What is the CBA?

The Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) is a ten-year agreement between the National Hockey League (NHL) and National Hockey League Players’ Association (NHLPA), and is active between September 16, 2012 and September 15, 2022. The document in its entirety can be seen here

What is an SPC?

The Standard Player’s Contract (SPC) is the standard NHL player contract that acts as the only form of contract for player signings that comply with the agreement of the CBA.

What is a Salary Cap Hit

The Salary Cap Hit is the total amount of salary cap room that is taken by a players contract. This number is calculated by the average dollar figure of the contract.

What is the difference between the Salary Cap Upper Limit and Lower Limit?

The Upper Limit is the maximum amount of money that a team can spend on player salaries in accordance with the CBA. This number varies annually, and is commonly dependent upon the revenue accumulated by the NHL in previous seasons. No player may earn more than 20% of the Upper Limit. The Upper Limit for the 2015-16 season is $71,400,000.



The Lower Limit is the minimum amount of money that a team must spend on player salaries in accordance with the CBA, the Lower Limit for the 2015-16 season is $52,800,000. This Lower Limit prevents teams from depleting or trading away the core of their rosters with the intent of sacrificing their position in the league standings for a higher ranked position in the entry draft. This also acts to ensure that all players are compensated fairly. The Lower Limit is commonly set around $16-18 million below the Upper Limit.

What is the players’ share of the league’s revenue?

The player's share for the current CBA is 50% of actual hockey related revenues (HRR) for the league year ended June 30. (CBA 50.4 (b))



In the previous 2005 CBA, the player's share was as follows:

When League Revenue is below $2.2 billion = 54%.

When League Revenue is between $2.2 billion and $2.4 billion = 55%

When League Revenue is between $2.4 billion and $2.7 billion = 56%

When League Revenue is exceeds $2.7 billion = 57%

What is a Performance Bonus?

The player is on an entry-level contract. The player has signed a one-year contract and is over 35 years old. The player has signed a one-year contract after returning from a long-term injury (has played 400 or more games, and spent 100 or more days on the Injured Reserve in the last year of their most recent contract). A Performance Bonus can be given to a player in addition to their salary. Performance bonuses are only paid to the player if they meet the requirements as defined by the bonus. Performance bonuses count against the salary cap; however, a team can exceed the salary cap due to performance bonuses by the maximum performance bonus cushion amount of 7.5 percent of the upper limit. Not all players are eligible for Performance Bonuses, and to receive a bonus within their contract, a player must meet one of the following criteria:

What is the difference between a Signing Bonus and a Performance Bonus?

Signing Bonuses are rewarded upon the signing of a player’s contract and are paid to the player regardless of buyouts, or performance.



Performance Bonuses are paid to a player if the requirements of the bonus are met, and are given over the course of the season as they are met.

What happens if a player is injured long-term (LTIR)?





While placing a player on the LTIR does not remove the player’s Salary Cap Hit from the overall team cap, it does provide the team relief if the team’s total average Salary Cap exceeds the upper Salary Cap Ceiling. More details are available at the



Once an injured player returns to the team from the LTIR, the team must reduce its average salary cap to below the Salary Cap Upper Limit before they may remove the player from the LTIR. If a player is considered to have a long-term injury (causing them to miss a minimum of 10 games and 24 days), they can be placed on the Long-Term Injury Reserve (LTIR), which can be used to receive cap relief.While placing a player on the LTIR does not remove the player’s Salary Cap Hit from the overall team cap, it does provide the team relief if the team’s total average Salary Cap exceeds the upper Salary Cap Ceiling. More details are available at the LTIR FAQ Once an injured player returns to the team from the LTIR, the team must reduce its average salary cap to below the Salary Cap Upper Limit before they may remove the player from the LTIR.

What is the season opening injured reserve (SOIR)?

not the same as the daily rate equations in CBA 15.6, which is instead used to calculate the players daily salary (as opposed to cap hit).



