Mr. de Blasio mentioned the new president, Donald J. Trump, only once by name, although he alluded to him and to the Republican-controlled Congress several times. In that regard, the speech showed a mayor who sees both the challenges of grappling with a potentially hostile new administration in Washington and the potential political benefits of using Washington as a foil to cast himself as the paladin of New York liberalism and the city’s vast immigrant population.

In years past, Mr. de Blasio used the annual speech to push big-impact campaign promises of universal prekindergarten, the construction of thousands of units of affordable housing, and infrastructure initiatives like a major expansion of ferry service and a light rail line along the Brooklyn and Queens waterfront.

In Monday’s speech, Mr. de Blasio appeared content to offer repackaged or slightly expanded versions of programs that have thus far defined his administration, demonstrating the shift in a mayor who once saw himself as a promoter of high-minded ideas and a national progressive leader but has repeatedly encountered limitations in the day-to-day grind of running a big city.

He pledged to add 100,000 “good-paying” jobs over the next decade, including 40,000 in the next four years. But the projects he mentioned seemed to fall well short of those numbers.

He cited plans to create an industrial and manufacturing center in the Sunset Park section of Brooklyn, called the Made in NY campus, which would seek to attract the fashion and food production industries, among others, and create 1,500 permanent jobs. He also pledged to train a total of 3,000 workers over the next three years to retrofit buildings to make them more energy efficient. He mentioned several other previously announced economic development initiatives, but the timing involved was not clear, nor was it clear whether he was referring to new jobs or jobs that had already been created.

In addressing affordable housing, Mr. de Blasio said that he would expand an existing program to provide lawyers to poor New Yorkers facing eviction in Housing Court and that he would dedicate more affordable housing units than he had previously proposed for New Yorkers earning less than $40,000 a year. Both initiatives were announced in the days ahead of the speech.