The Union of Concerned Scientists is an advocacy group that was formed in 1969 at MIT to raise awareness about the use of science by the military. The nonprofit organization often speaks out about issues like nuclear proliferation and is still active today. In 2017, the Novak Archive received the group's FBI file through a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request.

In a letter from the FBI, I was informed that 208 pages were reviewed and 195 pages were released, with a large number of redactions. The file shows that from the very beginning the FBI was tracking the organization's efforts and concerned about its dissident activities.

You can read the entire file at Archive.org (Part 1 and Part 2)

OCR version of the document for search purposes:

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOI/PA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET FOI/PA# 1349143-0 Total Dele-ted Page(s) Page 154 ~ Duplicate; Page 155 ~ Duplicate; Page 166 ~ Duplicate; Page 167 ~ Duplicate; Page 168 ~ Duplicate; Page 169 ~ Duplicate; Page 173 ~ Duplicate; Page 174 ~ Duplicate; Page 175 ~ Duplicate; Page 176 ~ Duplicate; Page 189 ~ Duplicate; Page 190 ~ Duplicate; Page 191 ~ Duplicate; XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X Deleted Page(s) X X No Duplication Fee X X For this Page X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

AJRML FHGHt S0BJ1CT: \ /" V* RBF:JV (9) ialized Indexed—;.. iatAcfwtCuHnEcDu ....._ > OPEN f^lfc ORIGIN SERIALIZEDn<S&«Fll,SD £%S>;..,. FL:!i '.-r~ ^ m—NEWYOftK ^ BUPU — i^ i WRU^T^, FBI SAC, fclQf YORK SCIfiiCE VtCTIOH COORDIKATIKG CO*MOT£E}SpNION OF CCNCIMiED SCISJTOTS rojaaa IfJFOSttSIOf. &PKCSHKING b3 b7E _ .andBoston ••'.•. gfrclosed for Bureau /is one copy each ofa"ScienceActionCoordinate Comalttee(8ACC)-Progress Heport* dated 1/6/69, and a letter from the "Industry Liaison Coialttae >f SACCB dated u/lO/69. Also enclosed is one copy each of articles fr«n\tha "New York Times" iaptioned*FoesofAatiwUtrileKetNlncrease inSenate Attacks on Pentagon" and "Humphrey Views Sentinel P3en" froa issues dated 2/2/59 and 2/3/t>9#Vrespectlyely. ftte fhinvm matoiHul MJIK \fym1 *hf>ri t o the KTOon 2/3/69, by a| Is well Imown to the Bureau, She lg advised that she had been a f n ^ e h o r i »K* flnglflaiid MAt^ylAT ffaneamlng the &ACC by an 4-Bureau (Snelc. k) (BM) l^JSoston (ftiels. 4) (Info) (HM) 2-&ew York V (1.62-11243) 3/5/69 iMfeMMMaM— INDEXED ,«.-»«*..

for being absent from worfc on 3/^/$9« ] Washington, D.C. (sueh as, f^i^hay adJElaad t h a t Kanator EUQEKE MC I. She b4 The material calls for a "strike" by the "top scientists and engineers" in the United States on 3/4/69, as a way of protesting the use of science by the military. strike' I lftd3tLsad_that_th. _tne caix ror a He reported to l whlch he did not want to become public [ ] interpreted this"call for a strike" as a direct assault On the miH tary.^ ndimtrlal enmlti of ^he United States by * ttrann ftomnosed of| (such asL _Dik i Santa Ifsuch as Barbara. California (such as Former Secretary of Defense aflnsjgp He NAHASA); andl . ' advised the KYO that aha had haan in tel aphonic contact with the On 2/4/69, under her assumed name &&i sha aisated that she had been advised that a on n/Pf>/iSH. Kho advtgad rc,. on 2/4/69. 1Zl ] as sen Qeneral 3LE0N JOHBSOK. UBAF, retire3d, *"<*! "| Aleo present at thlr meatlng *ereI I -2- resent a t this meeting were t h o s a Sanat.nr (iraQRfiE CAKTHY had I I

k 4 ,——^-r, •Sht advisedon and Former Vice President HUBERT H. b6 b7C b7D _ ^ the Idav nreceding. 11/19/6B, also present at an open meeting ware HUMPHREY^ On 2/V&9* she advlred that she had been In talanhonle enntaot nnaar har aaaumad na»a. with 1 She advised 1HST[ was theson of told her that the! "[California, and lhT ] TKY. Twaacorresponding wlfh" in answer to a Question concerning advised her that Again on 2/4/69. had learned thatI I Tn-WT b6 b7C b7D 1on 11/19 andaD/bPy"? J announced the meettmg on 31/19/68 would be held in the evening at the Hotel Hilton, WYC. Themeetingon11/20/68wouldbeinthemorning,in a to be announced hotel, or TV studio. J Reporter for the "Washington Post", in an article dated 11/20/68, advised that Justice WtHim 0. DOUGLAS Chaired the meeting on 11/19/68, and opened the meeting with a strong attack against an anti- ballisticmissilesystem. Sheadvisedthathafurtherreported that General U3QK JOHHSOH and|_ b6 b7C -3- I J advised thatshe J Istated thaf (2/3/69)". 7 1

. defended the anti-ballistic missile system while an the others attacked it. 1 11/1/68 in tne hotel Hilton. , the attention or tne Director and atatad that, »h« ««•.«< »A compliment the Director for hisI I She further advised that ehe intended to prepare several articles concerning this attack on the United States military industrial complex. b6 b7C b7D advised that the 11/20/6*5 meeting held ,requested that this be brought to -a.

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'PLEASE Dd^llOT-'HEKOVE'— feS SLIP gR0K&%iI3rg ... b3 :m II' 11I', b7E There will be a symposium at 8:00 P.M. in l^?d*oi-kfo-ftl& on Tuesday* evening, March 4th/ on "Public Policy, and the Use and Misuse of Science." It,will consist of an address by representative William Fitts Ryan, a dis- cussion panel of faculty and students, and an opportunity for questions from the^floor. . r This.symposium, is part of a growing movement on campuses aroundthe countrytodesignate.March4thasadayfortheconcentratedconsideration , and discussion of the science policies of the federal government on the uses and.the,administrationofscienceandtechnology. Thismovement,is*anout'-., growth of a long standing concern within the scientific community about these policies. This concern harks back to the closing days of the second world war when there was considerable sentiment among informed scientists againstthe use of £he atomic bomb in Japan; it was a decisive influence on the post-war 'legislation that placed the atomic energy commission under civilian control; it has continueddowntothepresentwhenithasrecentlyplayedanimportantrole in*the-decision-to-suspend and reconsider the deployment of an anti-pallistic- missle system. The scientific community has also long been concerned with the administration of science by the federal government in general, and in particular with the. problems*entailed b y the funding o f research within the university b y various federal agencies.• Divergences of the aims and procedures between the" federal government and the scientific community world, in any event, be exacerbated by the strains evolving from an unpopluar war; the situation approaches the intolerable when placed in the context' of serious domestic problems associated with science and technology and t the threat of a further escalation in the race for weapons of mass destruction. i The purpose of this symposium is toi explore some of these problems. - SMnaas.Lua QaaailJbaa

As members of the Columbia scientific community, we object to the blind and amoral way in which the strengths of science and technology are oriented in our country. Scientists have traditionally felt that in contributing to human knowledge they were advancing Han's happiness. Today, however, that knowledge is too often used to mankind's detriment. Even those of us who are not engaged in the development of nuclear weapons, the manufacture of nerve gas, research for biological warfare, the invention of diabolical hand weapons, and the intensification of the arms race must acknowledge that the forces of greed and destruction are far better poised than those of social betterment to exploit whatever practical application may emerge from our work. Certainly, some human benefits continue to flow from technology. But we cannot escape the, feeling that these benefits are appearing too slowly for the needs of the modern world, and that they would be multiplied many times if the first call on scientific talent and funding were given to the alleviation of poverty rather than the perpetuation of wealth; to feeding the many rather than pandering to the few; to the provision of necessities rather than the invention of luxuries; to the engines of mercy and not of dread. The orientation of technology and the ultimate use of scientific knowledge are determined by political, not scientific decisions. If these decisions are not conciously motivated by a clear intent to improve the lot of mankind, then by default the decisions are made to the, profit of the decision makers and that segment of society from which the decision makers have come. WewillthereforejoinonMarchh, 1969inputtingasideourresearchto express our dissatisfaction with present conditions and to consider alternatives. COLUMBIA SCIENTISTS COMMITTEE ON MARCH k

MARCH FOURTH ONE DAY VOLUNTARY RESEARCH STOPPAGE AT M.I.T., CORNELL, YALE ... AND COLUMBIA! Scientists throughout the nation are beginning to speak out against" the dependence of the sciences on military and industrial interests* It is crucial that as scientists we think critically about the na- ture of our work and its role in society. Many of the problems that confront us are ultimately of a political nature. The idea of a voluntary research stoppage began at M.I.T. and is becoming a nationwide movement. We are callingon scientists and engineers at Columbia to suspend research on March k and join in a critical evaluation of: 1. Antisocial projects, such as the ABM, enlargement of the nuclear arsenal, and chemical and biological weapons research. 2. The effects of channeling on young scientists, engineers, students and teachers by the Selective Service System and the militaristic orientation of our economy. 3 • The application- of science, to urgent social and environmental problems. h* The orientation of research by its military and industrial sponsors0 As scientists and citizens we must define the problems, raise our level of social consciousness, and take vigorous political actions against the increasingly destructive influence of the military-industrial complex at home and abroad. MARCH FOURTH IS A PROTEST AGAINST THE MISUSE OF SCIENCE! MARCH FOURTH IS A RESEARCH STOPPAGE! JOIN US NOW AND ON MARCH FOURTH! Meetings to discuss these'issues and plan for March k'< Tuesdays and Thurdays from now on, 5:00 pm, Room 831, Pupin

~*y>350 (Rev. 7-16-63) several shots 'at ,what he thought were his country's lead- ers? l';,"What* if thafcofficer, instead of having assassination oh his mind, determined .instead. he, - „ • . • • • . / y^A^-a-Out,!. ^yyf~JL>b> the wicked United States? f ,___«TM, ^.(Mount,CllDplna,ln Spaco Below) Army-^Ofilclals «£r.ess-tejpCft'ved by: the previous: "Aa^gjlkTwitlf the~Russians -w«u; ministration: and arelBDfong atjjjjg-rhand tied teiund-jgur vfo^Confiiriae.System forMisstteDefense J By WILLIAM' BEECHERI '••V SpidUtoTfteNew.Yorlcnmw-v / h WASHINGTON, Feb. SWDid you notice the'stpries out of Moscow recently," the Army Jcpiohel began, "where- a Rus- sian army officer dressed, in a police uniform took up a post at the Kremlin gate and fired ( a wide range; of .possible al-*back.' tcrnatives; These,would' include, besides theipresent; system: More than $4-billion has been spent on missile:defense* work over the last 14;-years, culmi-. hatingVin,the.'system'that,is now the center of.increasing controversy. : • ; V *' ",':*"..• QNo missileVdefense'what-J ever-i.In. connection y/ith this option;they,inust'fconsider'the implicationsllof; .such a policy reversal on expected'arms talks with the Russians.-Toiuniiater- ally.reject? or defer deployment work, this'way: Perimeter ac- ;1 of - a «rm*ssifesdefense.' system*quisition radars spread, around might be interpreted by Soviet the periphery of the country leaders as an act of. good faith would scan*the skies, pick up designed to/start talks:, off. on and track incoming warheads the right foot/ bras.an act of while, they were still ia space, weakness, dictated by'domestic many hundreds of miles away; political concerns, thereby" less- : Spartan missiles; would be ening the heed for real arms fired, in an attempt to makein- distant, employing a warhead QClose-ih antimissile missiles at least twice as powerful.as that carried by Minuteman mis- to defend America's deterrent s.iles. " , , . -' forces of Minutemah;missiles a. (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) I control compromises . by the terception ^00 or more miles Russians,,.' ,'* • "-,/.. Certain installations, such, as the Jong-range radars, would be ditiori: to the Sentinel area de-' further protected by high accel-i "• "We assume, they have a very fense system,-, or tar-place of eration. Sprint missiles, which ,tightiaiBafe;system to prevent] such.a.system?;-•-%•• i:; " ..: would attempt to destroy those 'A U h 3Various 'heavierv deploy-) warheads that penetrated, the : such,a;thing. Biit^tKis stpry| 'raises/spnie^doubbi^s-*- ". ^rj merits,-,*with" clbse?jn ,defehse, of) shield of Spartans and entered 25 to; 52. American Cpbpuiatiohl the atmosphere; within 50;.mUes t The tsentbr.*Army" officer; in centers,-fcih:additi6riito,'country-f of, the*,target:/,. '*,. eOS '•':•',; •';:' t.,-. : . r , i .*i'i" * • ' * •" it • tciucns, - in auuuiun to country- Ws.rpundaboutway, was giving. w i d e (defenseVagainstVa; small number ofc "missiles and it:ighu t; lb CommAnistChina ^expected have E5' to 75; first-genera-; fUipther argument'ifor pusMng^ -'•—'-— -•-'-•'— ---' ~ ' <- 1 caj defehse'of.•strategici.fi irces. Itioh"intercontinental Xballistfic ahead with; a, thin missile)^ Such a system;rwould, b r de-1 fejlse around, the,Uriited.Stafles; sijjhed- to reduce„deaths *i l the' Sentinel" would include -missi e Stfch a system;,called-Sentinel* event deterrents, failed ami.nu apears tp;;beita' for the fight clear^war;erupted^ ", " pit its'life in Congress: thisjyeari '** -, .Lean Toward System..;, ' Critics Itiava'raise&questions There* is no firm reason tto about*. .whetherl/.thft', * system believe that Nixon .officials' en? wou'ldvwprK asnadvertisedjev'en ter,the review with their minds sites near at least: 15 lbcalitics: Albany, Ga., Boston, Chicag9, Dallas, Detroit, Grand forks Air Base, Mont, New York,: Oahu, Force Base, N. D„ Los Angeles, Malmstrom. Air^ Force Base, M o n t , N e w Y ork, Oahu, Francisco, Seattle, Sedalia, Mo '•4: H against" Communist,* China's already made up.. But the few early,model missiles, much less statements already- on the rec- and Warren Ah- Force Base, Date: £ T~ fl'-t u the more .sophisticated Soviet brd suggest they lean toward missiles, Whether It might spur going-ahead With at least some the arms race, whether its large form of missile defense.' warheads would* place local In his news, confe'rehce communities in * jeopardy of a tThursday,' ^President*. Nixon nuclear: accident, and whether scorned the notion that Sentinel the billions of dollars involved was designed "simply for the might not be Better spent on purpose of protecting ourselves Wyo. ". ,•s Sites in five or more addi- tional cities ;might, be. added Edition: /^OCfcL Author: ^ ^ H domestic problems, - . ' The Nixpn Administration has called'a temporary halt to fur- ther site'acquisitions and site construction pending a thorough Overlapping^ areas of: cpverr aga from."these, locationsi would provided blanket. pVer the en- tire , country, advocates;, say. (Without SenUnel," a .Red^Chi- fiiest^wrarrorwineT^nnapateff is'dfx could Inflict anywhere frdm Title: Character: or Defense* Secretary. Melvin . R.' Laird. In fact,,all tnatgothalted was iome land clearing at two: sites outside Boston^. Research, development and manufacturing of the system's missiles and radar, continued unabated: Pentagon" sources say Mr"3 Laird'and Deputy Defense Sec- retary David R. Packard have begun to attend a series of in- tensive briefings in which they are^tStJressing the strcEcth and Si [one million, \yith' Spme prpba'T .bility of no deaths;" former jDefense\ Secretary.," CJarlt M. +w?JBa^eX30gO^S3 against attack from Communist China."- - 7.;. Rather, he;.said,'^this system; as are ith'p^s'ystems. that> the Soviet" Union/ has "already 'de- tensed capability:'" This' remark!! - threat- •And Mr. LaW,- in ,«M«»SSSl and other eveh'mor^sophisti- Ue^view b^various wcaponsBc a t e d penetratioxi deviceS o n tsvstcms earlier, saidthat i f ^ 1 "their first, missiles, they might WA states ^JSSH!f*w!rS»'9!'-«ivwuc«r* C l a s s i f i c a t i o n : re-evaluation of the.systeni by ployed^addS to /burJ6ve"&all dcj- ;wou!d be kept to "fewer, than Submitting Office: In brief, it is- designed; to missiles by -the mid-1970's;^ j t T"o defend againstthatthrea I, later, military sources say.'•^ Editor: U'jmillion-tb'23 millibh deaths tin the mid-70's. With it, deaths rCliffofd said in his final' report ! b3 b7E on the nation's, defense.' i" 1 But, critics argue, if the Chi nese incorporate metal chaff StAKCHED. SERIAUZED. 7 INDMtO- 1 I Being Investigated I

(T That is,precisery wny apariam pissues would be plsc^d^ga close to the. population centers^ military men Say. If the Chinese] begin to te§| and deplpy pene-f tration devices,, the United States would^want^tp be able,. by adding '-'close-in, missiles such asSprint; to destroy those jvarheads that,manage to pene- trate the screen of Spartans. f , -Skepticism Voiced I Some ,skep}ics .wonder whether this is hot merely a subterfuge" wherein the Army is really seeking to deploy the "thin" system in such "a way "as to make it a base for ex* banding quickly, into a "thick" system oriented primarily to an! allrput Soviet attack. I (Army experts agree that Sen' jtiriel could later be expanded} Substantially to provide a much jjeavier defeiise% But one key planner insisted: - *•" f "If you told me to plaij a Sen- tinel ^defense as a* first' step Jbward a- heavy defense, I wouldn't locate the first 15 sites as we have done here. .This, is far from .the? optional arranged memX-if we. thought we were {going beyond * it to * a * thlcl: system."' - k ' '. -*; fjfone suchthick system, urget bu the Joint Chiefs of Stafft would provide close-Jn proted; tibn with Sprints for 52 cities, |ts cost Has been estimated variously at $20-billion to $40: billipn by defense officfals.«They price Sentinel at S5-billion,toy S6-billion. ' f The Chiefs' argument for the heavy system is that whije-it might notprepludecpnsiderabie "damage: in the evenfcofall'qut war/itshbul^, save ten's bf.jjiil-1 Wxis-•of.v.'ltves,.'i:Thj»Johnson} ffl^istrafl^^^e^e^T^iW thesis£;hdweyeril insisting! the I Russians would, merelyr;build ; enough additional, ICBM?s to compensate,for.the expensive missile defense. Leavingneither side • more secure, b u t both poorerbyfar.,-. ,, ; ' While the Sentinel system, as now conceived, could not prevent the Soviet Union, with 1.00Q or more ICBM's from overwhelming the defense and killing tens of millions of Amer- icans, i t 'yrould vastly com- plicate a n y Soviet surprise attack, which wquld have to try to destroy America's mis-, siles and bombers to prevent their being launched against targets, in Russia, d^ffia^pf-i fSwals-fiay. They explained ]t\ thisway: .... {-, __-..,i .would*' employ^sev-1 i&jai-iitu<»>v:d Spartan andSpnnty interceptor''missiles.- Conceiv-.( ably.fithen, .they could' destroyi tat Jeastia...couple^ of hundred? incoipirig ;'• warheads, perhaps* mofe.1«Thus;'if the Russians' "were -tb^ consider a surprise attackV-.they could not he sure which warheads might not pen- [etrate and'thus could not know jhowmuch "might come back in [retajiitipn.* r . _-•-< f^J iSprint Missile Role '-By* adding Sprint missiles around" Minuteman sites and bomber bases, at a cost once estimated at $l,5-bil!ion, the [United States could further-in crease theT difficulty" of a sur prise ''attack, presumably then fr increasing, the'value of its de iterfent force to prevent war.- ,, A thin defense also would enable, either country to inter-1 Icept. a-..handful- of ICBM's? ^launched .by accident or by .a fanatic from the'other side. ': 'r; It"would foreclose the possl? bility that" .either nation would make "a so-called "deraonstra^ tiori 'shot" against the territor' cfithe other in" a crisis situa • ; on to prove its>willingness i > i isbrt to "nuclear weapons.' I: |iere \vere a thin defense, ijt would :take scores or. more ICBM's to get. through at one point; the danger that the other side would push ICBM launch buttons' in return, as, soon as the first swarms.of enemy mfs- siles'.appeared on radar, would seem'to preclude such a tactic. -„- Arid* finally, ,thln defenses infi bpth"the United States and .the8 Soyfet tJniori would prevent a third;,cpuntry—whether China, France, Britain or any other that might gain such, a capabil- ity-Afrbm-",either, .attempting nuclear .blackmail by threaten- ing to" destroy Moscow-'or Washington, or trying to'trigger a nuclear war between the two superpQwers by firing a weapon {against one of the countries [that might appear to have come TnnUne ^ o ^ T w ^ S S l jthey has [range^-.^.,.^„,r, .,„,. , nr75uWMo"sm7/nOvb''iIia |jbt be likely to -want to .dismantle what was.built; They note that <has slowed Jnlrieceht months, but they;are:nbt"clear whether this sis%"because;2ot technical problems' or"not.^-^;' ,; ; - | The'advance^Bargaining-po- sition wprked"; out under the Johnson* Administration, it is understood, i'wpuld' have per- mitted thin -missile defense systems m.bpth^nations. ' The United States, is fearful, however, thatvwithbut agree- ment, the Russians may at- tempt to build la- very heavy missile defense, one that would jundercut the;ability..of"Polaris land Minuteman -missiles" to penetrate :Actihg^ori-*that pos- sibility, the. United States has been developing multiple war? heads that, are* designed to be fired iri*swarmsand overwhelm any such system*"Whether sue}) multiple" j, warheads <* ar.e "• dei cC from the other. > J \ ; Danger; off Explosion,*, ; ."" One,', ofsthej' principal wn- cenjs voiced" -by; citizensj' in Chiiago; Boston .and otherj lo- calilies slatedTtofrecelve Sonti- ner sites is* over'the dangei vof accidentalf,; explosion, an 'explosion that;inight, do as ^nuch damage a s ; the, enemy ^warheads that ^are being de- fended ^againstf - - . - ' j Weapons experts point put, in answer, that'an more than 20 years pf handling4 nuclear .weapons ;in-;the;United- States (there has ne^ec been ainucleat explosion,-even Ayhenifires>or 'chenjidai* explosions/^occurred, r . Many oFthe ;-Nike Hercules antiaircraft >;missiles-5tfiat :have heeri#*^deployeay,»fbr;...years raroUnd'BZiHtFesThave'nucletr ^arheads.1 Eactftsubh":.warhead is'designed; they'"-say; so that p cannot be-armed,-.^iiid thus, ;cannbt explode,"in a'nuclear reactibh lyMe^n the silo or iwhile. being- transported to or from a missilej site,- JEven after:.* a' Spartan or Sprint missile has been Jaunch^d its will not arm until It has flown a prescribed dis- tance to a "safe" altitude dn a controlled flight path. -. [ To'prevent,'an.inadvertent launching, a number of steps must be followed jn. sequence pn the ground even" to open the circuits, that ^ould, allow, launching power and launchingJ 1; 5lgnals.:to* reach" the:'rnissilM "ierts* -sayy"!-" ••"""'I Look.tp Arms Talks- It Is because of such factors that many Pentagon officials have argued that a thin missile defense increases the stability of the mutual deterrent exist- Sng-h.atu.-een the Un'tpd-Siatgs UndUha^SojaetJInion. • -.» . , v| Soviet *xonsfriictipji -activity r ployed would»also TJQ«a; key 1 subject.^ considered at.; arms talks, tycy^ay?'-f;?Q:'~-: ;."-'' •11mil"i '"• .•"nI

E irawiCE Researchers at M.I.T., Yalej and Cornell Plan a Day's 1 Continued iFrom Page I, Col. 7jlargely kept aloof from queV Stoppage on March 4 w ; planner, is scheduled to join in associations are a more proper j * By WALTER SULLIVAN * t A plan for a one-day "re-| •search stoppage" March 4 to" protest Government "misuse' iof science and technology has ;spread from the Massachusetts' institute of Technology to two .other universities, and the 'movement appears to be still growing. About 45 professors at M. I.T. are sponsoring the demonstra-i 'tion. According to its organizers,; simultaneous one-day stoppages) are now also planned at Cornell; and Yale Universities, while 'professors and students at Jother universities engaged in Government research have ^started drives to join the pro^ [test. . Prominent among the issues )s the Government's planned ideployment of a "thin" anti-J (ballistic missile system, or ABM, ostensibly directed against pos-j sible Chinese attack. Opponents argue that such a system will! drain funds from urgent social1 problems, that it will intensify the arms race and that it was "chosen out of political expedi-j ency despite what they regard as technical evidence of its futility. During the March 4 stoppage, prominent speakers will argue against an ABM system and will also seek to stir interest in projects of social benefits > | .Thus, at M.I.T.cJifi,wjs lMu; However, last night the so< I tSeorge S. McGovern, Democrat ciety's governing council said , *of South Dakota, will speak on it would attempt to include a |oj£i* "the architect and city tions .that were not purely scientific, arguing that other, j £ discussion of what can bevehicle for such discussions, j | the problem of "reconversion"technical discussion of anti-j f "from military expenditures in ballistic missiles in the pro- J done for the cities, and Senator 1 Vietnam to support of urgent '.domestic needs, gram of its spring meeting in Washington. It referred the, plea for a new division of the, society to a special committee| I At yesterday's session of the •American Physical Society at .the New York Hilton Hotel, ^ome participants were wear- ing "Stop ABM" buttons. Others wore butons that said ness meeting of the society, f'March 4 — MIT," indicating Tuesday evening, the council* their support of the research Stoppage. Plans for the March 4 dem pnstration were disclosed by some of its organizers at a news conference yesterday at fthe ADbey Victoria Hotel, 51st Street and Seventh- Avenue. ^The news conference was called (by the organizers of another also agreed to ballot the so- ciety's 25,000 members on the; plan to hold in Chicago tha meeting scheduled for a year from now. The site has been' opposed because of violencei that occurred in Chicago dur^ ing the Democratic National Convention last August. • Among the goals of the pro-j „'...: Znr't.'-en'i wZn" « testers at M.I.T. is the discon-j inuance f ^...s i^enXtisWts f£o/.s'tpcoiail^an£di.P!otlit?i ° academic credit fW Jcjgntisiaipisocial and Pohti- laboratories. n t ?TOtestet« icangjtEj^ .. also oppose the granting of de-' "jeTatter was formed Tues '" grees for secret work and wouM day night at a meeting held at terminate any research in M.I.TJ the New York Hilton parallel laboratories related to the anti-t with" sessions of the American ballistic missile project Physical Society. It was an j The issue of military involve-! nounded that about 100 of [ment arose at the meeting of; those in attendance paid a $5 the American Association of initiation fee. • Physics Teachers, Jfgld in con-, • A petition signed, it was said, junction with the>Physical So- by about .500 members of the ciety meeting. One of the par-; Physical Society .was presented ticipants, pKurt Vonnegut Jr., aj yesterday to the society's ,gov- science fiction writer, s{$oke*"bn* erning council. It requested "The Virtuous Physicist." , ( that a new division be created At a 'news conference he, within the society to serve as was asked what he meant by a[ a forum for discussing such 'virtuous' physicist "T £ I Questions as the technical mer- . . J "One," he said, "who de-j its of the* ABM. The society until now has!dines to work on weapons." rtg/U'r-Bt-""-*"* As a consequence of resolu- tions passed,at a stormy busw

®M %' AXRTSL VOl 0XWBCTOR, FBI / SAC, HBf TOW SUBJXCft SCHWCE ACTIO* COOBDINATINO CflMjggnSBj UXXOM OF COHCIRMED SCXSMTISTS IWORMATION coHCtmoso BeWYalrtel dated 2/5/69, with enclosures. Inclosed Is one copy of an article entitled "Strike to ftrotest •Misuse* of science by Walter auiilvan from the Wf Times, 2/6/69V fieferenfled alrtcl set forth information from concerning allegation of captioned organisations spearheading a disruptive program within the United States military - industrial complex by means of the current anti~balllstlc-*mi*sile (ABM) system cci* / troversy. On a/U/69,[ noted that one of the referenced enclosures was an article written by JOW W. Ttxm In the "Hew TorK Times' issue of 2/2/69. 4-Bureau (Seels. 1) (KM) L*100-3*il71) b6 b7C b7D i« fork iw York /• (62-U243) WEFtbkw p l-Lp. #33 l-Sup. #34 b3 b7E S/13/89 1 '- 1 •.....-.

ftT eX t b6 b7C b7D la a friend She stated that she based this characterisa- tion on the followingi I the aniead gtatea could bestow an a civilian ror ma work mal j "during »^* Korean eenfTI^lI ««« 5 «»** •ftrtt WMJ^coPMUBondrt: In Korea *nd | with a proposition that" If the lat- Idefected to the Morth Koreans, parti- b l e rly srnM-Tf: mma he would receive anything he de- sired, [reportedly told I |that this the first time he had the desire to strangle some- after receiving this proposal. eftBradtemea to atjota har tiae of •tratw. language, as 'lesion tIEE a s s i - g * n e d a s a " M e w Y Y p ^ y Wl * * ' P M^ ^ — f , dmecrpiedi -2- Upon |return to the United States, he was -.. - „ for i brief period_Jtt "Me* York Times" ±ne.jttae-llk as |with the p i?*- noted that I ] for about two years* |_ b6 b7C b7D b6 b7C b7D approached terj continued that was Me>•^" <«m»iiw«ttr»iad»arnit t o LUI amvJ: (dtarmany as being of ana~lttrlbuted on the

jnr "Mew York Times" "Ouban Desk" tthich helped to influence the policy of the United States State Department prior to the *d»*tr© revolt"* , reportedly, &Uted states> went to b6 b7C b7D *muT atj^v" an hla Tork Times'', and,to;d_Jiii_sifljm_oi: of the 3 _ referred I to" Yatsuot, stated "that • a Uas subsequently lupah heering anA mUkad «•*». r ladvised that she was furnishing the above for information and to place in perepective the background of the individuals writing for the "Mew Tork Times" concerning the anti-ballistle-miaslle system controversy* The Mew York Office desires to bring to the Bureau's attantlim a n/traeraph on page C tr*m \fa re- oejE$_ * SAl » •B o a m r d l n * r . [ Tdated 9A" /60, captioned IS- r b6 b7C b7D aa investigation is being conducted by WFO regarding at this&tme* However, the Bureau should note snet in the case entitled »Leak of Information, Me- tlenal Security Council Regarding Mu lear Test Bub- "*' "In*Me«YorkTimes',8AVo9jEspionage-X», Is suspected as the possible auth>r of the article* is considered to be an informed writer on the banning"of ns»lesr testing and hss covered ne- gotiations between the OS - USSR in Q&mva, Switzerland."M The above Information was accepted by the lew YorK Offlee from. mittedtotheBureauasreceived* Mofurtheractionis being contemplated by the Mew York Office but the Mew York Office will accept any additional information she furnishes for transmittal to the Bureau. -3. »g*»*r> fcr> *h» Jand isbeingtrans-'

This Information Is being reported because of the current anti-balllstlc-mlesile systems pub *Antrrworsy« The Mew York Office recognizes that l i s araaaaatlvl j However, tne enclosed Ubf I haarmt tunmncorroboratedandthesourcesofI I _, MWStt C< | However, the enclosed SnTarBMEnsn It Information be protected in the event the Bureau con- siders dissemination necessary, I Ihave not been evaluated* Therefore, tieMew York Offlee reeosnwaen that the source of the enclosed - H-

^ EFBI—NEW YORK airtel To; SA€s, Boston Albany from: Mrector, FBI MARCS 4, 1908, BBBBARCS 8YR18R BY TUB uMIOS OB S5BSD: 2/ge/€§ BeBYairtel Z0/Q9, copies of which verm furnished to Boston, captioned **feienee Action Coordinating Committeej Union of Concerned Scientists, * »• JCiBnp> v U v 4wSm«B(w^e*mssBs vf^de^BHsa vfmt i ^ «Rvnwe**s^y amassm jMW^ff wses w v r n s • captioned airtel reported that the Union of Soleaittists (UCS), which is composed of faculty nemhers and graduate students and which Instndes seedlessof tne Science Action CcordiaetAmg ^emmlt^e (3ACC), i s organising a one- day resoarcli strike for 3/4/SB. Tnsse groups are based at its Institute of Technology (KIT), Cambridge, fcts. The purpose of this one-day strike is to organise scientists and engineer® against the "increasing military involvement In scientific ressareit." "The Bow fork Times,w %/Wm, reports that researchers at BIT, Yale Snlversity, and Cornell UaivecBity are supporting this All offices are to immediately determine the eurreat status of this matter AmJtheir respective ares and are to furnisb tne information to the Bureau tn a form suitable for be advised. This information is to fee fmrnistsed to the fey the slese of fe^inmss syfO/03, 2/l4/#w

Airtel to SAC, ES: saRCM4,1B09,RSSRARCBSYMISJS BY TBS vmm Of is designated as office of as the s this mtriko are MIT. «B-

FD-350 (Rev. 7-16-63) (Mount Clipping In Space Below) r Jroups:'p^stodents arid'.professors-at BIIT. arid-Cprnen.: *ala Universities,plan to halt research work for one" dayi ;~ .pn^Iarch 4;to protest wha^they term,government "misuse".*-L- i-oysclehcovin making,weapons -arid in*coinmercial,areas a'ffe'ctvf-•• v ingaff andi water'pollution.', • --„ t ' ; , , » ' % i'J */''*$, 1/ .Organizersi sayother universities across the nation may, c" | Join the!demonstration,, which %vill focus .especially, on the? u v f. goyernmehtTs^planned*, dcploymentr of. a 'ithiir?^antibailistic,^ J ^missile system'<as"a move that will intensify the arms* race.and?: '~":' £; t drain money'from programs aimed at social problems'./, : j % ; f>;*. .TOe^ncrican-Physical Sodety also has- formed^ a 'protest >< moyemcnfcMo'alert the natl6n to the dangers faclng^it from*v ( 4 I- the pollution of tiia;air, water and soil, to the grovving menace— [ of nuclear," chemical and, biological warfare, and to.the-wastin'gi•"-' • of vast sunig- of federal.money on- useless and c.ven,dangerous"^' _ • weapons." , . V >-»•«./ & ' V. .".-"' i --'?"""•' 'V/*'.!%.' - -r—'^'Jr-TlJ •V /<./<(o<j Date: Edition Author: Editor: Title: Character: or Classification: Submitting Office: I | Being Investigated aMED_-JHDBID, \ 1.iJ I .. ,, (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) /Wkw ^ %*-£ FBI— NEW YORK.-J-;

I E Researchers at M.I.T., Yale and Cornell Plan a Day's ; -Stoppage.on;March4 By^WALTER SULLIVAN A plan for a one-day "re- search stoppage" March ,4, to protest5 Government ''misuse" of- science and technology has spread from the Massachusetts Instftute»of Technology to two other- ^uniyefeities, and the movement appears to be still growing^-V- v -.'• jAbpu0}5;pjr6fessors afMvI.T, are ;SRpnsoring:; the-demonstras tiort. •'----?. : */';;'" -'• -1 :; According* to its .organisers, simultaneous pnejday stoppages are-Awv^also'planned', at Cornell and\Y ale':Universities,, while professofe and,', students';, at other- universities engaged in Government' research . have started drives""to,join the pro test.. ,':' "•'.',;„ Prominent among the issues is *the^ Government's" planned deployment: of a "thin" anti' ballistic missile system; or, ABM, ostensibly directed against pos- sible Chinese attacfc'Opporients argue; that such, a, system will draiti';funds- from urgent social problems;>thaj;4t will-; intensify the arVns: race and that it was choseriYout of political expedi ency despite"what they regard as technical flvidence of its futility. , During the March 4 stoppage, prominent*sp'eakers will argue against an ABM system and will also seek, to stir interest in projects of social ^beliefit. ; Thusi at M-'LT.'> Lewis Mum ! Continued on Page 39, Column =3 p. Researchers Plana Sieppuge (. # }-> Plans for the March 4 dem^ meetings s"chedulea',-fors: a iyear r'v;onstratlon were-') disclosed by from no% The site has been 'some of; its organizers a t a opposed; because' of violence ;news conference yesterday at that occurred in:,Chicago dur- the Abbey Victoria Hotel, 51st ing the Democratic/National Street-"-'and'v Seventh Avenue. Convention- last: August, : The news-conference was called • Among, th&'goals of the pro- j, by -the prganize/s of another testers a t MJX,is; the. discon- protest movement? known, as tinuance-of. academic, credit for "ScientL«its:focSjej.aJ,andPoliti- laboratories.. The,:":.protesters calActiojiif • v. , • also oppose the granting-of, de- T h e ' latter was formed Tues- grees for secretwdrkand.would day night at a. meeting held at terminate any research in M.I.T, ' the 'tfew York Hiltom parallel laboratories related, to the anti- with.session's of the American ballistic missile project.,, r -• oProtest 'Misuse* of Science '.tJf, •: I Continued From Page 1, ;CoK 7 largely "kept aloof: frpm 'ques- tions « t h a t were.'tno*-'*"Purely [ ford; the- architect and* city scientific, arguing; that, other I planner, is<scheduled to join inassociations arka-niore'proper j a. discussion- pf .what can be vehicle for jsuch discussions; ' done for the cities,, and Senator However, last night the so* |GeorgeS.-McGovern,.Democratciety's governing'council said [ of South Dakota, will speak on it would attempt |o!- include a I the problem of "reconversion" technical .discussion•" of anti- from military? expenditures in ballistic* missiles in the pro- , Vietnam, to support, of urgent gram of, its* spring meeting In : ' domestic* needs. - / ' , ' A t yesterday's'session of the plea for a newMivisidn of the American ^Physu/al^SpCietv at society ,to a special committee. tEerWew^YffijHJm^H THotei; , some participants, were wear- tions passed .at a stormy busi- i n g - "Stop/-. ABM" , buttons. ness;, meeting of. the society ' Others Wre* butons that said Tuesday "evening,- the council "March./!'— MIT," indicating also agreed -to*, ballot .the so- <their support of the research ciety's 25,000 members on the ? stoppage," . plan? to hold in'Chicago the 1 : , . ' , Physical* Society*. It.-' was an-...The.issueof-mjlitary-involye- nounced" that",about -• 100 of meht arose at/the meeqngV.of those in attendance"paid a $5 the' Americarr'Association of initiation feeU* ^ >,'," •*' . , / / Physics^xeathers. held in^on- A petitloh"signedf it was, said,' junction ,withB the. Physical So- by about 500 members "of the ciety meeting. One i>lthe par- Physical Society was presented ticipants, Kj£LBJffieguMrv,, * yesterdaytt^the,society^ gov=- science fiction'wrijter; spoke; on ernirig cc%ejC'V'It- requested that a*nev/'divjsion be created "The?Virtuous .PIysicist", within; the Society, to serve as At a news c< riference he a forum^f^rolscussingt such was asked what h rmeant by a questions ,as,the.technical mer- virtuous physicisr its of the ABM. 'th. » "One," he; said, "who de- The socfefy^jjinltl" now has clines to work on weapons." r tVOl^^^T^MjUA. . INDZX'ED S£RfALI?ED^S(LE0j J2L^N£vv YORK ~T2P Washington. It referred t h e As a consequence of resold

FD-3S0 (Rev. 7-16-63) I % (Mount Clipping in Space Below) ;The Massachusetts Institute of Technology^.' 1 leading* university * recipient o f D(!partment, support for scientific work; will be hit; by a partial research stoppage .-March 4. Graduate? . students arid faculty members" (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) organizing the stoppage expect researchers: at, 1 Cornell, Yale and other universities to undertake "similar actions t h e same day., j . -! The: idea for this "practical and symbolic"; act appears to have originated: with graduate, students' In ,.;the MIT * physics,, department opposed, to. scientific,suppprt' for. the Vietnam wijr and^to"; theV- control .exercised by .they SmectiyeiSenfice/ System "qver. worfrof young!-; scientists and* engineers:- .it: spread to: oth'eti departments i i d to the faculty'.; : .' •'" ./ . J: Acc'ordihg''to the-Jam*24,:issue.of Science,- organ, of the} American;-Association' for the , Advancement, of:. Science, the-statement urges.' scientists "to convey,to bur.students the hope- that they devote themselves to bringing the tjenefits of science and technologytO'lhanklnd, and-ask them to scrutinize;the issues .;,. before I anticipating *iu the construction of destructive weapons systems";- * t o . express.,, "determined opposition to ill-advised and,hazardous projects such as the ABM [antiballistic missilej system, the^enlargement of*oucnuclear arsenal and the development of chemical and biological weapons"; and "to devise means for turning research applications away from the present overemphasis oh military1 technology towards the solution * of pressing, environmental and socialproblems." *-«!•/' 'f A letter to t h e editbr-of Science'described the faculty statement a's a, declaration of intent 'ito halt research activitiesfor aday and devote tjjis day to a public discussion of problems and dangers related- to the* present role of science :i and technology in the life of bur nation. - 'n Defense'^ tjj Date: Edition: Author: Editor: Title: C h a r a c t e r : or Classification: Submitting Office: | | Being Investigated S£AraHiB_.ND£X£D_ {' cB X6 ULJ FBI-NEW YORK A /"/'

-*y-'-*"'f"- "-*• Plans, for,March 4 call;fbrJ'Seri:'George , M<|Goyern (D-S.D.) to speak* on*:conversion.of tiiii U.S.. economy,'.fromf military- to\civilikn - f=r production, Gornell physicist^Hans Bethe jpri * t\l& antiballistic, missle,**- -Harvard bioiojast Matthew Meselsph, on chemical."and biological' warfare, political f scientist Gar; Alperovitz on; scientists, and, the atomic "bomb; and MIT . linguist Noam Chomskyvon4he responbility of theihtellectuabPanelslwffi^ wbrld.fpod crisis*urban;prpblemsJahd;finding npndefense. employment /for^scientists'. arid engineers.* , V vV^{*'v">.^jv.," '"'""." *' '; .Although, the,planning fj.beingtonducted;by a- steering cbmmittee^witK'membersliip, equally divided between graduate students-and faculty,* the; decisions to hold; extensive";discussion^; of ' tei|hriolb|ical problem-solving; is""pfimairiiy ,& .reilectipri,of faculty priorities.'"^./.;/.. .'< * < -.>rfi*-- -- . ^

In Reply, Please Refer to File No. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF.JUSTICE i '• FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION New York, New York . February 19, L969 NY file 100-10:.3441 March 4, 1969, Research Strike Organized By the Union of Concerned Scientists The.'J'Daily World" issue of February 18, 1969, on page 3i columns four and five, contained an article captioned "Strike',to Hit Science Use for Warfare" which states as follows: . / I "Science students, and profes.3ors will engage in a one-day 'research strike1 March 4 to protest the inhumane and wastefjul use of technology. The id'ia for the action originated at Massachusetts Institute for Technology last fall and has now spread to Yale, Cornell and other schools. 11 !' "According to a member of the MIT Science Action Coordinating Committee, the idea for th.5 strike emerged out of a series of discussions at that? campus on the ideas ex- pressed by Sov:',.et physicist Andrei1 Sakhirov. "Las1. summer, a lengthyl essay by Sakharov appeared in the New Yorl; Times, Entitled 'Thoughts on Progress, Peace- ful Coexistent1 and Intellectual Freedom1 The essay called for cooperatioi. between the Unite'd Statjs and Soviet Union .in the scientiJ'ic and technological fields. Sakharov suggested that the p!robl< ms of hunger, overpopulation, disease and polluticn necessitated siich cooperation. j " l n 1 .ddition to expressing thjse ideas, Sakharov's essay .also mairitained that capitalismhad proven itself capable of alleviating the oppression of working' people and that racism in the 1'.S, was a problem among white workers which the This document^contains neithq recbmmendatior.s nor conclusio^^'5"--. r ! ! il l of the FBI.- It is *,fce properrftfyt^"'-^l«l2D£ZD^Z^^fiLrX^^Z of the I'3T ar.d is levied to jjour prrr agency; i t asd i t s contents are rai-. not to be distributed outside ""*' your agency. - ' ^ p - - NEWyostr. i • U ^—?— -•---•/<!-.. j—, ~

March 4, 1969," Research Strike Organized By the Union of Concerned Scientists t -.". "'ruling class was seeking to eliminate. These and similar formulations created criticism of Sakharov's essay in the Soviet Union ard among Marxists in the United States. "Last fall, members-of the MIT Physics department initiated the.discussions which were open to the entire MIT 1 community. One student activist described these sessions as a lliberal cold'war forum.' "But 3.ast in November a discusnion was held on the Sakharov paper as the basis for action and the idea emerged for the research strike. By early January more than 100 faculty member?;had signed the call for the action. "The call"says, in part, that 'through its actions in Vietnam our government has shaken oux*. confidence in its ability to make wise and humane decisions'. • "Holding it is no longer possible for them to remain silent, the scientists declare their intent to 'initiate a critical and continuing examination o? governmental policy in all areas where science and';technology are of actual or potential significance.' . • • "The scientists go on to call for an end to the 'overemphasis on military technology' to be replaced by research for solving social problems. They express their opposition to the ABM system, 'the enlargement of our nuclear arsenal, and the development of chemical and biological weapons.' "Two groups are now organizing for the March 4 action, the Union of Concerned Scientists and the Science Action Coordinating Committee." The "Daily World" is an East Coast Communist newspaper. The "Guardian" issue of February 15, 1969* on page 10, columns one through three, contains an article captioned "Work Stoppage Threatens MIT", which states as follows: .

• ..••'.* March 4, Research Strike. Organized By the Union of Concerned Scientists "The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, leading * university recipient of Defense Department'support for scientific work'j will be hit by a partial research stoppage March 4. Graduate students and faculty members organizing the stoppage expect researchers at Cornell, Yale and other ^universities to.undertake similar actions the same day. "The" idea for this.-.'practical and symbolic' act appears to have originated with graduate students in the MIT physics department opposed to scientific support for the Vietnam war and to the control exercised by the Selective Service'system over work of young scientists and engineers. It spread to otner departments and to the faculty. "According-to the Jan. 24 issue of Science, organ of the American Association for-'the Advancement of Science the statement urges scientists 'to convey to our students the hope that they devote themselves to bringing the bene- fits of science and technology to mankind, and ask them to scrutinize the issues...before participating in the construction of destructive weapons systems'5 to express 'determined oppositic to ill-advised and hazardous projects such as the ABM (anti- ballistic missile) system, the enlargement of our nuclear arsenal and the development of chemical and biological weapons'5 and 'to devise means for turning research applications away from the present overemphasis on military technology towards the solution of pressing environmental and social problems.1 "A letter to the editor of Science described the faculty statement as a declaration of intent 'to halt research activities for a day and devote this day to a public discussion for problems and dangers related to the present role of science and technology in the life of our nation. "Plans for March 4 call for Sen. George Mc Govern (D-S.D) to speak on conversion of the U.S.- economy from military to civilian production, Cornell physicist Hans Bethe on the antiballistic missle, Harvard biologist Matthew Meselson on chemical and biological warfare, political scientist Gar Alperovitz on scientists and the atomic bomb, and I ;

I March 4, Reseaich Strike Organized By the Union of Concerned Scientists MIT linguist Ncam Chomsky on the responsibility of the intellectual. Panelsjwill be conducted on the world food crisis, urban problems and finding nondofense employment for scientists and engineers. "Although the planning is /being conducted by a steering committee with membership equally divided between graduate students and faculty, the decision to hold extensive discussion of technological problem-solving is primarily a reflection of faculty priorities."( A characterization of the "Guardian" is attached hereto. -. v [The ''New York Post", a New York City. (NYC) dailynewspaper,issueofFebruary'6,1969*on P&gethree, column four, contains an item captioned' "The Professors' Protest", which states as follows:/ "Groups of students and professors at MIT and Cornell and Yale Universities plan to halt research work for one day on March 4 to protest! what they term government 'misuse' of sc5enee in maling weapons and in commercial areas affecting air and water pollution. .["Organizers say other universities across the nation may join the demonstration, whichj will focus especially on the government's p3,anned deployment of a 'thin' antiballistic missile system as a move that will intensify the arms race and drain mones-' from programs aimed at social problems. "The American Physical Society also has formed a protest movement 'to alert the nation to the dangers facing it from the pollution of the air, water and soil, to the growing menace of nuclear, chemical and biological warfare, and to the washing of vast sums of federal money on useless and even-dangerous weapons.'!1 The "New York Times" issue of February 6, 19&9* o n page one, column seven, contains an item captioned "Strike to Protest .'Misuse' of Science" with the sub-caption "Researchers At M.I.T., Yale, and Cornell Plan a Day's Stoppage on March 4" by Walter Sullivan. This item states in part as follows:

March 4, 1969, Research Strike Organized By the Union of Concerned Scientists I "A plan for-a one-day 'research stoppage' March to protest Governmentj 'misuse' of science and technology has spread from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to two other uriversities, and the movement appears to be still growing. ! ' " "About 45 professors at MIT are sponsoring the demonstration". >"•' "According to. its organizers,, simultaneous one-day * stoppages are now also planned at Cornell and Yale Universities while professors and students at other universities engaged in Government research have started drives to join the protest. "Prominent among the issues is the Government's planned deployment of a 'thin' anti-ballistic missile system, or ABM, ostensibly directed against possible Chinese attack. Opponents argue that such a system'will drain funds from urgent social problems, that it will intensify the arms race and that ±p was chosen out of political expediency despite what they regard as technical evidence of its futility.. "During the March 4 stoppage, prominent speakers will argue against an ABM system and will also seek to stir interest in projects of social benefit.., •"At yesterday's session of the. American Physical Society atI the New York Hilton Ho ;el, some participants were wearing 'Stop ABM' buttons. Others wore buttons that said 'March 4 - MIT,' indicating their(support of the research stoppage. "Plans for the March 4 demonstration were disclosed by some of its organizers at a news conference yesterday at the Abbey Victoria Hotel, 51st Street and Seventh Avenue, " The news conference was called by the organizers of another protest movement, known as 'Scientists for Social and Political . Action'. "The latter was formed Tuesday night,at a meeting held Tuesday night at a meeting held at the Nev; York Hilton parallel with sessions of the American Physical Society. It was announced that, about 100 of those in attendance paid a $5 initiation fee... "Among the goals of the protesters at M.I.T. is the discontinuance of academic credit for laboratories. The

March 4, 1969, Research Strike Organized By the Union of Concerned Scientists protesters also opposed the granting of degrees for secret v/ork and would terminate any research in M.I.T. laboratories related to the antiballistic missile project." Sources of the New York Offee, who are familiar with "New Left" and other subversive activity were contacted during February, 1969, with respect to the research strike set for March- 4-, 1969, as referred to above, arri advised thai/ they had 'no-- information with respect to this proposed activity in the NYC area. <'-; -6- •

1. AMERICAN LABOR PARTY - . • • March 4, 1969, Research Strike Organize 1 By the Union gi Concerned Scientists APPENDIX •' ' • I I The "Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications," revised and published as of December 1, 1961, prepared and released by the Committee on Un- American Activities, United States House of Representatives, Washington, D.C, contains the following concerning the AmerJLcan Labor Party: ^ "AlJEI&CAN LABOR PARTY •1. 'Foryears,theCommunistshaveputforth the greatest efforts to capture the entire American Labor Party throughout New York State. They succeeded in capturing the Manhattan and Brooklyn sections of the \f American Labor Party but outside of Nev; York City they have been unable to win< control. * j, (Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19^, p. 78.) i| '2. 'Communist dissimulation extends into the field of political parties forming political front organizations such as the * * '* American Lab'or Party. The Communists are thus enabled to present their candidates for elective office under other than a straight Communist label,' (Internal Security Subcommittee of the !' Senate Judiciary Committee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc.117, April 23, 1956, p.91.)" On October 7, 1956, PETER HAWLEY, New York State' Chairman, American Labor Party, publicly announced the American Labor Party State Committee unanimously approved a resolution dissolving the organization,and ordering the liquidation of its assets. ' -7-

1. •• ;• » • .• - ' =' / ' • March 4, 19o9, Research Strike Organize! By the Union pi'Concerned Scientists APPENDIX THE "GUARDIAN" FOhkSRBY KNOWNAS "NATIONAL GUARDIAN" WEEKLY GUARDIAIJ ASSOCIATES, INCORPORATED! •_ ' |; The "Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publica- tions"; revised and published as of Decembjr 1, 1961, prepared and released by tlie Committee on Un-American Activities, United States House of ^Representatives, Washington, "D.C., contains . the following concerning the "National .Guardian": "'»•;'/V / ' - ' - "1. ...'established by the American Labor Party in 19^7 as a "progressive" weekly...it has manifested itself from the beginning as.a virtual official propaganda arm of Soviet Russia."•' •'v . j The February 3, 1968 issue of "the "National Guardian" announced that asofthe issue ofFebruary 10,1968,the "National Guardian" would henceforth be known as the "Guardian". i< The February 10, 1968 issue- of the "Guardian" is self- described asan."Independent radicalJ'newsweekly" and is published byWeeklyGuardianAssociates,Incorporated. The"Guardian"' lists its address as 197 2ast ^th Street, New York, New York. The February 12, 1968, is^iue^of the ||New York Tikes" '.vcarried. an article entitled, "Radic? 1 Editors Say Their Job Is In 'Movement'". *.Chis article statect that the first issue of the "Guardian" was dedicated by the paper's staff "To those -heroic Liberation fighters who last week b„e_g„-a.n_ .a -major offensive against American Imperialism* in South Vietnam." This article ouoted one of the editors as saying that "Our job is to build a Radical Movement. To quote the Cuban revolutionaries, we are not only to write about it, but also to move along with it—we are movement people acting as journalists." . "The 'Guardian,' takes a strong left position, but it is not identified with any organized group because it believes that an American left id'ooloey is still in* the making. One of its purposes is to break away frota-the cliches.of the left : ideology of the past." -8-

March 4, 1969, Research Strike Organized By the Union of Concerned Scientists ! 2. "THE "GUARDIAN" CONT'D APPENDIX This article concluded by stating that tiie "Guardian" is considered the largest radical weekly in America. A characterization of the American Labor Party is attached separately. _Q*_ •9

FD-36 (Rov. 5-22-64) Transmit the following in PLAINTEXT Via AIRTEL TO: DIRECTOR, FBI FROM: SAC'. NEW YORK (Type in plaintext or code. (Priority) (?) Approved: »•' I- Sent .M Per Special Ag< nt in Charge SUBJECT: MARCH 4, 1969, RESEARCH STRI.CE - ORGANIZED BY THE UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS IS-MISC. (00:BS} ReBuairtel, 2/14/69. # FBI Date: 2/19/69 Subnitted herewith for the Boreau are 11 copies of an LHM, concerning the one day strike on 3/4/69, to organize scientists and engineers against the "Increasing military invo.'.vement in scientific research" to be conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Yale University and Cornell University, as well as" possibly spreading " to other areas of the!US. The files of the NYO contain no pertinent informa- tion with respect to the Union of Concerned Scientists, the Science Action Coordinating Committee, or Scientists for Social and Political Action. Information in the files of the NYO reflect that GAR ALPEROVITZ mentioned in the attached LHM, is a fellow of tie Institute of Politics at Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. The sources of the NYO familiar with "New Left" and other subversive activities, who were contacted during the peraod 2/L7-19/69, with respect to the research strike set for 3/4/69, and could currently furnish no information on this matter were: 3- Bureau (ENOLS.ll) (RM) 2- Albany (ENCLS.2) (RM) 2- Boston (EN^LS.,2) (RM) '©WSew Haven (ENCLS.2) (RM) J^^New York EKD;amb ( 1 2 ) ! Fi^i-- K. ,v ,tvay ;-'.. 1.. j &&<7.. , "«&k

Jj f NY ;••..' ** In*addition, the following individuals v;ho are affiliated with educational institutions in the NY area, and whose identity must be concealed, were contacted: Brooklyn, NY NYC ?• • NY (Confidential source under development) NYC (Confidential source under development) NYC (Confidential source under development) All of the foregoing sources, although they / could furnish no information on this matter, YJheh'* contacted _2_

*4 were alerted a/id advised that they would promptly advise the NYO should any information concerning the March 4, 1969 "stoppage" com3 to their attention. LEADS: ALBANY AT.'ALBANY,' NEW YORK. Will follow and report on any activity, concerning the March 4, 1969 research strike at Cornell University. / 2." Will furnish any information suitable to characterize Cornell Physicist HANS BETHS, who is mentioned in the at cached LHM, as a speaker"on 3/4/69. BOSTON AT BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. Will follow and report on any activity concerning 3/4/59," at t*ie Massachusetts Institute of Technology or in Cambridge area. 2. W:'.ll furnish any information available suitable to characterize: Harvard biologist MATTHJSW MESELSON, or on Political Scientist GAR ALPEROVITZ or MIT Linguist NOAM CHOMSKY, mentioned in the attached LHM as speakers on 3/4/69, NEW HAVEN jjAT NFW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, Will follow and report any activities in Nev; Haven area concerning proposed ! 3/4/69 research strike. NEW YORK - AT NFW YORK, NEW YORK. Will"follow and report on any activities in NY area concerning proposed 3/4/6*9 research strike.

ricfti :i-i AU^HJRITV EERIYEC r ? e : : rccisTi: ui-LA==iii;:ATice GI HI.:-: os-; ;t ? BIT: In Reply,PleaseReferto File No. 43." 5 52Iff UNITED STATES DEP ARTMENT OP JUSTICE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGA TION • Boston, Massachusetts February19,1969 SCIENCE ACTION COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SACC) •UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS (UCS) /#*- Committee Name Undergraduate Canvass Graduate Canvass b3 b6 b7C b7E Faculty Canvass Day Activities ^ . -JL. t Excltid dowxJi de ~a«&om • a « M R > - ft On February 14 and 18, 1969, a source who has provided reliable information in the past advised that the Science Action Coordinating Committee (SACC) is comprised of a group of graduate students and young faculty members at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (24IT), Cambridge, Massachusetts. The SACC, according to this source, was formed in late 1968, with the primary purpose of organizing a one day research strike at MIT on March 4, 1969. According to this source, the official sponsoring organization for the March 4 protest is now the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS). The UCS is composed of senior and junior faculty and graduate students at MIT including the original members of SACC. The UCS Steering Committee has accepted organizational responsibility and authority for the activities of March 4. .This source identified the SACC subcommittees as follows: Committee Coordinator J o e l Feigenbaum Extension i \r FBI—NEWYORK A

• SCIENCE ACTION COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SACC) UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS (UCS) Committee Name Publicity Fact Sheet Industrial Liaison Other Universities Extension Concerning the above named individuals listed under SACC subcommittees, the fo: i nvn -nrr i information was extracted from the 1968-1969 MIT c] I Department of Physics, located Room 40.li Building 6, Extension tnmfi residence listed as Massachusetts. is also identified in the. iQffl-iQfe nnrnell University as a b6 b7C nff-lp.P at. additionally address in ~|anri residence at! Nl(ev; York. was identifiec -in t.hP. iQ65-1Q66 Cornell University asa New York. with a home in the Department of Physics, located Room 2l8, Building 5, Extension I lh°me residence listed as I Massachusetts. 2. C@i b6 b7C

is a attending MIT as a 1T•! r.•!- listed as[ Cornell UniversitvI offices at lasal | Jrwi1th and residence at Hew York. His marital * -0 SCIENCE ACTION COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SACC) .UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS (UCS) located Room 40'^< Building o," Extension home residence listed as Extension! Massachusetts. located in Room 409< Building b, home isted asl Massachusetts ] The 1968-1969 MIT Directory of contains the following information concerning and is presently 1 Hi» remuenod is [ Massachusetts. H-iS also identified in the I968-I969 stmus is snown as single. . as a I ~ |v;ith a home address of Concerning the above named individuals listed under SACC subcommittees, the following information was extracted from the I968-I969 MITl ] is a member of the freshman class at MTT r.ak-ing r.he general science course. His term residence is listed as I I Massacnuse-c-cs. ana m s nome was also identified in the 1Q67-1Q68 Cornell University residence as residence is listed as New York. term tome residence as »* ,s ^^3^

« SCIENCE ACTION COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SACC) UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS (UCS) listed as[ and his home residence as I residence is listed as Massachusetts, and his home residence as Massachusetts. listed as[ and his home residence as Argentina. as and his home residence as |_ I term residence is 1 Massachusetts, term reyiueiiuy ib listed Massachusetts, ail Sew Jersey. is a member of the term residence is listed as Massachusetts, and his home residence as Canada. This source further advised that faculty, graduate and undergraduate students and the Industrial Liaison Committee of SACC* statements have been prepared and distributed throughout the Institute concerning the March 4 strike. A copy of the student statement follows 1 term residence is ] Massachusetts. New York. "Iterm 3 ]

S C i w . C n ACTION COCliDriV'i-lhG CG~TTZh best copy available Science and technology have contributed gre-acly to the material well-being of somertT.3rica.1s;foi. th-2m, technology has eliminated many of the hardships of life. Dut for other Americans, caught in the chaos of our inner citie-: or in the barrer.ners of rural poverty, for most of the people :n Africa, £si^, arcl South America, thebenefitsoftechnolocryerenearlyunknown. Indeed,itmay be argued that technological advance has lowered ths quality of. life for many of the world's citizens. As*young scientists we have waiced for-America to apply her vast technological resources toward solutions of international social and economic problems. We grew up during long years of Cold War. We continued to be persuaded that more sophisticated weapons systems were needed for cur national well-being, and our elder3 helped provide the facilities to build them. In the Sixties, America discovered her poor. ' She awoke to the pollution of her air and water, to the congestion of her cities, and to the sterility of the ever-increasing advertisement and consumption of "technological miracles". We awaited action on these problems. We expected £jnerica to negotiate arms control on the basis of "stable deterrent" and bring resources to bear on the solution of environmental and social problems. But: instead, America undertook to bring democracy to Viet Nam. We watched with increasing disbelief as America brought technological expertise to an underdeveloped nation in the form of napalm, B-52's, anti- personnel weapons, strategic hamlets. THE WAR CONTINUES. Many scientists who previously felt that there were bureaucratic and institutional limits to the degree of inhumanity of which America is capable have now lost faith in the ability of their government to make proper use of technology. This feeling is exacerbated by the proposal to increase further our strategic weaponry: Washington threatens to deploy Anti-Ballistic Missile' systems (ABM), Multiple Independently Targeted Re-entry Vehicles (MIRV), and continues to work in Chemical and Biological War-fare (CBW) . These follow a ludicrous procession of such highly.tested necessities as the P-lll and the XB-70. We now read 'of an absurd new development known as SCAD, 'which is an excuse for building a new fleet of manned bombers (cost: $10 billion). We feel that the time has come for scientists and engineers to assert responsibility for the fruits of their research. We must corse to maturity and realize our potential power in a technological society, and the moral burden we must assume. SACC, through actior.a such as the March 4,research sconpac>o, is attemptingtoorganisesolentip.estofo^m an"erficeivsccuncs.r- veight to the nilit^ry-in-Suv-r-ria! complex".' ' W-2. cite the follo'vir.c- predicaments 'which arise from the increasingly militaristic

posture of our society anoTfroia thlTTraNiiity of iti institutions to respond adequately to human needs: 1) The defense department consumes over 70 per cant of the national budget; it is the largest conglomerate in the world and has commensurate influence on the character of many American institutions. SenatorsFulbright,McCarthy,I"oGov?rn,andethers warn of the powerful* role which the sujL.icari'"indts\ria,l eor,ple,x has assumed in the poli-v-y-r-a^ing precis. This has resulted in blatant violations of legislative prerogatives by th^ executive branch, as with the Tonkin Gulf incident. 2) The universities have not been inuaune to military influence. Many departments in many universities are dependent on DOD funds. > Institutions such as M.I.T. derive income for operating laboratories at which classified weapons research is carried out. Through devices such as Project Themis'-' the DOD seeks to increase its influence in American colleges and universities, 3) Graduate students arc finding it increasingly difficult to get jobs in university research positions. Although we entered graduate school when pure research was in favor with the DOD, ,-» the cost of Viet Nam, and perhaps the results of the Hindsight Study have decreased the willingness of the DOD to continue to sponsor our research. Because the facilities for using our technological abilities in socially procJuctive ways are nearly non-existent, many of us are channel3^"". to employment in military-oriented research (e.g. to build ar ASM guidance system). 4) The. demand for manpower to fight the war in Viet Nam has made the draft a major threat to a generation of students. It is Selective Service po3ioy that the pressures generated by the draft on youth serve the highest naticnal purpose by channelling talent intc areas of national "value". Since when is it the military'sprivilegetodefineournationalvalues? See.the Hershey Memorandum. 5) America is confronted with a gamut of domestic crises which demand the massive reallocation of its resources. With growing tensions tearing at our society caused by racial injustice, poverty, poor, irrelevant and often autocratic education, inadequate housing, dying cities, air arid water pollution, and an atmosphere of violence which can, in part, be traced to our frenzied military activities of the ps.ct thirty years, we must publicly deplore the abandon with 'which the crovcrnraent commits resources to fighting ill-defined enemies in Asia"and Latin America, an*1 to building unnecessary and dangerous naw v«:coiw such s>r A£*I, MIR"/- SCAD, CBU. 6) Ihc pre,~oll-5ge education which pooc ~-.nl "--lack ghetto students rec&s.v^isit-c.ifficientto alio---*-hc£.tcc».te\-collegersuoh_ao M.I.T. ''^'Moreover, the education '.hie: thece coll^gas o.ZZe*: is car.il" accessible, c-nlv ho a person with a white, ni-.^le class cuit.;,\.i back^iO.-.nc:: present-curricula ^.te not sua -;c<; in vc&Uiz3 OK co^t.'it to the -pekaround and interests of all a'cu'er.'^ . •W-A V best copy available

If we are to develop o ".:•*•.? te«'hn:»V»ov '.''V.f'i.-,I'.? jr.-' "'<:'*•i.K environmental and social oro'.Cc-ius v.l i.r.d ci.i.e**, it ,-v ^*<& -,:i^- matic th_-t more blcck 3cie*.'*tl:»fcr - iu inain-iavs-: K% ~-'vr:rix-.S: a technology for all of the paop3e must involve all of tne people. SACC urges you to join us in making a symbolic gesture on March 4. Along with thousands of other scientists across the country, we ask yon»to withhold your research work for ens day not because your work is, in itself, objectionable, (it may h& of g*eat social importance) but in order to protest the whole ccitaxv in which it is done. At M.I.T. on March—4-, we offer a program of discussion related to the issues raised here. See the accompanying program. We hope that you will consider joining SACC. The initiation is simple. Come to room 1417-218 and ask what you can do. We need people to write, rap, do research and organise for ongoing programs. Some of the activities in which we are involved are: a) SACC encourages professors and graduate assistants to explore with their students the social and political relevance of course material and to talk about the meaning and consequence of a scientific career. They should consider to what extent the courses at M.I.T. conform to the requirements of large corporations and the military. SACC urges students to insist that their classes during the week preceding March 4 be devoted to a discussion of these issues. We call this activity a "teach-out". 0) In January, SACC drafted and circulated-an open letter to Dr. Lee DuBridge, President Nixon's science advisor, attacking the complicity of the universities in the rulitary-indns*trial complex., and recommending increased emphasis on scientific contributions to socially productive areas. The letter was signed by 182 faculty members and graduate students at M.I.T. Y) SACC recently participated in theABM meeting at Reading, Mass., at which representatives of the Arwy tried and failed to quiet local opposition to the deployment of Sentinel missiles in that community. SACC-is examining means for establishing closer liaison between scientists and the citizens of Reading, in an effort to stop deployment of ABM. 5) SACC is also actively organizing among scientists working for industry in the Boston area,'both to-enlist their participation in the March 4 activities, and to obtain their long-range cooper- ation in creating an effective political force within the scientific community. c) Critical among S:~CC's activities is "'he effort to exter.j support for the March £ «ioverr.ent acres-; the oetuV.-ry. Groaps at Cornell and Yais ar~* well underway ir organising sindiar c-e~or- stratics, and several ccher universities: have indicated their coop-?ration. 3~.CCisincontactwithe'horrroari/^tiorsiiwM*".i a.ro vc-:." irg on parallel activities. 7. best copy available

I OOT.-fuTi best copy available (1) Harrington.. 11., Toward a po^ocr^tic Left, Macnillan (2 968); page 26. 18 47: poorest -20% of population reoeivad 5% of the income 196-?: sanu 2):? rtili cly recsiv-c; 5i 1947: next ?0% received,12% of the income 5 964: sa.;'ie 23% received 121 of the income Thus, bottom 40% of Americans got 17* oc the income. The top 3% got about 17%. "These figures underestimate the evil, since they are taken from tax returns? and the highest income recipients hire expensive lawyers and accountants to conceal as much of their wealth as possible, 'while the rest of the nation pays as it goes." (2) This weapon consists of a large mother bomber which can release up to 30 small unmanned planes with radar cross-sections identical to the parent. Each small plane carries a kiloton- range nuclear warhead, while the mother is loaded with high megaton bombs. New York Times, Feb. 4, 1969 New York Times, Sunday, Feb. 9, 1969, Section 4, pg. 14: ,!But the two weapons systems (SCM) & MIRV) also open the door to something that has not existed for soma tirae: the possibility of a first strike capability with -which the United States conceivably could launch a surprise attack that would destroy most of Soviet weapons before they cculd be launched." (3) Fulbright,J. W. Jr., "The War and its .Effects-II", Congressional P.ecora, Dec. 13, 1967. (4) SACC Information Sheet, Pr.ge 4. (5) SACC Information Sheet, Pate 4. (6)At:•:.!.T.tha^eare22blackstvuor-l"-*ou;ocatotal uo^ulation cf 7."'Ob. In 1933, rina'M"ck high school s~> .\c"ent " • wssr« o^i-eirc acrvission. st£* / O ' **Oi.»- U**

SCIENCE ACTION COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SACC) UNION,QF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS (UCS) In regard to the above statement, page four contains a notation that the statement was printed by "Independent Labor, New England Free Press." New England Free Press " In a document publically distributed in 1068, the New England Free Press (NEFP), 245 Roxbury Street, Boston, Massachusetts, described itself as a center for a broad spectrum of political activity in the Boston area. The NEFP offered a low cost printing service for such groups as those who are dedicated to opposing the draft. The NEFP has announced its plans to expand into a center for radical education which may eventually lead to the establishment of a free university. . The statement prepared by the graduate student group involved in the March 4 strike at MIT is as follows: <*WM

. •••§> . . ,-.•_, t -GRADUATE STUDENT STATEMENT - ' . " • ' " ' j The growth of scientific and technical knowledge not only has resulted in gruat benefit to manU:.:-.d but also has shrouded the woil'J in tiie fear of its present and potential misuse. Many have contributed to this -"wpjusion of science and technol'-.y but have neglected its social impact. Now the ho .-ror of Vietnam, the threat of fur-her nuclear.escalation, and die acute domestic crisis demand a response. • As graduate students at MIT, we must e^luatc our own present and future , role.. In partial'ar, we must realize: . . 1. That die government is committing huge resources to military projects at a time when rreat need exists for the application of technology to solve pressing i social problems. , - . . - . • •. 2. That the work and. careers of many y.cV.ng scientists and engineers are controlled and cliunnclled by the Selective Service System. • .- 3. That'highly trained professionals, especially as they assume positions in government ar.ci industry, need to examine care'iUy the consequences of their actions, lest diey unwittii gly contribute to the continuationof immoral or unwise policies. V' . 4. That die scientific community cannot confidently expect the counsel u' a '<•/.-.' • eminent scientists-to prevail when opposed to" such powerful political and economic forces as the military establishment and defense-oriented industries. .- . . . . • 5. That only a politically active scientific community, working outside of government, aacl mobilising popular support,, can redirect the utilization of technology from destructive to constructive ends. * •; . * " ' .• ' -". To dramatize our protest and to focus attention on these issues, we are call! i^ for graduate students at MIT to stop all research activity on March'4. This dry will be'utilized to discuss these problems and to initiate appropriate political action. a 10

••?' * SCIENCE ACTION COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SACC) UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS (UCS) The faculty document reads as follows: "Misuse of scientific and technical knowledge presents a major threat to the existence of mankind. Through its actions in Vietnam our government has shaken -our confidence in its ability to make wise, and humane decisions. There is also disquieting evidence of an intention to enlarge further our immense destructive capability. "The response of the scientific community to these developments has been hopelessly fragmented. There is a small group that helps to conceive these policies, and a handful of eminent men who have tried but largely failed to stem the tide from within the government. The concerned majority has been on the sidelines and ineffective. We feel that it is no.longer possible to remain uninvolved. "We therefore call on scientists and engineers at MIT, and throughout the country, to unite for concerted action 'and leadership: ' Action against dangers already unleashed and leadership towards a more responsible exploitation of scientific knowledge. With these ends in mind we propose: "1. To initiate a critical and continuing examination of governmental policy in all areas where science and technology are of actual or potential significance. ""2. To devise means for turning research applications away from the present overemphasis of military technology towards the solution of pressing environmental and social problems. "3. To convey to our students the hope that they will devote themselves to bringing the benefits of science and technology to "mankind, "and to ask them to scrutinize the issues raised here-.before participating in the construction of destructive weapons systems. P

•* SCIENCE ACTION COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SACC) UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS (UCS) "If. To express our determined opposition to ill-advised and hazardous projects, such as the ABM system, the enlargement of our nuclear arsenal, and the develop- ment of chemical and biological weapons. s"5. To explore the feasibility of organizing scientists and engineers so that their desire for a more humane and -civilized world can be translated into effective political action. "As a first step towards reaching these objectives we ask our colleagues — faculty and students — to stop normal research activity at MIT on March 4 and to join us for a day devoted to examination of the present situation and its alternatives. On that day, we propose to engage in intense panel discussions and planning for future actions along the lines suggested above. "If you. share our profound apprehension, and are seeking a mode of expression which is at once practical and symbolic join us on March 4." The statement printed and distributed by the Industrial Liaison Committee of SACC is as follows:

Science Action Co-ordinating Commit"oo Room lilN-218, QGH-6900, X-hm M.I.T. Cambridge, Mass. 02139 / ' " 1/10/69 1*. / Dear Friend, . . . . ' . As a scientist and an active worker" for peace you wil.l be pleased to know that a group of faculty members and students at MIT are organizing against the current trend tov/ards increasing military involvement in scientific research. For this purpose the Science Action Co-ordinating Committee has been formed apd has received widespread support in the scientific.community at MIT and" elsewhere. -* We have set aside a day, March 4th, to begin a vigorous involvement with these issures and during that day we propose that scientists and engineers at MIT and elsewhere, pause in their normal research activities and .join us for a day of critical discussion and self evaluation. The' idea has received widespread and enthusiastic support from the scientific community at MIT and all over the country. *•* . ^ We- are enclosing a call describing our motives and objectives as"well as a statement prepared by the Industry Liaison Committee. > Strong support by scientists and engineers working for industry is desirable because of the part played by industry in promoting military uses of-science. Therefore, we requeft your help in promoting wide publication of the enclosed call by discussing it and circulating it among your colleagues ai> your place of work, and by building up "he idea of taking a day off to participate in the discussions at MIT. This could be best done by forming a committee at your place of work. Yours for the peaceful use of so Lonco,. Jnd. Liaison Couun. of SACC. Additional copies of the enclosed material as well as a Jisi of other people who have been contacted at your place of work may be obtained from: •: Marco Saraceno ScienceActionCo-ordinating •" Committee,M'f-T,14N-2I8 ' 9

TO: SClSOTIdTS AKIVBtiGlKKL'. S IS THE GHKA'lW UOSTON ARKA best copy available Inventivr.ncr.s in approaching difficult problems anil the capability for critical examination, are essential chara- cteristics of th.j scientific min:3. A currcrst problem that needs the attention cf our critical faculties is our inert;asin,; invclvofi's:nfc in endeavor; thr.t are contrary to tl"» tri-c"itional role of techno)ogists as benefactors of hiiT.r-.nity." • • The cYiscuieting trend in .scientific research raises nor-.l issuss ftr.oSg"v>s scientific workers," Ova' reactions vary: Soir.e of u= refuse to consider the rion-r.cicntif 5c aspects cf our v.-orkj so~e siraply accept th:-. military orientation of military support of research as. a necessity. For many of us there is an overwhelming sense of frustration in our inability as individuals to ai'.cr the present, increas- ing involvement and economic dependence on DO/) funding. This ntcd not be so, "" . ^ The development of n-r/: energy sources, the exploration { of w,.~ food supplies in the sea, he use of computers to rcdu:.*2 r.indless toil and to exten-*«.the biu-n capability are ;-ust a few "examples of scientific endeavors thr.t fulf.'.il the le=itir.ate social rolf. of the scientis but tllat do not receive the support thoy deserve, Y.c a l l : roco2,na.:-'.j tne need for,, ft ir..iSL.ive aM aek on the pressing problems-raised by housing, cc:;-.".unic'ation:; and transpor- tation ir. urban cnv5ro::;r.entc, pollution of the- envivonv.-T.tj and depletion of natural resources', end yet only a hr-nJ- ful of us find ourselves engaged in fulfilling society's jus-if ic-Vie expectation that v:e use our talents for thy betterment of hrr.anityc " • ' Tiie conversion of industrial scientific activity frcv. military to ?c5*«lly oriented proyaKis is a coupler, proble:^ cl). scientific,v.orders should contribute to its solvtien, Stuccnts and faculty rcctfoers cf JUT, troubled byU>*p 1 pro::'.!cr., are Inviting th. scier.ti'.c corr.unity ie ix.ct i i/vn -n f>o1 or: Kerchh. i960tocritic?llye::^::inctins.con"e^u-:ne-:-nof our scientific work ar.ci the destructive r.ols ihst v.e -r.'-y beur.v.i-ilingplayinginourpresentsociety. Letus jointhe.",andtrytoestablishthebasisfor0 ch;-.n«o For ;cklitior.p.l information cor.tae-.: J-'arco Srrr.eeno Induet^iel I.ieioon Go:.j.iittee . Scivr.ec Action Co-c-rdinntin^ Cc::.n;5ttv.e K:.i, fe-SlS, u^h-o^Oj »:7YS i i l.:3i

SCIENCE ACTION-COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SACC) UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS (UCS) This source also furnished a copy of a letter dated 27 January 1969 under the letterhead "Union of Concerned Scientists 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, Mass. 02139 Room 6402 Tel. 864-6900 Ext. 53491' A copy of this letter follows:

ywiOft! OF • 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, Mass. 0213S Room 6-402 Tel. 864-6900 Ext. 5349 GOft3C£Rft!EL3 SeOEMTOITS • . PRELIMINARY PROGRAM FOR MARCH 4 W '2^^^^^x • On the evening of March 4 Senator George McGovern will deliver a major address on reconverting the economy from defense to domestic production. Among the speakers during the day of March 4 will be the following: Professor Hans Bethe of Cornell, a Nobel laureate in physics and an expert on nuclear weapons and disarmament, will discuss the Anti-Ballistic Missle system and the strategic balance. Professor George Wald of Harvard, a Nobel laureate in medicine,will speak. Matthew Meselson, Professor of Biology "at Harvard, will discuss chemical and biological warfare. Gar Alperovitz,-a fellow of the Institute for Policy. Studies, will describe the role of scientists in the his- tory of the atomic bomb in the 1,940 's. Noam Chomsky, Professor of Linguistics at M.I.T., will discuss the responsibility of the intellectual. The well-known author, Lewis Mumford, will participate in a panel on urban problems and technology. There will be a panel on employment opportunities for scientists and engineers outside the defense industry. Additional speakers and topics will be announced later. 16. 27 January 1969

SCIENCE ACTION COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SACC) UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS (UCS) In regard to the above letterhead, the source said that 77 Massachusetts Avenue is the official mailing address of MIT. Room 402, Building 6, Telephone Extension 5349 is the room and telephone assigned to Stanley Brown (referred to above), Division of Sponsored Research. • Characterizations of individuals mentioned in the above letter appear in the Appendix of Individuals. This source was of the opinion that the general feeling of the majority of the MIT faculty is that they are definitely not in sympathy with the SACC plans for a one day strike. Several proposals have been discussed in an effort to counteract SACC plans, but to date nothing in the way of a positive plan has been formulated. This source further stated that the SACC has been distributing"buttons or pins as a means of further exploiting their plans for March 4, 1969. These buttons read as follows: "March 4 SACC" and "March 4 Is A Movement Not A Day".. This document"contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.

*. •/ • 1; APPENDIX OF INDIVIDUALS j ( ' '. AVRAM NOAM CHOMSKY • \ The current 1968-69 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Directory of Personnel lists Noam A. b6 Chomsky of as a Professor of Modern Languages at MIT, .• A source who has provided reliable information in. the past advised, on .January 15, 1953, that Chomsky was a subscriber to "Labor Action." 1 jtCharacterizations oftheIndependent Socialist League and "Labor Action" appear in the."Appendixof Organizations attached,hereto. The March 19, 1967 issue of the "Boston Globe," a daily Boston newspaper, contained an article captioned "MIT Professor Urges Income Tax Revolt To Protest Ware" The.article, in part, reported as follows: "An MIT professor Saturday disclosed his activist role in a crash campaign to generate a Federal incometax revolt by opponents of the Vietnam war. NoamChomsky,38,whoemphasized » he is"not a pacifist, last year withheld /" voluntary payment of a portion of his taxes in dissent from United States policy in Vietnam. "'I intend to do the same thing this year as a symbol to my opposition towh1a3.t0 wearedoingoverthere.1" * • The Intelligence Division of the Boston Police Department, on March 28, 1968, advised that on March26, 1968, permits were granted to representatives of the New England Resistance for marches beginning at various points inthegeneralBostonareaonApril3,1968,withall culminating at the Boston Common, Boston, for a rally. The rally was scheduled to begin at about 11:00 AM and run an estimated two hours, and. the New England Resistance expects participation by at least 10,000 individuals. follows On April 3, 1968, Agents"of the FBI observed as •' Massachusetts, ;

The above rally sponsored by the New England Resistance began at the Boston Common, Boston, at approximately 11:00 AM9 with the number of participants estimated at over 5,000. Included among the speakers at the'rally, £11 of whom spoke in opposition to the war in Vietnam and the draft,' was Professor Noam Chomsky, MIT. A second source who has provided, reliable information in the past, on April 3, 1968, advised that Noam Chomsky is an active supporter of the Resistance locally' and has spoken in opposition to the war in Vietnam at several rallies in that regard. #

MATTHEW STANLEY MESELSON be | ~--~ • •b7C > j TheHarvardUniversityDirectoryofOfficersand" Students for the year I9S8-69 contains the following information concerning Meselson, Matthew Stanley, PhB, PhD, Professor of Biology, Office Biological Labs, Residence Massachusetts 1 The"Boston Globe," a daily newspaper published at Boston, Massachusetts, in its morning issue of October.26, .1962, included an article entitled, "400 Professors 'Not for Peace At Any Price.'" This article, in part^ read as follows: * j"Spokesmen for 400 college professors who inserted an advertisement in the New York Times asking for a summit meeting on the Cuban crisis, said Thursday that they 'were not for peace at any price.' "Six Greater Boston professors held, a " press conference to announce that 'we just don't want to go beyond a point of no return.' "The spokesmen for the group-- •admittedly 'loose-knit'—again urged a • meeting of President Kennedy and. Premier ! Khrushchev 'at the earliest possible" date' 'to negotiate and avert war over Cuba," This article further mentioned that'included among those at the press conference was Matthew Meselson (Biology, Harvard).

#m GAR ALPEROVITZ Ii: ! ;'The1967-1968Harvard.UniversityDirectoryof Officers and Students contained the following listing: f "Gar Alperovitz Fellow of the Institute of Politics, Harvard. University, Cambridge, Mass. Office Littauer Center Room 127. His degrees included an AM, AM and Ph.D." j-The "Harvard Summer News," a weekly newspaper published at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in its edition of August 1, 1967> carried, the following article captioned as,follows: " . | "4 New Fellows Picked for Kennedy Institute." This article reads in part as follows: "The institute of Politics in the John Fitzgerald School of Government has announced four new fellowship appoint- ments for I967-I968. .'"Reappointed for another term at the Institute was Gar Alperovitz of Cambridge, Massachusetts, former Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs. Fellowships at the Institute permit men who have permanently left political work or political journalism to spend,a «period, of study discussing and writing in the Cambridge academic community." On March 18, 1968, a source who has provided reliable information in the past advised, that a group of radical scholars from throughout the United States was to hold a conference at the University of Chicago from March 22 - 24, 1968, to discuss radical reform £or the intellectual community. *• 21.

The "Guardian," issue of March 16, 1968, contained the following advertisement concerning the "Nev;University Conference."

•• .J ••.••$;. Uii\lliVlLJ\Oi I if • % *>"» " We- are committed-to the struggle for a d.emo- .\<yjj'i.cralic university, one within" which we "may freely ,vft<Aexpress the radical content of our lives and one ,;"•"•.:£ which will be the antasonist and not the ally of C.'.&v pacifiers, domestic and interactional. . ...^ . .• •;, .'.-•• r-1 b "• .*••-«.. fiicts so many radicals, especially on the smalls: campuses and those' located away from large urbancenters. ' * ' " * . plans and organization to encourage arid support radical scholarship and research so that it may be carried out on a professional and vocational basis rather than as now, a part-time occupation of a few. In addition, we hope to launch a high quality national periodical and to encourage further the formation of radical caucuses- within professions! associations. • " - : ' liV/:"- Wc are prepared to act on this nov/ and in the S ..£«,: future just as we have acted throughout the freedom •:LVft*i struggles at home and the Movement to end the v.;ar '.•:•} in Vietnam. The N'e'w University CcnTerep.ee is not - j-.- the beginning of the stride for.a democratic uni- .'ivS versily; it is merely the beginning of the intensifica- ""..*& tion of that struggle. •fA . . . - . - . • :• . - Xii j The New University Conference has three general ' . - ) - . tasks: it must lay out. a comprehensive program $ ^ for radical university reform, it must plan and ini- ' •>* tiatc the organizations which will carry out thai pro- \'.^ gram, and it must encourage a significant expression " "of radical research and scholarship relating to public 3. „ » ~ '. policy, the wider culture and the needs of.the resist-' • 6. intensification of the national movement to ex r . ~. ". 2Rce, Black and poor people's movements. • pose and dislocate university collaboration in v.-a research and social manipulation. * .•• 7. a Placement and Defense Organization prepare to assist radicals in obtaining university posiiic: and to provide defense support against* the iui'.n: able attacks of McCarthyites, respectable ar. otherwise. I *• " , \ | • • \{'1. ".'•' • • • ":.; ' American university. "[\ 2. new plans for campus activity and campus orga- • '""•: nizing and thus an end to the isolation which af- From the New University Conference will, come: a national membership organiza'tion of faculty, graduate students and Movement intellectuals with - \Y\' . a-program for radical transformation of the .'...V .- University of Chlctgo-iV.srch 22-24, i9S3 «. "V ..- - . ..... -i,' »". >' ' . ; • ;.-'*.-. *'- • .v'f '•'.4..expansion of anti-war and other Movement re • . 5. 'lated research as well as new Initiatives for ur.i versity opposition to the war. cooperative and Informal Working Groups ir American History, Political Science, Sociology Asian Studies, Cold V/ar History and other disci • plines in which radicals are now challenging th: • doctrines of the university establishment. ••«...{• • 1

••* :aw Among the.sponsors listed on the advertisement of the New University Conference was Gar Alperovitz, A characterization of the "Guardian" appears in the Appendix of Organizations attached hereto. ""*M»»0>

GEORGE vJALD The Harvard University Directory of Officers and Students for the year 1968-69 identifies George VJald, Ph.D., as the Higgins Professor of Biology and Trustee of Radcliffe College, with offices in the Biological >ratories. Harvard University, residenceI I Massachusetts. "The Harvard Crimson," an undergraduate student newspaper published at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in its 'edition of March 20, 1961, carried an article entitled, "19 Harvard'Professors Sign Anti-HUAC Paper." This article reads, in part, as follows: '"Nineteen Harvard professors have signed an American Civil Liberties Union petition advocating the abolition of the House Un- American Activities Committee. In all, 250 professors from colleges across the country signed the statement, "The educators were primarily concerned "with the Committee's 'abridgement' of academic freedom.- 'During its 24-year history,' the .- -petition say3, 'the House Committee has been 'unrelenting in its harassing of teachers.' "As a result, of the Committee's 'exercising the powers of prosecutor and judge,' the statement charges, '. . . educational abilities and skills developed through long years of training have "been * withheld from the community. And this at' a time when qualified teachers are in tragically -short supply,' "The petition says, 'The Committee has latterly improved its hearing manners. . . . . Yet it continues to be careless or unscrupulous in vilifying its critics,1 It continues, 'Under these circumstances, we find it under- standable, though deplorable, that many • teachers, in the colleges and universities, as well as in the public schools* have grown timid about stating, evenfor classroom discussion, ideas which someone later might interpret as subversive,' * 25.

* £•$© K*W» "'lixercise of the free intellect will * in no way endanger the country's internal security,' the statement says, and it asserts, 'Not only teachers," but all Americans, we insist, must be free from trial by publicity - from what Mr. Justice B3.aek has called "exposure, obloquy, and public scorn."'" Professor George VJald was identified as being one of the signers of the above paper. "The Harvard Crimson," in its edition of March 26. 1966, carried an article concerning a "speak-out" held in Memorial Church, Harvard College, on March 25, 1966. This article, ih part, read as follows: "The 'speak-out,' part of this'weekend's International Da,ys of Protest activities, was initiated to allow Harvard Professors to protest against the Administration's foreign policy. The 'speak-out' differs"from the 'teach-in' because it is concerned less with presenting information, than with keeping the spirit of dissent alive. Twenty-three professors took part." Among the Harvard Professors speaking at the "speak-out," "The Harvard Crimson" identified George VJald as saying the'following: . ' "George VJald, professor of Biology, centered his speech around the possibilities . and consequences of nuclear war. 'That bomb . that we have been paying for and piling up is an unusable bomb and there are many who speak as if" they do not know this,' VJald said. Mutual deterence or 'mutual insanity' has lulled us into a false sense of security, but the pressure to use the bomb will increase •because we are now faced with a defenseless enemy,VJaldcontinued. 'Weareabouttobe faced with the temptation to use our hardware against defenseless populations he concluded,"

# # "The Heights," a weekly undergraduate student newspaper published by the students of Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, in its edition of April 9J 1965i carried an advertisement captioned, "This Is The War,In Vietnam VJe Support The April 1? March On VJashington To End The War In Vietnam." Among the supporters listed under the caption "Harvard" was the name, "George VJald, Biolo.;y< .27. WlH^

«* The MIT Student Directory for the academic tr^gy ioffl-lo6Q identified! las a residence is listed as f Massachusetts, and his home residence as |_ New York. On November 30, 1967, a source who has provided rel±ahi P -i nfnvma ion in the past advised that the name was contained on a contact list maintained by the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) MIT Chapter. A characterization of the SDS is contained in the Appendix of Organizations. of His term b6 b7C

"APPENDIX OF ORGANIZATIONS / . (^^^rmm^sr^-- APPENDIX •"**'* 1 ' '" : *•" ',-"••• *.c • ":'. FORMERLY KNOWN AS • " *'•'" " '•- ' - "NATIONAL GUARDIAN"; •' - •' *«'. '"' >";'•:; :'•'*«• '— '. .:*:..: - " -~ ; "' "• '•'• ' "GUARDIAN" ' • WEEKLY GUARDIAN ASSOCIATES, INCORPORATED *"....•'.••.". * ... . • . The "Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications," revised and published as of -December 1, 1861, prepared and released by the Committee on Un-American Activities, United States House of Representatives, Washington, D. C „ contains, the following concerning the""National Guardian": "1. ... Established by the American Labor Party in 1947 as anprogressive"weekly ... it has manifested itself frofa the beginning as a virtual official propaganda arm of •