The New York City Heat Island warms temperatures by as much as 8C (15F) relative to surrounding areas.

New York Heat Island

NOAA corrects corrupts the data by cooling the past, which is the exact opposite of what the correct adjustment would be. The appropriate adjustment for an expanding urban heat island would be to cool recent years.

Spreadsheet

One of New York’s worst heatwaves occurred in 1896.

1896 Heatwave

That was also the year of Australia’s worst heatwave.

TimesMachine: August 18, 1896

It was also hot in Europe that summer.

17 Jul 1896 – HEAT-WAVE IN EUROPE.

The 1901 heatwave in New York also killed hundreds of people.

Later in July 1901, the heatwave expanded to Europe

THE HEAT WAVE IN EUROPE.; Numerous Deaths in London — Effects of Drought Serious — No Signs of a Change in England.

And continued into August.

UNPRECEDENTED HEAT IN ITALY.; Vineyards Shriveled Up — People Forced to Sleep in the Open Air.