Can Puget Sound be protected from oil spills? A sevenfold increase is expected in the number of oil-laden tankers plying the Salish Sea shipping lanes — jumping from five tankers a month to 34 when a Canadian pipeline is expanded to bring oil to the coast from Alberta. The fuel being shipped west through the waters shared by Canada and Washington state is known as diluted bitumen, or dilbit. Sometimes it behaves differently from more traditional petroleum products, sinking to the bottom instead of floating atop the water where some of it can be skimmed up. Legislators passed the Oil Spill Prevention Act, sponsored by Democratic Sen. Kevin Ranker, to strengthen protections for Puget Sound, hire state inspectors to check up on oil companies and, among other things, close a tax loophole for the 40 percent of oil that arrives to the state via pipeline. That money will significantly boost funding for the state Ecology Department to better prepare for oil spills.

“It’s not the slam dunk,” but the act “does pave the road to an ultimately bigger solution,” said an upbeat Fred Felleman, a Seattle port commissioner, Friends of the Earth consultant and a longtime watchdog on oil spills. Felleman likes that the act calls for a forum to examine how to better prevent oil spills — which is to be composed of Washingtonians and British Columbians drawn from a wider-than-typical cast of characters including tribes, environmental organizations and business, as well as government agencies. But Felleman hoped for quarterly or more frequent meetings, not the once-a-year meetings mandated by the new law. “Once a year is tokenism,” Felleman said. “That’s like a pat on the head: ‘Yes, we’ve met.’ To me, that’s really unfortunate,” especially since interested parties already meet annually.

The oil industry pointed out that it supported the tax increase to pay for more oil spill protections: “We have always supported a robust program to prevent, prepare for and respond to potential oil spills in Washington state,” said Jessica Spiegel, Northwest representative for the Western States Petroleum Association.

The destroyed salmon net pens at Cooke Aquaculture. (Photo by Liam Gallagher)

Say goodbye to Atlantic salmon fish farms. Motivated by the summertime escape of more than 230,000 farmed Atlantic salmon from Cooke Aquaculture’s collapsed net pen in the San Juan Islands, the Legislature voted to kick the industry out of the state. Specifically in HB 2957, lawmakers banned new leases for Atlantic salmon net-pen farming and forbade renewal of existing leases. Not giving up, Canada-based Cooke and the Washington Fish Growers Association called on Democratic Gov. Jay Inslee to veto the bill sponsored by retiring Rep. Kristine Lytton, a Democrat from Anacortes. The company is exploring “all our available options,” Joel Richardson, vice president of public relations, said in a prepared statement. Before the vote, he threatened mandatory arbitration under the North American Free Trade Agreement “to recover our confiscated investment, plus costs and lost profits” if the Legislature approved the ban. “We are deeply disappointed,” he said after the vote, adding that 600-plus rural Washington employees and their families depend on the firm for their livelihoods.

Will Washington tax greenhouse gas pollution? Legislators opted to leave it to voters to decide this fall whether Washington will combat global warming by imposing a “pollution fee” on greenhouse gas emissions. Inslee sought to make Washington the first state in the nation to pass a carbon tax, marking his sixth attempt to forge an economic policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. He got closer this time, but the bill died in the Senate. That’s not the end of the discussion, though. A citizens’ initiative is likely to appear on the November ballot seeking a “pollution fee” on large emitters of greenhouse gases. Proponents have until July 6 to turn in signatures from at least 259,622 registered voters.

Will Washington commit to stronger climate-protection targets? Not this year. A bill sponsored by Rep. Joe Fitzgibbon, a Democrat from Burien, aimed to tighten the state’s climate-pollution reduction targets to be consistent with the most recent assessment of climate change science. Examples: By 2035, the goal would be to reduce overall emissions in Washington state to 40 percent below 1990 levels, compared to a current goal of 25 percent. By 2050, there’d be an 80 percent reduction below 1990 levels versus a current goal of 50 percent. Those are similar to the national goals set under the Obama administration. Proponents saw a need to set strong long-term goals to be consistent with current science and to align with efforts of other industrialized nations. Arguing that the goals are symbolic and create litigation exposure for the state, Mary Catherine McAleer of Association of Washington Business testified against the bill at a Senate committee hearing, and said there are no tools necessary to meet the goals. Upshot? The House passed the bill (HB 1144) along party lines and it made it to the Senate floor calendar, but time ran out. “I'm told that it had the votes to pass,” Fitzgibbon said via email, “so I was very disappointed that the Senate did not get to it in time to pass it.”

“All in all, it was not a good session for climate legislation,” he added. “I am hopeful that future legislatures with bigger Democratic majorities will be able to pass more meaningful climate policy than this year's did.”

