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WASHINGTON — Rep. Tom Cole’s grandmother loathed former President Andrew Jackson so much that she wouldn’t even carry a $20 bill.

A Chickasaw, like his grandmother, Cole said he also has “a very prejudiced view” of the man who occupied the White House from 1829 to 1837.

In that time, Jackson ordered the removal of the Chickasaws and other Indian tribes from their longtime homes in southern U.S. states to Indian Territory, what would later become Oklahoma. The forced relocation led to thousands of deaths along what came to be called the Trail of Tears.

Oklahoma historian Arrell Morgan Gibson wrote, “Jackson’s wholesale removal plan was adopted in 1830. … So obsessed was the president with driving the Indian tribes to the far frontiers of the United States that he gave his personal attention to the matter.”