MOSCOW — The police in Kyrgyzstan detained the Central Asian nation’s former president on Thursday after violent clashes with his supporters, a day after a previous attempt to arrest him left one police officer dead and nearly 80 other people wounded.

The former president, Almazbek Atambayev, who was in office from 2011 to 2017, has accused his successor and onetime protégé, Sooronbay Jeenbekov, of fabricating criminal charges against him to stifle criticism. Mr. Atambayev had urged his supporters to rally on Thursday in the capital, Bishkek, to demand Mr. Jeenbekov’s resignation.

The violence has raised the threat of a new round of turmoil in the former Soviet nation, which has a border with China and hosts a Russian military air base. Kyrgyzstan’s first two presidents after independence were both driven from office by riots.

The first attempt by the police to arrest Mr. Atambayev at his residence outside the capital failed late Wednesday after his supporters rushed to his defense. An officer who was wounded later died, and 79 other people were hurt, according to official statements.