Scientific discovery is an engine of economic and military power, and America has long prided itself on its leadership in research. But as astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson points out in this video, there are some dark clouds on the horizon.

When you look at the trendline, Tyson says, scientific research in America is clearly in a state of decline compared to other regions, like Asia and Western Europe. "As everyone else understands the value of innovative investments in science and technology in ways that we do not," says Tyson, "we slowly fade."

The maps Tyson uses are from Worldmapper.org. The one that he says represents change from "2000 to 2010" actually depicts growth in scientific research from 1990 to 2001. Danny Dorling, professor of Human Geography at the University of Sheffield and part of the team that created Worldmapper, confirmed Tyson's error but said, "I think Neil's got it roughly right. He should just have said 'this is the trend to 2001 and it is not just likely it has continued, but it has probably accelerated.'"

Tyson's comments are from a talk he gave in May at the University of Washington entitled, "Adventures of an Astrophysicist." For a closer look at the maps he uses, see below.

The color-coded world map above can be used for reference when studying the maps below.

The map above represents territory sizes in proportion to the number of papers published in 2001 that were written by scientists living there. The number of scientific papers published by researchers living in America was more than three times greater than the number published in the second-highest-publishing country, Japan. For more information, including per capita data, see Worldmapper's PDF poster.

The map above represents the growth in scientific research between 1990 and 2001. Territory sizes are proportional to the increase in scientific papers by authors working in those countries in 2001 compared to 1990. If there was no increase during that period, the country has no area on the map.

Despite the fact that the United States had the most published research in 2001 and a net increase in research betwen 1990 and 2001, its size is smaller on the map because of a significantly greater growth rate by countries like Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, China and Germany. Although the data behind the maps are now a decade old, Dorling suggests that a current map might look similar. "If I had to guess," he said, "it would look worse for the USA given the massive cuts in funding in California to some of the major state Universities there."

You can find more on this map, including a printable PDF poster with per capita data by country, along with information on the sources and methodology behind its creation, by visiting Worldmapper.

Maps © Copyright SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan)