Instead, she said the article demonstrated that Mr. Trump’s father believed in him. “One thing the article did get right is it showed that the president’s father actually had a great deal of confidence in him,” she said. “In fact, the president brought his father into a lot of deals and made a lot of money together.”

Mr. Trump has consistently refused to release his tax returns — although making returns public has been a common practice by every president and most presidential candidates dating back decades. That has left questions about his personal finances, business practices and taxes paid to the federal government. The 18-month Times investigation was based on reams of records and documents about the Trump family empire, though it did not unearth the president’s tax returns.

In the Twitter post, Mr. Trump singled out the notion of “time value of money,” an economic concept about how the value of one dollar today is worth more than the value of one dollar tomorrow. Among The Times’s findings was that Mr. Trump received today’s equivalent of $413 million from his father’s real estate empire, far more than a $1 million loan, to be repaid with interest, that Mr. Trump has regularly cited as the one-time loan that he shrewdly used to amass his eventual wealth and success.

The Times found that the original loan from his father was a series of loans totaling $60.7 million, today’s equivalent of $140 million.