

6. Fossil Skulls



Blow From Fossil Skulls to Darwinism



Imitation in Apes Does Not Mean that Apes Can Evolve into Humans



The Tale of Human Evolution is Full of Deceptions

Darwin’s thesis, suggesting that men and apes evolved from a common ancestor, could not be supported by scientific findings, neither during the period it was first proposed, nor in the years since the middle of the 19th century—that is, for approximately 150 years, all efforts put forth to support the fable of man’s evolution have proved void.All fossils collected have proven that apes were always apes and men were always men; that apes did not transform into men, and that apes and men shared no common ancestor.Despite Darwinists’ intense propaganda and attempts of intimidation in academic circles, many scientists have found the courage to express this truth. One of them is David Pilbeam, a paleontologist of Harvard University, who states that the so-called evolution of man is a suggestion devoid of any scientific data:If you brought in a smart scientist from another discipline and showed him the meager evidence we’ve got he’d surely say, “Forget it; there isn’t enough to go on.” William Fix, author of The Bone Peddlers, a book on paleontology, expresses how the so-called “evolution” of man is not supported by scientific evidence:As we have seen, there are numerous scientists and popularizers today who have the temerity to tell us that there is “no doubt” how man originated. If only they had the evidence... In the face of the disappointment caused by the fossil record and the lack of any evidence, evolutionists could only re-arrange the fake skulls several times and make speculations about skulls which have been documented to be counterfeits. However, researches made on the skulls of apes, as well as other living beings and different human races that lived in the past, revealed that these living beings have had existed with all the features they had and have not changed throughout history.This means that living beings have not undergone any process of evolution, and have all been created by the All-Mighty God. As the examples in the following pages also reveal, as well as other organs and limbs of many living creatures such as frogs, lizards, dragonflies, flies and cockroaches, their heads also have not changed. The head structures of birds and fish also remained the same. From the first moment, lions, wolves, foxes, rhinoceroses, pandas, tigers, leopards and hyenas were created, they had the same head structures and they retained these same structures for tens of millions of years.This unchanging anatomy refutes the claim of evolution of living beings.Just like all other organs and features, the skulls and the head structures of the various species have remained exactly the same for millions of years. No evolutionary change has ever occurred in the skulls of any living creature. Just like all those species that remained exactly the same for millions of years without any evolutionary change, nor have humans ever faced any evolutionary change. We have always existed as humans, with all our anatomical features. The skulls that are put forward as evidence for so-called evolution belong either to extinct species of monkeys, or to human races that no longer exist today. And none of them can be accepted as evidence for evolution.This sameness, which is common to all species, also holds true for man. Just as no changes have happened in the head structures of tens of thousands of living species over millions of years, no evolutional change occurred in the skulls of men. Just as fish have always remained as fish, birds have always remained as birds and reptiles remained as reptiles, so men always remained as men. No organ or structure of any living being have “evolved” from the primitive to more advanced forms, as evolutionists continually suggest.While evolutionists talk about the so-called evolution of man, they make their own evolutionary arrangement and family tree, presenting the volumes, eyebrow projection or forehead structures of the skulls they unearth as evidence. But these structural differences are by no means any evidence for evolution, for some of these skulls belong to different races of men who lived in the past, whereas others belong to some extinct species of ape. It is utterly natural that different human races should have different skull structures. Different fish species also have differently shaped heads. For instance the shape of head of a salmon trout is much different from that of an eel, yet both are fish.Similarly, there are differences between the skull structures of different human races. There are differences in forehead structures, eyeholes, eyebrow projections and skull volumes between Pigmies and British, Russians and Chinese, Aborigines and Inuit or Blacks and Japanese. Yet these differences do not mean that one race has evolved from another or that any particular race is “more primitive” or “more advanced” than any other.As long as an Aborigine line does not mix up with another race, their features will always remain the same. No matter how much time passes, these people will not evolve in such a way as to acquire different features. They will not acquire skulls with bigger volumes or different anatomical features.Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) are humans who appeared in Europe 100,000 years ago and ceased to exist approximately 35,000 years ago-or may have been assimilated by mixing with other human races. The main differences between them and present-day humans are that their skeletons are a bit more massive and the average volumes of their skulls are a bit larger. Scientific findings point out that Neanderthals were a fully human race with a level of intelligence and culture no different than those of ours. Cro-Magnon Man is also a race believed to have lived 30,000 years ago. They have a dome-shaped skull and a wide forehead. The 1600-cubic-centimeter volume of their skull is higher than that of the average present- day human. They have thick eyebrow bulges on their skulls and also have a bony bulge at the back of their skulls, which is also a characteristic feature of Neanderthals.Much the same kind of physical differences between the Cro-Magnon and Neanderthals also exist between the present-day human races. Just as the diversities between an American and an Inuit, or an African and a European, do not prove that any one of them is superior to any other; so physical properties of these extinct races do not make them primitive or ape-like. These races were assimilated by the other races or, for some unknown reason, they left the stage of history. Yet in no way were they “primitives” or “half-apes.” They existed as perfect human beings.For instance, some Malaysian natives living today have the large eyebrow projections and the foreheads that are inclined backwards—a feature peculiar to Homo erectus skulls, which evolutionists call “primitive.” If the suggestions of evolutionists were true, then these Malaysian natives should have the so-called structure and appearance of an under-developed man, who was recently evolved from apes. However, this is by no means the case. The fact that some anatomical features of the Homo erectus skull are also seen today reveals that H. erectus was not a primitive species, as well as the fact that the evolutionist scenario of “man’s family tree” is simply a lie.In brief, the fact that some races of humans who lived in the past have different anatomical structures is no evidence for evolution. Anatomical differences can be seen in every age, between every different human race. The skulls of Americans and Japanese, Europeans and Aborigines, Inuit, Blacks or Pygmies are not the same. Yet this does not suggest that any of these races is more advanced or more primitive than any other.If, thousands of years later, a scientist finds the skull of an American 1.90 meters tall who lived in the 2000s and decides to compare it with the skull of a Japanese 1.60 meters in height who also lived in the 21st century, he will observe many differences, the size being the first.If, based on these differences, he claims that Americans were more advanced in the imaginary evolutionary process while Japanese were simply primitive hominids, his interpretation will surely be far from reflecting the truth.Moreover, size of a skull is no measure of a human being’s intelligence or skills. Many people have adequately-developed bodies, but limited mental capabilities. Similarly, there are many very intelligent people whose bodies and indeed, skulls are smaller than others’. Based solely on size, ranking these people’s skulls into a so-called evolutionary arrangement would surely have no scientific value, for any such arrangement will not reflect the facts. Differences in skull volume makes no difference on intelligence and skills, as is well-known.The skull of someone who engages in intense mental activities throughout his life does not grow. He simply becomes more mentally capable. Intelligence changes not according to the volume of the brain, but via the organization of neurons and synapses within the brain. Darwinists claim that the imitative capability of apes is evidence for their allegation that apes evolved into humans. True, apes are capable of imitating the gestures and behaviors they see. When trained to do so, they can differentiate the shapes and colors of objects, and react intelligently to stimuli. However, this does not mean that they evolved into humans over the course of time. If such was the case, then all the animal species known to be intelligent—dogs, cats, horses—should be expected to evolve into humans gradually.For instance, when parrots are trained, they can discriminate square shapes from the circles, red from blue, and can replace objects in the right places. Moreover, the parrots have the ability to talk by imitating human voices, which apes cannot do. In which case—according to the unreasonable claims of the Darwinists—parrots should have a greater possibility of evolving into intelligent humans.The fox is another animal known for its intelligence. According to Darwinists’ unreasonable and unscientific logic, the skull size of foxes should grow gradually, proportional to their intelligence, and in time, these mammals should evolve into a species as intelligent and conscious as humans. However this transformation never happened. Foxes have always remained foxes.It is amazing to watch people with academic careers seriously trying to explain these unreasonable claims, by embellishing them with scientific terms and Latin words. No matter how the apes develop their mental capabilities and manual skills, or imitate what they see around them, this would not some day make them humans. Apes have always been apes, and will always remain so. And no matter how hard evolutionists may argue otherwise, the truth is evident: Man has come into existence not through any evolutionary process but has been created by God, with the intelligence, consciousness and conscience God has given him.Man was created as man and has existed as man since his creation. This is the truth that both wisdom and science have shown us.Throughout geologic history, more than 6,000 species of ape have lived, and most have gone extinct. Today, only 120 ape species remain on the Earth. But those approximately 6,000 extinct species of apes constitute a rich resource for the evolutionists. They created a scenario for human evolution that suited their purposes by arranging some of the skulls