It’s a harsh wasteland out there, fellow vault dwellers. Horrors can be found in every corner of the Commonwealth. Making it through Fallout 4 in one piece can be tough—especially at first. Thankfully, we’re here to help.


A few of us here at Kotaku have been playing the game non-stop for the last week, and we’ve compiled a list of tips and hints that we think will help you out on your journey to find your son. So put away that copy of Grognak, and let’s talk shop.

[This post originally ran in November 2015, however, we’ve now heavily updated it with a ton of new tips.]


Don’t Worry Too Much About Your SPECIAL Build

There is no level cap in Fallout 4. If you play for long enough, you’ll be able to max out, or nearly max out, pretty much everything on your Perk chart. So, sure—take a moment and peruse the chart; imagine what type of playthrough you’ll want to take; choose a SPECIAL build that opens up the types of Perks you’re interested in. Just don’t overthink it. You’ll be fine.

Some Builds Are Better Than Others, Though

If you’re still struggling with picking a build, here are some specifics you might want to make note of:

Some basic lockpicking and hacking skills are useful to get inside of locked areas.

The Scrounger perk is good because ammo is relatively scarce compared to Fallout 3 and New Vegas. This perk also applies to Fusion Cores, a rare type of ammo that you need to fuel Power Armor.

The Luck SPECIAL attribute is more obviously useful this time around, in general. Bloody Mess is as fun as it is handy. Mysterious Stranger can save your skin. Better yet, companions like Valentine react to the Mysterious Stranger’s appearance, and it’s the best.

Action Boy makes regenerating Action Points ridiculously fast.

Winning speech checks is nice, but a charisma build can feel unsatisfying thanks to Fallout 4’s thin dialogue.

The lead belly perk might seem enticing given how much food you can find in the wasteland, but healing via Stimpaks is better. Food heals you a certain amount, whereas Stimpaks heal a certain percentage.

Sneaking skills are borderline OP.

The Lone Wanderer perk will remain active with Dogmeat as your companion.

Grab The Gun At The End of the First Vault

There’s a container near the Overseer’s office in Vault 111. It requires a master lockpick—which there’s no way to have at the start of the game. But shortly after you leave the vault, you’ll find Dogmeat, your trusty canine companion. If you go back into the vault and tell Dogmeat to fetch near the locked case, he will grab the powerful gun for you. Here’s a video walkthrough, if you’re a visual learner:

Ammo for the Cryolator is hard to come by, but an easy way to get it is to set whatever Protectrons you come across to “Firefighter” mode. When those Protectrons drop dead, they’ll have Cryolator ammo on their corpses. Hooray!


Explore Your Old Stomping Grounds

Once you leave Vault 111, there’s plenty to see and loot back in the ruins of your old neighborhood. You can find Codsworth, your former robot butler, roaming the nearby streets. You can pick up bobby pins, which are necessary for lockpicking. And you can find goodies at your old house, too: the room in the back-right of the hallway has a “You’re SPECIAL” book on the floor. Picking it up grants you one SPECIAL point of your choosing.


Stick To The Story Missions (At First)

While it may be tempting to go wandering into the wasteland, you’re probably not prepared for most Commonwealth encounters just yet. I suggest doing some story missions to start out. Within a few hours, the main quests will give you decent equipment (including Power Armor), as well as lead you to Diamond City—where you can find a couple of companions, a variety of quests, and many, many shops. Additionally, main quests will level you enough to be able to take on the other horrors waiting in the wasteland.


Collect The Right Junk


You can pick up and make use of nearly everything in Fallout—but you still shouldn’t lug around every single piece of garbage lying around. That packrat mentality is just a quick way of becoming over-encumbered, which will lead to you spending way too much time in menus, sorting through crap, instead of adventuring.

You should check out the “junk” tab in your inventory, where you can switch to “component view.” There, you can tag various components that you may want to keep an eye out for in the wild. It’s a good idea to tag screws, adhesive, aluminum, fiberglass, antiseptic, ballistic fiber, circuitry, crystal, oil, as well as whatever you’re interested in scavenging.




