[Last updated 22nd November, 2018]

You’ve completed the low FODMAP elimination and reintroduction phases.

Now what?

The next step involves creating your modified FODMAP diet, which is a personalized maintenance plan to keep your gut healthy and happy for the long term.

This article gives you a step by step rundown on developing your modified FODMAP diet.

Overview of FODMAP Elimination and Reintroduction Phases

The low FODMAP diet is an eating pattern designed to reduce symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other digestive issues.

It also enables you to identify what food compounds are causing your symptoms so that you can avoid them.

After a successful 2 to 8-week elimination of high FODMAP foods you must begin the rechallenge and reintroduction phase. There are many undesired health consequences if you remain in the elimination phase too long.

The reintroduction phase involves rechallenging each category of high FODMAP foods individually to gauge how your body responds.

Once these two phases are complete, most of your digestive symptoms should be resolved. But it’s not quite over just yet…

Summary: A successful low FODMAP diet requires following an elimination phase followed by the rechallenge and reintroduction phase.

The Modified FODMAP Diet (or Maintenance Phase)

Once the rechallenge and reintroduction phase is over you can begin introducing other foods back into your diet.

After all, the more diverse your diet in the long term, the better for gut health.

This part of the low FODMAP diet is often called the ‘modified FODMAP diet’ or ‘maintenance plan’ or ‘phase 3’.

It refers to your long-term eating pattern after completing the elimination and reintroduction phases.

Step One

Based on results from the individual high FODMAP trials, consider moving forward to challenging foods with multiple FODMAPs.

Foods that contain multiple FODMAPs:

Fructose and Sorbitol: apple, pear

apple, pear Fructans and Sorbitol: plum, prunes, apricots

plum, prunes, apricots Fructans/GOS and Mannitol: snow peas

snow peas GOS and Mannitol: butternut squash

butternut squash Fructans and Fructose: raisin toast, Jerusalem artichoke, watermelon

Keep in mind that if you did not tolerate a specific FODMAP category during the initial reintroduction (i.e. fructose), then avoid trialling foods that contain that type of FODMAP.

Step Two

Next, test more than two high FODMAP foods at a time to assess your threshold.

The foods do not necessarily need to come from different FODMAP categories. Rather, you are figuring out the overall load and combinations your body tolerates.

For instance:

Eat an apple (fructose, polyols) and a handful of cashews (GOS) as a snack.

You could also try wheat pasta (fructans) topped with marinara sauce containing garlic (fructans) and onion (fructans) powder.

Step Three

Based on results of these challenges, establish your modified FODMAP diet.

Use the list of foods below to help you expand the diet based on the findings above. For example, if you know you do well with fructans and GOS then focus on foods from those FODMAP categories.

However, if you do not respond well to fructose and lactose then limit or avoid foods from those FODMAP categories.

Continue to check in on your symptoms over time and make small tweaks as needed.

Summary: Once you know your threshold to individual FODMAP categories, continue assessing your tolerance by trialling foods with multiple FODMAPs. Next, try combinations of high FODMAP foods during a meal or snack.

High FODMAP Foods To Try and Reintroduce

Below is a list of foods in their primary FODMAP category.

When adding a food back into the diet, start with a small portion, and then slowly increase the amount you have in one sitting.

Remember this step should only be done after you have already followed a rechallenge and reintroduction protocol such as this.

Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS): almonds, black beans, cassava, chickpeas, peas, karela, borlotti beans, butter bean, Haricot bean, lentils, lima beans, mung beans, red kidney beans, soy beans

almonds, black beans, cassava, chickpeas, peas, karela, borlotti beans, butter bean, Haricot bean, lentils, lima beans, mung beans, red kidney beans, soy beans Fructan (vegetables) : garlic, leek (white bulb), okra, onion (red or white), savoy cabbage, shallot, spring onion (white bulb)

: garlic, leek (white bulb), okra, onion (red or white), savoy cabbage, shallot, spring onion (white bulb) Fructan (fruits) : grapefruit, persimmon, pomegranate seeds, dried cranberries, dried currants, dried dates, dried figs, dried goji berries, dried mango, dried papaya, dried pineapple, raisins

