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Photographer: Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images Photographer: Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images

Some are barely old enough to walk and talk, much less understand the stock market. But thanks to South Korea’s tax laws, a growing number of children as young as 1 are sitting on shareholdings collectively worth millions of dollars.

These rich kids are increasingly appearing on stockholder registries as the aging tycoons who fueled Korea’s postwar industrialization shift their stakes to descendants to avoid inheritance taxes that can reach 50%, the second-highest rate among OECD countries. By gifting shares now instead of passing them on at death, wealthy Korean families can legally cut their tax bills.

While similar tax-minimization strategies are common around the world, gifted shares in other countries are often managed through trusts until children reach adulthood. In Korea, where trusts offer few tax advantages and some tycoons are wary of relying on trustees from outside the family, the preference is to gift shares directly.

The result is a more transparent view of how the country’s corporate elite are passing on their wealth to younger generations. At the 59 Korean business groups with assets exceeding 5 trillion won ($4.31 billion), at least 19 children under 18 are listed as owners of shares, according to company filings compiled by Bloomberg. Their combined value: about $29 million.

Company Child’s age Stake value ($) GS Holdings Corp. 15 19,959,636 LS Corp. 14 1,913,267 LS Corp. 16 1,547,807 LS Corp. 15 1,547,807 LS Corp. 9 554,754 KCC Corp. 12 526,974 KCC Corp. 8 526,974 Doosan Co. 13 396,438 Hyosung Corp. 16 330,984 Hyosung Corp. 13 330,984 Doosan Co. 16 116,522 Doosan Co. 16 116,457 SeAH Holdings Corp. 5 105,697 Source: Company filings Note: Table includes only children whose stakes are worth more than $100,000. The 59 largest business groups are from a list compiled by the Fair Trade Commission in May. Closely held groups are excluded.

The biggest stake, worth about $20 million, is held by a 15-year-old great-grandson of Huh Man-jung, the founder of refinery-to-retail conglomerate GS Holdings Corp. At Hansae Yes24 Holdings Co., a Seoul-based apparel maker, four kids between 1 and 5 years old have combined holdings of about $1.3 million. Gifts to minors in Korea exceeded 1 trillion won for the first time in 2017, up 56% from 2013, a ruling party lawmaker said in September, citing data he received from the National Tax Service.

Some have seized on the disclosures to argue that Korea isn’t doing enough to combat income inequality. “It takes away hope for other youngsters,” said Park Ju-gun, president of corporate research firm CEOScore. “Whatever efforts they make, they can’t beat kids born rich.”

Still, there’s little sign that the government is in the mood to clamp down on dynastic wealth. A proposed revision to the tax code this year will, if passed, cut the rate of an additional inheritance levy on controlling stakes of companies.