The coronavirus crisis lurched into a new phase Friday as President Trump laid out a national emergency plan to free up billions of aid dollars and ramp up testing, San Francisco banned nonessential gatherings of more than 100 people, and campuses and courthouses closed in droves all over California.

San Francisco Mayor London Breed’s order Friday toughening the prohibition on large gatherings hammered home in an economically and emotionally painful fashion the gravity of the pandemic. From the suspension of professional and collegiate sports seasons to the anguish of parents scrambling to find day care for students sent home, the rapidly escalating number of COVID-19 cases is now affecting almost every aspect of daily life.

Breed’s ban on events with 100 people will last for at least a month. Just two days earlier, San Francisco had banned all nonessential events of 1,000 people or more. Spaces like hospitals, grocery stores and transit terminals are exempt from the prohibition. Other essential services, like food banks, are also allowed to stay open.

“This new Order is an important measure to support public health ... (it) mirrors actions being taken by other local governments and the state, and is informed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines,” Breed said in a statement. “We know canceling events and gatherings is a challenge for everyone, but it is essential that we take this step.”

Breed and Supervisor Dean Preston also announced a moratorium, effective immediately, on all evictions for people unable to pay their rent for reasons related to COVID-19.

Tenants can demonstrate financial hardship from COVID-19 if they’re ill or if local, state or federal policies related to coronavirus cause a loss of income due to layoffs, reduced work hours or business closures. After a tenant notifies their landlord of financial hardship, they have up to six months after the end of the emergency declarations to repay any back-due rent.

“It is imperative that all elected leaders do everything possible to make sure people are safe and secure in their homes and that we prevent evictions,” Preston said in a statement.

San Francisco Sheriff Paul Miyamoto announced Friday that his department was suspending all visits and programs inside the jails to help prevent the spread of the virus, which is particularly dangerous in close-quartered settings. Inmates would still receive noncontact access to their attorneys, and the department planned to enable visits over video conference.

Throughout the Bay Area, the unprecedented number of closures and developments of all kinds piled up.

Contra Costa County Superior Court shuttered its courthouses until April 1, Caltrain joined BART’s declining ridership misery by reporting that its one-way and day pass ticket sales have declined 75% in the past two weeks — and school districts in Fremont, Lafayette, San Ramon and Walnut Creek added themselves to the list of districts shutting down as a precaution. UC Berkeley told its students that the rest of the semester will be online-classes only.

Santa Clara County reported its second death from the virus — a woman in her 80s — and logged more than a dozen new diagnoses, bringing its total Friday afternoon to 79, more than any other part of the state. San Mateo County ordered a halt to visitations at its juvenile hall, and Stanford University reported an undergraduate student had contracted COVID-19 and was self-isolating.

At the state Capitol, Senate President Pro Tem Toni G. Atkins, D-San Diego, announced that all scheduled legislative hearings at the Senate are canceled for next week, “In order to focus on an immediate response to COVID-19.”

In Washington, D.C., the president Friday afternoon detailed a broad battle plan against the virus as he stood in the Rose Garden flanked by government and business leaders.

Foremost among Trump’s actions was declaring a national emergency in an effort to make up to $50 billion available to state and local governments.

“National emergency — two very big words,” Trump said.

The order gave Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar broad authority to waive federal laws to give “all hospitals and health care providers maximum flexibility to respond to the virus and care for patients,” Trump said.

Responding to mounting criticism over the lack of available coroanvirus tests, Trump said that with the help of private drug and retail companies, around 1.4 million new tests would be available by next week, and 5 million “within a month. I doubt we’ll need anywhere near that,” he said.

Fewer than 2,000 Californians have been tested since the first U.S. cases were reported in late January. Nationwide, fewer than 10,000 people have been tested, and roughly 1,300 cases have been reported. Health experts currently estimate that thousands more people are infected, but have not been tested in part due to a shortage of tests.

Gov. Gavin Newsom’s office said Friday that California possessed enough kits to test about 10,000 people. Test kits would be distributed to 18 labs across the state.

Private labs were also ramping up their coronavirus-testing capabilities, and soon would provide a testing capacity “north of 5,000 tests a day,” Newsom said.

In some countries, including South Korea, intensive testing has been credited in part with helping to slow the growth of the disease at least for now. That nation has been able to test as many as 10,000 cases daily.

The CDC recommends that people seek testing if they have certain flu-like symptoms caused by the coronavirus, like a fever, cough or shortness of breath, and if they have traveled recently to a coronavirus outbreak area or have been in close contact with someone who’s been infected.

Trump and Dr. Deborah Birx, who is coordinating the White House response to the virus, announced at his address Friday that a “screening website” is in development by Google that would help people determine whether they should be tested. The website, Birx said, would include a screening questionnaire and drive-through testing locations — planned to include parking lots at Walmart stores — where drivers and passengers can be swabbed by health professionals.

There was no clear timeline on when the website would be operational, but in a statement, Google said the program would be initially available in the Bay Area when ready.

“We are developing a tool to help triage individuals for Covid-19 testing. Verily is in the early stages of development, and planning to roll testing out in the Bay Area, with the hope of expanding more broadly over time,” Google posted in Twitter. “We appreciate the support of government officials and industry partners and thank the Google engineers who have volunteered to be part of this effort.”

Congress passed a relief package late Friday, including new paid sick-leave rules, unemployment benefits, free virus testing and other measures. The president tweeted that he supported the package, which now goes to the Senate for a vote.

Statewide, Newsom urged Californians to cancel or avoid all large gatherings until the end of the month, and the state’s Public Health Department recommended that events be limited to no more than 250 people and should not proceed at all unless organizers could ensure at least 6 feet of distance between attendees.

Gatherings of those at high risk of serious illness or death if they contract the virus, should be kept to 10 or fewer people, local and state health officials have said.

San Francisco Chronicle staff writer Alexi Koseff contributed to this report.

Dominic Fracassa and Kevin Fagan are San Francisco Chronicle staff writers. Email: dfracassa@sfchronicle.com, kfagan@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @dominicfracassa, @KevinChron