Climbing The Music Festival Ladder Tracking Artist Hierarchy One Row At A Time By Jordan Stovka



COLLEGE PARK, Maryland -- In June 2004, a then little-known rock duo called The Black Keys played an early Friday afternoon set on one of the smaller side stages at Bonnaroo, a not-so-prominent time slot at the long-running music festival that was then in its third year.

On the 2004 Bonnaroo promotional poster, big name acts like Bob Dylan and The Dead that scored prominent nighttime main stage spots that year appeared in large type at the very top. The Black Keys, however, were in extremely tiny type at the very bottom.



By 2011, The Black Keys were headlining Bonnaroo, with a prominent Saturday night main stage set and first-line billing on the promotional poster. In a Capital News Service analysis of three decades of lineup posters from four of the nation’s biggest music festivals -- Bonnaroo, Coachella, Lollapalooza and Firefly -- no band had bigger worst-to-first rise to prominence than The Black Keys.

SEARCH YOUR FAVORITE ARTIST, 2002-2018 Source: Capital News Service By Jordan Stovka | Capital News Service _______________________________________________

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The Man The Black Keys The Killers Bjork Eminem Jack White Nine Inch Nails Paul McCartney Pearl Jam Radiohead Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers The Cure Kings of Leon Mumford & Sons The Avett Brothers The Black Keys The Killers Young the Giant Manchester Orchestra 360 888 !!! ...And You Will Know Us By The Trail of Dead 10 Echo 120 Days 12th Planets 2 Chainz 21 Savage 22-20's 2ManyDJ's 38 all MTY 3Lau 4 B 6lack 9th Wonder A Boogie Wit Dat Hoodie a Great Big World A Perfect Circle A Place To Bury Strangers A Silent Film A Thousand Horses A Tribe Called Red A-Trak A$AP Ferg A$AP Rocky AA Bondy Aaron Lee Tasjan Aaron Nigel Smith Ab-Soul Abe Vigoda Abigail Washburn Above & Beyond AC Slater ACDC Acoustic Syndicate Action Bronson Adam Beyer & Ida Engberg Adam Freeland Adam Levine Addison Groove Project Adife O'Donavan Adrian Lux Adventure Club AER Aeroplane Aesop Rock AFI Afrocubism Afrojack Against Me! 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Jervy Hou Brian Jonestown Massacre Brick & Mortar Bridget Everett Bright Eyes Brillz Brite Lite Brite British Sea Power Bro Safari Brockhampton Brodinski Brohug Broken Bells Broken Social Scene Bronze Radio Return Broods Brooke Waggoner Brother Ali Brothers Osborne Brothers Past Brownout Presents Brown Sabbath Bruce Hornsby & The Noisemakers Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band Bruno Major Bruno Mars Bryan Ferry Bryson Tiller BT Buck 65 Buddy Buddy Guy Buffalo Springfield feat. Richie Furray, Stephen Stills, Neil Young, Rick Rosas, Joe Vitale Built To Spill Bully Buraka Som Sistema Burning Spear Burns Buscabulla Busta Rhymes Bustle In Your Hedgerow Busy P Butch Walker Buzzcocks By Lightning! C-Minus C2C Cadence Weapon Cafe Tacuba Caifanes Caitlin Rose Cajmere Cake Caked Up Cakes da Killa Calexico Calle 13 Calvin Harris Cam Camera Obscura Camila Cabello Campbell Brothers Capentar Brut Capital Cities Captain Kidd Car Seat Headrest Caravan Palace