SEOUL—Police raided Google Inc.'s South Korean offices Tuesday to probe potential violations of the country's telecommunication-privacy law, in the latest move by authorities around the world to ratchet up scrutiny of the Internet search giant's privacy practices.

The National Police Agency said it is investigating whether the U.S. company collected and stored private information illegally while it prepared for the South Korean launch of its Street View mapping service, which provides panoramic views of streets for Internet...