DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 698, 6 February 2017

Feature Story (by Alwan Rosyidi)

Solus 2017.01.01.0: Impressive newcomer



Solus is an independent Linux distribution where the rising Budgie desktop was born. Despite the fact it is relatively a new Linux distribution, Solus brings many stunning features. The most interesting feature is, of course, the superstar Budgie desktop that has catalyzed another important project called Ubuntu Budgie. The newest version of Solus, Solus 2017.01.01.0, was released on January 2017 and offers us plenty of new and interesting things to look around.



1. Technical overview



Solus 2017.01.01.0 is built on top of the Linux kernel version 4.8.15. It only supports 64-bit architecture, which has been a new trend among other Linux distributions today. It's said that 64-bit operating systems consume more memory and run poorly on slow computers. Is this true or not, and happening in Solus? This is another interesting thing we have to find out.





Solus 2017.01.01.0 -- The Budgie desktop

(full image size: 1.9MB, resolution: 1366x768 pixels)



2. Budgie desktop



Budgie desktop is a new desktop which has been created by the Solus developers. It is a built on top of GNOME libraries. Solus 2017.01.01.0 uses Budgie desktop version 10.2.9 built on top of GNOME stack version 3.20.3. Budgie desktop consists of five parts:



Main menu - Placed at the left top corner panel, there is a main traditional menu similar to the main menu of elementary OS.



Pinned shortcut - Beside the main menu, there are pinned application shortcuts. You could pin your most used applications here. To pin the applications shortcut, you have to open the application, then right click on the taskbar, and then select Pin to panel.





Solus 2017.01.01.0 -- Pin to panel

(full image size: 187kB, resolution: 543x369 pixels)



Taskbar - Right after Pinned shortcuts, there is a taskbar of running applications.



Applets/Indicators - At the right of the panel, there is an applets bar offering important functions such as: Network Manager indicator, notification indicator, battery/power indicator, sound indicator, shutdown indicator, date indicator, and at the right corner of panel there is a shortcut to access Budgie desktop settings.



Budgie desktop settings - Budgie's desktop settings panel is hidden in the right corner panel. It's a complete settings panel with options to move the desktop panel position, arrange the panel's items, applets, and change desktop themes. At the bottom, there are shortcuts to shutdown the computer, lock the computer, and a shortcut to GNOME's system settings.





Solus 2017.01.01.0 -- A collection of snapshots of the settings panel

(full image size: 262kB, resolution: 848x768 pixels)



3. Built-in apps - Solus 2017.01.01.0 comes with a minimal number of built-in apps. There is no LibreOffice office suite or GIMP image editor. The good news is, there is the VLC media player and Rhythmbox music player to enjoy your multimedia collection.



4. Package management and software repository - Solus has its own package manager called eopkg. It is very similar to Debian's dpkg with apt and quite easy to use. We can install an application easily by executing the command: sudo eopkg install app_name. We could find popular Linux apps in default Solus 2017.01.01.0 such as GIMP, Inkscape, SMPlayer, and more. Unfortunately, the very popular Chromium browser isn't included yet in this Solus version. Alternatively, you could use the AppImage version of the Chromium browser.



There is also a graphical Software Center very similar to Ubuntu Software Center or GNOME Software. There is also very nice documentation about using eopkg package management in Solus's wiki.





Solus 2017.01.01.0 -- The software manager

(full image size: 191kB, resolution: 952x695 pixels)



5. Installation - Solus comes with a modern, easy to use graphical installer very similar to Ubuntu's Ubiquity which comes with guided installation, replacing all existing Linux installations, and advanced partitioning. However, the advanced partitioning isn't as complete as Ubuntu's Ubiquity. There is no option to mount NTFS/FAT32 partitions so, if you have one, you have to mount these partitions manually after installation. However, the installer is still relatively easy to use.





Solus 2017.01.01.0 -- Partitioning with the system installer

(full image size: 48kB, resolution: 768x553 pixels)



6. Memory Utilization - RAM is now cheaper and is not a big issue among today's users. But in case you are curious about the distribution's resource utilization, it consumes about 700MB to 800MB of RAM in an idle mode.





Solus 2017.01.01.0 -- Checking memory usage

(full image size: 46kB, resolution: 702x545 pixels)



7. Desktop theming - Solus uses the Arc GTK theme and Arc icon theme. It is good looking and modern. The desktop wallpapers can be changed by right-clicking on the desktop. There are plenty beautiful wallpapers available in Solus-2017.01.01.0.





Solus 2017.01.01.0 -- Selecting new wallpaper

(full image size: 452kB, resolution: 843x466 pixels)



8. Solus 2017.01.01.0 MATE - Solus 2017.01.01.0 also comes with a MATE edition that uses MATE desktop version 1.16.1. Solus 2017.01.01.0 MATE brings a brand new application menu called Brisk Menu which looks very similar to the Cardapio menu. It is a simple, fast, traditional menu that resembles the look and functionality of Xfce's Whisker Menu.



