Two lions rescued from neglected zoos in war zones in Iraq and Syria have been transported to South Africa to live at a sanctuary with other animals that survived harsh conditions in captivity elsewhere in the world.

Key points: A lion and a bear were the only two survivors of Mosul zoo

A lion and a bear were the only two survivors of Mosul zoo Both lions were traumatized and needed treatment after their rescues

Both lions were traumatized and needed treatment after their rescues There are nearly 2,900 wild lions and about 7,000 captive lions in South Africa

The male lions arrived in Johannesburg in metal crates on a Qatar Airways flight after leaving an animal refuge in Jordan on Sunday.

They were loaded onto vehicles for a drive of several hours to their new home at the Lionsrock facility near the town of Bethlehem.

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The lions were emaciated and dehydrated after the international animal welfare group Four Paws extracted them from a zoo in eastern Mosul in Iraq and an amusement park near Aleppo in Syria.

The two cities have experienced some of the worst fighting that has hit both countries in recent years, killing large numbers of people and leaving neighbourhoods in ruins.

Most of the 40 animals at the Mosul zoo died of starvation or were killed in bombings while some escaped from their enclosures, according to Four Paws.

The group's members reached the location a year ago and evacuated the only two animals they found — a bear and the roughly four-year-old lion named Simba — to Jordan.

The other lion, two-year-old Saeed, was rescued in July along with 12 other animals from Syria's Magic World amusement park.

The animals reached Jordan after staying for two weeks in Turkey, whose government assisted with the evacuation.

Both lions were traumatised when they arrived at the Al-Ma'wa Animal Sanctuary in Jordan, Four Paws said.

Since then, they have received medical care, including vasectomies and dental work, and have gained weight on a steady diet that included lamb meat treats.

Lions bred for trophy killings

The lions can expect similar treatment at Lionsrock, whose 80 lions came from a German circus and zoos in France, Romania, Congo and elsewhere.

Some are from South African captive-bred lion operations that often earmark the predators for "trophy" killings by customers.

The two lions were transported to a wildlife sanctuary in South Africa. ( AP: Themba Hadebe )

Some of the captive-bred residents of Lionsrock have deformities from inbreeding, and none can be released into the wild, said Fiona Miles, director of Four Paws' South Africa operation.

She said a key goal was to raise awareness about the conditions of lions and other animals in captivity around the world.

Conservationists point to broader challenges facing Africa's wild lions, whose population has plummeted.

Problems include shrinking habitats and poaching, in which lions get trapped in snares laid down indiscriminately.

Another concern is demand in some Asian countries for lion bones used in traditional medicine.

Currently, South Africa allows the legal, annual export of bones from hundreds of captive-bred lions to China and South-East Asia.

There are nearly 2,900 wild lions and about 7,000 captive lions in South Africa, according to the government.

Security at Lionsrock is tight, a necessary precaution in a country where poaching is a frequent threat.

Last year, poachers broke into another wildlife sanctuary in South Africa, killing two of its big cats.

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AP