’S-HERTOGENBOSCH, the Netherlands — A small 16th-century oil on panel largely kept in storage at a Kansas City, Mo., museum is a work by the Dutch Renaissance master Hieronymus Bosch, researchers here said on Monday, a finding that, if accepted by other scholars, would add to the tiny list of about 25 recognized Bosch paintings in the world.

The painting, “The Temptation of St. Anthony,” dated 1500-1510, had previously been attributed to the workshop of Bosch or to a follower of Bosch, known for his comic and surreal images of heaven and hell and the earthly moral purgatory in between.

The new attribution is based on studies of underdrawings, a comparison of motifs and details on a microscopic level with similar ones in undisputed Bosch paintings, and an analysis of Bosch’s brush work. Taken together, the evidence indicates that “St. Anthony” is in Bosch’s “handwriting,” said experts from the Bosch Research and Conservation Project, a six-year, $3.3 million effort to study and catalog all of the artist’s works before the 500th anniversary of his death in 1516.

“It’s the same painting, and all of a sudden you see it with more affection,” Julián Zugazagoitia, the director and chief executive officer of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, said on Friday in Amsterdam. “It’s like your child who just won the Nobel Prize.”