BENGHAZI, Libya—Rebel officials here, amid signs of disarray in their leadership, have ramped up preparations for governing Libya after the fall of Col. Moammar Gadhafi, drafting a timeline for elections and a plan for establishing a security force.

The Benghazi-based National Transitional Council's proposed blueprint for a political transition signals an effort to reassure the international community and their countrymen that they are prepared for the tumult and uncertainty that would follow the regime's collapse.

The...