of extinct ape species and human races in an order, from the smallest to the largest and embellishing them with prejudiced comments. By using these methods, they have been trying for years to gain adherents for the theory of evolution and deceive people. But now they need to see that the methods they’ve employed are no longer of any use.Some of the fabricated evidence that evolutionists use to convince others that the scenario of human evolution is true are these:1. The Piltdown Man, discovered by Charles Dawson in 1912 and which was alleged to be 500,000 years old, was displayed as an absolute proof of so-called human evolution. However, about 40 years after the “fossil” was discovered, scientists examined it once more and revealed an astonishing forgery. The Piltdown Man’s skull belonged to a 500-year-old man, and its mandibular bone belonged to a recently deceased ape. The teeth had been specially arranged and added to the jaw, and their joints filed down in order to make them resemble those of a human. Then all these pieces of bone had been stained with potassium dichromate to give them an ancient appearance.2. In 1922, Henry Fairfield Osborn, the director of the American Museum of Natural History, declared that he had found a fossilized molar tooth belonging to the Pliocene epoch in western Nebraska near Snake Brook. This tooth allegedly bore the common characteristics of both man and ape, and came from a new species dubbed “Nebraska Man.” Based on this single tooth, reconstructions of Nebraska Man’s head and body were conjectured. Moreover, Nebraska Man was even pictured with his entire family! But in 1927, other parts of the skeleton were also found, and these newly discovered pieces showed that the tooth belonged neither to a man nor to an ape, but to an extinct species of wild American pig called Prosthennops.3. Ramapithecus is known to be the biggest and longest-lasting fallacies of the theory of evolution. This name was given to fossils found in India in 1932, which allegedly represented the first stage of the split between the man and the ape, which supposedly occurred 14 million years ago. This fossil was used as solid evidence by the evolutionists for 50-some years. However, further analysis revealed that the dental characteristics of Ramapithecus were quite similar to that of some living chimpanzees. For example, Theropithecus galada, a high-altitude baboon living in Ethiopia, has incisors and canines, which are small relative to those of other living apes, and a short face like Ramapithecus. In the April 1982 issue of Science, an article titled “Humans lose an early ancestor” announced that Ramapithecus is only an extinct orangutan.4. In July 1984, a nearly complete fossilized skeleton of an obvious human was discovered in Lake Turkana in Kenya. It is assumed that this fossil, nicknamed Turkana Boy, had been about 12 years old, and would have stood 1.83 meters tall when he became an adult. The erect structure of the skeleton is in no way different from humans today. The long, tall build of this skeleton totally matches with the skeletons of men currently living in the world’s tropical regions. Richard Leakey said that this boy would go unnoticed in a crowd today. Since this human skeleton was found in strata dated to be 1.6 million years old, it was classified by age alone as another representative of Homo erectus. The Turkana Boy is a typical example of the prejudiced and tendentious interpretation of the fossils by evolutionists.5. “Lucy” is the name given to the fossil discovered by anthropologist Donald Johanson in 1974. Many evolutionists claimed that Lucy was the transitional form between the humans and their so-called hominid ancestors. However further analysis on this fossil revealed that Lucy is only the member of an extinct ape species, known as Australopithecus. The brain size of the Australopithecus is similar to chimpanzees. Many other characteristics—such as details in their skulls, the closeness of their eyes, their sharp molar teeth, their mandibular structure, their long arms and short legs—constitute evidence that these creatures were no different from today’s chimpanzees. Even the pelvis is similar to that of chimpanzees.5 6. Richard Leakey presented the skull designated KNM-ER 1470—which he said was 2.8 million years old—as the greatest discovery in the history of anthropology. According to him, this creature had a small cranial capacity like that of Australopithecus, together with a face similar to that of present-day humans, and was the missing link between Australopithecus and humans. Yet after a short while, it was realized that the KNM-ER 1470 skull’s human-like face, which frequently appeared on the covers of scientific journals and popular scientific magazines, was the result of an incorrect assembly of skull fragments—which “mistake” may have been deliberate.As you have seen, there is no scientific discovery that supports, much less confirms, the theory of evolution, only some scientists who believe in it blindly. These scientists believe in the myth of evolution themselves, even though it lacks any scientific foundation, and also try to make others believe it by using deceptive constructions and prejudiced interpretations. All the news about the so-called “ancestor of humans” and the illustrations used in these news are simply fabrications. Solid evidence has demolished the tale of human evolution.In the following pages, we give some examples of the innumerable fossilized skulls that invalidate the theory of evolution. These skulls are among the evidence that none of these living creatures has ever changed throughout history, that none has transformed itself into another species and that every species has always existed with all the features it possessed from