Barber , J , Barrett , MS , Gallop , R , Rynn , MA , Rickels , K ( 2012 ). Short-term dynamic psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 73 , 66 – 73 .

Barrett , JE , Williams , JW , Oxman , TE , Frank , E , Katon , W , Sullivan , M , Hegel , MT , Cornell , JE , Sengupta , AS ( 2001 ). Treatment of dysthymia and minor depression in primary care: a randomized trial in patients aged 18 to 59 . Journal of Family Practice 50 , 405 – 412 .

Beck , AT , Ward , CH , Mendelson , M , Mock , J , Erbaugh , J ( 1961 ). An inventory for measuring depression . Archives of General Psychiatry 4 , 561 – 571 .

Borenstein , M , Hedges , LV , Higgins , JPT , Rothstein , HR ( 2009 ). Introduction to Meta-Analysis . Wiley : Chichester, UK .

Cuijpers , P , Smit , F , Bohlmeijer , ET , Hollon , SD , Andersson , G ( 2010 a). Is the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy and other psychological treatments for adult depression overestimated? A meta-analytic study of publication bias . British Journal of Psychiatry 196 , 173 – 178 .

Cuijpers , P , van Straten , A , Andersson , G , van Oppen , P ( 2008 a). Psychotherapy for depression in adults: a meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 76 , 909 – 922 .

Cuijpers , P , van Straten , A , Bohlmeijer , E , Hollon , SD , Andersson , G ( 2010 b). The effects of psychotherapy for adult depression are overestimated: a meta-analysis of study quality and effect size . Psychological Medicine 40 , 211 – 223 .

Cuijpers , P , van Straten , A , van Oppen , P , Andersson , G ( 2008 b). Are psychological and pharmacological interventions equally effective in the treatment of adult depressive disorders? A meta-analysis of comparative studies . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 69 , 1675 – 1685 .

Cuijpers , P , van Straten , A , Warmerdam , L , Andersson , G ( 2008 c). Psychological treatment of depression: a meta-analytic database of randomized studies . BMC Psychiatry 8 , 36 .

Cuijpers , P , van Straten , A , Warmerdam , L , Smits , N ( 2008 d). Characteristics of effective psychological treatments of depression: a meta-regression analysis . Psychotherapy Research 18 , 225 – 236 .

David , D , Szentagotai , A , Lupu , V , Cosman , D ( 2008 ). Rational emotive behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and medication in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial, posttreatment outcomes, and six month follow-up . Journal of Clinical Psychology 64 , 728 – 746 .

DeRubeis , RJ , Hollon , SD , Amsterdam , JD , Shelton , RC , Young , PR , Salomon , RM ( 2005 ). Cognitive therapy vs medications in the treatment of moderate to severe depression . Archives of General Psychiatry 62 , 409 – 416 .

Dimidjian , S , Hollon , SD , Dobson , KS , Schmaling , KB , Kohlenberg , RJ , Addis , ME ( 2006 ). Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74 , 658 – 670 .

Dobson , KS , Hollon , SD , Dimidjian , S , Schmaling , KB , Kohlenberg , RJ , Gallop , RJ , Rizvi , SL , Gollan , JK ( 2008 ). Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the prevention of relapse and recurrence in major depression . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 76 , 468 – 477 .

Duval , S , Tweedie , R ( 2000 ). Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis . Biometrics 56 , 455 – 463 .

Dwight-Johnson , M , Sherbourne , CD , Liao , D , Wells , KB ( 2000 ). Treatment preferences among depressed primary care patients . Journal of General Internal Medicine 15 , 527 – 534 .

Elkin , I , Shea , MT , Watkins , JT , Imber , SD , Sotsky , SM , Collins , JF ( 1989 ). National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: general effectiveness of treatments . Archives of General Psychiatry 46 , 971 – 982 .

Fournier , JC , DeRubeis , RJ , Hollon , SD , Dimidjian , S , Amsterdam , JD , Shelton , RC ( 2010 ). Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: a patient-level meta-analysis . Journal of the American Medical Association 303 , 47 – 53 .

Hamilton , M ( 1960 ). A rating scale for depression . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 23 , 56 – 62 .

Hedges , LV , Olkin , I ( 1985 ). Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis . Academic Press : San Diego, CA .

Hegerl , U , Hautzinger , M , Mergl , R , Kohnen , R , Schütze , M , Scheunemann , W , Allgaier , AK , Coyne , J , Henkel , V ( 2010 ). Effects of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in depressed primary-care patients: a randomized, controlled trial including a patients’ choice arm . International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 13 , 31 – 44 .

Higgins , JP , Thompson , SG , Deeks , JJ , Altman , DG ( 2003 ). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses . British Medical Journal 327 , 557 – 560 .

Higgins , JPT , Green , S (eds) ( 2008 ). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions . Version 5.0.1 [updated September 2008]. Wiley : Chichester, UK .

Hollon , SD , DeRubeis , RJ , Shelton , RC , Amsterdam , JD , Salomon , RM , O'Reardon , JP , Lovett , ML , Young , PR , Haman , KL , Freeman , BB , Gallop , R ( 2005 ). Prevention of relapse following cognitive therapy versus medication in moderate to severe depression . Archives of General Psychiatry 62 , 417 – 422 .