Carbon Airways Carbon/Silicon Cardi B Cardiknox Carey Off Caribou Carl Cox Carl Craig Carla Morrison Carly Rae Jepsen Carnage Carney Carolina Chocolate Drops Caroline Glaser Case Bloom and DJ of the Boom Bap Casey Crescenzo Cash Cash Cashmere Cat Caspa Cass McCombs Cassy Cat Harting Cat Power Catfish and the Bottlemen Cathedrals Caveman Caverns Cayucas Cedric Gervais Cee Lo Green Celebration Ceu Chairlift Chance the Rapper Chancellor Warhol Chappo Charles Bradley Charli XCX Charlie Hirsch Charlie Louvin Charlie Musselwhite Charliered Charlotte Cardin Charlotte Gainsbourg Chase and Status Chase Atlantic Chastity Brown Cheat Codes Cheerleader Cherry Glazerr Cherryholmes Cherub Chet Faker Chet Porter Chevy Chase Chicago Fashion Foundation Chicano Batman Chico Trujillo Chiddy Bang Childish Gambino Childish Major Chin Up Chin Up Chloe x Halle Chris Cruse Chris Lake Chris Liberator Chris Liebang Chris Malinchak Chris Robinson and the New Earth Mud Chris Stapleton Christabel and the Jons Christian Porter Christine and the Queens Christopher Denny Christopher Lawrence Chronixx Chuck Mead Chuckie CHVRCHES Cigarettes After Sex Cimeatic Orchestra Circa Survive Circa Waves Citizen Cope City and Colour City of the Sun Civil Twilight Cky Clairo Clap Your Hands Say Yeah Clapton IMMORTAL LIVE Clare & the Reasons Classixx Claude VonStroke Clean Bandit Cleopatrick Cleopold Client Liaison Clipse Clockwork Cloney Cloud Cult Cloud Nothings Clovers Cloves Clozee Club 75 Clutch Coasts Cobi CocoRosie Cody Simpson Coheed and Cambria COIN Col. Bruce Hampton & the Code Talkers Cold Cave Cold Fronts Coldcut Coldplay Cole Plante Coleman Hell Colette Colin Elmore & the Danville Train Colin MacLeod Colonel Claypool's Bucket of Bernie Brains Colony House Colour Revolt Comedians of Comedy Common Company Flow Company of Thieves Con Brio Connell Cruise Conner Youngblood Conor Oberst and the mystic valley band Conspirator Constantines Conway Corey Harper Corey Harris Corn mo Cornelius Cornershop Corrinne Bailey Rae Cosmic Suckerpunch Courrier Court Yard Hounds Courtney Barnett Courtship. COZZ Cracker Xavier Rudd Craig Baldo Crass Mammoth Craze Craze & Klever Crizzly Crookers Cross Canadian Ragweed Crowded House Cruiser CRX Crystal Castles Crystal Fighters Crywolf CSS Cuco Cults Curses Curtis Harding Cut Chemist Cut Copy Cymande Cymbals Eat Guitars CYN Cypher Clique Cypress Hill D-Pryde D:Fuse D'Angelo and the Vanguard Da Lata Dada Life Daft Punk Daidelus Daie Eskim0 Dakhabrakha Dale Earnhardt Jr. Jr. Dam-Funk Dam-Funk & Master Blazter Damian Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley Damian Lascarus Damian Marley & Nas Damien Rice Damon Albarn Dan Auerbach Dan Black Dan Croll Dan Deacon dan le sac vs. Scroobius Pip Dan the Automater Dan Zanes Dandy Warhols Danger Mouse Daniel Caesar Daniel Lanois' Black Dub Daniel Romano & The Trillums Daniel Tosh Danny Avila Danny Brown Danny Howells Danny Tenaglia Danny Weinkauf Danzig Legacy Daphne Dark Star Orchestra Darkside Darondo Darren Emerson Daryl Hall & Chromeo Das Racist Datarock Datsik Daughter Dave Attel Dave Barnes Dave Matthews Band Dave Rawlings Machine David Byrne David Byrne & St. Vincent David Cross David Ford