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This document describes the media codec, container, and network protocol support provided by the Android platform.

As an application developer, you can use any media codec that is available on any Android-powered device, including those provided by the Android platform and those that are device-specific. However, it is a best practice to use media encoding profiles that are device- agnostic.

The tables below describe the media format support built into the Android platform. Codecs that are not guaranteed to be available on all Android platform versions are noted in parentheses, for example: (Android 3.0+). Note that any given mobile device might support other formats or file types that are not listed in the table.

Section 5 of the Android Compatibility Definition specifies the media formats a device must support to be compatible with Android.

Audio support

Audio formats and codecs

Format / Codec Encoder Decoder Details Supported File Type(s) / Container Formats AAC LC • • Support for mono/stereo/5.0/5.1 content with standard sampling rates from 8 to 48 kHz. • 3GPP (.3gp)

• MPEG-4 (.mp4, .m4a)

• ADTS raw AAC (.aac, decode in Android 3.1+, encode in Android 4.0+, ADIF not supported)

• MPEG-TS (.ts, not seekable, Android 3.0+) HE-AACv1 (AAC+) •

(Android 4.1+) • HE-AACv2 (enhanced AAC+) • Support for stereo/5.0/5.1 content with standard sampling rates from 8 to 48 kHz. xHE-AAC •

(Android 9+) Support for up to 8ch content with standard sampling rates from 8 to 48 kHz AAC ELD (enhanced low delay AAC) •

(Android 4.1+) •

(Android 4.1+) Support for mono/stereo content with standard sampling rates from 16 to 48 kHz AMR-NB • • 4.75 to 12.2 kbps sampled @ 8kHz • 3GPP (.3gp)

• AMR (.amr) AMR-WB • • 9 rates from 6.60 kbit/s to 23.85 kbit/s sampled @ 16kHz FLAC •

(Android 4.1+) •

(Android 3.1+) Mono/Stereo (no multichannel). Sample rates up to 48 kHz (but up to 44.1 kHz is recommended on devices with 44.1 kHz output, as the 48 to 44.1 kHz downsampler does not include a low-pass filter). 16-bit recommended; no dither applied for 24-bit. • FLAC (.flac)

• MPEG-4 (.mp4, .m4a, Android 10+) GSM • Android supports GSM decoding on telephony devices GSM(.gsm) MIDI • MIDI Type 0 and 1. DLS Version 1 and 2. XMF and Mobile XMF. Support for ringtone formats RTTTL/RTX, OTA, and iMelody • Type 0 and 1 (.mid, .xmf, .mxmf)

• RTTTL/RTX (.rtttl, .rtx)

• OTA (.ota)

• iMelody (.imy) MP3 • Mono/Stereo 8-320Kbps constant (CBR) or variable bit-rate (VBR) • MP3 (.mp3)

• MPEG-4 (.mp4, .m4a, Android 10+)

• Matroska (.mkv, Android 10+) Opus •

(Android 5.0+) • Ogg (.ogg)

• Matroska (.mkv) PCM/WAVE •

(Android 4.1+) • 8- and 16-bit linear PCM (rates up to limit of hardware). Sampling rates for raw PCM recordings at 8000, 16000 and 44100 Hz. WAVE (.wav) Vorbis • • Ogg (.ogg)

• Matroska (.mkv, Android 4.0+)

• MPEG-4 (.mp4, .m4a, Android 10+)

Video support

Video formats and codecs

Format / Codec Encoder Decoder Details Supported File Type(s) / Container Formats H.263 • • Support for H.263 is optional in Android 7.0+ • 3GPP (.3gp)

• MPEG-4 (.mp4)

• Matroska (.mkv) H.264 AVC

Baseline Profile (BP) •

(Android 3.0+) • • 3GPP (.3gp)

• MPEG-4 (.mp4)

• MPEG-TS (.ts, AAC audio only, not seekable, Android 3.0+)

