In the aftermath of the attack, some in El Paso feared that copycat anti-Latino shootings would strike the city. As a result, several Hispanic residents and survivors sought to protect themselves — buying firearms, target-practicing at shooting ranges and applying for state-issued licenses to carry handguns.

Many others, including some Democratic lawmakers, blamed the White House for stoking hatred against Latinos with anti-immigrant rhetoric and policies.

When asked by a reporter on Thursday about the administration’s anti-immigrant rhetoric, the United States attorney in El Paso, John F. Bash, said the indictment charged the only person he believed was responsible for the attack — the gunman.

“What we prosecute is crimes of violence,” Mr. Bash said. “We don’t prosecute speech. And what I can say to the Hispanic community is that the Justice Department is totally engaged in stopping people who, for whatever motivation, but in particular for hateful motivations, would plot acts of violence on other people.”

In the six months since the shooting, El Paso remains in the midst of healing.

The Walmart store reopened just 12 weeks ago, and the last funeral a month before that — the services for Jorge Calvillo García, 61, were delayed so his wounded son could attend after being released from the hospital. The last remaining patient at the University Medical Center of El Paso — Mario De Alba, 48, a repairman from the Mexican state of Chihuahua who was shot in the back while shielding his wife and 9-year-old daughter — left the hospital in November, but he is expected to return this month for a follow-up surgery. One other victim, Guillermo Garcia, a girls’ soccer coach, has been hospitalized since the shooting and continues to receive treatment at Del Sol Medical Center.

“It’s been a long six months,” said Mr. Blanco, the state lawmaker. “This is another reminder that this is still a part of this process, and our community wants to heal, but we understand that the healing process will take many, many, many years.”

The Justice Department said it had charged more than 330 defendants with hate crimes since the federal hate crimes law was expanded in 2009, including more than 70 over the past three years.