Conyers, who left office following sexual misconduct allegations, has been hailed as a “champion of civil rights”.

Former US Representative John Conyers, one of the longest-serving members of Congress whose resolutely liberal stance on civil rights made him a political institution in Washington and back home in Detroit despite several scandals, died on Sunday. He was 90.

The former legislator died at his home in Detroit, said police spokesman Dan Donakowski. The death “looks like natural causes”, Donakowski told the Associated Press news agency.

Conyers had served as a congressman for more than 50 years before retiring in late 2017 amid sexual misconduct allegations that he denied.

Conyers was first elected to Congress in 1964, becoming one of only six African Americans House members at the time. He later helped found the Congressional Black Caucus, which works to “ensure that African Americans and other marginalised communities in the US have the opportunity to achieve the American Dream”. He also became the first black legislator to serve as House Judiciary Committee chairman.

His dogged pursuit of civil rights causes and progressive policies made him a political institution in Washington, DC, and in his home city of Detroit, despite several scandals that marred his career, including the conviction of his wife, a city councilwoman in Detroit, who pleaded guilty to bribery in 2009.

In one of his most notable achievements, Conyers won passage of legislation making the birthday of the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr a national holiday. Conyers introduced the legislation the day after King was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1968, but fought 15 years for its eventual passage.

He also regularly introduced a bill, starting in 1989, that called for a commission to study the harm caused by slavery, while assessing the possibility of reparations for slaves’ descendants. However, that bill never moved passed the subcommittee phase.

Following his death, Reverend Jesse Jackson, a civil rights icon who had been with King on the day he was assassinated, praised Conyers, saying that without the legislator there would be no holiday to honour the civil rights icon.

Jackson told the Associated Press that Conyers’s death, along with the recent death of Representative Elijah Cummings of Baltimore, have been “real painful”.

“It’s like a hole in the sky,” he said.

For over 50 years, Congressional Black Caucus Co-Founder John Conyers Jr., reminded us to fight for jobs, justice, and peace and ensured we never forget Martin Luther King Jr.'s sacrifice. We carry on his fight today. My prayers are with his family today. — Kamala Harris (@KamalaHarris) October 27, 2019

Conyers’s congressional career came to an abrupt end amid allegations of sexual misconduct in 2017. A former staffer alleged she was fired because she rejected his sexual advances. Others came forward following the allegation, saying they witnessed Conyers inappropriately touching female staffers or requesting sexual favours.

The House Ethics Committee launched an investigation, as Conyers maintained that his office had resolved a harassment case with a payment but no admission of guilt.

Conyers finally resigned amid pressure from Democratic colleagues, who were in the middle of reviewing how Congress handles such harassment complaints. Conyers said the allegations were “not true” , but stepped down citing health reasons.

Detroit institution

Born and raised in Detroit, the son of a union organiser in the car industry, Conyers served in the National Guard and with the US Army Corps of Engineers during the Korean War before earning his bachelor’s and law degrees from Wayne State University in the late 1950s.

Throughout his career, the legislator maintained an impassioned base of support in his home city, which he represented during the riots of July 1967, when hostilities between African American residents and Detroit’s mostly white police force came to a head. His district office was gutted by fire during the unrest.

The plight of US inner cities remained one of Conyer’s main causes.

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“In Detroit, you’ve got high unemployment, a poverty rate of at least 30 percent, schools not in great shape, high illiteracy, poor families not safe from crime, without health insurance, problems with housing,” he told The Associated Press in 2004. “You can’t fix one problem by itself – they’re all connected.”

When Detroit declared bankruptcy in 2013, Conyers was fiercely opposed to the city’s finances being taken over by a state-appointed emergency manager. Conyers sought a federal investigation and congressional hearings, arguing it was “difficult to identify a single instance” where such an arrangement, in which local officials are stripped of most of their power, succeeds.

Detroit’s mayor, Mike Duggan, in a statement on Sunday, said that he was “deeply saddened” by Conyers death.

He added that Conyers’s “impact on our city and nation will never be forgotten”.

Tributes from colleagues

Former congressional colleagues praised Conyers’s career and offered condolences to his wife and two sons, who survive him.

Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee Jerry Nadler, a Democrat, said in a Twitter post he was “very sad” to learn of Conyer’s death.

Our Congressman forever, John Conyers, Jr. He never once wavered in fighting for jobs, justice and peace. We always knew where he stood on issues of equality and civil rights in the fight for the people. Thank you Congressman Conyers for fighting for us for over 50 years. — Rashida Tlaib (@RashidaTlaib) October 27, 2019

“His legacy, as a champion of civil rights and progressive values, is one I try to build upon every day,” he wrote.

Fellow Michigan Congresswoman Rashida Tlaib, on Twitter, called Conyers “our congressman forever”.

Senator Kamala Harris, a Democratic presidential hopeful, also took to social media to remember the legislator.

“For over 50 years, Congressional Black Caucus Co-Founder John Conyers Jr., reminded us to fight for jobs, justice, and peace and ensured we never forget Martin Luther King Jr.’s sacrifice,” Harris wrote. “We carry on his fight today. My prayers are with his family today.”

Another presidential hopeful, Senator Bernie Sanders, said Conyers was “a champion of civil rights … and long before it was popular, he knew that healthcare was a human right.”