QUESTIONS for the Interrogatories

By Rebekah Sutherland at becworks@gmail.com

Part One

Who funded the grants for the land development in the Colonies? What were the names, founding dates, and connections to the King of England by the original 13 colonies? Who owned the colonies Did each colony have its own form of government? Did the colonies have laws? Did Christopher Columbus discover and claim any of the original 13 colonies for Spain or Portugal? What is a Commodity Exchange? Did the colonies have connections to a Commodity Exchange in England? Does the word “plantation” mean a large farming enterprise? Did the King of England operate on his own as a free agent in the creation of the colonies? Did the Treaty of 1213 actually affect the ownership of the colonies? What did the Treaty of 1213 actually say?

Part Two

Who were the members of the Board of Trade? Were Jews allowed on the Board? Did the original 13 colonies have a court system? What were the types of jurisdiction assigned to the courts in the colonies? What is the legal meaning of the word “federal?” Did Commercial Contracts in the United States evolve from something else? Is there a difference between Government commerce and Private commerce in law? Do Admiralty courts still exist today? Why is there paper money, if the Constitution does not allow it? Did the British International Bankers have other names in history?

Part Three

Legally DEFINE: Contract, Charter, Compact and Constitution? Was the United States Constitution a charter, compact, constitution or contract? In legal terminology, is there a difference between “We, the People” and “We, the people?” In 1776, who was “We, the People” as is written on the U.S. Constitution? Why did the aristocrats meet in secret to discuss the constitution? Who actually wrote the Constitution? How did the Constitution protect The Crown’s investments in America? When did the United States come into existence? What were the terms of the Treaty of 1783? Who was the “most holy and undivided Trinity” that is mentioned in the declaration paragraph of the Treaty of 1783? What is the legal definition of the word “church”? What is the legal definition of the word “business”? Is the United States actually a church organization, an extension of the Vatican?

Part Four

Was the U.S. Constitution ‘ratified’ or ‘adopted’? What is the difference between “ratified” and “adopted” in legal terminology? Why did the wealthy aristocrats choose to adopt the compact called “the Constitution for the United States”, which was sent to them by the Vatican via the King of England on behalf of The Crown?

Part Five

What are the divisions of American Jurisprudence? What is the difference between Tort Law and Contract Law? What are the three main parts of a binding contractual agreement? Is there a legal difference between “signing” and “witnessing” a document? Was The United States Constitution “signed” or was it “witnessed?” Did the men who “witnessed” The United States Constitution participating in the beginning of a “con job” for the colonists which continues today?

Part Six

What are the legal jurisdictions mentioned by the United States Constitution and what is involved in each? Is there a difference between Admiralty Law and Maritime Law? How did Admiralty Law become the jurisdiction in the Federal Courts? How does one become financially entangled in the Admiralty Law system in the USA? What is Statutory Law? What happened in 1938 that revolutionized American jurisprudence? Why did the USA judges abandon Public Law and switch to Public Policy for decisions? For what are the international bankers waiting, if the nation is bankrupted?

Constitutional Consternation Part 1

by R.E. Sutherland, M.Ed./sciences

July 10, 2010

Presented to the Americans for Constitutional Government

Sugar Creek Club House – Annual picnic

DISCLAIMERS

1. This author loves government so much that she desires three branches of government; and all three operating in a check-and-balanced manner. I am pro-government when it protects the individual.

2. I am not an attorney, nor do I hand out legal advice. I am an American who was educated in the public school system, which taught “Ignorance of the law is no excuse.” Therefore, I have performed my duty, studied what is available to me, used whatever talents my Creator assigned to me, and the following are my observations based upon knowledge, which the federal government mandated that I develop on my own.

3. This author is not anti-Catholic, anti-Semitic, anti-Protestant, or anti-anything else. This author is Pro-Factual, Pro-Truth, and Pro-Freedom. Everything shared with you is open to your own investigation and interpretation. You are free to “believe” anything you wish.

4. This author is not interested in Conspiracy Theories. A conspiracy by definition must be (1) hidden and (2) illegal. Instead, this author is focused on items that have been written in the legal documents of Record and the legislation by which our freedoms have disappeared. This author is only interested in being extremely correct.

5. My work is not finished. It is entirely selfish. I have no hope, nor any reason, to expect others to accept what I am learning. Forgive me for saying this, but I do not care if you reject it. This investigation is for me. I do not wish to save the world; instead, I must save my own sanity. I must understand why things are happening which appear un-American. I am hunting. You are welcome to read the answers to my questions. I am compiling huge amounts of research into a streamlined format to increase cognitive comprehension and to enhance discussion for further research. My hope is that you will not place yourself in jeopardy to defend the Constitution.

INTRODUCTION

I am a scientist and a teacher with a love for investigative journalism. My love for research was first discovered while sitting on my living room floor surrounded by encyclopedias, magazines, and books, writing a health report in the fifth grade. The love for research is innate. The search for answers to the questions “why” and “how” have created an incredible journey for this soul, which appears to be leading right smack into the center of the prophetic Book of Revelations, the Mayan calendar, the I Chi, and most prophetic works through the ages.

I do not create an opinion, and then find facts to support it. Instead, I find facts, and they lead me to more questions. That is the Scientific Method. When facts are true, then they can be used to predict outcomes with accuracy. That is the only real proof of factual certainty.

PROLOGUE

FACT: The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance [TCD] was developed by Leon Festinger and published by Stanford University Press ( 1957) The theory says that the mind involuntarily rejects information that is not in line with previous thoughts/or actions. Festinger observed: “A person can deal with the pressure generated by changing the dissonance of the old behavior to harmonize with information. But if the person is committed to the old behavior and way of thinking, he simply rejects the new information.” That explains why so many Americans say, “I don’t believe it” when they are presented with new information, and why the Left-leaning agenda is able to brand thinkers as “conspiracy nuts” and “extremists.”

I apologize to many of you today, because you are going to learn things that rearrange the molecules of your brain. When things that we thought were true, are proven false, then it can be traumatic. Do not hide from new realities; instead, embrace them. Make a paradigm shift and go on. Individual responsibility for facts and truths leads one to freedom and independence.

INVESTIGATION

FACT: About 30 years ago, a team of men came together with the sole purpose of going back through the historical legal paperwork to find out why judges were rendering the decisions they were making. The documents and original books filled up a warehouse. Today, most of the team is dead. They were ridiculed for their discoveries, because they had tapped into the real power behind the government. Nonetheless, they discovered the Truth, and one of the team successfully implemented that Truth for himself. He is the only real free Man in the country. I interviewed him five hours and read his works. His knowledge when combined with the other research in my files, led to incredible disclosures and understanding about our government.

