WASHINGTON — The top Republican and Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee gave sharply conflicting views on Monday of their panel’s bipartisan investigation into Russian efforts to influence the presidential election, raising questions about whether they will be able to work together on the inquiry.

The committee’s chairman, Representative Devin Nunes, Republican of California, said that he had been briefed on the intelligence community’s assessment of the Russians and contended that there was no evidence anyone from the Trump campaign had communicated with the government in Moscow.

“We can’t have McCarthyism back in this place,” Mr. Nunes said at a news conference on Capitol Hill, referring to the congressional investigations in the 1950s into whether Americans were Communist spies. “We can’t have the government, the U.S. government or the Congress, legislative branch of government, chasing down American citizens, hauling them before the Congress as if there’s some secret Russian agent.”

Yet the committee’s ranking member, Representative Adam Schiff, Democrat of California, said that it was too early to rule out ties between Russia and President Trump’s associates, because the panel had not yet been provided with any evidence collected by intelligence and law enforcement agencies.