Neo-Trotskyism was a political faction active in early 21st century France.

In the early 2020s, The Neo-Trotskyists came to power in France, supplanting the Gaullists.

Christopher Brynner, a wealthy citizen of the United States of America, expected that the Neo-Trotskyists would put an end to the sustained student protests in the country, but they had no more success then the Gaullists, leading one of his aquintances to have to cancel a trip to the Alps because of the protests. (DS9: "Past Tense, Part I", "Past Tense, Part II")

Apparently named after the Russian Bolshevik revolutionary Leon Trotsky, the faction's name seems to suggest a connection to Trotskyism or real-world Neo-Trotskyism. The Star Trek Encyclopedia (4th ed., vol. 1, p. 300) mentions that the Neo-Trotskyists were the dominant party of the French National Assembly.