Most Americans — 54 percent — give the president negative marks for his handling of the outbreak in this country and offer mixed reviews for the federal government as a whole. By contrast, 72 percent of Americans give positive ratings to the governors of their states for the way they have dealt with the crisis, with workers also rating their employers positively.

Partisan allegiances shape perceptions of when it will be safe to have gatherings of 10 or more people and of the president’s performance during the pandemic. But governors win praise across the political spectrum for their leadership, which has sometimes put them sharply at odds with Trump and his administration.

Personal health concerns are widespread, with 57 percent saying they are “very” or “somewhat” worried about becoming infected and seriously ill from the coronavirus, including at least 40 percent of people in every major demographic and political group. For those most concerned — particularly Republicans — the fear is enough to override partisanship when it comes to the safety of public gatherings.

Disruptions caused by the coronavirus outbreak continue to ripple through households across the nation, with businesses and schools closed and most Americans being urged to stay at home. About 7 in 10 adults, and more women than men, say the pandemic has been a source of stress in their lives. Half of all adults say the crisis has produced financial hardship for themselves or members of their family.

Those results are almost identical to findings from a Post-ABC News survey a month ago and a more recent CNN poll that focused on financial hardship.

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The latest Post-U. Md. poll finds that about 1 in 3 Americans are concerned about their household being able to pay bills over the next month, while a similar percentage are worried about affording food and basic household items. Some 48 percent of Hispanics are concerned about affording food or other basic items, as are 39 percent of blacks and 23 percent of whites.

“I found those numbers alarming,” said Michael Hanmer, a professor of government and politics at the University of Maryland who co-directed the survey. “There’s a big gap between whites and nonwhites for financial hardship and particularly when you get into paying the bills.”

A rapidly growing share of Americans have personal connections to the outbreak’s victims. The poll finds that 26 percent of adults know someone who has been diagnosed with the coronavirus, up sharply from 11 percent in mid- to late March. Today, 14 percent report knowing someone who has been hospitalized because of the virus, while 9 percent know someone who has died of it.

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The nationwide survey among a random sample of 1,013 adults was conducted during a week when demonstrators in multiple states protested stay-at-home orders and restrictions on business activity, and were encouraged by Trump’s tweets to “LIBERATE” Minnesota, Michigan and Virginia, where demonstrations were held.

Yet in contrast to that overt pressure to reopen the country, the poll finds that a clear majority of Americans expect that social distancing practices will be necessary until at least the beginning of the summer.

Asked when they expect the outbreak to be controlled enough that people can safely attend gatherings of 10 or more people, just 10 percent predict that such gatherings will be safe by the end of April or earlier, while 21 percent expect them to be safe by the end of May. More than twice as many — 65 percent — say it may take until the end of June or later for people to safely gather in groups of 10 or more.

Partisans divide on this question, with 77 percent of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents saying they expect that public gatherings won’t be safe until the end of June or later, compared with 51 percent of Republicans and Republican leaners who say the same. Yet Republicans split depending on personal health concerns.

Among Republicans and Republican-leaning independents who are less worried about becoming infected and seriously ill from the coronavirus, 60 percent expect public gatherings to be safe by the end of May or earlier. But among Republicans who are at least somewhat concerned about becoming seriously sick, 66 percent say this will take until the end of June, not far from the share of all Democrats who anticipate such a delay.

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Americans are also pessimistic about how quickly the economy will recover after the outbreak is under control. A 63 percent majority expect that the economy will recover slowly, while 37 percent think it will bounce back quickly. Trump has predicted a rapid recovery once businesses reopen, and his optimism is shared by 55 percent of Republicans. Most independents and Democrats expect a slow recovery.

In the meantime, Americans are actively taking part in measures meant to stem the spread of the virus. Most — 65 percent — report wearing a mask or a face covering when leaving home in the past week. Another 17 percent say they did not leave home at all. Democrats are more likely than Republicans to say they had worn a mask or not left home at all.

The poll was conducted by The Washington Post and the University of Maryland’s Center for Democracy and Civic Engagement. Interviews were conducted April 14-19 among a random national sample of 1,013 adults, 69 percent of whom were reached on cellphones and 31 percent on landlines. Overall results have a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3.5 percentage points.