LOS ANGELES: Fathers experience more well-being from parenthood than mothers do, according to a study of over 18,000 people.

Past studies have considered whether people with children have greater well-being than those without kids. However, few have considered the relative

happiness

of fathers and mothers, according to the study published in the journal Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.

Researchers from the University of

California

(UC) Riverside in the United States and colleagues analysed three separate studies totalling more than 18,000 people to determine whether fathers or mothers experience greater happiness from their parenting roles.

Across the three studies, researchers looked at measures of well-being that included happiness, well-being, depressive symptoms, psychological satisfaction, and stress. “Fathers may fare better than mothers in part due to how they spend their time with their children,” said Katherine Nelson-Coffey, who worked in UC Riverside psychologist Sonja Lyubomirsky’s lab as a graduate student.

The first two studies compared well-being of

with that of people who do not have children. Across all outcomes measured in the first studies, fatherhood was more frequently linked with greater well-being than motherhood. Relative to peers without children, fathers reported greater satisfaction with their lives and feelings of connectedness to others, and reported greater positive emotions and fewer daily hassles than mothers.

The third study considered parenthood and well-being while engaged in childcare or interacting with children, compared to other daily activities. Gender significantly impacted the association between childcare and happiness. Men were happier while caring for their children, while women were less happy.

One possible explanation for this is that, relative to mothers, fathers were more likely to indicate that they were playing with their children while they were caring for them or interacting with them.