Save Often

Seriously: Fallout 4 is harder than both Fallout 3 and New Vegas. You will die often. I’ve lost a ton of progress because I didn’t save enough; don’t let the same thing happen to you. Save every 15-20 minutes or so. Save when you enter a new area. Save when you make good progress. You can even save in the middle of conversations! Change up your quicksaves and “hard saves,” as well. Kirk tells me his rule of thumb is: “Quicksave in combat, hard save before combat.”


Don’t Fast Travel

Fallout 4 is at its best when it surprises you, and you lessen the opportunity for surprise when you just teleport everywhere. There are a ton of things in Fallout 4 that aren’t marked on your map, too—from random events, to merchants, to secret locales. You’ll miss them all if you fast travel. Here’s some of the crazier stuff I’ve found while playing Fallout 4 without fast travel, in case you need some convincing.


Take Notes

Along the way, you’ll find plenty of locked doors, caches, and difficult terminals that you can’t investigate yet. Write down their locations, and come back later, when you have the right specs. There’s a ton of awesome treasure hidden behind locks and terminals!


Read The Signs

Survivors have scribbled all sorts of things on the walls and streets of the Commonwealth. These always means something. A “KEEP OUT” sign might mean the difference between walking into a super mutant hideout, and living. And a “traders welcome” sign might actually be a Raider trap, hilariously enough.


Occasionally, you’ll also find symbols scattered about. These mean signal specific things, too:


Look Out For Collectibles


Bobbleheads can increase your SPECIAL stats. Magazines can give you special abilities, or stat boosts. And unique weapons can grant you a combat advantage. If you want to know where all these items are hiding, make sure to check out the the (unofficial) Fallout Tracker website—it’ll tell you where every single one of these objects is tucked away. If you want to discover them on your own, that’s cool too. Just make sure to check every nook and cranny for collectibles!

Use VATS To Scope Stuff Out

Even when you don’t see enemies, it’s a good idea to tap the VATs button every so often. This is a good way to catch mines, and to identify faraway enemies. More than once, tapping VATs outside of combat alerted me to dormant ghouls. Thanks to this trick, I’m not ambushed by those sneaky bastards nearly as much as Bethesda planned.


Do The Cambridge Police Station Quest Early


[Image source: Fallout Wikia ]

Not only will you get a great weapon for completing this quest, you’ll also gain access to the Brotherhood of Steel questline. I’m still using the gun I got from this location after beating the game, and the Brotherhood itself is a good resource to have, even if you don’t agree with their goals.




Use The Junk Gun

If you really can’t help yourself from collecting every single piece of crap from the wasteland, good news! Doing the initial Brotherhood of Steel quest gives you access to the “Junk Jet” gun, which uses random junk as ammo.


Don’t Scrap Pre-War Money

It’s worth more in raw caps. Feel free to disregard this tip if you’re actually hurting for cloth scrap, though.


Hack Like A Pro

The animation at the start of a terminal session is pretty long, but you can skip it by tapping the action button. Once the potential passwords are in front of you, look out for any letters or patterns that repeat themselves a few times: these are a good way to make an initial educated guess. Here’s the key thing the game doesn’t explain very well: The number of “matched” letters aren’t just in the word, they’re in that place in the word. After picking a potential password, pay attention to how many letters you got right. Picking a word with zero matches is actually very valuable—you can rule out a bunch of possibilities that way.


If it comes down to the wire, look out for any <>, (), and [] entries hidden in the code. Selecting these will get rid of duds, as well as replenish your tries. If that still doesn’t work, remember that you can always back out and start a new session.



And if you really can’t be bothered with this stuff, use the Fallout Hack Tool. There, you can input your word choices from the hacking mini-game, and it’ll tell you what your most optimal choice for success is. Awesome.


Use Enemy Weaknesses To Your Advantage

Every enemy has a weakness. Make use of them. Off the top of my head...shoot ghouls in the leg; they break easily and can stop these enemies from rushing you down. Deathclaws have fragile bellies. Robots go down faster with Pulse and Plasma weapons. Shoot humans in the head for massive damage, or aim for their weapon hand, to stop them from attacking. And if you ever, ever see a Super Mutant Suicider, IMMEDIATELY SHOOT THEIR RIGHT ARM. They’re carrying mini-nukes and will try to tackle you while holding them. This is instant death.


If you’re curious about more weaknesses, take the Awareness perk, which tells you more about what enemies are susceptible to.



