It is no secret that the cost of solar continues to fall globally, however it is always useful to have some numbers to give a snapshot of where the industry is at. Today we got that snapshot from perhaps the most reputable source: advisory firm Lazard, which has now produced its 10th annual Unsubsidized Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) analysis for the year 2016, LCOE 10.0.

LCOE 10.0 shows solar costs falling faster than other forms of generation, with utility-scale PV costs falling 11% to between US$46 and $61 per megawatt-hour (MWh), with thin-film costs a fraction lower than crystalline silicon costs.

This puts solar below PV at a cost below all fossil fuel technologies, among which gas combined cycle plants were the cheapest at $48-$78/MWh. This is the second year that Lazard has reported that utility-scale PV generation is cheaper combined cycle gas plants or any fossil fuel source. It also puts PV at less than half the cost of nuclear generation.

This makes utility-scale PV slightly more expensive than onshore wind, which came in at $32-$62/MWh. Today Bloomberg New Energy Finance released its latest Climatescope report which found that capital expenditure (CAPEX) costs for utility-scale solar PV plants in the developing world are lower than those for wind; however BNEF was also careful to note that wind still has a lower cost of energy due to higher output.

The analysis also puts rooftop commercial and industrial (C&I) solar at $88-$193/MWh, and shows rooftop residential solar costs falling 26% to $138-$122/MWh. This is by far the steepest cost decline of any technology.

In addition to its analysis of the energy sources, last year Lazard began releasing analyses of the costs of energy storage technologies. This year’s Unsubsidized Levelized Cost of Storage 2.0 found the cost of lithium-ion batteries falling 11-24% in 2016, depending upon the application.

For replacement of peaker plants, Lazard put the LCOS of lithium-ion batteries at $285-$581 per MWh, however the cost was much lower at $190-$277 for frequency regulation. Lazard also notes that while lithium ion batteries are more expensive than peaker plants for some applications, some uses of energy storage are attractive relative to conventional alternatives.

“These uses relate primarily to strengthening the power grid (e.g., frequency regulation, transmission/distribution investment deferral) and accessing cost savings and other sources of value for commercial and industrial energy users through reducing utility bills (e.g., lowering demand charges) and/or participating in demand response programs”

Lazard also notes that storage costs may continue to fall dramatically with increased deployment, citing “industry participants” that predict that the cost of lithium batteries to fall roughly 40% over the next five years.

This could mean potentially replacing peaker plants. “If Industry projections materialize, some energy storage technologies may be positioned to displace a significant portion of future gas-fired peaking generation, potentially enabling further integration of renewable generation,” notes the report.

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