Austria’s new government found itself embroiled in a diplomatic row with Italy on its first day in office on Monday after offering to grant passports to German-speaking inhabitants in Italy’s South Tyrol region.

The offer of dual citizenship threatened to open old wounds between the neighbours – South Tyrol was ceded to Italy after the First World War but its distinct language, culture and history means that Rome has struggled over the decades to integrate it fully with the rest of the country.

Many people speak German as their first language, the local cuisine consists of strudel, sauerkraut and schnitzel rather than pasta and pizza, and many locals feel they have little in common with the rest of Italy.

The province, which abuts Austria, has a high degree of autonomy, but there is a vocal minority that has never been happy with Italian rule and would like to secede.

The row started after the far-Right Freedom Party, the junior partner in the government led by 31-year-old chancellor Sebastian Kurz, said that the people of South Tyrol would be allowed to apply for Austrian citizenship, but only if they were German speakers and identified as ethnically German.