Full Cap Hit Players who are on a one-way contract, or players on a two-way contract who accrued 50 or more NHL games in the previous season count fully against the cap hit. Teams can opt to place these players on LTIR to obtain cap-relief (



Discounted Cap Hit Players on a two-way contract, who accrued 1-49 NHL games in the previous season, count against the teams cap hit; however, the reduced cap hit is calculated as follows:

Multiply the players NHL cap hit by the total accrued NHL days in the previous season, and divide by the total number of days in the previous season (Ex: 186 for 2014-15)



When a player is reactivated to the active roster, their cap hit reverts back to the full rate



Full cap relief Players who are on a two-way contract, who did not accrue any NHL games in the previous season, can be placed on SOIR and do not count against their teams cap hit. If a player who is on a two-way contract becomes disabled during training-camp or who reports to training-camp disabled as the result of a hockey related injury incurred during the off-season, they can be placed on season-opening injured reserve, to possibly obtain cap relief. It is notable that the SOIR equations arethe same as the daily rate equations in, which is instead used to calculate the players daily salary (as opposed to cap hit).Players who are on a one-way contract, or players on a two-way contract who accrued 50 or more NHL games in the previous season count fully against the cap hit. Teams can opt to place these players on LTIR to obtain cap-relief ( LTIR FAQ ).Players on a two-way contract, who accrued 1-49 NHL games in the previous season, count against the teams cap hit; however, the reduced cap hit is calculated as follows:Multiply the players NHL cap hit by the total accrued NHLin the previous season, and divide by the total number of days in the previous season (Ex: 186 for 2014-15)When a player is reactivated to the active roster, their cap hit reverts back to the full ratePlayers who are on a two-way contract, who did not accrue any NHL games in the previous season, can be placed on SOIR and do not count against their teams cap hit.

What is a retained salary transaction/trade

The percentage retained cannot exceed 50 percent of the player’s salary (including all bonuses) and Salary Cap Hit. The same percentage must be retained for both the player’s salary and Salary Cap Hit, and cannot be modified. All teams are limited to a maximum of 3 retained salary contracts per season. Teams cannot retain an aggregate amount of more than 15 percent of the Salary Cap Upper Limit. Players’ contracts are limited to 2 retained salary transactions per contract. Once a retained salary transcation has occurred, there are various limitations, such as: A team cannot reacquire a player whom they have retained salary from for a minimum of one year after the date of the transaction, or unless the player's contract expires or is terminated prior to the one-year date.

All teams involved in a retained salary transaction will have cap implications if the contract is bought out or terminated.

Teams who retain salary on a players contract, will have the full value of the cap hit act against the teams salary cap total, regardless of whether the player is reassigned to the minors by their current team. When a team trades a player, they have the option to retain a part of their salary (and cap hit). The team who retains the salary then pays the retained percentage of the salary, and also retains the percentage of the cap hit until the contract expires. The following requirements must be met to retain salary:Once a retained salary transcation has occurred, there are various limitations, such as:

What is a No-Move Clause (NMC)?

Player cannot be traded without his consent (however, the clause can specify a modified no-trade clause that limits the NTC to a certain number of teams)

Player cannot be placed on waivers without his consent

Player cannot be assigned to the minors without his consent

Player is not exempt from a buyout or contract termination

exempt from a buyout or contract termination The clause can travel with the player even if he consents to being traded or is claimed on waivers

This requires that the acquiring team sign an addendum to the contract ensuring that the clause does in fact travel with the player (written by the player's agent)



If the acquiring team refuses to sign the addendum, and the player waives his clause anyway, at that point the clause may be nullified

If the player is traded before the clause takes effect, the acquiring team can opt to void the clause A No-Move Clause (NMC) can be added to a player's contract in the years after they are eligible for Group 3 Unrestricted Free Agency (7 Accrued seasons or 27 years of age), and has the following properties:

What is a No-Trade Clause (NTC)?

Player cannot be traded without his consent

Consent is not required to be placed on waivers

required to be placed on waivers Consent is not required for assignment to the minors

required for assignment to the minors Player is not exempt from a buyout or contract termination

exempt from a buyout or contract termination The clause can travel with the player even if he consents to being traded or is claimed on waivers

This requires that the acquiring team sign an addendum to the contract ensuring that the clause does in fact travel with the player (written by the player's agent)



If the acquiring team refuses to sign the addendum, and the player waives his clause anyway, at that point the clause may be nullified

If the player is traded before the clause takes effect, the acquiring team can opt to void the clause A No-Trade Clause (NTC) can be added to a player's contract in the years after they are eligible for Group 3 Unrestricted Free Agency (7 Accrued seasons or 27 years of age), and has the following properties:

What is a Limited, or Modified No-Trade Clause (M-NTC)?

