A team of scientists from the University of Exeter have created a new type of device that could be used to develop cost-effective gas sensors.

The pioneering team, which includes two second year Exeter undergraduates, have created a new type of device that emits light in the infrared part of the spectrum. Many important gases strongly absorb infrared light and this characteristic absorption can be used as a way of sensing them.

However, most existing infrared gas sensors use conventional "light-bulb" incandescent sources of infrared light, which have a number of considerable shortcomings including limited lifetimes due to the fragility of the filament. The new sensors could be used for a diverse range of applications including the sensing of atmospheric pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, which is emitted from car exhausts and which can have a significant effect on public health.

The Exeter team used a sandwich of different 2D materials, which are only a few atoms thick, to create a device that is similar to a nanoscale light-bulb, but where the filament is extremely hard to break. In addition, the team believe that these devices could ultimately be more cost effective and sustainable to manufacture than semiconductor based light emitting diodes emitting at these long wavelengths.

The research, which is led by Professor Geoff Nash, is published in the scientific journal Applied Physics Letters.

The team included undergraduate students Hannah Barnard and Katya Zossimova, who began working as part of Professor Nash's group last summer whilst in their first year.

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Professor Nash, Professor of Engineering Physics and Director of Natural Sciences, from the University of Exeter, said: "Previous devices we've made really only operated in vacuum and would break very quickly when exposed to air. By encapsulating the nanoscale filament in a protective coating, we have shown that these devices can operate in air for well over 1000 hours, paving the way for the development of practical infrared sources that could be used in sensor applications."

Commenting on the makeup of his research team, he went on to add that "It's a privilege to work alongside our some of our fantastic students, who have brought energy, enthusiasm and a different perspective to our research. Hannah and Katya, and other undergraduates before, have made a real impact to the work of my group."

Katya, who is studying Physics, said: "It's been really exciting to be part of the research team, everyone has been really welcoming and I have learned a lot from the experience. I feel that this opportunity has given me the confidence to consider postgraduate studies in Physics."

Hannah, who is studying Natural Sciences, said that the experience gave her "invaluable insight into being a research scientist within the University." She added: "Since taking part in the internship I have achieved things I never even thought were possible and pushed all of my personal boundaries. I have loved being able to apply what I learn in the labs to my taught modules and vice versa."

Natural Sciences at Exeter is an innovative flagship programme designed to explore the scientific concepts needed to explain the natural world, from the nanoscale to the complex systems of Earth's climate and our solar system.

Research-inspired, inquiry-led learning is the cornerstone of the University's Education Strategy and undergraduates are engaged in the world-leading research at the University in many different ways.

Professor Tim Quine, Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Education), commented that "the synergies between education and research are vital in the approach the University takes to the discovery and dissemination of knowledge. The work of Hannah and Katya, supported by Professor Nash, is a perfect example of the great relationships between our students and academics."