Fracture of a sapphire dome. Credit: NIST

Studying the fractures of industrially important materials such as ceramics and glasses provides important clues on why these materials can fail and how to make them more durable. The practice of "fractography," however, has been an underutilized science. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is working to change that.

NIST has released a new, expanded edition of the NIST Recommended Practice Guide, "Fractography of Ceramics and Glasses" (NIST Special Publication 960-16e2). First issued in 2007, the guide was developed to help engineers and scientists analyze the patterns in fractures of ceramics and glasses used for household items and other consumer goods, building materials, and medical devices and implants.

Since it was first published, "Fractography of Ceramics and Glasses" has been used in training courses and by members of industry for failure analysis, helping to improve production methods and product quality.

The new edition of the guide, which is 15 percent larger than its predecessor, includes 300 new illustrations and covers the state of the art in fractography, including descriptions of new documentary standards. The guide, with nearly 1,000 images, covers various topics including equipment (with updates on new microscopy techniques), patterns in glass and ceramic fractures (the "fingerprints" that make failure analysis possible), an expanded chapter on quantitative analysis of fractures, and composites—including new materials used in dentistry. Actual case studies help readers see how the guide is used in practice.

Mechanical engineer George Quinn, the author of both the original and expanded editions, joined NIST in 1990 to perform strength testing on ceramic materials. In collaboration with ASTM, an international standards organization, Quinn helped to develop two world-first ceramic strength tests. Since formally retiring from NIST in 2009, Quinn has continued to serve the organization as a research associate.

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More information: "Fractography of Ceramics and Glasses" may be accessed online: "Fractography of Ceramics and Glasses" may be accessed online: nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/spec … NIST.SP.960-16e2.pdf