WASHINGTON — As he heads into a second term with sweeping ambition in an era of gridlock, President Obama is assembling a new White House team that looks much like the old one, choosing familiarity over freshness even at the risk of insularity.

Mr. Obama installed his longtime aide Denis R. McDonough on Friday as his fifth White House chief of staff and announced a host of other selections that suggested more stirring than shaking up his West Wing. Of 10 appointees named on Friday, all came from inside the administration or re-election campaign.

While aides played musical chairs, moving up and moving around to new positions, the overall continuity suggested that Mr. Obama felt no need to inject new energy into a team that brought him through re-election last year. Buffeted by one crisis after another, the president prefers to stick with the circle of advisers he has come to trust through four tumultuous years in office, wary of introducing new personalities after some unsuccessful experiments in his first term.

Outside the White House itself, the president’s cabinet selections have so far been a mix of administration veterans and new faces, although even there the outsiders have generally been close allies, like Senator John Kerry at the State Department. Appointments to come may bring more people from outside Mr. Obama’s orbit, including a new budget director. But Friday’s announcements made it clear that most of the faces Mr. Obama will see each day will be well known to him.