The US Senate has passed a bill that would end online commerce's exemption from state sales taxes. However, the final version of the legislation may not get enough support in the House to become federal law.

The Marketplace Fairness Act, which is supported by President Obama, was passed in a 69-27 vote in the Senate on Monday.



The bill aims to ensure that brick-and-mortar and online retailers are subject to the same rules: Currently, only online transactions made in the same state where a company has a physical presence are subjected to a sales tax, effectively creating online tax havens.



"We ought to have a structure in place in the states that treats all retail the same," said Matthew Shay, president and CEO of the National Retail Federation, as cited by AP.



Internet sales grew $226 billion in 2012, making the issue even more acute. The National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) estimated that $23 billion in taxes were lost last year to untaxed online sales.



“It’s not fair to my local bookstore that I can buy the same book online as I can in the store, yet not have to pay sales taxes online. This bill rectifies this unfairness,” said Sheila Hixon, co-chair of the NCSL Task Force on State and Local Taxation.



The Marketplace Fairness Act would exempt small businesses with less than $1 million in online sales. However, opponents argue this is not enough: eBay has called for exemptions for businesses with up to $10 million in sales or fewer than 50 employees.



"The trouble with the bill is that it treats mom-and-pop businesses the same way as it does multibillion-dollar retailers. Yet a small business with a dozen employees simply can't be lumped in with national behemoths such as Amazon and retail chains that have warehouses and stores around the country,” eBay President John Donahoe wrote in an article for Wall Street Journal.



Amazon is among the Internet giants supporting the bill, as it already collects sales tax in states where it has offices or distribution centers.



Critics of the bill say it will be difficult to comply with, as retailers will have to calculate tax rates for 50 different states. Supporters argue the mechanism of collecting the tax should be the state’s responsibility, rather than the shop owner’s. States would also be required to provide Web retailers with computer software for tax calculations.



Marketplace Fairness Act main provisions: - Online retailers subject to sales tax - Businesses with less than $1 million in online sales exempt - States must create central authority for collecting taxes - Retailers get free tax-calculating computer software from state govts - States may audit and sue out-of-state businesses

The bill is expected to stall in the House, however, as it will be reviewed in hearings by the House Judiciary Committee before a vote.



"Call me a conservative, but I believe the right approach to tax fairness is to reduce rates – not force higher rates onto others ," said Republican Representative Tom Graves of Georgia, according to Reuters.

The strongest opponents to this legislation include lawmakers from three states that do not have sales taxes: Montana, New Hampshire and Oregon.