Know Your Enemy

When you see a skull next to an enemy’s name, that means they are higher level than you—and can thus be tough to kill. If you see a star next to an enemy’s name, that means they’re legendary. Legendaries are tough to kill, because they can “mutate” mid-fight—an ability which heals them. It’s super-annoying. While running away from tough battles is a viable strategy, if you can swing it, it’s definitely worth killing these enemies. They’ll drop randomly-generated gear with all sorts of cool and unusual abilities that you can’t get any other way. Some examples...



Don’t Forget About Sidequests

While the main quests are pretty awesome, Fallout 4’s sidequests is where the game really shines. Once you’ve got decent gear, peruse some of your optional quests—including the ones under the “Miscellaneous” tab in the Quests menu. Read through them, and do the ones that sound interesting to you.


Don’t Wait Too Long For Certain Quests

Some sidequests operate on a timer, and can be failed if you don’t do them quickly enough. Unfortunately the game doesn’t let you know about this until you actually fail the quests.


Without going into spoilers, a good rule of thumb is this: if it seems time-sensitive, it very well might be. For example: if a friend gets kidnapped and the assailants tell you you need to hurry to save him, if you wait too long, that friend might actually die.



Use Your Companions To Your Advantage


Companions are useful outside of combat! Certain characters can do things like lockpicking or hacking, which is great if your character didn’t spec for that stuff. To get you started: Nick Valentine (from Diamond City) is good at hacking, and Cait (from Combat Zone) is great at lockpicking.

Talk To Your Companions

Getting closer to your buddies means unlocking special quests, and eventually, companion-specific perks. You can only gain a companion’s trust by making decisions they like, though—so you’ll want to talk to them to get a feel for what each companion “stands” for. Quick tip: Nick Valentine and Piper like it when you help people. If you’re the ‘steal everything’ or ‘only look out for yourself’ type, you’ll want to avoid having those companions around—they’ll hate everything you do.


Should you romance a partner, you’ll even gain a special bonus after sleeping in a bed with those characters nearby.

Keep Your Companions Stocked Up

And remember: your companions are only as good as the gear they’re equipped with. Don’t hog all the best items; give some great gear to your followers, too. Make sure that they actually equip that stuff; you can control this via their inventory menu. Note that the weapons companions come with never run out of ammo, but any weapons you give them will.


...But Don’t Give Companions Explosives

Grenades, molotovs, missiles, and mini-nuke weapons should not be given to companions. Your friends will use these weapons at the worst time, and you’ll be caught in the blast radius.


Dress Dogmeat Up


He can’t wear normal armor, but he CAN wear bandanas, collars, dog armor, and certain goggles. Good boy!

Remember, Dogmeat Can Fetch

You never know what the pup will find lying around. Dogmeat is known to retrieve everything from ammo to Fat Mans. Every so often, tell Dogmeat to fetch, just for kicks: maybe he’ll bring back something killer.


OMG DOGMEAT

HE CAN PLAY WITH TEDDY BEARS IF YOU EQUIP THEM ON HIM.

Don’t Forget His Doghouse

If you build a doghouse at your settlement, he’ll hang out there. If you should ever swap him out with another follower and send him back to your settlement at Sanctuary, he’ll automatically go to one of the doghouses in town. If you’re worried you’ve lost him, check those.


Buy More Dogs

Dogmeat not enough? Fallout 4 actually lets you own more than one dog, but to do it, you’ll need to speak to a character named Gene. You’ll need some charisma to convince him to give you a dog, after which you can send said dog to a settlement. The pupster will increase both your settlement’s defense and happiness!


Listen To The Diamond City Radio

The DJ is hilarious.

Explore Every Town Thoroughly

Even alleyways can hide special characters, quests, or events. And in densely-packed places like Diamond City, it’s pretty easy to miss smaller areas of the town. Always make sure to make a thorough sweep and explore every building in a town. You might be surprised by what you find.


Pick A Base of Operations


You have two options at the start of the game: Red Rocket truck stop, and Sanctuary. Both have a variety of useful stations: storage chests for extra junk, armor workbenches, cooking pits, a Power Armor dock, a chemistry station, and even a bed. Sanctuary provides more space for you to build your settlement, but it also requires more work to put together. Red Rocket is smaller, but it has a nicer, more signature look starting out. Neither is a bad choice, but you should still focus on only one, at least to start out.

