Kowloon Walled City was once the densest city block in the world, with 33,000 people and 1,000 businesses squeezed into tiny shacks stacked 14 stories high. Photographer Greg Girard, who lived in Hong Kong in the mid-1980s, stumbled on the development one night when he was shooting pictures of the nearby airport.

“I went around the corner, and this sort of building-like thing loomed at the end of the block,” he says. “It didn’t fit in with the rest of the city at all. It looked almost medieval, with electricity–this sort of super-dense, homemade-looking super-building that took up an entire block.”

Girard realized it was the Kowloon Walled City–a place notorious at the time for lawlessness. Thanks to a jurisdictional quirk in Hong Kong’s complicated colonial history, the area was mostly outside the government’s control. In pre-Internet days, it was also something that was hard to research. He went in.

“It was extraordinary,” he says. “Hong Kong in the 1980s was already a modern city, connected to the rest of the world. This place just seemed so much outside of everything that Hong Kong was. You kind of wondered how something like this could exist in modern Hong Kong.”

He didn’t take photos that first night. “People were kind of hostile,” he says. “It was clear they weren’t happy to see someone with a camera and tripod.” But Girard went back later, and slowly began to get to know the community and document it.

Later, he met another photographer who was working in Kowloon Walled City, and they decided to make a book together.

At the time, little had been written about the community other than some sensationalized accounts of crime. “Everyone was recycling those old stories and tropes of sex and violence and drugs,” says Girard. While crime still existed, the photographers found that the neighborhood wasn’t that different than other low-income communities in Hong Kong. It just existed in an extraordinary setting.