Lawmakers have published a bipartisan letter calling on the US government to withdraw support for a military attack on Yemen’s port city of Hodeida, which could unleash a humanitarian disaster that starves millions of civilians.



By Ben Norton

Lawmakers from both major parties have published a letter calling on the U.S. government to withdraw support for a military attack on Yemen’s port city of Hodeida, which would almost certainly unleash a humanitarian disaster that could starve millions of people.

The letter — which follows in full below — was signed by prominent Democratic and Republican congressmen, and is directly addressed to Secretary of Defense James Mattis.

With blessings from the United States, military forces led by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates launched an attack on Wednesday, June 13 on Hodeida, the site where some 80 percent of humanitarian aid enters Yemen, the poorest country in the Middle East.

The U.S. military is providing intelligence assistance to the Saudi- and Emirati-led forces in the battle. The U.S. has played a key role in the war in Yemen, since Saudi Arabia first launched its bombardment campaign in March 2015, selling the Gulf monarchy billions of dollars in weapons and providing in-air refueling and intelligence support.

The United Nations and humanitarian organizations vociferously spoke out against the assault on Hodeida, warning it could push Yemen over the brink into famine. A staggering 8.4 million Yemenis are already on the verge of starvation, and 10 million more could face starvation by the end of 2018.

Another 250,000 Yemenis are also in danger of losing their lives from the brutal fighting. The United Nations humanitarian coordinator in Yemen, Lise Grande, warned, “A military attack or siege on Hodeidah will impact hundreds of thousands of innocent civilians.”

“In a prolonged worst case, we fear that as many as 250,000 people may lose everything — even their lives,” Grande added.

The New York Times reported, citing diplomats who were involved in negotiations to try to stop the attack on Hodeida, that “the Emiratis, who are leading the push for an attack, are looking to launch their planned assault while Washington’s attention is focused this week on the summit meeting between President Trump and the North Korean leader, Kim Jong-un.”

U.S.-backed Saudi bombing has already killed thousands of Yemeni civilians and unleashed the largest humanitarian catastrophe in the world. More than 100,000 Yemeni children have died from preventable causes — with a new death every 10 minutes.

The U.S.-Saudi coalition has repeatedly bombed civilian areas, including a newly constructed cholera treatment center on Monday, June 11.

The letter campaign was led by Wisconsin Democratic Representative Mark Pocan, who wrote, “The Saudi and Emirati assault on Yemen’s major port, with US logistical aid, could threaten 250,000 lives and force millions more to starve to death.”

“Democrats AND Republicans are demanding the Pentagon to stop the operation and disclose unauthorized US participation this war,” Pocan said.

The Saudi and Emirati assault on Yemen's major port, with US logistical aid, could threaten 250,000 lives and force millions more to starve to death. Democrats AND Republicans are demanding the Pentagon to stop the operation and disclose unauthorized US participation this war. pic.twitter.com/8m17mC7qgC — Rep. Mark Pocan (@repmarkpocan) June 13, 2018

Rep. Pocan is the co-chair of the House Progressive Caucus. The letter was also signed by Michigan Republican Justin Amash, a self-described libertarian who chairs the House Liberty Caucus.

Happy to join @repmarkpocan on this letter. We must reclaim congressional war powers and stop these endless wars. https://t.co/2Yr6mRiHx2 — Justin Amash (@justinamash) June 13, 2018

The other signatories on the letter were Ro Khanna (D-CA), Thomas Massie (R-KY), Barbara Lee (D-CA), Walter Jones (R-NC), and Ted Lieu (D-CA).

The full text of the U.S. congressmen’s letter to Secretary of Defense Mattis follows below:

Urgent bipartisan call to Sec. Mattis to avert famine-triggering attack on Yemen’s major port and disclose full U.S. role in Saudi-led war

Dear Secretary Mattis:

As members of Congress closely following the war led by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates against Yemen’s Houthi rebels—and the humanitarian crisis that the conflict has triggered—we are deeply alarmed by the prospect of intensified and prolonged hostilities. We urge you to use all available means to avert a catastrophic military assault on Yemen’s major port city of Hodeida by the Saudi-led coalition, and to present Congress with immediate clarification regarding the full scope of U.S. military involvement in that conflict. We remind you that three years into the conflict, active U.S. participation in Saudi-led hostilities against Yemen’s Houthis has never been authorized by Congress, in violation of the Constitution.1

