SAN DIEGO — Raul Villarreal was long a public face of the Border Patrol, frequently appearing on television news as an agency spokesman and acting as a dangerous human smuggler in a public service announcement intended to warn Mexicans about the dangers of entering the U.S. illegally.

Prosecutors contend now that he knew the smuggler’s role well because he really was one.

Mr. Villarreal and his older brother Fidel, a fellow former agent, are accused of smuggling hundreds of migrants in Border Patrol vehicles. Federal prosecutors say the brothers were tipped they were under investigation in June 2006, prompting them to flee to Mexico.

Shortly after settling in Tijuana, a district police commander in the Mexican border city who allegedly shuttled the Villarreals’ customers in squad cars was killed in a hail of about 200 bullets. The brothers were arrested in Tijuana in October 2008 - more than two years after abruptly quitting the Border Patrol - and extradited to the U.S. to face charges of human smuggling, witness tampering and bribery.

The case, which goes to trial next month in San Diego, is one of the highest-profile corruption cases to sting the Border Patrol since it went on a hiring spree during the last decade. The brothers, now in their early 40s, have pleaded not guilty to all counts.

The Border Patrol has suffered a string of such embarrassments since doubling its size over the last seven years to more than 21,000 agents. Its national strategy released last month emphasizes that even one misguided agent is unacceptable and outlines steps to combat corruption.

Criminal indictments against employees of Customs and Border Protection - which oversees Border Patrol agents and other border security officials - have increased each of the last four years to 60 in fiscal 2011, according to the Department of Homeland Security inspector general. There have been 232 indictments from October 2007 through April 2012.

The Villarreal case is unusual for the level of detail disclosed in recent pretrial briefings.

The family came to the U.S. from the central Mexican state of Jalisco in 1984, when the brothers were teenagers. Raul knew no English as a 14-year-old but quickly became fluent. He volunteered to read to children at libraries and collected food for the homeless, joining the Border Patrol in 1995 after earning a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice from San Diego State University.

Raul “pursued and achieved what is known to be the American Dream,” wrote David Nick, his attorney.

Fidel excelled as a student, got police training at community college, studied aviation at National University and joined the Border Patrol in 1998. His family says he had a habit of calling police to report graffiti in the neighborhood.

As adults, the Villarreal brothers lived with their parents and siblings at a house they bought for $140,000 in 1996 in National City, about 10 miles from the border. Letters from family and friends say they were devoted to their parents, a diabetic mother and a father with a heart condition.

The investigation began in May 2005 with an informant’s tip to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Investigators installed cameras on poles where migrants were dropped off, planted undercover recording devices, put tracking instruments on Border Patrol vehicles and followed a smuggling load by airplane.

The prosecution also relies on accounts of purported accomplices and illegal immigrants. One 24-year-old Brazilian woman said she paid $12,000 to be taken across the border in “a police car.”

The woman said a police official in Tijuana drove her to the border to a U.S. “immigration police” officer in a white camper. The officer wore a green uniform, hat and sunglasses and drove about 15 minutes before ordering the migrants to wait in roadside brush for another ride to a San Diego drop house.

Mr. Nick, Raul’s attorney, hinted at his defense in a court filing that said the prosecution hinges on “unreliable witnesses who have a strong motive to lie.” He said surveillance yielded nothing to incriminate his client. Fidel’s attorney, Zenia Gilg, wrote that the prosecution rests largely on supposed accomplices who were promised leniency for testifying and “inconsistent statements” from migrants.

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