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In the late 1800s, after what must have been a pretty hilarious week in Asia, a man called L.L. Zamenhof realized that a single language that was straightforward and culturally neutral could serve as a middle ground for speakers from all over the world, facilitating greater understanding among foreigners and even helping to spread peace. The language he invented to do this was called Esperanto, and it remains to this day the most widely spoken constructed language in the world. Estimates range from a few hundred thousand up to 2 million people capable of speaking it, primarily in Europe and Eastern Asia, which means that unlike some of the other languages on this list, there are enough native speakers of Esperanto to form an actual culture and create original works in it, including books, poetry, and music.

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Their limericks are known for being filthy in a culturally unbiased way.

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It is, however, primarily an "auxiliary" language meant to serve as people's second language; very few people speak Esperanto in place of all other languages. You'll also perhaps notice that you don't speak Esperanto, and that the world is still filled with misunderstanding and unpeace. Although a couple million is pretty impressive, it's far, far from universal, and it points to kind of a flaw in the very idea of auxiliary languages. The reason most people learn a new language is because they need to communicate with someone who speaks or writes that language. If your company's sending you to its branch office in Japan or Europe or whatever, you're probably going to need to learn Japanese or Europese or whatever. And because no one knows Esperanto exclusively, if you need to communicate with an Esperanto speaker, you could always learn their "real" language instead. There is some evidence that people who learn Esperanto are more capable of learning additional languages, but that seems like a lot of extra effort to go to.