Addressing the issues in IoT

The number of devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) is growing at an exponential rate, reported to have reached more than 8 billion in 2017. Moreover, the figure is expected to increase up to 20 billion by 2020. The implications are already evident and raise certain concerns, especially among those companies that specialize in IoT solutions.

Steffen Evers, the Head of Open-Source Services at Bosch Software Innovations, highlights two major problems in the IoT space. Firstly, connected devices are produced by a lot of different manufacturers, cater to different purposes, and use a variety of protocols. This means that devices lack unified standards.

“The current situation today is typically that you have one stack for one solution.” —Steffen Evers, Bosch

Secondly, connected devices generate vast amounts of telemetry (e.g., temperature, speed, etc.), as well as command and control data. As new smart devices and machines join the network, this amount of data also increases. A Cisco white paper estimates that the total data generated by any IoT device annually will reach 600 ZB by 2020, up from 145 ZB in 2015.

Since 1995, Bosch itself has produced about 7 billion sensors for the MEMS systems. Approximately 4 million MEMS sensors come off the company’s conveyors daily. To handle the data from the devices and unify various protocols the sensors use, the Bosch realized the need for a middleware layer. According to Steffen, this would help to enable cross-domain and cross-vendor support, covering most—if not all—IoT devices, both existing or likely to appear in the future. To address the need, the company developed Bosch IoT Suite.

A generic cloud platform to interoperate different IoT services and devices (Source)

Looking for a way to make the suite available as a PaaS to its partners and customers, Bosch decided to employ Cloud Foundry.

Integrating Bosch IoT Suite with Cloud Foundry

Bosch IoT Suite comprises the following services that provide key capabilities required to quickly implement an IoT solution:

A deployment view for Bosch IoT Rollouts within the suite (Source)

To deliver Bosch IoT Suite as a PaaS to its customers and partners, the company built Bosch IoT Cloud. Rather than opting for a private third-party solution and potentially getting vendor-locked, the company made a decision to build a cloud platform of its own.

The platform was meant to ensure scalability of the services and their compatibility with a wide range of IaaS providers, so that the company’s customers were free to deploy their apps to an infrastructure of choice or change vendors smoothly. For the purpose, Bosch IoT Suite was integrated with Pivotal Cloud Foundry. The cloud is operated in the company’s computing center near Stuttgart.

Bosch IoT Suite as a core of Bosch IoT Cloud (Source)

According to Stefan Ferber, “one major reason (why we picked Cloud Foundry) was the ability to deploy on multiple clouds or to switch cloud vendors.”

“For our customers, a cloud-enabled software platform is the foundation for growth in the Internet of Things. The software services we offer break down the Bosch IoT Suite into easily reusable microservices that cater precisely to IoT developers’ requirements.” —Stefan Ferber, Bosch

The launch of Bosch IoT Cloud was announced on March 9, 2016 at the Bosch ConnectedWorld event in Berlin. In September 2016, Bosch became a Silver member of the Cloud Foundry Foundation. Joining the community, the company aspires to assist in improving the features and usage of the PaaS for IoT scenarios.

Initially tested on internal projects, the Bosch IoT Cloud is offered to external customers and partners starting from 2017. In February 2017, Bosch and IBM announced a collaboration to make Bosch IoT Suite available on IBM Bluemix and IBM Watson for the companies’ customers.

As a result of this partnership, for instance, auto manufacturers got the opportunity to schedule and organize software updates to millions of vehicles in a secure and managed fashion without the need to bring the vehicle to a workshop. White goods manufacturers can also remotely send updates to batches of thousands of house appliances, granting consumers access to the latest updates, services, and offerings (e.g., automatic reordering of detergent).



Three layers of Bosch IoT Cloud (Source)

To address specific IoT challenges—connectivity, support for domain-specific protocols, large-scale messaging, device management, integration, etc.—Bosch is also using the Eclipse IoT platform. (Bosch is a strategic member of the Eclipse Foundation since November 3, 2015.) As an active contributor of the Eclipse IoT Working Group, the company assists in developing several IoT projects, including Vorto, Hono, hawkBit, Leshan, and Ditto.

“Bosch is a major industrial IoT company that supports a wide range of devices, in many different industries, such as automotive, manufacturing, and home appliances. We believe the best way to support this complex environment is to base Bosch IoT Suite on open-source components and open standards.” —Stefan Ferber, Bosch

At Cloud Foundry Summit Europe 2016, Executive Director at the Eclipse Foundation Mike Milinkovich delivered a presentation on how Cloud Foundry and Eclipse IoT services work together.

The Eclipse IoT components on Cloud Foundry (Source)

The achievements and challenges

Pivotal CF provided Bosch with ready-to-use cloud services that helped to facilitate and speed up building, testing, deploying, and scaling IoT apps. Making use of the platform enabled the company to:

Accelerate development cycles resulting in improved time-to-market of new products

Integrate security mechanisms for data protection

Reduce complexity and costs of IoT projects with a selection of ready-to-use services catering for different customer needs

The architecture of Bosch IoT Suite on AWS (Source)

While adopting Cloud Foundry, Bosch faced some specific challenges within the IoT space:

Handling multiple protocols that devices use for communication, including TCP, UDP, and proprietary ones. The support for the TCP protocol was enabled through Cloud Foundry TCP Routing.

High isolation and lack of networking on the container level prevented building clusters during application runtime. To establish direct app-to-app communication, the container-to-container networking was implemented.

There was a lack of production-ready backing services that can support IoT applications. BOSH helped to automate rollouts and management of backing services, as well as infrastructure abstraction.

According to Bosch, it is planning to extend the initial set of services available via the platform through establishing new partnerships for the purpose.

