A backlash against American Muslims is on the rise again after the Nov. 13 terrorist attacks in Paris and last week's attacks in San Bernardino, Calif. Advocates say the number of hate crimes and harassment incidents today is nearly as bad as it was in the weeks after Sept. 11.

An anti-Muslim climate seems especially potent in the Dallas area.

For instance, take Irving, Texas, a city of 230,000 that borders Dallas on the northwest. More than one-third of its citizens are foreign-born. It's home to the world headquarters of ExxonMobil and Kimberley-Clark, and to one of the largest mosques in North America.

Last month a group of protesters showed up on the sidewalk in front of the mosque, shouldering loaded rifles and holding a sign that said "Stop the Islamization of America." Their spokesman is a man who identifies himself as David Wright and carries a tactical 12-gauge shotgun to demonstrations.

"I can show up and protest unarmed and be a sitting duck for the next pair of ISIS members that decide to come along and blow our heads off like they did in California — or I can show up there prepared to defend myself," Wright says in a telephone interview. He declined to give his age, profession or where he lives, fearing harassment.

In September, Irving made national news when police arrested a 14-year-old boy, Ahmed Mohamed, for bringing a homemade clock to his high school; authorities said it looked like a bomb.

Elsewhere north of the city, police killed two Islamic extremist gunmen in Garland in May outside a meeting where people had gathered to see cartoons mocking the Prophet Muhammad, and in Richardson, north of Dallas, there was another armed protest at a mosque in October.

"2015 was a banner year for hatred in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, but it was centered in Irving," says Alia Salem, director of the DFW chapter of the Council on American-Islamic Relations, or CAIR, a Muslim advocacy group.

Just last week, the Texas Rebel Knights, a white supremacist group associated with the Ku Klux Klan, announced they too want to protest at the Irving mosque, though the date keeps changing.

The Islamic Center of Irving is a domed arabesque building in the middle of an Irving residential suburb; its religious leader, Imam Zia Sheik, says his mosque finds itself in a tough place these days.

"On the one hand, we have to try to maintain good relationships with everyone, and to show the Islamic hospitality and good manners," he says. "But when you have these kinds of rallies and protests on your doorstep it becomes difficult to do that."

The large and thriving Muslim population in the Dallas area lives and works in an environment that's growing more hostile toward their religion. Note a recent sermon delivered by the Rev. Robert Jeffress — pastor of First Baptist Church of Dallas, one of the largest, most influential members of the Southern Baptist Convention — on the Sunday after the ISIS attacks in Paris.

"Make no mistake about it," he said from the pulpit in downtown Dallas, "Islam is just not another way to approach God. Islam is a false religion and it is inspired by Satan himself."

At the end of the sermon, Jeffress received a standing ovation.

Many folks date the anti-Islam mood around the region to an Irving City Council meeting last March. By a narrow margin, the council passed a resolution that Muslim critics claimed was hostile to their religion, and supporters insisted was merely patriotic.

The council voted to support a state law that would have told mosque authorities their religious tribunals must conform to U.S. laws. Imams pushed back that they never intended to impose sharia, or Islamic law, on their congregations. The bill never made it out of committee in the state capitol.

Irving Mayor Beth Van Duyne has gone on the conservative media circuit to defend her city.

"Anybody who thinks that being pro-American equates to being Islamophobe says a lot more about that person than it does about the council supporting American laws and American courts," she said in a brief interview after a luncheon in Dallas last week.

With domestic terrorism seemingly on the rise, suspicion of American Muslims is certain to increase. Former Irving Mayor Marvin Randle says he doesn't think his community is out of the main.

"We don't think just because Muslims are here they're terrorists," he says from his office in his countertop company. "But what we read in the paper about the Muslims over in Paris and all these things makes you a little bit jittery. You still have a little question mark about it."

Salem, director of the local CAIR chapter, says when Klansmen of the Texas Rebel Knights announced they were coming to Irving, that was the tipping point. She says in the past week, dozens of churches, synagogues and other sympathizers have contacted her to stand in solidarity with Muslims in North Texas.

That will be on display this Saturday when two dueling demonstrations are planned outside Dallas-area mosques — one for and one against Islam.



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AUDIE CORNISH, HOST:

Today, presidential candidate Donald Trump called for a, quote, total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until the government can understand the danger they pose. Meanwhile, there's been a rise of anti-Islamic attacks on American Muslims following the attacks in Paris and, now, San Bernardino, Calif.

