Programm des Staatlichen Bauhauses in Weimar, Apr 1919. 4 p., 32 cm. Cover by Lyonel Feininger. Walter Gropius,, Apr 1919. 4 p., 32 cm. Cover by Lyonel Feininger. Download (22 MB). Source

Walter Gropius, Schema zum Aufbau der Lehre am Bauhaus, 1922.

Louis Held, Bauhaus Party at the Gaststätte Ilmschlösschen Tavern near Weimar, 29 November 1924. [1]

Teachers on the Roof of the Bauhaus Studio Building in Dessau, c1926. L-R: Albers, Scheper, Muche, Moholy-Nagy, Bayer, Schmidt, Gropius, Breuer, Kandinsky, Klee, Feininger, Stölzl, Schlemmer.

The Bauhaus was founded in 1919 in the city of Weimar by German architect Walter Gropius. Its core objective was a radical concept: to reimagine the material world to reflect the unity of all the arts. Gropius explained this vision for a union of crafts, art and technology in the Programm des Staatlichen Bauhauses Weimar (1919), which described a utopian craft guild combining architecture, sculpture, and painting into a single creative expression [Gesamtkunstwerk]. Gropius developed a curriculum that would turn out artisans and designers capable of creating useful and beautiful objects appropriate to this new system of living.

The Bauhaus combined elements of both fine arts and design education. The curriculum commenced with a preliminary course that immersed the students, who came from a diverse range of social and educational backgrounds, in the study of materials, colour theory, and formal relationships in preparation for more specialized studies. This preliminary course was often taught by visual artists, including Johannes Itten, László Moholy-Nagy, Josef Albers, Paul Klee, and Wassily Kandinsky, among others.

The workshops included metalworking, weaving, ceramics, carpentry, graphic printing, printing and advertising, photography, glass and wall painting, stone and wood sculpture, and theatre. Among the teachers were also Herbert Bayer, Marcel Breuer, Hinnerk Scheper, Joost Schmidt, Gunta Stölzl, and Walter Peterhans. (More about the workshops, classes, and teachers and students.)

In 1925, the Bauhaus moved from Weimar to Dessau. Gropius stepped down as director of the Bauhaus in April 1928, succeeded by the architect Hannes Meyer. Under pressure from an increasingly right-wing municipal government, Meyer resigned as director of the Bauhaus in 1930. He was replaced by architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The political situation in Germany, combined with the perilous financial condition of the Bauhaus, caused Mies to relocate the school to Berlin in September 1932, where it operated on a reduced scale. The Bauhaus eventually dissolved itself under pressure from the Nazis in 1933.

During the years of World War II, many of the key figures of the Bauhaus emigrated to the United States, where their work and their teaching philosophies influenced generations of young architects and designers. Marcel Breuer and Josef Albers taught at Yale, Walter Gropius went to Harvard, and Moholy-Nagy established the New Bauhaus in Chicago in 1937. [2] [3]

Protagonists [ edit ]

Books [ edit ]





1. Walter Gropius (ed.), Internationale Architektur, 1925. 111 p., 23 cm. Walter Gropius (ed.),, 1925. 111 p., 23 cm. PDF (111 MB). 2. Paul Klee, Pädagogisches Skizzenbuch, 1925. 50 p., 23 cm. Paul Klee,, 1925. 50 p., 23 cm. Log PDF (33 MB). 3. Adolf Meyer (ed.), Ein Versuchshaus des Bauhauses in Weimar, 1925. 78 p. Adolf Meyer (ed.),, 1925. 78 p. Log PDF (44 MB).

4. Die Bühne im Bauhaus, 1925. 84 p., 23 cm. , 1925. 84 p., 23 cm. Log PDF (72 MB). 5. Piet Mondrian, Neue Gestaltung, Neoplastizimus, Nieuwe Beelding, 1925. 66 p. Piet Mondrian,, 1925. 66 p. Log PDF (5 MB). 6. Theo van Doesburg, Grundbegriffe der neuen gestaltenden Kunst, 1925. 40+[26] p. Theo van Doesburg,, 1925. 40+[26] p. Log PDF (11 MB).

