Adel Berwari, a Kurdish member of the security and defense committee in Parliament, blamed Al Qaeda in Mesopotamia for the attacks, as well as other extremists trying to sow chaos after recent improvements in security. None of the bombings were suicide attacks, which have been a signature of Al Qaeda in Mesopotamia, a homegrown Sunni extremist group with some foreign leadership.

“It is an attempt to sabotage what has been achieved by the Iraqi government,” he told Al Iraqiya, the government television network.

A prominent Shiite legislator, Abbas al-Bayati, suggested a link between the violence and members of the Sunni Awakening movement, made up of former insurgents who joined with American and Iraqi forces beginning in 2006. A simmering dispute over pay for the Awakening members and the arrest of an Awakening leader last month in the Fadhil neighborhood of Baghdad led to clashes between the group and Iraqi forces. He also blamed remnants of Saddam Hussein’s Baath Party for the violence.

Monday’s bombings occurred three days before the April 9 anniversary of the fall of Baghdad in 2003, a day those who remain loyal to the Baath Party view as the beginning of a struggle against foreign occupation. Also, Tuesday is the anniversary of the party’s founding in Iraq.

“The Baath Party, as an organization, is weak here in Iraq, and this party may take some advantage of the violence, but they do not have the ability to affect the situation,” Mr. Bayati said.

Shortly after the first attack, another bomb in a parked car exploded in what appeared to be an assassination attempt against a convoy carrying an Interior Ministry official. The official, identified by the ministry only as Brigadier Sadoon, escaped injury, but a guard and a bystander were killed and four others were wounded, the ministry said.

Still another car bomb exploded in a market in Husseiniya, a suburb northeast of Baghdad, killing 4 and wounding 20. Two other bombings struck in Um al-Maalif, in the southern section of the city. At least 12 died and more than 25 were wounded in those blasts. The first struck a market, the second a clinic nearby.