As the driverless car gets closer to reality, so too does the dilemma of how to insure the car and its owner.

The auto insurance industry faces upheaval in the next 25 years as the migration to autonomous safety features — and ultimately a self-driving car — shifts more of a car’s accident risk from the driver to the vehicle, analysts said.

The number of accidents is expected to drop sharply because currently more than 90% of accidents are caused by driver error. That could lower insurance bills for consumers. The U.S. market for personal auto insurance policies, which currently generates $200 billion in premiums a year, could shrink substantially, some experts predict.

“There are going to be dramatic changes,” said Joe Schneider, a managing director at KPMG who’s part of the accounting firm’s task force studying the issue.


A number of cars already have collision-avoidance features, such as blind-spot detectors and front-end crash-warning systems. The auto industry and federal regulators also have agreed to equip nearly every new car with automatic emergency braking systems within the next six years.

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Completely self-driving cars are being developed by several auto manufacturers and Alphabet Inc.’s Google unit.

But the insurance industry, regulators and consumer advocates caution that myriad questions have to be answered before it’s known exactly how those driverless cars will be insured.


For instance, although a driverless car might cut the risk of accidents, it still would share the road with drivers behind the wheel. How would insurance for both types of vehicles be written, and what would it cost?

“We don’t want to see an environment created where you have vehicles that might not be nothing more than glorified golf carts autonomously operating among big-rig tractor trailers,” said Jim Whittle, assistant general counsel for the American Insurance Assn., a trade group for the insurers.

And don’t expect a price cut in auto insurance anytime soon. In fact, prices have been climbing in recent years because of a rise in the number of crashes that reflects more miles being driven, higher car sales and an increase in texting and other driver distractions, among other factors.

The average annual spending for car insurance nationwide was $841.23 in 2013, the most recent year available, up 7% from $786.65 in 2009, according to the National Assn. of Insurance Commissioners. In California, it rose to $782.63 from $756.16.


The number of crashes rose 10% to 6.06 million in 2014 from 5.51 million in 2009, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Cars with autonomous safety features are “certainly not the majority” of vehicles on the road because “the features themselves, while important in adding safety, aren’t such that every use and operation of the car is now automated,” California Insurance Commissioner Dave Jones said.

“So far, we haven’t seen significant changes in claims or experience that would warrant changes in [customer] rates,” Jones said.

But KPMG estimates that over the next 25 years, the number of accidents could plunge 80% from current levels, which “will go right to the core of the business” of providing car insurance, said Jerry Albright, a KPMG principal also on the task force.


Insurance bills aren’t coming down yet, but “over time do we think that is going to happen? Yes,” Schneider said.

Allstate Corp. Chairman Thomas Wilson — who has dubbed the move to driverless cars “The Jetsons,” after the cartoon with spaceship-like cars — said in a speech last year that the shift could have “the most detrimental impact on auto insurance” and one “we don’t want to wait” to figure out.

Billionaire investor Warren Buffett, whose Berkshire Hathaway Corp. owns Geico insurance, told an automotive forum last year that “we would not be throwing a party at our insurance business” when self-driving cars arrive, even though that day remained “a long ways off.”

Jones has ridden in Google’s driverless car and held hearings to see, as he put it, “how this will impact consumer protection and how it will impact insurance markets in California. We’re watching it very carefully.”


A Google self-driving car is seen on display Wednesday, May 18, 2016, at Google’s I/O conference in Mountain View, Calif. (AP Photo/Eric Risberg )

All of this is careening down the road a little too fast for Jamie Court, president of the public advocacy group Consumer Watchdog.

“These technologies shouldn’t be rushed to market without hearing voices from all sides” about insurance, Court said. The “robot car shouldn’t be developed without a formal process for the public to weigh in with their concerns.”

For instance, “our big fear is that in accidents in driverless cars, the human being is still going to be considered at fault because robots are presumed not to make mistakes,” Court said.


Indeed, Buffett raised a question about accident fault that’s key to the insurers’ future: Exactly how much would the liability for crashes shift from drivers to the vehicles that are making most — if not all — of the safety decisions?

If it turns out that the automakers and their suppliers end up shouldering most of the liability, they might offer insurance themselves, said Donald Light, director of the North American property/casualty practice at the research firm Celent. They might even add the insurance premium to the sticker price of new cars.

“That’s another big threat to the current insurance industry,” Light said.

In the meantime, British company Adrian Flux Insurance Services this month launched what it said might be the first “driverless car policy” in the world.


The policy would cover existing cars using autonomous features such as self-parking and autopilot systems and would cover drivers for things such as satellite failures that disrupt the systems or hacking by outsiders.

“We wanted to help provide confidence and clarity around the ongoing debate of ‘who is liable?’ ” Adrian Flux General Manager Gerry Bucke said in a statement.

As that debate continues, analysts agree that consumers probably still will need insurance even if they one day own self-driving cars. If a tree falls on the car or it’s vandalized, for instance, they’ll need coverage.

And just because the driverless car seems closer to reality doesn’t mean the vehicles will be commonplace, as in “The Jetsons,” for many years.


One reason, as Whittle of the American Insurance Assn. put it, is “the simple reason that a lot of people like to drive.”

james.peltz@latimes.com

For more business news, follow James F. Peltz on Twitter: @PeltzLATimes

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