To generate revenue, some airports have started to charge ride-hailing services to pick up or drop off passengers. But it’s an inconsistent patchwork. Although 48 states have passed legislation governing ride hailing, the laws in 43 of the states and Washington, D.C., cover operating permits and fees, background check requirements, operational standards and passenger protections. (The laws in the other five states are less comprehensive.) Only 23 of the states explicitly grant airports the authority to impose standards or fees for operations on airport property, said Maarit Moran, an associate transportation researcher at Texas A&M Transportation Institute.

Some airports ban ride-hailing companies or impose restrictions on where they may drop off or pick up passengers. The decision, Mr. Mundy said, is up to the airport owner or operator and subject to the state laws that govern ride-hailing companies.

At the end of October, Lyft operated at about 300 airports nationwide. Uber estimates that it serves more than 150 airports in North America.

Fresno Yosemite International Airport in California is one airport that said it’s feeling an economic pinch. The airport is served by Lyft; Uber discontinued service this year rather than comply with an airport operating agreement, a Fresno Yosemite spokeswoman said.

“Our parking revenue growth is no longer tracking our passenger growth,” said Kevin Meikle, director of aviation for the City of Fresno. The airport is looking at an estimated $250,000 in lost income this year.

Darren Perry, a managing director in the aviation and travel practice at L.E.K. Consulting in Boston, said the decline in fees for airports could become a major problem. “If that were to persist it would be difficult for the airports,” he said.