Quebec is dealing with Canada's largest increase in the number of asylum seekers crossing illegally into the country from the U.S., law enforcement officials said Monday.

It is an increase that refugee lawyers are attributing to uncertainty over immigration policies in the U.S., which have become a hallmark of the young administration of President Donald Trump.

There were 42 claims for asylum status filed last weekend alone at Quebec land borders, according to the Canada Border Services Agency.

In January, 452 people claimed asylum at Quebec border crossings — a 230 per cent increase from January 2016. And that may represent only half of the total number of asylum seekers who entered last month, if other ports of entry are included.

Eric Taillefer, vice-president of the Quebec Immigration Lawyers Association, estimated as many as 1,000 files were opened in January at the Refugee Protection Division of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.

RCMP Cpl. Camille Habel said patrolling the border has kept many officers busy in recent months. (Ainslie MacLellan/CBC)

Though other Canadian borders with the U.S. have also seen a surge in illegal crossings, especially in Manitoba, the RCMP said Monday that Quebec is the site of the most significant increase.

The reason so many people are crossing illegally in Quebec may have to do with its proximity to major U.S. hubs like New York City and Washington, said RCMP Cpl. Camille Habel.

"But the difference now between the Hemmingford or Lacolle [border] areas, is that on either side of the border there are big cities, or big airports," Habel said.

"Bigger cities on each side can mean more people trying to cross here."

Fear propelling illegal crossings

Overall, Quebec had 2,527 asylum-seekers at its land borders last year, compared with 1,054 a year earlier, with the bulk of the increase coming in the fall, RCMP said.

Propelling the flow from the U.S. to Quebec is a political climate south of the border that has left many immigrants concerned about their legal status, say immigration lawyers based in Montreal.

The total number of asylum seekers in Quebec has jumped in the past year. (RCMP)

Trump campaigned on a promise to ban Muslims from entering the country. In late January, he signed an executive order stating that anyone from seven majority-Muslim countries was banned from entering the U.S. for 90 days.

That ban was later temporarily blocked by a U.S. judge, but Trump has vowed to press ahead with the policy.

Taillefer said many of the asylum seekers he's interacted with would not be affected by the travel ban. But the uncertainty is enough to push them to try crossing the border.

"I mean nothing has happened to directly impact most of the people who are crossing, but the fear that something could happen is playing a role," he said.

Julie Lessard, a specialist in business immigration law, said the climate in the U.S. has created a sense of insecurity in some people, despite the ban being temporarily blocked.

"People are just trying to get better lives, so if the ban comes back in another form — and because of the insecurity that it all created — well definitely, there was an increase in the last couple of weeks of the number of people trying to cross the border," Lessard said.

"I don't see it ending at this point in time."

RCMP officers put the family's luggage into their vehicle after stopping the trio at the border on Saturday. (Pascal Robidas/Radio-Canada)

The appeal of crossing illegally, instead of at an official border crossing, is that it allows asylum seekers to take advantage of a loophole in the Safe Third Country Agreement.

​The agreement was created so that refugee status can only be claimed in the first safe country someone arrives in. Under the agreement, which was designed to prevent so-called "asylum-shopping," the U.S. is considered a safe country.

But the agreement only holds at official border crossings, so people crossing illegally into Canada are able to apply for asylum here, even they arrived in the U.S. first.

People smuggling on rise too

Cashing in on the desire of asylum seekers to leave the U.S. are people-smugglers, who charge between a few hundred and a few thousand dollars to help people cross the border.

According to Taillefer, the amount charged may depend on whether fake documents are provided, and the number of people in a family.

He said the phenomenon is new enough for Canadian border crossings that it's hard to tell what amount is being charged and why.

"There's no comparative criteria, because it's all done illegally. But the bigger the family is, the more the need for fake documents," he said.

The RCMP, for its part, is worried about just how careless these smugglers are in the cold of winter. The RCMP is currently holding a two-day symposium in Montreal on border security.

Quebec still hasn't seen a case of frostbite as severe as the refugee who lost fingers after a seven-hour trek across the border to Manitoba in January.

But Habel said that there have been asylum seekers who weren't equipped for the cold and needed medical attention when the RCMP picked them up.

"Taking care of clients is not something that smugglers will do," Habel said.

She said RCMP investigators are gathering intelligence with Americans on what they call "long-term issues" like people smuggling.