Ukraine conflict: The 'cyborg' defenders of Donetsk airport By Vitaly Shevchenko

BBC Monitoring Published duration 31 October 2014 Related Topics Ukraine conflict

image copyright Grigory Mustang image caption After months of fighting rebels, the soldiers at Donetsk airport are viewed by Ukrainians as superhuman

Mention a cyborg to a Ukrainian these days and they probably won't think of "cybernetic organisms", or man-machines of science fiction. Instead, the word now conjures up images of rugged, heavily armed men holed up inside what remains of Donetsk Airport in war-torn eastern Ukraine.

The airport has become a symbol of Ukraine's fight against separatists, and the "cyborgs" are Ukrainians who have held on to it despite persistent rebel attack.

The nickname was first used online and has since become a media staple in Ukraine. It stuck, because to some the Donetsk airport defenders' exploits have appeared superhuman.

The separatists have been trying to capture the airport since May, allegedly with backing from the Russian military.

image copyright Reuters image caption The airport's main terminal is now a shell, only two years after it was opened

Even though a ceasefire was declared in early September, the airport remains a scene of fierce fighting almost every day.

It is located on the northern edge of Donetsk, eastern Ukraine's biggest city and a key rebel stronghold, which separatists use as a springboard for their attacks.

And against this backdrop of violence, the pro-Russian rebels are to hold elections on 2 November, in this region and in rebel-held areas of neighbouring Luhansk, in defiance of Ukraine, but with the support of the government in Moscow.

The airport is sandwiched between the Ukrainian and separatist-controlled zones, which means that surrounding it and cutting off supplies completely is difficult.

Built only a couple of years ago, ahead of the Euro 2012 football championships co-hosted by Ukraine and Poland, the airport is estimated to have cost around $860m (£537m; €685m).

image copyright Getty Images image caption The control tower with its Ukrainian flag has become a symbol of the fight against separatists

But now the glittering showcase has been reduced to a heap of twisted metal, and its runway is littered with burnt-out tanks and shattered airliners.

Rebels are very close to the main terminal building and have even entered some of its floors.

The Ukrainians, however, are holding out on others. So far, this has been enough to keep the separatists at bay.

image copyright Getty Images image caption Knocked-out tanks litter the runway

image copyright Vlad Kazarin image caption There are tanks at the terminal building, too

It is not clear how many people on either side have died in the fighting for the airport; retrieving the bodies is so dangerous that some are reportedly left to lie among the debris.

So why are both sides so determined for control over the airport?

Clearly it would allow munitions, hardware and manpower to be airlifted into the conflict zone. But, given its current sorry state, it is going to be a while before the airport is able to handle flights.

For now, its significance is as symbolic as it is practical.

image copyright Sergei Loiko image caption Fierce fighting at the airport has been going on for months

image copyright Grigory Mustang image caption Just like many airports around the world, Donetsk had a luxury car on display in its main terminal

In addition to deliveries from the army, the airport's embattled defenders receive many of their supplies from Ukraine's volunteer movement . President Petro Poroshenko himself donated some night-vision goggles.

But behind the media image of the cyborgs, there is a grim reality to the soldiers' lives.

Some of the Ukrainian fighters inside the ruins of the airport have taken to social media to describe what it is like being there.

"It's cold. It's dark. It's dangerous all the time. All this affects how you think. You get used to shots being fired pretty quickly," writes Maxim Muzyka . "You get used to everything," he adds.

Just like civilians outside the conflict zone, the soldiers take selfies and post videos of what is going on around them.

"Not everyone likes the name," says Vasily Holoveshchenko who paints a sobering picture of life at odds with the superhuman image they have been given.

"We are humans. Almost every one of us is married with children. Our thoughts are human too - we want this to be over soon."

image copyright Grigory Mustang image caption Both regular army soldiers and volunteers are defending Donetsk airport

image copyright Ilya Koshkovsky image caption The soldiers are treated as heroes by Ukrainians, here as they return to Mykolayiv in southern Ukraine

BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. For more reports from BBC Monitoring, click here. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.