The figure is an increase of more than 2,000 centenarians from 2017 and a dramatic increase from 1965, when Japan first started collecting data on those who had lived past 100. Back then, there were 153.

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Japan celebrates the lives of its centenarians. Monday will be a public holiday known as the Respect for the Aged Day, when those who have reached the 100-year mark receive a letter of congratulations from the prime minister, Shinzo Abe, and a commemorative sake cup.

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Their growing numbers are evidence that Japan is a rapidly aging society. The median age of the country is 47.3, according to U.S. government figures. That makes it the second oldest country in the world, after Monaco; with low birthrates leading to a shrinking population, that figure is likely to rise in the future.

With Japan’s public debt at 236 percent of gross domestic product, there are concerns about the economic burden that this rapidly aging society will place on Japan. Many expect the elderly to suffer under budget cuts in the future, with pension benefits further delayed to age 68. There are concerns that many elderly are falling into poverty, with women particularly vulnerable as they struggle to find work.

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Under Abe, the Japanese government has pushed the idea of a “100-year-life” where the elderly would continue to contribute to society. “Being 70 years old today is like reaching one’s 60s or 50s in the past," the prime minister said at an event last year. "I myself will turn 63 this year, but I still feel like I am 52 or 53.”

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Japan’s National Institute of Population and Social Security Research has estimated that the number of centenarians will grow as the country’s broader population shrinks, potentially reaching 170,000 in a decade, according to Kyodo News.

Although the United States has a slightly higher number overall, 2015 research from Pew found that it had 2.2 centenarians per 10,000 people while Japan had 4.8 per 10,000. Studies have suggested that a Japanese diet and efforts to keep the elderly active in later life keep people living longer in the country.