The US says it is pulling its last remaining diplomats from Venezuela, saying their continued presence at the embassy in Caracas had become a "constraint" on US policy as the Trump administration aggressively looks to oust socialist president Nicolas Maduro.

The announcement from secretary of state Mike Pompeo in a tweet shortly before midnight on Monday came as Venezuela struggled to restore electricity following five days of blackouts around the country.

Venezuela's government said on Tuesday that the decision followed a breakdown in negotiations and continued hostility from Washington – and effectively says "good riddance".

Foreign minister Jorge Arreaza said the continued presence of the US diplomats "entails risks for the peace, integrity and stability of the country".

"These are the same officials that have systematically lied to the world about Venezuela's reality and personally have directed fake, flag-waving operations to justify an intervention," he said in a statement.

Maduro interview with The Associated Press Show all 9 1 /9 Maduro interview with The Associated Press Maduro interview with The Associated Press maduro2.jpg Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro speaks during an interview with The Associated Press at Miraflores presidential palace in Caracas, Venezuela, Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. Even while criticizing Donald Trump's confrontational stance toward his socialist government, Maduro said he holds out hope of meeting the U.S. president to resolve an impasse over his recognition of opponent Juan Guaido as Venezuela's rightful leader. (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) Maduro interview with The Associated Press maduro6.jpg Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro is prepared for an interview with The Associated Press at Miraflores presidential palace in Caracas, Venezuela, Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. At right is Associated Press Vice President of International News, Ian Phillips. (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) Maduro interview with The Associated Press maduro1.jpg Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro speaks during an interview with The Associated Press at Miraflores presidential palace in Caracas, Venezuela, Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. Even while criticizing Donald Trump's confrontational stance toward his socialist government, Maduro said he holds out hope of meeting the U.S. president to resolve an impasse over his recognition of opponent Juan Guaido as Venezuela's rightful leader. (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) Maduro interview with The Associated Press maduro3.jpg Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro speaks during an interview with The Associated Press at Miraflores presidential palace, where a painting of independence hero Simon Bolivar hangs, in Caracas, Venezuela, Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. Maduro is inviting a U.S. special envoy to come to Venezuela after revealing during the interview that his foreign minister recently held secret meetings with the U.S. official in New York. (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) Maduro interview with The Associated Press maduro4.jpg Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro, left, speaks during an interview with Associated Press Vice President of International News, Ian Phillips, at Miraflores presidential palace in Caracas, Venezuela, Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. Even while criticizing Donald Trump's confrontational stance toward his socialist government, Maduro said he holds out hope of meeting the U.S. president to resolve an impasse over his recognition of opponent Juan Guaido as Venezuela's rightful leader. (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) Maduro interview with The Associated Press maduro5.jpg Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro listens during an interview with The Associated Press at Miraflores presidential palace in Caracas, Venezuela, Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. Even while criticizing Donald Trump's confrontational stance toward his socialist government, Maduro said he holds out hope of meeting the U.S. president to resolve an impasse over his recognition of opponent Juan Guaido as Venezuela's rightful leader. (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) Maduro interview with The Associated Press maduro9.jpg Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro speaks during an interview with The Associated Press at Miraflores presidential palace in Caracas, Venezuela, Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. Even while criticizing Donald Trump's confrontational stance toward his socialist government, Maduro said he holds out hope of meeting the U.S. president to resolve an impasse over his recognition of opponent Juan Guaido as Venezuela's rightful leader. (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) Maduro interview with The Associated Press maduro7.jpg Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro speaks during an interview with The Associated Press at Miraflores presidential palace in Caracas, Venezuela, Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. Maduro is inviting a U.S. special envoy to come to Venezuela after revealing during the interview that his foreign minister recently held secret meetings with the U.S. official in New York. (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) Maduro interview with The Associated Press maduro8.jpg Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro, center, jokes around next to his Communications Minister Jorge Rodriguez, right, before sitting down for an interview with Associated Press Vice President of International News, Ian Phillips, left, at Miraflores presidential palace in Caracas, Venezuela, Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. Even while criticizing Donald Trump's confrontational stance toward his socialist government, Maduro said he holds out hope of meeting the U.S. president to resolve an impasse over his recognition of opponent Juan Guaido as Venezuela's rightful leader. (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos)

Mr Maduro's government in January cut ties with the US over its recognition of opposition leader Juan Guaido as Venezuela's rightful leader. US officials rejected that on the rationale that Mr Maduro had no authority to take such a step.

Caracas later retreated and allowed a skeletal staff to remain at the hilltop US embassy in the capital as the two countries attempted to negotiate an agreement to allow some sort of representation.

The failure of those talks is likely to aggravate tensions between them.

Mr Pompeo said the remaining diplomats would be out of Venezuela by the end of the week but gave no indication of future policy steps despite past warnings that "all options" – including the use of military force – are on the table for removing Mr Maduro.

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The move came after another day of chaos as power outages that began on Thursday evening left Venezuelans with scant electricity, water and communications, abruptly worsening conditions in a nation already struggling with hyperinflation and shortages of food and medicine.

People converged on a polluted river to fill water bottles in Caracas, and scattered protests erupted in several cities

A three-year-old girl with a brain tumour languished in a Caracas hospital, awaiting treatment after doctors started surgery but then suspended the operation when the power went out, according to the girl's fearful mother, who only gave her first name, Yalimar.

"The doctors told me that there are no miracles," said Yalimar, who hoped her daughter could be transferred to one of the few hospitals in Venezuela that would be able to finish the complex procedure.

Schools and many businesses remained closed on Tuesday.

Mr Maduro said on national television on Monday night that progress had been made in restoring power. He also said two people who were trying to sabotage power facilities were captured and were providing information to authorities, though he gave no details.

He had previously blamed the outages on US "cyberattacks", though opponents said they were due to the government's failure to repair a decaying electrical grid.