BEIRUT, Lebanon — President Mohamed Morsi of Egypt on Wednesday warned the Syrian president, Bashar al-Assad, that “your time won’t be long,” as Syrian warplanes and artillery shelled the battleground city of Aleppo and opposition groups reported heavy fighting around the Euphrates River city of Deir el-Zour.

Mr. Morsi, an Islamist and Egypt’s first democratically elected president, fired back at Mr. Assad just days after the top Syrian government spokesman said that the only change in Cairo since the ouster last year of Hosni Mubarak was Mr. Morsi’s beard. Mr. Morsi has called for nations to come together to support the Syrian opposition and end the bloodshed. His warning added to the acrimony in the region as the Syrian civil war continues to spill blood and pour out refugees.

In Ankara, Turkey, on Wednesday, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said at a meeting of his governing party that Mr. Assad had made Syria a “terrorist state.”

“The massacres in Syria that gain strength from the international community’s indifference are continuing to increase,” Mr. Erdogan said, according to Reuters.