SAN JOSE, Calif.—Elizabeth Holmes, the founder of disgraced blood-testing startup Theranos Inc., will face trial in federal court in August 2020 alongside her former deputy on charges that they lied to doctors and patients about test results and deceived investors about the company’s finances.

U.S. District Judge Edward J. Davila scheduled the trial for Ms. Holmes and her former deputy, Ramesh “Sunny” Balwani, at a hearing here on Friday.

Jury...