As of January 1, California has statewide rent control. For the first time, the state is placing limits on rent hikes. It is now illegal for residential landlords to raise rent more than 5 percent, plus the local rate of inflation, in one year.

The law, known as Assembly Bill 1482 or the “Tenant Protection Act of 2019,” is designed to prevent the most “egregious” rent hikes across California, where most renters are struggling to pay for housing.

State lawmakers are embracing rent control after more than two decades of muffling the abilities of cities to impose it. They now say it’s necessary to provide a bit of relief to renters as the state grapples with a housing shortage, a growing homeless population, and a poverty rate of 18.2 percent, the second highest in the nation.

“Millions of California renters are just one rent increase or eviction away from experiencing homelessness,” the bill’s author, Assemblymember David Chiu (D-San Francisco), said in October, when the legislation was signed into law. “Just because someone rents doesn’t make them any less worthy of having a stable home.”

Gov. Gavin Newsom has said that with AB 1482, California will boast the “nation’s strongest statewide renter protections.” AB 1482 also requires landlords to show “just cause,” such as failure to pay rent, when terminating a lease.

Chiu and others have refrained from referring to AB 1482 as rent control. That’s likely because many economists agree that rent control can make problems worse for renters in the long run by cutting into landlords’ profits and encouraging them to get out of the rental business.

The California Rental Housing Association, which represent landlords, was among the bill’s biggest critics. It and other groups have argued that California—and especially Los Angeles, the third most unaffordable metro region in the U.S.—needs to prioritize building more housing to bring down costs.

“It is unfortunate that political expediency won over a comprehensive housing solution that will actually move the state closer to the Governor’s goal of creating 3.5 million new housing units,” the association’s president Sid Lakireddy said in a statement.

As researchers at UC Berkeley’s Terner Center for Housing Innovation cautioned in a July report, “guarding against excessive rent increases alone is not enough to address California’s housing crisis.”

They ultimately concluded that AB 1482 could help protect tenants from extreme rent increases. Still, they encouraged lawmakers to come up with policies that would preserve affordable housing—and encourage builders to produce more of it.

In the end, they say the positive impacts of AB 1482 will hinge on public awareness of the new rules and effective enforcement. But the new law will not be applied universally. The rent control provisions will apply to cities that don’t already have rent control laws and expand rent control in those that do.

To that end, a breakdown of how the law will work is below.

Will my apartment be rent-controlled?

That depends on where you live. If you reside in a city that does not already have a local rent control law and your rental is at least 15 years old, the answer is most likely “yes.”

In an effort not to stymie new construction that’s sorely needed, the state law will exempt buildings constructed in the last 15 years. That’s a rolling date, meaning units built in 2006 will be covered in 2021, units built in 2007 will be covered in 2022, and so on.

If you live in a building that’s already covered by local rent control laws, the rules will not change.

What types of buildings will be impacted?

The state rent control law will be applied mostly to apartments and other multi-families buildings—with some exceptions—along with some single-family homes.

Condos and single-family homes will be exempt, unless they are owned by a corporation or real estate investment trust. Duplexes where the owner lives in one of the units will also be exempt.

How much will my rent go up?

If you live in a city that does not already have a local rent control law, rent increases will be limited to 5 percent, plus local inflation, but could never exceed a total of 10 percent.

For example, if you’re renting in Redondo Beach, which does not have its own local rent control law, and you pay $1,550 per month for rent, and Los Angeles County metropolitan area’s inflation rate is 3.3 percent, your landlord could raise your rent as much as 8.3 percent, a monthly increase of $129.

To help tenants whose landlords might have gone on a rent hiking binge in anticipation of AB 1482 passing, the law will be retroactive to March 15, 2019. Whatever amount you paid as of that date is that amount by which the increase will be based.

How much is inflation?

The rate of inflation will be tied to the Consumer Price Index in each metropolitan area. In Los Angeles County, it averaged 2.5 percent from 2001 to 2018. Right now, the applicable CPI is 3.3 percent in Los Angeles and Orange counties.

Which communities have local rent control laws?

In Los Angeles County, the cities of Santa Monica, West Hollywood, Beverly Hills, Culver City, Inglewood, the city of Los Angeles, and unincorporated neighborhoods of Los Angeles County have local rent control laws.

What if I live in a city that already has rent control?

For the most part, the rules will not change. AB 1482 will not override local rent control laws. However, it will cover units that are not already covered by local rent control laws.

For example, in the city of Los Angeles, the local rent control law only applies to buildings constructed before 1978. But several hundred thousand newer units that opened in the nearly three decades from 1978 to 2005 will be covered under AB 1482.

So, in the city of Los Angeles, if you live in a building that opened before 1978, your rent will be capped under the provisions of the city’s law (it’s 4 percent this year.) If you live in a building that opened after 1978 and is at least 15 years old, the state law will apply and your rent will be capped at 5 percent, plus inflation.

How do I find out when my building was built?

In the county of Los Angeles, it’s pretty easy: Just plug your street address into the assessor’s online portal.

What do you do if you believe your landlord has violated the law?

There’s no reporting or enforcement mechanism tied to AB 1482. Assemblymember Chiu’s office advises tenants to contact an attorney or legal aid organization if they suspect their landlord has violated the new law.

What else is in the bill?

Equally as important as the rent cap, renter advocates say, is a provision that will require landlords to show “just cause”—such as failure to pay rent—when evicting tenants. That will end the ability that landlords have now, in most parts of the state, according to CalMatters, to evict tenants without giving an explicit reason.

For tenants who have lived at the property for at least one year, landlords will have to give the renter the opportunity to “cure” the violation. Other examples of just cause include violating the terms of a lease and committing a crime on the property.

If a landlord wants to convert the rentals to condos or “substantially” remodel the property, they will have to pay relocation fees equal to one month of rent.

These rules will not apply to cities with their own local just cause laws, including Los Angeles, Santa Monica, and Glendale.