Universities are making students undergo "consent courses" before enrolling for degrees, a report representing Britain's vice-chancellors has found.

Universities UK (UUK), the representative organisation for educational institutions, on Wednesday published a report on harassment and hate crime on campuses.

The report, entitled Changing the Culture, assesses the progress that universities have made since a taskforce was set up in 2016 to look at the scale of harassment and hate crime across higher education.

After surveying almost 100 universities, researchers found that 81% have updated their discipline procedures, with 53% introducing or making additions to the student code of conduct.

A further 81% improved support for reporting students and 67% improved support for responding students and 78% provided students with clear information on how to report an incident.