WASHINGTON — President Trump is expected to remind Congress on Friday of his promised crackdown on undocumented immigrants in the United States by highlighting the brutal violence of the transnational gang MS-13 as the face of illegal immigration in America.

Using a visit to Long Island to revive a signature theme of his campaign, Mr. Trump will say that he plans to ask Congress to authorize hiring an additional 10,000 Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents and substantially more immigration judges to beef up the tracking and deportation of undocumented immigrants. He also will call for expedited removal of Central Americans who enter the United States without authorization, according to a White House official, who spoke Thursday on the condition of anonymity to avoid pre-empting the president’s remarks.

Additionally, Mr. Trump will demand the denial of federal grant money to so-called sanctuary cities that do not assist federal authorities in detaining undocumented immigrants. He will also call for the approval of Kate’s Law — named for a woman killed by an undocumented immigrant — to strengthen criminal penalties for people who repeatedly re-enter the United States without authorization, the official said.

The renewed push comes as Mr. Trump, lacking major legislative victories and burdened by bitter White House infighting, is eager to refocus on anti-immigrant policies that powered his presidential campaign and thrilled his core supporters. It also caps a week largely consumed by Mr. Trump’s remarkably public feud with Jeff Sessions, his attorney general and an architect of the president’s immigration stances, which has dismayed congressional Republicans and threatened to sap enthusiasm among his staunchest backers.