Blind People's Ability to Echo-locate

Author: University of Western Ontario

Published: 2011-05-26

Synopsis and Key Points:

There are blind people who have learned to utter clicks and to use the returning echoes from those clicks to sense their surroundings.

Main Digest

It is common knowledge that bats and dolphins echo-locate, emitting bursts of sounds and then listening to the echoes that bounce back to detect objects. What is less well-known is that people can echo-locate too. In fact, there are blind people who have learned to make clicks with their mouths and to use the returning echoes from those clicks to sense their surroundings. Some of these individuals are so adept at echolocation that they can use this skill to navigate unknown environments, and participate in activities such as mountain biking and basketball.

Researchers at The University of Western Ontario's Center for Brain and Mind (London, Ontario, Canada) have recently shown that blind echolocation experts use what is normally the 'visual' part of their brain to process the clicks and echoes. The study, appearing this month in the scientific journal PLoS ONE, is the first to investigate the neural basis of natural human echolocation.

Senior author Mel Goodale, Canada Research Chair in Visual Neuroscience, and Director of the Center for Brain and Mind, says, "It is clear echolocation enables blind people to do things otherwise thought to be impossible without vision and can provide blind and visually-impaired people with a high degree of independence."

Goodale and his team of researchers first made recordings of the clicks and their very faint echoes using tiny microphones in the ears of the blind echo-locators as they stood outside and tried to identify different objects such as a car, a flag pole, and a tree. The researchers then played the recorded sounds back to the echo-locators while their brain activity was being measured in Western's state-of-the-art 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain scanner.

Remarkably, when the echolocation recordings were played back to the blind experts, not only did they perceive the objects based on the echoes, but they also showed activity in those areas of their brain that normally process visual information in sighted people. Most interestingly, the brain areas that process auditory information were no more activated by sound recordings of outdoor scenes containing echoes than they were by sound recordings of outdoor scenes with the echoes removed.

When the same experiment was carried out with sighted control people who did not echo-locate, these individuals could not perceive the objects, and neither did their brain show any echo-related activity, suggesting visual brain areas play an important role for echolocation in blind people.

According to Goodale, this research will provide a deeper understanding of brain function, particularly how the senses are processed and what happens neurologically when one sense is lost.

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Page Citation:

Journal: Disabled World. Language: English. Author: University of Western Ontario. Electronic Publication Date: 2011-05-26. Last Revised Date: 2011-05-26. Reference Title: "Blind People's Ability to Echo-locate", Source: Blind People's Ability to Echo-locate. Abstract: There are blind people who have learned to utter clicks and to use the returning echoes from those clicks to sense their surroundings. Retrieved 2020-09-30, from https://www.disabled-world.com/disability/types/vision/echolocate.php - Reference Category Number: DW#251-7759.