Sources | Medically Reviewed on 11/09/2019 Reviewed by Nayana Ambardekar, MD on November 09, 2019

IMAGES PROVIDED BY:

1, 2) Bahman Guyuron, MD, Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center

3) Michaela Begsteiger/Imagebroker

4) Anthony Marsland/Stone

5) Image Source

6) Hannah Mason/Corbis

7) Bahman Guyuron, MD, Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center

8) Thinkstock

9) Thinkstock

10) Thinkstock

11) Thinkstock

12) Jodi Jacobson/Photodisc

13) Photolibrary

14) BSIP/Photo Researchers Inc

15) Fuse

16) Thinkstock

17) BSIP/Photo Researchers Inc

18) Todd Gipstein/National Geographic

19) Howard Kingsnorth/Cultura

20) UHB Trust/Stone

21) Laurence Mouton

22) Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers Inc

23) 3D4Medical.com

24) SPL/Photo Researchers Inc

24) Paul Sisul/Riser

26) iStock

REFERENCES:

American Cancer Society

American Journal of Medicine, November 2007.

American Lung Association

American Society of Plastic Surgeons, news release

Archives of Dermatology, November 2007.

California State University Northridge

Guyuron, B. Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, April 2009.

Jonette Keri, MD, PhD, associate professor of dermatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Medline Plus

National Cancer Institute

Oral Cancer Foundation

The Nemours Foundation

University of Michigan Health System

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services