Tehran insists its missile programme is ‘purely defensive’ and compliant with UN Security Council resolutions.

France, Germany, and the United Kingdom have accused Iran of developing nuclear-capable ballistic missiles, alleging the move goes against UN Security Council resolutions.

Ambassadors from the three European nations urged UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, in a letter circulated on Wednesday, to inform the council in his next report that Iran’s ballistic missile activity is “inconsistent” with the 2015 nuclear deal.

The letter cites footage released on social media on April 22 of a previously unseen flight test of a new Shahab-3 medium-range ballistic missile variant “equipped with a manoeuvrable re-entry vehicle”.

“The Shahab-3 booster used in the test is a Missile Technology Control Regime category-1 system and as such is technically capable of delivering a nuclear weapon,” it said.

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The Europeans noted that a 2015 report by the International Atomic Energy Agency on possible military dimensions of Iran’s nuclear programme concluded “that extensive evidence indicated detailed Iranian research in 2002-2003 on arming the Shahab-3 with a nuclear warhead”.

US officials have also said Iran is working to obtain nuclear-capable missiles, something the Iranians deny.

‘Inconsistent’

US President Donald Trump withdrew from the historic nuclear agreement between Iran and world powers in May 2018.

But it is still supported by the five other parties – France, Britain, Russia and China, all veto-wielding Security Council members – and Germany, which is currently serving a two-year term on the council.

“France, Germany and the United Kingdom assert once again our firm conclusion that Iran’s development of nuclear-capable ballistic missiles and related technologies is inconsistent” with the missile provision in the council resolution, the letter said.

That provision urges Iran “not to undertake any activity related to ballistic missiles designed to be capable of delivering nuclear weapons”.

But it does not require Tehran to halt such activity and the Iranian government insists all its missile activities are legal and not nuclear-related.

The European countries’ letter said they used the Missile Technology Control Regime “performance characteristics” that a rocket system would need to be capable of delivering at least a 500-kg payload to a range of at least 300km (185 miles) in order to be nuclear-capable.

New Shahab-3

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France, Germany, and the UK gave four examples of “Iranian activity inconsistent” with the July 20, 2015, Security Council resolution endorsing the nuclear agreement, which was signed six days earlier. In addition to the April 23 flight test of the new Shahab-3 missile variant, it cited:

The launch of the Borkan-3, “a new liquid-propelled medium-range ballistic missile” travelling about 1,300km (800 miles), which was announced by Iranian-backed Houthi forces in Yemen on August 2 and is an advancement of Iran’s Qiam-1 missile.

The July 24 launch of a ballistic missile that flew more than 1,000km (620 miles), which media reports indicated was a test launch of a Shahab-3 medium-range missile.

The August 29 attempted launch, reported by Iranian media, of a Safir satellite launch vehicle, which was unsuccessful. UN experts have said such launch vehicles share “a great deal of similar materials and technology” with ballistic missiles.

The European letter said these activities “are the latest in a long series of advances in Iranian ballistic missile technology”, and “furthermore, Iran continues its proliferation of ballistic missile technology in the region” in violation of Security Council resolutions.

The Security Council has scheduled a December 19 meeting to discuss the implementation of the 2015 resolution on the Iran nuclear deal.

During last year’s meeting, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo urged the council to again ban Iranian ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons, and to maintain an arms embargo that is scheduled to be lifted in 2020 under the nuclear deal.