CONCLUSION: The United States of America has been locked into a Babylonian economic system the extends from the blend of pagan Emperor Constantine and the Roman Catholic Church in 382 A.D., which is under the control of the King of England, who is owned by the Vatican per the Treaty of 1213. In 1611, King James had the Bible translated into an official English version. King James happened to be the most powerful Freemason in history, because he ruled Scotland and England at the same time. In 1776, the rebellion in the colonies was halted and the aristocrats were placed into “checkmate” by the Vatican, whose message was delivered by the King’s agents. From that point until today, Americans have been taught a Myth about their own history, which holds them in slavery to the most powerful corporation on earth which resides in Rome, Italy. Americans have been deliberately kept ignorant of the Truth.

QUESTION: Is the United States Constitution in effect today?

FACT: President Bush II told the GOP leadership during a meeting about the Patriot Act in November of 2005: QUOTE:”Stop throwing the Constitution in my face! It’s just a goddamned piece of paper!”

FACT: Citizens feel like they are under siege from all branches of government. They must pay taxes and fees that consume over 50% of their earned wages. They formed the National Rifle Association and the Gun Owners of America to prevent the government from taking away firearms, which are supposedly protected under the Second Amendment in the Bill of Rights. There is an invasion from Mexico that is ignored by the federal level, yet it is constitutionally mandated to protect the borders.

QUESTION: Where are the Declaration of Independence and The United States Constitution physically located?

ANSWER: The Declaration of Independence is missing.

QUOTE: In the Woman’s Day magazine, July 7, 2009, there is a box entitled, “Independence Day by the Numbers” which states: “25 = Number of copies of the Declaration of Independence known to exist. (No originals with the famous signatures are known to remain.) END QUOTE

ANSWER: The original handwritten copy of The United States Constitution, according to the National Archives and records Administration, QUOTE: “ . .. Is on display at the National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C.” END QUOTE

QUESTION: Can Americans access all of their pubic documents?

ANSWER: No.

QUOTE: “2006 controversy over reclassification– In March 2006, it was revealed by the Archivist of the United States in a public hearing that a memorandum of understanding between Collins and various government agencies existed to ‘reclassify’, (i.e., withdraw from public access), certain documents in the name of national security, and to do so in a manner such that researchers would not be likely to discover the process. [SOURCE: gwu.edu (http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/news/20060411/index.htm) (2006-04-11)]

QUESTION: Was the entire creation of the United States of America a con job?

ANSWER: Yes.

QUOTE from Edmond Burke in March 22, 1775 with his Speech on Conciliation with America:

“. . . Let the colonies always keep the idea of their civil rights associated with your government–they will cling and grapple to you, and no force under heaven will be of power to tear them from their allegiance. But let it be once understood that your government may be one thing and their privileges another, that these two things may exist without any mutual relation–the cement is gone, the cohesion is loosened, and everything hastens to decay and dissolution. As long as you have the wisdom to keep the sovereign authority of this country as the sanctuary of liberty, the sacred temple consecrated to our common faith, wherever the chosen race and sons of England worship freedom, they will turn their faces toward you. The more they multiply, the more friends you will have, the more ardently they love liberty, the more perfect will be their obedience. Slavery they can have; they can have it from Spain; they may have it from Prussia. But until you become lost to all feeling of your true interest and your natural dignity, freedom they can have from none but you. This commodity of price, of which you have the monopoly. This is the true Act of Navigation, which binds to you the commerce of the colonies, and through them secures to you the wealth of the world. Deny them this participation of freedom, and you break that sole bond which originally made, and must still preserve, the unity of the empire. . . Let us get an American revenue as we have got an American empire. English privileges have made it all that it is; English privileges alone will make it all it can be.”

QUESTION: Is there legal evidence that the Constitution did not apply to the American people at large from the very beginning?

ANSWER: Yes.

QUOTE:

The Padleford Case

“But, indeed, no private person has a right to complain, by suit in Court, on the ground of a breach in the Constitution. The Constitution, it is true, is a compact, but he is not a party to it. States are the parties to it.

Padleford, Fay & Co. v. The Mayor & Aldermen of the City of Savanna, 14 Ga 438, 520, S.C. Georgia (1854)

Interrogatories about the Constitution and American Law

By R.E. Sutherland, M.Ed./sciences

Part One

OBJECTIVE: If you do not know where you came from, then you certainly cannot know where you are going. It is time to review history and pull together some of the lesser known facts for edification and purification of what America was, is and chooses to become. Seek the Truth, and then you will become aware of the shackles on your ankles and the blinders on your eyes.

NOTE: This author has chosen to use well known academic sources for the concepts commonly taught at the high school level. As the answers become more complicated, the more analytical and legal sources will be used. This is an attempt to keep a difficult subject as simple as possible.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

QUOTE: “The reason why [deception cannot be forced on an Individual] is because deception has to be first created, then conveyed, and then accepted by others – then only can deception succeed. Deception can only find fertility in a human mind to the extent that mind is receptive to it; similarly, in a sense, it actually takes two people to manufacture a successful lie: the first to utter the lie, and the second to accept it as such.” –1985, Invisible Contracts, by George Mercier.

1. Who funded the grants for the land development in the original 13 Colonies?

ANSWER: There were several entities involved in exploring America, but the King of England was the point of contact. Other countries said that they had claim to lands; however, they were not clever enough to get the paperwork straight, nor were they strong enough to defend their legal Claim; hence, they lost both the legal and physical battle for occupation of America.

2. What were the names, founding dates, and connections to the King of England by the original 13 colonies?

[SOURCE: World Book Encyclopedia (WBE)]

ANSWER:

1067-Virginia – Charter by King to the Virginia Company of London

1620-Massachusetts – Charter granted by the King to the Puritans

1623-New Hampshire – King appointed Council of New England for settlement

1624-New York – Charter by King to Duke of York

1622-Connecticut – Charter by King to John Winthrop

1634-Maryland – Charter by King to Lord Baltimore

1636-Rhode Island – King granted “Charter of Rhode Island & Providence Plantations”

1638-Delaware – Charter by King to Duke of York

1643-Pennsylvania – Grant by King to William Penn

1653-North Carolina – Grant by King to Sir Robert Heath

1660-New Jersey – Grant by King to Duke of York

1670-South Carolina – Grant by King to Eight “Lords Proprietors”

1733-Georgia – Grant by King to a Corporation entitled: “Trustees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia in America



3. Who owned the colonies?

ANSWER: The legal contracting documents for the colonies were of three types, but all of them were under the direction of the King of England:

(a) royal – under the direct control of the King

(b) proprietary-under the control of a Proprietor, an appointed by the King

(c) corporate-under a charter obtained from the King of England by a company with stockholders. [SOURCE: WBE]

