A powerful earthquake Thursday on Japan's northernmost main island of Hokkaido triggered dozens of landslides that crushed houses under torrents of dirt, rocks and timber, prompting frantic efforts to unearth any survivors.

At least nine people were killed, Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said. Officials said at least 366 were injured, five of them seriously, and about 30 people were unaccounted for after the magnitude 6.7 earthquake jolted residents from their beds at 3:08am.

Nearly 3 million households were left without power by the quake - the latest in an exhausting run of natural disasters for Japan.

AP A wide view of the massive landslide in Atsuma town, Hokkaido, northern Japan.

It paralysed normal business on the island, as blackouts cut off water to homes, immobilised trains and airports, causing hundreds of flight cancellations, and shut down phone systems.

READ MORE: Japan faced with death and destruction after Typhoon Jebi​

Christchurch woman Hannah Murdoch has described being jolted awake about 3am in the remote area of Tomamu, and the power going out.

"It woke me up and just kind of shook the house around for maybe 30 seconds," Murdoch said.

"There were several aftershocks that were enough to keep me awake."

Murdoch said the trains had been shut down, stopping travellers from leaving the area. She had also heard the airport was closed.

Otherwise it was "business as usual" in Tomamu, a spot on Hokkaido away from the main cities, where the 24-year-old is working at a resort.

She worried the cities had been worse affected. The 3am jolt had not felt as severe as those she experienced in Canterbury in September 2010, she said.

"I was in Christchurch quakes. It didn't feel as violent as some of the bigger ones in Christchurch."

AP The landslide engulfs houses in Atsuma town, Hokkaido.

In the town of Atsuma, where entire hillsides collapsed, rescuers used small backhoes and shovels to search for survivors under the tons of earth that tumbled down steep mountainsides, burying houses and farm buildings below. The area's deep green hills were marred by reddish-brown gashes where the soil tore loose under the violent tremors.

Twenty-eight people remained unaccounted for in the town, Atsuma Mayor Shoichiro Miyasaka told public broadcaster NHK.

"We will carry on searching for them," he said.

AP Police search missing persons at the site of a landslide after an earthquake in Atsuma town.

Miyasaka said the town had emergency meals for up to 2000 people and that more than 500 had sought refuge in its emergency shelters.

The landslides ripped through some homes and buried others. Some residents described awakening to find their next-door neighbours gone.

"The entire thing just collapsed," said one. "It's unbelievable."

The island's only nuclear power plant, which was offline for routine safety checks, temporarily switched to a backup generator to keep its spent fuel cool. Nuclear regulators said there was no sign of abnormal radiation - a concern after a massive quake and tsunami in March 2011 that hit northeast Japan destroyed both external and backup power to the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant, causing meltdowns.

Japan's Meteorological Agency said the quake's epicenter was 40 km deep. But it still wreaked havoc across much of the relatively sparsely inhabited island.

Many roads were closed and some were impassable. NHK showed workers rushing to clean up shattered glass and reinstall ceiling panels that had fallen in the region's biggest airport at Chitose.

AP Houses destroyed by the landslide in Atsuma town.

Japan is used to dealing with disasters, but the last few months have brought a string of calamities. The quake came on the heels of a typhoon that lifted heavy trucks off their wheels and triggered major flooding in western Japan, leaving the main airport near Osaka and Kobe closed after a tanker rammed a bridge connecting the facility to the mainland. The summer also brought devastating floods and landslides from torrential rains in Hiroshima and deadly hot temperatures across the country.

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said that up to 25,000 troops and other personnel would be dispatched to Hokkaido to help with rescue operations.

As Japan's northern frontier and a major farming region with rugged mountain ranges and vast forests, Hokkaido is an area accustomed to coping with long winters, isolation and other hardships. But the blackouts brought on by the quake underscored the country's heavy reliance on vulnerable power systems: without electricity, water was cut to many homes, train lines were idled and phone systems out of order.

KYODO NEWS/AP Residents watch a road damaged by an earthquake in Sapporo, Hokkaido, northern Japan.

In the prefectural capital of Sapporo, a city of 1.9 million, the quake ruptured roads and knocked houses askew. A mudslide left several cars half buried. By evening the city's streets were dark and shops closed.

Economy, Trade and Industry Minister Hiroshige Seko told reporters that the extensive power outage was caused by an emergency shutdown of the main thermal power plant at Tomato-Atsuma that supplies half of Hokkaido's electricity.

The hope had been to get power back up within hours and some electricity was gradually being restored. However, damage to generators at the plant meant that a full restoration of power could take more than a week, Seko said.

Utilities were starting up several other thermal and hydroelectric plants and power was restored to 340,000 households, but even with those stopgap supplies thousands will still be without electricity for some time.

Authorities sent power generator vehicles to hospitals and other locations and water tanker trucks to communities in Sapporo, where residents were collecting bottles to tide them over until electricity and tap water supplies come back online. Long lines of people waited to charge their cellphones at the city's regional government office.

The quake's impact was widespread. To the north, in the scenic town of Biei, residents lined up outside of supermarkets and convenience stores, quickly clearing shelves of water, toilet paper and food.

HIROKI YAMAUCHI/AP The powerful earthquake shook Japan's northernmost main island of Hokkaido.

"Only a few cartons of instant ramen were left," said Mika Takeda, who lives in the town of 10,000. The one local gas station was limiting customers to only 20 liters of gas, she said.

JAPAN'S SUMMER OF DISASTERS

Floods, typhoons, earthquakes and a record-shattering heat wave. The summer of 2018 has been an unusually destructive and deadly one in Japan, even for a country prone to natural disasters:

HIROKI YAMAUCHI/AP Residents watch a road damaged by an earthquake in Sapporo, Hokkaido, northern Japan.

June 18: Osaka earthquake

A magnitude 6.1 earthquake struck during the morning rush hour in the city of Osaka, killing five people and injuring more than 400 others. Two of the victims were hit by falling cinder-block walls, including a nine-year-old girl outside her school, sparking an inspection and tearing down of many old structures.

July: West Japan floods

Unusually heavy rain in western Japan claimed 221 lives as landslides buried homes and rivers broke through embankments. Floodwaters reached the top of the first story of buildings. The cities of Hiroshima and Kurashiki and nearby areas were hardest hit. Weeks later, more than 1500 people are still living in shelters.

July: Record heat

A prolonged heat wave was blamed for at least 116 deaths, as two high pressure systems trapped warm and humid air above the region. The temperature reached 41.1 degrees Celsius on July 23 in Kumagaya, about 65 kilometres northwest of Tokyo, the highest recorded anywhere in Japan in recent history.

MASANORI TAKEI/AP A woman walks past a damaged building in Abira town, near Chitose, Hokkaido, northern Japan following the strong earthquake.

September 4: Typhoon Jebi

The strongest typhoon to hit Japan in 25 years ripped off building roofs, tossed cars onto their sides and flooded one of Japan's busiest airports, forcing it to close for at least three days. Eleven people died. The bridge connecting the offshore airport to the mainland was severely damaged when the storm drove a tanker ship sideways into it.

September 6: Hokkaido earthquake

A magnitude 6.7 earthquake struck around 3am on Hokkaido, leaving deep gashes in roads, triggering landslides and knocking out power and train service across Japan's northernmost main island. As of late afternoon, seven people had been confirmed dead, with the search continuing for the missing.