GROOM LAKE - AREA 51 A-12 ARCHANGEL CIA PROJECT OXCART

HOW THEY GOT HERE

By Frank Murray, A-12 Pilot and Roadrunners Internationale Historian

The Challenge of Transporting the A-12s to Area 51 - V.2

By Frank Murray, A-12 Pilot and Roadrunners Internationale Historian

Foreword:

This piece of the History of the Lockheed A-12 is dedicated to the memory of Dorsey G. Kammerer. Dorsey was a part of the Lockheed SkunkWorks from its inception. He was an "inside" man on the team that built the P-38 Lightning, the P-80 Shooting Star, the F-104 Starfighter, the U-2 Angel and the A-12 Archangel and the other versions, the YF-12 and the SR-71.

Dorsey that had the foresight to save the photos that help document this story. Dorsey's family found these gems and made them available for this story. This story has never really been told in much detail before. I have collected the pictures for display as an addendum to the text.

This re-do of the original "Challenge of Transporting the A-12s to Area 51" does not change the compass of the original, only expands on a good story, made even better.

Background:

From the beginning of Project OXCART, it was known that the A-12s would be built in the SkunkWorks within the Lockheed Plant complex in Burbank, California and that the A-12s would have to be transported overland to Area 51 for flight testing, development and training of the Project Pilots. Long before the first A-12 airplane was ready for transport, the full scale model was built and had to be taken to the Area for installation on the radar range for studies of its radar cross section. The carriages that contained the model were smaller but all of these were oversize requiring a special travel permit. This trip to haul the full scale model was started in November 1959 and took three days to complete. The largest of these packages was 65' long and 32.6' wide.

This story chronicles the efforts to build and use the carriages repeatedly to move the fully built A-12s and the YF-12s from Burbank to Area 51. Eighteen trips were made to Area 51 and three trips were made to Palmdale to carry the first three SR-71s built.

V.2 of this story takes advantage of recently discovered pictures of this challenging effort by a relatively small group of Lockheed engineers and industrial craftsmen. The author of this story believes that these men are some of the un-sung heroes of the development of the world's fastest airplane. The safe operation of the transportation of these airplanes was aided by the California and Nevada Highway Patrols. Many of the people that did this work have deceased but their story carries on for posterity. Thanks to Lockheed for having the project photographed. Thanks to the California and Nevada Highway Patrols for their unwavering support.

The Survey:

Dorsey Kammerer was appointed to head up the activity to build and use the transportation carriage system. An early-on step was to equip a pickup truck with a set of extension poles sized to the width, height of the main transport carriage trailer. An initial plan was to drive the best estimate route of travel, noting the obstacles to easy movement of the carriage boxes. Several photos show this arrangement and its use along the roads. Where necessary, the obstacles were noted and steps were taken later to remove the obstacles. In some places the roadside barriers such as signs were moved or in some cases cut off, then hinged for ease in lowering. Some trees had to be cut as well; roadside soils had to be cleared in places. The Highway Patrols were helpful in arranging for the removal of such impediments. This survey work started in 1959 and the route to travel was ready for the first trip in February 1962. Planning for the stopover places along the route was coordinated with the Highway Patrols. Places to stay overnight were included in the Master Plan. All the while the design and construction of the carriage system was ongoing in the SkunkWorks. Many great pictures show the project in work.

The Carriage System:

As mentioned earlier, the carriage trailers were under construction alongside the A-12 airplanes in the SkunkWorks. Two carriage boxes were built to carry the pre-built airplanes. The larger box would carry the main part of the airplane, while the smaller box was sized to carry the removable outer wing/nacelles pieces as well as the rudders, forward fuselage section and assorted small bits and pieces. Both boxes used a steel framework to mount the carriage wheels and tow system. The large box was 105 feet long with a width of 35 feet, truly a wide load by any standard. Both trailer boxes were designed to be towed by Lockheed furnished tractors. The large box featured steerable tail wheels by a local operator on either side of the carriage. Close-up detail photos show this unique feature, remotely similar to the rear wheel operation on a hook and ladder truck from your Fire Department this allowed maneuvering the carriage through difficult turning situations discovered while driving down the transport route of travel.

The upper removable framework was constructed of 4" square aluminum tubing. This design allowed for loading the airplane unimpeded by a closed box frame. The airplane was carried riding on its landing gear, this allowed for use of the airplane structure to carry the load safely on road surfaces beyond the control of Lockheed. After the airplane was towed into position on the carriage, the removable cover framework would be assembled on the trailer, followed by the fabric covered sides and the solid material front shield. The road lighting system was installed last. The airplane carriage had the A-12 loaded for travel tail end forward. Several pictures show this detail. Tom Richey and Stan Grants drove the tractors on the first run to Area 51.

The carriage boxes were designed to be disassembled for return to Burbank in a much narrower package.

