MADRID — Undaunted by the defeat of the Scottish independence movement a day earlier, separatists in the Catalonia region of northeastern Spain pressed ahead on Friday with plans to hold a similar vote there.

The regional Parliament in Barcelona voted overwhelmingly, 106 to 28, to give its leader the power to call a vote on independence, a step that the central government in Madrid has said would be illegal. The vote is planned for Nov. 9.

Despite its outcome, Scotland’s referendum “opens the way for us, because what happened there is that they voted,” Artur Mas, the head of Catalonia’s regional government, said at a news conference.

Mr. Mas said Scotland had provided “a great lesson in democracy,” and urged Spain’s prime minister, Mariano Rajoy, to follow Mr. Cameron’s example and allow a referendum, rather than continue to veto proposal after proposal. “To think you can shut up a Catalan society that wants to vote isn’t going to work in a democracy of the 21st century,” Mr. Mas said.