Anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, referred to as endocannabinoids (eCBs), are the endogenous agonists for the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1). Several pieces of evidence support a role for eCBs in the attenuation of anxiety-related behaviours, although the precise mechanism has remained uncertain. The fatty acid amid hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme responsible for the degradation of eCBs, has emerged as a promising target for anxiety-related disorders, since FAAH inhibitors are able to increase the levels of anandamide and thereby induce anxiolytic-like effects in rodents. The present study adopted both genetic and pharmacological approaches and tested the hypothesis that FAAH-deficient (FAAH−/−) mice as well as C57BL/6N mice treated with an FAAH inhibitor (URB597) would express reduced anxiety-like responses. Furthermore, as it is known that anandamide can bind several other targets than CB1 receptors, we investigated whether FAAH inhibition reduces anxiety via CB1 receptors. FAAH−/− mice showed reduced anxiety both in the elevated plus maze and in the light-dark test. These genotype-related differences were prevented by the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (3 mg/kg). Moreover, URB597 (1 mg/kg) induced an anxiolytic-like effect in C57BL/6N mice exposed to the elevated plus maze, which was prevented by rimonabant (3 mg/kg). The present work provides genetic and pharmacological evidence supporting the inhibition of FAAH as an important mechanism for the alleviation of anxiety. In addition, it indicates an increased activation of CB1 receptors as a mechanism underlying the effects of FAAH inhibition in two models of anxiety.