the very beginning.Along with these pieces of evidence, the impasse and the absence of logic in Darwinist thought are presented. For example, Darwinists claim that species improved through continuous change. But how do they explain the constancy which is regularly seen in all living creatures? The theory of evolution that claims humans are supposedly descended from apes should also explain why other species have not undergone a process of transformation similar to the imaginary one apes have supposedly experienced.Darwinists have no answer as to why bears have not decided to become bipedal on a given day, or why a fox has not been evolved into a skilled professor by developing its intelligence, or why a panda has not become a painter who creates impressive works of art. The subject of evolution has been depicted with examples and logics that even children could easily dismiss, simply to proclaim the inconceivable irrationality of Darwinism. Darwinism is presented as if it were a scientific theory, but is in fact an inconceivably irrational ideology.As you shall see, Darwinism is the biggest scandal in history, founded entirely on lies and fraud and on irrational and illogical claims. The entire world will witness the final collapse of Darwinism in the 21st century._______________________________________________________________________________________________1. Richard E. Leakey, The Making of Mankind, London: Michael Joseph Limited, 1981, p. 43.2. William R. Fix, The Bone Peddlers, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1984, pp. 150-153.3. Marvin Lubenow, Bones of Contention, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1992, p. 136.4 Ibid., p. 83.5 Richard Allan and Tracey Greenwood, “Primates and Human Evolution” in the textbook Year 13 Biology, 1999, Student Resource and Activity Manual, (Biozone International, printed in New Zealand), p. 260.Fox Skull8.6 million years oldMioceneChinaIn suggesting that humans are supposedly descended from the apes, evolutionists point to various skulls as evidence of this—in their own eyes at least. Scenarios constructed around these skulls, which belong either to extinct apes or to different human races that existed at one time in the past, are all deceptions. There has been no change in the general anatomy or skull structure of any living thing throughout the course of time, and it is unrealistic to claim that apes underwent such a change.As the 8.6-million-year-old fox skull pictured here shows, fox skulls have never altered. Foxes did not suddenly decide to further develop their intelligence, expand their brain volumes and turn into another form of carnivore by altering their structures. Foxes have always been foxes, lions have always existed as lions, and apes have always been apes.As concrete findings make increasingly clear, the claim that living things descended from one another, and that the ancestor of humans was a species of ape, is a terrible lie.Wolf Skull9.5 million years oldMioceneChinaThe 9.5-million-year-old wolf skull pictured here shows that wolves have undergone no changes in the structure of their skulls over millions of years. This stasis applies to all other living things as well. There has been no alteration in the skull of the wolves, tigers, horses, bears or monkeys. It is therefore illogical for evolutionists to insist that apes gradually altered their anatomies over the course of time and turned into human beings.Ever since the late 1800s, Darwinists have been deceiving people with countless falsehoods under a scientific guise. Today, however, when science has advanced and after the Internet has become widespread, it is impossible for this lie to persist.Tiger Skull79 million years oldCretaceousChinaNo tiger ever thought to itself one day, “Why shouldn't I walk on two legs?” and began doing so by altering its skeletal structure.As the 79-million-year-old fossil pictured here reveals, tigers never underwent any process of change. This applies to all living things. Every species was brought into being with its own particular features and remained the same for as long as it survived on Earth. The ideas that living species are in a constant state of change, that they develop from the primitive to the more complex, and that they descended from one another—all are simply figments of the imagination, supported by no scientific findings at all.Fox Skull95 million years oldCretaceousChinaDarwinists believe that if millions of years are allowed for blind coincidences to occur repeatedly, they can produce miracles. They imagine that blind coincidences can turn inanimate substances such as soil into living beings and one living species into another—fish into crocodiles, for example, crocodiles into dinosaurs, dinosaurs into birds, or bears into whales. The fact is that no fox or crocodile, lizard or fish or algae or flower has ever undergone such a change. Fossils dating back hundreds of millions of years have proved that living things have undergone no changes or transformations in all that time. Like the 95-million-year-old fox skull pictured, all fossils reveal that Darwinism is invalid.Brown Bear Skull90 million years oldCretaceousChinaBrown bears (Ursos arctos), members of the family Ursidae, have fur that is brown or occasionally cream-colored. They generally live in forested, mountainous areas.No brown bear ever thought to itself “Why don't I improve my intelligence, alter my skull and found a civilization?” and forthwith set about building cities, producing works of art, creating literature and making scientific discoveries. Bears have always existed as bears and never developed into any other life form.All living things have survived with exactly the same features they have always possessed. It is quite illogical and