“I understand those who ask why should we believe you that you will achieve this,” Ms. Merkel told reporters. “The chances are very good, they have grown, that we will reach our climate goals this time,” she said, adding that the panel would help.

Other measures include subsidies for electric cars and energy efficient heaters, with a ban on oil-burning furnaces starting in 2025. Taxes on flight tickets will be increased, while surcharges for train tickets will fall as part of efforts to encourage more people to switch to the rails from the air. Renewable energy sources, including wind and solar, will be expanded in an effort to increase their share to 65 percent of all energy by 2020.

The measures are to be financed through tax levies and from Germany’s climate fund. Those sources will provide more than 54 billion euros, or $60 billion, in financing through 2023, averting loans and budget deficits, said Olaf Scholz, the finance minister.

Critics said the package did not go far enough. “The whole package lacks courage,” said Ottmar Edenhofer, the director and chief economist of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. “The commitment into the future is missing.”

“The German government has failed to protect the climate,” the opposition Greens, who have enjoyed a surge in popularity recently said in response to the announcement.

Climate experts had called for a carbon price of at least 50 euros in order to force industry to turn away from fossil fuels and to encourage innovation. Ms. Merkel conceded that the lower price had been a compromise, but insisted that combined with the incentives, it would be sufficient to help Germany reach its 2030 goal.