The flu season is here and I have started to see positive influenza testing. It’s time to get flu shots for your family before your house is full of fevers and dripping noses. Here are 11 things you need to know about the 2015-2016 influenza vaccine:

1) The flu vaccine is essential for children:

The flu virus is common and unpredictable, and it can cause serious complications and death, even in healthy children. Immunization each year is the best way to protect children.

Each year, on average, 5 percent to 20 percent of the U.S. population gets the flu, and more than 200,000 people are hospitalized from complications. At least 145 children died from the flu last year, although the actual number is probably much higher since many flu deaths aren’t reported. If you choose not to vaccinate your child, you not only endanger your own child but also others.

Although influenza can be treated with antiviral medications, these drugs are less effective than we would like, expensive, and have a lot of side effects.

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Center for Disease Control strongly recommends annual influenza immunization for all people ages 6 months and older, including children and adolescents. In addition, household contacts and out-of-home caregivers of children with high risk conditions and all children under the age of 5 especially should be vaccinated.

Young children, people with asthma, heart disease, diabetes, weakened immune systems, and pregnant women are at high risk for complications of influenza, such as pneumonia.

About half of all Americans get vaccinated against the flu each year, including 50 percent of pregnant women. This number needs to get better. Ask your child’s school, daycare center, or sports coach, “How are we promoting the flu vaccine for these children?”

2) Now is the time to get vaccinated:

Influenza vaccine shipments have already begun, and will continue through the fall and winter. Here is a list of free flu shot clinics available in the St. Louis area this year. Or call your doctor, your local department of public health, or your local pharmacy to ask when the vaccine will be available.

Infants and children receiving the flu shot for the first time may need two doses of the vaccine, administered four weeks apart. It is important that these children get their first dose as soon as possible to be sure they can complete both doses before the flu is too prevalent.

3) It’s doesn’t have to be a shot, you can get the nasal spray vaccine instead:

Two types of influenza vaccines are available for use in children. The inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) is given by intramuscular injection and is approved for children 6 months of age and older. It is available in both trivalent (IIV3) and quadrivalent (IIV4) forms.

The quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) is given by intranasal spray and is approved for healthy patients 2 through 49 years of age.

4) If you are healthy, it doesn’t matter which form of the vaccine you get:

The quadrivalent influenza vaccines for the 2015-2016 season contain the same 3 strains as the trivalent vaccine, plus an additional B strain. Although this may offer improved protection, the AAP does not give preference for one type of flu vaccine over another.

Last flu season, the nasal spray vaccine (the live attenuated quadrivalent influenza vaccine, or LAIV) did not offer greater protection than IIV against the predominant strain of influenza virus. Some people with illnesses that affect the immune system can only get certain forms of the vaccine, which is why the different vaccines are available. If you are healthy, either vaccine is appropriate.

Please don’t delay vaccination in order to wait for a specific vaccine. Influenza virus is unpredictable. What’s most important is that people receive the vaccine as soon as possible. Remember, influenza is already here!

5) You can’t get the flu from the flu vaccine:

Flu vaccines are made from killed or weakened viruses. Mild systemic symptoms, such as nausea, lethargy, headache, muscle aches, and chills, can occur. These symptoms are more common after the nose-spray version of the flu vaccine (more on this below).

The side effects of the flu vaccine are mild (and nothing compared to having the flu). The most common side effects are local pain and tenderness. Fever is also seen within 24 hours after immunization in approximately 10 to 35 percent of children younger than 2 years of age, but rarely in older children and adults. The nose-spray version of the flu vaccine (the quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine or LAIV4) has the potential to produce mild symptoms including runny nose, headache, wheezing, vomiting, muscle aches and fever.

6) If you catch the flu and are vaccinated, you will get a milder form of the disease:

We know that flu vaccines are about 60 percent effective– yes, I wish that number was higher. The good news is that vaccinated people who contract influenza get a mild form of the disease, basically just the sniffles, according to a recent study. People who are not vaccinated will be in bed with fever and miserable.

7) This year’s flu vaccine is expected to work better than last year’s vaccine. Here’s why:

Last year’s flu season was particularly severe because the predominant strain was an influenza A called H3N2, which was not included in the vaccine. The vaccine for the 2015-16 season contains the H3N2 strain.

8) There should be plenty of vaccine for everyone this year:

For the 2015-16 season, manufacturers have projected that they will produce between 171 and 179 million doses of flu vaccine. At least 40 million doses have already shipped.

9) The influenza vaccine doesn’t cause autism:

A robust body of research continues to show that the influenza vaccine is safe and is not associated with autism. Recently, certain politicians have made comments about vaccines that implied incorrect information. Please see the American Academy of Pediatrics’ response to these comments here.

10) The flu vaccine can be given at the same time as other vaccines:

The flu vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines, but at a different place on the body and with a separate needle. It is also important to note that children 6 months through 8 years of age may need two doses spaced one month apart to achieve full protection. These children should receive their first dose as soon as the vaccine is available in their community.

11) Most children with egg allergy can still get the flu vaccine:

Most children presumed to have egg allergy can safely receive influenza vaccine in the general pediatrician’s office without going to an allergy specialist. Influenza vaccine given in a single, age-appropriate dose is well-received by nearly all children and adults who have egg allergy. For children with a history of severe egg allergy, an allergy consultation is still recommended.