The authors acknowledge the NCI and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health for their critical roles in the creation of the free publicly available LIDC/IDRI/NLST Database used in this study. All participants enrolled in NLST signed an informed consent developed and approved by the screening center’s IRBs, the NCI IRB and the Westat IRB. The authors thank the NCI for access to NCI data collected by the NLST. The statements herein are solely those of the authors and do not represent or imply concurrence or endorsement by the NCI. The authors would like to thank M. Etemadi and his team at Northwestern Medicine for data collection, de-identification and research support. These team members include E. Johnson, F. Garcia-Vicente, D. Melnick, J. Heller and S. Singh. We also thank C. Christensen and his team at Northwestern Medicine IT, including M. Lombardi, C. Wilbar and R. Atanasiu. We would also like to acknowledge the work of the team working on labeling infrastructure and, specifically, J. Yoshimi, who implemented many of the features we needed for labeling of ROIs, and J. Wong for coordinating and recruiting radiologist labelers. We would also like to acknowledge the work of the team that put together the data-handling infrastructure, including G. Duggan and K. Eswaran. Lastly, we would like to acknowledge the helpful feedback on the initial drafts from Y. Liu and S. McKinney.