The bill, would put a $10,000-a-year cap on deductions for state and property taxes, a provision that will particularly hit high-tax states like California and New York. It also caps the deduction for mortgage interest at $750,000, a provision that would hit states with high housing costs — like, again, California and New York.

Mr. McCarthy has been responsible for rounding up support for the bill, and has aggressively lobbied for support from the other 13 California Republicans. The majority leader, in a statement over the weekend, disputed Mr. Brown’s criticisms, saying this bill was central to Republican efforts to cut federal taxes.

“But in California, taxes continue to go up as we saw with the most recent gas tax,” Mr. McCarthy said, referring to a gas tax increase pushed through by Democrats. “This hurts working Californians — especially in the Central Valley.”

“Just as Congress is acting to lower taxes and increase wages to help American families get ahead, I hope to work with the governor to reduce the tax burden that Sacramento has imposed on us in the state,” he said.