Just like Linux Mint MATE, Solus 2017.01.01.0 MATE only provides a single panel at the bottom of the desktop, with the Brisk Menu at the left corner, and a system tray applet in the right corner.





Solus 2017.01.01.0 -- Running the MATE desktop

(full image size: 1.2MB, resolution: 1366x768 pixels)



9. Overall performance and conclusion - Installed on an old, dual core Intel Pentium with 4GB of RAM, Solus 2017.01.01.0 runs quite well, without lags or crash issues. If you are starting to feel bored with your current distro, Solus 2017.01.01.0 is an impressive alternative you can try. It's fresh, fast, good looking, and easy to use. The lack of some of the most popular Linux apps like the Chromium browser is an issue and I hope Solus developers will put it in Solus's official repository in the future releases. Overall, I could simply say Solus 2017.01.01.0 is impressive. It could be, in the future, a fair rival to the good looking elementary OS.



As the conclusion, here is my personal scoring for Solus 2017.01.01.0: Build quality : 8/10

Performance : 8/10

Ease of use : 8/10

Artwork : 8/10

Installation : 7/10

Software Management : 9/10

Software Repository : 6/10

Overall score : 8/10

Miscellaneous News (by Jesse Smith)

Tails migrating to 64-bit, Debian Stretch freezes, Ubuntu backports Snap, Ubuntu 16.04.2 delayed again, running Steam games on TrueOS



The Tails distribution is a Debian-based project which is used to anonymously browse the web, scrub meta-data from files and securely transfer files. The Tails project has announced their distribution will soon shift from providing 32-bit builds to 64-bit builds exclusively. " Tails 3.0 will require a 64-bit x86-64 compatible processor. As opposed to older versions of Tails, it will not work on 32-bit processors. We have waited for years until we felt it was the right time to do this switch. Still, this was a hard decision for us to make. Today, we want to explain why we eventually made this decision, how it will affect users, and when... " Tails 3.0 will drop support for 32-bit computers on June 13, 2017, according to the project's roadmap. The change is being made to take advantage of 64-bit security features and improve package compatibility. Details on this change can be found in the Tails announcement. * * * * * The Debian project is well known for releasing new stable versions of the distribution when they are considered ready rather than on a set schedule. Though Debian does not have a specific schedule, the distribution does appear to be nearing the release of Debian 9 "Stretch". Jonathan Wiltshire reported Debian has entered its final freeze leading into the release of the next version: " The Release Team is pleased to announce that Debian 9.0 "stretch" has entered the final phase of development and is now frozen. " * * * * * Snap packages have been supported by the past couple of Ubuntu releases. Snap packages handle their own dependencies and offer a number of security features which make them appealing, particularly for distributing software not available in Ubuntu's official repositories. The Snap technology has recently been backported to Ubuntu's previous long term support release, Ubuntu 14.04 "Trusty Tahr". This allows people running older copies of Ubuntu to experiment with Snap packages. The OMG Ubuntu website offers further details: " While most people reading this post will be doing so from a more recent version of Ubuntu than Trusty, the arrival of Snapd in the Trusty archives means even more folks can fool around with the new software deployment and package management system. " Instructions for installing the Snap software can be found in the announcement.



The Ubuntu team pushes out updates to the distribution's long term support (LTS) releases on a regular basis to provide fresh installation media for users. These updated builds are not brand new versions of the operating system, but include additional drivers and packages with security fixes. The most recent update, Ubuntu 16.04.2, has been delayed twice now and the team plans to hold it back until February 9th to allow for further quality assurance testing. Leann Ogasawara explained the reason for the delay: " We would like to formally request an extension for 16.04.2's release. We have just identified a serious boot regression on arm64. The resolution looks to require landing changes to the kernel, flash-kernel, and possibly d-i. While we can likely physically get those changes into the archive in time for the release, there would be next to no time to test this nor provide appropriate regression testing on other platforms. We would be much more comfortable giving that some proper testing before releasing and therefore would like to request an additional extension for the point release date. " * * * * * Josh Smith has published a tutorial which explores how gamers can get some of their favourite gaming titles running on TrueOS and, by extension, related operating systems such as FreeBSD. The tutorial walks readers through setting up the Windows version of Steam on TrueOS using WINE and an application called PlayOnBSD. " If you're a PC gamer, you should definitely give PlayOnBSD a try! You may be surprised at how well it works. If you want to know ahead of time if your games are well supported or not, head on over to WineHQ and do a search. Many people have tested and provided feedback and even solutions for potential problems with a large variety of video games. This is a great resource if you run into a glitch or other problem. tutorial includes detailed installation instructions and screen shots of Steam games running on TrueOS. * * * * * These and other news stories can be found on our Headlines page.





Questions and Answers (by Jesse Smith)

Comparing containers with portable applications



They-are-all-portable asks: I recently read your piece in DistroWatch Weekly 668 comparing Snap, Flatpak, and AppImage. I found it very interesting, but one question came to mind as I was reading it: What functionally differentiates these newer packaging formats from container formats such as Docker?