The player's contract includes specific terms in respect to being traded without their consent where the player must:

In a specified timeframe or window:



Specify a pre-determined number of teams the player would be willing to be traded to, or:





Specify a pre-determined number of teams the player would not be willing to be traded to

Consent is not required to be placed on waivers

required to be placed on waivers Consent is not required for assignment to the minors

required for assignment to the minors Player is not exempt from a buyout or contract termination

exempt from a buyout or contract termination The clause can travel with the player even if he consents to being traded or is claimed on waivers

This requires that the acquiring team sign an addendum to the contract ensuring that the clause does in fact travel with the player (written by the player's agent)



If the acquiring team refuses to sign the addendum, and the player waives his clause anyway, at that point the clause may be nullified

If the player is traded before the clause takes effect, the acquiring team can opt to void the clause Example: Modified No-Trade Clause: Within 48 hours of request, the player must submit a list of 18 teams they are willing to be traded to without consent. If the list is not received within 48 hours, the player can be traded to any team without consent. A limited, or modified no-trade clause (M-NTC) is less restrictive than a full no-trade clause (NTC), and can be added to a player's contract in the years after they are eligible for Group 3 Unrestricted Free Agency (7 Accrued seasons or 27 years of age), and has the following properties:

Is there a maximum number of contracts permitted?

Up until the day of the trade deadline, the NHL roster size limit is 23 (Non-roster, IR, LTIR, SOIR, etc. do not count to this limit). On and after the trade deadline, there is no roster size limit. Total NHL contracts per team = 50 (including two-way contracts and NHL contracts in the minors), players who are meet the following three conditions do not count to this limit: 1. The player is 18 or 19 years of age. 2. Is in a junior or European league, and 3. who have not played 11 NHL games the current season. Total NHL players belonging to a team, including reserve lists = 90 (including roster, minor, prospects or drafted) The maximum number of contracts per team permitted is as follows:

How do buyouts work?

Please see our Buyout FAQ

What is a Buried Contract?



The players salary cap hit, minus the sum of the minimum NHL salary for the respective season and $375,000, still counts towards the team’s salary cap total.

The cap hit relief is therefore equal to the minimum salary of the respective season + $375,000: 2014-15: $550,000 + $375,000 = $925,000

2015-16: $575,000 + $375,000 = $950,000

2016-17: $575,000 + $375,000 = $950,000

2017-18: $650,000 + $375,000 = $1,025,000

2018-19: $650,000 + $375,000 = $1,025,000

2019-20: $700,000 + $375,000 = $1,075,000

2020-21: $700,000 + $375,000 = $1,075,000

2021-22: $750,000 + $375,000 = $1,125,000

2022-23: $750,000 + $375,000 = $1,125,000

2023-24: $775,000 + $375,000 = $1,150,000

2024-25: $775,000 + $375,000 = $1,150,000

2025-26: $775,000 + $375,000 = $1,150,000 Teams do not receive full cap relief when a player on a one-way NHL contract is reassigned to the American Hockey League, or is loaned to a team in another professional league.The players salary cap hit, minus the sum of the minimum NHL salary for the respective season and $375,000, still counts towards the team’s salary cap total.The cap hit relief is therefore equal to the minimum salary of the respective season + $375,000:

How do Entry-Level Contracts Work?





The length of the entry-level contract is also dependent on the player’s age: 18-21 years of age: 3 years

22-23 years of age: 2 years

24 years of age: 1 year

Entry-level contracts can still include signing and performance bonuses. Signing bonuses may not exceed 10 percent of the contract’s total compensation, and is paid to players annually. Performance bonuses for entry-level contracts, that are paid by the team and count against the salary cap cannot exceed a maximum of $2,850,000. Performance Bonuses are broken into 2 categories: Schedule A and Schedule B. Schedule A Bonuses may not exceed $212,500 per individual bonus, and $850,000 in total. There are two types of Schedule B Bonuses. League-wide award/trophy bonuses that are paid by the league and are not captured within the actual entry-level contract signed by the player, and player & club agreed upon bonuses, of which the maximum is $2million per season. Players younger than 25 years of age as of September 15 during the year of their first NHL contract must sign an entry-level contract which have set limitations - all entry-level contracts are two-way contracts and the maximum allowable salary for players drafted until 2022 is $925,000.The length of the entry-level contract is also dependent on the player’s age:Entry-level contracts can still include signing and performance bonuses. Signing bonuses may not exceed 10 percent of the contract’s total compensation, and is paid to players annually. Performance bonuses for entry-level contracts, that are paid by the team and count against the salary cap cannot exceed a maximum of $2,850,000. Performance Bonuses are broken into 2 categories: Schedule A and Schedule B. Schedule A Bonuses may not exceed $212,500 per individual bonus, and $850,000 in total. There are two types of Schedule B Bonuses. League-wide award/trophy bonuses that are paid by the league and are not captured within the actual entry-level contract signed by the player, and player & club agreed upon bonuses, of which the maximum is $2million per season.

