Courses and distances of the 29th of April [5] Miles N. 45° W. to a point of woodland on Lard. side opposite to a high

bluff on Stard.

3 West to a point of woodland Stard. opposite to a bluff 2 N. 80 W. along the Stard. point opposite a high sharp bluff 1 ½ N. 45 W to a point of woodland Lard. opposite to a bluff 2 N. 55 W. to a point of woodland Lard. opposite to a bluff 3 N. 65 W. to a bluff point on Stard. side 1 ¼ S. 30 W. to the upper point of the high timber on the Lard. side in

a bend of the river

3 S. 85 W. to a point of woodland on Stard. opposite a bluff 1 ¼ N. 55 W. to a commencement of a bluff on Stard. Side, passing a

sand point at 2½ miles on Lard. side 3 ½ S. 75 W. to a point of woodland on Lard. passing the poit. of a

sandbard on Stard., the river making a deep bend to the

South



1 ½ S. 75 W.

where we encamped for the night. this stream we call

[blank] to the entrance of a Marthys [6] river in a bend on Stard.where we encamped for the night. this stream we call[blank]



3 25

Set out this morning at the usual hour; the wind was moderate; I walked on shore with one man. [1] about 8 A. M. we fell in with two brown or 〈yellow〉 [X: White] bear; both of which we wounded; one of them made his escape, the other after my firing on him pursued me seventy or eighty yards, but fortunately had been so badly wounded that he was unable to pursue so closely as to prevent my charging my gun; we again repeated our fir and killed him. [2] it was a male not fully grown, we estimated his weight at 300 lbs, not having the means of ascertaining it precisely. The legs of this bear are somewhat longer than those of the black, as are it's tallons and tusks incomparably larger and longer. the testicles, which in the black bear are placed pretty well back between the thyes and contained in one pouch like those of the dog and most quadrupeds, are in the yellow or brown bear placed much further forward, and are suspended in seperate pouches from two to four inches asunder; it's colour is yellowish brown, the eyes small, black, and piercing; the front of the fore legs near the feet is usually black; the fur is finer thicker and deeper than that of the black bear. these are all the particulars in which this anamal appeared to me to differ from the black bear; it is a much more furious and formidable anamal, and will frequently pursue the hunter when wounded. it is asstonishing to see the wounds they will bear before they can be put to death. the Indians may well fear this anamal equiped as they generally are with their bows and arrows or indifferent fuzees, but in the hands of skillfull riflemen they are by no means as formidable or dangerous as they have been represented. game is still very abundant we can scarcely cast our eyes in any direction without percieving deer Elk Buffaloe or Antelopes. The quantity of wolves appear to increase in the same proportion; they generally hunt in parties of six eight or ten; they kill a great number of the Antelopes at this season; the Antelopes are yet meagre and the females are big with young; the wolves take them most generally in attempting to swim the river; in this manner my dog caught one drowned it and brought it on shore; they are but clumsey swimers, tho' on land when in good order, they are extreemly fleet and dureable. we have frequently seen the wolves in pursuit of the Antelope in the plains; they appear to decoy a single one from a flock, and then pursue it, alturnately relieving each other untill they take it. on joining Capt Clark he informed me that he had seen a female and faun of the big-horned anamal; that they ran for some distance with great aparent ease along the side of the river bluff where it was almost perpendicular; two of the party fired on them while in motion without effect. we took the flesh of the bear on board and proceeded. Capt. Clark walked on shore this evening, killed a deer, and saw several of the bighorned anamals. there is more appearance of coal today than we have yet seen, the stratas are 6 feet thick in some instances; the earth has been birnt in many places, and always appears in stratas on the same level with the stratas of coal. [3] we came too this evening in the mouth of a little river, which falls in on the Stard. side. This stream is about 50 yards wide from bank to bank; the water occupyes about 15 yards. the banks are of earth only, abrupt, tho' not high— the bed, is of mud principally. Capt Clark , who was up this streeam about three miles, informed me that it continued about the same width, that it's current was gentle and it appeared navigable for perogus it meanders through an extensive, fertile, and beautifull vally as far as could bee seen about N. 30° W. there was but one solitary tree to be seen on the banks of this river after it left the bottom of the Missouri . the water of this river is clear, with a brownish yelow tint. here the highlands receede from the Missouri , leaving the vally formed by the river from seven to eight miles wide, and reather lower then usual.— This stream my friend Capt. C. named Marthas river [4] 〈in honor of Miss M F—〉