TEHRAN — In a furious series of Twitter posts and statements on his website on Tuesday, Iran’s supreme leader called President Trump “psychotic” and repeated accusations that the United States bore primary responsibility for instigating a week of protests that rocked Iran in recent weeks.

“He says that the Iranian government is afraid of U.S. power,” the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, said of Mr. Trump. “So, if we are ‘afraid’ of you, how did we expel you from Iran in the late 1970s and expel you from the entire region in the 2010s?”

Ayatollah Khamenei, who admitted that the recent protests, where people shouted harsh slogans against him, had hurt Iran’s establishment, threatened the United States with revenge.

“They damaged us during these days, they know there will be some sort of retaliation,” he said. “This man who sits at the head of the White House — although, he seems to be a very unstable man — he must realize that these extreme and psychotic episodes won’t be left without a response.”