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A magpie is unlikely pinch your jewellery and might even be frightened by it, research has shown.

Scientists have debunked the common myth that magpies are nothing but trinket thieves.

They found that far from being attracted to shiny objects, the black and white birds do their best to avoid them.

The tests were carried out at the University of Exeter on both wild magpies and a group of the birds housed at a rescue centre.

Under carefully controlled conditions, their actions were carefully recorded as they were exposed to both shiny and non-shiny items.

Lead researcher Dr Toni Shephard, from the university's Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, said: "We did not find evidence of an unconditional attraction to shiny objects in magpies. Instead, all objects prompted responses indicating neophobia - fear of new things - in the birds.

"It seems likely, therefore, that the folklore surrounding them is a result of cultural generalisation and anecdotes rather than evidence."

Shiny metal screws, small foil rings and a small rectangular piece of aluminium foil were used in the tests.

Half the screws and rings were painted matt blue while the rest remained glittering silver.

In the experiments shiny and non-shiny objects were placed on the ground 30 centimetres from a pile of food in the form of nuts.

Wild magpies only made contact with a shiny object twice in 64 tests, the researchers reported in the journal Animal Cognition. On both occasions, a silver ring was picked up and immediately discarded.

Both the shiny and blue objects were either ignored or avoided. Often, the magpies exhibited wary behaviour by feeding less when the items were nearby.

During the study with captive birds, no contact was made with any of the objects.

Co-author Dr Natalie Hempel de Ibarra, also from the University of Exeter, said: "Magpies are capable of sophisticated mental feats, such as mirror self-recognition, retrieval of hidden objects and remembering where and when they have hoarded what food item.

"Here we demonstrate once more that they are smart - instead of being compulsively drawn towards shiny objects, magpies decide to keep a safe distance when these objects are novel and unexpected."

The magpie's tarnished reputation runs through folklore, literature and music.

Rossini's opera The Thieving Magpie, first performed in 1817, tells the story of a servant girl wrongly accused of silver thefts that were committed by a magpie.

One episode of the Tintin comic series, The Castafiore Emerald, has a similar plot with a magpie making off with a prized emerald.

Magpies have traditionally been regarded as bearers of bad omens and associated with the devil.

In Scotland, a magpie near the window of a house is said to be a harbinger of death.