Russia will next month hold its biggest war games since the fall of the Soviet Union, Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu says, in a massive military exercise that will also involve the Chinese and Mongolian armies.

Key points: Drills to involve almost 300,000 troops and more than 1,000 aircraft

Drills to involve almost 300,000 troops and more than 1,000 aircraft War games biggest since a Soviet military exercise in 1981

War games biggest since a Soviet military exercise in 1981 Exercises will take place from September 11-15

The exercise, called Vostok-2018 (East-2018), will take place in central and eastern Russian military districts and involve almost 300,000 troops, more than 1,000 military aircraft, two of Russia's naval fleets, and all of its airborne units, Mr Shoigu said in a statement.

The manoeuvres will take place at a time of heightened tension between the West and Russia, which is concerned about what it says is an unjustified build-up of the NATO military alliance on its western flank.

NATO says it has beefed up its forces in eastern Europe to deter potential Russian military action after Moscow annexed Ukraine's Crimea in 2014 and backed a pro-Russian uprising in eastern Ukraine.

The war games, which will take place from September 11-15, are likely to worry Japan, which has already complained about a Russian military build-up in the Far East, something Moscow has linked to Tokyo's roll-out of the Aegis US missile system.

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is due to attend a forum in the Russian city of Vladivostok during the same period, and a Japanese Foreign Ministry official said on Tuesday that Tokyo always paid attention to shifts in Russian-Chinese military cooperation.

Chinese military units will also be involved in the exercises. ( Reuters: China Daily )

Mr Shoigu said the war games would be the biggest since a Soviet military exercise, Zapad-81 (West-81) in 1981.

"In some ways they will repeat aspects of Zapad-81, but in other ways the scale will be bigger," Mr Shoigu told reporters, while visiting the Russian region of Khakassia.

Mr Shoigu said that both Russia's Pacific and Northern fleets would take part, while the Russian Ministry of Defence has said that Chinese and Mongolian military units would also participate.

NATO briefed and will monitor drills

Asked if the cost of holding such a massive military exercise was justified at a time when Russia is faced with higher social spending demands, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said such war games were essential.

"The country's ability to defend itself in the current international situation, which is often aggressive and unfriendly towards our country, means [the exercise] is justified," Mr Peskov told reporters on a conference call.

The war games will take place during heightened tensions between Russia and the West. ( AP: Ivan Sekretarev )

When asked if China's involvement meant Moscow and Beijing were moving towards an alliance, Mr Peskov said it showed that the two were cooperating in all areas.

China and Russia have taken part in joint military drills before but not on such a large scale.

NATO spokesman Dylan White said that Russia had briefed the alliance on the planned exercise in May and that NATO would monitor it.

Russia had invited military attaches from NATO countries based in Moscow to observe the war games, an offer he said was under consideration.

"All nations have the right to exercise their armed forces, but it is essential that this is done in a transparent and predictable manner," Mr White said in a statement.

"Vostok demonstrates Russia's focus on exercising large-scale conflict.

"It fits into a pattern we have seen over some time: a more assertive Russia, significantly increasing its defence budget and its military presence."

The war games will take place late next month. ( Reuters )

Mr Shoigu this month announced the start of snap combat readiness checks in central and eastern military districts ahead of the planned exercise.

"Imagine 36,000 armoured vehicles — tanks, armoured personnel carriers and armoured infantry vehicles — moving and working simultaneously, and that all this, naturally, is being tested in conditions as close as possible to military ones," Mr Shoigu said on Tuesday.

Reuters