Built with Bosch IoT Cloud

Bosch IoT Cloud enabled the company and its partners to deliver a variety of innovative solutions for connected cars, smart homes, supply chains, and manufacturing.

The Active parking lot management solution works with multiple sensors that are mounted at 15 parking facilities in Stuttgart and transmit data to the Bosch IoT Cloud. Drivers can access the collected information and look for an available parking space either from a mobile application or via the website of the city’s transportation authority—Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart. Bosch believes this solution will effectively reduce carbon dioxide emissions by limiting the amount of time drivers spend looking for empty parking spaces. Active parking data is gathered from sensors and sent to an app (Source)

The TrackMyTools solution lets one control the location and usage of their power tools (e.g., hammer drills) both through the app and on the web. Its operation is based on Bluetooth modules that are mounted on tools. Every eight seconds, the modules generate signals that are picked up by the TrackMyTools app running on a smartphone or a tablet. Then, every 30 minutes, the mobile devices transmit these signals to the Bosch IoT Cloud together with such data as the current time, the user, and the most recent location of the device. TrackMyTools makes use of Bluetooth modules (Source)

The Track and Trace solution uses multiple sensors installed in the packaging or directly on products, making it possible to track a delivery along the entire supply chain. These devices gather data about the ambient conditions (e.g., temperature, vibration, light, and humidity) that can affect quality and send it to the Bosch IoT Cloud. The software in the cloud compares the recorded values with the specified limits. In case a limit is exceeded, the solution generates appropriate notifications, enabling stakeholders to take immediate actions to minimize losses. The collected sensor readings can also be helpful in identifying the causes of a damage. Moreover, the sensors record location data, which can be used to calculate expected arrival times and improve transport management. A secondary packaging process pipeline (Source)

Bosch Smart Home provides a single platform to connect heating, motion sensors, smoke alarms, and appliances at one’s home and manage them via a smartphone or a tablet. The centerpiece of the system is a controller that enables the Internet connection with the devices. Moreover, it stores all the data from smart home gadgets, so that users can be sure their data is kept safe from strangers. However, one can also access the information on a smartphone or a tablet, requesting it via the Internet connection. In this case, the data is encrypted before it is transmitted to the Bosch IoT Cloud. Bosch Smart Home can help users to save on utility expenses with features like intelligent temperature controls. It also adds an extra layer of security with smart motion sensors. Smart home devices are monitored via an app (Source)

Partnering with Bosch, HUK-Coburg delivered a pay-as-you-drive app that makes use of the digital twin pattern to collect driving behavior data and then modify car insurance rates. Initially, the car insurance provider targeted drivers aged 25 and below with its SmartDrive tariff. With this app, HUK-Coburg expects up to 30% reductions in liability and casket tariffs annually. Its operation is based on a connectivity control unit. Mounted in a vehicle, the device transfers information about acceleration, sharp braking, steering movements, and location via a mobile network to the Bosch IoT Cloud. In this way, insurance companies can quantify the driver’s behavior to offer proportional bonuses and discounts. The HUK Smart Driver app (Source)

Using Cloud Foundry outside Bosch IoT Cloud

Bosch is also working with IBM to explore the potential uses of the blockchain technology in IoT. In three months, the collaboration has resulted in a proof of concept for countering fraudulent automotive parts. The solution is based on Hyperledger Fabric available in IBM Blockchain. The offering is delivered through the IBM Bluemix platform—another Cloud Foundry distribution.

An architecture for a fraud detection proof of concept (Source)

Bosch is also investigating how it can use blockchain to improve other processes and services in logistics, supply chain, sharing economy (e.g., car sharing), community-based parking, etc. In addition, blockchain can serve to ensure the accuracy of odometer and mileage data, as well as for creating a digital logbook with data like this.

Another example is the Secure Truck Parking app, which is available through the SAP HANA Cloud Platform—an open PaaS integrated with Cloud Foundry. Using the SAP Vehicles Network, the app assists truck drivers in finding and reserving parking spaces in advance. According to Bosch, truck drivers, on average, visit four parking lots before finding a vacant spot. The solution not only saves time, but also provides additional security by choosing from those offerings that include complementary services, such as CCTV monitoring and 24-hour guards.

The web interface of the Secure Truck Parking app (Source)

Realizing that software has become a real power today, Bosch is determined to make the best of it to drive innovations and improvements across its workflows and products. The company is an example of how an established business with more than a 130-year history can not only survive the digital disruption, but gain more influence.

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Table of contents In what way is software affecting industrial manufacturing? (1:03) How are IoT solutions being developed currently? (10:25) How can IoT development be improved? (13:45) What is Eclipse IoT doing for Bosch? (15:30) How does the Bosch IoT Cloud platform work? (17:50) Integrating Cloud Foundry: The challenge with protocols (21:39) Integrating Cloud Foundry: The challenge with container networking (23:16) Integrating Cloud Foundry: The challenge with backing services (25:06) What work groups are focused on IoT? (27:40)

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About the experts

Steffen Evers leads the Open-Source Services team of Bosch Software Innovations. The team provides development services for open-source software (OSS) that is essential for Bosch and consults on strategy, community work, software management, and compliance processes in the OSS area. Steffen has researched, taught, and promoted open-source development and supported various companies in the use of OSS to achieve their business objectives.

Stefan Ferber is Vice President for Engineering at Bosch Software Innovations in Germany. He oversees development of the company’s open IoT platform—Bosch IoT Suite—with 130+ developers in Berlin, Immenstaad, Singapore, Waiblingen, and Bangalore, leveraging a strong network with corporate and open-source partners. Stefan also represented Bosch in the German “Industrie 4.0 Platform” and is a member of the European “Internet of Things Council.”