What is an Entry Level Slide?

If a player who is signed to an entry-level contract and is 18 or 19 years of age (as of September 15 of the signing year), does not play in a minimum of 10 NHL games (including both regular season and playoffs; AHL games do not count), their contract is considered to ‘slide’, or extend, by one year. For example, if a player signed an ELC for three seasons from 2015-16 to 2017-2018, and their contract slides, their contract is now effective from 2016-17 to 2018-19. An exception to this rule is that if the player is 19 on September 15 of the first year of their contract, and turns 20 between September 16 and December 31, their contract does not slide.



Players who sign at 18 years old are eligible to have their contracted extended for 2 seasons. This extension does not apply if the player turns 20 between September 16 and December 31 in his signing year. Signing bonuses do not slide, and are paid to the player regardless of a slide, this causes the annual average of the players contract to change, and therefore the cap hit decreases for this player.

What is a 35-plus contract?





The 35+ rule was introduced in the 2005 CBA and was intended to prevent teams from burying veteran players in the AHL, or from front-loading contracts to draw players to signing with them. One result of the rule is that it has lead to teams signing short one or two year contracts with veteran players, to prevent the possibility of being stuck with the players full cap hit if they are injured or unable to produce.



On a related note, over the previous couple years there has been significant confusion as to whether a buyout does or does not receive a cap benefit for 35-plus contract. The most recent understanding is that bought out 35-plus contracts do not receive a cap hit benefit, as is explained by If a player signs a multi-year contract and is age 35 or older (as of June 30 prior to the year of the effective contract), the players individual cap hit counts against the teams cap hit regardless of whether, or where, the player is active. However, there is one circumstance in which there is a cap hit reduction, a team will receive a $100,000 relief off of the teams salary cap hit, if a player is playing in the minor leagues after the first year of their contract.The 35+ rule was introduced in the 2005 CBA and was intended to prevent teams from burying veteran players in the AHL, or from front-loading contracts to draw players to signing with them. One result of the rule is that it has lead to teams signing short one or two year contracts with veteran players, to prevent the possibility of being stuck with the players full cap hit if they are injured or unable to produce.On a related note, over the previous couple years there has been significant confusion as to whether a buyout does or does not receive a cap benefit for 35-plus contract. The most recent understanding is that bought out 35-plus contracts doreceive a cap hit benefit, as is explained by Michael Russo . More details on this are available at the Buyout FAQ

Is there a deadline to sign players each year?

Restricted Free Agents who do not sign contracts by December 1 of a given year will be ineligible to play within the league for the remainder of that season.



Unrestricted free agents signed after the trade deadline are eligible to play during the regular season, but ineligible to play during the playoffs.

What is an unrestricted free agent (UFA)?

Is 27 years of age on June 30 of the contract expiry year Has seven (7) Accrued Seasons where an Accrued Season is earned when the player was on the clubs active roster for 40 Regular Season games (30 if the player is a goaltender). Games missed due to a hockey related injury will count towards an accrued season in the season of the injury, plus one additional season after the injury. Meets the requirements for Group 6 UFA Status (See below) An unrestricted free agent is eligible to sign a contract with any club as of noon ET on July 1 after the last League Year of their contract A player becomes a free agent when their contract expires on July 1 after the last League Year of their contract. Any player who meets the following requirements becomes an unrestricted free agent (UFA):An unrestricted free agent is eligible to sign a contract with any club as of noon ET on July 1 after the last League Year of their contract

What is a Group 6 UFA?