David Grisman Quintet David Guetta David Vaundervelde Davide Squillance Davie Davy Knowles and Back Door Slam Dawes Dax Riggs Day Wave Daya Daye Jack DB De La Soul De Lux De Novo Dahl Dead & Company Dead Can Dance Deadboy & the Elephantmen Deadmau5 Deafheaven Deap Valley Dear and the Headlights Death Cab for Cutie Death From Above 1979 Death Grips Deathfix Debo Band Declan McKenna Deep Dark Woods Deep Dish Deer Tick Deerhoof Deerhunter Deftonese DeJ Loaf Delorean Delphic delSol Delta Rae Delta Spirit Denitia and Sene Denzel Curry Deorro Depeche Mode Derek Trucks & Susan Tedeschi's Soul Stew Revival Dermot Kennedy Derrick Carter Desaparecidos Descendants Desert Noises Desert Sessions deSoL Destroyer Destructo Detroit Love Dev Devendra Banhart Devo Devotchka Diamante Electrico Diane Birch Diarrhea Planet Die Antwoord Die Nachtigalen Dierks Bently Digable Planets Digitalism DIIV Dilated Peoples Dillinja & Lemon D Dillon Francis Dimitri from Paris Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike Dinosaur Jr. Dios Dios (Malos) Diplo Dirty Audio Dirty Dozen Brass Band Dirty Heads Dirty Projectors Dirty South Dirty Vegas Dirtyphonics Disclosure Dishwasher Blonde Dispatch Divine Fits Division of Laura Lee Dixie Dirt Dixon Dizzie Rascal Dizzy Wright DJ Ascension DJ Baba G DJ Bald Eagle DJ Dan DJ EZ DJ Falcon DJ Harvey DJ Heather DJ Hype DJ Icon DJ Irene DJ Jazzy Jeff DJ Keebz DJ Khaled DJ Koze DJ Krush DJ Lance Rock DJ Logic DJ Marky DJ Mel DJ Muggs Mashup Circus DJ Mustard DJ Nihal DJ Peretz DJ Prince Hakim DJ Sam Spiegel of NASA DJ Shadow DJ Snake DJ Taye DJ Zebo DJ Zinc Django Django DMAs Doc Martin Doc Watson Doctor P Does it Offend You, Yeah? Dog Blood Dom Dominic Minix Don Diablo Donald Cumming Donald Glaude Donavon Frankenreiter Donna the Buffalo Doomtree Dopapod Dorothy Dottie Peoples Doves Down Downtown Boys Downtown Club Dr. Dog Dr. Dre & Snoop Dogg Dr. John Dragonette Drake DRAM DREAMCAR Dreamers Dreams Dreamwife Dredg Drew Holcomb and the Neighbors DRGN King Drive Like Jehu Drive-By Truckers Droeloe Drop the Lime Dropkick Murphy's Drowners Drums & Tuba Dry the River Dua Lipa Dub Fx Dubfire Dubonscious Duck Sauce Duckwrth Dudu Tassa & the Kwaitis Duffy Dugas Duke Dumont Dum Dum Girls Dungeon Duran Duran Durand Jones & The Indications DVBBS Dwight Yoakam E. Feld Eagles of Death Metal Eagulls Earl Scruggs & Friends Earl Sweatshirt Earth Wind & Fire Echo and the Bunnymen Echosmith Ed Helm's Bluegrass Situation Eden Editors Edward Sharpe & the Magnetic Zeros EE Eels Eisley Ekali El Gran Silencio El-P Elbow Elbow Wheat Electric Eel Shock Electric Six Electric Touch Elefant Elel Eli "Paperboy" Reed & the Tree Lovers Eli & Fur Eliot Lipp Eliot Morris Eliza Doolittle Ella Jenkins Ella Vos Elle King Ellie Goulding Elliot Root Elliphant Elohim Elton John Elvis Costello Elvis Perkins in Dearland EMA Emicida Emili Sande Emilia Ali Emmylou Harris Empire of the Sun Empires Enter Shikari Ephwurd Epik High Erase Errata Eric Church Eric Prydz Erick Morillo Erol Alkan Erykah Badu Ethan Gruska Etienne De Crecy Eu Claire Eureka The Butcher Everything Everything Evil Nine Ex Hex Ex-Cops Excision Explosions in the Sky Eyedea and Abilities Ezra Furman Ezra