Between 1901 and 2019, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 597 times to 950 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 919 individuals and 24 organizations. Below, you can view the full list of Nobel Prizes and Nobel Laureates.

2018 The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018

“for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics” Arthur Ashkin “for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems” Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland “for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2018 Olga Tokarczuk “for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2018 Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad

“for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict”

2017

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2017 Kazuo Ishiguro

“who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2017 International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN)

“for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons”

2016

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2016 Bob Dylan

“for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2016 Juan Manuel Santos

“for his resolute efforts to bring the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end”

2015

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2015 Svetlana Alexievich

“for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2015 National Dialogue Quartet

“for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011”

2014

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2014 Patrick Modiano

“for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2014 Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai

“for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education”

2013

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013 François Englert and Peter W. Higgs

“for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider”

2012

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012 Mo Yan

“who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2012 European Union (EU)

“for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe”

2011

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011 Tomas Tranströmer

“because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality”

2010

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010 Mario Vargas Llosa

“for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual’s resistance, revolt, and defeat”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 Liu Xiaobo

“for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China”

2009

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2009 Herta Müller

“who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2009 Barack H. Obama

“for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples”

2008

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008 Yoichiro Nambu

“for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics”

Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa

“for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2008 Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio

“author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2008 Martti Ahtisaari

“for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts”

2007

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007 Gerhard Ertl

“for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2007 Doris Lessing

“that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny”

2006

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2006 Orhan Pamuk

“who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures”

2005

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005 Harold Pinter

“who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression’s closed rooms”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2005 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Mohamed ElBaradei

“for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way”

2004

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2004 Elfriede Jelinek

“for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society’s clichés and their subjugating power”

2003

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 “for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes”

Peter Agre

“for the discovery of water channels” Roderick MacKinnon

“for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2003 John M. Coetzee

“who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2003 Shirin Ebadi

“for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children”

2002

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002 “for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules”

John B. Fenn and Koichi Tanaka

“for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules”

Kurt Wüthrich

“for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2002 Imre Kertész

“for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2002 Jimmy Carter

“for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development”

2001

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2001 Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul

“for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories”

2000

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2000 Gao Xingjian

“for an æuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2000 Kim Dae-jung

“for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular”

1999

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999 Ahmed H. Zewail

“for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999 Günter Blobel

“for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1999 Günter Grass

“whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1999 Médecins Sans Frontières

“in recognition of the organization’s pioneering humanitarian work on several continents”

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1999 Robert A. Mundell

“for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas”

1998

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1998 José Saramago

“who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1998 John Hume and David Trimble

“for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland”

1997

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1997 Dario Fo

“who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden”

1996

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1996 Wislawa Szymborska

“for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality”

1995

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1995 Seamus Heaney

“for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past”

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1995 Robert E. Lucas Jr.

“for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy”

1994

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994 “for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter”

Bertram N. Brockhouse

“for the development of neutron spectroscopy” Clifford G. Shull

“for the development of the neutron diffraction technique”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1994 Kenzaburo Oe

“who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today”

1993

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993 “for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry”

Kary B. Mullis

“for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method” Michael Smith

“for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1993 Toni Morrison

“who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1993 Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk

“for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa”

1992

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992 Georges Charpak

“for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992 Rudolph A. Marcus

“for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1992 Derek Walcott

“for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1992 Rigoberta Menchú Tum

“in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples”

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1992 Gary S. Becker

“for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour”

1991

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

“for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991 Richard R. Ernst

“for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1991 Nadine Gordimer

“who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity”

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1991 Ronald H. Coase

“for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy”

1990

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990 Elias James Corey

“for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1990 Octavio Paz

“for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1990 Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev

“for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community”

1989

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1989 Camilo José Cela

“for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man’s vulnerability”

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1989 Trygve Haavelmo

“for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures”

1988

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1988 Naguib Mahfouz

“who, through works rich in nuance – now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous – has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind”

1987

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987 Susumu Tonegawa

“for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987 Joseph Brodsky

“for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1987 Oscar Arias Sánchez

“for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year”

1986

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986 Wole Soyinka

“who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence”

1985

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985 Claude Simon

“who in his novel combines the poet’s and the painter’s creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition”

1984

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984 Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer

“for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984 Robert Bruce Merrifield

“for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1984 Jaroslav Seifert

“for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man”

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1984 Richard Stone

“for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis”

1983

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar

“for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars” William Alfred Fowler

“for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983 Henry Taube

“for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1983 William Golding

“for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today”

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1983 Gerard Debreu

“for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium”

1982

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson

“for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982 Aaron Klug

“for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1982 Gabriel García Márquez