I don't know much about any of these except that containers are marketed more as an alternative to virtualization rather than alternative packaging, but from my perspective they all seem to do the same thing. Install a framework (except AppImage), download a bundle containing the application and relevant libraries, and run it. Are they just marketed differently, or perhaps accomplishing the same end goal, but going about it in completely different ways under the hood? Or is there something big and important that differentiates these technologies that I just don't know?



DistroWatch answers: Let's talk about AppImage first. I would like to point out that AppImage is relatively old, compared to Docker, Snap and Flatpak. AppImage was first launched back around 2004 while Docker arrived on the scene in 2013. (Flatpak and Snap are about the same age, or just a little younger than Docker, respectively.) AppImage provides a way for developers to bundle up an application and its dependencies into one package file. The end user downloads the package and runs it and, from the end user's point of view, the application and its dependencies are one big file.



AppImage, from the end user's perspective, is very convenient. The user does not need to have administrator/sudo access to download and run AppImage packages. No package manager is required either. While AppImage does not provide any sandboxing security on its own, tools like Firejail can be used to isolate AppImage programs with little to no configuration or effort on the part of the user.



Flatpak and Snap, while they have their differences, both provide a framework that either comes pre-installed on the operating system or is set up by the administrator. Then the administrator can install applications and services on the system. Flatpak and Snap programs are somewhat isolated from the system and provide some potentially nice security features. Dependencies are handled by the framework and/or the developer so the administrator does not need to worry about them.



What each of these three (AppImage, Snap and Flatpak) have in common is they are designed with a single application or service in mind. I might download the Krita AppImage, Apache Snap or a Firefox Flatpak, but chances are I am after just one specific application when I use these technologies. When I download a program bundled with one of these technologies, I get just the program and its immediate dependencies.



Docker is quite a bit different. As the original question pointed out, Docker is a lightweight alternative to virtualization, not to packaging. Docker provides a container which people tend to use to make little, portable operating systems with a small number of applications or services. While an AppImage might include a single desktop application and its immediate dependencies, a Docker container is likely to include (for example) a copy of the Debian operating system, a network service and maybe development tools.



Docker shines when it is being used to build layers. The Docker website has a helpful diagram which shows how Docker containers can be used to stack independent pieces. The host system really just provides the Linux kernel and Docker framework. The containers then can hold an operating system and any specific tools we want. A Docker container might hold an entire development environment which can be shared among coders in an organization, or it might hold an Apache, database and PHP stack for web hosting.



It might be easiest to think of it this way: AppImage provides portable applications, with no framework required, that can be installed by end users. Flatpak and Snap provide a framework administrators use to deploy a program or service. Docker offers a way to deploy and share operating systems and complete development or production environments. They all bundle dependencies to make software portable, but their use cases and approaches vary quite a bit behind the scenes. * * * * * For more questions and answers, visit our Questions and Answers archive.





Released Last Week

OPNsense 17.1



The OPNsense operating system is a FreeBSD-based specialist operating system (and a fork of pfSense) designed for firewalls and routers. The project has released a new stable version of the OPNsense operating system, version 17.1. " The OPNsense team is proud to announce the final availability of version 17.1, nicknamed Eclectic Eagle. This major release features FreeBSD 11.0, the SSH remote installer, new languages Italian / Czech / Portuguese, state-of-the-art HardenedBSD security features, PHP 7.0, new plugins for FTP Proxy / Tinc VPN / Let's Encrypt, native PAM authentication against e.g. 2FA (TOTP), as well a rewritten Nano-style card images that adapt to media size to name only a few. We would like to encourage everyone to supervise this major upgrade physically. As such, it cannot be performed from the GUI. Instead, go to the root console menu, choose option 12 and type '17.1' at the prompt. The process will download a full set of updates and reboot multiple. All operating system files and packages will be re-installed as a consequence. " Additional information can be found in the project's release announcement. * * * * * Development, unannounced and minor bug-fix releases

GhostBSD 11.0-PREALPHA4

ReactOS 4.4-RC1

Clonezilla Live 2.5.0-19

Bluestar Linux 4.9.6

SmartOS 20170202

Calculate Linux 17 "Cinnamon"

Tails 3.0-beta1

OBRevenge OS 2017.02

4MLinux 20.3

Manjaro Linux 17.0-beta2

Antergos 17.2

Torrent Corner

Upcoming Releases and Announcements

Opinion Poll

Virtual machines, packages and containers



This week we talked about virtual machines, containers and packages. As a follow-up we would like to find out if you use any of the technologies we talked about to run applications or services. Do you use packages that bundle dependencies such as AppImage, FlatPak and Snap? Or do you run services in a Docker container or a virtual machine? Feel free to share your preferences in a comment.



You can see the results of our previous poll on running alternative phone operating systems here. All previous poll results can be found in our poll archives.



Virtual machines, packages and containers



I use virtual machines: 947 (54%) I use bundled packages: 54 (3%) I use containers/Docker: 41 (2%) I use a combination of the above: 174 (10%) I use none of the above: 534 (31%)

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