Show larger version of image Close Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas © Thomas Imo/photothek.net

Ladies and Gentlemen,

and, first and foremost, esteemed co hosts from Pulse of Europe and the Schwarzkopf Foundation Young Europe,



How can Europe hold its own in a world radicalised by nationalism, populism and chauvinism?

This is what I keep thinking about when I consider Germany’s role in Europe these days.

And this question is always in the back of my mind when I talk to my European counterparts, and, of course, during my visits to Moscow, Washington, Africa and the Middle East.

• Donald Trump’s egoistic policy of “America First”,

• Russia’s attacks on international law and state sovereignty

• and the expansion of the giant that is China.



That world order that we once knew, had become accustomed to and sometimes felt comfortable in – this world order no longer exists.

Old pillars of reliability are crumbling under the weight of new crises and alliances dating back decades are being challenged in the time it takes to write a tweet.

The US was long the leading power among the free nations. For 70 years, it was committed to freedom, prosperity and security here in Europe.



A few days ago, I stated that we will respond to the latest decisions made by the US with appropriate countermeasures.

Believe me, the fact that a German Foreign Minister has to say this is something that, to be honest, I wouldn’t have thought possible.

However, the Atlantic has become wider under President Trump and his policy of isolationism has left a giant vacuum around the world. We have felt that in particular since the G7 Summit.

Who will fill this vacuum? Authoritarian powers? Anyone at all?

Or will the European flag become the new banner of the free world, as the stars and stripes of the US once were?

The response to this must come not least from Germany.

Yes, we are particularly strong here when it comes to analysis. There’s scarcely a newspaper article or a political statement these days that doesn’t claim it is up to Europe to save free trade, climate protection and the multilateral world order. And yes, I fully agree with this assessment.

The urgency with which we must pool Europe’s strength in the world is greater than ever before. Digitalisation, climate change, migration and social issues relating to globalisation are worldwide phenomena that can only be tackled when Europe acts with the combined force of its 500 million citizens.

So what are we actually still waiting for? We can no longer afford to content ourselves with these insights. If Europe fails to sing from the same song sheet, then it will soon wind up only playing second fiddle.

In 20 years, our planet will probably be home to more than nine billion people, with only just over five percent of this number in the EU . That doesn’t sound like much, but five percent is still far more than the fractions of one percent accounted for by the individual nations of Europe on their own. Only when these five percent are united will we have any chance of being able to influence things in this changing world of ours.

This is why our common response to “America First” today must be “Europe United”!

And to this end, drawing up yet another set of bullet points won’t do the job.

Just doing that will not help to win over anyone in or to Europe.

At the end of the day, this is about something else. This is about our attitude to Europe. And I firmly believe that we also need greater courage in Europe.

• Courage, at long last, to resolutely seize the hand extended to us by the French President last September. And not with a multiple choice approach, but with our own alternatives where we have different visions.

• Courage also to present our own ideas for Europe’s future – ideas that are not exhausted by purely technocratic considerations or lip service to the EU .

• And courage to throw some of our own orthodoxies over board if this is in the interests of the greater good because only in this way will we truly remain capable of taking action.

Nationalism and isolationism also feed on our lack of courage. Populists need people’s fear and disorientation in order to propagate their fake solutions.

I am not indifferent to this – on the contrary. And I have been concerned for quite some time. This new nationalism distresses me greatly, and that is probably also to do with the fact that I hail from Saarland. Those who come from this border region have a particular affinity to Europe.

When I commenced my studies in Saarbrücken, the then President of the University encouraged each and every one of us in his inaugural lecture to cross the border to France by ourselves for the day and to ponder and reflect on the battlefields of Verdun not far away.

This is a real experience for those who only know war from history books.

And in fact, that is exactly what I did at the time. I hopped on my motorbike and rode to Verdun one morning. I saw the endless burial grounds, the countryside that is still disfigured by shell craters, and the Douaumont ossuary, the final resting place of 130,000 German and French soldiers – those who were so badly mangled that they could no longer be identified.

Anyone who has ever seen Verdun knows what a unique achievement the European Union is in terms of peace. They know what great courage was required to speak of reconciliation only a few short years after the devastation of two world wars.

In order to unleash new enthusiasm for Europe, it will not be enough to repeatedly invoke our history and the courage and foresight of the founders of Europe.

We must make it tangible in the here

and now that we need more Europe, not less – especially now!

Any honest assessment of the status quo also includes the realisation that this new form of nationalism is partly underpinned by new reasons, for which the policies of many governments share responsibility – all too often, these policymakers point the finger of blame at Brussels, but are happy to paint European successes as their own at home.

Moreover, we have, for far too long, considered globalisation and some of its excesses to be a type of natural phenomenon against which politicians could not or – stemming from a neoliberal ideology – did not want to do anything.



The banking crisis, migration flows, the outsourcing of jobs – these experiences are grist to the mill of nationalists and populists in and indeed beyond Europe.

It is therefore a key task of European policy to make people feel that globalisation and the erosion of structures of order are far from being natural phenomena against which we are defenceless. This requires courage to recast the European Union for the 21st century.

We don’t have a lot of time left to do this. But it is worth the effort!

Ladies and gentlemen,

Europe’s domestic state and international tasks are closely linked. Only cohesion and unity on the domestic stage will enable us to hold our own on the global stage.

It is for this reason that we also need a large Europe.

• A Europe that doesn’t differentiate between smaller and larger countries or between the centre and the periphery.

• A Europe that doesn’t end at the former Iron Curtain or at the ridge of the Alps.

Until 1989, the Berlin Wall stood only a few metres from here. It was a deadly frontier between East and West.

If we Germans have learned one thing from our history of division, then it is that walls and borders do not create security, but instead curtail freedom, prosperity and happiness. Far too many people have already experienced this for themselves.

We therefore cannot allow Europe to disintegrate into separate groups today or to establish new borders. We must heal the rifts that have emerged in our Union in recent years – between North and South and West and East.

Germany must offer Europe the willingness to overcome what divides us. We want to be a guarantor of the inner unity and strength of Europe so that Europe is better able to fulfil the hopes of Europeans and the expectations of the world.

Germany must also demonstrate flexibility in order for this to succeed. The line between fidelity to principles and stubbornness is sometimes a thin one, particularly here in Germany. We must also learn to see Europe more through the eyes of other Europeans in order to understand the European idea.



• On the one hand, we have the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which experienced the collapse of communism and the radical transformation of their way of life.

For them, Europe primarily represented a promise of freedom and prosperity.

Europe has delivered on both counts, despite the fact that an economic gap remains. However, its handling of the refugee crisis evoked a feeling among many in Central and Eastern Europe that others were making decisions for them – and I understand that people are apt to be sensitive when they believe their newly won sovereignty and identity are at stake, even if it merely feels that way.

It goes without saying that Europe cannot overlook shortcomings with regard to the democratic rule of law, as this is the foundation of our Union.

But know-it-all finger pointing on the part of Berlin certainly achieves less than intelligent policies geared towards balancing of interests.



• On the other hand, we also have the southern Member States that are still suffering from the impact of the financial crisis. While their economies have recovered in many ways, there are still regions in which 25, 30 or 40 percent of young people are unable to find employment. We in Germany cannot remain indifferent to this.

It must give us cause for alarm when in Italy of all places – a pillar of Europe and one of our closest partners to date – almost one in two believe that their country doesn’t benefit from EU membership.

Europe also needs to find a convincing response at many different levels to people’s legitimate expectations with regard to solidarity in southern Europe.

Ladies and gentlemen,



When we talk about a large Europe, then immediately the question as to the EU’s ability to act arises. Obviously, a large Europe mustn’t put the brakes on the ambitions of others who want to work together even more closely.

Instead of categorising people as good or bad Europeans, we should take note of the fact that the objective of ever closer union for the countries of Europe is not shared to the same extent by all Member States.

This is why we need mechanisms – and I concur with Emmanuel Macron here – that give groups within the EU the flexibility to forge ahead, without being blocked by others.

At the same time, however, the door must always be wide open to those who may possibly join later on.

One example of the fact that this can succeed is demonstrated by our enhanced cooperation in security and defence policy, to which 25 Member States signed up in the end. The keys to success were ambitious goals, maximum transparency and consistent openness vis-à-vis all Member States. These must continue to be the principles for making the EU even more effective.

Ladies and gentlemen,

Ensuring people’s commitment to Europe – and that is the point – is not so much a question of how decisions are made in Brussels as which decisions we make.

A particular opportunity for common action in Europe arises when nation states are confronted with global problems. By itself, no European country, not even Germany, has the necessary clout to shape globalisation, the trade system or international politics.