“for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent’s life and conflicts”

1981

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1981 Elias Canetti

“for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power”

1980

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1980 Czeslaw Milosz

“who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man’s exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts”

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1980 Lawrence R. Klein

“for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies”

1979

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1979 Odysseus Elytis

“for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man’s struggle for freedom and creativeness”

1978

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978 Peter D. Mitchell

“for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1978 Isaac Bashevis Singer

“for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life”

1977

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977 Ilya Prigogine

“for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1977 Vicente Aleixandre

“for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man’s condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars”

1976

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976 William N. Lipscomb

“for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976 Saul Bellow

“for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work”

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1976 Milton Friedman

“for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy”

1975

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1975 Eugenio Montale

“for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions”

1974

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974 Sir Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish

“for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974 Paul J. Flory

“for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1974 Eyvind Johnson

“for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom” Harry Martinson

“for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos”

1973

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973 Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever

“for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively”

Brian David Josephson

“for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1973 Patrick White

“for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature”

1972

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972 Christian B. Anfinsen

“for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation”

Stanford Moore and William H. Stein

“for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1972 Heinrich Böll

“for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1972 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money for 1972 was allocated to the Main Fund.

1971

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971 Dennis Gabor

“for his invention and development of the holographic method”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971 Gerhard Herzberg

“for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1971 Pablo Neruda

“for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent’s destiny and dreams”

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1971 Simon Kuznets

“for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development”

1970

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970 Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén

“for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics” Louis Eugène Félix Néel

“for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970 Luis F. Leloir

“for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1970 Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn

“for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature”

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1970 Paul A. Samuelson

“for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science”

1969

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969 Murray Gell-Mann

“for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1969 Samuel Beckett

“for his writing, which – in new forms for the novel and drama – in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation”

1968

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 Luis Walter Alvarez

“for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968 Lars Onsager

“for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1968 Yasunari Kawabata

“for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind”

1967

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe

“for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1967 Miguel Angel Asturias

“for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1967 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1966

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1966 Alfred Kastler

“for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966 Robert S. Mulliken

“for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966 Shmuel Yosef Agnon

“for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people” Nelly Sachs

“for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel’s destiny with touching strength”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1966 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1965

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965 Robert Burns Woodward

“for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1965 Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov

“for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people”

1964

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin

“for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre

“for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age”

1963

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1963 Giorgos Seferis

“for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture”

1962

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962 John Steinbeck

“for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception”

1961

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961 Robert Hofstadter

“for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons” Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer

“for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961 Melvin Calvin

“for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961 Georg von Békésy

“for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1961 Ivo Andric

“for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country”

1960

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960 Willard Frank Libby

“for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960 Saint-John Perse

“for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time”

1959

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959 Jaroslav Heyrovsky

“for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1959 Salvatore Quasimodo

“for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times”

1958

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958 Frederick Sanger

“for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1958 Boris Leonidovich Pasternak

“for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition”

1957

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957 Daniel Bovet

“for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1957 Albert Camus

“for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times”

1956

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1956 Juan Ramón Jiménez

“for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1956 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1955

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955 Willis Eugene Lamb

“for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum” Polykarp Kusch

“for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955 Vincent du Vigneaud

“for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955 Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell

“for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1955 Halldór Kiljan Laxness

“for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1955 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1954

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954 Max Born

“for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction” Walther Bothe

“for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954 Linus Carl Pauling

“for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954 Ernest Miller Hemingway

“for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style”

1953

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1953 Frits Zernike

“for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953 Hermann Staudinger

“for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953 Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill

“for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values”

1952

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1952 François Mauriac

“for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life”

1951

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951 Max Theiler

“for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1951 Pär Fabian Lagerkvist

“for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind”

1950

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950 Cecil Frank Powell

“for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1950 Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell

“in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought”

1949

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949 Hideki Yukawa

“for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949 William Francis Giauque

“for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1949 William Faulkner

“for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel”

1948

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1948 Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett

“for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948 Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius

“for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948 Paul Hermann Müller

“for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1948 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1947

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1947 Sir Edward Victor Appleton

“for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947 Sir Robert Robinson

“for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1947 André Paul Guillaume Gide

“for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight”

1946

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1946 Percy Williams Bridgman

“for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946 Hermann Joseph Muller

“for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1946 Hermann Hesse

“for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style”

1945

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945 Wolfgang Pauli

“for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945 Artturi Ilmari Virtanen

“for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945 Gabriela Mistral

“for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world”

1944

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi

“for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944 Otto Hahn

“for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1944 Johannes Vilhelm Jensen

“for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style”

1943

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943 Otto Stern

“for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943 George de Hevesy

“for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1943 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1943 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1942

