RIO DE JANEIRO — A new corruption scandal was engulfing the fledgling government of Brazil’s president, Michel Temer, on Friday after a former minister in his cabinet accused him of exerting pressure to assist a top political ally in a property deal.

As Brazil’s political class reels from a period of extraordinary turmoil, the latest scandal is shaping into the most acute crisis facing Mr. Temer, 75, since he rose to power six months ago after the impeachment of his predecessor, Dilma Rousseff.

The former minister, Marcelo Calero, who was in charge of culture, told federal investigators that Mr. Temer had pressured him to overrule a heritage preservation measure halting the construction of a luxury tower in the northeastern city of Salvador. The ally of Mr. Temer, Geddel Vieira Lima, who held the title of government secretary, had invested in an apartment in the development. Mr. Vieira Lima submitted his resignation on Friday morning, apologizing and explaining in a letter to Mr. Temer that he was leaving the government for the good of the nation.

Leading opposition figures in the capital, Brasília, said on Thursday night that they would seek the impeachment of Mr. Temer over the claims. Mr. Temer’s office acknowledged in a statement that he had discussed the matter on two occasions with Mr. Calero, but insisted that the president had merely sought “technical” solutions to the problem.