The vast majority (91 percent) of U.S. ATMs are now EMV-capable, and fully 86 percent accept chip-on-chip transactions, according to new research from the ATM Industry Association.

This represents significant improvement from an estimated 19 percent at the beginning of 2016, and 58 percent at the beginning of 2017, the association said in a press release. The last of the ATM liability shifts for non-EMV card fraud went into effect in October 2017.

In its fourth and final EMV migration survey, ATMIA also polled respondents on other issues and challenges they face in a post-migration environment. At 10 and 11 percent, respectively, problems with EMV cards and EMV readers were lingering issues. However, previous issues with misrouted transactions seem to have mostly subsided.

"Every survey in this series has been quite informing," ATMIA U.S. executive director David Tente said in the release. "However, this one in particular demonstrates what an impressive job our industry has done — despite the technical challenges and other difficulties we have faced throughout the entire process."

The complete 2018 EMV Migration Survey Report is available for downloadby ATMIA members. Nonmembers may request a copyof the executive summary.