While studying Vedic Mathematics, I came across some of the important concepts which forms base for most of those techniques.

So before actually going through Vedic Mathematics techniques we need understand the basics used. I have collected all these concepts and named them as Basic Requisites for understanding and learning Vedic Mathematics.

Basics of Vedic Mathematics:

Place Value System Vinculum Numbers (English Meaning: Complement of a Number). Work with Quotients & Remainders.

1. Place Value System: It denotes the value present at particular place. Place Value concept is used for Vinculum Numbers (For conversion of Vinculum Numbers to normal numbers and vice versa). Example: 2345 5 is present at Units place. Hence Place Value of 5 is 5.

4 is present at Tens place. Hence Place Value of 4 is 40.

3 is present at Hundreds place. Hence Place Value of 3 is 300.

2 is present at Thousands place. Hence Place Value of 2 is 2000. Hence

2345 = 2000 + 300 + 40 + 5

2. Vinculum Numbers: Vinculum means bar(line) present over the symbol/digit. Sanskrit Name: विनक्ल्म् English Translation: Complement of a number. Vinculum Process or Vinculum Numbers are the very basics of Vedic Mathematics. Vinculum Numbers is concept used in Vedic Mathematics and are those numbers which have atleast 1 digit which is negative (having bar over them). Also called as Bar Numbers. As seen earlier Normal Number can be written as 2345 = 2000 + 300 + 40 + 5 Similarly Vinculum Numbers can be written as and can be converted to normal numbers as below: Another Approach for converting Vinculum Number to General Number, I generally remember this from R –> L as below� (for better approach watch my below Video “Vedic Mathematics -1 (Vinculum 1of3)”). Convert 1st Bar digit from Right side to Normal digit (By taking its 10’s complement) Decrement the previous digit by 1 (If it comes negative then repeat these 2 steps.) Vinculum (Bar Number) –> Normal Number � (Check the video)

R –> L Find 1st Bar digit, take its 10’s complement. (a).If next digit is again a Bar digit, take its 9’s complement continue (a) until a non-bar digit is obtained.

(b). Decrement non-bar digit by 1. Continue (1) and (2) till complete number is covered. Usage: Vinculum numbers are used especially whenever we have higher digits (6, 7, 8, 9) in a number for carrying out Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, etc. Like any other number, Vinculum Number is a hypothetical number used in Vedic Mathematics to make calculations faster. Check this => Why numbers are Hypothetical. Similarly normal numbers can be converted to Vinculum (Bar) numbers. (i.e. converting bigger digits like 6,7,8,9 to smaller digits like 1,2,3,4.) (watch below Video “Vedic Mathematics -2 (Vinculum 2of3)”).

Similar process can be followed from R –> L Convert normal digit in Bar digit (By taking its 10’s complement) BUT Increment the previous digit by 1. Let’s take few examples in which we don’t want given number to have any digit greater than 5. (Convert Greater Digits like 6, 7, 8, 9 to smaller Vinculum Digits like 1, 2, 3, 4 using Vinculum process.) Normal number –> Vinculum (Bar) number � (Check the video) R –> L Find 1st digit > 5, take its 10’s complement with a Bar over it. (a).If next digit is >= 5, take its 9’s complement with a Bar over it & continue this till a digit < 5 is obtained.

(b). Increment <5 digit by 1. Continue (1) and (2) till complete number is covered. Subtraction using Vedic Mathematics: Most of us have difficulty and uncertainty whenever we need to do subtraction, especially when it comes to subtraction of larger digits from smaller digits. Vedic Mathematics’s Vinculum process can also be used for Subtracting 2 numbers. � (How ?? watch my below Video “Vedic Mathematics -1 (Vinculum 1of3)”). Process (R –> L): If bigger digit is to be subtracted from smaller digit, then just perform Bigger digit – Smaller digit and write bar over it.

If smaller digit is to be subtracted from bigger digit then carry usual method.

In final answer (Vinculum number) convert to normal number using Vinculum process. Multiplication and Division examples in Vedic Maths which uses Vinculum Process will be seen in respective topics. Multiplication in Vedic Mathematics using Nikhilam Sutra Multiplication in Vedic Mathematics using Urdhva Tiryak Sutra Division in Vedic Mathematics using Paravartya Sutra Division in Vedic Mathematics using Anurupyena Sutra Division in Vedic Mathematics using Flag Method

Watch below mathlearners video on Vinculum