4. Did each colony have its own form of government?

ANSWER: Each colony had a governor and a legislature; however, the King of England appointed the governor over the royal colonies. In proprietary colonies, the King appointed the Proprietor, who appointed the governor. In Connecticut and Rhode Island the people elected the governor; however, Connecticut was under the Fundamental Orders until it received a royal charter in 1662 and Rhode Island was under the English charter of 1663, which served as its constitution. [SOURCE: WBE]

5. Did the colonies have laws?

ANSWER: The laws that were passed by any of the colonial legislatures had to be approved by the English government. Governors appointed by the King had the responsibility of carrying out his orders. The King expected them to enforce the laws of England, especially acts of Parliament that regulated colonial trade. [SOURCE: WBE]

6. Did Christopher Columbus discover and claim any of the original 13 colonies for Spain or Portugal?

ANSWER: No. Columbus traveled around the areas of Jamaica, Costa Rica, Panama, etc. [SOURCE: WBE]

7. What is a Commodity Exchange?

ANSWER: “Commodity exchanges are voluntary trade associations. They are called organized markets, because all members must follow certain trading rules. All business, for example, must be conducted on the trading floor within certain hours. Rules set the commission (fee) that may be charged in a transaction, and the time within which payment must be made.” [SOURCE: WBE]

8. Did the colonies have connections to a Commodity Exchange in England?

ANSWER: Yes, It was called the Board of Trade (1621-1970)

QUOTE:

URL: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/

“The1621 Privy Council, directed by the King, ‘to take into their consideration, the true causes of the decay of trade and scarcity of coin within the Kingdom and to consult the means for the removing of these inconveniences.’ As a result a committee of inquiry was set up named ‘The Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Foreign Plantations’ (this is still the formal title of the ‘Board of Trade’) and this committee can be regarded as the germ of the Board of Trade.”

“Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, trade matters remained the responsibility of Privy Council Committees. In 1696 William III set up a body of eight paid Commissioners ‘for promoting the trade of our Kingdom and for inspecting and improving our plantations in America and elsewhere.’”

9. Does the word “plantation” mean a large farming enterprise?

ANSWER: No. The definition found in Burke on Conciliation of the Colonies stated, “Plantations–colonies; the plantings of a new society or race. The term is regularly so used in Acts and Charters, and has no reference whatever to cultivation of the soil.”

10. Did the King of England operate on his own as a free agent in the creation of the colonies?

ANSWER: No. The King of England was bound to the Treaty of 1213. The following brief history explains who was actually in charge of the colonies.

QUOTE:

[ INTRO: The King refused to accept Stephen Langton as the Archbishop of Canterbury by Pope Innocent III in 1208, and the King was excommunicated from the Catholic Church by the Pope for his disobedience to contractual agreements to the Crown. The Pope and the King owed money to the Crown bankers, so the Pope had to reign in a naughty King in order to avoid default to The Crown.]

“Faced with defeat by the forces aligned against him by the Vatican, King John ran for cover, and sought to regain the support of the Pope. He returned the title to his kingdoms of England and Ireland to the Pope, as vassals, swore submission and loyalty to him, accepted Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury, and offered the Pope a vassal’s bond of fealty and homage, an annual tribute of 1,000 marks (equivalent to a bit more than 666 pounds sterling) and the return of the Church property he had seized when he had rebelled against it.

“Two months later, in July 1213, King John was: absolved of excommunication, at Winchester, by the return Arch Bishop of Canterbury Langton.

“Three months later, on October 3, 1213, King John ratified his surrender of his kingdoms to the Pope, who by virtue of his position as Vicar of Christ claims ownership of everything and everyone, on earth in the tradition of the Nazarene-Communist supercapitalist superdictatorship that is true fundamentalist Christianity.

“On April 21, 1214, the Pope, in Rome, formally accepted King John’s surrender of his kingdoms and his pledge of vassal (together with the moneys paid in tribute); and three months later, in July 1214, Pope Innocent III raised the interdict against the English.

“Thus the Pope assured the English of ‘access to Heaven,’ from which they had been ‘barred’ by their king’s opposition to the church’s Nazarene, or Communist, totalitarianism and denial of civil rights to mankind.”

[SOURCE: British Museum Publication G. R. C. Davis, entitled Magna Carta (211), and American Counsel of Christian Laymen: How Red is The Federal Counsel of Churches.]

11. Did the Treaty of 1213 actually affect the ownership of the colonies?



ANSWER: The Vatican owned the colonies, but let the King serve as the manager for the enterprise. The Vatican was busy fighting Crusades and expanding The Kingdom.

12. What did the Treaty of 1213 actually say?

ANSWER: The original Treaty of 1213 is located in the London Archives and is available to Ph.D.s; however, a copy of a translation has been made available. It remains in power to this day. It states:

QUOTE: “The King’s Concessions of May 15, 1213 to the Pope–“We wish it to be known to all of you, through this our charter, furnished with our seal, that inasmuch as we had offended in many ways God and our mother the holy church, and in consequence are known to have very much needed the divine mercy, and can not offer anything worthy for making due satisfaction to God and to the church unless we humiliate ourselves and our kingdoms: we, wishing to humiliate ourselves for Him who humiliated Himself for us unto death, the grace of the Holy Spirit inspiring, not induced by force or compelled by fear, but of our own good and spontaneous will and by the common counsel of our barons, do offer and freely concede to God and His holy apostles Peter and Paul and to our mother the holy Roman church, and to our lord pope Innocent and to his Catholic successors, the whole kingdom of England and the whole kingdom Ireland, with all their rights and appurtenances, for the remission of our sins and of those of our whole race as well for the living as for the dead; and now receiving and holding them, as it were a vassal, from God and the Roman church, in the presence of that prudent man Pandulph, subdeacon and of the household of the lord pope Innocent, and his catholic successors and the Roman church, according to the form appended; and in the presence of the lord pope, if we shall be able to come before him, we shall do liege homage to him; binding our successors aid our heirs by our wife forever, in similar manner to perform fealty and show homage to him who shall be chief pontiff at that time, and to the Roman church without demur. Concessions of May 15, 1213 to the Pope.” [END QUOTE]

End of Part 1

Disclaimer: These interrogatories are not intended as legal advice, nor do they offer any political suggestions to the reader. All verification is left to the reader. The interrogatories by this author are an academic attempt to digest the evidence and instruction found in many sources, and especially in two books entitled: The Myth and The Reality; and A New History for America. The Informer has displayed tremendous intellectual fortitude with his serious scientific analysis of the evidence throughout written history of the events leading up to, during, and following the Revolutionary War. The conclusions are breath-taking upon the first reading, because the evidence demands huge paradigm shifts in knowledge structure and assumption. Americans have no idea who they really are on a global scale, how their Courts came into being, nor why they keep losing nonexistent “Rights.” Well, it is time to ask some very good questions and seek truthful answers. LEARN.

