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The U.S. Treasury Building is the third oldest federally occupied building in Washington DC (after the Capitol and the White House). It houses the Department of the Treasury, a U.S. Cabinet department established in 1789 to manage government revenue.

The historic building is in the Georgian style composed of five stories on five acres of landscaped gardens, and was burned a rebuilt several times in the 19th Century.

The Main Treasury Building is located at 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW. Each three sides of the building are monuments: on the south side is a statue of Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury and the mastermind behind the design of the nation's early financial system; on the north, a statue of Albert Gallatin, the 4th Secretary of the Treasury, who served during the Jefferson and Madison administrations; on west next to the White House, a reproduction of the Liberty Bell.

The Treasury is responsible for printing and minting all paper currency and coins in circulation, through its Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint. In addition, the Treasury's Internal Revenue Service is the agency responsible for collecting taxes.

The Main Treasury Building itself has an interesting history. In the early days of Washington, the White House and the Capitol faced each other at opposite ends of Pennsylvania Avenue. However, President Andrew Jackson's relations with the Congress were so poor that it was rumored that he had the Main Treasury Building placed in its present location so it would block his view of the Capitol.