The design team that built the carriage system was led by Mr. Leon Gavett. Of course the SkunkWorks had a superb team of structures engineers to take on this monumental task.

Route of Travel:

The route of travel described in the earlier version of this story was estimated based on information provided by a witness to the convoy activity. Further details provided by details used by Kammerer's crew described a more accurate plot of the actual route used. The main difference being the first half of the trip, after the Barstow way point, the route is the same as estimated in the earlier writing.

Several detail sheets from the earlier Survey show the route to be basically out the Lockheed plant north bound on San Fernando road to US HWY 99 toward Gorman, then eastward toward Mojave and on to Barstow. Then onward to Baker where the route moves North towards Death Valley and on to Lathrop Wells and US HWY 95 to the entrance to the Nevada Test Site at Mercury and on to Area 51.

The first trip carrying the prototype A-12 took three days to complete. Several captioned photos show details of this trip (none shown before). Travel by this convoy was hampered by the Winter climate along the route. Portions of the trip driving along snow covered areas, some of the trip done after dark. Not an easy trip for anyone. See the map showing the route from the days before many Interstate Highways were built between Burbank and points North.

On-The-Road:

The pictures show the varied nature of the trip from Burbank to Area 51. A couple pictures show what can only be described as a "revolting development", getting the big box wheels sunk in soft soil. Wonder how they got it jacked up and going again. No pictures of these steps. Several pictures show how close the box comes to signs, bridge abutments etc. Travel was allowed on mid week days only, no movement on the weekends or Holidays. During one of the movements a Greyhound bus nicked the big box. The bus driver was paid cash to have the bus repairs done without any resultant attention to the details. The end of the road was the main hangar complex at Area 51 where the airplane was off-loaded into the hangar for re-assembly.

The first convoy departed Burbank on 26 February 1962 and arrived three days later. The second convoy carrying Article 122 departed for Area 51 on 26 June 1962, followed by Article 123 in August 1962. The two-seat Article 124 got to the Area in November 1962. The rest of the A-12s and the three YF-12s arrived by mid 1964.

An eyewitness account:

To whom it may concern:

My name is Jim Noce, and I recall being on those moves from the "SkunkWorks" to the ranch. We left the Area early in the morning taking turns driving until we reached Burbank. When we arrived, the Article was concealed in a large crate and covered with a tarp on the semi ready to travel. We headed East on the Freeway, and the California State Police giving escort.

The CSP had long poles along the route to clear hanging power lines or un pin road signs hinged for clearance purposes. When we reached the CA/NV border we pulled to the side of the road and ate sack lunches made up by the mess hall at the Area. We also had igloo coolers of lemonade and thermos's of hot coffee or chocolate. We also had soda pop. Not bad for the 60's.

After we had lunch, we headed up Highway 95 until we reached Mercury that had our security clearance for entering the Atomic Proving Grounds. I may be wrong but I think that once we reached the Ranch, the Article was uncrated and put on a cart by something like a cherry picker. I do believe the box was broken down and loaded back on the trailer and sent back to Burbank. I never knew of anyone taking pictures from our group. I do recall the incident where a Greyhound Bus barely scraped the side of the box, and the driver was given cash to fix the few scratches avoiding insurance claims.

Sincerely, Jim Noce

Former CIA agent Area 51.

The Main Objective:

With the arrival of the prototype A-12, Article 121, at the end of February 1962, around the clock work proceeded to complete the final assembly, engine runs, systems checkout and taxi tests. The first flight was made on 26 April 1962 by Lockheed Test Pilot Lou Schalk. Article 121 would eventually complete 322 flights before retiring to storage in Lockheed Site 2 at Palmdale, CA. Article 121 is now on display at the Blackbird Air Park in Palmdale, The first of a whole flock of Blackbirds.

Photos below from Dorsey Kammerer Collection

SOME RARE VIEW INSIDE THE SKUNKWORKS

Note:The truck is going against traffic because the other lane goes under a narrow underpass

Correction: San Fernando, CA near the north end of the town; Truman St and San Fernando Road

Carriage front wall section

Correction: US 99 at Newhall Pass, looking southerly toward the south end of the Golden State Freeway

CONVOY PAPERS

Letter to Kelly and Bohanan, loading the Article

Travel Route Report

Route map

THE FOLLOWING PHOTOS SHOW UNLOADING THE PROTOTYPE A-12 IN THE BIG HANGARS

AT AREA 51 FOLLOWING ITS ARRIVAL ON 28 FEBRUARY 1962

CREDITS Dorsey G. Kammerer - Former Lockheed Enginer - Source of Photos

Jason Owen - Grandson of Kammerer- Contribution of Photos

Jim Noce - Former CIA Security Participant

Bob Murphy - Former Lockheed Project Manager

T.D. Barnes - Former EG&G Special Projects

Central Intelligence Agency

Lockheed-California Company

California Highway Patrol

Nevada Highway Patrol