Just over a year ago, a bipartisan group of 55 members of Congress sent a letter to the Trump Administration raising serious concerns regarding a potential Saudi- and UAE-led coalition attack against the Houthi-controlled port of Hodeida, with the possible consent and support of the United States.2 Though the offensive was ultimately forestalled, the Washington Post reports that you had “asked for approval of the rejected Hodeida operation, including additional surveillance, intelligence and operational assistance.”3

A renewed push by coalition forces to cut off and capture Hodeida led the Washington Post to editorialize, “The world’s worst humanitarian crisis could get even worse,” and experts warn that such an assault would destroy the prospects for a peace settlement.4 Save the Children noted that a closure of Hodeida port would lead to a “devastating cut in the humanitarian and commercial supply chain just when it’s needed most,” and that an assault on the city could displace “an additional 340,000 people.”5 In light of your April 2017 remarks that the war must be resolved “politically as soon as possible,” we urge you to use all tools at your disposal to dissuade the Saudi-led coalition from moving forward with this offensive and reject the provision of U.S. logistical, military and diplomatic support for any such operation.6 As the Washington Post editorial noted, the United States should “use its leverage to stop this reckless venture.”

Additionally, in light of recent New York Times revelations that “late last year, a team of about a dozen Green Berets arrived on Saudi Arabia’s border with Yemen, in a continuing escalation of America’s secret wars,” we seek immediate clarification on U.S. participation in the coalition’s war against the Houthis. Despite “virtually no public discussion or debate,” according to the Times, “Army commandos are helping locate and destroy caches of ballistic missiles and launch sites” of Houthi rebels in Yemen—activities which “appear to contradict Pentagon statements.”7 In light of these operations, please explain the following remarks, which include sworn testimony and classified briefings by Pentagon officials to Congress:

During a classified Senate briefing in March 2018, Senators “pressed Pentagon officials about the military’s role in the Saudi-led conflict,” yet Defense Department representatives stated that “American forces stationed in Saudi Arabia only advised within the kingdom’s borders and were focused mostly on border defense.” 8

On March 13, 2018, Gen. Votel, Commander of U.S. Central Command, told the Senate Armed Services Committee that CENTCOM is “authorized to help the Saudis defend their border. We are doing that through intelligence sharing, through logistics support and through military advice that we provide to them,” yet, he added, “we’re not parties to this conflict.” 9

At the request of Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, William Castle, Acting General Counsel of the Department of Defense, sent a letter to the Senate asserting that U.S. support “does not involve any introduction of U.S. forces into hostilities.” 10

On March 14, 2018 you wrote to the Senate that “neither President Obama nor President Trump authorized the use of U.S. military force against the Houthis. Our support takes the form of intelligence sharing, military advice, and logistical support, including air-to-air refueling. This non-combat support is focused on improving coalition processes and procedures, especially regarding compliance with the law of armed conflict and best practices for reducing the risk of civilian casualties.”11

We are concerned that in the midst of a Senate effort to exercise its constitutional authority to end unauthorized hostilities—including U.S. targeting and refueling assistance for Saudi-led airstrikes against Yemen’s Houthis—the Pentagon may have concealed key information from members of Congress regarding the full extent of on-the-ground U.S. military participation in the Saudi coalition-led war.

In violation of the War Powers Resolution of 1973, no specific statutory authorization exists for U.S. military personnel that coordinate, participate in the movement of, and accompany Saudi forces into hostilities against Yemen’s Houthis, or into circumstances where an imminent threat exists that Saudi forces will become engaged in such hostilities.12 The Houthis, reported the Times, “have not been classified by the American government as a terrorist group,” and are not covered by any existing Authorization for Use of Military Force.13

The New York Times editorial board concluded that “the Pentagon and the Trump administration apparently have misled Americans about growing military involvement in a war in Yemen that we should have nothing to do with.”14 The Saudi-led coalition, the editorial board added, is “the main driver of the misery” in Yemen, “with its air bombardments against civilian areas, and a land, air and sea blockade that is keeping large quantities of food, fuel and medicine from reaching millions of people.”15

We call on you to immediately disclose the full extent of the U.S. military role in the Saudi-led war against Yemen’s Houthis, including the use of special operations forces; disclose any role that the Pentagon is currently performing, has been asked to perform, or is considering performing regarding an attack on the port of Hodeida; and issue a public declaration opposing this impending assault and restating the Administration’s position that Saudi Arabia and other parties to the conflict should accept an immediate ceasefire and move toward a political settlement to resolve the conflict.

