The Dow Jones Industrial Average rebounded from seven-session streak of declines with its best day in more than a decade, lifted by investors’ bets that central banks can stabilize markets and shield economic growth from the impact of the coronavirus epidemic.

Monday’s moves helped reverse some of the declines suffered last week—the worst for major U.S. indexes since the financial crisis. Gains were broad-based, with all 11 sectors of the S&P 500 rising more than 2%. Apple and Microsoft surged, adding a combined $193 billion...