The following is excerpted from Dock Ellis in the Country of Baseball, by Donald Hall. It is reprinted here with the author's permission.

Dock Ellis is moderately famous for throwing at batters. On May 1, 1974, he tied a major-league record by hitting three batters in a row. They were the first three batters up, in the first inning. They were Cincinnati Reds batters. Dock's control was just fine.

Four days earlier, I had seen him at a party in Pittsburgh. I wandered around, talking to various people. Dock's attorney and friend Tom Reich was there, shaking his head in disapproval of a plan of Dock's. I met Dock in the kitchen fixing a drink. I asked him with some awe, "Are you really going to hit every Cincinnati ballplayer Wednesday night?"


He returned the awe. "How you know that?" he said.

We must now consider the history, philosophy, and psychology of hitting batters.


In the challenge between mount and plate, which is the center of the game, a reputation can be as effective as an extra pitch. Dock: "The hitter will try to take advantage of you. Like if you are a pitcher who throws a lot of breaking balls, a lot of sliding fast balls, or if you pitch away, the hitter will have a tendency to lean across the plate. Quite naturally, if they know that this is your routine, they'll be trying to go at the ball, to get a better swing at it. They'll be moving up closer on the plate. Therefore, when you throw in on them, you don't throw to hit them, you throw to brush them back. That means: 'Give me some of the plate. Let me have my part, and you take yours! Get away! Give me some room to pitch with!'

"As far as hitting a batter, there are situations when it is called for, like sometimes a pitcher might intentionally or unintentionally hit a batter, or throw two balls near a hitter. The other team, to retaliate, will either knock someone down or hit a batter."


Not all pitchers will throw at batters. If you are a batter, you want your pitchers to throw at their hitters, to protect you. Bob Veale was the Pirates' best pitcher for years. Between 1962 and 1972, he won 116 games. But he had a flaw. Gene Clines, a Pirate outfielder at the time, talked to me after Veale was traded to Boston: "He can throw the ball through a brick wall, but everybody knew that he was a gentle giant. If Veale would knock you down, it had to be a mistake. He didn't want to hurt anybody." Clines shook his head in bewildered melancholy. "Who's going to challenge him? Nobody on the baseball field is going to say, 'I'm going to go out and get Bob V eale.'… Take a left-handed hitter. Take Willie. They going to be going up to the plate, and digging in, knowing that Veale is not going to knock them down…." He shakes his head again, at the waste of it all.

"Blass was the same way." Steve Blass announced in 1973 that he would not throw at batters, even if management fined him for disobeying orders. "Now he was one guy that personally I really didn't like to play behind," Clines told me. "If they knock me down two or three times… well, if he throws at a batter, he's gonna say, 'Watch out!'… and I don't want that, because they never told me to watch out! They trying to knock my head off! Why go out there and play behind a guy that's not going to protect you?"


Manny Sanguillen: "I tell you about Veale. The only player Veale used to knock down was Willie McCovey. The only one. I was catching. Because McCovey hurt him so much." McCovey hurt Veale by hitting long balls off him. "You remember when McCovey had the operation here?" Manny, whose hands are as quick as the expressions on his face, jabs at his right knee. "Veale used to throw down at the knee!"

When Bruce Kison came up to the Pirates, Dock took to him immediately. Although Kison was 6-foot-6 and weighed only 155 lbs. when he first reported (in the locker room, Dock says, when Kison breathed and filled his frail chest with air, he looked like a greyhound who could walk on his hind legs), he had acquired a reputation for hitting batters. If you hit batters, it is sensible to weigh 230 and look mean at all times.


"I was wild," says Bruce Kison, sprawled and smiling. "I've always had a reputation… I have a fastball that runs in, on a right-handed hitter. In the minor leagues in one game I hit seven batters." Kison laughs, as if he were telling about a time in high school when he attempted a foolish escapade, like chaining a cow in the women's gym, and the cow kicked him, but nobody got hurt. "I was just completely wild. I hit three guys in a row. There were two outs. The manager came out of the dugout and said, 'Bruce, I know you're not trying to hit these guys, but we'll have the whole stands out on the field pretty soon!'

"The next guy up was a big catcher. No, he was an outfielder, but he came up to the plate with catchers gear on…"


I want to make sure I understand. "But you do, on occasion, throw at batters?"

"Certainly." Kison is no longer smiling. He sounds almost pedantic. "That is part of pitching."