Interrogatories about the Constitution and American Law

By R.E. Sutherland, M.Ed./sciences

Part 2

OBJECTIVE: If you do not know where you came from, then you certainly cannot know where you are going. It is time to review history and pull together some of the lesser known facts for edification and purification of what America was, is and chooses to become. This is important.

13. Who were the members of the British Board of Trade?



ANSWER: The Board included agents of the King of England, members of the Privy Council (i.e., legislative bodies), and the Archbishop of Canterbury who represented the Church of England. [SOURCE: World Book Encyclopedia (WBE)]

14. Were Jews allowed on the Board of trade?

ANSWER: No. The Board refused to allow either the Lombards or the Jewish moneylenders onto their Board. They were segregated because their religious rules made them useful for the Board. The following quote is an excellent explanation.

QUOTE: The Federal Reserve Conspiracy and Rockefeller (1952)

By Emanuel Josephson

“Since commerce and money are the livelihoods of nations and their peoples, the control of money is the obvious key to the control of nations and the world. …Rome’s successor the Holy Roman Empire dissimulated its interest in money and its power. This was in accord with its professed tenets of Nazarene, theistic Communism.

“Under ecclesiastic Canon Law, even profits in business transactions were decreed to be the cardinal sin and capital offense of ‘usury’ As late as the sixteenth century, one hundred businessmen were burned at the stake in Geneva, as a penalty under Church law, for making profits in their business transactions. Title to all wealth , as well as to the person and lives of all the earth, are claimed by the Church, on the ground that their ownership is divinely vested in the Pope as the Vicar of Jesus Christ on earth.

“Thus theistic, Nazarene Communism, and the ‘modern’ religion that goes by the name of Communism and is supposedly atheist, both are basically supercapitalist and both mask their grab for money and wealth.

“Title to all wealth was vested in the Church and in its champion ‘knights,’ who at the same time assumed the role of so-called ‘protectors,’ much like the present day labor leaders of their vassals whom they mercilessly enslaved and looted.

“Both Churchmen and lay knights used the despised Jews for the conduct of their usurious financial operations, in order to avoid ‘sinning’ and the death penalty that it involved. The Jews proved very useful and handy for that purpose. Their use was justified by their ‘CHRISTIAN’ masters in a manner that they were taught by their faith was incontrovertible. Jews were damned and doomed by their faith and their failure to accept the divinity of Jesus and the perversion of His teachings by the Jewish merchant, Saul of Tarsus, alias St. Paul, opined the Churchmen; and therefore, it was ‘good work’ to hasten them to damnation.

“This they did by forcing their Jewish serfs to engage, as their pawns, in the ‘sin’ and ‘crime’ of ‘usury’ by which was meant the charging of interest as well as loan sharking and engaging in profitable commerce, for their Christian, ecclesiastical bosses.

“Often the Churchmen barred the Jews, by their orders and laws, from engaging in any other vocation than those to which the stigma of usury was attached, especially loan-sharking, as their agents. This was a particular advantageous set up for the Churchmen. For if the Jew was merciful and failed to extract from the victims everything that they possessed (i.e., the last drop of blood), he was burned at the stake as a ‘heretic.’

“On the other hand, if the Jew mercilessly followed orders of his priestly boss, was honest with his boss and amassed a fortune for him and for himself, there was nothing to bar his Christian master from exercising his cupidity and robbing his faithful loan-shark by charging him with the ‘sin’ of usury, confiscating the fortune he had made in his service, and with great hypocritic show of ‘piety,’ burn him at the stake—‘to ensure his salvation.’

“The victorious Lombard invaders of the Holy Roman Empire changed the financial situation in much the same manner as have the latter day Maffia extortioners and blackmailers. Seizing control of the Church, they gave themselves ‘dispensation’ to disregard the Canon Law on usury. They openly engaged in it from the very steps of the Vatican.

“Dispensation from the Canon on Usury was subsequently granted by the Vatican, in the 15th century, to the German Fuggers, the Rockefellers of that era. Their profits from commerce, usury and the sale of papal dispensations, as agents of the Vatican, grew rapidly, as did their ‘payoff’ to the church. They were heaped with Papal honors. Both their grasping greed and merciless loan-sharking earned for them distrust and terror. When one of their number was elevated to the rank of Cardinal, the Churchmen feared that the Fuggers would reach out and steal the Vatican itself. They then decided that their Jewish pawn were more completely at their mercy, more amenable and safer.

“Trusteeship of the fortune of one of the wealthiest Christian rulers of Europe, whose confidence had been earned by honest and trustworthy dealings during the Napoleonic wars, is the source of the wealth and influence that the Rothechilds acquired in the first decades of the 19th century.

“Subsequently, after making a large loan to the hard pressed Vatican, that no Christian would consider making, they became the fiscal agents of the Vatican, received Papal decorations and preferments, and enforced the policies dictated by the Church. It was largely in this sense that they were ‘international bankers.’ And the policies dictated by them were in effect the policies dictated by the Church. They enforced those policies through their establishments in many lands.

“An amusing story is told of the earliest relations of the Rothschilds with the Vatican. The Vatican found itself short of ready cash after almost half a century of war waged on it for the Jesuit Order by one of its unordained members, Adam Weishaupt, to avenge its abolition, in 1773, as ‘immoral and a menace to the Church and the Faith’ by short lived Pope Clement XIV in his Papal breve Dominus Ac Redemptor.

“Weishaupt and his fellow Jesuits cut off the income to the Vatican by launching and leading the French Revolution; by directing Napoleon’s conquest of Catholic Europe; by the revolt against the Church led by such priests as Father Hidalgo, in Mexico and Latin America; by eventually having napoleon throw Pope Pius Vii in jail at Avignon until he agreed, as the price for his release, to reestablish the Jesuit Order. This Jesuit war on the Vatican was terminated by the Congress of Vienna and by the secret, 1822 Treaty of Verona. . .

“The Rothschilds sought to extend their financial and political dominion to the United States, for themselves primarily to serve their Vatican masters. The Vatican’s interest in the U.S. Republic was clearly revealed in the Treaty of Verona, in which the Jesuit Order pledged itself, as the price of reestablishment, to destroy ‘the works of Satan’ that it had accomplished in setting up, by revolts, representative governments such as republics and so called ‘democracies.’

“Senator Robert Owen pointed out, in the Senate, that the prime target to which the Vatican and the ‘Holy Alliance’ directed the subversive and destructive activities of the Society of Jesus is the United States, [See Congressional Record, April 25, 1916], as well as other republics in the Western Hemisphere. This plot, he related, was the target at which the Monroe Doctrine was directed.

