WASHINGTON — The Federal Communications Commission took a step on Wednesday to relieve growing congestion on Wi-Fi networks in hotels, airports and homes, where Americans increasingly use multiple data-hungry tablets, smartphones and other devices for wireless communications.

The commission proposed making a large portion of high-frequency airwaves, or spectrum, available for unlicensed use by devices like the Wi-Fi routers that many Americans use in their homes. The new rules, after they receive final approval, would allow for transmission speeds of up to 1 gigabit per second — more than 100 times as fast as the Internet connection in the average American home.

The agency’s five commissioners also expressed hopes that the new unlicensed airwaves would unleash further innovations, just as unlicensed spectrum in the past has made possible such devices as cordless phones, garage door openers and television remote controls. Most of the public airwaves, like those used for television and radio broadcasting, or for cellphone signals and satellite transmissions, are licensed to specific companies, which then control that band of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Unlicensed airwaves, however, can be used by anyone, and they are increasingly used by wireless phone carriers like Verizon and AT&T, which divert nearly half of the data traffic off their systems and onto Wi-Fi networks to eliminate congestion caused by video downloads and similar bandwidth-hungry uses.