As of the writing of this article Saturday evening, the post has collected 607 comments (across 385 distinct users) and a score of 531, tallied from 734 upvotes and 203 downvotes (so, 937 voting individuals in total). The hyperactivity around breaking news is evident in the case of the Los Angeles earthquake.

As far as comments in the earthquake thread, the majority of the comments (based on me reading through each one as they were sent to my inbox) were individuals checking in to confirm they had also felt the quake in their neighborhood. Some, of course, were replies to discussion, as well as jokes: the highest-voted comment was an animated GIF of a local news anchor that became popular during the previous earthquake:

KTLA anchor Chris Schauble’s on-air reaction to the earthquake on March 17, 2014.

We might want to understand what kind of users are responding to breaking news. Are they newbies or veterans? Is commenting about an earthquake related to how much they contribute to the subreddit?

Number of user accounts per age of each account that commented in my earthquake post to /r/LosAngeles. (385 users)

Ratio of each user’s /r/LA contributions to total contributions. X-axis is post ratio, Y-axis is comment ratio. (385 users)

In the first chart, we can see that many of the users are “mid-tier,” in that many have been around for between 1-3 years, with some newbies and some veterans. Also, in the second graph, we see that many users tend to contribute across a range of subreddits rather than post and comment primarily to /r/LosAngeles. We might expect that users who are engaged by breaking news might participate because of their dedication to participating in a particular community, but the second graph shows few users contributing more than 25% of their posts or comments to this one subreddit.

So what activates a user to post about breaking news? Based on intuition in this case, it seems more likely that individuals might have come to the subreddit because of the connection to their locality. We can hypothesize: in fact, for 17.4% of users that commented, this was their first time posting at all in /r/LosAngeles! The earthquake might have actually encouraged them to engage with the local subreddit rather than prior participation in the subreddit drawing them to post about the earthquake.

What I’ve detailed above focuses entirely on the trace activity of people that contributed to the subreddit. Viewership is an entirely different matter.

Viewing the News

We can ask similar questions about how people use reddit as a space for consuming news as much as producing it. In our /r/sandy paper, we were lucky enough to get statistics on estimated viewers visiting the subreddit. I asked the /r/LosAngeles moderators to provide internal statistics about viewership during the earthquake. The impact of reddit as a place to find breaking news is quite obvious:

Pageviews per hour to the /r/LosAngeles subreddit. The spike occurs just after the earthquake. (Note: the Y-axis should have 2.5k and 3.5k but these are screenshots from the moderator panel.)

Unique visitors per hour to the /r/LosAngeles subreddit. We see a similar spike compared to the above graph, but this chart suggests that the pageviews above are not only generated by a small subset of highly active users. (Note: the Y-axis should have 2.5k and 3.5k but these are screenshots from the moderator panel.)

These graphs suggest that /r/LosAngeles was used as a channel for breaking news, and it is difficult to argue this fluctuation wasn’t related to the earthquake, based on the trends in the temporal data above. Compared to other graphs unpublished here, there was a similarly-sized spike a few weeks ago during the other earthquake. One question that emerges is: Do users drawn in by the quake stick around? It’s unclear for the moment (and the subscription statistics I have for the subreddit did not aggregate in time for the writing of this article).

There is, too, a need for further research to highlight the exact motivations for why someone would use reddit.com versus another channel. My initial assumptions point to reddit increasingly taking on the role of mainstream media, just like television news — a crucial factor in how social scientists continue to think about the role that social media platforms play in impacting individuals’ perceptions of the world.

Next, we move on to a crucial factor in breaking news: how moderators structure who can say what through their powers of editorialization.

Moderating the News

One of the other critical debates that we outline in the Hurricane Sandy paper revolves around the issue of moderation. Moderators exist to guide each subreddit community to a certain ideal of proper contribution, voting, and discussion behaviors. Some moderators do this well, though there are a number of significant cases in reddit’s history where moderators failed quite spectacularly. One of the limitations in our paper is that we just didn’t get information about what posts were deleted from /r/sandy during its active lifespan.