“The Rothschild-Vatican cabal unsuccessfully attempted to gain control over the power of the purse in the U.S. through the First and Second Bank of the United States. They were established under the emergency powers granted the President by the Constitution, as temporary institutions to tide the country through the periods of financial stress occasioned by the Revolutionary and 1812 Wars.” [END QUOTE]

15. Did the original 13 colonies have a court system?

ANSWER: Yes.



QUOTE: “Encyclopedia of American History – “in 1697 the British Board of Trade, under the Navigation Act, established vice-admiralty courts in all the colonies. These courts had jurisdiction over Trade, ordinary maritime cases as well as prize. It even granted jurisdiction by the Act of 1722 over infringements concerning timber. These Admiralty courts, set up under the Townshend Acts, centered final control in America.” [Source: The New History of America, by The Informer, page 4]

16. What were the types of jurisdiction assigned to the courts in the colonies?

ANSWER: Admiralty and maritime.

QUOTE: “Admiralty, by Benedict, 1850:

“Its necessary effect [the Act] was, however, to start the courts on that system of practice, and really to impose upon them, in admiralty and maritime cases, the civil law practice, as that under which they must continue to administer justice, even after the expiration of that act, until further provision could be made.”

“Section 105–The Purpose of the Constitutional Grant–The Essential Harmony of the Maritime Law. The grand purpose of the Constitution was to unify the several states , the whole people, in their national, international, and interstate relations and all other purposes were subordinate and ancillary to this.

“Section 123 – The commission to the Governor as Vice-Admiral was very full, granting, in language so clear that it cannot be misunderstood, an admiralty jurisdiction as wide and beneficial as the most zealous supporters of the English Admiralty ever claimed for it.”

17. What is the legal meaning of the word: “federal”?



ANSWER: The word “federal” simply put means “contract.”

QUOTES: From The American College Dictionary, 1947:

“Federal – 1. Of or pertaining to a compact or a league, esp. a league between nations or states.”

“Compact–an agreement between parties; a covenant; a contract.”

NOTE: The more modern dictionaries are missing the original definitions as the university professors began to reshape society by gradually changing the definitions of words our students learn and use.

18. Did Commercial Contracts in the United States evolve from something else?

ANSWER: Yes.

QUOTE from Section 065, “Invisible Contracts,” by George Mercier:

“Here in the United States, in a Commercial contract factual setting, the word ‘covenant’ is an Old English Law Merchant origin, and now means only a few clauses within a larger contract. . .”

19. Is there a difference between Government commerce and Private commerce in law?



ANSWER: Yes.

QUOTE from Section 387, “Invisible Contracts,” by George Mercier:

“Admiralty Jurisdiction is the KING’S COMMERCE of the High Seas . .. But as for that slice of Commerce going out on the High Seas without the King as a party, that Commerce is called Maritime Jurisdiction, and so Maritime is the private Commerce that transpires in a marine environment. At least, that distinction between Admiralty and Maritime is the way things once were, but no more.”

20. Do Admiralty courts still exist today?

ANSWER: Yes, it is the United States Federal Court system.

QUOTE:

“This is the type of court that exists today and why we cannot bring a pure Article of the Bill of Rights argument into a contract [i.e., federal] court of the Law-Merchant in their civil law. As Benedict states at Section 5,” . .. The civil law was held to be the law of admiralty, and the course of proceedings in admiralty, closely resembled the civil law practice.” All maritime revenue cases, whether State or United States, deals in contract. …

[Source: The New History of America, by The Informer, page 5.]

QUOTE from Section 049, “Invisible Contracts,” by George Mercier.

“In such administrative enforcement proceedings under grievances arising out of privileges and contracts that Congress created, Federal Judges are acting MINISTERIALLY as Legislative Court, functioning as an extension of the agency for the King, and not Judicially as an Article III Court acting like neutral and disinterested referees calling the shots as umpires between adversaries; and so some steps taken by the Judge acting MINISTERIALLY, to shorten the proceedings or otherwise silence the Defendant when irrelevant subject matter is being discussed, are largely non-reversible on appeal. In Northern Pipeline vs Marathon Pipe Line ]458 U.S. 50 (1982)], the Supreme Court ruled that Congress can create non-Article III LEGISLATIVE COURTS in three areas: Territorial Courts, Military Courts Martial, and in disputes involving privileges that Congress created in the first place [MARATHON, id., at pages 64 et seq.]. Participating in that closed private domain of King’s [government] Commerce is very much accepting and benefitting from a privilege created by Congress.

QUOTE:

“A case in admiralty does not, in fact, arise under the Constitution or Laws of the United States.”

American Ins. Co. V Canter, 1 Pet. 511, 545 (1828).

QUOTE: “We don’t use the word constitution in this court,” said the Aiken Federal Judge during a hearing for a Freedom of Information Act violation in the City of Aiken. This author was the Plaintiff, and was awarded damages for the failure of the city to give information per the FOIA, but no discussion about the constitutional merits of the case were allowed to be discussed..

21. The U.S. Constitution states in Article I, Section 8, “The Congress shall have Power . .. To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; . .. To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures”. So, why is there also paper money if it is not constitutional?



ANSWER: It all began in 1751 with the English Parliament.

QUOTE from Source: The New History of America, by The Informer, page 7:

“In March of 1751, the British Board of Trade presented Parliament with a Restraining Act, which barred the Colonies, by law, from issuing paper money and letters of Credit. This gave the King’s orders the validity of formal law. The Colonies didn’t buy it, for it destroyed their control of the trade. You see, there was no gold or silver being mined in America. They had to rely on gold and silver from other countries. England had most of the gold.

“On July 10, 1754, the Confederacy was born because of this, so they could issue paper money, only on their joint order. Ben Franklin had long advocated this.

“In March of 1775, the Pennsylvania Assembly borrowed money and issued bills of Credit without authorization of either King or Governor. The Board of Trade tried another ploy and said that Gold and Silver have intrinsic value, and therefore, should be used by the Colonies. Because of ‘them’ issuing ‘paper money’ it ‘ruins the Colonies,’ so said the Tories.

“Now get this people, Franklin replied to the contrary saying that paper money served as a medium of exchange and credit had made possible the growth of the Colonies and their trade. He told the Board of Trade that the Tories argued that the paper money issued by the colonies was a dilution of their control of wealth.

“This explains why the federal government is denied the power to issue currency other than coin or to set up or charter banks. But they do it under ‘emergency power.’ This is why the present day private Federal Reserve System, counterpart of the British Board of Trade, runs this country today.

“Now you know why the Crown initiated the coin only clause in the Constitution, so the private bankers could control the paper credit. Paper is NOT money.”

QUOTE from Section 390, “Invisible Contracts,’ by George Mercier:

“However, today in the United States, all Commercial contracts that private parties enter into with each other that are under Maritime Jurisdiction, are now also under Admiralty: Reason: the beneficial use and reticulation of Federal Reserve Notes makes the King [government] an automatic silent Equity third party to the arrangements.”

