Conflict of interest

Dr. Quarantini reports consulting fees from Allergan, Abbot, Janssen Pharmaceutical and Lundbeck and research fees from Janssen Pharmaceutical. Dr. Lacerda reports grants and personal fees from Janssen Pharmaceutical, personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo, Cristalia Produtos Químicos e Farmacêuticos, Libbs, Pfizer, Myralis Farma, Aché Laboratórios, Hypera Pharma and Sanofi-Aventis, grants from Eli Lilly, H. Lundbeck A/S, Servier Laboratories, Hoffman-La Roche, Forum Pharmaceuticals and from public programs: CNPq and FAPESP. Dr. Sanacora has received consulting fees from Allergan, Alkermes, AstraZeneca, Avanier, Axsome Therapeutics, Pharmaceuticals, Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clexio Biosciences, Epiodyne, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Janssen, Merck & Co., Naurex, Navitor, NeruoRx, Novartis, Noven Pharmaceuticals, Otsuka, Perception Neuroscience, Praxis Therapeutics, Sage Pharmaceuticals, Servier Pharmaceuticals, Taisho Pharmaceuticals, Teva, Valeant, and Vistagen therapeutics over the last 24 months. He has also received additional research contracts from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Hoffman La-Roche, Merck, Naurex, and Servier over the last 24 months. Free medication was provided to GS for an NIH-sponsored study by Sanofi-Aventis. In addition Dr. Sanacora holds equity in BioHaven Pharmaceuticals and is a co-inventor on a US patent (#8,778,979) held by Yale University and is a co-inventor on U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 047162-7177P1 (00754) filed on August 20, 2018 by Yale University Office of Cooperative Research OCR 7451 US01 Abdallah, C, Krystal, JH, Duman, R, Sanacora, G. Combination Therapy for Treating or Preventing Depression or Other Mood Diseases.Yale University, Dr. Sanacora’s employer, has a financial relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and may in the future receive financial benefits from this relationship. The University has put multiple measures in place to mitigate this institutional conflict of interest. Questions about the details of these measures should be directed to Yale University’s Conflict of Interest office. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.