7. Neue Arbeiten der Bauhauswerkstätten, 1925. 115 p., 23 cm. , 1925. 115 p., 23 cm. PDF (118 MB). 8. L. Moholy-Nagy, Malerei, Fotografie, Film, 2nd ed., 1927. 140 p., 23 cm. L. Moholy-Nagy,, 2nd ed., 1927. 140 p., 23 cm. Log PDF (131 MB). 9. Kandinsky, Punkt und Linie zu Fläche: Beitrag zur Analyse der malerischen Elemente, 1926. 190 p., 23 cm. Kandinsky,, 1926. 190 p., 23 cm. PDF (134 MB).

10. J.J.P. Oud, Holländische Architektur, 1926. 107 p., 23 cm. J.J.P. Oud,, 1926. 107 p., 23 cm. PDF (89 MB). 11. Kasimir Malewitsch, Die gegenstandslose Welt, 1927. 104 p., 24 cm. Kasimir Malewitsch,, 1927. 104 p., 24 cm. PDF (84 MB). 12. Walter Gropius, Bauhausbauten Dessau, 1930. 221 p., 23 cm. Walter Gropius,, 1930. 221 p., 23 cm. PDF (222 MB).

13. Albert Gleizes, Kubismus, 1928. 101 p. Albert Gleizes,, 1928. 101 p. 14. László Moholy-Nagy, Von Material zu Architektur, 1929. 241 p. László Moholy-Nagy,, 1929. 241 p. Log PDF (98 MB).

1. Walter Gropius (ed.), Internationale Architektur, Munich: Albert Langen, 1925, 111 pp, PDF, JPG.

3. Adolf Meyer (ed.), Ein Versuchshaus des Bauhauses in Weimar, Munich: Albert Langen, 1925, 78 pp.

5. Piet Mondrian, Neue Gestaltung, Neoplastizimus, Nieuwe Beelding, Munich: Albert Langen, 1925, 66 pp.

10. J.J.P. Oud, Holländische Architektur, Munich: Albert Langen, 1926, 107 pp.

12. Walter Gropius, Bauhausbauten Dessau, Munich: Albert Langen, 1930, 221 pp.

13. Albert Gleizes, Kubismus , Munich: Albert Langen, 1928, 101 pp; repr. in Gleizes, Puissances du cubisme , 1969; repr., Mainz and Berlin: Florian Kupferberg, 1980. Written 1925-28. The Epic: From Immobile Form to Mobile Form , trans. Peter Brooke, Association des Amis d'Albert Gleizes, 1995. (English) more translations

Albert Gleizes, , Munich: Albert Langen, 1928, 101 pp; repr. in Gleizes, , 1969; repr., Mainz and Berlin: Florian Kupferberg, 1980. Written 1925-28.

14. László Moholy-Nagy, Von Material zu Architektur , Munich: Albert Langen, 1929, 241 pp; facsimile repr., Mainz and Berlin: Florian Kupferberg, 1968, 251 pp. The New Vision: From Material to Architecture , trans. Daphne M. Hoffman, New York: Breuer Warren and Putnam, 1930; exp.rev.ed. as The New Vision and Abstract of an Artist , New York: George Wittenborn, 1947, 92 pp. (English) more translations

László Moholy-Nagy, , Munich: Albert Langen, 1929, 241 pp; facsimile repr., Mainz and Berlin: Florian Kupferberg, 1968, 251 pp.

Journal [ edit ]

bauhaus 1:4 (24 Oct 1927). 1:4 (24 Oct 1927). PDF (16 mb). bauhaus: zeitschrift für bau und gestaltung 2:1 (15 Feb 1928). 2:1 (15 Feb 1928). PDF (24 mb). bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 2:2/3 (1 Jul 1928). 2:2/3 (1 Jul 1928). PDF (45 mb).

bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 2:4 (1 Oct 1928). 2:4 (1 Oct 1928). PDF (45 mb). bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 3:1 (1 Jan 1929). 3:1 (1 Jan 1929). PDF (42 mb). bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 3:2 (15 May 1929). 3:2 (15 May 1929). PDF (42 mb).

bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 3:3 (15 Jul 1929). 3:3 (15 Jul 1929). PDF (44 mb). bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 3:4 (15 Nov 1929). 3:4 (15 Nov 1929). PDF (42 mb). bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 4:1 (Jan 1931). 4:1 (Jan 1931). PDF (5 mb).

