Secretary of State Mike Pompeo went to the cradle of America’s car industry on Monday and issued a tough warning to allies and adversaries alike, saying that trading relationships with even close partners were “out of whack” and accusing China of engaging in an “unprecedented level of larceny.”

“It’s the most predatory economic government that operates against the rest of the world today,” Mr. Pompeo said of China during a speech in Detroit. “This is a problem that is long overdue in being tackled.”

The blistering remarks suggested that the Trump administration — now that the Singapore summit meeting with the North Korean leader, Kim Jong-un, is over — is further ramping up its efforts to push back against Chinese trade practices. On Friday, a day after Mr. Pompeo said he had “good and constructive discussions” on trade with top officials in Beijing, the administration moved ahead with tariffs on $50 billion of Chinese goods, which China immediately matched.

China was not Mr. Pompeo’s only target on Monday, and his decision to issue his global warning before the Detroit Economic Club suggested that a sweeping investigation into car imports could result in even more tariffs. The Trump administration has already imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum from its closest trading partners, and Mr. Pompeo said that “asymmetric trade relationships” with Canada, Europe, Japan and Mexico needed to change.