China says it plans to close down its domestic ivory trade by the end of 2017, shutting the door to the world's biggest end-market for poached ivory.

Key points: Complete ban would be enforced by December 31, 2017, state council says

Complete ban would be enforced by December 31, 2017, state council says "This is a game changer for Africa's elephants," Asia director for the Wildlife Conservation Society says

"This is a game changer for Africa's elephants," Asia director for the Wildlife Conservation Society says People with ivory products previously obtained through legal means can apply for certification

The State Council said in a notice that the complete ban would be enforced by December 31, 2017.

A first batch of factories and shops will need to close and hand in their licences by March 31, 2017.

Conservation groups applauded the ban, with WildAid's wildlife campaigner Alex Hofford calling it "the biggest and best conservation news of 2016".

Environmentalists said poached ivory could be disguised as legal as long as trade was allowed in licensed outlets on the high street and online.

"This is a game changer for Africa's elephants," said Asia director for the Wildlife Conservation Society, Aili Kang.

Poaching is a major factor contributing to the rapid decline in the numbers of African elephants, with about 20,000 slaughtered every year, according to the WWF.

It says about 415,000 African elephants remain today, compared with the 3 to 5 million in the early 20th century.

The animal is officially listed as a vulnerable species. Forest elephants, which are more difficult to count, are also under severe threat.

World largest domestic ivory markets are being 'phased out'

People with ivory products previously obtained through legal means can apply for certification and continue to display them in exhibitions and museums, the Government announcement said.

The auction of legally obtained ivory antiques, under "strict supervision", will also be allowed after obtaining authorisation.

The Government will also crack down on law enforcement and boost education, it added.

WWF Hong Kong's senior wildlife crime officer Cheryl Lo said the bold timeline "shows determination to help save Africa's elephants from extinction".

"A ban clearly requires strong enforcement and support from the Government to be most effective," Ms Lo said in a statement.

"But together with China's announcement, now … three of the world's largest domestic ivory markets, that is China, Hong Kong and the US, are being phased out."

The United States enacted a near-total ban on commercial trade in ivory from African elephants in June.

Kenya has also led the opposition to ivory sales after decades of poaching.

Kenya destroyed more than 100 tonnes of elephant tusks in April. ( ABC News: Martin Cuddihy )

In a giant bonfire in April, the tusks of 6,000 elephants —100 tonnes of ivory — were set ablaze in a deliberate act to shock the world into stopping the slaughter of elephants.

Campaigners are urging the Hong Kong Government to speed up its plan of phasing out the local ivory trade by the end of 2021.

The former British colony — now Chinese-ruled but governed by different laws under a "one country, two systems" arrangement — allows trade of "pre-convention ivory", or ivory products acquired before 1975.

The financial centre also remains an important transit and consumption hub for illegal ivory to China and the rest of Asia.

Chinese ivory traders have also tried to pre-empt the move, Mr Hofford said, with some carvers setting up shops in Laos and Myanmar and other traders moving their products "offshore" to places such as Hong Kong.

ABC/wires