Dopamine influences the anticipatory and consummatory phases of sexual behavior, by acting on receptors of the D2 family (D 2 , D 3 and D 4 ) and in particular of the D 2 subtype, although evidence for a role of D 4 receptors in erectile function and copulatory behavior is also available. In order to clarify such a role of D 4 receptors, the effect of selective D 4 receptor agonists and antagonists on copulatory behavior of sexually potent male rats in classic copulation tests with a receptive female, was compared with that of apomorphine and haloperidol, a classic dopamine receptor agonist and antagonist, respectively. PD-168,077 (0.05–0.2 mg/kg) and ABT-724 (0.01–0.04 mg/kg), two selective D 4 receptor agonists, given subcutaneously, improved dose-dependently copulatory behavior as shown by the decrease of mount frequency and post ejaculatory interval induced by PD-168,077, and of mount frequency, ejaculation latency, post ejaculatory and inter intromission intervals induced by ABT-724, and by the increase of ejaculation frequency and copulatory efficacy induced by both drugs. Conversely, L-745,870 (1–5 mg/kg), a selective D 4 receptor antagonist, given intraperitoneally, impaired dose-dependently copulatory behavior, as shown by the increase in intromission and ejaculation latencies, mount frequency, post ejaculatory interval and the decrease in ejaculation frequency and copulatory efficacy induced by this drug. L-745,870 (5 mg/kg) administered before PD-168,077 (0.2 mg/kg) or ABT-724 (0.04 mg/kg), also abolished completely the facilitatory effects of both PD-168,077 and ABT-724 on sexual behavior. These results confirm the involvement of D 4 receptors in specific aspects of male rat copulatory behavior that overlap only partially with those influenced by apomorphine and haloperidol.