The global situation may be more dangerous than it has been at any time since the height of the Cold War. Of the myriad serious geopolitical problems in the world right now, five of them involve nuclear powers and two involve near-nuclear powers. Several of these cases could test whether old notions of nuclear security, like deterrence, can work in the new global-risk environment.

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Topping the list is North Korea. It now seems certain that during Trump’s time in office, North Korea will gain the capacity to deliver a nuclear weapon that can hit the continental United States. North Korea is also close to having a nuclear stockpile big enough that it would be extremely difficult to eliminate in limited military action. Kim Jong Un, North Korea’s leader, believes having a large stockpile and advanced delivery capabilities will guarantee him job security. But for the United States and our allies, North Korea’s offensive nuclear capacity would mark the most destabilizing shift since the end of the Cold War.

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The choices we have are almost all bad. There are no military scenarios for intervention in North Korea that do not involve massive casualties in South Korea. But allowing North Korea to threaten massive destruction to the United States or our allies is also intolerable. Further, our primary leverage with North Korea lies with the Chinese, who seem either disinclined to put too much pressure on Pyongyang or refuse to be intimidated by the Twitter “pressure” on them from Trump.

On Iran, last week the country launched a satellite into orbit showing that it too is enhancing its weapons delivery capabilities. At the same time, Trump indicated that this fall, he will decertify Iranian compliance with the Obama-forged nuclear accord. Naval tensions also rose last week in the Persian Gulf, with confrontations between the United States and Iranian ships.

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By announcing our intention to decertify Iran, Trump gave the Iranians more time to plan their strategy of confrontation with us and our allies — who are themselves confronted with another regional crisis: the standoff between the Gulf Cooperation Council countries and Qatar. The U.S. move would also likely produce a split with the other major powers that are part of the Iran deal, complicating the ability to settle this and other issues.

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The weakening political position of Trump and the anti-Iran rhetoric of the administration also makes the Iran situation the one that seems most primed to be the kind of wag-the-dog distraction that might seem desirable to Trump and his team. (The fact that the United States has effectively granted Iran victory in Syria and Iraq actually makes this more dangerous; there is now a legitimate desire to contain Iranian efforts toward regional hegemony and not to look “soft on Iran.”)

In nuclear Pakistan, the country is suffering with political instability yet again, even as its rival, a nuclear India, skirmishes with Pakistan’s ally, a nuclear China, along their disputed border in the Himalayas. The United States and Russia, our nearest nuclear rival, are locked in a political standoff regarding diplomats and sanctions. The U.S.-Russia situation is made murkier by Trump’s Russia scandal, the desire of Congress to hold Russia accountable and Vladimir Putin’s gleeful willingness to play both ends against the middle to achieve his dual goals of looking tough on the United States at home while weakening America from within. That he continues to test the bounds of American influence by expanding Russia’s own (he has signed a half-century lease on a naval base in Syria, he continues to inch deeper into Georgia, and he menaces the Baltics) suggests that this is a diplomatic crisis that could escalate into something much worse.

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Further, from the South China Sea to Venezuela’s unraveling, famine in Africa to political confusion in Japan, South Korea and the United Kingdom, the world is reeling.

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Indeed, what makes each of the situations above many degrees more dangerous is that the world is facing a parallel pandemic of leadership and institutional failures. At the center of these is the decline in America’s standing as a leader.