End of Part 2. To be continued …

Disclaimer: These interrogatories are not intended as legal advice, nor do they offer any political suggestions to the reader. All verification is left to the reader. The interrogatories by this author are an academic attempt to digest the evidence and instruction found in many sources, and especially in two books entitled: The Myth and The Reality; and A New History for America. The Informer has displayed tremendous intellectual fortitude with his serious scientific analysis of the evidence throughout written history of the events up to, during, and following the Revolutionary War. The conclusions are breath-taking upon the first reading, because the evidence demands huge paradigm shifts in knowledge structure and assumption. Americans have no idea who they really are on a global scale, how their Courts came into being, nor why they keep losing nonexistent “Rights.” Well, it is time to ask some very good questions and seek truthful answers. LEARN.

Interrogatories about the Constitution and American Law

By R.E. Sutherland, M.Ed./sciences

Part 3

OBJECTIVE: If you do not know where you came from, then you certainly cannot know where you are going. It is time to review history and pull together some of the lesser known facts for edification and purification of what America was, is and chooses to become. This is important.

22. What other names were given to the British International Bankers in history?

ANSWER: They were called Fruggers, Knights Templar, Gisors, Tuscans, etc., and today they are called The Crown. [The Myth and The Reality, by The Informer, Page 6]

23. Legally DEFINE: Contract, Charter, Compact and Constitution?

ANSWER:

Contract: “An agreement between two or more persons which creates an obligation to do or not to do a particular thing. . . A legal relationship consisting of the rights and duties of the contracting parties; a promise or set of promises constituting an agreement between the parties that gives each a legal duty to the other and also the right to seek a remedy for the breach of those duties. [Black’s Law Dictionary, 6th Edition]

Charter: “An instrument emanating from the sovereign power, in the nature of a grant, either to the whole nation, or to a class or portion of the people, to a corporation, or to a colony or dependency, assuring to them certain rights, liberties, or powers . .. A charter differs from a constitution, in that the former is granted by the sovereign, while the later is established by the people themselves. [Black’s Law Dictionary, 6th Edition]

Compact: “. . .A contract between parties, which creates obligations and rights capable of being enforced and contemplated as such between the parties, in their distinct and independent characters. . .” [Black’s Law Dictionary, 6th Edition]

Constitution: “ . . . A charter of government deriving its whole authority from the governed. The written instrument agreed upon by the people of the Union, or a particular states, . .. In a more general sense, any fundamental or important law or edict; as the Novel Constitutions of Justinian; the Constitutions of Clarendon.” [Black’s Law Dictionary, 6th Edition]

24. Was the United States Constitution a charter, compact, constitution or contract?

ANSWER: It was a compact between the Vatican, who controlled the King of England, and the aristocrats of the thirteen colonies. [The New History of America, by The Informer, Page 20]

QUOTE: John C. Calhoun, in 1831 said, “The Constitution of the United States is, in fact, a compact, to which each State is a party.” [SOURCE: The New History of America, by The Informer, page 20.]

QUOTE: Thomas Jefferson in 1789 stated, “To this compact each State acceded as a State, and is an integral party, its co-states forming, as to itself, the other party.”

QUOTE: “Patrick Henry said he was ‘no longer a Virginia, but an American.’ He did not say he was an American citizen, because the compact merged all confederate states as if one, and you couldn’t tell the difference.” [SOURCE: The New History of America, by The Informer, Page 20]

QUOTE: “United States is a place within America and it is not a country. Also, what you were not told were the framers signed the Constitution as witnesses only. In law, that is an impossibility to witness a document no one signed . . . The Constitution was not only never signed by anybody, but it was never delivered by anybody, or to anybody’s agent or attorney. It can therefore be of no more validity as a contract, than can any other instrument that was never signed or delivered . . . On general principles of law and reason, the oaths which these pretended agents of the people take ‘to support the Constitution,’ are of no validity or obligation. And why? For this, if for no other reason, viz., that they are given to nobody. There is no privity (as the lawyers say) –that is, no mutual recognition, consent, and agreement—between those who take these oaths, and any other persons.” [SOURCE: The Myth and The Reality, by The Informer, pages 10-13]

25. In legal terminology, is there a difference between “We, the People” and “We, the people?”

ANSWER: Yes. In the phrase, “We, the People” the capitalized word makes it a proper noun, which means that “the People” was a specific group (i.e., the aristocrats). In the phrase, “We, the people” the common noun indicates that the phrase refers to people in a general sense. [The Myth and The Reality, by The Informer, Pages 25-26]

26. In 1776, who was “We, the People” referring to in the U.S. Constitution?

ANSWER: The “People” referenced by the Constitution were the wealthy aristocrats. All of the men held Grants and Charters with the King. They owed him, as well as The Crown, interest on the credit extended to them for planting the new society. They profited very well from their exports all over the world. [The Myth and The Reality, by The Informer, Page 23]

QUOTE: Patrick Henry said, “ . .. But, Sir, give me leave to demand, what right had they to say, ‘We, the People? If the States be not the agents of this compact, it must be one great consolidated National Government of the people of all the states.” [SOURCE: The Myth and The Reality, by The Informer, page25.]

27. Why did the aristocrats meet in secret to discuss the Constitution?

ANSWER: The Founding Fathers were in very big trouble. They were wealthy men, who had credit with the King via The Crown. They owed contractual debts, which the King expected them to pay. The Crown fronted the money for the King’s enterprise, so the International Bankers would hold the King responsible for that debt, if the colonists refused to pay their debts. All were obligated to the King with written and signed contracts. The leaders in the colonies were held responsible for the rebellion (i.e., Revolutionary War). They were wealthy aristocrats, who also had large parcels of land, huge estates, and other revenue producing businesses back in the old country. The Vatican controlled King placed the wealthy aristocrats into a political ‘checkmate’. The King sent them a choice. They could lose everything they owned in Europe, or they could quietly go along with a form of government that would allow the King to manipulate the future, on behalf of The Crown, for profit, and the aristocrats would go along with a lie to the people, which was to tell them they won the war. The wealthy men chose to deceive the public. They were told to Witness their agreement on the compact document to pledge that they would cooperate with the King. The compact was called “The Constitution for the United States”, which is duly stated in paragraph number one of the document. [SOURCE: The Myth and The Reality, by The Informer, pages 22-24]

NOTICE the words “for the United, because these men did something on behalf of unsuspecting fellow countrymen. The public school system and elected officials have created a wonderful myth for us to believe about the derivation of the Constitution, but it was not an honorable meeting.

28. Who actually wrote the Constitution?

ANSWER: The Vatican along with The Crown drafted the constitution, and the King’s agents delivered it to the aristocrats in America for witnessing. [SOURCE: The Myth and The Reality, by The Informer, Pages 22-27.]

