As much of Latin America shuts down in the face of the coronavirus, Nicaragua is striking out as a radical outlier — urging citizens to go to the beach, enjoy holiday cruises and turn out for Easter-season passion plays.

Rather than discouraging crowds, the Sandinista government is trying to manufacture them. It’s promoting festivities such as an event to distribute a sugary fruit treat — “the biggest almibar handout in Nicaragua.” Authorities haven’t closed borders, businesses or stadiums.

But what perhaps most sets the Central American nation apart is its president. Daniel Ortega doesn’t seem to be leading the charge against the coronavirus. In fact, he hasn’t appeared in public for a month. The government says he’s still in control. But Nicaraguans are nervously wondering if the former Marxist guerrilla is ill, dead or simply avoiding human contact.

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Health and human rights groups in the hemisphere, meanwhile, are growing increasingly alarmed at the government’s laissez-faire approach to the deadly virus.

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights has called on Nicaragua “to recognize the extreme gravity of the situation, and immediately adopt steps to address and contain the pandemic.” Carissa Etienne, director of the Pan American Health Organization, told reporters “we have concerns about the testing, contact tracing, about the reporting of cases” in Nicaragua, as well as “inadequate infection prevention and control.”

Nicaragua’s neighbors fear they could be hurt by spillover effects. “We’re worried about their approach, because the recommendations of the [World Health Organization] are for social distancing,” said Costa Rica’s president, Carlos Alvarado.

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“Calling for marches and crowds of people goes against these recommendations,” he told CNN en Español.

On Thursday, Michael G. Kozak, the acting assistant U.S. secretary of state for Western Hemisphere affairs, tweeted that “Daniel Ortega is nowhere to be found” as his country faces covid-19. “Our hearts go out to the people of #Nicaragua who need leadership and factual information on this deadly pandemic,” he wrote. The U.S. government has imposed sanctions against Ortega’s family members and the police in retaliation for what it calls their corruption and brutality.

Ortega, 74, is one of Latin America’s best-known politicians, the leader of the Sandinista revolution that toppled a right-wing dictator in 1979. He returned to the presidency in 2007 and has won reelection twice since then. His government has turned sharply authoritarian in recent years.

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In Ortega’s absence, Vice President Rosario Murillo — also his wife — has been giving daily phone interviews to official media. Nicaragua has reported only nine cases of covid-19 and one fatality. Officials say all the infections were acquired abroad.

“We don’t have community transmission, thanks be to God infinitely,” Murillo said on Thursday.

Costa Rica, Nicaragua’s less populous neighbor, has confirmed more than 500 cases of covid-19. The Cuban government has said that three of its citizens who recently visited Nicaragua have tested positive for the virus.

Josefina Bonilla, a doctor and public health expert in Managua, the capital, said Nicaragua’s low number of cases reflected a lack of testing. The government hasn’t revealed how many people have undergone the exams, and private hospitals have been barred from conducting them.

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“If you only do a few tests, you’ll only have a few positive results,” Bonilla said.

She said Nicaragua enjoyed some advantages in confronting the health crisis. The country of 6 million is less densely populated than others in the region. Only a small percentage of citizens are elderly — the group that has typically suffered the highest rate of fatalities. But it’s also the second-poorest country in the hemisphere, after Haiti. If the virus spreads unchecked, Bonilla said, the country could face a “catastrophic scenario.”

And that’s why the large gatherings of recent weeks are causing so much alarm.

Authorities have organized pro-government rallies, including one in mid-March dubbed “Love in the Time of Covid-19,” to show “solidarity” with victims worldwide.

Even as other Central American countries shut down airports, schools and sporting events, Nicaragua has stayed open for business. Its soccer league has continued to hold matches, with some anxious players wearing masks. Public schools remained open until April 3, the start of an extended Easter break. The official tourism agency touted scores of Holy Week events, from fishing tournaments to beauty pageants.

Former foreign minister José Pallais said the government appeared to be afraid that the pandemic could damage the already listless economy. Once fast-growing, it cratered after the government violently suppressed pro-democracy protests in 2018. The crucial tourism sector was hit particularly hard.

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The government wants to “ensure it has the income to sustain its repressive apparatus and keep its base mobilized and ready” in case there are further demonstrations, Pallais said.

Murillo, who also serves as government spokeswoman, did not return a call and email seeking comment.

Authorities say they’re doing a responsible job preparing people for covid-19 — sending health teams door to door to encourage people to wash their hands and report fever or other virus symptoms. Murillo said Wednesday that the government was “rigorously applying” sanitary measures in airports, ports and jails.

But when a Catholic bishop recently tried to open several medical centers to provide information about the coronavirus, he said he was blocked by the Health Ministry. “The diocese wanted to work for the people’s health, and we were not permitted,” tweeted Bishop Rolando Alvarez, of the northern city of Matagalpa.

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Wary Nicaraguans are taking their own precautions. Churches in this predominantly Catholic country canceled Holy Week processions and have been transmitting Mass via video. Beaches have largely remained empty. (As it turned out, the beach photo tweeted by Ortega’s son was old.) Private schools switched to online classes weeks ago.

“People are staying at home,” Leonardo Torres, the head of the national committee of small and medium-sized businesses, told the news site Nicaragua Investiga. Hopes that Nicaragua would receive 160,000 tourists, as it did last year, had been dashed, he said — it might not get half that many.

Soon after he spoke, an Aeromexico flight took off from Managua for Mexico. It was the last flight by the last international airline serving Nicaragua. All have now canceled their flights indefinitely.

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The country’s borders were still open, but no one was coming.