• Considered one of the greatest manmade arteries of commerce, the St. Lawrence Seaway connects the industrial heartland of North America and its 90 million residents (2003) to the Atlantic Ocean and foreign markets in the Middle East, Europe and Africa. It also links the Great Lakes together as far as Duluth, Minn. on Lake Superior -- a distance of 3776 kilometres from the Atlantic Ocean. It covers 245,750 square kilometres of navigable waters.



• The Seaway is one of the most crucial trade routes in the world, bringing several Great Lake metropolises (such as Chicago) closer to European markets than ports located on the Eastern seaboard (such as Boston). The Seaway provides an economical outlet for farmers in the west, and became a vital link for Canada's most important export crop -- grain. Vessels can load up at Thunder Bay and deliver to ports along the Great Lakes or sail directly overseas.



• The Seaway is connected by six canals (South Shore, Beauuharnois, Wiley-Dondero, Iroquois, Welland and St. Mary's Falls) and is comprised of 19 locks. All but two of the locks (Snell and Eisenhower located in Messina, N.Y.) are Canadian. The Welland Canal boasts the most locks with eight. It takes the average ship 45 minutes to pass through a lock.



• Because Lake Superior is higher than the Atlantic Ocean, artificial canals and locks had to be built to raise and lower ships. This marvel of modern engineering allows ships of all sizes to pass through the entire Great Lakes system via the Seaway.



• According to the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway System web site, the locks allow ships up to 225.5 metres in length and 23.8 metres in width to be raised via a beam more than 180 metres above sea level. Each lock measures 233.5 metres in length, 24.4 metres wide and 9.1 metres deep over the sill. It takes between seven to ten minutes to fill the lock with the 91 million litres of water required to lift the ships.



• Although the icebreaker D'Iberville made the first trip, the St. Lawrence Seaway did not "officially" open until June 26 when Queen Elizabeth II and U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower travelled through the St. Lambert lock on the Royal Yacht Britannia.



• On the eve of D'Iberville's voyage, the CBC's Kingsley Brown reported that, outside of shipping circles, there was little excitement over the opening of the Seaway. A railway dispute and Fidel Castro's Cuban revolution pushed the first day of Seaway traffic completely off the front pages. Most people were waiting for the Queen to "officially" open the Seaway in June.

Also on April 26:

• 1860: The Second Battalion, Volunteer Militia Rifles of Canada is formed from six independent militia units. It later becomes the Queen's Own Rifles of Canada, the oldest regiment in Canada's regular army.

• 1898: John Grierson, the founding head of the National Film Board of Canada, is born in Deanston, near Doune, Scotland.

• 2005: Five explorers, including Hugh Dale-Harris from Thunder Bay, reach the North Pole using huskies and wooden sleds. They made it in record time.