We thank U. Vijayraghavan for providing pUN and pUGN vectors; S. Kappu, Z. Liechty and C. Santos-Medellín for advice and help with flow cytometry and sequence analysis; B. Van Bockern for rice transformations; and B. Nguyen and A. Yalda for technical assistance, including genotyping and transplantation. This research was supported by research grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (IOS-1547760) and the Innovative Genomics Institute to V.S., NSF grant IOS-1810468 to B.Y., National Institutes of Health grant 1S10OD010786-01to the University of California-Davis Genome Center, and by the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Experiment Station (project number CA-D-XXX-6973-H). R.M. acknowledges support from the LabEx Saclay Plant Sciences-SPS (ANR-10-LABX-0040-SPS) to the Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin.

Reviewer information

Nature thanks T. Dresselhaus and the other anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.