The above PDFs were assembled from scans on IADDB.org, with the exception of 4(2) which is sourced from Baunet Reader.

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library hosts partial scan of 1(1), and Baunet Reader offers different scans of 2(1) and 3(1-3) as PDFs.

bauhaus, zeitschrift für gestaltung, eds. Walter Gropius and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy (1:1-2:1), Ernst Kállai (2:2/3-3:4), Ludwig Hilberseimer (4:1), Josef Albers (4:2), W. Kandinsky (4:3), 14 issues, Dessau, 1926-31; repr., Nendeln: Klaus Reprint, 1977.

Other publications [ edit ]

(in German unless noted otherwise)

Collections, archives [ edit ]

Literature [ edit ]

Walter Gropius, The New Architecture and the Bauhaus, trans. P. Morton Shand, London: Faber and Faber, 1935; MIT Press, 1965. (English) Translated from the manuscript in German entitled Die neue Architektur und das Bauhaus. Grundzüge und Entwicklung einer Konzeption.

Herbert Bayer, Walter Gropius, Ise Gropius (eds.), Bauhaus 1919–1928, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1938, 224 pp. (English)

Walter Gropius, Rebuilding Our Communities, intro. László Moholy-Nagy, Chicago: Paul Theobald, 1945, 61 pp. (English)

Walter Gropius, Scope of Total Architecture , New York: Harper & Row, 1955, 185 pp. Selected texts. (English) Alcances de la arquitectura integral , trans. Luis Fabricant, Buenos Aires: La Isla, 1956, 197 pp. (Spanish) Seikatsu kukan no sozo [生活空間の創造], Tokyo: Shōkokusha, 1958, 179 pp. (Japanese) Architekur: Wege zu einer optischen Kultur , afterw. Hans M. Wingler, Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer, 1982, 191+[12] pp. (German)

, New York: Harper & Row, 1955, 185 pp. Selected texts.

Hans M. Wingler, Das Bauhaus 1919–1933. Weimar, Dessau, Berlin und die Nachfolge in Chicago seit 1937 , Cologne: DuMont, and Bramsche: Rasch, 1962; exp.ed., 1968; 3rd ed., 1975. (German) The Bauhaus: Weimar, Dessau, Berlin, Chicago , MIT Press, 1969; 1975; 1978. (English) trans. into Japanese (Tokyo, 1969); Italian (Milan, 1971); Spanish (Barcelona, 1975).

, Cologne: DuMont, and Bramsche: Rasch, 1962; exp.ed., 1968; 3rd ed., 1975.

50 Jahre Bauhaus , ed. Wulf Herzogenrath, Stuttgart: Württembergischen Kunstverein, 1968, 368 pp. Catalogue. (German) 50 jaar Bauhaus , Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, 1968, 363 pp. (Dutch) Bauhaus 1919-1969 , Paris: Musée d'art moderne de la ville de Paris, 1969, 361 pp. (French) 50 Years Bauhaus: German exhibition , Pasadena: Pasadena Art Museum, 1970, 364 pp. [5] (English) 50 Jahre Bauhaus , 1971, 405 pp. (Japanese) Bauhaus , Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen, 1974, 251 pp. Trans. of abbreviated edition. (Brazilian Portuguese) Bauhaus , trans. Antonio de Zubiaurre, Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen, 1976, 251 pp. Trans. of abbreviated edition. [6] (Spanish) Bauhaus , Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen, 1981, 251 pp. Trans. of abbreviated edition. (Italian) Bauhaus , Stuttgart: Institut za veze s inostranstvom, 1981, 251 pp. Trans. of abbreviated edition. (Serbo-Croatian)

, ed. Wulf Herzogenrath, Stuttgart: Württembergischen Kunstverein, 1968, 368 pp. Catalogue.