Orcas near Sequim. (Photo by Terri Stewart via Flickr)

Save the whales? Not this year, as far as the Legislature is concerned — although Inslee quickly issued an executive order this week. Here’s the story: Legislation by Sen. Ranker of Orcas Island sought to create the Orca Protection Act. It would have beefed up enforcement against harassment of killer whales, making it illegal to fly aircraft or a drone within 200 yards of orcas, for example. It called for looking into what to do about the impacts from the noise of boat motors, which confuse orcas’ crucial echolocation skills, among other effects. The bill (SB 5886) died — but Inslee on Wednesday signed an executive order to create an orca recovery task force and call for immediate action by various state agencies before concrete deadlines.

Examples: By April 30, state recreational and commercial fishing regulations must be reviewed and changed, as needed, to prioritize protecting key areas and fish runs for southern resident orcas, the ones that frequent Puget Sound but are starving due to a lack of the only food they eat — Chinook salmon. April 30 also is the deadline to come up with a proposal to alter fish food in fish hatcheries to limit the amount of dangerous chemicals called polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, found in orcas’ prey; the toxic chemicals contribute to the orcas’ decline.

The governor also called for a plan to enforce Chinook fisheries regulations in areas frequented by orcas, as well as a plan to enforce vessel regulations, both due April 30. By May 31, the Washington State Department of Transportation must come up with strategies for quieting state ferries in areas most important to resident killer whales.

“This is a critical challenge of our time and we have some tough choices ahead on our watch,” said Chris Wilke, executive director of the Puget Soundkeeper Alliance, who applauded Inslee’s move, though he recognized that it’s largely another study with some funding thrown in to better track orcas.

Natural resources — good news and bad news. First, the bad news: Washington state expects to bring in an extra $1.3 billion in revenue through 2021 in existing taxes, so guess how much of that windfall is pegged for natural resources agencies? Answer: $25 million, says Tom Bugert, state legislative director for The Nature Conservancy in Washington state, who calls the figure a “disappointment.” Forests need help. Case in point: The state Department of Natural Resources’ Forest Health Program — which aims to thin forests that have grown overcrowded as people over the last century fought fires that would have produced a more natural pattern — sought legislative aid. They asked legislators for $1.9 million with a goal of treating 1.25 million acres over the next 20 years. Experts say about twice as much forest needs to be thinned over the same period to reduce the risk of catastrophic wildfires. Legislators OK'd about $500,000. “It’s not nothing,” Bugert notes.

Now, the good news: Overall this legislative session, “we saw a real focus on a lot of natural resource priorities,” Bugert says. The capital budget unleashed $766 million for natural resources priorities that included reducing flood risks and helping ensure reliable water supplies. “It was a huge conservation success story. I think that’s something we can’t celebrate enough,” Bugert said.

Development versus salmon. Bipartisan agreement early in the session was widely hailed for resolving a dispute over water availability that had prevented thousands of rural landowners from building on their property. However, environmentalists and Indian tribes condemned the legislation (SB 6091) as a sellout to development interests. A Washington Supreme Court ruling in a case known as the Hirst decision held that county governments were responsible for ensuring that water withdrawn to support new development does not imperil salmon and other fish and aquatic creatures by making streams run low, which can kill fish.

The Building Industry Association of Washington lauded the legislation, saying it “will ensure homebuilders can get back to building in rural areas that rely on household wells, and will help the people of Washington in keeping housing affordable.”

But the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission said, “the State Legislature and Gov. Jay Inslee are writing a bad check on our limited water supply at the cost of salmon, future generations and holders of senior water rights.” Tribes hold the senior water rights. The Center for Environmental Law and Policy, the leading environmental watchdog on Washington water law, said on the day of the law’s passage: “Special interests including the building industry and real estate agents pressured the Legislature to ignore the science and ‘fix’ the decision so that rural sprawl could continue unimpeded. Today, Legislative Democrats gave in to that pressure.”

Protecting fish and shorelines. Environmentalists, tribes and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife have long called for the agency to be able to issue fines for unpermitted construction in state waters, which can harm fish and other aquatic life. Under the state’s Hydraulic Permit Approval program, which was adopted in 1943, the agency can fine builders up to $100 a day, which critics — including the department — say builders view as merely the cost of doing business. The agency can take violators to court, but that means convincing local prosecutors to file charges, usually a difficult sell. Rep. Fitzgibbon of Burien sought to give the department the authority to issue stop-work orders and fines of up to $10,000. But the measure was opposed by builders and other business interests. The bill (HB 2337) got a hearing in the House Agriculture & Natural Resources Committee but went nowhere after that.

Robert McClure contributed to this report.

This story is part of InvestigateWest’s Statehouse News Project, a crowdfunded effort to provide independent reporting on environmental issues being considered by the 2018 Washington Legislature.