Huawei, the largest private company in China and second biggest smartphone manufacturer in the world has come under intense scrutiny over claims the company has been used by the Chinese government to spy on other nations.

President Donald Trump issued an executive order Wednesday in the US apparently aimed at banning equipment from Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei from US networks.

It declares a national economic emergency that empowers the government to ban the technology of “foreign adversaries” deemed to pose a national security threat. It does not name specific countries or companies and gives the Department of Commerce 150 days to come up with regulations.

The order addresses US government concerns that equipment from Chinese suppliers could pose an espionage threat to US internet and telecommunications infrastructure.

Huawei, the world’s biggest supplier of network gear, has been deemed a danger in US national security circles for the better part of a decade. Intelligence officials say Chinese economic espionage and trade secret theft is rampant.

US officials have presented no evidence, however, of any Huawei equipment in the US or elsewhere being compromised by backdoors installed by the manufacturer to facilitate espionage by Beijing. Huawei vehemently denies involvement in Chinese spying.

Washington and Beijing are currently locked in a trade war that partly reflects a struggle for global economic and technological dominance.

In a statement, Federal Communications Commission Chairman Ajit Pai called the executive order “a significant step toward securing America’s networks.”

“It signals to US friends and allies how far Washington is willing to go to block Huawei,” said Adam Segal, cybersecurity director at the Council on Foreign Relations. Many in Europe have resisted a fierce US diplomatic campaign to institute a wholesale ban on the Chinese company’s equipment in their next- generation 5G wireless networks.

The order’s existence in draft form was first reported by The Washington Post last June. Segal said that with US-China trade talks at a standstill, the White House “felt the time had finally come to pull the trigger.”

In August 2019, Australia banned Huawei and other companies “likely to be subject to extrajudicial directions from a foreign government” from supplying equipment for the country’s 5G networks.

All major US wireless carriers and internet providers had already sworn off Chinese-made equipment after a 2012 report by the House Intelligence Committee said Huawei and ZTE, China’s No. 2 telecoms equipment company, should be excluded as enablers of Beijing-directed espionage.

It is a “low cost signal of resolve from the Trump administration,” Segal said, noting that there is little at stake economically.

Last year, Trump signed a bill that barred the US government and its contractors from using equipment from the Chinese suppliers.

Only about 2 per cent of telecom equipment purchased by North American carriers was Huawei-made in 2017. The domestic economic impact will be restricted mostly to small rural carriers for whom Huawei equipment in particular has been attractive due to its lower costs. That could make it more difficult to expand access to speedy internet in rural areas.

Blair Levin, an adviser to research firm New Street Research and a former FCC official, said the order is likely to widen the digital divide in the country.

Huawei has used a similar line of attack in its anger over the ban in Australia.

Early this year, the Justice Department unsealed criminal charges against Huawei, a top company executive and several subsidiaries, alleging the company stole trade secrets, misled banks about its business and violated US sanctions on Iran.

The sweeping indictments accused the company of using extreme efforts to steal trade secrets from American businesses — including trying to take a piece of a robot from a T-Mobile lab.

The executive charged is Huawei’s chief financial officer, Meng Wanzhou, who is also the daughter of the company’s founder. She was arrested in Canada last December. The US is seeking to extradite her.