European Union leaders fell out on Friday over their next long-term budget after fraught talks about a gaping Brexit hole in their joint coffers, with poorer countries demanding more aid and their "frugal" peers determined to rein in spending.

Brexit has left the EU short of some 75 billion euros ($81bn) and the 27 remaining EU countries failed this week to agree either on the overall size of the bloc's 2021-27 budget, or how to spend it.

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"We have to acknowledge that the differences are too big still to find agreement," German Chancellor Angela Merkel told reporters after two days of talks in the EU's hub, Brussels.

Setting the budget has always been a tug of war, but this time was fiercer than ever because the United Kingdom's exit from the bloc last month came amid costly new challenges, from climate change to managing migration and a growing digital economy.

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The standoff has exposed rifts between countries in the north and south, between east and west, and between more developed and less advanced economies.

Net payers dubbed the "Frugal Four" - Austria, Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands - dug in their heels, demanding that the budget be capped at 1 percent of the bloc's total economic output.

Beneficiaries of the generous handouts opposed deep cuts in development aid and farming subsidies compared with those they get under the current 2014-20 plan.

"Nobody was really pleased," said Prime Minister Andrej Plenkovic of Croatia, one of the countries seeking more aid.

The feud also underlined the fact that, following the turmoil of Brexit that brought them together, the bloc still has many issues which divide it.

"These divisions are there. We don't need Britain for that. They were playing out during the financial crisis a decade ago, during the migration crisis, we're now seeing them on budget issues," French President Emmanuel Macron said.

'Frankenstein proposal'

After nearly 30 hours of complex negotiations, the leaders were no closer to a deal than when they first convened on Thursday, with a proposal to set the budget at 1.074 percent of the continent's gross national income, or some 1.09 trillion euros ($1.2 trillion).

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A new blueprint of 1.069 percent also failed to impress and was dubbed by one EU official as "a Frankenstein proposal".

The "frugal four" stood firmly against a scheme that would allocate one-third for development aid to help poorer regions grow and another third on support for farmers, a key priority for Paris.

Germany, the EU's powerhouse and biggest net contributor, was upset about taking the brunt of the Brexit shortfall and coming out worse off than France.

Berlin, Vienna and others wanted to see more focus on border management following Europe's migrant crisis of 2015-16, as well as on tackling climate change, beefing up security and modernising the bloc's economy through digital investment.

There will have to be a further summit - or summits - to get a deal over the line, but no date was set for now. Without an agreement by the end of the year, the bloc will have to freeze much of its activity from 2021.

"In the past it has always taken two or three meetings to reach a result," Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurtz said.