America’s largest retailers are rethinking their gun policies following a spate of mass shootings this summer in states including California, Texas and Ohio.

With uncertainty about whether Congress will do anything this fall in response to the massacres, the private sector has started taking action to address gun violence.

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Walmart, whose El Paso, Texas, location was the site of a mass shooting in August, said during the first week of September that it was halting the sale of handguns and certain ammunition while urging its millions of customers not to openly carry firearms in its stores. Walgreens and CVS quickly followed suit, asking its customers to leave their guns at home.

But not all major retailers have revamped their policies.

Below is a description of gun policies for the 30 largest U.S. retailers based on overall sales, as measured by the National Retail Federation.

Retailers that ban firearms

No. 4 Costco ($101.43 billion)

Headquarters: Issaquah, Wash.

A statement on Costco’s website says the membership-based retailer prohibits guns in its stores and offers a refund to members who don’t agree with it. A Costco spokeswoman contacted by The Hill said she didn’t know when the ban took effect and that management had no further comment beyond the statement.

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“At Costco, we don't believe it's necessary to bring firearms into its warehouses, except in the case of authorized law enforcement officers. For the protection of all our members and employees, we feel this is a reasonable and prudent precaution to ensure a pleasant shopping experience and safe workplace,” the statement reads.

“Our policy is meant to protect our members and employees in all warehouses around the world. This isn't a new policy, and we don't customize this policy for each city/county/state/country where we do business,” the company added. “If you believe that our policy restricting members from bringing firearms into our warehouses is unfair or excessively burdensome, or you cannot agree to abide by this policy, Costco will promptly refund your annual membership fee in full upon request.”

Retailers that request customers do not openly carry firearms

No. 1 Walmart ($387.66 billion)

Headquarters: Bentonville, Ark.

Walmart changed its gun policy on Sept. 3, urging its customers not to openly carry guns in its stores. The world’s largest retailer also stopped selling handguns and ammunition for handguns and some short-barrel rifles.

“As it relates to safety in our stores, there have been multiple incidents since El Paso where individuals attempting to make a statement and test our response have entered our stores carrying weapons in a way that frightened or concerned our associates and customers,” CEO Doug McMillon wrote in a memo.

The mass shooting in El Paso on Aug. 3 occurred at a Walmart store, leaving 22 dead and 24 injured.

“We have also had well-intentioned customers acting lawfully that have inadvertently caused a store to be evacuated and local law enforcement to be called to respond,” McMillon added. “These incidents are concerning and we would like to avoid them, so we are respectfully requesting that customers no longer openly carry firearms into our stores or Sam’s Clubs in states where ‘open carry’ is permitted – unless they are authorized law enforcement officers.”

No. 3 Kroger ($119.70 billion)

Headquarters: Cincinnati

Kroger changed its policy during the first week of September and requested customers not openly carry guns in its stores. A year ago, the company stopped selling firearms and ammunition in its Fred Meyer stores in the Pacific Northwest.

“Kroger is respectfully asking that customers no longer openly carry firearms into our stores, other than authorized law enforcement officers,” Jessica Adelman, group vice president of corporate affairs, told The Hill in a statement.

“We are also joining those encouraging our elected leaders to pass laws that will strengthen background checks and remove weapons from those who have been found to pose a risk for violence,” she added.

No. 5 Walgreens ($98.39 billion)

Headquarters: Deerfield, Ill.

Walgreens announced on Sept. 5 that it will ask customers to not openly carry guns in its stores.

"We are joining other retailers in asking our customers to no longer openly carry firearms into our stores other than authorized law enforcement officials,” the company said in a statement.

No. 7 CVS ($83.79 billion)

Headquarters: Woonsocket, R.I.

CVS said it is requesting that firearms not be brought into its stores, which number nearly 10,000 nationwide.

“We support the efforts of individuals and groups working to prevent gun violence, and continually review our policies and procedures to ensure our stores remain a safe environment,” the company said in a statement. “We join a growing chorus of businesses in requesting that our customers, other than authorized law enforcement personnel, do not bring firearms into our stores.”

No. 8 Target ($74.48 billion)

Headquarters: Minneapolis

Since July 2014, Target has requested that firearms not be brought into its stores.

"We ... respectfully request that guests not bring firearms to Target – even in communities where it is permitted by law," the retailer said in a statement at the time.

No. 10 Albertsons Companies ($59.71 billion)

Headquarters: Boise, Idaho

After this story originally posted, Albertsons Companies tweeted a statement asking customers not to openly carry firearms in its stores. The grocery giant operates stores in 34 states and Washington, D.C. under well-known brands including Safeway, Vons, Jewel-Osco and Pavilions.