Furman & the Harpoons Ezri F.Stokes F**K Buttons Factory Floor Fair to Midland Fairview Faith No More Faithless Falls Family of the Year Fanfarlo Fantomas Fatboy Slim Father John Misty Fatoumata Diawara Favourite Sons Fazerdaze FC Kahuna Fedde Le Grand Federico Aubele Feed Me Feist Felix da Housecat Felix Jaehn Femdot Femi Kuti Femi Kuti and the Positive Force Fences Ferras Ferry Corsten Fetty Wap Fever Ray Fiance Fickle Friends Fiction Plane Fidlar Fields Filibusta Finish Ticket fIREHOSE Firekid First Aid Kit Fischerspooner Fishbone Fistful of Mercy Fitz & the Tantrums Five Knives FKA Twigs Flatbush Zombies Fleet Foxes Fletcher Flight Facilities Flight of the Conchords Flint Eastwood Flogging Molly Floorplan Flor Florence & the Machine Flosstradamus Flotaing Points Flume Flux Capacitor Flux Pavilion Fly by Midnight Fly Golden Eagle Flying Lotus Foals Folk Implosion Foo Fighters Foreign Air Foreign Fields Forest for the Trees Forro in the Dark Foster the People Fountains of Wayne Four Tet Foxy Shazam Foxygen Frances Francis and the Lights Francisca Valenzuela Frank Ocean Frank Turner Frankie Franz Ferdinand Freddie Gibbs & Madlib Freddy Be Free Sol Freelance Whales French Montana Frenship Freya Ridings Friendly Fires Friendship Frightened Rabbit Frontier Ruckus Fruit Bats Fruition Fucked Up Full Service Party FUN Funkiest Dancer Fur Coat Fussible Future Future Islands Future Unlimited Futurebirds G Herbo G Jones G-Eazy G. Love G. Love & Special Sauce Gabba Gabba Heys Gabby La La feat. Les Claypool Gabe Dixon Band Gabriel & Dresden Gabriel Garzon-Montano Galactic Galactic Barbara Cue Galactic's Krewe De Carnivale Galantic Galantis Gallant Gang Gang Dance Gang of Four Ganja White Night Garage Atrois Garage Deluxe Gardens & Villa Gareth Emery Gary Clark Jr. Gary Numan Gashi Gayngs Gemini Club Generatoinals Generik Genghis Tron Geographer George Ezra George FitzGerald Gesaffelstein Getter Ghastly Ghost Ghost BC Ghost Beach Ghostface Killah Ghostland Observatory Giant Drag Gibbz Gil-Scott Heron Gilles Peterson Gillian Welch Giraffage Girl Talk Girlpool GIRLS Givers GLACK Glass Animals Glass Candy Glasser Glasvegas Glen Hansard Global Gypsy Punk Revue Curated by Eugene Hutz Gnarls Barkley Gnash GOAT Goddamn Comedy Jam Godspeed You! Black Emperor Gogol Bordello GoGoPenguin Gold Old War Goldfish Goldfrapp Goldlink Goldroom Gomez Goody Grace Gord Downie Gorgon City Gorillaz Goshfather & Jinco Gossip Gotan Project Gotye Gov't Mule Grace Mitchell Grace Potter Grace Potter & the Nocturnals Grace Weber Graffiti6 Gram Rabbit Gramatik Gran Bel Fisher Grand Ole Party Grand Torino Grandaddy Grandtheft Gratitude Graveyard Grayson Capps Great Good Fine Okay Green Day Green Velvet Greensky Bluegrass Greg Ginn and the Royal We Gregg Allman Gregory Alan Isakov Greta Van Fleet Grey Season Grimes Grinderman Griz Grizfolk Grizzly Bear Groove Armada Grouplove Grupo Fantasma Gryffin GTA Guards Gucci Mane Gui Boratto Guided by Voices Guns N Roses Guster Guy Gerber GWAR Gyspy Hands Tribal Belly Dancers Ha Ha Tonka Haale Hadogken HAELOS Haerts Haim Hala Kete Haley Reinhart Half Moon Run Halsey Hamilton Leithauser Handsome Ghost Hanggai Hannah Wants Hanni El Khatib Hans Zimmer