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Deterrence is the ability to prevent an unwanted military action through the threat of consequences, and it is a crucial component of United States foreign policy.

We want to be able to deter our enemies because it achieves our goals without starting larger conflicts or risking American lives.

But deterrence isn’t easy to achieve. It requires three things: the capability to act, the credibility that we’ll follow through on threats, and clear communication about what we'll accept and how violators will be punished.

It starts with acting from strength: without the ability to discipline offenders, deterrence is impossible.

Strength isn’t just military force; it includes economic and political resources that improve our options to compel good behavior.

But unless there’s a willingness to follow through, military capability isn’t enough.

If our adversaries believe they won’t face consequences for their actions, they’ll act contrary to our interests. Countries that want to deter others should never make empty threats.

Finally, deterrence requires clear communication of what we’ll accept and how violators will be punished.

When lines are crossed, the consequences should come as no surprise to our adversaries.

The ultimate goal of deterrence is for our adversaries to view restraint as their best option.