Eckhard Neumann (ed.), Bauhaus und Bauhäusler: Bekenntnisse und Erinnerungen , Bern: Hallwag, 1971, 216 pp; repr., 1985. (German) Bauhaus and Bauhaus People: Personal Opinions and Recollections of Former Bauhaus Members and Their Contemporaries , New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1970, 256 pp; rev. ed., trans. Eva Richter and Alba Lorman, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993, 302 pp. (English)

, Bern: Hallwag, 1971, 216 pp; repr., 1985.

Enzo Collotti, et al., Bauhaus, trans. Dolores Fonseca, Madrid: Alberto Corazón, 1971, 226 pp. (Spanish)

Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt, Musik am Bauhaus, Berlin: Bauhaus-Archiv, 1978, 20 pp. A lecture given 11 May 1976 at Bauhaus-Archiv, Berlin. (German)

RoseLee Goldberg, "Bauhaus Performance: 'Art and Technology: a New Unity'", ch 5 in Goldberg, Performance: Live Art 1909 to the Present, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1979, pp 63-78. (English)

Bauhaus Fotografie , eds. Egidio Marzona and Roswitha Fricke, Düsseldorf: Marzona, 1982. Contains 500 photographs and selected texts. (German) Bauhaus Photography , trans. Harvey Mendelsohn and Frederick Samson, MIT Press, 1985, xi+315 pp. (English)

, eds. Egidio Marzona and Roswitha Fricke, Düsseldorf: Marzona, 1982. Contains 500 photographs and selected texts.

Rainer Wick, Bauhaus-Pädagogik , Cologne: DuMont, 1982, 335 pp. (German) La pedagogía de la Bauhaus , trans. Belén Bas Álvarez, Madrid: Alianza, 1986, 317 pp. (Spanish) Pedagogia da Bauhaus , trans. João Azenha Jr, Sao Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1989, 464 pp. (Brazilian Portuguese)

, Cologne: DuMont, 1982, 335 pp.

Éva Forgács, The Bauhaus Idea and Bauhaus Politics, Central European University Press, 1995. (English)

Jeannine Fiedler, Peter Feierabend (eds.), Bauhaus, Potsdam: H.F. Ullmann, 2006, 640 pp. Excerpt. [7] (German)

Tom Wolfe, From Bauhaus to Our House, Picador, 2009. (English)

Ulrike Müller, Bauhausfrauen. Meisterinnen in Kunst, Handwerk und Design , Munich: Sandmann, 2009, 160 pp; new ed., rev., Sandmann, 2019, 160 pp. [8] (German) Bauhaus Women: Art, Handicraft, Design , trans. Emer Lettow and Sarah Kane, Paris: Flammarion, 2009, 152 pp. [9] (English)

, Munich: Sandmann, 2009, 160 pp; new ed., rev., Sandmann, 2019, 160 pp. [8]

Nicholas Fox Weber, The Bauhaus Group: Six Masters of Modernism, Yale University Press, 2009, 522 pp. (English)

Sound recordings [ edit ]

Bauhaus Reviewed 1919-1933, LTM Recordings, 2007, 72 min. English-language interviews with Gropius, Albers and van der Rohe, accompanied by piano pieces written between 1919-1925 by composers associated with the Bauhaus: Schoenberg, Hauer, Antheil, Wolpe and Stuckenschmidt. [17] [18] [19]

Bibliography [ edit ]

Weimar symposia [ edit ]

1. Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar vom 27. - 29.10. 1976, "50 Jahre Bauhaus Dessau". [20]

2. Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar vom 27. - 29.06. 1979, "60 Jahre Gründung Bauhaus". [21]

3. Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar vom 5. bis 7. Juli 1983, "Das Bauhauserbe und die gegenwärtige Entwicklung der Architektur : zum 100. Geburtstag von Walter Gropius [22]

4. Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar vom 24. - 26. Juni 1986, "Der wissenschaftlich-technische Fortschritt und die sozial-kulturellen Funktionen von Architektur und industrieller Formgestaltung in unserer Epoche". [23]

later editions: [24]

Documentaries [ edit ]



