MADRID — The former leader of Catalonia, Carles Puigdemont, will not appear on Thursday before a Spanish judge to face possible charges — including rebellion — arising from his government’s declaration of independence for the region, his Belgian lawyer said.

Mr. Puigdemont traveled to Brussels on Monday, three days after he and other separatist lawmakers voted to create a Catalan republic, in violation of Spain’s Constitution.

From Brussels, he explained that he was neither seeking asylum in Belgium nor trying to escape Spanish justice, but wanted guarantees that Spain’s judiciary would treat Catalan politicians fairly, after Spain’s attorney general had demanded that they stand trial for rebellion and other charges.