Eight out of every ten Americans have searched for medical information online. Three-quarters of these searchers do not scrutinize the quality, validity, or date of the information. With the overabundance of healthcare information available on the World Wide Web, people looking for quality medical information could easily be led astray. The unnecessary escalation of health concerns — newly-termed “cyberchondria” — is the focus of a study conducted by Microsoft, and it could have serious implications for many patients.

Approximately 13% of physician visits every year are for medically unexplained symptoms, and up to 25% of patients report such symptoms during physician visits. Often, patients report persistent physical symptoms, but no somatic origin can be found. Physicians may try to explore the psychological basis of the symptoms, but this is a frustrating and futile prospect that uses valuable time and resources with no satisfactory result for the patient.

Many hypochondriacal patients are taking their concerns to the Internet and making “Google” a diagnostic procedure. Researchers at Microsoft recently examined how people search for medical information on the Internet, and reported on its potential implications. The researchers reviewed logs of 515 individual’s health-related Web search experiences. Not surprisingly, one principal finding was that search engines have the potential to escalate medical concerns. The authors assert that the escalation is related to the amount of medical content viewed by searchers, the existence of escalatory terminology in the Web pages, and the searcher’s predisposition to escalate his or her anxiety versus seeking more sensible explanations for physical symptoms.

The Microsoft researchers also found that post-session anxiety lingers after escalations of medical concerns, often to an extent that interrupts other Web-related activities. The information obtained from the Web also influences people’s decisions about visiting a physician, diagnosing or treating ailments, or engaging in proactive health activities. One worrisome finding of the Microsoft study concluded that some users of search engines interpreted the ranking of the Web search results as the likelihood of the illness. The Web can ultimately be a dangerous place for people to seek advice, with no guidance on deciphering fact from fiction, and everything in between.

Not all who seek Web-based information will be misled, but the potential for the wrong information falling into the wrong hands is considerable. Patients should heed a “let the searcher beware” and always obtain sounds medical advice from a trained health care professional. Physicians, however, should be attentive to the needs of patients and maintain open lines of communication when considering all of a patient’s symptoms.

References

Kappen, T., & van Dulmen, S. (2008). General practitioners’ responses to the initial presentation of medically unexplained symptoms: a quantitative analysis BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 2 (1) DOI: 10.1186/1751-0759-2-22

Wick JY, Zanni GR. Hypochondria: the worried well. Consult Pharm. Mar 2008;23(3):192-194, 196-198, 207-198.

Peters, S., Rogers, A., Salmon, P., Gask, L., Dowrick, C., Towey, M., Clifford, R., & Morriss, R. (2008). What Do Patients Choose to Tell Their Doctors? Qualitative Analysis of Potential Barriers to Reattributing Medically Unexplained Symptoms Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24 (4), 443-449 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-008-0872-x

Salmon, P., Ring, A., Humphris, G., Davies, J., & Dowrick, C. (2009). Primary Care Consultations About Medically Unexplained Symptoms: How Do Patients Indicate What They Want? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24 (4), 450-456 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-008-0898-0

White RW, Horvitz E. Cyberchondria: Studies of the Escalation of Medical Concerns in Web Search. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Research; November 2008.