In light of a possibly disastrous offensive on Hodeida, we remind you that under Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, Congress alone has the power to declare and authorize war, and the War Powers Resolution allows any individual member of Congress to force a debate and floor vote to remove U.S. forces from unauthorized hostilities. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee explicitly declared in 1973 that provisions of the War Powers Resolution were intended to “prevent secret, unauthorized military support activities” and avert “ever deepening ground combat involvement” in foreign conflicts, including via “U.S. ‘advisers’ to accompany” foreign armed forces into imminent hostilities.15 Your prompt responses will better enable us to exercise our exclusive constitutional responsibility to authorize and oversee the offensive use of U.S. military force.

Sincerely,

[Members of Congress]

CC: Secretary of State Mike Pompeo

Gen. Joseph Votel, head of United States Central Command

William Castle, Acting General Counsel of the Department of Defense

Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell

Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer

Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chair Bob Corker

Senate Foreign Relations Committee Ranking Member Robert Menendez

House Speaker Paul Ryan

House Minority Leader Pelosi

House Foreign Affairs Committee Chair Ed Royce

House Foreign Affairs Committee Ranking Member Eliot Engel

[1] Ro Khanna, Mark Pocan and Walter Jones, “Stop the Unconstitutional War in Yemen,” New York Times, October 10, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/10/opinion/yemen-war-unconstitutional.html

[2] “Bipartisan Effort: 55 U.S. Representatives Call on Trump to Come to Congress Before Taking Military Action in Yemen,” Apr 11, 2017. https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/bipartisan-effort-55-us-representatives-call-on-trump-to-come-to

[3] Karen DeYoung and Missy Ryan, “Despite U.S. warnings, Yemeni forces backed by UAE advance toward crucial port,” Washington Post, June 4, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/despite-us-warnings-yemeni-forces-backed-by-uae-advance-toward-crucial-port/2018/06/04/08a1af40-6765-11e8-bf8c-f9ed2e672adf_story.html

[4] “The world’s worst humanitarian crisis could get even worse,” The Washington Post, May 28, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/the-worlds-worst-humanitarian-crisis-could-get-even-worse/2018/05/28/cadc952e-6040-11e8-b2b8-08a538d9dbd6_story.html; “Martin Griffiths, Special Envoy for Yemen makes his first briefing to the Security Council,” April 17, 2018. https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/martin-griffiths-special-envoy-yemen-makes-his-first-briefing-security-council-enar

[5] “Save the Children Statement on Hudaydah,” Save the Children, May 30, 2018. https://www.facebook.com/notes/save-the-children-yemen/save-the-children-statement-on-hodeidah/1930895286930016/

[6] “Bipartisan Group of 16 Lawmakers Threaten to Block U.S. Military Escalation in Yemen if not Briefed by Pentagon,” May 3, 2017. https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/bipartisan-group-of-16-lawmakers-threaten-to-block-us-military

[7] Helene Cooper, Thomas Gibbons-Neff and Eric Schmitt, “Army Special Forces Secretly Help Saudis Combat Threat From Yemen Rebels,” New York Times, May 3, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/03/us/politics/green-berets-saudi-yemen-border-houthi.html

[8] Ibid.

[9] Eric Schmitt and Thomas Gibbons-Neff, New York Times, “Before Saudi Visit, Congress Questions U.S. Support for Yemen Campaign,” March 18, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/18/us/politics/trump-saudi-yemen.html

[10] Akbar Shahid Ahmed, “Legal Scholars Trash Pentagon’s Effort To Prevent Senate Debate On Yemen War,” Huffington Post, March 6, 2018. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/legal-scholars-trash-trump-pentagon-effort-to-prevent-senate-debate-on-yemen-war_us_5a9f0d99e4b002df2c5e895d

[11] Letter to Congressional leaders, March 14, 2008, http://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/documents/world/defense-secretary-jim-mattiss-letter-to-congressional-leaders/2837/

[12] U.S. Congress, War Powers Resolution of 1973, Section 8(c) 50 U.S.C. 1541–1548.

[13] Cooper, Gibbons-Neff, Schmitt, “Army Special Forces Secretly Help Saudis,” New York Times.

[14] Editorial Board, “Why Are American Troops in the Yemen War?” New York Times, May 3, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/03/opinion/american-troops-yemen.html

[15] Editorial Board, “America’s Role in Yemen’s Agony Can End on Capitol Hill,” New York Times, March 19, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/19/opinion/mohammed-bin-salman-america-yemen.html

[16] U.S. Congress, S.Rept. 93-220, p 24.