A pitcher establishes his reputation early. Dock came up to Pittsburgh in 1968, and in 1969 was a regular starter. He quickly established himself as mean and strong. "Cepeda is the biggest," says Dock. So it was necessary for Dock to hit Cepeda. "He was trying to take advantage of me because I was a rookie. He was trying to scare me. I let him know, then, that I was not the type dude to fuck around with. It was a big thing, because who would be hitting Cepeda? If you went for the biggest guy, it meant you would go for anybody. You weren't scared of anybody. I hit McCovey, and I really got up on McCovey that year. But he's not so big. Cepeda is the biggest. The rest of the season, from that point on, I had no trouble with the hitters. They were all running."


Sometimes one courts trouble, hitting batters.

In 1969, in Montreal, "I hit Mack Jones in the head, but I wasn't trying to hit him in the head. I was trying to hit him in the side.


"They had hit Clemente in the chest. So I said, 'The first batter up, I'm going to try to kill him. Mack Jones was the first batter. I threw at him. I missed him. I threw at him again. He ducked and it hit him in the head. He came out to the mound, like he was coming at me." Players rushed out on the field. Enormous Dick Radatz, relief pitcher recently traded from Detroit to Montreal, ran in from the bullpen toward the mound. Dock addressed Radatz, "Hey, man, I'll turn you into a piece… of… meat!" Radatz stopped in his tracks.

The umpire behind home plate looked as if he planned to interfere, possibly even to throw Dock out of the game. "But Clemente," Dock remembers, "he intervened, and he told the umpire, 'You leave Dock alone. The motherfuckers hit me twice! Don't mess with Dock!'"


On Wednesday night, May 1, 1974, the Reds were in Pittsburgh. Dock was starting against Cincinnati for the firs time that year. As it developed, he was also starting against Cincinnati for the last time that year.


Beginning in spring training, among the palm trees and breezes and gas shortages of Bradenton on the Gulf Coast of Florida, Dock had planned to hit as many Cincinnati batters as possible, when he first pitched against them. He had told some of his teammates, but they were not sure he meant It. Dock loves to sell wolf tickets ("Wolf tickets? Some people are always selling them, some people are always buying them… ") and the Pirate ball club had learned not always to take him literally.

Manny knew he meant it. At the regular team meeting before the game—the Pirates meet at the start of each series, to discuss the ball club they are about to engage—Dock said there was no need to go over Cincinnati batters, their strengths and weaknesses. "I'm just going to mow the lineup down," he said. To Manny (who later claimed to the press that he had never seen anybody so wild), Dock said, "Don't even give me no signal. Just try to catch the ball. If you can't catch it, forget it."


Taking his usual warm-up pitches, Dock noticed Pete Rose standing at one side of the batter's box, leaning on his bat, studying his delivery. On his next-to-last warm-up, Dock let fly at Rose and almost hit him.

A distant early warning.


In fact, he had considered not hitting Pete Rose at all. He and Rose are friends, but of course friendship, as the commissioner of baseball would insist, must never prevent even-handed treatment. No, Dock had considered not hitting Pete Rose because Rose would take it so well. He predicted that Rose, once hit, would make no acknowledgment of pain—no grimace, no rubbing the afflicted shoulder—but would run at top speed for first base, indicating clearly to his teammates that there was nothing to fear. "He's going to charge first base, and make it look like nothing." Having weighed the whole matter, Dock decided to hit him anyway.

It was a pleasant evening in Pittsburgh, the weather beginning to get warmer, perhaps 55 degrees, when Dock threw the first pitch. "The first pitch to Pete Rose was directed toward his head," as Dock expresses it, "not actually to hit him," but as "the message, to let him know that he was going to get hit. More or less to press his lips. I knew if I could get close to the head that I could get them in the body. Because they're looking to protect their head, they'll give me the body." The next pitch was behind him. "The next one, I hit him in the side."


Pete Rose's response was even more devastating than Dock had anticipated. He smiled. Then he picked the ball up, where it had fallen beside him, and gently, underhand, tossed it back to Dock. Then he lit for first as if trying out for the Olympics.

As Dock says, with huge approval, "You have to be good, to be a hot dog."

As Rose bent down to pick up the ball, he had exchanged a word with Joe Morgan who was batting next. Morgan and Rose are close friends, called "pepper and salt" by some of the ballplayers. Morgan taunted Rose, "He doesn't like you anyway. You're a white guy."


Dock hit Morgan in the kidneys with his first pitch.

By this time, both benches were agog. It was Mayday on May Day. The Pirates realized that Dock was doing what he said he would do. The Reds were watching him do it. "I looked over on the bench, they were all with their eyes wide and their mouths wide open, like, 'I don't believe it!'


"The next batter was Driessen. I threw a ball to him. High inside. The next one, I hit him in the back."