irrational to claim that apes turned into human beings. And there is no scientific basis whatsoever for this claim.Wolf Skull9.3 million years oldMioceneChinaIf evolutionist claims were true, then the skulls of wolves that lived 9.3 million years ago should be markedly different from those of wolves living today. But as can be seen from the specimen pictured here, a present-day wolf skull and this 9.3-million-year-old one are identical. No wolf, in all the intervening millions of years, ever asked itself, “Why shouldn't I expand my abilities and compose an opera?” and turned into a musician, or thought to itself, “Why don't I design palaces?” and attempted to become an architect.As the fossil record clearly proves, not just wolves, but no other living species has undergone any changes in its physical structure, and no life form has ever developed into another. Darwinists, however, claim that evolutionary changes—which are nowhere to be seen in the physical characteristics of fish, insects, reptiles, birds or mammals—actually took place in apes; and that some species of ape turned into human beings. Yet by itself, the stasis in all living species is sufficient to show that this claim is a lie.Arctic Fox Skull8.2 million years oldMioceneChinaInfluenced by apes' abilities to mimic, Darwinists claim that these animals managed to enhance their intelligence and developed into human beings. The fact is, however, that many living things in nature have the ability to mimic or are known for their highly intelligent behavior. Foxes, for example, are highly intelligent and cunning. But no fox ever said to itself one day, “Since I am such an intelligent animal, why don't I become a scientist?" and one day began examining the cells that constitute his own body under an electron microscope! No matter how clever they may be, foxes have always remained foxes.In the same way, and as is proved by scientific findings, apes have always existed as apes, and human beings as human beings. Evolutionists' ignoring scientific evidence and attempting to cover up the facts does not change anything. The origin of life is Creation.Panda Skull88 million years oldCretaceousChinaThe fossil record has proved that pandas have always existed as pandas and have never undergone any evolution. One such piece of evidence is that of the 88-million-year-old fossilized panda skull pictured here.No panda that ever lived said to itself one day, “I can sometimes stand on two legs, so why don't I always walk on two legs and stand upright?” and then set about changing its skeletal structure. Pandas have always remained exactly the same, with all the characteristics they still possess, despite the passage of tens of millions of years.This fact regarding pandas also applies to all other life forms. No living thing has ever undergone a process of evolution or experienced any transformation.Tiger Skull78 million years oldCretaceousChinaAltering skulls belonging to extinct species of apes and portraying these as evidence of supposed human evolution has literally become a habit for Darwinists. Although their hoaxes have been exposed each and every time, the way that they persist in doing so is an indication of their despair—because millions of fossil skull specimens belonging to countless life forms have proved that neither the living things we see today, nor those that lived in the past and which we encounter abundantly in the fossil record, ever underwent evolution.Fossils document that tigers have always existed as tigers, wolves as wolves, rhinoceroses as rhinoceroses, and orangutans as orangutans.The 78-million-year-old fossil tiger pictured here is just one example. There is no difference between the skulls of tigers that existed 78 million years ago and those alive today.Bear Skull80 million years oldCretaceousChinaThe way that the media attempt to portray Darwinism as an “indisputable” scientific fact is actually the result of an ideological struggle. In fact, Darwinism is well known to be an outdated theory that increasingly conflicts with scientific findings. Fossils are one of the many findings that verify this.Evolutionists claim that humans and apes are supposedly descended from a common ancestor, but are unable to account for the lack of the slightest change in the skull, head structure, or skeleton of any living thing over tens of millions of years. The question of why apes should one day have developed into human beings when no such change took place in the anatomy of any other species goes unanswered. Evolutionists have no rational answer to the question of why monkeys, and bears did not begin speaking, composing, producing pictures and statues, constructing impressive buildings, writing novels, poems, plays and screenplays, making technological discoveries and exploring space.In the same way that no bear one day decided to acquire advanced features and turn into another life form, so apes did not turn into human beings. Bears have always existed as bears, apes as apes, and human beings as human beings.The 80-million-year-old bear fossil pictured here is no different from specimens alive today, revealing this fact for all to see.Siberian Wolf Skull80 million years oldCretaceousChinaThis 80-million-year-old Siberian wolf skull proves that siberian wolfs have always existed as wolfs, showing that this species has never altered throughout the course of history. No Siberian wolf, for instance, ever thought to itself, “I can run very fast, so why don't I alter my skeletal structure and become an athlete?", promptly changed its anatomy, and won an Olympic medal! Whatever features the Siberian wolf had when it was first created, other Siberian wolfs have maintained over the course of tens of millions of years. They never underwent evolution in any way.