In 1947, the UN re-endorsed partition and the two-state solution . Again, the Arabs rejected the proposal, and went to war against the emergent Jewish state. But they lost. One of the tragic consequences of the 1948 War was the creation of some 700,000 Palestinian refugees. The Arab world proved unable to get over its humiliation at the hands of the puny Jewish community of just 650,000 souls, and the refugees, festering in squalid camps, stood as a permanent challenge to Arab manhood. The Palestinians, egged on by the Arab states, never acquiesced in the outcome. Moshe Dayan, then chief of the general staff, put it succinctly in 1956, in a eulogy at the graveside of a kibbutznik murdered by Arab infiltrators: “For eight years, they have sat in the refugee camps of Gaza, and have watched how we have turned their lands and villages, where they and their forefathers previously dwelled, into our home... Beyond the furrow of the border surges a sea of hatred and revenge... Let us not fear to look squarely at the hatred that consumes and fills the lives of hundreds [of thousands] of Arabs who live around us... This is our choice – to be ready and armed, tough and harsh – or else the sword shall fall from our hands and our lives will be cut short.”