Australia has endured its hottest day ever recorded, as hundreds of violent bushfires continue to rage across the country.

Bureau of Meteorology data shows temperatures hit a startling new high of 40.9C on average on Tuesday – 0.6C higher than the record set in 2013 – with experts warning Wednesday would likely be even hotter.

It came as a special statement on climate change from the bureau revealed an unprecedented season of bushfire risk, with Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) statistics showing record-high indicators for spring had been observed in every state and territory in 2019.

The record levels of heat have been exacerbated by very low humidity, gusty winds and a severe lack of rainfall, combining to push bushfire danger levels into the “catastrophic” category, the statement said.

On Wednesday, the temperature in Birdsville – a Queensland outback town situated on the edge of a desert – soared to 47.7C, making it one of the hottest places on Earth. Similar temperatures were recorded across the country.

Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Show all 20 1 /20 Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures California In this decade, humans have become ever more aware of climate change. Calls for leaders to act echo around the globe as the signs of a changing climate become ever more difficult to ignore Getty Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Athens, Greece Fierce wildfires have flared up in numerous countries. The damage being caused is unprecedented: 103 people were killed in wildfires last year in California, one of the places best prepared, best equipped to fight such blazes in the world AFP/Getty Climate change: Decade's defining issue in pictures Redding, California Entire towns have been razed. 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Meanwhile, hundreds of bushfires continued to burn in states across the nation, with at least 100 in New South Wales and 70 in Queensland, where several people were treated for burns amid evacuations and power cuts.

A catastrophic, or “code red” fire alert was issued across much of south Australia, which is the nation’s highest rating and indicates fatal fire conditions.

The New South Wales fires began two months ago, destroying 768 homes, leaving six people dead, and killing hundreds of endangered koalas and other species.

Beleaguered firefighters in the state said on Wednesday they had saved more than 65,000 homes this spring.

Sydney, Australia’s largest city, has been choked by smoke for weeks as a result of the fires. On Monday, more than 20 leading medical groups, including the Royal Australasian College of Physicians, warned of a “public health emergency”, as hospitals reported a dramatic spike in casualty visits.

The warning came as it emerged prime minister Scott Morrison was on holiday overseas amid the crisis, with acting PM Michael McCormack telling reporters in his absence: “Everybody deserves a break. He worked hard this year, achieved great things for Australia.”

But emergency experts described their “huge disappointment in the lack of national leadership”, announcing they would go it alone in arranging their own summit on how to devise an urgent rethink of the country’s bushfire response in the face of climate change.

The extreme heatwave currently engulfing the country is largely caused by a positive Indian Ocean Dipole – an extreme imbalance in surface temperatures between the ocean’s east and west, which is at its highest in 60 years and is driving drought and dry conditions in South East Asia and Australia, parts of which had been experiencing drought for several years already.