What the late Belgian Prime Minister Paul Henri Spaak once said ultimately rings true: “There are only two kinds of states in Europe: small states, and small states that have not yet realised they are small.”

What does that mean when we follow it through to its logical conclusion? Surrendering sovereignty to the EU enables us to win back the political influence we have long since lost as nations. Nationalism does not in fact mean “taking back control”, as the Brexiters claimed, but, in reality, “giving up control”.

Upholding sovereignty through closer cooperation must be the objective and principle within the EU . And this is why we urgently need an answer to the following question: what are the most important tasks that we must tackle together?

I see three main areas here:

• economic and financial policy, with its social dimension, which must ensure greater harmonisation of living standards – that is what people expect and it is also the promise of prosperity inherent in the European idea;

• migration policy, which must not be allowed to remain a source of division in Europe;

• and, lastly, foreign policy, which is a question of Europe’s political power and ability to assert its interests in the world.

There is no doubt in my mind that we must leave the divisions in European economic and financial policy behind us. To do so, we must finally put many ongoing reservations to rest.

After all, Germany benefits more from the euro and the internal market than most other countries in the European Union.

The Bertelsmann Stiftung has estimated that Germany’s economy grows by over 37 billion euros annually thanks to its membership of the internal market. That’s equivalent to an additional 450 euros of income per year for each and every one of us. Nine of our twelve largest trading partners are EU Member States; six of them, like us, use the euro for their business transactions.

It is therefore simply logical to say that the long-term stabilisation of the euro is thus in our own fundamental interests in Germany.

We Germans love insurance policies. In total, we have taken out over 430 million insurance policies to insure ourselves against all sorts of risks. But when it comes to safeguarding our common currency, we have passed the buck for too long.

It is therefore right that the Federal Chancellor has, for the first time, contributed some details with regard to how Europe can do better here.

But we need to go even further. If we want a strong, prosperous Europe without first and second-class citizens, then the discussion cannot end here. Deputy Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s proposal to equip the EU with its own tax-based resources for the first time via the financial transaction tax would represent a genuine paradigm shift. And particularly with a view to transatlantic relations, I think a digital tax would not be a bad idea either.



• We need greater efforts to curb youth unemployment, as well as less social disparity in the eurozone, for instance with a European minimum wage or a European reinsurance system for national unemployment insurance schemes.

• We need greater commitment on the part of the EU in the fight against social and tax dumping, for instance through the harmonisation of corporate taxes – that is the only way forward.

• And we need greater support for structural reforms and greater investment, for instance in digital transformation, one of the great challenges for our future.

All of this safeguards Europe’s economic stability, the stability of our currency and the social harmony for which we in Europe are envied all around the world.

Thrift is a virtue, but avarice threatens what we want to preserve and enhance – namely the unity and strength of Europe. Each and every cent invested here is money well spent –because we will all stand to benefit in the end.

Ladies and gentlemen,

So what is the alternative? Do we really want to stand idly by and accept that technologies of the future such as autonomous vehicles and artificial intelligence are only developed in Silicon Valley or in Shenzhen in China? If that is the case, then I believe the future of our own country as a business location also looks bleak. So why don’t we pool European venture capital, for example, and cut red tape, thereby promoting networking in the start-up sector not only at the national, but above all at the European level?

Germany must be prepared to do its part in all of this – in the interests of a united Europe, but also in Germany’s own interests.

Ladies and gentlemen,

The second policy field in which Europe is called upon to act is displacement and migration.

No issue has put cohesion in the EU more strongly to the test in recent years and no other has greater potential to divide us. This is why we must do everything in our power to ensure that migration no longer undermines cohesion in the EU .

I believe that we must do two things to this end:

• Firstly, we Germans in particular should stop taking an assumed moral high ground on migration, especially vis-à-vis our partners from Central and Eastern Europe. Mutual finger wagging and moral arrogance are likely to merely increase divisions.

• Secondly, all Member States must stop using migration to stoke political sentiments, particularly euroscepticism.

I have absolutely no patience for attempts to capitalise on migration issues in order to distract people from one’s own political shortcomings, including those at the domestic level.

We need to make rapid progress in the areas on which we have already achieved consensus. We must do more to tackle the reasons why people flee and to make our external borders more secure. We have left Italy and Greece to cope alone with these tasks for far too long.

