Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics

Innovations Free Access Gut Microbiota, Bacterial Translocation, and Interactions with Diet: Pathophysiological Links between Major Depressive Disorder and Non-Communicable Medical Comorbidities Slyepchenko A.a · Maes M.b-f · Jacka F.N.b,g-i · Köhler C.A.j · Barichello T.k · McIntyre R.S.l · Berk M.b, m · Grande I.n · Foster J.A.o · Vieta E.n · Carvalho A.F.j

Author affiliations aMcMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study (MiNDS), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada; bDeakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Geelong, Vic., Australia; cDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; dDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; eDepartment of Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; fRevitalis, Waalre, The Netherlands; gDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., hCentre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., and iBlack Dog Institute, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia; jDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; kTranslational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Tex., USA; lMood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; mOrygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and Centre for Youth Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia; nBipolar Disorder Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; oDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ont., Canada André F. Carvalho, MD, PhD Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Ceará, Rua Prof. Costa Mendes, 1608, 4° andar Fortaleza, CE 60430-040 (Brazil) E-Mail andrefc7@terra.com.br Keywords: Mood disordersObesityDepressionDiabetesMicrobiotaChronic fatigue syndromeInflammationPsychiatryIrritable bowel syndromeOxidative stress Related Articles for " " Psychother Psychosom 2017;86:31-46 https://doi.org/10.1159/000448957

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Extras : 1 Abstract Background: Persistent low-grade immune-inflammatory processes, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation are integral to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The microbiome, intestinal compositional changes, and resultant bacterial translocation add a new element to the bidirectional interactions of the gut-brain axis; new evidence implicates these pathways in the patho-aetiology of MDD. In addition, abnormalities in the gut-brain axis are associated with several chronic non-communicable disorders, which frequently co-occur in individuals with MDD, including but not limited to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE database up until May 1, 2016 for studies which investigated intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial translocation (the ‘leaky gut') in the pathophysiology of MDD and co-occurring somatic comorbidities with an emphasis on IBS, CFS, obesity, and T2DM. Results: The composition of the gut microbiota is influenced by several genetic and environmental factors (e.g. diet). Several lines of evidence indicate that gut-microbiota-diet interactions play a significant pathophysiological role in MDD and related medical comorbidities. Gut dysbiosis and the leaky gut may influence several pathways implicated in the biology of MDD, including but not limited to immune activation, O&NS, and neuroplasticity cascades. However, methodological inconsistencies and limitations limit comparisons across studies. Conclusions: Intestinal dysbiosis and the leaky gut may constitute a key pathophysiological link between MDD and its medical comorbidities. This emerging literature opens relevant preventative and therapeutic perspectives. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel

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Fava GA, Guidi J, Grandi S, Hasler G: The missing link between clinical states and biomarkers in mental disorders. Psychother Psychosom 2014;83:136-141. Article / Publication Details Received: June 14, 2016

Accepted: August 05, 2016

Published online: November 25, 2016

Issue release date: December 2016 Number of Print Pages: 16

Number of Figures: 1

Number of Tables: 0 ISSN: 0033-3190 (Print)

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