Migration policy, following a UK exit from the EU, rests on the decision whether to remain in the EEA and its free movement rules. Should the UK seek to retain the EEA’s access to the European Single Market, in all likelihood this means little substantial reform of the EU’s free movement rights for the UK. Establishing a new relationship with the EU that excludes or qualifies free movement of people will be politically tricky, but not impossible. One only has to consider the recent Swiss referendum to place quotas on EU citizens, and the subsequent veiled threats Switzerland received from the Commission, to understand how challenging reform will be in the EEA – or even outside the EEA, as the Swiss are. The EU is set on a process of ever closer union, and there is little scope for turning back to pre-Maastricht ideas on immigration. A UK outside the EU but in the EEA would have to keep free movement.