Build Your Settlements

If you play your cards right, you can build your settlement to be so self-sufficient and resourceful, it’ll have more amenities and shops than Diamond City itself. For that, you’ll want to invest in the Charisma tree most of all, especially the Perk that lets you share resources between settlements.


Break Down What You Don’t Need

Everything you see in your settlement can be moved around and broken down into scrap. Here’s a quick guide to get you started on that.


Grow Your Own Stuff

On a very basic level, you can use your settlements to provide some useful materials that can aid you on your adventure. Under the “resources” tab, you can find options to build water pumps and water purifiers—which can provide you with a free way to heal yourself. You can also use the resources tab to plant food, which you can then use in recipes to cook your own food. Squirrel Stew in particular boosts your XP gain by 2% for two hours, and it requires bloodleaf, carrot, tato, and squirrel bits to make it. You can read more about cooking here. Remember: three dirty water bottles can be turned into one purified water, too.


Make Adhesives

Crops are good for cooking, but they’re also great for crafting. Most notably, you’ll want to use the Cooking Station to build Vegetable Starch. Vegetable starch breaks down into 5 adhesive, which is one of the most useful crafting items around:


The recipe calls for 3 corn, 3 muttfruit, 1 purified water, and 3 tatos. All of these items are easy to find out in the land, and many storeowners carry at least a couple of these. You can provide your own purified water, provided you build a purifier on your settlement, too. Once you have everything, I’d suggest going into your workshop and planting these items, like so:


It’ll take a bit of time for these crops to grow, but once they do, you’ll multiply the number of components you initially had, and you’ll be able to count on more of those items in the future, when you need more adhesive. Hooray, farming!

Build Defenses

It doesn’t happen often, but your settlements can get attacked by Raiders and Super Mutants. These attackers can even steal your items, which is especially troubling if they get a hold of any of your docked Power Armor. To avoid this, you should at least invest in some basic turrets on the settlements you care about, if not give your settlers some basic weapons. They might help your settlement from getting wrecked.


Assign People To Do Things

This is pretty easy to miss, but almost everything can have a person “assigned” to it. When you highlight an item, like a resource or useable item, look at the bottom part of your screen. One of the prompts should be “assign,” and from there you can pick whatever person you want to give that task to. This is useful if you want to regularly harvest your garden, or if you want to make sure someone is actually manning your shops or outposts.


Customize Your Power Armor

It will take a lot of resources, but if you keep an eye out for some of the junk listed earlier in this article, tweaking your Power Armor should be a zinch. You’ll want to do it, too: customization allows you to tailor your Power Suit to your specific playstyle.


Here’s my suit:


I’ve built it so that it grants me extra damage and energy resistance, extra strength, it boosts my action point refresh, and even increases my VATs hit chance. If you find a Hot Rodder magazine in the wasteland, you’ll even be able to unlock custom paint jobs for your rig. Neat.

Invest In The Jetpack Mod

Some high locations/special items can only be reached with this mod installed on your Power Armor—hence why you’ve probably encountered enemies on roofs while adventuring. You can find the Jetpack mod option in the Power Armor customization menu, which is accessed in the Power Armor rack. You’ll need rank four of Science! to build it.


Get The Best Power Armor

While you can find a variety of different suits in the wasteland, there’s one in particular that reigns supreme above all: the X-01 Power Armor. If you want to find it, make sure to read this.


Get The Best Armor

You can’t always run around in Power Armor, I get it. Or, maybe you’re more interested in wearing fashionable gear. There’s actually a way to upgrade ‘normal’ armor, like suits and dresses, to become pretty kickass. We’ve written up a guide on how to upgrade normal armor to the max here.


Don’t Use Pipe Weapons

They suck.

Don’t Use Raider Armor

They’re not very good. That’s why this line of gear looks like garbage.

Don’t Buy Stimpaks

They’re expensive, and if you scrounge enough while adventuring, you should never be short on them anyway.


Customize Your Weapons


Every weapon can be modified to add a variety of effects, including better damage, range, and recoil. Naturally, you’ll want to make your weapons as good as they can be, so make sure to stop by your weapons station and peruse your available modification options for your favorite weapons. Don’t bother upgrading weapons you don’t use. Make sure to tag any components you’re missing, so you can find them out in the wild.