In the case of the earthquake, I asked /r/LA moderators about this exact issue, and I received deletion logs from the past day. In chronological order, these are the posts that were deleted within the span of the first hour after the quake hit:

Earthquake

HOLY SHIT! Earthquake!!!

Big quake just now in SGV

Earthquake!

EEEEEEARTHQUAKE!

Holy shit, big earthquake felt in Ktown

Earthquake in glendale

Earthquake just now?

Earthquake!

Another Earthquake?

Am I Too Drunk Or Was That Another Earthquake??

Earthquake rollers…right now. Venice.

Holy crap! That was a long earthquake.

Sorry guys I just farted.

I wonder if there was an earthquake recently.

That actually wasn’t an earthquake…

Earthquake! (LA Basin)

Did you feel that?!

Anyone feel that one?

God is punishing LA for its immoral ways!

Omg tremor bros

5.3 Earthquake in La Habra!! OH CRAP!!!

STUPID EARTHQUAKE MADE ME DROP BY ICE CREAM

Dude. did you just feel that?

What the hell! Another quake?

OMG Earthquake! 9:15pm PST

That moment we have a long earthquake.

What was I thinking of during the 5.4 shaker

5.3 earthquake hits in southeast Los Angeles count…

Really, guys? Come on..

Earthquake victim

Guys! Guys! Its okay. It’s not an earthquake. Its …

OK!!! WE HAD AN EARTHQUAKE…RELAX…

I spoke with one of the subreddit moderators about the team’s decision-making process in retaining or deleting particular posts. I also asked about my own post, which I noticed in the first few minutes had been removed from the subreddit and then reinstated. He wrote back:

we decided to just keep the most recent/active ones. since there [were] three that were just different enough to warrant their own discussions

We saw similar thinking from the /r/sandy moderation team around fostering appropriate content but especially dealing with the rapid influx of repetitive content throughout the course of the event (again, see the paper for more details). One issue that didn’t come up in our 2-minute conversation was the issue of moderating humor. Including or excluding jokes led to a big debate within /r/sandy, but I did not get a sense of how that factored into deletions in this instance.

For additional context, these are the posts that were posted within the first hour and that were allowed to remain in the subreddit:

that was a small shaker, felt it in the SGV

Did anyone just feel that? (San Gabriel Canyon/Azusa/Glendora)

Earthquake in DTLA! [my post]

Did you feel it? Where are you located?

I know there was one 20 minutes ago, but did anyone else just feel the aftershock?

OK. I’m new in town. Should I be worried about these earthquakes? And what do I do to not die?

Info on the recent earthquake. Rate your experience for science!

There were 22 other posts related to earthquakes posted up until Saturday afternoon, ranging from news and question asking to jokes and other minutiae, including another notification post related to a second earthquake (that hit Saturday afternoon) that also gained hundreds of comments and votes.

Reddit’s Role in/as the Future of News Infrastructure

With the development of the “liveupdate” category of posting, reddit the company is pushing the platform into a new role, one where its millions of participants and readers depend on it as news infrastructure. Reddit the platform still has many limitations to overcome for breaking news: most notably, there is a threshold for how quickly a breaking news post can make it to the default front page, as it needs to gain traction through many votes to reach the proper level of visibility via reddit’s algorithms. In other words, the process of voting slows down seeing the news. So reddit ends up being much slower to present the breaking news topic than, say, Twitter, where breaking news can appear directly in tweets (and later an additional layer of visibility emerges as keywords and hashtags hit the Trending Topics list).

To conclude, one issue remains unstable: accountability. By this I mean two things: that the platform and its community can become responsible, and that the platform and its community can become understandable. Nick Diakopoulos has written a lot on algorithmic accountability and how we need to understand computational systems technical and social architecture in order to understand their biases. Reddit limits the amount of accountability we can bring to its platform: investigations remain difficult if you wish to look at who votes for what, aggregated voting scores over periods of time, archives of viewership patterns, and records of moderators’ actions. The future of news on reddit may rely as much on new technical architectures for participation as additional granular data for understanding the impact of the platform on society (and vice versa).