The second major division came months later when Trump announced that the U.S. would recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. The controversial move reversed decades of U.S. foreign policy, which had up until that point deemed the city disputed territory between Israelis and Palestinians. But it also put the U.S. squarely at odds with its European partners, who rebuked the move and widely declined invitations to attend the embassy’s opening earlier this month (of the bloc’s 28 member states, just four sent their ambassadors).

Then there was Iran. In what has arguably been the greatest break in the the transatlantic alliance under the Trump administration, Washington announced earlier this month that the U.S. would withdraw from the Iran nuclear deal. Just as it had done ahead of Trump’s decision on the Paris accord and the steel and aluminum tariffs, the EU went to great lengths to try and convince Trump not to abandon the deal—even going so far as to dispatch France’s Macron, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, and British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson to Washington to make their case. Though unsuccessful, the EU reaffirmed it would fight to preserve the deal, even if it means doing so without Washington. It adopted a similar posture with regard to the Paris accord and Jerusalem.

While the U.S. and EU’s divisions over climate, foreign policy, and trade are not the sum total of their disagreements (Trump has also feuded with various EU countries over their response to terrorism and their NATO defense-spending contributions), it does mark an extraordinary trend. Despite their deep historical ties and their continued close cooperation on issues such as counterterrorism and security, the U.S. and the EU now find themselves on divergent paths—with one side careening towards “America First,” while the other continues toward “multilateralism.”

“To some extent the frictions and tensions in the transatlantic relationship resemble the kind of things that were voiced under the presidency of George W. Bush,” Marianne Schneider-Petsinger, a U.S. geoeconomics fellow at the London-based Chatham House, told me. “But it’s a different tone. Under Bush, the concern for the transatlantic relationship was an overreach of American power. Now, I see it more as a question about the future of U.S. engagement in the world and how it values alliances, particularly with its European partners.”

In response to this latest rift, the EU has said it would take the issue to the World Trade Organization and impose its own retaliatory tariffs, which target American goods from key U.S. congressional districts such as bourbon whiskey and Harley Davidson motorcycles. “Throughout these talks, the U.S. has sought to use the threat of trade restrictions as leverage to obtain concessions from the EU,” the bloc’s trade commissioner Cecilia Malmström said in a statement Thursday. “This is not the way we do business, and certainly not between longstanding partners, friends, and allies.”