29. How did the Constitution protect The Crown’s investments in America?

ANSWER: Article VI of the Constitution states: “All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation. . . ”

30. When did the United States actually come into existence?

ANSWER: The website for the Central Intelligence Agency states: “Britain’s American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783.”

NOTICE: The USA was not official for seven years after the announced “victory” of the Revolutionary War.

31. What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris in 1783?

QUOTE:

The Ten Articles of the Treaty of 1783

Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration.

Preface. Declares the treaty to be “in the name of the most holy and undivided Trinity,” states the bona fides of the signatories, and declares the intention of both parties to “forget all past misunderstandings and differences” and “secure to both perpetual peace and harmony.”

1. Acknowledging the Thirteen Colonies to be free, sovereign and independent States, and that the British Crown and all heirs and successors relinquish claims to the Government, propriety, and territorial rights of the same, and every part thereof;[2]

2. Establishing the boundaries between the United States and British North America (for an account of two strange anomalies resulting from this part of the Treaty, based on inaccuracies in the Mitchell Map—see Northwest Angle and the Republic of Indian Stream);

3. Granting fishing rights to United States fishermen in the Grand Banks, off the coast of Newfoundland and in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence;

4. Recognizing the lawful contracted debts to be paid to creditors on either side;

5. The Congress of the Confederation will “earnestly recommend” to state legislatures to recognize the rightful owners of all confiscated lands “provide for the restitution of all estates, rights, and properties, which have been confiscated belonging to real British subjects [Loyalists]”;

6. United States will prevent future confiscations of the property of Loyalists;

7. Prisoners of war on both sides are to be released and all property left by the British army in the United States unmolested (including slaves);

8. Great Britain and the United States were each to be given perpetual access to the Mississippi River;

9. Territories captured by Americans subsequent to treaty will be returned without compensation;

10. Ratification of the treaty was to occur within six months from the signing by the contracting parties.

* Spain received East and West Florida under the separate Anglo-Spanish peace agreement

[SOURCE: Wikipedia.com]

32. Who was the “most holy and undivided Trinity” that is mentioned in the declaration paragraph of the Treaty of 1783?

ANSWER: The Vatican, the King of England, and The Crown (i.e., international bankers). [SOURCE: The Myth and The Reality, by The Informer, Page 100]

33. What is the legal definition of the word “church”?

ANSWER: A simple definition of church would be that it is a business.

QUOTE: “Church–In its most general sense, the religious society founded and established by Jesus Christ, to receive, preserve, and propagate His doctrines and ordinances. It may also mean a body of communicants gathered into church order; body or community of Christians, united under one form of government by the profession of the same faith and observance of the same ritual and ceremonies; place where persons regularly assemble for worship; congregation; organization for religious purposes; religious society or body; the clergy or officialdom of a religious body.” [Black’s Law Dictionary]

34. What is the legal definition of the word “business”?

QUOTE: “. . . Enterprise in which person engaged shows willingness to invest time and capital on future outcome. Doggett v Burnet, 62 App.D.C. 103, 65 F.2d 191, 194.” [Black’s Law Dictionary]

35. Is the United States actually a church organization, an extension of the Vatican?

ANSWER: Yes.

QUOTE: “If North Carolina is only a geographical place in America in which the State resides along with you, who is supreme? Is not the State a corporate religion? Is the Lord a religion? I think not. Are there many religions in the State? To be recognized as a religion do not those religions have to register with the IRS/FED/STATE team to get a 501c-3 exemption? This goes against what the “government” preaches, that being, church and State separation. Government drones are hypocrites, because to be a church you must be controlled by the very State that boasts that church and State must not mix. This is where logical minds do not prevail in the masses and they have no reasoning or common sense. Who then is the master, if the State will not recognize the religion, if not licensed? So one religion controls all others through license. Shades of merry ole England and the Crown that controlled all religions before the what, revolutionary war? But what if you are under another “church” called government? The Lord said he set His Church upon this Rock, meaning he set His GOVERNMENT upon this earth, NOT some church building or religion . . . you can see why the State is telling you that they can’t mix the Church (Government) of the Lord and the State’s government (church?). How fatuous to believe we are free people and can worship the Almighty and follow His laws without the Crown interfering; paying taxes to a rogue IRS that cannot be proven to be created by the legislature and which operates through fear, extortion, threats, killings, jailing, seizures, suicides and the like to keep everyone in bondage to pay a tribute to the elite integrationists using England as a front since it too went bankrupt before the United States did in 1861. . . [The New History of America, by The Informer, Pages 16-17]

End of Part 3. To be continued …

Disclaimer: These interrogatories are not intended as legal advice, nor do they offer any political suggestions to the reader. All verification is left to the reader. The interrogatories by this author are an academic attempt to digest the evidence and instruction found in many sources, and especially in two books entitled: The Myth and The Reality; and A New History for America. The Informer has displayed tremendous intellectual fortitude with his serious scientific analysis of the evidence throughout written history of the events up to, during, and following the Revolutionary War. The conclusions are breath-taking upon the first reading, because the evidence demands huge paradigm shifts in knowledge structure and assumption. Americans have no idea who they really are on a global scale, how their Courts came into being, nor why they keep losing nonexistent “Rights.” Well, it is time to ask some very good questions and seek truthful answers. LEARN.

Interrogatories about the Constitution and American Law

By R.E. Sutherland, M.Ed./sciences

Part 4

OBJECTIVE: If you do not know where you came from, then you certainly cannot know where you are going. It is time to review history and pull together some of the lesser known facts for edification and purification of what America was, is and chooses to become. Seek the Truth, and then you will become aware of the shackles on your ankles and the blinders on your eyes.

36. Was the U.S. Constitution “ratified” or “adopted”?

ANSWER: It was adopted.

QUOTE: [Preamble to the Bill of Rights – “THE Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution …”

37. What is the difference between “ratified” and “adopted” in legal terminology?

ANSWER:

“Adopt. To accept, appropriate, choose, or select. To make that one’s own (property or act) which was not so originally. To accept, consent to, and put into effective operation; as in the case of a constitution, constitutional amendment, ordinance, court rule, or by-law.”

“Ratify. To approve and sanction; to make valid; to confirm; to give sanction to. To authorize or otherwise approve, retroactively, an agreement or conduct either, expressly or by implication.”

[SOURCE: Black’s Law Dictionary]

38. Why did the wealthy aristocrats choose to adopt the compact called “The Constitution for the United States”, which was sent to them by the Vatican via the King of England on behalf of The Crown?

ANSWER: The King had the leaders of the colonies in a ‘checkmate.’ They owed him money.

