The Obama administration is planning to release in the coming months a series of regulations on the oil and natural gas industry, a response to the nation’s energy boom that also is aimed at burnishing President Barack Obama’s environmental legacy in his final two years.

The coming rules—at least nine in total—would include the first-ever federal standards addressing methane emissions, stricter controls on hydraulic fracturing, drilling requirements in the Arctic, new rules governing oil shipped by trains and tougher standards on offshore drilling technology.

The repercussions for the industry could be higher operating costs and fewer incentives to drill on public lands. Mr. Obama and his environmental backers say new regulations are needed to address the impacts of the surge in oil and gas drilling and production.

“The large number of imminent regulations may be a sign that the White House is greening up its oil-and-gas policy,” said Kevin Book, managing director of Clearview Energy Partners, a nonpartisan energy research firm that tracks federal regulations. “Fracking produced numerous regulatory responses at multiple levels, and a lot of the federal rules have been pending for a long time.”

In its first six years, the administration released very few regulations directly affecting the oil-and-gas industry and instead rolled out several significant rules aimed at cutting air pollution from the coal and electric-utility sectors. Some of the coming rules have been in the works for months or even years, and others are required by current laws or court decisions.