Just 24 per cent of net migration since 1990 is down to the UK’s membership of the European Union, analysis by the Independent can reveal.

The findings throw cold water on the increasingly histrionic statements about immigration made in recent weeks by Vote Leave, the official campaign for Brexit, as well as claims made this week by The Sun and Migration Watch.

A total of 76 per cent of net migration by non-British citizens over the past 25 years has come from non-EU countries.

What has the EU ever done for us? Show all 7 1 /7 What has the EU ever done for us? What has the EU ever done for us? 1. It gives you freedom to live, work and retire anywhere in Europe As a member of the EU, UK citizens benefit from freedom of movement across the continent. Considered one of the so-called four pillars of the European Union, this freedom allows all EU citizens to live, work and travel in other member states. What has the EU ever done for us? 2. It sustains millions of jobs A report by the Centre for Economics and Business Research, released in October 2015, suggested 3.1 million British jobs were linked to the UK’s exports to the EU. What has the EU ever done for us? 3. Your holiday is much easier - and safer Freedom to travel is one of the most exercised benefits of EU membership, with Britons having made 31 million visits to the EU in 2014 alone. But a lot of the benefits of being an EU citizen are either taken for granted or go unnoticed. What has the EU ever done for us? 4. It means you're less likely to get ripped off Consumer protection is a key benefit of the EU’s single market, and ensures members of the British public receive equal consumer rights when shopping anywhere in Europe. What has the EU ever done for us? 5. It offers greater protection from terrorists, paedophiles, people traffickers and cyber-crime Another example of a lesser-known advantage of EU membership is the benefit of cross-country coordination and cooperation in the fight against crime. What has the EU ever done for us? 6. Our businesses depend on it According to 71% of all members of the Confederation of British Influence (CBI), and 67 per cent of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the EU has had an overall positive impact on their business. What has the EU ever done for us? 7. We have greater influence Robin Niblett, Director of think-tank Chatham House, stated in a report published last year: “For a mid-sized country like the UK, which will never again be economically dominant either globally or regionally, and whose diplomatic and military resources are declining in relative terms, being a major player in a strong regional institution can offer a critical lever for international influence.

Leaving the EU would have no effect on levels of net migration from these countries; ‘net migration’ is the number of people immigrating to the UK minus those emigrating from it.

The chart below dates to 1975, just after the UK joined the EU. Full 40-year figures show an even smaller proportion of immigration has been from the EU.

Source: Office of National Statistics

The Independent’s analysis is based on data provided by the Office of National Statistics. And their data lets us assign a specific host country to 2.1 million of the 5.2 million net migrants who have come to the UK since 1990, when immigration levels began to rise.

These 2.1 million cover the most significant countries: around 40 per cent have come from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh; with 15 per cent from China; 11 per cent from the Australia, South Africa, New Zealand and Canada; 5 per cent from the USA; and 3 per cent from the Philippines.

10 per cent have come from Western Europe countries, mainly from Germany, France and Italy, with the other 15 per cent or so coming from countries that joined the EU more recently, such as Poland, Lithuania and Romania.

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ONS measure migration through their ‘International Passenger Survey’, which runs all year-round and questions people entering and leaving the UK at airports, ferry terminals and the Channel Tunnel, using their responses to estimate migration for the entire country.

The analysis also reveals that migrants from Poland – the fourth most popular host country since 1990, after India, China and Pakistan – are coming to England far less than they did in the mid-2000s and are increasingly emigrating back to Poland.

Between 2009 and 2014, between 27,000 and 34,000 Poles migrated to England each year. That’s half as many per year as immigrated in 2005 to 2008. And an average of 17,000 per year have returned to Poland in the six years since 2009.

Credit: Getty

It is migrants from India, China and Pakistan who are arriving in the UK in far greater numbers, and have so far been less likely to leave.

Net migration from India was more than twice as high as from Poland in 2014, the latest year for which detailed data is available, and an average of 49,000 Indians have arrived in the UK every year for the past decade, while only 12,000 per year have left.

The UK has also become more Chinese than Polish since 2005, with 30,000 migrants arriving on average each year from China and 11,000 departing.

The figures also capture the churn in the past decade of migrants from less remarked-upon countries, such as Australia (18,000 per year arriving and 15,000 departing) and the USA (19,000 arriving, 11,000 departing).

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While many tabloid headlines over the past decade have focused on Poland, and other Eastern European countries like Lithuania and now Romania, the data shows how a country like Pakistan – while it was no longer a top ten host country for immigrants in 2013 and 2014 – has actually contributed more net migrants to the UK since 1990 than Poland; the emigration rates of its migrants are very low, they stay in the UK.

Regardless of one’s views about immigration into the UK, and ignoring any of its potential cultural, economic or psychological benefits, the numbers tell a clear story: Brexit will not bring net migration down into the ‘tens of thousands’.

For that to happen Britain must change its approach to migrants from India and China, but students from these countries effectively fund much of the UK’s higher education sector, subsiding British students.

What to believe about the EU referendum

Without Indian and Chinese students (88 per cent of Chinese immigrants in 2014 were aged 15-29, 56 per cent of Indian immigrants were), domestic tuition fees would have to rise drastically.

There are few easy fixes. And when it comes to immigration, the data suggests Brexit would solve very little.