Happiness Club Happy Mondays HARD-Fi Hardwell Harlem Harriet Brown Harrison Ivaz Hayden James Hayes Carll Hayley Kiyoko Haywyre He's My Brother She's My Sister Head Automatica Headhunterz Health Heartless Bastards Hector Quirko Band Helado Negro Helena Hello Seahorse! Henry Rollins Herbert Herbie Hancock's Headhunter's 2005 Here We Go Magic Hermitude Hernan Cattaneo Herobust Hey Champ Hey Marseilles Hey Rosetta! Hiatus Kaiyote Hierglyphics High and Mighty Brass Band High Class Elite High Contrast High Highes Highly Suspect Hill Country Review Hinds Hippie Sabotage Hippo Campus Hiss Golden Messenger HITO Hockey Hocona Holden Holiday Mountain Hollis Brown Holy F*ck Holy Ghost! Holychild Home Town Hero Honey Dijon honeyhoney Honeysuckle HONNE Horse Thief Hot Buttered Rum Hot Chip Hot Hot Heat Hot Natured Hot Rize Hot Since 82 Hot Tuns Hotel Garuda Houndmouth Housse de Racket How to Destroy Angels How to Dress Well Howie Day Hozier Hudson K Hudson Mohawke Hundred Handled Hundred Waters Hunter Hunted Huoratron Hurray for the Riff Raff Hurts Hybrid Hypnotic Brass Ensemble I-Nine I'm From Barcelona Ibeyi Ice Cube Iceage Icona Pop Ida Maria Idlewild Iggy & The Stooges Iggy Azalea Iglu & Hartly Ikebe Shakedown Illenium Illinois Ima Robot Imaginary Cities Imagine Dragons Imam Baildi Immortal Technique Imogen Heap In The Whale Incubus Infadels Infected Mushroom Infradig Infusion Ingrid Innanet James Innerpartysystem Interpol Into It. Over It. Inward Eye IO Echo Iron & Wine Iron and Wine Isaac Gracie Isis Islands Israel Vibration Ivan Neville's Dumpstaphunk J. Cole J. 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JJ Grey & Mofro Jo Jo & the Pinecones Joachim Garraud Joanna Newsom Jodie Manross Joe Pug Joey Bada$$ Joey Beltram John & Jacob John Beaver John Butler Trio John Digweed John Fogerty John Fullbright John Legend John Maus John McLaughlin and the 4th Dimension John Moreland John Newman John Paul White John Prine John Splithoff John Talabot John Walters John Yost Johnny Balik Johnny Fritz Johnny Marr Johnny Santos Johnnyswim Jojo and his Mojo Mardi Gras Band Jon Batiste and Stay Human Jon Bellion Jon Cleary & the Absolute Monster Gentlemen Jon Hopkins Jonah Smith Jonas Blue Jonathan Toubin Jonathan Wilson Jonsi Joris Voorn Jorja Smith Jose Gonzalez Joseph Joseph Arthur Joseph Capriati Josh Ritter Josh Wink Jospeh Joss Stone Jovanotti Joy Orbison Joyce Manor Joyryde Joywave Juana Molina Judah & the Lion Judd Apatow & Friends Jukebox the Ghost Julia Nunes Julian Casablancas Julietta Venegas Juliette & The Licks Julio Bashmore July Talk Jungle Jungle Alina Baraz Junior Boys Junior Brown Junior Senior Junip Junkie XL Jupiter's Ring Jurassic 5 Justice Justice Pharoahe Monch Justin Caruso Justin Jay's Fantastic Voyage Justin Martin Justin Roberts and the Not Ready For Naptime Players Justin Townes Earle K-Flay k-os K?D K'naan Kacey Musgraves Kaiser Chiefs Kaiydo Kaki King Kakikine Kaleo Kali Uchis Kamaiyah Kamasi Washington Kandace Springs Kaneholler Kansas Bible Company Kanye West Kap Slap Karen Elson Karl Denson's Tiny Universe Kasabian Kasbo Kaskade Kate Miller-Heidke Kate Nash Kathleen Edwards Katie Herzig Katie Melua Kausea Kavinsky Kawehi