Back on ssh topic, i think this is third or perhaps the fourth article regarding ssh, one of my favorite tools on a Linux server, and that a lot of times is not used or configured properly. In this small guide i’ll show you some setup to make your ssh server a bit more safer from the most common attacks.

In particular i’ll show the configurations for openssh that is the most common and used ssh server in all Linux distributions but, as small suggestion, if you are using a VPS and you want to save some memory check also dropbear, it’s a valid alternative to openssh and it saves some space in your ram.







For Debian and Ubuntu (but also for other distributions) the configuration file it’s located at /etc/ssh/sshd_config and at the end of all changes you’ll need to restart ssh daemon.

1 – Disable root access

I’ve always thought that direct connection with root account it’s a bad habit, because

Attackers already know the username, so just need to discover the password

If the account it’s hacked your machine it’s FUBAR

If more than 1 people administers that machine it’s better to use sudo to track who does things.

So to disable direct root connection set this option:

PermitRootLogin no PermitRootLogin no

2 – Enable only some users or groups

Probably on your machine only a few users must login via ssh, if they are just a few you can use the directive:

AllowUsers username AllowUsers username

This option can be followed by a list of user name patterns, separated by spaces.If specified, login is allowed only for user names that match one of the patterns.`*’ and `?’ can be used as wildcards in the patterns. or if you want to manage the access via a group you can use another option:

AllowGroups groups AllowGroups groups

Like above this option can be followed by a list of group name patterns, separated by spaces.If specified, login is allowed only for users whose primary group or supplementary group list matches one of the patterns.`*’ and `?’ can be used as wildcards in the patterns

These 2 directives are really useful because you don’t have to worry anymore of the products that when installing set up a new account, maybe with a weak password.





3 – Change the standard port

Another safety rule is to change the default port, ie 22, since most of the automated tools perform Brute Force attacks or Dictionary Attacks right on this port.

It’ better to use a port above 1024, because the port scanners usually scans the first 1024 ports, so we’ll use the 2222.

So we change the directive substituting 2222 to 22

Port 2222 Port 2222

Now to connect to yourserver.com with your ssh client you have to specify the port, this is easily done adding the -p option to the openssh client:

ssh -p 2222 yourserver.com ssh -p 2222 yourserver.com

Conclusions

And that’s all, as you can see these are really 3 easy steps, but they will make your server more secure from the most common attacks.

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