TEL AVIV—Prosecutors here charged an Israeli teenager accused of making more than 2,000 threatening calls to Jewish institutions, schools, airports and airlines in the U.S. and elsewhere.

The 18-year-old, who is Jewish and has dual Israeli and American citizenship, was charged with thousands of counts of various crimes over the course of two years including extortion, carrying a weapon, assaulting a police officer, drug trafficking and money laundering. He is also charged with possession of obscene materials including child pornography, according to the indictment filed in a Tel Aviv court on Monday.

​The suspect​was named in the Israeli indictment​but the court barred publication​because some of his crimes were committed when he was under the age of 18. But a U.S. indictment on Friday of the same person on similar charges identified him as Michael Ron David Kadar.

A the time of his arrest, one of Mr. Kadar’s lawyers said he suffers from a nonmalignant brain tumor that affects his behavior. Another lawyer for the defendant on Monday referred questions to a spokesperson who said he would respond later to charges.

Israeli police arrested Mr. Kadar last month as part of a monthslong investigation that involved the FBI and other security agencies in the U.S., Europe and Australia.