Kay-Z Kaytranada Kayzo KB Whirly Keane Keep Shelly in Athens Kehlani Keku Collins Kele Kelela Keller Williams Kendrick Lamar Kenny Rogers Keren Ann Kermit Ruffins & the Barbeque Swingers Kesha Kevin Abstract Kevin Devine Kevin Garrett Kevin Michael Kevin Morby Keys N Krates Kfratwerk Khaira Arby & Her Band Khalid Khari Mateen Khruangbin Kid Beyond Kid Color Kid Cudi Kid Koala Kids These Days Kiesza Kiiara Kill the Noise Kill Them With Colour Killer Mike Kimbra King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard King Khan & The Shrines King Krule King Sunny Ade Kingsize Kinky Kins Kishi Bashi Kiss Kiss Bang Bang Kite String Tangle Kittens Klangstof Klaxons KLU Knife Party Knox Fortune Knox Hamilton KOA Kodaline Kolsch Kongos Konomo No. 1 Kopecky Family Band Kosheen Kraftwerk Krewella Kris Kristofferson Krista Kristina Sky KRS One KSHMR Kungs Kurt Vile & the Violators Kuuro Kygo Kyle Dion Kyle Hall Kyle Thornton & the Company Kylesa Kyng La Riots La Roux La Santa Cecilia LA-33 Ladies Night Lady Gaga Lady Pills Lady Sovereign Ladytron Laid Back Luke Lake Street Dive Lake Trout Lamb of God Lana Del Rey Lance Herbstrong Lanco Langhorne Slim Lany Lapsley Lard Dog and the Band of Shy Larkin Poe Larry Cambell, Jackie Greene, Phil Lesh & Teresa Williams Las Ligas Menores Late of the Pier Laura Doherty Laura Marling Laura Mvula Laura Stevenson Laura Warshauer Lauren Lane Laurent Garnier Lauv LCD Soundsystem Le Butcherettes Le Chev Le Tigre Le1F Leagues Lee Burridge Lee Fields & the Expressions Lee Foss Lee Scratch Perry Leftfield Leftover Salmon Leisure Cruise Lemaitre Leon Leon Bridges Leonard Cohen Les Claypool Les Claypool's Frog Brigade Les Savy Fav Leslie Woods Lettuce Leven Kali Levon Helm & The Ramble on the Road Lewis Black & Friends Lewis Capaldi Lewis Del Mar Lez Zeppelin Liam Gallagher Lianne La Havas Liars Lido Lightning Bolt Lights Lil B Lil Dicky Lil Iffy Lil Pump Lil Rascals Brass Band Lil Uzi Vert Lil Wayne Lil Xan Lil Yachty Lily & the Parlour Tricks Lily Allen Lily Mae Lindsay Lowend Lindsey Stirling Linton Kwesi Johnson LION BABE Lionel Richie Lissie Little Boots Little Brother Little Comets Little Daylight Little Dragon Little Feat Little Green Cars Little May Little Miss Ann Little Red Lung Live Living Legends Living Things Liz Phair Lizzo LL Cool J Llana Lo Moon Local Natives Loco Dice Logic Lolawolf Lolla Girls London London Grammar London on da Track Lopez Lophiile Lord Huron Lorde Loretta Lynn Los Amigos Invisibles Los Angeles Azules Los Blenders Los Bunkers Los Campesinos! 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Mofro Mogwai Moi Molotov Mona Monarchy Mondo Cozmo Monsta Monster Truck Monstro Monte Montgomery Moon Boots Moon Taxi Moonshine Still Moose Blood Mor Elian Mord Fustang Morgan Page Morgan Saint Morgxn Morrissey Mos Def Black Jack Johnson Moses Sumney Moski Motel Radio Mother Mother Mothers Motion City Soundtrack Motion Potion Moton Pete Motor City Drum Ensemble Motorhead Mount Kimbi Mouse on Mars Moving Units Mr. Carmack Mr. Lif MRNORTH Ms Mr Ms. Lauryn Hill MSSL CMMND MSTRKRFT Mt. Eden Mt. 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The Black Keys The Killers Manchester Orchestra Eminem

