Electric vehicles will only be truly competitive when they can be charged as fast as refilling a gas tank. The US Department of Energy has set a goal of developing extreme fast charging (XFC) technology that can add 200 miles of driving range in 10 min. A critical barrier to XFC is Li plating, which usually occurs at high charge rates and drastically deteriorates battery life and safety. Here, we present an asymmetric temperature modulation (ATM) method that charges a Li-ion cell at an elevated temperature of 60°C to eliminate Li plating and limits the exposure time to 60°C to only ∼10 min per cycle to prevent serious materials degradation. Using industrially available battery materials, we show that a high-energy (209 Wh/kg) Li-ion cell with the ATM method retains 91.7% capacity after 2,500 XFC cycles (equal to 500,000 miles of driving range), far exceeding the US Department of Energy (DOE) target (500 cycles at 20% loss).