San Francisco—The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) today released a comprehensive report that identifies and explains the hidden technical methods and business practices companies use to collect and track our personal information from the minute we turn on our devices each day.



Published on Cyber Monday, when millions of consumers are shopping online, “Behind the One-Way Mirror” takes a deep dive into the technology of corporate surveillance. The report uncovers and exposes the myriad techniques—invisible pixel images, browser fingerprinting, social widgets, mobile tracking, and face recognition—companies employ to collect information about who we are, what we like, where we go, and who our friends are. Amazon, Facebook, Google, Twitter, and hundreds of lesser known and hidden data brokers, advertisers, and marketers drive data collection and tracking across the web.



“The purpose of this paper is to demystify tracking by focusing on the fundamentals of how and why it works and explain the scope of the problem. We hope the report will educate and mobilize journalists, policy makers, and concerned consumers to find ways to disrupt the status quo and better protect our privacy,” said Bennett Cyphers, EFF staff technologist and report author.



“Behind the One-Way Mirror” focuses on third-party tracking, which is often not obvious or visible to users. Webpages contain embedded images and invisible codes that come from entities other than the website owner. Most websites contain dozens of these bugs that go on to record and track your browsing, activity, purchases, and clicks. Mobile apps are equally rife with tracking code which can relay app activity, physical location, and financial data to unknown entities.



With this information companies create behavioral profiles that can reveal our political affiliation, religious beliefs, sexual identity and activity, race and ethnicity, education level, income bracket, purchasing habits, and physical and mental health. The report shows how relentless data collection and profile building fuels the digital advertising industry that targets users with invasive ads and puts our privacy at risk.



“Today online shoppers will see web pages, ads, and their social media feeds. What they won’t see are trackers controlled by tech companies, data brokers, and advertisers that are secretly taking notes on everything they do,” said Cyphers. “Dominant companies like Facebook can deputize smaller publishers into installing its tracking code, so it can track individuals who don’t even use Facebook.”

"Behind the One-Way Mirror" offers tips for users to fight back against online tracking by installing EFF’s tracker-blocker extension Privacy Badger in their browser and changing phone settings. Online tracking is hard to avoid, but there are steps users can take to seriously cut back on the amount of data that trackers can collect and share.



“Privacy is often framed as a matter of personal responsibility, but a huge portion of the data in circulation isn’t shared willingly—it’s collected surreptitiously and with impunity. Most third-party data collection in the U.S. is unregulated,” said Cyphers. “The first step in fixing the problem is to shine a light, as this report does, on the invasive third-party tracking that, online and offline, has lurked for too long in the shadows.”

For the report:

https://www.eff.org/wp/behind-the-one-way-mirror



For more on behavioral tracking:

https://www.eff.org/issues/online-behavioral-tracking