Bernie Madoff is a former stockbroker who ran his multibillion-dollar firm as a grand-scale Ponzi scheme. He is currently serving a 150-year prison sentence.

Who Is Bernie Madoff? In 1960, Bernie Madoff used $5,000 he earned from lifeguarding and installing sprinkler systems to found his investment company. Madoff's firm offered reliable returns, and his client list included celebrities like Steven Spielberg. Arrested for running an elaborate Ponzi scheme in December 2008, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 felony counts in March 2009. That summer, the 71-year-old was sentenced to 150 years in prison.

Early Life Bernard Lawrence Madoff was born on April 29, 1938, in Queens, New York, to parents Ralph and Sylvia Madoff. Ralph, the child of Polish immigrants, worked for many years as a plumber. His wife, Sylvia, was a housewife and the daughter of Romanian and Austrian immigrants. Ralph and Sylvia married in 1932, at the height of the Great Depression. After struggling financially for many years, they became involved in finance. Records of Madoff's financial dealings show they were less than successful with the trade. His mother registered as a broker-dealer in the 1960s, listing the Madoffs' home address in Queens as the office for a company called Gibraltar Securities. The SEC forced the closure of the business for failing to report its financial condition. The couple's house also had a tax lien of more than $13,000, which went unpaid from 1956 until 1965. Many suggested that the company and the loans were all a front for Ralph's underhanded dealings. Young Madoff showed little interest in finance during this time; he was far more focused on girlfriend Ruth Alpern, whom he had met at Far Rockaway High School. Madoff's other interest was the school swim team. When Madoff wasn't competing in meets, his swim coach hired him as a lifeguard at the Silver Point Beach Club in Atlantic Beach, Long Island. Madoff began saving the money he made on the job for a later investment.

Madoff Securities After graduating from high school in 1956, Madoff headed to the University of Alabama, where he stayed for one year before transferring to Hofstra University in Long Island. In 1959, he married his high school sweetheart, Ruth, who was attending nearby Queens College. Madoff earned his bachelor's degree in political science from Hofstra in 1960 and enrolled at Brooklyn Law School, but he didn't last long in that endeavor; that year, using the $5,000 he saved from his lifeguarding job and a side gig installing sprinkler systems, as well as an additional $50,000 borrowed from his in-laws, he and Ruth founded an investment firm called Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities, LLC. With the help of Madoff's father-in-law, a retired CPA, the business attracted investors through word of mouth and amassed an impressive client list, including celebrities such as Steven Spielberg, Kevin Bacon and Kyra Sedgwick. Madoff Investment Securities grew famous for its reliable annual returns of 10 percent or more, and by the end of the 1980s, his firm was handling more than 5 percent of the trading volume on the New York Stock Exchange.

Family Business The success of Madoff Securities was in part due to a willingness to adapt to changing times; the firm was among the earliest to use computer technology for trading, helping to give rise to the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ). Madoff later served as NASDAQ chairman for three one-year terms. As the business expanded, Madoff began employing more family members to help with the company. His younger brother, Peter, joined him in the business in 1970 and became the firm's chief compliance officer. Later, Madoff's sons, Andrew and Mark, also worked for the company as traders. Peter's daughter, Shana, became a rules-compliance lawyer for the trading division of her uncle's firm, and his son, Roger, joined the firm before his death in 2006.