• Matroska (.mkv) H.264 AVC

Main Profile (MP) •

(Android 6.0+) • The decoder is required, the encoder is recommended. H.265 HEVC •

(Android 5.0+) Main Profile Level 3 for mobile devices and Main Profile Level 4.1 for Android TV • MPEG-4 (.mp4)

• Matroska (.mkv) MPEG-4 SP • 3GPP (.3gp) VP8 •

(Android 4.3+) •

(Android 2.3.3+) Streamable only in Android 4.0 and above • WebM (.webm)

• Matroska (.mkv, Android 4.0+) VP9 •

(Android 4.4+) • WebM (.webm)

• Matroska (.mkv) AV1 •

(Android 10+) The decoder is optional. • MPEG-4 (.mp4)

• Matroska (.mkv)

Video encoding recommendations

The table below lists the Android media framework video encoding profiles and parameters recommended for playback using the H.264 Baseline Profile codec. The same recommendations apply to the Main Profile codec, which is only available in Android 6.0 and later.

SD (Low quality) SD (High quality) HD 720p (N/A on all devices) Video resolution 176 x 144 px 480 x 360 px 1280 x 720 px Video frame rate 12 fps 30 fps 30 fps Video bitrate 56 Kbps 500 Kbps 2 Mbps Audio codec AAC-LC AAC-LC AAC-LC Audio channels 1 (mono) 2 (stereo) 2 (stereo) Audio bitrate 24 Kbps 128 Kbps 192 Kbps

The table below lists the Android media framework video encoding profiles and parameters recommended for playback using the VP8 media codec.

SD (Low quality) SD (High quality) HD 720p (N/A on all devices) HD 1080p (N/A on all devices) Video resolution 320 x 180 px 640 x 360 px 1280 x 720 px 1920 x 1080 px Video frame rate 30 fps 30 fps 30 fps 30 fps Video bitrate 800 Kbps 2 Mbps 4 Mbps 10 Mbps

Video decoding recommendations

Device implementations must support dynamic video resolution and frame rate switching through the standard Android APIs within the same stream for all VP8, VP9, H.264, and H.265 codecs in real time and up to the maximum resolution supported by each codec on the device.

Implementations that support the Dolby Vision decoder must follow these guidelines:

Provide a Dolby Vision-capable extractor.

Properly display Dolby Vision content on the device screen or on a standard video output port (e.g., HDMI).

Set the track index of backward-compatible base-layer(s) (if present) to be the same as the combined Dolby Vision layer's track index.

Video streaming requirements

For video content that is streamed over HTTP or RTSP, there are additional requirements:

For 3GPP and MPEG-4 containers, the moov atom must precede any mdat atoms, but must succeed the ftyp atom.

atom must precede any atoms, but must succeed the atom. For 3GPP, MPEG-4, and WebM containers, audio and video samples corresponding to the same time offset may be no more than 500 KB apart. To minimize this audio/video drift, consider interleaving audio and video in smaller chunk sizes.

Image support

Format / Codec Encoder Decoder Details Supported File Type(s) / Container Formats BMP • BMP (.bmp) GIF • GIF (.gif) JPEG • • Base+progressive JPEG (.jpg) PNG • • PNG (.png) WebP •

(Android 4.0+)

(Transparency, Android 4.2.1+) (Lossless Android 10+) •

(Android 4.0+)

(Lossless, Transparency, Android 4.2.1+) Lossless encoding can be achieved on Android 10 using a quality of 100. WebP (.webp) HEIF •

(Android 8.0+) HEIF (.heic; .heif)

Network protocols

The following network protocols are supported for audio and video playback:

RTSP (RTP, SDP)

HTTP/HTTPS progressive streaming

HTTP/HTTPS live streaming draft protocol: MPEG-2 TS media files only Protocol version 3 (Android 4.0 and above) Protocol version 2 (Android 3.x) Not supported before Android 3.0



Note: HTTPS is not supported before Android 3.1.