RIYADH—Saudi King Abdullah is turning out to be the most prominent foreign supporter of Egypt's military generals in their armed push against Egypt's Islamic movement, sending field hospitals and words of support over the weekend for what he called Egypt's fight against "terrorism and extremism."

The Egyptian military's crackdown, part of violence that Egyptian authorities said has killed roughly 1,000 people since Wednesday, also appears to have revealed a new split between Saudi Arabia and its close ally, the U.S.

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