It was an effort, like many across the country, to try to slow the spread of the coronavirus in jails. But one day after officials in Hillsborough County, Fla., released more than 160 inmates, one of them shot and killed a man in Tampa, the authorities said.

The inmate, Joseph Edward Williams, 26, was arrested this week and charged with second-degree murder, resisting an officer with violence as well as drug and gun charges, according to the Hillsborough County Sheriff’s Office.

Mr. Williams had been released on March 19 from the Orient Road Jail in Tampa, awaiting resolution of lower-level, nonviolent drug offenses, the sheriff’s office said. He was accused of committing the murder the next day.

Mr. Williams was the only one of the 164 inmates released from two county jails to have been arrested again, the sheriff’s office said on Wednesday. But the case could reignite criticism from some law enforcement officials and prosecutors who had warned that releasing inmates as a public health response to the virus could jeopardize public safety.