The nation's largest Muslim advocacy group claims the number of hate crimes is nearly at the level it was in the weeks after 9/11. NPR's John Burnett reports from Texas, where the anti-Muslim voices seem especially loud.

JOHN BURNETT, BYLINE: Irving, Texas, is a city of 230,000 that borders Dallas on the Northwest. More than a third of its citizens are foreign-born. It's home to the world headquarters of Exxon-Mobil and Kimberly-Clark and one of the largest mosques in North America. Last month, a group of protesters showed up on the sidewalk in front of the mosque, shouldering loaded rifles and holding a sign that says, stop the Islamization of America. Their spokesman is a man who identifies as David Wright, and he brings a 12-gauge tactical shotgun to demonstrations.

DAVID WRIGHT: I could show up and protest unarmed and be sitting duck for the next pair of ISIS members that decide to come along and blow our heads off like in California, or I could show up there prepared to defend myself.

BURNETT: In September, Irving made national news when police arrested a 14-year-old Muslim boy for bringing a homemade clock to his high school. Authorities thought it looked like a bomb. In Garland, northeast of Dallas, two Islamic extremist gunmen were killed by police in May outside of a meeting where people had gathered to mock the Prophet Muhammad. And in Richardson, north of Dallas, there was another armed protest at a mosque in October.

Alia Salem is director of the Dallas-Fort Worth chapter of the Council on American Islamic Relations, a Muslim advocacy group. She says 2015 has been a banner year for hatred in the Dallas area.

ALIA SALEM: I get a lot of razzing from my fellow advocates, saying things like, oh, I wish we worked in Texas; it's so much more exciting down there. And I'm like, please come down here. I'll give it to you.

BURNETT: Just last week, the Texas Rebel Knights, a white supremacist group, announced they too want to protest at the Irving mosque, though the date keeps changing.

(SOUNDBITE OF CALL TO PRAYER)

BURNETT: The mosque is housed in a domed arabesque building in the middle of a residential suburb. The religious leader, Imam Zia Sheik, says his mosque finds itself in a difficult position these days.

ZIA SHEIK: On the one hand, we have to try to maintain good relationships with everyone to show the Islamic hospitality and good manners. But when you have these kinds of rallies and protests on your doorstep, it becomes difficult to do that.

BURNETT: The large and thriving Muslim population in the Dallas area lives and works in an environment that is growing more harsh toward their religion. Note this recent sermon delivered the Sunday after the ISIS attacks in Paris by Reverend Robert Jeffress. He's pastor of the First Baptist Church of Dallas, one of the largest, most influential members of the Southern Baptist Convention.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

ROBERT JEFFRESS: And make no mistake about it. Islam is just not another way to approach God. Islam is a false religion, and it is inspired by Satan himself.

BURNETT: At the end of his sermon, Jeffress got a standing ovation.

(APPLAUSE)

BURNETT: Most folks date the anti-Islam mood in the region to an Irving City Council meeting last March. By a narrow margin, the council passed a resolution that Muslims claim was hostile to their religion and supporters insist was merely patriotic. The Council backed a state law that would have told mosque authorities that their religious tribunals have to conform to U.S. laws. Imams pushed back that they never intended to impose Sharia law on their congregations. Irving mayor Beth Van Duyne has gone on the conservative media circuit to defend her city. She gave this comment after a luncheon in Dallas last week.

BETH VAN DUYNE: Anybody who thinks that being pro-American equates to being Islamophobic says a lot more about that person than it does about the council supporting American laws in American courts.

BURNETT: With domestic terrorism seemingly on the rise, suspicion of American Muslims is certain to increase. Former Irving mayor Marvin Randall, who owns a countertop company, says he doesn't think his community is out of the main.

MARVIN RANDALL: We don't think that just because Muslims are here, that they are terrorists. But what we read in the paper about the Muslims over in Paris and all of these things makes you a little bit jittery. You still have a little question mark about it.

BURNETT: The director of the local Muslim advocacy group, Alia Salem, says when Klansmen with the Texas Rebel Knights announced they were coming to town to protest at a mosque, that was the tipping point. She says in the past week, dozens of churches, synagogues and other sympathizers have contacted her to stand in solidarity with North Texas Muslims. That will be on display this Saturday when two dueling demonstrations are planned outside Dallas area mosques, one for, one against Islam. John Burnett, NPR News, Irving, Texas. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.