The US Senate did not block Donald Trump from redirecting taxpayer money to fund a border wall on Thursday, laying bare the budget crisis that looms over Washington heading into November.

The vote was 53 to 36 to override the US president’s veto of legislation nullifying his national emergency at the US-Mexico border. That fell short, as expected, of the two thirds needed to override a presidential veto.

Ten Republicans, however, voted with Democrats on the measure, reflecting the unease many within the Republican party have with Mr Trump’s approach.

The budget fight is expected to get messier. The president is not interested in signing other domestic spending bills until there is agreement on the border wall, according to an anonymous senior administration official.

Funding for many federal agencies expires 21 November and an impasse would lead to a sizeable government shutdown, bigger in scope than what happened less than one year ago.

Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Show all 15 1 /15 Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Federal workers and contractors rally against the partial federal government shutdown Getty Images Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures The US Capitol on the first morning of a partial government shutdown in Washington EPA Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Federal workers and contractors rally against the partial federal government shutdown Getty Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures President Trump speaks with children who called the North American Aerospace Defense Command Santa tracker in the State Dining Room of the White House. He earlier in the day, tweeted that he was 'all alone in the White House' waiting for Democrats to make a deal on border security EPA Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Furloughed federal workers pick up free food at a pop-up store of Kraft Heinz Getty Images Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Hundreds of federal workers and contractors rally against the partial federal government shutdown Getty Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures A pedestrian walk past the U.S. Capitol ahead of a possible partial government shut down in Washington, U.S., December 20, 2018. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts JOSHUA ROBERTS Reuters Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures From left, House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, Sen. Dick Durbin and Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi walk to speak to reporters after meeting with President Donald Trump about border security in the Situation Room of the White House. Trump declared he could keep parts of the government shut down for "months or even years" as he and Democratic leaders failed in a second closed-door meeting to resolve his demand for billions of dollars for a border wall with Mexico Evan Vucci AP Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Federal workers and contractors rally against the partial federal government shutdown Getty Images Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures A sign alerts visitors to the closure of the National Archives on the fifth day of a partial government shutdown EPA Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Hundreds of federal workers and contractors rally against the partial federal government shutdown Getty Images Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Visitors read signs announcing the closure of the White House Visitor Center EPA Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures President Donald Trump speaks during a round-table discussion on border security and safe communities with State, local, and community leaders in the Cabinet Room of the White House Getty Images Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures A sign alerts visitors to the closure of the White House Visitor Center on the first day of a partial government shutdown EPA Trump shuts down US government over Mexico border wall – in pictures Furloughed federal workers show their IDs for entering a pop-up store of Kraft Heinz Getty Images

The official said Democrats essentially have two options: give the president the wall money he has asked for or the president will again use executive authority to get the funds from other accounts.

They said that the White House priority in budget negotiations is to ensure that the president can complete the promised border wall and that the president is committed to having the resources available in the 2020 budget year to do so.

The official described this goal as a “red line”. Democrats, however, have described the White House’s demand as a non-starter.

Mr Trump earlier this year declared a national emergency on the southern border to unilaterally move several billions of dollars from the Pentagon and instead use it to finance barriers along the US-Mexico border.

He took the step after congress refused to give him the money he wanted for his wall. That dispute led to last winter’s record-long 35-day partial government shutdown.

The president vowed during his 2016 campaign to build a wall along the Mexico border, though he said at the time the wall would be financed by Mexico.

Since taking office, he has pivoted to seeking US taxpayer money to fund its construction.

Now, with government funding for many agencies set to expire on 21 November, budget talks between Republicans and Democrats are stalled over the same issue once again.

Mr Trump has demanded an additional $5bn (£3.9bn) for more wall construction, which Democrats refuse to grant.

Democrats have decried the wall as an ineffective vanity project for the president. But for the US president, showing progress on the wall is an important campaign promise to fulfil as he seeks re-election and he has said it is necessary to prevent migrants from coming across the southern border.

Donald Trump falsely tells supporters in New Mexico 'Hispanics want a border wall'

White House officials have said that if lawmakers do not appropriate the funds that Mr Trump has demanded for the wall, they will circumvent congress again and move money away from the military budget.

Lawmakers from both parties say that until the White House and congressional leaders can reach agreement on the key issue of the wall, no real progress can be made on a broader budget deal that is needed to fund most parts of the government through the 2020 budget year, which began on 1 October.

“That is the linchpin,” Senate Appropriations Committee chairman Richard Shelby said of the border wall. Mr Trump is “very interested in the wall, very adamant about it”.

Mr Shelby said spending negotiations with the House are in a “prolonged slump”. But the necessary high-level negotiations between the White House and congressional leaders have yet to occur. And the general chaos that has overtaken the Capitol over impeachment and Mr Trump’s Syria policy has injected additional uncertainty into the budget negotiations.

Combined, the factors make it likely that congress will resort to passing another short-term spending bill after the current one expires to at least keep the government from shutting down for several more weeks.

“We are not going to fund the wall,” said House Appropriations Committee chairwoman Nita Lowey.

Ms Lowey held out hope for compromise. “Let me just say that the appropriations process can do extraordinary things,” she said.

Thus far, with the fiscal year underway, the Senate has not passed one of the 12 annual spending bills that must become law to fund the portions of the government whose budget congress controls, such as the Pentagon and other federal agencies.

Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell announced on Thursday that some bills will come up for votes next week. He called on Democrats to “make good on all the talk about bipartisanship and support them” – but that still would leave the wall issue no closer to resolution.

On the ground, construction on the wall is not progressing as quickly as Mr Trump would like.

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There were 71 miles of new replacement barrier completed as of last week; Mr Trump has promised 500 miles by the end of next year, a goal that may not be realistic.

Along with billions of dollars from other Pentagon and Treasury accounts that did not require an emergency declaration, that added up to a total of about $8.1bn for the wall for the 2019 fiscal year.

Mr Trump’s decision to take money from the military construction budget angered lawmakers of both parties, partly because it overrode congress’ constitutional authority over spending, while resulting in the cancellation or delay of some important military construction projects across the country and internationally.

That led the House and Senate to twice pass resolutions to overturn the national emergency declaration, both of which Mr Trump vetoed; an earlier veto override vote failed in the House in March. But the White House has said that it is eyeing an additional $3.6bn from the military construction budget in 2020, if congress does not give the president the money he wants.