And it is also very important to me that we keep the borders in Europe open.

Schengen stands for the freedom enjoyed by the people of Europe. Every day, 1.7 million people cross the border to work in another EU country. Sixteen million EU citizens live in another Member State, where they work, are retired or attend university. And we Europeans cross an internal Schengen border an inconceivable 1.25 billion times per year. There are no customs, passport checks or barriers – and that is how things must stay!

Yes, we need to do more to protect our external borders, but we must never relinquish the freedom we have achieved within Europe! If we did that, we would have a different Europe to the one many people dream of.



Some countries, including Germany, have reintroduced “temporary border controls”. I want to state very clearly that “temporary” checks must not become permanent ones. We cannot turn back the tide of time here and we cannot damage the European Union in this way!

Ladies and gentlemen,

Foreign policy is the third policy area in which the EU must demonstrate greater unity and strength.

“We Germans are aware that an increasingly strong alliance between the peoples of Europe is urgently needed, because our peoples must share the responsibility for the preservation of world peace more determinedly than hitherto and because only by combining the limited powers of the individual nations will they be able to fulfil this task...”

That was a quotation. However, it was not said this year, but rather in a speech given in 1967 by Willy Brandt, who was German Foreign Minister at the time. It seems that our analysis has not changed in the past 50 years.

But in the meantime, the world has become incomparably more complex than it was at the time of the Iron Curtain.

The Trump administration’s conduct is posing completely new challenges to Europe. We are faced with:

• the termination of the Paris Climate Agreements,

• withdrawal from the nuclear deal with Iran and overt threats of sanctions against European partners,

• and a return to protectionism.

All of this shakes our certainty that we and the US are allies in the fight for multilateralism and a rules-based world. And we should not delude ourselves here – this certainty has unfortunately already been shaken so badly that it bound to go beyond Trump’s presidency.

Naturally, the US remains our closest foreign and security policy partner outside the EU . However, it is time to readjust the transatlantic partnership, too – not with the aim of abandoning it, but rather to preserve it in a changed global situation.

We need a new balanced partnership with the US. This means:

• concentrating on working together where both sides’ values and interests are balanced,

• stepping up when our partner country withdraws

• and forming an assertive European counterweight when the US crosses a red line.

In recent days and weeks in particular, we are finding that where the US Administration overtly calls our values and interests into question, we will certainly need to take a more robust stance in the future.

The first test of this approach will be the nuclear agreement with Iran. We Europeans want to defend this agreement and we are united on that. Our aim is not to support Tehran, but rather to prevent a nuclear arms race in the Middle East – something that would also have devastating consequences for our own security here.

This can only be achieved if we join forces with France on a very wide range of issues. Under President Macron, France is finding the strength to undertake important reforms and has made far-reaching proposals on the future of Europe.



It is perfectly clear to me that our only response to this can be a resounding “Yes!” We do not need to reach agreement on every last detail right at the start of the debate, but given the uncertainty in transatlantic relations in particular, it must be absolutely clear that we are working hand in hand, especially now.

This does not mean we are like head teachers dictating the course for other Member States. We see ourselves as a motivating force that is working resolutely to further Europe.

If Berlin and Paris find the courage to work far more comprehensively together on economic, financial, energy and security issues than they have in the past, I firmly believe that others will follow suit. This will create a new momentum for Europe as a whole. And only in this way will we come closer to achieving the aim of greater strategic autonomy for Europe.



Ladies and gentlemen,

We agree with the US on the fundamental values of liberal democracy. In other parts of the world, however, authoritarian regimes are gaining ground.

Conflicts are raging in our neighbourhood – in Syria, Ukraine and the Middle East – and we have not got anywhere as regards resolving them because we have failed to make Europe’s voice sufficiently heard. And we are still failing to do so.

Europe must finally react to this, not by turning a couple of screws in the Brussels apparatus, but by changing its own mentality. We need greater courage, ambition and willingness to shape foreign policy. One could also say that we finally need to become capable of conducting foreign policy in the European Union.

In order to achieve this, two things are required:

• firstly, the determination to draw up a common foreign policy

• and secondly, the ability to implement European foreign policy.

We are still a very long way from both these things.

A European Security Council was already suggested in 2016 by Frank-Walter Steinmeier, who is now Federal President, and then French Foreign Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, his counterpart at the time.

