EPA Turkey launches offensive into Syria Smoke rises from the Syrian town of Tal Abyad AFP/Getty Turkey launches offensive into Syria Turkey-backed members of Syrian National Army prepare for moving to Turkey with heavy armed vehicles EPA

“We will open the gates and send 3.6 million refugees your way,” Recep Tayyip Erdogan said in a fiery speech on Thursday. Taking aim at the storm of criticism from across the world, he added: “They are not honest, they just make up words ... We, however, take action and that is the difference between us.”

Nato-ally Turkey has threatened a cross-border offensive for years but only pressed ahead after US president Donald Trump unexpectedly ordered a pullback of US forces from the border area late Sunday night.

In the shock announcement, Mr Trump had said the US would not prevent an imminent Turkish attack against Washington’s Kurdish allies – a move the SDF called a “stab in the back”.

The SDF, a mostly Kurdish militia with an Arab contingent, has been a key partner of the US in the fight against the Isis. The group, which received arms as well as significant air and ground support from the US, lost some 11,000 fighters in the years-long war before recapturing the last piece of Isis territory in March.

EU has criticised Ankara’s plan to build a so-called ‘safe zone’ in territory it planned to seize in the offensive (EPA)

Just weeks before Mr Trump’s announcement, the SDF had destroyed several of its military defences near to the border with Turkey as part of a US-led security agreement.

In an attempt to defend his decision, the US president hit out at critics and said the Kurds “didn’t help us in the Second World War”. He later appeared to backtrack warning Ankara that it would be hit hard financially if it did not “play by the rules”. Ankara considers the SDF a terrorist organisation for its links to Kurdish separatists in Turkey.

It claims its operation intends to create a “safe zone” to facilitate the return of millions of refugees, with Turkey’s foreign minister saying the operation would go no further than 30km into Syria.

But world leaders and aid agencies fear that vulnerable families, who fled war, will be forcibly re-located there and a military incursion in northern Syria, which is home to over 700,000 people that rely on aid, would cause a “humanitarian catastrophe”.

Many also say that Turkey’s offensive runs the risk of Isis prisoners escaping from camps – which hold some 18,000 militants – amid the chaos

On Wednesday night, Kurdish officials accused Turkey of bombing a prison, in the border city of Qamishli, which holds Isis jihadists of more than 60 nationalities.

Badran Jia Kurd, a senior Kurdish official, told Reuters that the fighting will “definitely reduce and weaken” their ability to guard Isis prisons as troops will need to be diverted to the front.

“This could lead to their escape,” he added. Journalists in the area confirmed the hit to The Independent, calling it a “near miss” as no Isis fighter had escaped.

Aid agencies, meanwhile, warned that over 60,000 people had fled their homes amid intense airstrikes and artillery fire.

“Families fleeing areas like Ras Ayn said the shelling is indiscriminate, they are pouring into this city,” Said Jan, a local Kurdish resident and reporter who was in Hasakah, a town about 70km south east of the frontline.

“Dozens of families, mostly women, children and elderly people are now camping in the four largest schools here. We are concerned because the schools are almost full already. There is no one administering aid. They need everything right now, food water, everything,” he added.

Residents of Qamishli city, further east, meanwhile shared gruesome photos of two children hit by artillery fire. They said Mohamed, 15, was killed by the attack. His sister, 8, whose foot was shown dangling from her shattered leg by just a thread, later had her limb amputated.

“Everyone was yelling and screaming in the hospital. The children’s aunt was crying, begging people to share blood, they needed a rare B-type for the little girl,” said Sharine, a resident of the city who went to the hospital to help.

“The doctors tried to reassure the aunt but in the last second they had to admit the little girl would lose her leg. Everyone looked horrified,” she told The Independent.

“The parents were busy burying the little boy, they had no idea their daughter was undergoing an amputation,” she added.

64,000 have fled their homes since Turkey launched the offensive (AFP/Getty) (AFP)

As the death toll mounted, world leaders and bodies, called on Turkey to immediately cease the unilateral attack, denouncing Ankara’s plan to build a “safe zone”.

The European Union, which sparked the wrath of Mr Erdogan, said forcibly relocating Syrian refugees to northern Syria would not “satisfy international criteria for refugee return as laid down by UNHCR”.

“Any attempt at demographic change would be unacceptable,” the blistering statement added.

“The EU will not provide stabilisation or development assistance in areas where the rights of local populations are ignored.”

Dominic Raab the foreign secretary, meanwhile said he called his Turkish counterpart Mevlut Cavusoglu on Thursday afternoon “to express the UK’s disappointment and concern about the military incursion into northeastern Syria and call for restraint.”

He said the intervention risks greater humanitarian suffering and “undermines the focus on countering Daesh [ISIS]”.

Finland, Denmark and India echoed the UK’s condemnation. While several regional powerhouses, including Israel, Egypt, the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, also expressed their alarm. An emergency Arab League session was called on Saturday to discuss the operation.

Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu even pledged to send humanitarian aid to the Kurds and warned of possible “ethnic cleansing ... by Turkey and its proxies.”

President Erdogan defended the operation maintaining Turkey would support Syria’s territorial integrity by confronting Kurdish control of the country’s northeast.

He reassured states that Ankara would retain Isis fighters in its custody while deporting others to their countries of origin – if they could accept them.

He added women and children of Isis would go through a rehabilitation program and vowed that the militants “will not have a presence in this area again”.”

The leader also said that “109 terrorists have been killed so far” referring to the Kurdish-led forces, but Rami Abdurrahman, from monitoring group the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, told The Independent that number was “hugely inflated”.