By (Bloomberg)

In Manila’s main financial district and its fringes, signs of the new inhabitants are everywhere: the restaurants serving steaming Chinese hotpots and dumplings, the Mandarin broadcasts at the Mall of Asia, and the soaring property prices.

An estimated 100,000 migrants, mostly Chinese, have flooded into pockets of the Philippines capital since September 2016, and the deluge is rippling through the city’s real estate market in ways that are unique among the world’s urban centers. While Chinese investors have been snapping up big swathes of high-end housing in Hong Kong, London and New York for years to move their money offshore, this new rush is motivated by something different: Manila’s booming gaming industry.

More than 50 offshore gambling companies that cater to overseas Chinese punters have received permits to operate in the city since President Rodrigo Duterte’s government began awarding licenses 19 months ago. While bets are placed remotely, the operators need Chinese speakers in Manila to handle everything from marketing and customer queries to payment processing for overseas clients.

The resulting migration, while only a fraction of the metropolitan area’s 12.9 million population, is propelling home prices to record levels in neighborhoods favored by Chinese workers. It’s reinvigorating Manila’s commercial property market as owners convert offices and shops into gaming centers with card tables and webcams. And it’s boosting the bottom lines of local developers including Ayala Land Inc. and SM Prime Holdings Inc.

While no official numbers are publicly available showing the number of Chinese arrivals in Manila, people familiar with the matter said that offshore gaming operators in the Philippines employ about 200,000 workers, predominantly Chinese, and more than half of them have arrived in the capital region since late 2016. The Bureau of Immigration said it couldn’t immediately provide the data.

The influx promises to boost the nation’s economy and is helping to strengthen ties with China – a priority for Duterte. Yet it leaves the property market vulnerable in the event of an abrupt shift in online gaming or immigration policies from either country.

The perils of relying too heavily on Chinese buyers became painfully obvious last year in the Malaysian enclave of Johor Bahru, which has been grappling with a glut of vacant homes after China imposed controls on investments in overseas property and demand abruptly dried up.

“Concentration risk could be a potential concern,” said Emilio Neri, an economist at the Bank of the Philippine Islands in Manila.

Others see only opportunities. Qiang Huang, a realtor based in the Chinese city of Hefei, expects Manila home prices to get a boost from the steady stream of Chinese workers catering not only to offshore gaming customers, but also mainland clients who frequent brick-and-mortar casinos.

A high-rolling gamer himself, Huang first visited the area in November to place bets at Bloomberry Resorts Corp.’s Solaire casino and realized that Manila could scratch more than his gambling itch. He’s planning to build a 500-square-meter showroom in the city to lure Chinese real estate investors and will soon sign contracts to market apartments at two projects.

“I chose an area with a booming gambling business, as properties there have the largest potential to appreciate,” Huang said, adding that he has run into Chinese tourists who have formed “property-shopping” groups.

Among the biggest beneficiaries of this appetite have been condo units near Manila’s Makati district, in close proximity to the gaming sites where mainland workers are employed. Patches of San Antonio Village, about one kilometer from Makati’s financial hub, now have restaurants, stores, money changers and payment centers catering to Chinese customers sharing space with local stores.

In the Bay Area adjacent to Makati, home prices surged by a record 27 percent in the last three months of 2017, according to data from Santos Knight Frank Inc., dwarfing the 6 percent overall gain in residential prices in the metropolitan Manila area. Condo sales in the capital region rose to an all-time high of 52,600 units in 2017.

Appetite from gaming operators is also supporting the commercial market as demand from traditional outsourcing companies wanes. The share of take-up of new office space by outsourcing companies decreased by a third to 46 percent in 2017, while that of offshore gaming operators tripled to 30 percent, said David Leechiu, CEO at Leechiu Property Consultants, which has partnered with CBRE Group Inc. in the Philippines.

“If not for offshore gaming operators, the property market would have crashed last year,” Leechiu said.

A typical online gaming operation consists of dealing studios and a call center-like facility that serves offshore customers. A studio that Bloomberg News recently toured in Makati City spanned roughly 400 square meters, with tables for games such as baccarat, Dragon Tiger and Fantan. Dealers – mostly young Filipino women wearing snug halter-neck dresses – staffed each table.