QUOTE: “In March of 1775 the Pennsylvania Assembly borrowed money and issued bills of Credit without authorization of either King or [appointed] Governor.” [The New History of America by The Informer, Page 7]

QUOTE from Our Enemy the State, by Albert J. Nock:

“ . . . More than half the delegates to the constitutional convention in 1787 were either investors or speculators in the public funds. Probably sixty percent of the values represented by these securities were fictitious, and were so regarded even by their holders.

QUOTE from The New History of America, by The Informer, Pages 31-33:

“They also had many land holdings and businesses in Europe . . . Well, they won independence from the King until the King wanted all his money he invested in his British colonies, now called the confederate states. If the British Board of Trade was concerned in 1700 about losing wealth, then this was the time for them to take control of the situation. After all, paper money was being printed in just about every confederate state, thereby wiping out the Bank of England’s control of the wealth. The Treaty of 1606 still existed, (see James Montgomery’s work) so the King gave the ultimatum to the ‘men.’ . . .

“America had no navy to defend the waters. It was dependent on the trading with foreign countries of Europe using British trading ships. America was not yet self sufficient. The King knowing this said to the men, I will seize all your property and business in England, under escheat. I will run a blockade on the ocean and allow no trading to be carried on. I will have total control in the amount of time your stores run out due to lack of trade. They knew it was just a matter of time for this to happen, so, they agreed to cut a deal.

“This deal was to make the confederation appear to be very frail so they could draft up a compact. This compact would suck in all the states in which the states would be forbidden to use their own paper money. The corporate States, which you did not create, were bound to pay their debts in silver, Article 1, Section 10, Clause 1. But, it cannot extend to the people, they can use anything they want. Now you can understand a little better what I stated near the beginning about the British Board of Trade controlling the whole works. . . As Patrick Henry stated, are you starting to ‘Smell a Rat?’

“ Is it any wonder why the ‘We, the People’ rushed to seal the deal between the King and themselves, leaving us the little people in the dark? . . This would allow the British Board of Trade to use its international banking cartel to again control the trade through the use of its paper notes. In exchange the King would solidify, by two more treaties, under the compact/agreement of the new Constitution, his hold on his property in America. England was very near bankruptcy and had to hold onto its holdings in America. Being business men, the ‘We’s’ jumped at the offer and a ‘new constitution’ was formed. It was formed by “WE the People.” Was the We the People the 75% of the people in America? No! The “We the People” were only those that drafted the Constitution, therefore the need for the capital P in People. …

“So after all the smoke cleared the people had a new King and some vice-admirals called governors of each of the political subdivision. Those in power still ruled the 75% of the masses that didn’t give a darn.”

End of Part 4 . . . to be continued

Disclaimer: These interrogatories are not intended as legal advice, nor do they offer any political suggestions to the reader. All verification is left to the reader. The interrogatories by this author are an academic attempt to digest the evidence and instruction found in many sources, and especially in two books entitled: The Myth and The Reality; and A New History for America. The Informer has displayed tremendous intellectual fortitude with his serious scientific analysis of the evidence throughout written history of the events leading up to, during, and following the Revolutionary War. The conclusions are breath-taking upon the first reading, because the evidence demands huge paradigm shifts in knowledge structure and assumption. Americans have no idea who they really are on a global scale, how their Courts came into being, nor why they keep losing nonexistent “Rights.” Well, it is time to ask some very good questions and seek truthful answers. LEARN.

Interrogatories about the Constitution and American Law

By R.E. Sutherland, M.Ed./sciences

Part 5

OBJECTIVE: If you do not know where you came from, then you certainly cannot know where you are going. It is time to review history and pull together some of the lesser known facts for edification and purification of what America was, is and chooses to become. This is important.

39. What are the divisions of American Jurisprudence?

ANSWER: There are two major divisions: Tort Law and Contract Law. [Invisible Contracts, by George Mercier. Section 013.]

QUOTE: In Section 018, Invisible Contracts, by George Mercier states:

“In general terms, both American Jurisprudence and Nature that it is modeled after are divided into actions that fall generally under Tort Law and Contract Law.. . . For a presentation of the history of the bifurcation of Law into Tort and Contract going back into 1200 A.D., see C.H.S. Fifoot in HISTORY AND SOURCES OF THE COMMON LAW, TORT AND CONTRACT; [Stevens and Sons, London (1949)].

40. What is the difference between Tort Law and Contract Law?

QUOTE: In Sections 018-021 , Invisible Contracts, by George Mercier states:

“Very simply, Contract Law applies to govern a settlement of a grievance whenever a contract is in effect. This means that only certain types of very narrow arguments are allowed to be plead in Contract Law grievances, since only the content of the contract is of any relevance in the grievance settlement . . .”Commercial contracts are born, live and then die, in their own strata, without the Constitution offering any significant restrainment on Legislative intervention . . .In contrast . . . we have Tort Law. Think of Tort Law as being a Judgment Law to settle grievances between persons where there are damages, but without any contract in effect between the parties.”

EXAMPLES of Contract Law: (1) Securities law, (2) Estate Inheritance law, (3) Quasi-Contracts, etc.

EXAMPLES of Tort Law: (1) Civil Rights, (2) Wrongful Death, (3) Product Liability, (4) Aviation law, (5) Personal Injury, (6) Accident Recovery, (7) Professional Malpractice, (8) Unfair Competition, (9) Admiralty and Maritime Torts, (10) Fraud and Anti-Trust actions, etc.

QUOTE: Wigmore, Select Cases on the Law of Torts, page vii (1912 states:

“Never did a Name so obstruct a true understanding of the Thing. To such a plight has it brought us that a favorite mode of defining a Tort is to declare merely that it is not a Contract. As if a man were to define Chemistry by pointing out that it is not Physics or Mathematics.”

41. What are the three main parts of a binding contractual agreement?

ANSWER: The three parts of a binding contract are: Offer, Acceptance, and Consideration.

Explanation: (1) An Offer must be made to someone else, (2) .the Offer must be voluntarily Accepted, and (3) if both parties “voluntarily give, exchange, perform, or promise one another something of value, then you’ve got Consideration. [SOURCE: Law for Dummies, by John Ventura, JD, Page 16]

QUOTE: In Section 013 of, Invisible Contracts, by George Mercier states:

“ … A perfect, well-rounded contract requires not only a promise and a Consideration, but a participation by each party in both of these elements . . .” – Edward Bennett in Considerations Moving From Third Persons in 9 Harvard law Review 233, at 233 (1895).

QUOTE: In Section 001 of, Invisible Contracts, by George Mercier states:

“Whenever there is an exchange of benefits and there remains some lingering expectations of some duty between two parties, then an actual INVISIBLE CONTRACT is in effect . . . as it is said that the duty owed back to the party initially transferring the benefits is RECIPROCAL in nature.”