It helps to have the right perks here, too. Otherwise, your customization options will be pretty limited. For those of you that like shooting bullets, you’ll want the Gun Nut perk for your weapon customization needs. If you plan on using energy weapons, get the Science! perk, instead.


Name Your Guns

Chances are you’ll wind up with a few main guns that you like to use. Take the time to name them while at the weapon crafting table. It’ll help you tell them apart from other guns you may pick up, and it’s always fun to come up with good weapon names. Kirk sent me this screenshot of his:


And remember, you can always use HTML to italicize or bold names, too.

Find The Alien Blaster

It’s one-of-a-kind. Here’s a video guide on how to find it.

Farm Legendary Gear

Once you’re high enough level to take down enemies with stars next to their names, you can start farming said enemies for the best gear in the game. If that’s of interest, make sure to read our legendary farming guide here.


Reserve Your Fusion Cores

Don’t take out your Power Armor on a whim. Fusion cores are scarce at the start of the game, so save Power Armor for tough dungeons, or boss fights. Worth keeping in mind that walking around and standing still use less Fusion Core energy than sprinting or using VATS, and fast traveling uses none of your core. When you leave a suit behind at your base, make sure to take the Fusion Core with you—else settlers or attackers might get in the suit and use up your fuel.


Steal Fusion Cores From The Brotherhood of Steel

This one guy, to be specific. For whatever reason, this specific soldier at the Brotherhood of Steel base regenerates Fusion Cores indefinitely, as you can see in this video by Gametastik:

Obviously, you’ll want to save before attempting, and it helps to actually have some pickpocketing/sneaking perks on your character.




Sell Your Fusion Cores Before They Run Out

You can get full price for a Fusion Core at a vendor if you swap it out before the gauge reaches zero.


Understand sneaking

When you’re hidden, there’ll be brackets around the word “hidden” on your screen. The closer those brackets get to the word, the closer you are to being detected.


Be Stealthy

Even if you didn’t build your character for stealth, you can still use stealth to your advantage. For instance: if you ever see an enemy that hasn’t noticed you yet, crouch down before shooting them. Not only will this steady your aim on certain weapons, you’ll also gain a sneak attack bonus critical, regardless of what you specced for.


Snipe In Real Time.

Take your first stealthy shot in real time, too, not VATs. Your real-time accuracy will likely be better, particularly when sniping, than VATS. Save VATS for actual combat.


Use Your Critical Attacks

In VATS, your hits will slowly charge up your critical meter. It’s very easy to forget you have that, but if you’re fighting an enemy and need them to take a ton of damage right effing now, trigger your critical before your shot lands.


Use Your Environment

If you see rainbow-colored liquid on the ground, that’s probably gasoline. You can shoot it and the room will burst into flames. If you see fire extinguishers, you can shoot them and they will explode. And finally, if you specced for hacking, always be on the lookout for terminals. They usually let you turn off turrets, or turn on Protectrons.


Use Cover

You can aim from around cover in first-person. Walk up to a corner or other piece of cover and try aiming—your character should pop around the cover and aim at what’s beyond it.


Look Up (And Down)

Fallout 4’s environments have a lot of verticality. If you can’t tell where the shots are coming from, look up—there might be an enemy on the roof, or on the next floor. Sometimes, the enemy might even be underneath you.


Don’t Start Firefights Near Cars

Cars that take damage will eventually explode. Definitely don’t take cover behind cars, or stand near them in the middle of a battle. Cars in Fallout were powered by mini nuclear bombs, so you don’t want to be nearby when one explodes.


Beware of Radiation


Radiation eats up your health, so you’ll want to avoid it. Make sure to keep a stockpile of Radaway, and don’t eat random food from the wasteland unless you absolutely have to. Every so often, the Commonwealth will be hit with radiation storms that can pile on radiation damage, too. You’ll want to go indoors for those, or better yet, keep a radiation-resistant outfit (like a Hazmat suit) or a gas mask at the ready for when these hit. These items will protect you. If you’re exploring and wind up in a radiation storm, you can always just fast-travel away, too.

