Volkswagen isn’t the only company that's been caught in the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) crackdown on emissions.

On Thursday, motorcycle company Harley-Davidson reached an agreement with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in which Harley will pay $12 million in fines for selling some 340,000 “super tuners” that allowed US bike owners to modify emissions control systems.

The company will also no longer sell the offending aftermarket tuners in the US, and units sold outside the US will be marked to say that customers should not install them on motorcycles to be driven in the US. Harley will have to buy back and destroy existing aftermarket tuners that don’t meet Clean Air Act requirements, and it will have to spend a separate $3 million on a mitigation project “to replace conventional woodstoves with cleaner-burning stoves in local communities,” according to an EPA press release.

For now, the motorcycle maker did not admit any wrongdoing. “This settlement is not an admission of liability but instead represents a good faith compromise with the EPA on areas of law we interpret differently, particularly EPA's assertion that it is illegal for anyone to modify a certified vehicle even if it will be used solely for off-road/closed-course competition,” Ed Moreland, the company’s government affairs director, said in a press release.

Last year, the EPA made clarifications to existing rules prohibiting owners, operators, aftermarket companies, and service businesses from tampering with or removing emissions equipment on EPA-certified vehicles, causing a small uproar in the car-modding and amateur racing communities. But the clarifications weren’t enough to un-muddy the legal waters of vehicle modifying, as a comment from Moreland demonstrates. "For more than two decades, we have sold this product under an accepted regulatory approach that permitted the sale of competition-only parts,” he said. “In our view, it is and was legal to use in race conditions in the US.”

Harley-Davidson added that all the aftermarket tuners it sold were clearly labeled as competition-only products.

In addition to the aftermarket tuner dispute, the EPA contends that Harley-Davidson sold 12,000 motorcycles “that were not covered by an EPA certification that ensures a vehicle meets federal clean air standards.”

The dispute between the EPA and Harley-Davidson is similar to that between the EPA and Volkswagen Group but on a smaller scale. The EPA said that Harley’s tuners were releasing nitrogen oxide emissions (NO x ) beyond the limit permitted by federal regulations, but it didn't note how much more NO x was being released on average after a tuner was installed.

“Given Harley-Davidson’s prominence in the industry, this is a very significant step toward our goal of stopping the sale of illegal aftermarket defeat devices that cause harmful pollution on our roads and in our communities,” Assistant Attorney General John C. Cruden, head of the Justice Department’s Environment and Natural Resources Division, said in a statement.