Supreme Court reverses its 2013 judgement saying ‘discrimination on basis of sexual orientation violates rights’.

New Delhi, India – India’s Supreme Court has decriminalised gay sex in a landmark ruling.

The court heard petitions challenging the constitutional validity of Section 377 – a colonial-era law under which a same-sex relationship is an “unnatural offence” punishable by a 10-year jail term.

“Any discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation violates fundamental rights,” Chief Justice of India Dipak Misra, who was head of the five-judge bench, said in Thursday’s ruling.

“The constitution is a living organic document … pragmatic interpretation has to be given to combat rigorous inequality and injustice. Social morality cannot be used to violate the fundamental rights of even a single individual. Constitutional morality cannot be martyred at the altar of social morality.”

Any discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation violates fundamental rights Chief Justice of India Dipak Misra

Thursday’s judgement is a shot in the arm for India’s gay community.

“We become equal citizens with the removal of Section 377. Equal rights are accessible for us with this decriminalisation,” one of the petitioners in the case, Ashok Row Kavi, told Al Jazeera.

Hundreds of LGBTQ campaigners, who had gathered outside the Supreme Court in New Delhi, broke into loud cheers as news of the ruling reached them.

https://twitter.com/dhrubo127/status/1037591303301685248?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw

Activists say the law banning homosexuality had been used to harass and target the community.

“This section 377 is a terrible colonial legacy,” Menaka Guruswamy, one of the lawyers representing the petitioners, had argued in court in July.

She had urged the judges to “emancipate a class of people who have not been given the promises of our Constitution”.

‘Historic moment’

The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which has an overwhelming majority in parliament, has been silent on the issue of homosexuality so far. The government told the top court it would leave the decision to “the wisdom of the court”.

There are no official figures on the number of harassment cases as victims are scared to report crimes, fearing section 377 will be used against them.

Activist Kavi’s Humsafar Trust, a charity that works with India’s LGBTQ community, included a crises data report in its petition to the top court.

It said less than 20 percent of those surveyed had publicly revealed their sexual identity while two out of every five homosexuals in the country have faced blackmail after the top court had re-criminalised homosexuality in 2013.

Neighbouring China decriminalised homosexuality in 1997 and with this landmark ruling in India, a majority of Asians now will not face criminal charges for their sexual identities.

“It is indeed a historic moment for India, the world’s largest democracy and a global power on the rise. So the world is watching, and its neighbours are watching,” Lieu Anh Vu, Asia coordinator at the Geneva-based International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA), told Al Jazeera.

“LGBTI communities in Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh are also working to repeal similar remnants of British colonisation in their own country and the ruling from India will feed into more dialogues, at least among LGBTI civil society across these countries,” she added.

Take me as I am says the Chief Justice pronouncing his order on #Section377 . Is this the most beautiful, romantic judgdement ever delivered 🙂 — Rana Ayyub (@RanaAyyub) September 6, 2018

Homosexual acts are still illegal in most of India’s neighbouring countries, including Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh.

Conservative Indians

The ruling comes as a major respite but conservative Indians might not change their perception of the gay community, say activists.

Violence against homosexuals and transgender individuals in India in recent years has ranged from physical beatings and sexual assault to blackmail, bullying and extortion. Perpetrators of the violence have been family members, the general public and the police, say rights campaigners.

An anti-discrimination law would further boost efforts to fight homophobia in the deeply conservative nation, according to activists.

Activists such as Kavi advocate a more pragmatic approach.

“You can’t break the fortress in one go. Open the door. If the door gets opened, you are inside. Be inside and fight it out,” he said.

Gay-rights activists in India have been posting congratulatory messages on Twitter and Facebook since the court ruled on Thursday that gay sex was not a crime.

#Section377 Chandrachud – To deny the LGBT community their right to expression is also violative of the fundamental right to privacy. Human sexuality cannot be confined to a binary existence. — sflc.in (@SFLCin) September 6, 2018

The ruling is expected to have wide-ranging implications in the months to come, including its effect on the transgender community.

Lawyers arguing in the top court in July for the ban to be scrapped also referred to the rich regional heritage of cultural and religious depictions of homosexual relations.

Visitors to the ancient temples of Khajuraho in southern India, built in the 10th century, can find homosexual couples immortalised in its stone carvings.

Many Indian scriptures and ancient rulers, according to some historians, did not criminalise romantic or sexual relations between members of the same gender. Transgender individuals held high positions in courts of Mughal rulers in the 16th and 17th centuries.

“There was no persistent homophobia in Indic [Indian subcontinent] faith systems. There were no ancient injunctions against homosexuals or transgenders, known as Hijras, here. Societal homophobia that we see now seems to have been injected by the introduction of this anti-homosexual law, Section 377, by colonial British rulers,” said Kavi.