Such an institution could define the framework for a coherent strategic EU foreign and security policy. That would be a prerequisite for creating European seats on the UN Security Council. Until then, all 27 Member States could meet once a year as the European Security Council.

After all, the world is not going to wait until we in Europe have finish discussing our structural issues.

I mainly see one way for us to become more capable, even this year, of taking foreign-policy action.



This would entail ending the curse of unanimity, which often leads to policies based on the lowest common denominator. This system is a blatant invitation to foreign powers to divide us and to make use of individual Member States’ potential to impose a blockade.

One suggestion would thus be that the European Council defines the first areas that can be decided immediately by a majority vote and that it does so as soon as possible.

Those who claim this means we are relinquishing sovereignty are mistaken. After all, who seriously still believes that a European country can achieve its national goals in any foreign-policy conflict of global importance on its own? Be it Iran, Ukraine or Syria, the answer to such conflicts is always the same – Europe must act as one. Otherwise, there will be no solution!

Creating stability in our neighbourhood must be the priority for European foreign policy.

That goes in particular for the countries of the Western Balkans.

If the EU does not manage to make headway in the accession process with these countries – and we are currently discussing this issue – there will be fatal consequences. For a long time now, other powers – Russia, China, Middle Eastern countries, that is, states with a completely different idea of order and stability than those held by us in Europe – have sought to fill this gap.

Naturally, EU accession is contingent on countries meeting clearly defined criteria. That has never been called into question.



The focus is on liberal democracy and a functioning state based on the rule of law. Some countries have made good progress in these areas. One example is the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, which will be called the Republic of North Macedonia in the future. Albania has also made significant progress by carrying out ambitious judicial reforms. That is why I expressly support the conditional opening of accession negotiations with these two countries. If we take away their prospect of accession, all of the reforms they have launched will come to nothing.

Ladies and gentlemen,

We also need a new Ostpolitik, that is, a European Ostpolitik that also shows new ways to cooperate with Russia in the interests of all European countries – and not merely those chosen by Russia – given the dangerous silence between Washington and Moscow.

This new Ostpolitik must also reach out to Eastern Partnership countries such as Georgia and Ukraine, which in many ways are as European as we are in how they think and feel.

It must take into account the needs of all Europeans – those of the Baltic states and Poland, as well as those of the western countries.

And it must find a balance between security interests, economic cooperation and collaboration on cultural and academic matters. This could also generate positive momentum in Europe’s relations with the eastern EU Member States.

Furthermore, we need a joint EU policy on Africa, one that no longer defines the continent merely as a recipient of development aid or an exporter of crises and migrants. During my first visit to Africa, it became very clear to me that Africa does not only want development aid – it wants a real partnership.

We also need a joint strategy on how to deal with China’s striving for power, in part so that we can work together to counter targeted attempts to sow division in the European Union.

That is why we will set out to make our United Nations Security Council membership in 2019/20 a European membership. Naturally, our name plate will say “Germany”, but when we speak in the Security Council, we also want to speak on behalf of all EU Member States from 1 January 2019 onwards. And when we vote, we will be guided more than before by European policies, which we want to draw up with our EU partners. That is the offer we are putting on the table!

Ladies and gentlemen,

As well as the courage to unite, the EU needs the right instruments to actually be able to put these policies into practice. Part of the new transatlantic reality is that we need to take on more responsibility for our own security because we can no longer count on the other side of the Atlantic doing so for us. We need a real European security and defence union.

We have truly made significant progress on defence structures thanks to Permanent Structured Cooperation.

But further steps are also essential here. That is why I support France’s proposal on a European Intervention Initiative – European Crisis Response Team would probably be a slightly more fitting name – which would be dovetailed with our Permanent Structured Cooperation. And we should also offer the United Kingdom a chance to join this initiative despite Brexit.

However, we must not close our eyes to a further reality – if we take this path, Germany will have to fill gaps in the Bundeswehr’s capabilities. That will cost money, but investing in equipment is certainly not the same as rearmament.

By the way, we are not doing this at President Trump’s current behest, but rather because we want to play our part in building up European security structures, which in turn are an essential component of – and by no means a substitute for – an EU foreign policy geared to peace and security.



As set out in the coalition agreement, this must go hand in hand with increased spending on all forms of diplomacy, ranging from crisis prevention to cultural understanding. Strong defence and strong diplomacy are two sides of the same coin, as we have known since Willy Brandt’s policy of détente at the latest.

