County supervisors voted today to award a $2.2 billion design contract to replace Men’s Central Jail in Downtown LA—not with a new jail as planned, but with a mental health treatment center.

It was a last-minute change-up; plans to build a new jail date back at least three years. But those plans faced fierce opposition from criminal justice advocates, and supervisors have appeared lukewarm and even outright opposed to the idea. The board has taken on a number of progressive criminal justice issues lately, from examining possible bail reform programs to voting down today an unpopular plan to renovate the unused Mira Loma detention center in Lancaster for use as a women’s jail.

The new Mental Health Treatment Center, to be built on the site of the dilapidated and overcrowded Men’s Central Jail near Union Station would be “focused on healing, not punishment.”

It would be operated by the county’s department of health services and staffed by the county’s department of mental health—instead of by the department of corrections.

“This would not be a jail,” said Supervisor Janice Hahn, who proposed the new plan with Mark Ridley-Thomas.

Approximately 70 percent of inmates report having serious medical or mental illness or substance abuse issues when they enter the county’s correctional system, according to county estimates.

“Over the years, the county has learned what is effective—and ineffective—in mental health treatment and criminal justice,” Ridley-Thomas said in a statement after the vote. “It is clear that a punitive approach runs counter to our goals of rehabilitation and treatment.”

With today’s 3-2 vote, McCarthy Builders, the contractor that county staffers had recommended to build the 3,800-bed replacement jail, will instead be awarded a contract to design and build the mental health facility, potentially with the same capacity.

Supervisors Sheila Kuehl and Hilda Solis voted against the contract. They wanted to delay a vote until the results of several studies—including one that would suggest how many beds in mental health facilities would be needed to serve the community—came through. “I believe that this decision was rushed,” Solis said in a statement.

They also took issue with the proposal for such a large mental health center. “I do have some concerns,” said Kuehl. “One is the size of such a facility. It’s a very, very difficult way to deliver mental health services—just a humongous place.”

Solis, whose district includes the project site, was not entirely convinced that the project had changed direction. “A jail is a jail is a jail,” Solis said in a statement. “It is not enough to change the name of the facility,” which would still need to be approved by the board of state and community corrections, she said.

It also bothered Solis that the new mental health facility was put forth without any input from professionals who work in the field. “We’re proposing the largest mental health institution” in the county, she said. “We should be holding back and deciphering what the population needs are.”

The jail replacement project had drawn sustained pushback over the years from critics who don’t want any new jails built. They have pushed for the money to go toward public health programs outside of correctional facilities.

At Tuesday’s meeting, hundreds of activists asked the board to revise the design contract to create five smaller mental health centers—one in each supervisor’s district—instead of the large facility Downtown.

They also argued that mental health facilities provided through the jail system are not the best way to help people who badly need it.

“We all agree that it’s time to tear down Men’s Central Jail and replace it with a reimagined space,” said Alberto Retana, president of South LA-based Community Coalition. But “we believe that 3,800 beds is far too many. And we just need a promise from this board that whatever you move through is not just window-dressing... it’s not just to appease us... but it’s a real commitment to reimagine the way we do safety in this county.”

The original plans for a new jail, named the Consolidated Correctional Treatment Facility, called for demolishing the Men’s Central Jail in phases and replacing it with a new, roughly 3,900-bed facility—a reduction from the existing jail’s 4,900 beds.

The existing jail will still be demolished under the approval proposal, with the new mental health treatment center rising in its place, at Vignes and Bauchet.

“The Men’s Central Jail is a decrepit, outdated facility inconsistent with human values and basic decency,” said Hahn. “It must be torn down.”

In a statement, Hahn said the county’s mental health, public health, and health services departments will be required to report back to the board with details “regarding the right size, scale, and scope of the project” and possible ways that the treatment center could be the first link in “a continuum of decentralized clinical facilities.”