The House on Friday approved the terms of debate for a bill that would repeal President Obama’s health care law, as the new Republican majority easily surmounted the opposition of most Democrats.

The vote was 236 to 181.

The vote sets up a fierce debate next week over the Republicans’ proposal, which they have called the Repealing the Job-Killing Health Care Law Act.

But actually repealing the health care law that Mr. Obama signed last March has no chance of taking effect. The Senate majority leader, Harry Reid, Democrat of Nevada, said on Thursday that he would not bring up the bill. And Mr. Obama, of course, would veto any such act.

In a report on Thursday, the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office said that repealing the law would increase the federal budget deficit by a total of $145 billion from 2012 to 2019, and by $230 billion from 2012 to 2021. The office’s preliminary report said that repealing the law would mean 32 million fewer people would have health insurance in 2019, compared with current estimates under the law. The number of uninsured would then be 54 million, rather than 23 million, in 2019.

Republicans dispute the budget office findings, saying they are based on budget gimmicks written into the health care law by Democrats. As a result, the Republicans say that repealing the law would actually save money.

The debate on the bill is to begin Tuesday, with a final vote in the House set for Wednesday.