Amateur video footage shows the arrest of a woman, believed to be one of three detained in connection with the discovery of a car filled with gas cylinders near Notre Dame cathedral.

A failed attack involving a car loaded with gas canisters near Notre Dame Cathedral was spearheaded by a group of women that included a 19-year-old whose written pledge of allegiance to the Islamic State group was found by police, a security official said on Friday (Saturday NZ Time).

The teen, Ines Madani, stabbed a police officer with a knife and was shot in the leg on Thursday evening (Friday NZT) in a raid south of Paris, police said.

France's interior minister described the pursuit as "a race against time" to find Madani and the two women with her before they struck. Another of the women had been engaged to the extremist who killed two French police officials earlier this year before he was shot to death, two officials said.

CHRISTIAN HARTMANN/REUTERS French policemen take part in a police raid in Boussy-Saint-Antoine near Paris, France, as authorities investigate potential terror attack.

A man arrested on Thursday (Friday NZT) also had ties to the dead jihadi, Larossi Abballa, who filmed himself on Facebook Live pledging allegiance to IS as he sat in the home of the couple he had killed, one of the officials said.

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CHRISTIAN HARTMANN/REUTERS French policemen take part in a police raid in Boussy-Saint-Antoine near Paris, France in relation to a car found packed with gas cylinders.

"There's a group that has been annihilated, but there are others," French President Francois Hollande said. "Information we were able to get from our intelligence services allowed us to act before it was too late."

One of the security officials, who was not authorised to be publicly identified, said French authorities found a note on Madani declaring allegiance to the extremist group, which has called on followers to attack France. The official said Madani was hospitalised.

Another official, who also cannot be identified when speaking about the investigation, said Madani had pulled a knife during the raid outside a small apartment building near the Boussy-Saint-Antoine train station.

In video filmed by a neighbour, a veiled woman, her face uncovered, is seen being carried away by police as she cries out "Allahu Akbar" or "God is the Greatest" in Arabic.

Five women and two men have been arrested in the case.

A plot conceived and carried out by a group of women would mark a new step in the Islamic State group's attempts to sow fear in Europe.

"It's at the same time rare and predictable," Matthieu Suc, author of "Wives of Jihadis," told France Info radio.

Women in the group do not take part in attacks, he said, but are there "to ensure the longevity of the caliphate" by having babies and providing moral support. But, he added, "there are often young girls, who are just as radicalised as the young men, and they also want the status of martyr, and they want to act."

The car loaded with gas cylinders belonged to Madani's father, who flagged her to police on Sunday (Monday NZT), 14 hours after the vehicle was discovered. Since then, authorities have worked frantically to untangle the relationships among the group and thwart what they increasingly feared was another plot.

More than one-third of the nearly 700 French citizens who have reached the war zones of Iraq and Syria are women, according to government figures. And officials have said for months that those being recruited by Islamic State in France are increasingly adolescent girls and young women.

Security around Paris was visibly higher on Friday (Saturday NZT) as the investigation widened.

A bomb squad, sniffer dogs and a scanner were deployed when a gas canister with a timer but no detonator was found outside a police station on Friday morning (Friday night NZT) in the suburb town of La Plaine Saint Denis, just north of Paris, and 1km from the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, a local police official said.

In a sign of fraying nerves, the son of a gas delivery driver was briefly detained because he had canisters in his car. Elsewhere, police in Paris used explosives to disable an illegally parked motorcycle.

Explosive gas canisters filled with nails were the weapon used in bomb attacks by Algerian extremists on Paris in the 1990s.