Special counsel Robert Mueller Robert (Bob) MuellerCNN's Toobin warns McCabe is in 'perilous condition' with emboldened Trump CNN anchor rips Trump over Stone while evoking Clinton-Lynch tarmac meeting The Hill's 12:30 Report: New Hampshire fallout MORE sent shockwaves through Washington on Wednesday by delivering his first — and possibly only — public remarks on his investigation.

During a brief, nine-minute appearance, Mueller made clear that he did not plan on speaking further about his two year-long investigation and gave fuel to pro-impeachment Democrats pressing their leadership to take action.

Here are five takeaways.

Mueller gives pro-impeachment Dems an argument

Mueller said that if his office “had confidence that the president clearly did not commit a crime, we would have said so.”

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He also said that Department of Justice guidance prohibited his office from bringing charges against the president, and that the same guidance states “that the Constitution requires a process other than the criminal justice system to formally accuse a sitting president of wrongdoing.”

Liberals pounced on those comments as a green light for an impeachment inquiry.

“Robert Mueller’s statement makes it clear: Congress has a legal and moral obligation to begin impeachment proceedings immediately,” tweeted Sen. Cory Booker Cory Anthony BookerBipartisan praise pours in after Ginsburg's death DHS opens probe into allegations at Georgia ICE facility Democratic lawmakers call for an investigation into allegations of medical neglect at Georgia ICE facility MORE (D-N.J.), a presidential candidate who previously had not called for Trump’s impeachment.

Other Democrats were more cautious.

Speaker Nancy Pelosi Nancy PelosiHoyer: House should vote on COVID-19 aid — with or without a bipartisan deal Ruth Bader Ginsburg lies in repose at Supreme Court McCarthy threatens motion to oust Pelosi if she moves forward with impeachment MORE (D-Calif.), who has sought to keep a lid on impeachment talk, said Congress would “continue to investigate and legislate to protect our elections and secure our democracy” in a statement that didn’t mention impeachment.

Other key lawmakers also avoided the word impeachment, even as they vowed to take action.

“Given that Special Counsel Mueller was unable to pursue criminal charges against the President, it falls to Congress to respond to the crimes, lies and other wrongdoing of President Trump Donald John TrumpBiden on Trump's refusal to commit to peaceful transfer of power: 'What country are we in?' Romney: 'Unthinkable and unacceptable' to not commit to peaceful transition of power Two Louisville police officers shot amid Breonna Taylor grand jury protests MORE — and we will do so,” House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerrold Nadler Jerrold (Jerry) Lewis NadlerDemocrats shoot down talk of expanding Supreme Court Schumer: 'Nothing is off the table' if GOP moves forward with Ginsburg replacement Top Democrats call for DOJ watchdog to probe Barr over possible 2020 election influence MORE (D-N.Y.) said in a statement.

Asked directly about impeachment at a press conference later Wednesday, Nadler said “all options are on the table.”

In some ways, Mueller’s appearance makes Pelosi’s job more difficult.

The special counsel gave ammunition to those saying it is Congress’s constitutional duty to move forward with impeachment, but he did little to change the political calculus.

Pelosi has long seen impeachment as politically risky for a party hoping to win back the White House next November. Her statement generally indicated that her position on the issue hasn’t changed, but it’s likely to be more difficult now to quiet some of the calls for impeachment coming from within her caucus.

GOP says case closed

While Democrats who want to impeach Trump have some new talking points, Republicans seized on Mueller’s statements as bolstering their own familiar argument: It’s time to move on.

“Special Counsel Mueller confirmed today what we knew months ago when his report was released: there was no collusion and no obstruction,” Rep. Doug Collins (Ga.), the top Republican on the House Judiciary Committee, said in a statement. “Re-litigating the 2016 election and reinvestigating the special counsel’s findings will only further divide our country.”

Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Lindsey Graham Lindsey Olin GrahamSenate GOP aims to confirm Trump court pick by Oct. 29: report The Hill's Campaign Report: GOP set to ask SCOTUS to limit mail-in voting Senate GOP sees early Supreme Court vote as political booster shot MORE (R-S.C.) made similar remarks in a statement Wednesday, saying that after Mueller’s statements “the case is over.”

