(Reuters) - U.S. President Donald Trump signed the largest federal stimulus package in history into law on March 27 to help cope with the economic downturn inflicted by the coronavirus pandemic and shore up medical providers on the front lines of the outbreak.

Here are major elements of the plan, which is estimated to cost roughly $2.3 trillion. Cost estimates are provided by congressional committees and the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, a nonpartisan policy group.

DIRECT PAYMENTS TO AMERICANS

Direct payments of up to $1,200 each to millions of Americans, with additional payments of $500 per child. Payments would be phased out for those earning more than $75,000 a year. Those earning more than $99,000 would not be eligible.

Estimated cost: $292 billion

ENHANCED UNEMPLOYMENT AID

Payments for jobless workers would increase by $600 per week. Laid-off workers would get those payments for up to four months. Regular benefits, which typically run out after six months in most states, would be extended for an additional 13 weeks.

Self-employed workers, independent contractors and those who typically don’t qualify for unemployment benefits would be eligible. The government would also partially make up wages for workers whose hours are scaled back, in an effort to encourage employers to avoid layoffs.

Estimated cost: $260 billion

SMALL BUSINESS LOANS AND GRANTS

Loans for businesses that have fewer than 500 employees could be partially forgiven if they are used for employee salaries, rent, mortgage interest and utility costs. The bill also includes emergency grants for small business.

Estimated cost: $377 billion.

AID TO AIRLINES, LARGE BUSINESSES

The bill sets up a fund to support a new Federal Reserve program that offers up to $4.5 trillion in loans to businesses, states and cities that can’t get financing through other means.

Companies tapping the fund would not be able to engage in stock buybacks and would have to retain at least 90% of their employees through the end of September. They would not be able to boost executive pay by more than $425,000 annually, and those earning more than $3 million a year would see their salaries reduced.

The fund would be overseen by an inspector general and a congressional oversight board. The Treasury secretary would have to disclose transactions.

Businesses owned by President Donald Trump, other administration officials or Congress members, or their family members, would not be eligible for assistance.

Loans are set aside for airlines, air cargo carriers, airline contractors and “businesses important to maintaining national security,” widely understood to be Boeing Co.

Total cost: $500 billion

A man walks alone outside the Oculus transportation hub at the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan during the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in New York City, New York, U.S., March 27, 2020. REUTERS/Mike Segar

GRANTS FOR AIRLINES

Airlines, air cargo carries and airline contractors also could get grants to cover payroll costs. They would have to maintain service and staffing levels, and would not be able to buy back stock or pay dividends. The U.S. government could get stock or other equity in return. Executive pay above $425,000 a year would be frozen for two years, and those who earn more than $3 million annually would see their salaries reduced.

Total cost: $32 billion

HOSPITALS AND PUBLIC HEALTH

- $100 billion for hospitals and other elements of the healthcare system

- $16 billion for ventilators, masks and other medical supplies

- $11 billion for vaccines and other medical preparedness

- $10 billion for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other health agencies

- $20 billion for veterans and military health systems

- $20 billion for the Medicare health program for seniors

STATES, EDUCATION, TRANSPORTATION

- $150 billion for state, local and Native American tribal governments

- $45 billion in disaster relief

- $32 billion for education

- $25 billion for mass-transit systems

- $10 billion in borrowing authority for the U.S. Postal Service

- $1 billion for the Amtrak passenger rail service

- $10 billion for airports

- $4 billion to suspend airline ticket, cargo and fuel taxes

TAX CUTS

- A refundable 50 percent payroll tax credit for businesses affected by the coronavirus, to encourage employee retention. Employers would also be able to defer payment of those taxes if necessary. Cost: $67 billion

- Loosened tax deductions for interest and operating losses. Cost: $210 billion

- Loosened rules for retirement funds, allowing people to withdraw money early or postpone withdrawals from accounts such as Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) that have been hurt by turbulence in financial markets. Cost: $8 billion

- Allows people to use tax-advantaged savings accounts to buy menstrual medical products. Cost: $9 billion

- Tax write-offs to encourage charitable deductions and encourage employers to help pay off student loans. Cost: $3 billion

- Waive tax on distilled spirits used to make hand sanitizer

INCREASED SAFETY NET SPENDING

- $25 billion more for food stamps and child nutrition

- $12 billion more for housing programs

- $5 billion more for child and family services

OTHER ELEMENTS

- Temporary ban on foreclosures and evictions for people who rely on federal housing and mortgage programs

- Defer payments and interest on federal student loans