Introduction

1/ Equality Act 2010, c. 15 §13 and 19, http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents.

2/ See Cameron “Calls Time” on Labour’s Equality Impact Assessments, BBC News (Nov. 19, 2012), http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-20400747.

3/ Sarah-Marie Hall et al., Intersecting Inequalities: The Impact of Austerity on Black and Minority Ethnic Women in the UK, Women’s Budget Group & Runnymede Trust (2017), at 7, https://www.intersecting-inequalities.com/copy-of-report.

4/ The database is currently in beta mode and is available at https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/.

5/ See 629 Parl Deb HC (6th Ser.) (2017) col. 189 (UK), https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2017-10-10/debates/4BB04020-2D72-4BAB-BE01-B9424C4DA6F4/RaceDisparityAudit



6/ Department for Education, Ethnicity Facts and Figures (Oct. 10, 2017), https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/education-skills-and-training/absence-and-exclusions/pupil-exclusions/latest.

8/ See Department for Education, School Exclusions Review: Call for Evidence (Mar. 16, 2018),https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/school-exclusions-review-call-for-evidence.

9/ Degree Attainment Gaps, Equality Challenge Unit, https://www.ecu.ac.uk/guidance-resources/student-recruitment-retention-attainment/student-attainment/degree-attainment-gaps/ (last visited June 15, 2018).

10/ Distributional Results for the Impact of Tax and Welfare Reforms Between 2010-2017, Modelled in the 2021/2022 Tax Year, Equality & Human Rights Commission (2017), at 3, 7,https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/impact-of-tax-and-welfare-reforms-2010-2017-interim-report_0.pdf.

11/ How Fair is Britain? Equality, Human Rights and Good Relations in 2010, Equality & Human Rights Commission (2011), https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/how-fair-is-britain.pdf.

12/ Sarah-Marie Hall et al., Intersecting Inequalities: The Impact of Austerity on Black and Minority Ethnic Women in the UK, Women’s Budget Group & Runnymede Trust (2017), at 7, https://www.intersecting-inequalities.com/copy-of-report

13/ Small and Medium-Sized Charities After the Crash: What Happened and Why It Matters, Lloyds Bank Foundation, https://www.lloydsbankfoundation.org.uk/assets/uploads/LBF_Smallest%20Charities%20Hardest%20Hit_Executive_Summary_final.pdf (last visited June 15, 2018).

14/ See Amelia Hill, “Hostile Environment”: The Hardline Home Office Policy Tearing Families Apart, Guardian (Nov. 28, 2017), https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/nov/28/hostile-environment-the-hardline-home-office-policy-tearing-families-apart.

15/ Go Home: Mapping the Unfolding Controversy of Home Office Immigration Campaigns, University of Warwick (2015), at 3, https://mappingimmigrationcontroversy.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/end-of-project-findings-leaflet-final.pdf.

16/ Right to Rent Document Checks: A User Guide, Home Office (Dec. 2016), https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/573057/6_1193_HO_NH_Right-to-Rent-Guidance.pdf.

17/ Sarah-Marie Hall et al., Intersecting Inequalities: The Impact of Austerity on Black and Minority Ethnic Women in the UK, Women’s Budget Group & Runnymede Trust (2017), at 11, https://www.intersecting-inequalities.com/copy-of-report.

18/ Passport Please: The Impact of the Right to Rent Checks on Migrants and Ethnic Minorities in England, Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants (Feb. 2017), at 7, http://www.jcwi.org.uk/sites/default/files/2017-02/2017_02_13_JCWI%20Report_Passport%20Please.pdf.

19/ Id. at 5, 31.

20/ Id. at 71.

21/ Maurice Glélé-Ahanhanzo (Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance), Report Submitted Pursuant to Commission on Human Rights Resolutions 1993/20 and 1995/12, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1996/72/Add.4 (November 28, 1996), at 6 para. 24, https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G96/142/50/pdf/G9614250.pdf?OpenElement.

22/ HM Government, Revised Prevent Duty Guidance: For England and Wales (July 16, 2015), at 2 para. 7, www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/445977/3799_Revised_Prevent_Duty_Guidance__England_Wales_V2-Interactive.pdf.

23/ Maina Kiai (Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association), Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association on His Follow-Up Mission to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/35/28/Add.1 (June 8, 2017), at 4 para. 10, https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G17/158/29/PDF/G1715829.pdf?OpenElement.

24/ Individuals Referred to and Supported Through the PreventProgramme,- April 2016 to March 2017, Statistical Bulletin (Home Office, UK), (June 2018), at 4 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/694002/individuals-referred-supported-prevent-programme-apr2016-mar2017.pdf.

25/ The Lammy Review: An Independent Review into the Treatment of, and Outcomes for, Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Individuals in the Criminal Justice System (Sep. 2017), at 5, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/643001/lammy-review-final-report.pdf.

26/ Youth Justice Board, Youth Justice Statistics for England and Wales 2015/16, Statistics Bulletin (Ministry of Justice, UK) (Jan. 26, 2017), at 27 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/585897/youth-justice-statistics-2015-2016.pdf.

27/ The Lammy Review: An Independent Review into the Treatment of, and Outcomes for, Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Individuals in the Criminal Justice System (Sep. 2017), at 12, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/643001/lammy-review-final-report.pdf.

28/ See Youth Justice Board/Ministry of Justice, Youth Justice Statistics 2016/17 England and Wales, (2018), https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/676072/youth_justice_statistics_2016-17.pdf

29/ Trapped in the Matrix: Secrecy, Stigma, and Bias in the Met’s Gangs Database, Amnesty International (May 2018), at 1, https://www.amnesty.org.uk/files/2018-05/Inside%20the%20matrix.pdf?x_Q7G4ar5uHbWLAklmQ9NSuLFMzrwSyq.

30/ See Patrick Williams and Becky Clark, Dangerous Associations: Joint Enterprise, Gangs, and Racism, Centre for Crime & Justice Studies (Jan. 2016), http://www2.mmu.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/story/?id=4088 and https://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/sites/crimeandjustice.org.uk/files/KEY%20FINDINGS%20Dangerous%20Associations%20Joint%20Enterprise%2C%20gangs%20and%20racism.pdf.

31/ Ibid