WASHINGTONWASHINGTON (Reuters) - A federal fund to help U.S. coal miners disabled by black lung disease will require a multibillion-dollar taxpayer bailout if Congress does not extend or increase the tax on coal production that funds it, according to a government report on Monday.

Coal companies are currently required to pay a $1.10 per ton tax on underground coal production to finance the federal Black Lung Disability Trust Fund, which pays medical and living expenses for eligible miners, but that amount is scheduled to revert to the 1977 level of 50 cents.

"With the scheduled 2019 tax rate decrease, our moderate case simulation suggests that expected revenue will likely be insufficient to cover combined black lung benefit payments and administrative costs, as well as debt repayment expenditures," according to the report from the non-partisan Government Accountability Office.

ADVERTISEMENT

Cases of black lung, an incurable illness caused by inhaling coal dust, are rising to levels not seen in decades as miners plumb the depths of played-out coal seams using heavy blasting equipment, according to government health officials.

The fund that helps them is already roughly $6 billion in debt, as revenue since it was created in the 1970s has failed to keep up with outflows. That debt could balloon to $15 billion by 2050 without congressional action, the GAO report said.

The GAO offered three options to improve the solvency of the fund: extend the current excise tax rate to reduce the debt to $4.5 billion debt by 2050, increase the current tax rate by approximately 25 percent to eliminate the debt entirely by 2050, or allow the tax rate to sunset as scheduled, cancel the current debt, and appropriate $7.8 billion to the fund.

That third option would amount to a multibillion-dollar transfer of liability for black lung victims from coal companies to taxpayers.

The coal industry has been lobbying hard against the tax, arguing its payments have already been too high at a difficult time for mining companies and that the fund has been abused by undeserving applicants, such as smokers.

Ashley Burke, spokeswoman for the National Mining Association, rejected the idea the tax should be increased.

ADVERTISEMENT

"There is no need for a tax increase on the coal industry. The only reason borrowing has been necessary is for the government to essentially repay itself for accumulated interest payments on legacy debt from the 70s and 80s," she said.

A bipartisan effort by lawmakers to extend the current coal tax failed earlier this year after the coal industry lobbied Republican House leadership not to take it up.

Democratic Representatives Bobby Scott of Virginia and Sander Levin of Michigan requested the GAO study in 2016 to clarify the fund's financial condition.

Scott told Reuters the report should compel Congress to take action to extend or increase the coal excise tax.

"The existing black lung excise tax rate on coal companies is imperative to the long-term solvency of the trust fund," Scott said in a statement.

The fund currently provides medical coverage and monthly payments for living expenses to more than 25,000 people.

ADVERTISEMENT

The Trump administration has not yet weighed in on the potential insolvency of the fund, making future policy options to address the debt uncertain, Scott said.

The United Mineworkers Union of America, the coal miners' trade union, called on Congress to ensure that the excise tax coal companies now pay remains at current levels, especially as the incidence of the disease continues to rise and affect younger miners.

“This is a problem that has been created by the coal industry, there is a system to help the victims of this disease already in place that the coal industry pays for, and I see no reason why we would put the taxpayers on the hook instead,” said Cecil Roberts, president of the UMWA.