"We see our grocery stores as a hub in local communities & we're proud to serve our neighbors. We want our stores to feel safe & welcoming for all, so we respectfully ask customers to not openly carry firearms in our stores unless they are authorized law enforcement officers."

No. 12 Royal Ahold Delhaize USA (Giant, Food Lion, Hannaford) ($43.8 billion)

Headquarters: Carlisle, Pa.

Royal Ahold Delhaize is the parent company of numerous grocery brands, each with its own gun policy, a spokeswoman said.

At the 1,000 Food Lions on the East Coast, customers are asked to “voluntarily refrain” from bringing their guns with them.

“Food Lion complies with all federal, state and local laws regarding firearms in our stores. We always encourage our customers to be courteous and respectful to others when in our stores. We prefer for customers to voluntarily refrain from bringing firearms and other weapons into our stores,” Food Lion said. “However, we respect the rights of customers to carry firearms as allowed by law and we ask our customers to be respectful to others regardless of their views on this matter.”

Christopher Brand, a spokesman for Giant Food Stores LLC, said, “We respectfully request that customers not bring firearms in our stores even if permitted by applicable state and local laws.”

No. 15 Publix ($36.51 billion)

Headquarters: Lakeland, Fla.

Publix requests that customers not openly carry guns in its stores.

"Publix respectfully requests that only law enforcement officials openly carry firearms in our stores," Publix told Local 10 News in a statement.

No. 17 Aldi ($28.78 billion)

Headquarters: Batavia, Ill.

Aldi said on Sept. 9 that it asks customers to refrain from openly displaying guns in its stores.

“At ALDI, the safety of our employees, customers and the community is our highest priority. Alongside many other businesses, we are asking that our customers refrain from openly displaying firearms in any of our stores, except for authorized law enforcement personnel,” the company said in a statement.

No. 20 H-E-B Grocery ($24.02 billion)

Headquarters: San Antonio

H-E-B, a supermarket chain in Texas, allows customers to carry concealed handguns, but it has a decades-long policy prohibiting open carry. In 2015, the company began posting signs about its gun policy at its stores to comply with a state law.

“H-E-B has always allowed licensed customers to conceal carry handguns inside our stores. H-E-B does not allow the open carry of handguns or long guns on our property or in our stores due to our TABC alcohol permit,” spokeswoman Dya Campos said in an email. “This is a long standing policy for decades, nothing has changed.”

No. 25 Meijer ($17.69 billion)

Headquarters: Grand Rapids, Mich.

Meijer also announced on Sept. 9 that it requests customers not openly carry guns in its stores.

“The safety of our customers and team members is our top priority, so we respectfully request that our customers do not open carry firearms at Meijer. We’ve made this decision because open carry can create an environment that makes our customers and team members feel unsafe,” the company said in a statement.

No. 26 Starbucks ($17.41 billion)

Headquarters: Seattle

Starbucks requests customers not bring firearms into its stores. Former CEO Howard Schultz, who said Friday he is not running for president, made the announcement in 2013.

“Few topics in America generate a more polarized and emotional debate than guns. In recent months, Starbucks stores and our partners (employees) who work in our stores have been thrust unwillingly into the middle of this debate. That's why I am writing today with a respectful request that customers no longer bring firearms into our stores or outdoor seating areas,” Schultz wrote in a letter at the time.

Retailers with no gun restrictions

No. 16 TJX Companies ($29.59 billion)

Headquarters: Framingham, Mass.

TJX Companies, the parent company of TJ Maxx, Marshalls and HomeGoods, does not have a ban on carrying guns in its stores.

“We appreciate the seriousness of this issue and care deeply about the safety of our Associates and customers,” TJX told The Hill in a statement. “Associate and customer safety is, and always will be, a top priority. We do not sell firearms or ammunition in any of our stores and follow federal, state, and local laws regarding the carrying of firearms which we have done for many years.”

No. 19 Macy’s ($24.9 billion)

Headquarters: Cincinnati

Macy’s does not ban customers from bringing guns into its stores; instead, it leaves that decision to state and local jurisdictions or the shopping mall where the store is located.

“The safety and security of our customers and colleagues is Macy’s highest priority. We comply with all applicable state and local firearms laws and regulations, in addition to mall regulations,” a Macy’s spokesperson told The Hill.

Retailers that did not respond to questions about gun policies

No. 2 Amazon (stores)

No. 9 Lowe's

No. 11 Apple stores

No. 13 Best Buy

No. 14 McDonald’s

No. 18 Dollar General

No. 21. Dollar Tree

No. 22 Verizon

No. 23. Kohl’s

No. 24. Yum! Brands

No. 27 Ace Hardware

No. 28 Wakefern/Shoprite

No. 29. 7-Eleven

No. 30 AT&T

--This report was updated on Sept. 11 at 2:03 p.m.