Bases loaded, no outs. Tony Perez, Cincinnati first baseman, came to bat. He did not dig in. "There was no way I could hit him. He was running. The first one I threw behind him, over his head, up against the screen, but it came back off the glass, and they didn't advance. I threw behind him because be was backing up, but then he stepped in front of the ball. The next three pitches, he was running…. I walked him." A run carne in. "The next hitter was Johnny Bench. I tried to deck him twice. I threw at his jaw, and he moved. I threw at the back of his head, and he moved."


With two balls and no strikes on Johnny Bench—11 pitches gone: three hit batsmen, one walk, one run, and now two balls—Murtaugh approached the mound. "He came out as if to say, 'What's wrong? Can't find the plate?' " Dock was suspicious that his manager really knew what he was doing. "No," said Dock, 'I must have Blass-itis." (It was genuine wildness—not throwing at batters—that had destroyed Steve Blass the year before.)

"He looked at me hard," Dock remembers. "He said 'I'm going to bring another guy in.' So I just walked off the mound."


In his May Day experiment, his point was not to hit batters; his point was to kick Cincinnati ass. Pittsburgh was down, in last place, lethargic and limp and lifeless. Cincinnati was fighting it out with Los Angeles, confident it would prevail at the end. And for Pittsburgh, Cincinnati was The Enemy.


In 1970, Cincinnati beat Pittsburgh in the Championship Series for the National League pennant. In 1971 with Cincinnati out of it, Pittsburgh took the pennant in a play-off with the Giants, then beat Baltimore in a seven-game Series. In 1972, three months before Roberto Clemente's death, Cincinnati beat Pittsburgh in the Championship Series, three games to two.

"Then," says Dock, "they go on TV and say the Pirates ain't nothing…." Bruce Kison adds, "We got beat fairly in the score, but the way the Cincinnati ball club—the players sitting on the bench—were hollering and yelling at us like little leaguers. It left a bad taste in my mouth. I remember that. When I do go against Cincinnati, there's a little advantage."


In the winter of 1973–74, and at spring training, Dock began to feel that the Pirates had lost aggressiveness.


"Spring training had just begun, and I say, 'You are scared of Cincinnati.' That's what I told my teammates. 'You are always scared of Cincinnati.' I've watched us lose games against Cincinnati and its ridiculous. I've pitched some good games at Cincinnati, but the majority I've lost, because I feel like we weren't aggressive. Every time we play Cincinnati, the hitters are on their ass."

"Is that what the players are afraid of?" I asked.

"Physically afraid," said Dock. In 1970, '71, and '72, he says, the rest of the league was afraid of the Pirates. "They say, 'Here come the big bad Pirates. They're going to kick our ass!' Like they give up. That's what our team was starting to do. When Cincinnati showed up in spring training, I saw all the ballplayers doing the same thing. They were running over, talking, laughing and hee-haw this and that.


"Cincinnati will bullshit with us and kick our ass and laugh at us. They're the only team that talk about us like a dog. Whenever we play that team, everybody socializes with them." In the past the roles had been reversed. "When they ran over to us, we knew they were afraid of us. When I saw our team doing it, right then I say, 'We gonna get down. We gonna do the do. I'm going to hit these motherfuckers.'"

When Dock had announced his intentions, he did not receive total support.

"Several of my teammates told me that they would not be there. When the shit went down they would not be on the mound. Bob Robertson told me that. It really hurt me. I believe he was serious."


"Why?"

"Because this was benefiting him. He wasn't hitting but .102. Pitches coming up around his neck."


From time to time a batter who has been hit, or thrown at, will advance on the pitcher, the dugouts will empty, and there will be a baseball fight. Mostly, baseball fights are innocuous. But Dick McAuliffe once dislocated Tommy John's shoulder, and Campy Campaneris threw his bat at Lerrin LaGrow. But Dock thinks and plans. "I talked to other pitchers who have dealt with them on this level, one being Bob Gibson. He hits them at random! In fact, Pete Rose and Tommy Helms tried to whip Gibson, and Gibson got in both of them's stuff, in the dugout. He just went in and got them.


"I took everything into consideration, when I did what I did. Because I had to figure out who would fight us. Manpower per manpower, it had to be them. That's the only team that I could see would really try to deal with us. I was thinking of the physical ability of the two teams, and that was the only one that was comparable to us. The only one I could think of that was physically next was Philadelphia, and they wouldn't want to fight us. No way would they want to fight us. If I hit 20 of them in a row, they ain't going to fight."

Donald Hall, a former Poet Laureate, has written over 50 books, including the recently-published, Essays After Eighty. Sports fans will want to cop Fathers Playing Catch with Sons and Dock Ellis in the Country of Baseball.


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