WASHINGTON—The White House said Tuesday that the U.S. has “strong indications” that Iran violated United Nations Security Council resolutions with its ballistic missile test over the weekend.

White House press secretary Josh Earnest said, however, the move wouldn’t complicate efforts to implement the nuclear deal with Iran, whose parliament approved that agreement on Tuesday by a vote of 161-59.

“This is altogether separate from the nuclear agreement that Iran reached with the rest of the world,” Mr. Earnest said. “In contrast to the repeated violations of the U.N. Security Council resolution that pertains to their ballistic missile activities, we’ve seen that Iran over the last couple of years has demonstrated a track record of abiding by the commitments that they made in the context of the nuclear talks.”

Iran’s state news agency said Sunday that the government test-fired a new long-range, surface-to-surface ballistic missile. The test took place the same day as Iran’s parliament approved the general outlines of the nuclear pact in a preliminary vote.

State Department spokesman Mark Toner said Tuesday that the U.S. planned to raise Iran’s missile test at the U.N. Security Council. “We’ll continue to do this for any and all Iranian violations of U.N. Security Council resolutions,” he said.