This survey was carried out August 22–28, 2019 with a representative sample of all Russian urban and rural residents. The sample comprised 1608 people age 18 or older from 137 localities in 50 regions of the Russian Federation. The survey was conducted as a personal interview in respondents’ homes. The answer distribution is presented as a percentage of the number of participants along with data from previous surveys.

The statistical error of these studies for a selection of 1600 people (with a probability of 0.95) does not exceed:

3.4% for indicators around 50%

2.9% for indicators around 25%/75%

2.0% for indicators around 10%/90%

1.5% for indicators around 5%/95%

All trends in the attitudes of Russians towards other countries are available in the indicators on the Levada Center website.

IN GENERAL, WHAT IS YOUR CURRENT ATTITUDE TOWARD THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA? (one answer)

Jan. 18 Mar. 18 May 18 Jul. 18 Sep. 18 Nov. 18 Feb. 19 May 19 Aug. 19 Very positive 2 1 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 Mostly positive 23 23 18 39 31 29 30 27 38 Mostly negative 32 38 40 28 33 32 29 32 25 Very negative 20 18 29 12 21 25 27 20 19 It is difficult to say 22 19 11 18 12 12 11 16 14

IN GENERAL, WHAT IS YOUR CURRENT ATTITUDE TOWARD THE EUROPEAN UNION? (one answer)

Jan. 18 Mar. 18 May 18 Jul. 18 Sep. 18 Nov. 18 Feb. 19 May 19 Aug. 19 Very positive 3 2 2 4 4 3 5 4 5 Mostly positive 29 25 26 38 35 33 37 33 45 Mostly negative 33 36 35 27 33 33 30 30 23 Very negative 13 17 20 11 13 16 15 14 11 It is difficult to say 22 21 18 20 15 15 13 19 17

GENERALLY, WHAT IS YOUR CURRENT ATTITUDE TOWARD GEORGIA? (one answer)

Jan. 18 Jul. 18 Aug. 19 Very positive 4 5 7 Mostly positive 48 41 42 Mostly negative 19 20 22 Very negative 5 11 13 It is difficult to say 23 23 16

GENERALLY, WHAT IS YOUR CURRENT ATTITUDE TOWARD GERMANY? (one answer)

Mar. 97 Sep. 00 Oct. 01 Oct. 02 Oct. 03 Nov. 04 May 08 Feb. 11 Nov. 15 Aug. 19 Very positive 13 13 12 13 13 15 7 13 8 8 Mostly positive 59 72 64 71 69 68 67 71 65 53 Mostly negative 14 5 9 7 8 10 12 7 14 18 Very negative 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 <1 3 7 It is difficult to say 10 9 13 7 9 5 12 9 10 14

IN GENERAL, DO YOU CONSIDER RUSSIA TO BE A EUROPEAN COUNTRY, OR IS RUSSIA NOT A EUROPEAN COUNTRY?

Aug. 08 Aug. 19 It’s a European country 52 37 It’s not a European country 36 55 It is difficult to say 12 8

DO YOU CONSIDER YOURSELF TO BE EUROPEAN? (one answer)

Aug. 08 Aug. 19 Definitely yes 10 12 Mostly yes 25 21 Mostly not 31 28 Definitely not 21 35

It is difficult to say 13 4

HOW WOULD YOU RATE THE CURRENT RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE US? (respondents were given a card with a list of answers and could choose only one)

Dec. 03 Oct. 05 Sep. 07 Sep. 09 Jan. 13 Mar. 14 Sep. 14 Oct. 15 Aug. 17 Aug. 19 Friendly 8 12 8 8 8 2 2 <1 2 2 Good, neighborly 16 9 7 11 7 4 1 1 4 2 Fair, calm 45 39 36 42 25 14 2 4 12 14 Cool 20 25 27 26 38 30 11 18 24 27 Tense 6 10 14 7 15 35 43 45 37 40 Hostile 1 2 3 2 2 12 39 29 16 11 It is difficult to say 6 3 5 4 5 4 3 3 5 5

HOW WOULD YOU RATE THE CURRENT RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE EU? (respondents were given a card with a list of answers and could choose only one)

Dec.

03 Oct.

05 Sep.

07 June

09 Feb. 12 Mar.

14 Sep.

14 Jan.

15 Oct.

15 Oct.

15 Aug.

17 Aug.

19 Friendly 6 8 5 5 3 3 1 <1 1 2 1 4 Good, neighborly 22 13 11 11 12 4 2 3 1 3 4 5 Fair, calm 49 44 45 42 43 25 3 5 7 15 15 26 Cool 9 20 21 24 20 31 25 21 32 44 32 33 Tense 1 4 7 9 11 27 50 41 42 28 33 22 Hostile 1 1 1 1 2 5 16 24 12 4 8 4 It is difficult to say 12 10 10 8 10 6 4 6 4 3 7 7

HOW WOULD YOU RATE THE CURRENT RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND GERMANY? (respondents were given a card with a list of answers and could choose only one)

Sep. 09 May. 15 Aug. 19 Friendly 9 3 7 Good, neighborly 24 6 7 Fair, calm 49 39 39 Cool 10 33 29 Tense 2 12 11 Hostile 1 2 1 It is difficult to say 5 7 6

Translated by Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (formerly Monterey Institute of International Studies).

The ANO Levada Center has been included in the registry of non-commercial organizations acting as foreign agents. Read the Director of the Levada Center’s statement of disagreement with this decision here.