Music festival posters -- densely packed with dozens of band names -- are often referred to as “Hipster Vision Tests.” Generally, big name acts appear in heavy type at the top, and lesser known groups are in smaller type at the bottom.



A person's musical knowledge can be inferred by how far down the poster he or she can confidently recognize artists. Someone who can go no further than Fleet Foxes on the fifth line of say, Coachella 2018, likely suffers from musical nearsightedness, whereas someone who recognizes Cherry Glazerr on line 20 of the same poster has near-perfect vision.



By gathering the information from the posters into a single, structured data set, CNS was able to explore how the musical festival lineups have changed and examine how the popularity of certain artists has evolved over time. Our analysis found that many once-unknown artists earned prominent spots only after releasing a breakout album, like The Black Keys.



The Akron, Ohio-based duo released their debut effort The Big Come Up in 2002—two years before their dead-last Bonnaroo slot—but didn’t reach Billboard popularity until Brothers’ “Tighten Up” peaked at #87 in January 2011, and El Camino’s “Lonely Boy” reached #64 that December. Later that year, they were Bonnaroo headliners.



Our analysis also uncovered a rarefied class of performers who have only played the festivals as headliners, instead of rising through the ranks. We also found many bands who play the festivals in non-prominent positions for years, without ever rising to a headlining spot. And we identified the bands who showed up over and over again. Leading the way were The Black Keys, with 15 total appearances in the data we analyzed -- Lollapalooza (1991-2018), Coachella(1999-2018), Bonnaroo(2002-2018) and Firefly (2012-2018).



We built a data set by creating an ordered list of artists for each festival in each year, working from top left to bottom right on the festival posters. Each festival had a different total number of artists. To account for the fact that each festival in each year had a different total number of artists, we adjusted the ranking to an “Artist Position Score” on a one to 100 scale. Like golf scores, lower is better.



Here’s what else we found:



Many Appearances Cage the Elephant entered the festival scene in 2007 near the hundredth spot at both Bonnaroo and Lollapalooza, two years before their debut self titled album was released, featuring the band’s most popular track to date “Ain’t No Rest For the Wicked.”



The group gradually worked their way up the festival ladder, most notably after the 2013 release of their fourth effort Melophobia with radio favorites “Cigarette Daydreams” and “Come A Little Closer.” So much so, that in 2014 all four festivals booked the group no lower than the 32nd slot.



Cage the Elephant, Cold War Kids and Portugal. The Man trail The Black Keys in most performances, tying with 13 performances each, while My Morning Jacket closes the top five leaderboard with 12 appearances.



Big Jumps Backed by charismatic frontman Brandon Flowers, The Killers released their iconic debut album Hot Fuss in June 2004—a month after playing at the bottom of Coachella’s lineup. The band’s most popular track “Mr. Brightside” kicked off on Billboard nearly a year later, earning a #12 spot on the Top 100 in May 2005. That same year, Lollapalooza booked the group at a 7.69 spot, and they’ve been headlining ever since. The Killers closely follow The Black Keys in terms of biggest jump.



Most recently, coming off their latest album release Wonderful Wonderful, The Killers headlined both Bonnaroo and Firefly this past summer at 1.35 and 4.4 spots respectively.

Sole Headliners Eminem is one of 13 elite artists who have solely headlined over the course of all their performances.



The rapper maintained a #1 ranking for all six of his appearances, having joined the festival scene in 2011 with a .96 Bonnaroo slot just after “Not Afraid” and “Love The Way You Lie” hit the Billboard 100 charts the previous year. Interestingly, he and Outkast are the only hip hop artists in that headlining category, with Outkast appearing half as many times, likely because the duo disbanded in 2006.



The full group of elites consist of The Red Hot Chili Peppers, Radiohead, Eminem, Jack White, Nine Inch Nails, Paul McCartney, Pearl Jam, Outkast, Bjork, The Cure, Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers, Metallica and Soundgarden.

