But the Trump administration’s proposed budget would still bloat the federal deficit, adding $7 trillion over the next decade. That’s despite proposed cuts to domestic programs like Medicare and welfare and slashing agency budgets up and down the government.

Here’s a look at some of what the administration is proposing:

Cuts to Domestic Spending

The budget includes more than $3 trillion in proposed reductions to federal spending over a decade. Nearly half of that comes from a sort-of gimmick: The “two penny plan,” which would cut nondefense discretionary spending by 2 percent a year, every year. That compounds to roughly a 40 percent cut. It would be an aggressive — and largely politically unrealistic — number in any circumstance, but it appears especially so this year, because Congress just reached an agreement, which Mr. Trump signed, to raise spending caps for nondefense discretionary programs by 10 percent.

Rosy Assumptions on the Economy’s Growth

Mr. Trump’s plan could easily result in much larger federal deficits.

The administration made its calculations using assumptions about the nation’s economic trajectory that are more optimistic than the consensus among private-sector forecasters, or the assumptions used by other parts of the government.

The forecasts in Monday’s plan are also significantly more optimistic than the Trump administration itself used in its budget calculations last year.

Most notably, the administration projected annualized economic growth of 3.1 percent over the next three years. The Federal Reserve in December projected annualized growth of 2.2 percent over that period. The Survey of Professional Forecasters estimated the annualized growth rate at about 2.4 percent.