Today I found out Julius Caesar was once kidnapped by pirates and convinced them to up their ransom demand.

A 25 year old Julius Caesar was sailing the Aegean Sea when he was kidnapped by Sicilian pirates. The pirates who captured him initially asked for a ransom of 20 talents of silver (which is about 620 kg of silver or $600,000 by today’s silver prices). According to Plutarch, rather than send his associates off to gather the silver, he instead laughed at the pirates and demanded they ask for 50 (1550 kg of silver), as 20 talents of silver was too small of a ransom for himself.

The pirates, of course, agreed and Caesar sent some of his associates off to gather the silver, which took 38 days to accomplish. Now nearly alone with the pirates (only keeping two servants and one of his friends), rather than cower, he instead took the route of treating them as if they were his subordinates. He even went so far as to demand they not talk whenever he decided to take a nap or go to sleep for the night. He spent most of his time with them composing and reciting poetry, as well as writing speeches. He would then recite the works to the pirates. He also joined in with playing various games with the pirates and participating in their exercises, generally acting as if he wasn’t a prisoner, but rather, their leader. The pirates quickly grew to respect and like him and allowed him the freedom to more or less do as he pleased on their island and ships.

While he was friendly with them, he also didn’t appreciate being held captive. As such, he swore to them that he would hunt them down and have them crucified, once the ransom was paid. Despite the fact that at that time he was just acting as a private citizen, once he was free, he manage to quickly raise a small fleet which he took back to the island the pirates had held him at. Apparently they hadn’t taken his threats seriously, because they were still there when he arrived. He captured them and took back his 50 talents of silver, along with all their possessions.

He next delivered the pirates to the authorities at the prison at Pergamon and then traveled to meet the proconsul of Asia, Marcus Junius, to petition to have the pirates executed. The proconsul refused, wanting to sell the pirates as slaves and take the spoils for himself. Unhappy with this outcome, Caesar traveled back to Pergamon where the Sicilian pirates were being held and ordered that they be crucified under his own authority, which was subsequently done. Once again, the adage “Never go against a Sicilian when death is on the line” was proven false….

Bonus Facts:

Caesar Salad was not, as is sometimes stated, named after Julius Caesar. It was actually named after its inventor, Caesar Cardini. You can read more on this here: Caesar Salad Was Named After Caesar Cardini, Not a Roman Emperor

The original Caesar salad was not eaten with forks, but rather eaten with your fingers. Cardini would use whole Romaine lettuce arranged on a plate so that the stems were facing out and he would put all the ingredients on each leaf. You’d then just pick up the leaf and eat it that way with your hands. The original recipe also used coddled eggs and Italian olive oil.

Another false “word origin” connected to Julius Caesar is that his name was given to him because he was born via a caesarian section. This is thought to be false though as this would have almost certainly been fatal to his mother (women didn’t survive caesarian sections in ancient times), yet she actually didn’t die until he was around 46 years old. Also, Gaius Plinius Secundus, better known as Pliny the Elder, stated that Caesar’s name came from “caesaries”, meaning “head of hair”.

Julius Caesar and Cleopatra of Egypt were lovers for 14 years, but were unable to marry because Roman law stipulated Roman citizens were only allowed to marry other Roman citizens.

The group that sought Caesar’s assassination was no small one, as is sometimes depicted. Rather, it consisted of around sixty senators, most notably Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus. The group proposed many ways in which they might kill him, but ultimately decided to do it when he was in the Senate, because only Senators were allowed in, so he would not have any guards with him. Their plans were soon in earnest because Caesar had decided to leave in late March for an extended period to try to conquer the Parthian Empire. Because the group was so large, whispers that an assassination attempt might occur reached Caesar and many of his friends and even his doctors told him not to go to the Senate on the day of his death. Unfortunately for him, one of his closest friends, Brutus, convinced him he should go. When he arrived, one of the senators pushed him to the ground and several of the conspirators sprang on him, stabbing him 23 times.

Contrary to popular belief, Caesar did not say “Et tu, Brute?” (“You too Brutus?” or “And you, Brutus?”) before he died, as was penned by Shakespeare. That assertion has no basis in historical fact. Both Plutarch and Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus state that Caesar said nothing after the attack started.

After the murder, those involved thought the people would be happy that a tyrant had been removed and now the Republic would be restored. Instead, most people were outraged, as Caesar had been extremely popular. In the end, rather than achieve their goal of restoring the Republic, their act spurred a series of civil wars that ended with the creation of the Roman Empire.

While Caesar’s 18 year old grandnephew Gaius Octavian, later Augustus Caesar, was Julius Caesar’s named heir, Caesar actually had a son with Cleopatra, named Caesarion. Because his son was an Egyptian, though, he picked a different heir. It seems he picked well, as Augustus soon became one of the great rulers in history, creating an empire that would endure for around fifteen hundred years.

The Rubicon that Julius Caesar famously crossed (which was an illegal act for a General to do, taking his soldiers into Italy proper) got its name from the fact that the water had a reddish hue from the mud in that region. Specifically, the name derives from the Latin “rubeus”, meaning “red”.

Interestingly, despite the Rubicon once signifying the boundary between Cisalpine Gaul and Italy proper, the exact location of the river was lost to history until quite recently. The river’s location was initially lost primarily because it was a very small river, of no major size or importance, other than as a convenient border landmark. Thus, when Augustus merged the northern province of Cisalpine Gaul into Italy proper, it ceased to be a border and which river it was exactly gradually faded from history. You can read more on this here: Julius Caesar Crosses the Rubicon

Julius Caesar was born around July 13th (the exact date is somewhat up for debate) in 100 BC in Rome.

Some have speculated that Marcus Junius Brutus, one of the leaders of the group that assassinated Caesar, might have actually been his son. Brutus’ mother, Servilla Caepiones, was Julius Caesar’s mistress for a time.

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