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BEIJING — China launched an experimental spacecraft on Friday to fly around the moon and back to Earth in preparation for the country’s first unmanned return trip to the lunar surface.

The eight-day program is a test run for a 2017 mission that aims to have a Chinese spacecraft land on the moon, retrieve samples and return to Earth. That would make burgeoning space power China only the third country after the United States and Russia to have carried out such a mission.

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The spacecraft lifted off from the southwestern Xichang satellite launch centre early in the morning, separated from its carrier rocket and entered Earth orbit shortly after, the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence reported, according to the official Xinhua News Agency.

China’s lunar exploration program, named Chang’e after a mythical goddess, has already launched a pair of orbiting lunar probes and last year landed a craft on the moon with a rover onboard. None of those missions were programmed to return to Earth.