Republicans have been saying this ever since Attorney General William Barr Bill BarrHarris faces pivotal moment with Supreme Court battle Hillicon Valley: DOJ proposes tech liability shield reform to Congress | Treasury sanctions individuals, groups tied to Russian malign influence activities | House Republican introduces bill to set standards for self-driving cars McCarthy threatens motion to oust Pelosi if she moves forward with impeachment MORE first released his memo summarizing the Mueller report, and nothing the special counsel said Wednesday is going to change that argument.

While Mueller once again made it clear that he was not exonerating Trump, it’ll be up to Democrats to take any next steps.

Polls have shown that many Americans are ready to move on from Mueller, and that’s one reason Pelosi has tread so cautiously on the impeachment issue.

While Mueller gave pro-impeachment Democrats some new ammunition, he didn’t say anything that will force Republicans to change their game plan.

Mueller doesn’t want to testify

Mueller made it clear he does not want to testify to Congress, raising a problem for Democrats who will have to decide whether they want to subpoena him.

“I hope and expect this to be the only time that I will speak about this matter,” Mueller said. “I am making that decision myself — no one has told me whether I can or should testify or speak further about this matter.”

Nadler has said it is imperative that Mueller testify and that the committee would subpoena him if necessary. But Democrats are unlikely to love the optics of subpoenaing him.

Nadler sidestepped questions Wednesday about a subpoena, stating: “Mr. Mueller told us a lot of what we need to hear today.”

If Mueller does appear, it’s unlikely he’ll say much based on Wednesday’s comments.

Mueller made it crystal clear that anything he’d say is already in his report.

“Any testimony from this office would not go beyond our report. It contains our findings and analysis, and the reasons for the decisions we made. We chose those words carefully, and the work speaks for itself,” Mueller said.

“The report is my testimony.” Mueller said.

The House Intelligence Committee also has sought Mueller’s testimony, though that would likely take place behind closed doors.

Mueller seeks to quash differences with Barr

In a March 27 letter revealed last month, Mueller objected to Barr’s memo on his report, arguing it failed to capture the “context, nature, and substance” of his investigation.

He also pushed Barr, a longtime friend of the special counsel, to immediately release more of the report, something Barr declined to do.

But on Wednesday, Mueller did not offer criticism of Barr, saying he didn’t question his “good faith” decision in waiting to release a redacted version of the special counsel’s full report.

“We appreciate that the attorney general made the report largely public. I do not question the attorney general’s good faith in that decision,” Mueller said.

Democrats had seized on Mueller’s letter to bolster their argument that the attorney general mishandled the report to try to help Trump.

Mueller didn’t help their argument at all, showing no evidence of frustration or disappointment with Barr.

Mueller also threw cold water on Democrats’ suspicions that the Justice Department is trying to block him from testifying before Congress.

Mueller puts emphasis on Russian meddling

While much of the media coverage on Mueller’s press conference focused on his comments about obstruction, it was clear the former longtime chief of the FBI was focused on Moscow.

Mueller said he was initially tasked with investigating the scope of Russia’s meddling in the 2016 presidential election, and he outlined a pair of indictments brought forward by his office against Russian military officers who hacked Democrats ahead of the election and a Russian troll farm.

“I will close by reiterating the central allegation of our indictments — that there were multiple, systematic efforts to interfere in our election,” Mueller said. “That allegation deserves the attention of every American."

Trump has repeatedly downplayed the extent of Russia’s meddling, and Senate Republicans have largely stonewalled election security bills.

Senate Rules Committee Chairman Roy Blunt Roy Dean BluntSocial media platforms put muscle into National Voter Registration Day Senate GOP faces pivotal moment on pick for Supreme Court This week: Supreme Court fight over Ginsburg's seat upends Congress's agenda MORE (R-Mo.) said earlier this month that he didn’t anticipate the Senate voting on any election security measures because Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell Addison (Mitch) Mitchell McConnellFEC flags McConnell campaign over suspected accounting errors Poll: 59 percent think president elected in November should name next Supreme Court justice Mark Kelly: Arizona Senate race winner should be sworn in 'promptly' MORE (R-Ky.) “is of the view that this debate reaches no conclusion.”

Mueller’s remarks could put more attention on the issue, and Democrats used his warning to back up their own calls to pass election security measures.