MS16-004 Causes a TypeError on SharePoint Lists

EDIT: Microsoft has indicated that KB3114508, released on 1/12, precludes having to install the CU in order to resolve this issue.

If MS16-004 is applied to a farm, users will see a TypeError when viewing SharePoint lists:

This was noted on SharePoint StackExchange and the TechNet forums. The resolution is to apply the January 2016 Cumulative Update for SharePoint.