Last year it found the International Monetary Fund chief and former finance minister Christine Lagarde guilty on charges of misusing public funds, but did not sentence her to jail or order her to pay a fine, a highly contentious decision. Under the new legislation, government officials would be judged by regular courts.

The same measure would forbid officials from holding the same public office for three consecutive terms. Also, members of the government — who currently can hold elective offices at different levels — would have to choose between their local and national mandates.

Another law would redirect a special budget allotted to members of Parliament to a public fund, forbid them from hiring their partners or members of their family, and limit their ability to run consulting activities while in office.

All are currently common practices among lawmakers, and they have been increasingly criticized as a sign of the disconnect between the struggling public and the elite.

A third regulation would reinforce transparency within the political parties by tightening controls on donations and prohibiting loans from foreign banks and entities. In 2014, the far-right National Front party took an $11.7 million loan from a Russian bank to help finance campaigns — money, officials said, party representatives were unable to obtain from any French or other European banks.

“It’s a good thing,” Nicolas Bay, a member of the National Front, said this morning on the French radio network RTL. “It saves us from having banks decide who can be a candidate or not.”

If passed by Parliament, the legislation would amount to a small revolution for France, which some say never truly abolished its feudal system of privileges.