Acne vulgaris is a common disease associated with a modern lifestyle, which has long been postulated to feature a gastrointestinal mechanism, dating back 80 years. However, the exact nature of the gut microbiota dysfunction underlying the disease remains elusive. This study was designed to investigate whether the gut microbiota was altered in patients with acne vulgaris, compared to that of age and gender mathced healthy controls. Fecal bacterial diversity was analyzed in 60 populations, including 30 patients with acne vulgaris, by sequencing 16S rDNA. Our study showed distinct differences in microbial diversity between acne vulgaris patients and healthy controls(Chao 1 diversity index,P=0.03; observed species diversity index,P=0.04). Within the phylum Actinobacteria, the generna Collinsella was more abundant in patients group. Among Bacteroidetes, Parabacteroides and Alistipes genera showed less abundant in patients compared to healthy controls. Certain Firmicutes genera such as Streptococcus, Clostridium XI, Clostridium XVIII were enriched in acne vulgaris people, whereas Oscillibacter and Ruminococcus belong to family Ruminococcaceae were lower abundant. Among Proteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Oxalobacteraceae, Bilophila were more abundant in control group, but Escherichia/Shigella were enriched in patients group. Using the relative abundance of these differential abundant taxa, we could separate the patient microbiota from the control microbiota. This study showed lower abundance of Bacteroidetes and higher abundance of Firmicutes in patients with acne vulgaris, which change has been found in patients with obesity and was associated with western diet in previous studies. It indicated the possible role of gut microbiome in the onset of this disease through modulating moderating glucolipid metabolism. The further study is needed to better understand their role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease.