We thank M. Mayo and A. Pruijssers for regulatory and human subjects support; G. Sapparapu and O. Koues for technical help; Y. Umareddy for assistance with R; S. B. Day for assistance with artwork; scientists at the VANTAGE core of Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Adaptive Biotechnologies, the Genomic Services Laboratory at the Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, and D. Zhang and team at Abhelix; New England BioLabs for early access to pre-release Abseq reagents; K. Trochez and J. Janssen of the Clinical Trials Center at VUMC and staff and physicians of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center leukapheresis clinic for assistance with large-scale human cell collections; and S. Mallal and M. Pilkinton (Vanderbilt), R. Scheuermann (JCVI), and W. Koff, T. Schenkelberg and the Advisory Board of the Human Vaccines Project for helpful discussions. This work was conducted in part using the resources of the Advanced Computing Center for Research and Education (ACCRE) at Vanderbilt University and the San Diego Supercomputer Center at the University of California, San Diego. We acknowledge the use of cord blood cells procured by the National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI) with support from NIH grant U42 OD11158. This work was supported by a grant from the Human Vaccines Project, and institutional funding from Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

Reviewer information

Nature thanks R. Arnaout, F. Breden, A. McHardy and the other anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.