Thousands of people took to the streets and blocked roads across Catalonia on Tuesday amid strikes to protest against the police violence used during the weekend’s divisive independence referendum.

In Barcelona, schools, businesses and shops were also shut as part of a strike backed by the Catalan government, which will only serve to increase tension with Spain’s central government in Madrid.

The protests were largely peaceful, although some protesters forced shops and supermarkets that had decided to remain open to close, graffitiing “strike-breakers” on the windows.

Spain’s interior minister, however, accused the Catalan government of “inciting rebellion” by encouraging the protests as the country’s worst political crisis in decades continues to show no signs of resolution.

Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters Show all 17 1 /17 Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters A man faces off Spanish Civil Guards outside a polling station in Sant Julia de Ramis Reuters Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters Riot police form a security cordon around the Ramon Llull school in Barcelona EPA Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters Riot police evict a young woman during clashes between people gathered outside the Ramon Llull school in Barcelona EPA Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters Spanish Civil Guard officers break through a door at a polling station in Sant Julia de Ramis Reuters Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters Spanish National Police clash with pro-referendum supporters in Barcelona on Sunday AP Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters Crowds raise their arms up as police move in on members of the public gathered outside to prevent them from voting in the referendum at a polling station where the President Carles Puigdemunt will vote later today Getty Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters People confront Spanish Civil Guard officers outside a polling station Reuters Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters Three man hold each other as they try to block a Spanish police van from approaching a polling station AP Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters A woman shows a ballot to a Spanish Civil Guard officer outside a polling station Reuters Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters A man wearing a shirt with an Estelada (Catalan separatist flag) and holding carnations faces off with a Spanish Civil Guard officer Reuters Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters Police try to control the area as people attempt to cast their ballot at a polling station in Barcelona Getty Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters A man is grabbed by officers as police move in on the crowds Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters Two women argue with a Spanish National policeman during clashes between Catalan pro-independence people and police forces at the Sant Julia de Ramis sports centre in Girona EPA Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters Sant Julia De Ramis in Spain Getty Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters Confrontation outside a polling station in Barcelona, where police have tried to stop people voting AFP/Getty Images Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters A Spanish National Police officer aims a rubber-bullet rifle at pro-referendum supporters in Barcelona AP Catalonia independence referendum: Riot police clash with voters Riot police clashed with voters as polls opened in Barcelona Sky News

“Day after day, the Catalan government is pushing the population to the abyss and inciting rebellion in the streets,” Juan Ignacio Zoido said, adding that central government will take measures to “stop the acts of harassment”.

Having previously remained silent on the issue, the European Parliament has confirmed it will hold a special debate on Wednesday.

More than 50 barricades or protests had blocked roads across Spain’s north-eastern region on Tuesday morning, including major toll roads and motorways which link the country to France, with Catalan president Carles Puigdemont calling for a “democratic, civic, dignified protest” on Twitter.

He added: “Don’t let yourself be provoked. The world has seen it: we are peaceful people.”

Protestors, tractors and tyres blocked the roads, while two people sat playing chess in the middle of one motorway.

FC Barcelona was among those to join the strike, with the club saying in a statement it “seeks to bring together all those people who on 1 October, whether they voted or not, were left indignant by the serious events which took place during the day of the Catalan referendum on independence”.

While the majority of the people involved in the protests were draped in Senyeras and Esteladas – two variations of the Catalan flag, the latter representing a pro-independence feeling – there were also a number of people with Spain flags protesting against the police violence used on Sunday in an attempt to shut down polling stations across the region after central government had deemed the referendum illegal.

The Catalan government said 893 civilians were injured on the day and one of Tuesday’s largest protests took place outside Spain’s national police building in Barcelona, where there were chants for the Spanish police force to leave the region. Protesters had previously forced 150 police out of a hotel in Canella on Monday night.

Meanwhile, outside the central government office in Barcelona, thousands protested in silence with their hands held in the air.

The metro in the city ran a limited service, with passengers allowed to travel for free, while there were also reduced services at the Port of Barcelona.

However, flights were running as normal from Barcelona-El Prat airport.

Mr Puigdemont has said 90 per cent of Sunday’s 2.3 million voters backed independence from Spain and while central government will attempt to stop any breakaway, he maintains that the referendum is “valid and binding”.

But he has stopped short of declaring independence yet, despite his government’s previous promise that secession could happen within 48 hours of a Yes vote.

Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy, though, refuses to give the referendum any credence at all.

“We cannot allow the progress of the past 40 years to be replaced by blackmail,” he said this week.