I am returning to the irregular postings of the Test Automation Tips. In this entry you can ready about simple introduction to the PHPUnit testing framework that is used, not surprisingly, to unit test PHP applications. This entry was first sent out as part of the Test Automation Tips. Visit here to subscribe. Welcome back I have to apologize as it has been more than 2 months since I sent out the last testing tip. After I came back from Oslo, where I gave the Test Automation Training a client contacted with an urgent project that had a tight dead-line. That meant that up till yesterday I have been working quite intensively at the client. That did not leave time for writing either the Test Automation Tips or the Perl 6 Tricks and Treats. Anyway, the dead-line is now over and they are moving into a calmer period in which we finally going to setup a real testing framework. I hope I'll be able to write about that. In the meantime I have lots of other subjects I wanted to write about. Let's start with an introduction to PHPUnit. Background Previously there were two posts about testing PHP using SimpleTest. The two posts can be read here: Testing PHP code with SimpleTest Testing PHP Applications Today I am going to take a look at PHPUnit to see how we can test the same simple add() function we had in that example. Just to remind you we had a file called mylib.php with a function in it called add() that is supposed to add numbers and return their sum. We noticed that calling add(1, 1) returns 2 as expected and calling add(1, 1, 1) also returns 2. Which is not so good. We are not interested in fixing this code now, just to write test and see how the success and failure is reported. If we were doing it "manually" we would call print(add(1, 1)) and observe the result. The problem with this is that it is extremely boring and error prone. PHPUnit PHPUnit was developed and is maintained by Sebastian Bergmann. It has an extensive manual and it seems to be more wide-spread than SimpleTest we saw earlier. asserTrue In the first example we'll try to solve the same simple problem as we did in the SimpleTest example. We have a function called add() in the mylib.php file. We would like to test that function. We include that file in our test script and include the already installed PHPUnit/Framework.php We have to create a class that extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase - the name of the class does not matter. In the class we need to create testing functions. The name of each function has to start with the word 'test', otherwise the name does not matter. It should be descriptive as any function name. <?php require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../includes/mylib.php'); require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php'; class AddTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testAddTwo() { $this->assertTrue(2 == add(1, 1)); } public function testAddThree() { $this->assertTrue(3 == add(1, 1, 1)); } } ?> As opposed to the SimpleTest framework, in PHPUnit the primary way to execute the tests is from the command line using the phpunit script. So you do the following: phpunit cal01.php The output looks like this: PHPUnit 3.3.17 by Sebastian Bergmann. .F Time: 0 seconds There was 1 failure: 1) testAddThree(AddTest) Failed asserting that <boolean:false> is true. calc01.php:14 FAILURES! Tests: 2, Assertions: 2, Failures: 1. In the results you can see a single .F meaning one of the testing functions failed. In addition you'll see details of the failure giving both the name of of the test function and the test class. PHPunit showing success Just in order to see how it looks like I removed the failing test from the test script and ran the test again. The code has only one test function: <?php require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../includes/mylib.php'); require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php'; class AddTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testAddTwo() { $this->assertTrue(2 == add(1, 1)); } } ?> The output: PHPUnit 3.3.17 by Sebastian Bergmann. . Time: 0 seconds OK (1 test, 1 assertion) PHPUnit with assertEqual Just as was in the case of the SimpleTest, PHPUnit also has an assertEqual method that allows the separation of the expected value and the actual result. The first parameter of the assertEqual method is the expected value and the second parameter is the actual result. Making the roles of the two values clear is important so in the reporting we can already know what was the expected and what was the actual result. <?php require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../includes/mylib.php'); require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php'; class AddTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testAddTwo() { $this->assertEquals(2, add(1, 1)); } public function testAddThree() { $this->assertEquals(3, add(1, 1, 1)); } } ?> Output: PHPUnit 3.3.17 by Sebastian Bergmann. .F Time: 0 seconds There was 1 failure: 1) testAddThree(AddTest) Failed asserting that <integer:2> matches expected value <integer:3>. calc03.php:14 FAILURES! Tests: 2, Assertions: 2, Failures: 1. The difference between this output and the one from the first example is that in this case the reader can know more details about the failure. The reader can actually see that the expected values was 3 while the actual value was 2. That can already give a clue where the problem might be. assetEqual with message <?php require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../includes/mylib.php'); require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php'; class AddTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testAddTwo() { $this->assertEquals(2, add(1, 1), '1+1=2'); } public function testAddThree() { $this->assertEquals(3, add(1, 1, 1), '1+1+1=3'); } } ?> In case of success this does not make a difference but when the test fails PHPUnit will display this message along with the name of the test function and the name of the test class. If the message is worded carefully it can further help in understanding the failure without even looking at the source code. PHPUnit 3.3.17 by Sebastian Bergmann. .F Time: 0 seconds There was 1 failure: 1) testAddThree(AddTest) 1+1+1=3 Failed asserting that <integer:2> matches expected value <integer:3>. calc04.php:14 FAILURES! Tests: 2, Assertions: 2, Failures: 1. Installing PHPUnit You should be able to install PHPUnit either by the package management system of your operating system or via PEAR. In Ubuntu 9.04 I found I could install it using $ sudo aptitude install phpunit but that seems to bring a very old version of PHPUnit. In order to use PEAR first I had to install the command line tool using $ sudo aptitude install php-pear Then I followed the instructions on the PHPUnit web site though I had to use sudo for that as it would not work as regular user. $ sudo channel-discover pear.phpunit.de The the actual command: $ sudo pear install phpunit/PHPUnit gave me the following error message: Did not download optional dependencies: pear/Image_GraphViz, pear/Log, use --alldeps to download automatically phpunit/PHPUnit requires PEAR Installer (version >= 1.8.1), installed version is 1.7.1 phpunit/PHPUnit can optionally use package "pear/Image_GraphViz" (version >= 1.2.1) phpunit/PHPUnit can optionally use package "pear/Log" phpunit/PHPUnit can optionally use PHP extension "pdo_sqlite" phpunit/PHPUnit can optionally use PHP extension "xdebug" (version >= 2.0.0) No valid packages found install failed So I had to first upgrade PEAR which was easy: $ sudo pear upgrade-all and then I could install PHPUnit: $ sudo pear install phpunit/PHPUnit It might be slightly different on your operating system. Conclusion That's it for today. There is a lot more to say about PHPUnit but these examples can already get you started. This entry was first sent out as part of the Test Automation Tips. Visit here to subscribe.