The player is 25 years or older (as of June 30th of the calendar year the contract is expiring). The player has completed 3 or more professional seasons - qualified by 11 or more professional games (for an 18/19 year old player), or 1 or more professional games (for a player aged 20 or older). This can include NHL, minor league, and European professional league seasons played while under an SPC. The player has played less than 80 NHL games, or 28 NHL games of 30 minutes or greater for a goaltender. A player whose contract is expiring and meets all of the following conditions will become an unrestricted free agent (UFA):

What is a restricted free agent (RFA)?

A player becomes a free agent when their contract expires on July 1 after the last League Year of their contract. If the player does not meet the UFA requirements (see above), they become a restricted free agent (RFA) if their club issues them a qualifying offer and they have met the following requirements: Group 2 Restricted Free Agent Requirements First SPC Signing Age Professional experience required 18-21 3 22-23 2 24+ 1 If the player does not meet the required years of professional experience, they will instead become a 10.2(c) player (see below). If the player does not receive a qualifying offer by June 25th at 5:00pm ET, they immediately become a UFA. An RFA is eligible to negotiate and sign a contract with any club. If the player signs a contract with any club other than the club that holds their rights, the contract is known as an Offer Sheet, and the signing club must possess the required compensatory draft picks. For more information on Offer Sheets, please see our Offer Sheet Calculator and Offer Sheet FAQ pages. Depending on the RFAs entry-level signing age and years of professional experience, the player may be eligible for arbitration. For more information on arbitration, please see our Arbitration Calculator and Arbitration Filings pages.

What is a 10.2(c) player?

A player becomes a free agent when their contract expires on July 1 after the last League Year of their contract. A player who does not meet the UFA requirements or the Group 2 RFA requirements displayed in the table above, and has been issued a qualifying offer, is designated a 10.2(c) player. The player is only eligible to negotiate and sign a contract with the club that holds their signing rights. They are ineligible to negotiate a contract (offer sheet) with any other club. They are also ineligible for arbitration. If the player does not receive a qualifying offer by June 25th at 5:00pm ET, they immediately become a UFA.

If an RFA signs after the season starts, how is their cap hit calculated?

When a restricted free agent signs a contract after the NHL season has already begun, their cap hit for the first year is greater than the contracts annual average, and similarly the cap hit of the remaining years is less than that of the annual average.



A notable aspect of the following calculation is that the sum of the cap hit values is greater than if the contract was signed before season start (and used the normal AAV calculation; monetary value of the contract divided by the total years)



The cap hit of the years after the first year of the contract is calculated first:

Cap hit after the first year = (First year salary × season days remaining / total season days + contract value remaining) / contract years



The first years cap hit is then calculated:

First years cap hit = cap hit after the first year × total season days / season days remaining



Example:

Hampus Lindholm of the Anaheim Ducks signed a $31,500,000 contract on Oct 27, 2016 in the 2016-17 season. There were 164 days remaining in the season on this date. The contract break down was as follows:

2016-17: $3,000,000

2017-18: $6,000,000

2018-19: $6,750,000

2019-20: $5,250,000

2020-21: $3,750,000

2021-22: $6,750,000

Total: $31,500,000

Annual Average: $5,250,000



The cap hit values are calculated as follows:

Cap hit (2017-18 to 2021-2022) = ($3,000,000 × 164 / 180 + $28,500,000) / 6 = $5,205,556

Cap hit (2016-17) = $5,205,556 × 180 / 164 = $5,713,415



The cap hit breakdown is therefore as follows:

2016-17: $5,713,415

2017-18: $5,205,556

2018-19: $5,205,556

2019-20: $5,205,556

2020-21: $5,205,556

2021-22: $5,205,556

Total: $31,741,294

Average: $5,290,216

How is the cap hit calculated for one year contracts signed after the start of the season?

If a player is signed to a one year contract after the start of the NHL season, that contract is subject to a unique cap hit calculation.



A notable aspect of the calculation is that the cap hit value is increased.



The cap hit is calculated as follows:

Cap hit = Signing bonus × total season days / season days remaining + base salary



Example:

Brogan Rafferty of the Vancouver Canucks signed a one year ELC on April 2, 2019. The contract has a base salary of $832,500, a signing bonus of $92,500, and there were 4 days remaining in the 186 day season:

Cap hit = $92,500 × 186 / 4 + $832,500

Cap hit: $5,133,750