Mo Yan, Wade-Giles romanization Mo Yen, pseudonym of Guan Moye, (born March 5, 1955, Gaomi, Shandong province, China), Chinese novelist and short-story writer renowned for his imaginative and humanistic fiction, which became popular in the 1980s. Mo was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Britannica Quiz Exploring China: Fact or Fiction? Chinese years are named after animals.

Guan Moye attended a primary school in his hometown but dropped out in the fifth grade during the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution. He participated in farmwork for years before he started to work in a factory in 1973. He joined the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in 1976 and began writing stories in 1981 under the pseudonym Mo Yan, which means “Don’t Speak.”

While studying literature at the PLA Academy of Art from 1984 through 1986, he published stories such as Touming de hongluobo (“Transparent Red Radish”) and Baozha (“Explosions”; Eng. trans. in Explosions and Other Stories). His romantic historical story Honggaoliang (1986; “Red Sorghum”) was later published with four additional stories in Honggaoliang jiazu (1987; “Red Sorghum Family”; Red Sorghum); it won him widespread fame, especially after its adaptation into a film of the same name (1987). In his subsequent work he embraced various approaches—from myth to realism, from satire to love story—but his tales were always marked by an impassioned humanism. In 1989 his novel Tiantang suantai zhi ge (The Garlic Ballads) was published and in 1995 so too was the collection Mo Yan wenji (“Collected Works of Mo Yan”). Of the stories contained in the latter book, Mo himself was most satisfied with Jiuguo (1992; The Republic of Wine). The novel Fengru feitun (1995; Big Breasts and Wide Hips) caused some controversy, both for its sexual content and for its failure to depict class struggle according to the Chinese Communist Party line. Mo was forced by the PLA to write a self-criticism of the book and to withdraw it from publication (many pirated copies remained available, however).

Mo left his position in the PLA in 1997 and worked as a newspaper editor, but he continued writing fiction, with his rural hometown as the setting for his stories. He admitted that he had been greatly influenced by a wide array of writers such as William Faulkner, James Joyce, Gabriel García Márquez, Minakami Tsutomu, Mishima Yukio, and Ōe Kenzaburō. His later works include the collection of eight stories Shifu yue lai yue mo (2000; Shifu, You’ll Do Anything for a Laugh) and the novels Tanxiang xing (2001; Sandalwood Death), Shengsi pilao (2006; Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out), and Wa (2009; Frog).