Zimbabwe's president is blaming opposition supporters for the violence in the capital that began with protests over Monday's election results and ended with the military sweeping in with gunfire. At least three people are dead.

President Emmerson Mnangagwa in a statement carried by state media says the opposition under Nelson Chamisa is responsible for the chaos "meant to disrupt the electoral process."

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Police have invoked a strict security act that forbids public gatherings.

The opposition Movement for Democratic Change has told reporters that Chamisa is "shocked" by the events in Harare. A spokesperson says that "we are seriously meant to wonder that this means. Are we at war?"

The opposition says it condemns violence in all its forms.

Supporters of the ruling ZANU-PF party of President Emmerson Mnangagwa celebrate Tuesday. (Philimon Bulawayo/Reuters)

Both the opposition and Western election observers have urged that presidential election results be released as soon as possible. Zimbabwe's electoral commission says "sometime tomorrow" it will say when those will be released.

Opposition supporters had marched to and from the gates of a compound where the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission had been announcing results. Police padlocked the main gate.

The opposition alleges the vote was rigged.

Riot police patrolling outside the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission offices later clashed with demonstrators. (Mujahid Safodien/Associated Press)

Chamisa, 40, and Mnangagwa, 75, were the main contenders in Monday's vote, the first since Robert Mugabe was forced to resign after a de facto coup in November after nearly 40 years in power.

The Zimbabwe Electoral Commission's results showed Mnangagwa's ZANU-PF cruising to a big majority after picking up 109 seats against 41 for the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC).

Another 58 seats are yet to be declared. Results of the presidential poll are expected by Saturday.

'Suspicions, tensions and volatility'

On his official Twitter feed, Chamisa accused the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission of releasing the parliamentary results first to prepare Zimbabweans for a Mnangagwa victory.

"The strategy is meant to prepare Zimbabwe mentally to accept fake presidential results. We've more votes than ED [Emmerson Dambudzo]. We won the popular vote [and] will defend it," Chamisa said.

Western and other election observers gave their first assessments of Monday's peaceful election and whether it was free and fair.

Mnangagwa leaves the polling station after casting his vote at the Sherwood Primary School in Kwekwe. Once Mugabe's deputy, Mnangagwa positioned himself as a candidate for change. (Jerome Delay/Associated Press)

The U.S. observer mission says delays in releasing the result of the presidential vote are causing "suspicions, tensions and volatility."

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former Liberian president and head of the observer mission of the International Republican Institute and the National Democratic Institute, warned "the more the presidential vote is delayed, the more it calls into question the population's confidence in the election process."

She said "the presidential results should be announced as quickly as possible to bring confidence in the elections back to the people."

The Zimbabwe Electoral Commission has five days from Monday's election to release them.

Zimbabwe's main opposition leader, Nelson Chamisa, casts his vote at a polling station in Harare on Monday. His party alleges that the election was rigged. (Tsvangirayi Mukwazhi/Associated Press)

The U.S. observer says the commission should take immediate steps to publish a spreadsheet of the voting results that can be scrutinized by the public. The mission also criticizes the "extreme bias of the state media" and the layout of the presidential ballot, which put Mnangagwa at the top right-hand corner.

The Southern African Development Community called the elections "a political watershed in Zimbabwe's history," but with some shortcomings, urging anyone with grievances to refrain from violence.

Zimbabwe was once one of Africa's most promising economies but under Mugabe's rule became tainted by corruption, mismanagement and diplomatic isolation. Its population of 13 million is struggling amid shortages of foreign currency, unemployment above 80 per cent and lack of foreign investment.

In the capital Harare many people went about their usual daily grind, including queuing up for scarce cash outside banks.

MDC wins most urban centres

The House of Assembly of Parliament has 210 seats and ZANU-PF would need to win 30 more to have a two-thirds majority that would allow it to change the constitution at will.

Voters in Zimbabwe traditionally pick a presidential candidate based on their party affiliation and the trend in the parliamentary election was expected to continue when results for the president are announced this week.

Chamisa's MDC won in most urban centres, where it enjoys majority support.

One independent candidate and a member from a party linked to Mugabe also won one seat each.

Angry opposition supporters gather outside the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission offices in Harare on Wednesday. The opposition disputes the election results that have been revealed so far. (Mujahid Safodien/Associated Press)

On Tuesday Former Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) finance minister Tendai Biti and ZESN, the main domestic election monitor, said one in five polling stations — more than 2,000 in all — had not physically posted tallies on their doors, as required by law.

That omission gave room for the ZEC, which ZESN and the opposition have accused of bias, to manipulate the results in favour of Mnangagwa and the ruling ZANU-PF party, Biti said.

Even though the election passed off peacefully, several water cannon trucks patrolled outside the central Harare headquarters of the MDC as its red-shirted supporters danced in the streets.