Take A Swim

There’s a lot of water in Fallout 4. Some of it covers areas of interest, like special locations of stashes of items. Provided you’re equipped to deal with radiation, don’t be afraid to dip into the water and see what it stores. Just know that while Power Armor shields you from radiation, it also makes you sink to the bottom of any water sources, which can make navigating a pain in the ass.


Take A Snooze

Sleeping not only heals you, it gives you a short 10% experience bonus. Worth doing every once in a while, even if you’re fully healed.


Listen To The Game’s Built-In Soundtrack

Yes, the radio is great. But the game’s original soundtrack is fantastic, and can especially set the mood in more desolate/creepier areas.


Use Outfits To Your Advantage


Outfits aren’t just about high damage resistance. Clothes can be useful in other situations, especially if they boot your SPECIAL up. It’s worth keeping outfits that boost your bartering and speech skills, and to swap into those threads before doing those activities. Most of the time, said outfits don’t weigh much, either, so you can carry them around with you.

Listen to NPCs

When you get to a new area—even hostile areas like raider bases—stop and listen to the NPC chatter. Sometimes, it’s funny. Sometimes, you’ll learn about new locations, or be given quests. And sometimes they just react to stuff you’ve done around the world.


Revisit Dungeons

Many of Fallout 4’s locales actually respawn enemies after a few days of in-game time have passed. If you want to farm legendaries, or just want to grind some XP, you can always go back to a raider-infested locale and experience it once more. A good way to know if a place has respawned its enemies is to hover over its icon on the Pip-Boy’s map. If it doesn’t say “CLEARED,” it’s fair game.


Try The Different Factions Out

There are four factions in Fallout 4: the Minutemen, the Institute, the Brotherhood, and the Railroad. While eventually you’ll have to pick a side, feel free to do the introductory quests for all of these factions first. You’ll get a taste of what they stand for, which is helpful. Personally, I’d go through each route far enough that they give you their faction-specific bonus, then I’d try another one. And you can always just betray whatever faction you’re with if you’re not feeling it.


But Don’t Do The Boring Faction Missions

There are three types of missions you can get with factions: there are ones that further the storyline, side-quests, and radiant quests. You should do the first two. The last kind, though, are the worst types of missions in Fallout 4. You’ll know them when you see them—if your faction is asking you to take control of a settlement, or to clear out a dungeon JUST BECAUSE, then it’s probably a radiant quest. These are practically endless and not very interesting, so unless you’re just interested in dungeon-crawling, I’d leave them alone.


Use The Vertiberd

Of particular interest is the Brotherhood’s Vertiberd perk. It’s an aircraft that can transport you anywhere you want, which is useful for whenever your character is overburdened. Oh, and that onboard mini-gun is pretty cool, too.


Listen To New Radio Signals

If you suddenly find a new radio signal while traveling (like a distress signal for example), tune in. These broadcasts are usually side-quests or things of interest.


Look Out For Skeletons


Some of the best storytelling in Fallout 4 is told entirely through skeletons!

Talk To Shopkeepers

Always remember to shoot the shit. Many vendors actually have sidequests for you, but you have to ask for them first.


Steal

Why not? Some of the best gear in the game can be stolen from right under the noses of your favorite shops, if you’re careful enough. Trust me, that Gauss Rifle hiding behind the Brotherhood of Steel armory is worth the risk.


Synths Are Closer Than You Realize

Not to make you paranoid or anything...but your settlers can and will be replaced by synths from time to time. These doppelgangers will turn on your settlement, after which you’ll find synth parts on their body—revealing the betrayal. Yeah: this game is wild.


Mod Your Game

Want Paladin Danse to look like Buzz Lightyear? Want to see what your dialogue options are in full? Want to make Fallout 4 look hot as hell? If you’re on PC, good news: you can alter your game however you’d like. Make sure to drop by the Nexus hub for Fallout 4, and search for whatever you’re interested in. No matter how niche or strange your desire, there’s probably a good mod for you there.


When All Else Fails, Cheat

You may not want to deal with Fallout 4’s difficulty. Maybe you’re just here to have some fun. I don’t judge, man. If this describes you, know that Fallout 4 has an item duplication glitch that be used to give yourself max SPECIAL points, too. Here’s YouTuber Genie, walking you through the process:

Other assorted tips