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1942 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1942 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1942 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1942 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1942 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1941

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1941 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1941 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1941 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1941 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1941 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1940

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1940 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1940 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1940 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1940 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1940 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1939

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939 Ernest Orlando Lawrence

“for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1939 Frans Eemil Sillanpää

“for his deep understanding of his country’s peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1939 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1938

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1938 Enrico Fermi

“for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938 Corneille Jean François Heymans

“for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1938 Pearl Buck

“for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces”

1937

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937 Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrápolt

“for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1937 Roger Martin du Gard

“for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle Les Thibault”

1936

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936 Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye

“for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1936 Eugene Gladstone O’Neill

“for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy”

1935

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1935 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1934

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1934 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1934 Luigi Pirandello

“for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art”

1933

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1933 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933 Thomas Hunt Morgan

“for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1933 Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin

“for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing”

1932

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932 Werner Karl Heisenberg

“for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1932 John Galsworthy

“for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1932 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1931

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1931 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931 Otto Heinrich Warburg

“for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme”

1930

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930 Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

“for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930 Hans Fischer

“for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930 Sinclair Lewis

“for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters”

1929

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1929 Thomas Mann

“principally for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature”

1928

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1928 Owen Willans Richardson

“for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928 Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus

“for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1928 Sigrid Undset

“principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1928 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1927

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927 Arthur Holly Compton

“for his discovery of the effect named after him” Charles Thomson Rees Wilson

“for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927 Heinrich Otto Wieland

“for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927 Julius Wagner-Jauregg

“for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1927 Henri Bergson

“in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented”

1926

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin

“for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1926 Grazia Deledda

“for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general”

1925

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925 Richard Adolf Zsigmondy

“for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1925 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1925 George Bernard Shaw

“for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty”

1924

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1924 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1924 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1923

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1923 Robert Andrews Millikan

“for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923 Fritz Pregl

“for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1923 William Butler Yeats

“for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1923 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1922

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 Niels Henrik David Bohr

“for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922 Francis William Aston

“for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922 Archibald Vivian Hill

“for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle” Otto Fritz Meyerhof

“for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1922 Jacinto Benavente

“for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama”

1921

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 Albert Einstein

“for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921 Frederick Soddy

“for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1921 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1921 Anatole France

“in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament”

1920

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920 Charles Edouard Guillaume

“in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys”

1919

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919 Johannes Stark

“for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1919 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1918

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918 Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck

“in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1918 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1918 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1918 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1917

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1917 Charles Glover Barkla

“for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1917 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1917 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1916

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1916 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1916 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1916 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1916 Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam

“in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1916 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1915

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1915 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1915 Romain Rolland

“as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings”

The Nobel Peace Prize 1915 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1914

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914 Theodore William Richards

“in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914 Robert Bárány

“for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1914 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1914 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1913

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

“for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913 Alfred Werner

“in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913 Rabindranath Tagore

“because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West”

1912

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912 Nils Gustaf Dalén

“for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912 Victor Grignard

“for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry” Paul Sabatier

“for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912 Alexis Carrel

“in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1912 Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann

“primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art”

1911

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1911 Wilhelm Wien

“for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 Marie Curie, née Sklodowska

“in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1911 Count Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck

“in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers’ own feelings and stimulate their imaginations”

1910

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals

“for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910 Otto Wallach

“in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910 Albrecht Kossel

“in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1910 Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse

“as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories”

1909

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909 Wilhelm Ostwald

“in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909 Emil Theodor Kocher

“for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1909 Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf

“in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings”

1908

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1908 Gabriel Lippmann

“for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908 Ernest Rutherford

“for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1908 Rudolf Christoph Eucken

“in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life”

1907

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907 Albert Abraham Michelson

“for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907 Eduard Buchner

“for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907 Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran

“in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1907 Rudyard Kipling

“in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author”

1906

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906 Joseph John Thomson

“in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906 Henri Moissan

“in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1906 Giosuè Carducci

“not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces”

1905

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905 Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer

“in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1905 Henryk Sienkiewicz

“because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer”

1904

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1904 Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt)

“for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904 Sir William Ramsay

“in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

“in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1904 Frédéric Mistral

“in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist” José Echegaray y Eizaguirre

“in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama”

1903

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903 Svante August Arrhenius

“in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903 Niels Ryberg Finsen

“in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1903 Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson

“as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit”

1902

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman

“in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902 Hermann Emil Fischer

“in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902 Ronald Ross

“for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1902 Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen

“the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A history of Rome”

1901

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

“in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901 Jacobus Henricus van ‘t Hoff

“in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901 Emil Adolf von Behring

“for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths”