Anne Boleyn, Boleyn also spelled Bullen, (born 1507?—died May 19, 1536, London, England), second wife of King Henry VIII of England and mother of Queen Elizabeth I. The events surrounding the annulment of Henry’s marriage to his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and his marriage to Anne led him to break with the Roman Catholic Church and brought about the English Reformation.

Top Questions Who were Anne Boleyn’s parents? Anne Boleyn was the daughter of Sir Thomas Boleyn (who was later named earl of Wiltshire and Ormonde) and Elizabeth Boleyn (née Howard), the daughter of Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey (later duke of Norfolk). How did Anne Boleyn become famous? Anne Boleyn joined the court of King Henry VIII of England, and he fell in love with her. In January 1533 he married Anne; his marriage to Catherine of Aragon would not be annulled until five months later. Failure to produce a male heir led Henry to execute Anne on May 19, 1536. How did Anne Boleyn change the world? Anne Boleyn used her position at court to present herself as a solution to Henry's succession issues. Because Pope Clement VII refused to annul Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon, Henry broke with Rome and established the Church of England. Anne was the second of Henry's six wives and the mother of Elizabeth I. How did Anne Boleyn die? Anne failed to produce a male heir for Henry VIII, and he grew interested in Jane Seymour. Henry had Anne confined to the Tower of London on charges of adultery. She was beheaded on Tower Green on May 19, 1536. Henry and Jane were married less than two weeks later.

Anne’s father was Sir Thomas Boleyn, later earl of Wiltshire and Ormonde. After spending part of her childhood in France, she returned to England in 1522 and lived at Henry’s court and drew many admirers. A desired marriage with Lord Henry Percy was prevented on Henry’s order by Cardinal Wolsey, and at some undetermined point the king himself fell in love with her.

In 1527 Henry initiated secret proceedings to obtain an annulment from his wife, the aging Catherine of Aragon; his ultimate aim was to father a legitimate male heir to the throne. For six years Pope Clement VII, under pressure from Henry’s rival Charles V, refused to grant the annulment, but all the while Henry’s passion for Anne was strengthening his determination to rid himself of his queen. About January 25, 1533, Henry and Anne were secretly married. The union was made public on Easter of that year, and on May 23 Henry had the archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, pronounce the marriage to Catherine null and void. In September Anne gave birth to a daughter, the future queen Elizabeth I.

Anne’s arrogant behaviour soon made her unpopular at court. Although Henry lost interest in her and began liaisons with other women, the birth of a son might have saved the marriage. Anne had a miscarriage in 1534, and in January 1536 she gave birth to a stillborn male child. On May 2, 1536, Henry had her committed to the Tower of London on a charge of adultery with various men and even incest with her own brother. She was tried by a court of peers, unanimously convicted, and beheaded on May 19. On May 30 Henry married Jane Seymour. That Anne was guilty as charged is unlikely; she was the apparent victim of a temporary court faction supported by Thomas Cromwell.

Hans Holbein: Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn, drawing by Hans Holbein the Younger, c. 1534–35; in the British Museum, London. Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum