2013 2012

Article 117 The House of Representatives shall elect, in the first meeting of its regular annual session, a speaker and two deputy speakers for the full legislative term. If the seat of either becomes vacant, the House of Representatives shall elect a replacement. The inner bylaws of the house shall determine the rules and procedures of election. In the case of the disruption of either's obligations, one third of the members of the house could request that he be relieved from his post. The decision is issued by a two-third majority of its members. In all cases, the speaker or either of the deputy speakers may not be re-elected in the following term. Article 97 Each house shall elect, in the first meeting of its regular annual session, a speaker and two deputy speakers for the full legislative term in the case of the House of Representatives, and for half of the legislative term in the case of the Shura Council. If the seat of either becomes vacant, the Shura Council or House of Representatives shall elect a replacement, whose term will last until the end of their predecessor’s. In all cases, one third of the members of either house could request a new election of the Speaker or Deputy Speakers in the first meeting of the regular annual session.

Article 137 The president of the republic may not dissolve the House of Representatives except when necessary and by a causative decision and following a public referendum. The House of Representatives may not be dissolved for the same cause for which the immediately previous House of Representatives was dissolved. The president of the republic shall issue a decision halting the sessions of the house and put the decision to dissolve it to referendum within 20 days at most. If the participants in the referendum approve with a majority of valid votes, the president of the republic shall issue the dissolution decree and call for early elections within 30 days at most from the day of the decree's issuance. The new house shall meet within 10 days following the final result's announcement. Article 127 The president of the republic may not dissolve the House of Representatives except by a causative decision and following a public referendum. The House of Representatives may not be dissolved during its first annual session, nor for the same cause for which the immediately previous House of Representatives was dissolved. The president of the republic shall issue a decision halting the sessions of the house and put the decision to dissolve it to referendum within 20 days at most. If the participants in the referendum approve the house's dissolution with a majority of valid votes, the president of the republic shall issue the decree to dissolve the house and call for early elections within 30 days at most from the day of the decree's issuance. The new house shall meet within 10 days following the final result's announcement. If the majority do not approve the dissolution, the president must submit his resignation. If the referendum is not carried out within the given period, the house shall reconvene the day after the end of the given period.

Article 139 The president is the head of state and chief of the executive branch of government. He looks after the interests of the people, safeguards the independence, unity and territorial integrity of the motherland, and is committed to the provisions of the constitution. He carries out his responsibilities in the manner prescribed by the constitution. Article 132 The president is the head of state and chief of the executive branch of government. He looks after the interests of the people, safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the motherland, and observes the separation between powers. He carries out his responsibilities in the manner prescribed by the constitution.

Article 141 A presidential candidate must be an Egyptian citizen born to Egyptian parents. He and his parents must have carried no other citizenship. He must have civil and political rights, and must have fulfilled his military service or been legally exempted from it and at the time of nomination cannot be younger than 40 Gregorian years. Other conditions for nomination are determined by law. Article 134 A presidential candidate must be an Egyptian citizen born to Egyptian parents, must have carried no other citizenship, must have civil and political rights, cannot be married to a non-Egyptian, and at the time of nomination cannot be younger than 40 Gregorian years.

Article 133 Before assuming the presidential position, the president of the republic shall take the following oath before the House of Representatives: “I swear by Almighty God to loyally uphold the republican system, to respect the constitution and the law, to fully look after the interests of the people and to safeguard the independence, unity and territorial integrity of the motherland.” If the House of Representatives is dissolved, the oath is to be taken before the general assembly of the Supreme Constitutional Court. Article 137 Before assuming the presidential position, the president of the republic shall take the following oath before the House of Representatives and the Shura Council: “I swear by Almighty God to loyally uphold the republican system, to respect the constitution and the law, to fully look after the interests of the people and to safeguard the independence and territorial integrity of the motherland." If the House of Representatives is dissolved, the oath is to be taken before the Shura Council.

Article 136 The president of the republic appoints the prime minister, who shall be assigned by the president the task of forming the cabinet and presenting its programme to the House of Representatives. If the cabinet is not granted confidence by the majority of House of Representatives members within 30 days at most, the president shall appoint the prime minister nominated by the party or coalition that holds the majority of house seats. If the cabinet of that appointed prime minister does not obtain the confidence of the majority of the House of Representatives members within 30 days, the house is considered dissolved and the president of the republic shall call for the election of a new House of Representatives within 60 days from the date the dissolution is announced. In all cases, the sum of the periods set forth in this article should not exceed 60 days. In the case of dissolution of the House of Representatives, the prime minister shall present the cabinet and its plan to the new House of Representatives at its first session. The president of the republic, in consultation with the prime minister, shall appoint the ministers of defence, interior, foreign affairs and justice if the cabinet is appointed by the majority party in the House of Representatives, or by a coalition that comprises a majority. Article 139 The president of the republic appoints the prime minister, who shall be assigned by the president the task of forming the cabinet and presenting its programme to the House of Representatives within 30 days at most. If the cabinet is not granted parliamentary confidence, the president shall appoint another prime minister from the party that holds the majority of seats in the House of Representatives.

If the cabinet of that appointed prime minister does not obtain parliamentary confidence within a similar period, the House of Representatives then appoints a prime minister who shall be assigned by the president the task of forming a cabinet, provided that this cabinet obtains parliamentary confidence within a similar period.



Otherwise, the president of the republic shall dissolve the House of Representatives and call for the election of a new House of Representatives within 60 days from the date the dissolution is announced. In all cases, the sum of the periods set forth in this article should not exceed 90 days. In the case of dissolution of the House of Representatives, the prime minister shall present the cabinet and its plan to the new House of Representatives at its first session.

Article 145 The president of the republic shall represent the state in foreign relations and shall conclude treaties and ratify them after the approval of the House of Representatives. Such treaties shall have the force of law after publication, according to the provisions of the constitution. Any treaty of peace, alliance, and all treaties related to the rights of sovereignty must be subjected to a popular referendum. Such treaties are not ratified unless approved by referendum. In any case, no treaty contrary to the provisions of the constitution or concedes any part of state territory shall be concluded. Article 145 The president of the republic shall represent the state in foreign relations and shall conclude treaties and ratify them after the approval of the House of Representatives and the Shura Council. Such treaties shall have the force of law after ratification and publication, according to established procedures. Approval must be acquired from both legislative houses with a two thirds majority of their members for any treaty of peace, alliance, and all treaties related to the rights of sovereignty. No treaty contrary to the provisions of the constitution shall be approved.

Article 154 The president of the republic shall declare, after consultation with the cabinet, a state of emergency in the manner regulated by law. Such proclamation must be submitted to the House of Representatives within the following seven days for consideration. If the declaration takes place when the House of Representatives is not in its normal session, a session is called for immediately. In any case, a majority of the members of the House must approve declaring a state of emergency. The declaration shall be for a specified period not exceeding three months, which can only be extended by another similar period upon the two-thirds majority by the house. If the house is not in session, the matter is submitted to the cabinet for approval, to be presented to the new House of Representatives in its first session. The House of Representatives cannot be dissolved while a state of emergency is in place. Article 148 The president of the republic shall declare, after consultation with the cabinet, a state of emergency in the manner regulated by law. Such proclamation must be submitted to the House of Representatives within the following seven days. If the declaration takes place when the House of Representatives is not in session, a session is called for immediately. In case the House of Representatives is dissolved, the matter shall be submitted to the Shura Council, all within the period specified in the preceding paragraph. The declaration of a state of emergency must be approved by a majority of members of each Council. The declaration shall be for a specified period not exceeding six months, which can only be extended by another similar period upon the people’s approval in a public referendum. The House of Representatives cannot be dissolved while a state of emergency is in place.

Article 158 The president of the republic may submit his resignation to the House of Representatives. If the house is not in session, he shall submit it to the general assembly of the Supreme Constitutional Court. Article 151 For the president of the republic to resign, a letter of resignation must be presented to the House of Representatives.

Article 159 A charge of breaching the provisions of the constitutions or of felony or treason against the president of the republic is to be based on a motion signed by at least the majority of the members of the House of Representatives. An impeachment is to be issued only by a two-thirds majority of the members of the House and after an investigation carried out by the prosecutor-general and if rendered unable he is replaced by one of the assistant prosecutor-generals. As soon as an impeachment decision has been issued, the president of the republic shall cease all work; this shall be treated as a temporary obstacle preventing the president from carrying out presidential duties until a verdict is reached. The president of the republic shall be tried before a special court headed by the president of the Supreme Judicial Council, with the membership of the longest-serving Deputy of the president of the Supreme Constitutional Court and the State Council, and the two longest-serving presidents of the Court of Appeals; the prosecution to be carried out before such court by the prosecutor-general. If any of them is rendered unable, he is replaced by his follower in seniority. The court verdict is final and cannot be appealed. The prosecution, trial procedure and penalty are regulated by law. In the case of conviction, the president of the republic shall be relieved of his post, without prejudice to other penalties. Article 152 A charge of felony or treason against the president of the republic is to be based on a motion signed by at least one-third of the members of the House of Representatives. An impeachment is to be issued only by a two-thirds majority of the members of the House of Representatives. As soon as an impeachment decision has been issued, the president of the republic shall cease all work; this shall be treated as a temporary obstacle preventing the president from carrying out presidential duties until a verdict is reached. The president of the republic shall be tried before a special court headed by the president of the Supreme Judicial Council, with the membership of the longest-serving Deputy of the president of the Supreme Constitutional Court and the State Council, and the two longest-serving presidents of the Court of Appeals; the prosecution to be carried out before such court by the prosecutor-general. If any of them is rendered unable, he is replaced by his follower in seniority. The prosecution, trial procedure and penalty are regulated by law. In the case of conviction, the president of the republic shall be relieved of his post, without prejudice to other penalties.

New article: Article 161 The House of Representatives can propose withdrawing confidence from the president of the republic and early presidential elections based on a causative motion signed by the majority of House of Representatives members at least and the approval of two-thirds of its members. The motion cannot be presented for the same cause during the presidential term more than once. As soon as the proposal is approved, the matter of withdrawing confidence and holding early presidential elections is subjected to a popular referendum called for by the prime minister. If a majority approves the decision to withdraw confidence, the president of the republic is relieved from his post which then becomes vacant. The early presidential elections shall be held within 60 days from the date the referendum result was announced. If the referendum results in disapproval, the House of Representatives is considered dissolved and the president of the republic shall call for electing a new house within 30 days from the date of dissolution.

Article 185 Each judicial body shall administer its own affairs; each body shall have an independent budget subject to discussion by the House of Representatives in detail and be incorporated in the state budget as one figure. Each judicial body shall be consulted on the draft laws governing its affairs. Article 169 Each judiciary body shall administer its own affairs; each body shall have an independent budget and be consulted on the draft laws governing its affairs, by the means that are regulated by law.