The Pentagon is moving to halt the sale of phones made by Huawei Technologies Co. and ZTE Corp. in retail outlets on U.S. military bases around the world, citing potential security threats they say the devices could pose.

The move intensifies a squeeze the Trump administration has put on the two Chinese makers of telecommunications gear and mobile devices. Washington officials have said Beijing could order Chinese manufacturers to hack into products they make to spy or disable communications. Huawei and ZTE have said that...