We can classify it into two groups: End devices and gateways. End devices or nodes are often lot smaller in capability as compared to gateways. As more and more processing is pushed to the network edges (to gateways and nodes), traditional devices that used to run without an OS are embracing new OS implementations customized for IoT. While IoT OS are an evolution of embedded OS, IoT brings its own additional set of constraints that need to be addressed. A mix of open source and closed source IoT OS available in the market. Since IoT is varied in terms of applications, hardware and connectivity.

Some Embedded/IoT Operating Systems are available here.

IoT Operating Systems

TinyOS is an embedded, component-based operating system and platform for low-power wireless devices, such as those used in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), smartdust, ubiquitous computing, personal area networks, building automation, and smart meters. It is written in the programming language nesC, as a set of cooperating tasks and processes. It began as a collaboration between the University of California, Berkeley, Intel Research, and Crossbow Technology, was released as free and open-source software under a BSD license, and has since grown into an international consortium, the TinyOS Alliance.

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RIOT powers the Internet of Things like Linux powers the Internet. RIOT is a free, open source operating system developed by a grassroots community gathering companies, academia, and hobbyists, distributed all around the world.

RIOT supports most low-power IoT devices and microcontroller architectures (32-bit, 16-bit, 8-bit). RIOT aims to implement all relevant open standards supporting an Internet of Things that is connected, secure, durable & privacy-friendly.

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Contiki is an open source operating system for the Internet of Things. Contiki connects tiny low-cost, low-power microcontrollers to the Internet. Contiki is a powerful toolbox for building complex wireless systems.

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Mongoose OS is an Internet of Things Firmware Development Framework available under Apache License Version 2.0. It supports low power, connected microcontrollers such as: ESP32, ESP8266, TI CC3200, STM32. Its purpose is to be a complete environment for prototyping, development and managing connected devices.

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ATIS Open Source – Internet of Things (OS-IoT) is an open source software library that simplifies the development of IoT devices that connect to an open, interoperable ecosystem.

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The Zephyr Project, a Linux Foundation hosted Collaboration Project, is an open source collaborative effort uniting leaders from across the industry to build a best-in-breed small, scalable, real-time operating system (RTOS) optimized for resource-constrained devices, across multiple architectures.

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Arm Mbed OS is a free, open-source embedded operating system designed specifically for the “things” in the Internet of Things. It includes all the features you need to develop a connected product based on an Arm Cortex-M microcontroller, including security, connectivity, an RTOS, and drivers for sensors and I/O devices.

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NuttX is a real-time operating system (RTOS) with an emphasis on standards compliance and small footprint. Scalable from 8-bit to 32-bit microcontroller environments, the primary governing standards in NuttX are Posix and ANSI standards.

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Nucleus RTOS is a real-time operating system (RTOS) offered by the Embedded Software Division of Mentor Graphics, a Siemens Business, supporting 32 and 64 bit embedded platforms. The Nucleus RTOS is designed for real-time embedded systems for use in medical, industrial, consumer, aerospace, and IoT applications.

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