The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established in 1949 as a response to the two world wars that broke out in Europe during the first half of the 20th Century. As the Iron Curtain descended across Europe, trapping millions of Europeans under the rule of totalitarian regimes and displacing millions to their deaths in Siberian gulags, NATO proved itself to be a critical deterrent to Soviet aggression on the continent. In the decades since, a growing NATO has done more to preserve the peace and security in Europe than any other institution.

When the USSR dissolved and freedom returned to Eastern Europe, most former captive nations desired the protection of NATO — a desire that helped to rapidly transform these former communist countries into thriving democracies. That’s because NATO requires aspiring member states to hold free and fair elections, make their governments more transparent and accountable, uphold the rule of law and move toward freer markets. The former captive nations’ transition from communism to democracy and centralized economies to competitive markets was not easy, but NATO is stronger and the world is safer and more free because we integrated these young democracies into the West and into our defensive alliance.

While our shared values unite us in a common purpose, Article V of the NATO treaty is what really holds this indispensable alliance together. Article V simply states that an armed attack against one or several members shall be considered as an attack against us all. The treaty never laid out specific requirements for each country in response to such an attack; it was always assumed that each member would do their part. This was and remains a sacred commitment and solemn duty, borne by all nations and by every man and woman who serves in uniform, to uphold this pledge of mutual protection.

After the 2002 NATO summit in Prague, I was honored to stand in the town square of Vilnius, Lithuania with President George W. Bush. The NATO summit has just invited the Baltic countries — Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia — along with Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia to join the alliance. On a brass plaque on the corner of the old City Hall is a quote from President Bush’s address that day. It reads: “Anyone who would choose Lithuania as an enemy has also made an enemy of the United States of America.” This is NATO.

Plaque on the Old City Hall in Vilnius, Lithuania

So when has this commitment ever been tested? I am sure most Americans would be shocked to learn that the first and only declaration of Article V from the North Atlantic Council was in support of none other than the United States of America.

Following the devastating terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, NATO moved additional early warning aircraft and air-to-air fighters to the United States in defense of our homeland. Our NATO allies also dispatched military personnel from across Europe in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, where over a thousand of their sons and daughters made the ultimate sacrifice. We have a saying in the veteran community: “All gave some, but some gave all.” This is true of our NATO allies in the Global War on Terror.



Today, as the free world faces threats from adversaries old and new, we would do well to call to mind President Reagan’s famous phrase: “Peace through strength.” We know that Russia has invaded the countries of Georgia and Ukraine, regularly interferes with the internal affairs of its neighbors, and hates that the former captive nations look to the West for prosperity and security. Yet having joined the community of free nations, Article V ensures Eastern Europe will remain whole and free.



NATO has thrived for many decades throughout countless election cycles in many countries. These countries have all gone through swings from the left to the right and back again. But even as national leaders have come and gone, NATO has remained steadfast in its mission to provide security for all its members, and it must continue to be that guarantee for future generations.

I would die today for Tallinn because I would have died for Bonn, Paris, and London 32 years ago. That is the NATO that I am proud to have served with and that I am proud to support today.