WASHINGTON — The Republican-led House this week will lay bare the choice between social programs and Pentagon spending in an age of austerity when it takes up legislation to slice $261 billion from food stamps, Medicaid, social services and other programs for struggling Americans over the next decade to stave off more than $50 billion in military spending cuts scheduled to take effect next year.

The House Budget Committee on Monday took up budget bills passed out of six different committees last month, packaged them and sent them to the full House as one bill on a party-line vote. A separate bill, also approved by the committee, would formally lift the threat of automatic Pentagon cuts next year.

Neither of the measures will pass the Senate, but the final House vote this Thursday amounts to a Republican bet that voters will reward the party for its tough-love priorities, despite Democratic attacks that will only build in intensity this week.

“We are here to meet our legal and our moral obligations to lead,” said Representative Paul D. Ryan of Wisconsin, chairman of the House Budget Committee.