The company behind the smash hit “Pokémon Go” added Starbucks Corp. to its growing list of corporate partners as it looks for new ways to drive spending inside the mobile game.

More than 7,800 Starbucks locations in the U.S. over the next 12 weeks will be turned into PokéStops or Gyms, where gamers can collect free in-game items or engage in battles. The coffee retailer also will sell a new “Pokémon Go” branded beverage.

“Pokémon...