It is obvious that European foreign policy can only ever be a policy of peace, as no conflict can be permanently resolved by military means.

Civilian crisis management must thus always be at the heart of European foreign and security policy. 2017 was the year when we achieved a breakthrough on Permanent Structured Cooperation. Let us make 2018 the year when we finally achieve a breakthrough on the civilian side, on a “Civilian Common Security and Defence Policy”!

We are supporting governance in Mali, helping to train security forces in Somalia, and fostering the establishment of law and order in Iraq.

But we first need to find, train and support the experts we need for these things. We want the EU to be able to do this on its own in the future. And we suggest that all EU Member States undertake to second such experts to a new civilian European Stabilisation Corps.

Ladies and gentlemen,

We in the Federal Foreign Office will continue firming up the details of these key issues in the coming weeks and months and will also seek to make progress on them at the policy level.

My goals are detailed work plans for a balanced partnership with the US, a new European Ostpolitik and the establishment of a sovereign and strong Europe.



Ladies and gentlemen,

As a native of Saarland, I come from a region that was constantly shifted back and forth between Germany and France in the last century. My grandmother lived her whole life in the same town, the same street and the same house – and yet she had five different passports over the course of her life, not because she herself changed where she lived, but because the world around her changed.

My generation was spared such upheavals. I grew up with a feeling of peace, a spirit of reconciliation and a sense of freedom. I am part of the Interrail generation. In the summer when I was 17, I travelled all over Europe by train.

Democracy, the rule of law and human rights – much of what was once taken for granted by my generation is now being called into question again. And once more, we need to learn how to respond to this and not merely be passive bystanders.

That is why Pulse of Europe is such a wonderful thing. It has brought tens of thousands of people out on to the streets – but not frustrated, angry individuals. Instead, we are finally seeing people who are filled with optimism and have a positive message to share. That is also possible in Germany!

This enthusiasm about Europe does not come about on its own. And that is why we should create more events and opportunities for people – especially young people – to meet. One example would be a European Youth Day,

when young people from all Member States would meet, celebrate, talk and experience the similarities and diversity of European culture.



Or why don’t we make more use of digital technology in the Europe-wide debate, for example in a European cyber forum, where every European would communicate in his or her own language, with a digital language assistant translating what is said in real time?



Estonia has already developed this type of online tool and I am certain that our Estonian friends would be happy to share their experiences with us.

This last point in particular – more political debate – is especially important to me. Europe is about more than harmony and friendship between nations. It is also about politics, which means debating opinions democratically and across borders.

We also need a new form of politicisation in order to overcome the polarisation caused by the new form of nationalism we are witnessing.

• How much money do we want to spend on tackling youth unemployment?

• How far can civil liberties be curtailed in the fight against terrorism?

• Do we want to save more or invest more?

All of these are highly political questions. German, French or any other national positions are not the issue here – competing political ideas are the issue. What could be more fascinating?

A new European Parliament will be elected in a year’s time.

We cannot abandon these elections to nationalists and populists who are incapable of compromise.

We thus need to use the crises in and expectations of Europe to bring about a constructive type of politicisation.

Where there are no debates, the electorate lacks orientation.

When voters have the impression that their ballot paper is no longer able to bring about a democratic change of course, it is easy for populists to call the system into question, as we have seen too many times in recent years.

So let us recall an old virtue of democracy – arguing fairly with one another! Europe needs competition on the best ideas.

Ladies and gentlemen,

Can one actually be proud of a certain nationality? I think that is something everyone has to decide for themselves. The history of Saarland at any rate shows that one’s nationality can simply be a matter of coincidence.



I am proud of freedom, democracy, our open and tolerant society, peaceful coexistence and social cohesion. None of these things can be taken for granted – they were fought for and are defended by the people of this country. That is what I am proud of!



However, they are also European achievements that can form the heart of a new European patriotism, to which populists and nationalists can only respond with historical dementia.

This European patriotism gives us the courage we need for the Europe of the future:

• a Europe that is united internally and strong externally,

• a Europe where wealth is distributed fairly,

• a Europe that stands up for peace and fair compromises between countries

• and a Europe that protects freedom in the Union itself and stands up to foreign despots abroad.

Given the current state of the world, Europe United is needed more than ever.

This is our chance and Europe is our hope.



Thank you very much!



