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Email You are free to share this article under the Attribution 4.0 International license. University Michigan State University

Political party polarization in the United States is even worse than most people think, according to a new study.

And since it doesn’t much matter which party is in charge, neither one can be said to shoulder the blame, says Zachary Neal, associate professor of psychology and global urban studies at Michigan State University.

“Today, we’ve hit the ceiling on polarization…”

“What I’ve found is that polarization has been steadily getting worse since the early 1970s,” says Neal.

“Today, we’ve hit the ceiling on polarization. At these levels, it will be difficult to make any progress on social or economic policies,” he says.

In one of the first studies to address polarization not only in terms of who works together, but also who doesn’t, Neal analyzed publicly available data on who sponsors bills in Congress from 1973 to 2016. He specifically looked at how often politicians from both sides of the aisle co-sponsor legislation.

The study, which appears in Social Networks, shows that although legislators introduce thousands of bills each year, the average representative or senator co-sponsors only about 200. And when they decide with whom to co-sponsor bills, they view nearly half of their colleagues as “the opposition.”

While it’s hard to imagine incivility among Democrats and Republicans getting worse, it likely will, Neal says, especially if one party barely holds the majority.

“…our democracy has reached a kind of stalemate.”

The Affordable Care Act is an example, Neal says. The Democrats held a slim majority—just enough to get the bill passed. Then the Republicans took control, again with a slim majority, and tried to repeal it.

“We’re seeing lots of animosity in politics,” he says. “Although bills do occasionally get passed, they don’t stick around long enough, or never get fully implemented, and therefore don’t have lasting impact. This kind of partisanship means that our democracy has reached a kind of stalemate.”

Electing more centrists to Congress could help, Neal says. But that’ll be tough because centrists often don’t appeal to American voters, who are increasingly polarized too.

“This study raises new questions about the future of Congressional politics,” he says. “In truth, the only thing that is bipartisan in Congress is the trend toward greater polarization.”

Source: Michigan State University