By the time Laura Delano was 25, she was taking five psychiatric drugs: an anti-depressant, an anti-psychotic, two mood stabilizers and an anti-anxiety medication.

But after years entrenched in the mental health system, and defined by her psychiatric diagnoses, Laura finally got off the medications and, as she says, began "recovering from psychiatry."

For background: Laura grew up in a wealthy Connecticut suburb in a family of high achievers. She was a nationally ranked squash player and student body president. But in her teen years, life got more complicated as she struggled with questions about her own identity.

Laura Delano weaned herself off psychiatric drugs and says she shed her identity as a “professional mental patient.” (Courtesy)

She felt burdened by social and academic expectations, and started to act out. She cut herself as a way to "control" her out-of-control world, and was ultimately sent to a psychiatrist by her parents. At 14, she was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and prescribed powerful psychiatric drugs, including the mood stabilizer Depakote and Prozac.

The medication side effects led to additional problems and “symptoms,” which in turn led to more medications, Laura says, and she began to lose herself. She felt defined by the diagnoses she continued to collect: bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, substance abuse disorder and binge eating disorder.

Laura's early 20s were marked by multiple psychiatric hospitalizations and ultimately a suicide attempt. Her only identity was a self-described "professional mental patient."

But then things began to change.

Over five years ago, Laura weaned herself off psychiatric drugs and shed her diagnostic labels. For her, this has been a spiritual journey involving the cultivation of self-acceptance, self-love and honesty. “It is the hardest thing I have ever done,” says Laura, now 32. But she feels happier, more connected and more engaged in the world. Here's a bit more from our interview:

"When you are told that your brain is broken — basically the seat of your soul, your mind, the part of you that shapes everything about who you are — when you're taught to believe that that's broken, and that you can't trust yourself, you can't trust your emotions, you can't trust your mind, I mean it instills in you just a profound fear. Over all these years I developed this relationship of faith in the mental health system and no faith in myself, and tremendous fear of myself. And so unpacking that has been at the heart of this whole journey, realizing, 'Wait a minute...If I'm not broken and if the struggles I've gone through aren't symptoms of an illness, what are they? Maybe they are actually important and meaningful...maybe they are telling me something.' I began to listen to my pain, and to listen to my darkness and it [has] brought me back to this spiritual journey which I think was beginning way back when I was thirteen... Who am I? How do I fit into this world? What are the stories I have been taught to believe about how you're meant to live your life, and what it means to be normal and worthy and acceptable..."

Personally, I'm moved by Laura’s story. As a practicing internist, I often rely on psychiatric diagnoses and medications. In my clinical practice, I have seen psychiatric medications reduce suffering and save lives. But it's been useful to step back and reconsider my filter on these issues.

From day one of medical training, we are taught to fit our patients into neat diagnostic categories whenever possible. The goal of our patient interactions, we learn, is to sift through and distill all that we see and hear in order to home in on a diagnosis. This categorization can be helpful in directing our care, of course, but it can also be limiting, and even dangerous. Rarely does a diagnosis fit perfectly, yet all too often in our culture one’s diagnosis becomes indistinguishable from one’s identity.

Labels have power. With mental illness, diagnostic criteria are particularly difficult to define and identify. Truthfully, our current understanding of the brain and the biochemistry behind mental illness is limited. There are no clear markers to measure and quantify. Instead, we must rely on subjective interpretation of behavior.

And yet, psychiatric labels abound. It is estimated that one in four adults, or approximately 61.5 million individuals, and one in five teens between the ages of 13 and 18, meet criteria for a diagnosis of mental illness within a given year.

Laura says that the medical establishment often miscategorizes healthy struggling as pathology, and that this is especially true in adolescence, when some degree of acting out is to be expected. She believes this is what happened to her.

Today, more than 20 percent of Americans regularly take psychotropic medications — chemical substances that alter brain chemistry and function, and ultimately emotions and behavior. In 2010, sale of such medications amounted to more than $70 billion in the U.S., and prescription rates continue to climb for both children and adults.

Again, our scientific understanding of how these medications work is shockingly poor. It involves a soup of neurotransmitters — serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine — but we haven’t nailed down the exact mechanisms of action.

Can we really say with complete confidence that mental illness is primarily the cause of chemical imbalance in the brain? I don’t think so. Not yet anyway.

Moreover, the list of negative side effects of these medications is sometimes overwhelming — weight gain, cognitive impairment, drowsiness, dry mouth, higher rates of diabetes, increased suicidality, sexual dysfunction, to name a few — and studies suggest that long term use of such substances may actually lead to increased disability over time.

Most concerning of all is the increasing and often “off-label” (i.e., not FDA approved) use of such medications in children. For instance, the number of children receiving atypical, or second generation, anti-psychotics doubled between 2001 and 2010. Disturbingly, children on Medicaid are four times more likely to receive these drugs than kids with private insurance. What are we doing to these developing brains? Again, we really don’t know.

I am not suggesting that all psychiatric diagnoses are wrong, or that everyone on psychiatric drugs should stop taking them. Even Laura says that it would be dangerous to stop taking these drugs abruptly, without a lot of planning, personal reflection and supports in place. I still believe that psychiatric drugs can be helpful at times, and I will continue to prescribe them, but I will do so less frequently and with more awareness and caution.

All of us, and doctors in particular, need to look closely at our assumptions and ask questions about our current understanding of these drugs and their potential risks and benefits. Laura’s story has reminded me of this. Every patient is unique, and there is still so much we don’t know.

Annie Brewster, M.D., is founder and executive director of Health Story Collaborative, a nonprofit in Boston. She also produces stories for CommonHealth.