Hypericum Depression Trial Study Group ( 2002 ). Effect of Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial . Journal of the American Medical Association 287 , 1807 – 1814 .

Imel , ZE , Malterer , MB , McKay , KM , Wampold , BE ( 2008 ). A meta-analysis of psychotherapy and medication in unipolar depression and dysthymia . Journal of Affective Disorders 110 , 197 – 206 .

Ioannidis , JPA , Patsopoulos , NA , Evangelou , E ( 2007 ). Uncertainty in heterogeneity estimates in meta-analyses . British Medical Journal 335 , 914 – 916 .

Jarrett , RB , Schaffer , M , McIntire , D , Witt-Browder , A , Kraft , D , Risser , RC ( 1999 ). Treatment of atypical depression with cognitive therapy or phenelzine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial . Archives of General Psychiatry 56 , 431 – 437 .

Katz , R , Shaw , BF , Vallis , TM , Kaiser , AS ( 1995 ). The assessment of severity and symptom patterns in depression . In Handbook of Depression (ed. Beckham , E. E. and Leber , W. R. ), 2nd edn , pp. 61 – 85 . Guilford Press : New York .

Kirsch , I ( 2009 ). The Emperor's New Drugs: Exploding the Antidepressant Myth . The Bodley Head : London .

Kirsch , I , Deacon , BJ , Huedo-Medina , TB , Scoboria , A , Moore , TJ , Johnson , BT ( 2008 ). Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: a meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration . PLoS Medicine 5 , 250 – 268 .

Kraemer , HC , Kupfer , DJ ( 2006 ). Size of treatment effects and their importance to clinical research and practice . Biological Psychiatry 59 , 990 – 996 .

Laupacis , A , Sackett , DL , Roberts , RS ( 1988 ). An assessment of clinically useful measures of the consequences of treatment . New England Journal of Medicine 318 , 1728 – 1733 .

Luborsky , L , Diguer , L , Seligman , DA , Rosenthal , R , Krause , ED , Johnson , S , Halperin , G , Bishop , M , Berman , JS , Schweizer , E ( 1999 ). The researcher's own therapy allegiances: a ‘wild card’ in comparisons of treatment efficacy . Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 6 , 95 – 106 .

Melander , H , Ahlqvist-Rastad , J , Meijer , G , Beermann , B ( 2003 ). Evidence b(i)ased medicine selective reporting from studies sponsored by pharmaceutical industry: review of studies in new drug applications . British Medical Journal 326 , 1171 – 1173 .

Mohr , DC , Spring , B , Freedland , KE , Beckner , V , Arean , P , Hollon , SD , Ockene , J , Kaplan , R ( 2009 ). The selection and design of control conditions for randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions . Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 78 , 275 – 284 .

Mynors-Wallis , LM , Gath , DH , Lloyd-Thomas , AR , Tomlinson , D ( 1995 ). Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care . British Medical Journal 310 , 441 –335.

NICE ( 2004 ). Depression: management of depression in primary and secondary care. Clinical Practice Guideline CG23. National Institute for Clinical Excellence : London .

Orsini , N , Higgins , J , Bottai , M , Buchan , I ( 2005 ). Heterogi: Stata module to quantify heterogeneity in a meta-analysis ( ). Heterogi: Stata module to quantify heterogeneity in a meta-analysis ( http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:boc:bocode:s449201 ). Accessed .

Posternak , MA , Zimmerman , M ( 2007 ). Therapeutic effect of follow-up assessments on antidepressant and placebo response rates in antidepressant efficacy trials: meta-analysis . British Journal of Psychiatry 190 , 287 – 292 .

Rief , W , Nestoriuc , Y , Weiss , S , Welzel , E , Barsky , AJ , Hofmann , SG ( 2009 ). Meta-analysis of the placebo response in antidepressant trials . Journal of Affective Disorders 118 , 1 – 9 .

Sloane , RB , Staples , FR , Schneider , LS ( 1985 ). Interpersonal therapy versus nortriptyline for depression in the elderly . In Clinical and Pharmacological Studies in Psychiatric Disorders (ed. Burrows , G. , Norman , T. R. and Dermerstein , L. ), pp. 344 – 346 . John Libbey : London .

Temple , R , Ellenberg , SS ( 2000 ). Placebo-controlled trials and active-control trials in the evaluation of new treatments . Part 1: Ethical and scientific issues. Annals of Internal Medicine 133 , 455 – 463 .

Turner , EH , Matthews , AM , Linardatos , E , Tell , RA , Rosenthal , R ( 2008 ). Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy . New England Journal of Medicine 358 , 252 – 260 .

van Schaik , DJF , Klijn , AFJ , van Hout , HPJ , van Marwijk , HWJ , Beekman , ATF , de Haan , M , van Dyck , R ( 2004 ). Patients’ preferences in the treatment of depressive disorder in primary care . General Hospital Psychiatry 26 , 184 – 189 .