: grapefruit, persimmon, pomegranate seeds, dried cranberries, dried currants, dried dates, dried figs, dried goji berries, dried mango, dried papaya, dried pineapple, raisins Fructan (grains) : barley flakes, corn flakes, rice krispies, spelt flakes, wheat bran, pumpernickel bread, white wheat bread, wholegrain wheat bread, buckwheat kernels, couscous, spelt pasta, wheat pasta

: barley flakes, corn flakes, rice krispies, spelt flakes, wheat bran, pumpernickel bread, white wheat bread, wholegrain wheat bread, buckwheat kernels, couscous, spelt pasta, wheat pasta Fructose : asparagus, boysenberry, broad beans, fresh figs, honey, mango, sugar snap peas, sundried tomatoes, tamarillo

: asparagus, boysenberry, broad beans, fresh figs, honey, mango, sugar snap peas, sundried tomatoes, tamarillo Lactose : cream, sour cream, cream cheese, ice cream, milk, buttermilk, evaporated milk, ricotta cheese, yogurt

: cream, sour cream, cream cheese, ice cream, milk, buttermilk, evaporated milk, ricotta cheese, yogurt Mannitol : cauliflower, celery, sweet potato

: cauliflower, celery, sweet potato Sorbitol: avocado, blackberry, lychee, peach

Design Your Modified Low FODMAP Diet

Everyone’s experience on the low FODMAP diet is different.

Creating your own modified low FODMAP diet is certainly no exception. It should be tailored to fit your needs and health goals.

The aim of the maintenance plan is to figure out what combination of FODMAPs and what overall load of FODMAPs you can safely have in a day or week without triggering symptoms.

When designing your long-term diet plan ask yourself these questions:

Can I consume a high FODMAP food every day or should I limit it to every other day?

How many high FODMAP foods can I consume in one meal?

Which FODMAP categories seem most problematic?

Does stress or other lifestyle factors impact my tolerance of these foods?

It’s important to remember that symptoms of IBS and other digestive disorders change over time. Life stressors often aggravate symptoms despite minimal changes to the diet.

For this reason, your diet should be flexible to align with occasional changes in tolerance. Also, foods you may not have tolerated during the initial trial can always be retested a few months later if your symptoms have improved.

HELP…I’m Overwhelmed!

If this process seems tedious there are tools to help.

Using the Monash University FODMAPs app provides a color-coded system to slowly add back in foods you were avoiding in larger portions.

For instance, if you search for avocado in the guide, you’ll see it is “green” or low in FODMAPs at 1/8 of a whole avocado. By increasing the portion to ¼ it is now a “yellow” or medium FODMAP, and then at ½ it becomes a “red” or high FODMAP.

Simply pick out the foods you’ve been avoiding during the elimination that you miss and bring them back in one at a time.

In the end, working with a dietitian throughout this process may lower the anxiety and stress surrounding each step. Given that anxiety is a digestive system trigger, it’s important to feel comfortable throughout the process.

Summary: Consider the whole picture when figuring out your modified FODMAP diet plan. Think about what groups are most problematic for you, and if other aspects of your life are still causing symptoms. You can use the low FODMAP application to help guide you through this process.

Additional Tips For Successful Maintenance

Here are some additional tips for long term maintenance:

Limit your intake of high FODMAP foods prior to social events or eating out to better tolerate foods in those settings. As time goes on, be open to slight modifications in the diet as tolerance may change. Try to be calm. Fear associated with eating or reintroducing foods as that fear translates into anxiety, stress, and increase in digestive symptoms. Understand that some mild digestive symptoms are “normal” and may not require strategic dietary change. This includes mild bloating or gas after eating a big meal.

Summary of The Modified FODMAP diet

The modified FODMAP diet refers to the last part or phase of a low FODMAP diet.

It’s an important step after the reintroduction phase in order to ensure great gut health and long-term digestive relief.

After all, the entire FODMAP diet process is designed to help you develop an individualized yet balanced eating pattern that supports digestive health.