RAWALPINDI: At Murree Brewery, home of Pakistan's national lager, vintage copper boilers belch odorous fumes as they churn out 10 million litres of beer each year.

Hundreds of tons of gin and whisky are stored in climate-conditioned cellars, shielded from the pummelling sun.

In this photograph taken on June 28, 2016, a worker scans filled whisky bottles as they pass before an illumination panel at the Muree Brewery Company in Rawalpindi. ─ AFP

Whether it's beer produced by the crateful in Murree's venerable red brick brewery ─ opposite the powerful army's headquarters in Rawalpindi ─ or wine discreetly fermented in a bedroom, alcohol sales are booming in "teetotalitarian" Pakistan.

Strangers to the Islamic Republic may be surprised that Pakistan industriously ─ and at Murree openly ─ produces such quantities of booze, despite it being forbidden to 97 per cent of the population.

But although Muslims are banned from drinking alcohol, topers take advantage of the fact that the country's minorities, mainly Hindus and Christians, face no such prohibition, and often snaffle up their quota.

In this photograph taken on June 28, 2016, a worker checks a line of beer cans at the Muree Brewery Company in Rawalpindi. ─ AFP

And so although officially only 3 million adults can buy alcohol, the country's three breweries must work hard to please the nation's enthusiastic tipplers.

Murree produces two cask-aged whiskies and a gin dyed an electric blue ─ not coincidentally exactly the shade of bottles containing its more internationally renowned counterpart, Bombay Sapphire.

Founded by the British in 1860 and now Parsi-owned, Murree brewery has been burnt down by Muslim protesters, temporarily shut down during a purge and and continues to survive prohibition, which was imposed in the 1970s.

In this photograph taken on June 28, 2016, a worker uses a fork-lift truck to manoeuvre boxes of non-alcoholic malt bottles at the Muree Brewery Company in Rawalpindi. ─ AFP

Far from bowed, it flourishes as one of Pakistan's most successful companies, with an annual growth of between 15 to 20pc, a rarity in a country regularly wracked by militancy.

"There is no risk as such, because we are a very very legal entity ─ one of the biggest taxpayers in this country," said Major Sabihur Rehman, a brewery executive.

"It is in the interest of everybody that the Murree brewery as a legal business should flourish and continue."

An elite pursuit

With cans priced at Rs300 on the legal market in a country where the average salary is Rs13,000, the brewery caters mainly to a Muslim elite willing to break the rules.

In this photograph taken on June 28, 2016, workers pack bottles of whisky at the Muree Brewery Company in Rawalpindi. ─ AFP

Tahir Ahmed, a therapist specialising in addiction, who is worried about the rise in alcoholism, says that off licence stores "sell the booze to the people who can afford it, and only Muslims can".

"The middle class is steeped in Islamic morality, but the upper class are getting richer, and it is a new norm that if you invite someone for dinner you will be serving alcohol. It is socially expected."

Well stocked bars at birthday parties, dinners awash with Italian wines and discreet "car-bars" in the parking lots of wedding halls are supplied by a thriving blackmarket that also relies on vast foreign imports.

In this photograph taken on June 28, 2016, a worker fixes a pipe at a beer tank at the Muree Brewery Company in Rawalpindi. ─ AFP

"The main source of smuggling is through Dubai on launches crossing the sea," a customs official who did not wish to be named told AFP.

Smugglers are able to bring in entire containers by paying off officials, while sometimes unscrupulous diplomats sell a part of their legal quota to bootleggers.

An Asian embassy in Islamabad once ran its own wine shop, according to former customers.

Soaring spirits

Buying on the blackmarket raises prices ─ a bottle of Murree gin can cost over Rs2,000 even (more than double its official cost), even when bootleggers dilute the spirit. An ordinary bottle of table wine starts at over Rs4,000.

In this photograph taken on June 28, 2016, a worker marks whisky barrels which are stored in the maturation cellar of the Muree Brewery Company in Rawalpindi. ─ AFP

Cheap and dangerous moonshine is also available, often drunk with fatal consequences by the poor during festivals.

But wealthier amateurs, fed up with the variable quality of bootlegged alcohol, have taken to making their own wines at home.

With no grape harvest or cave, Hassan makes do with buying litres of grape juice, sugar and enzymes, which he mixes in huge glass cylinders.

In this photograph taken on June 29, 2016, a resident places bottles of homemade whisky under a table at his home in Islamabad. ─ AFP

For his white wine, he presses kilos of oranges and white grapes, which he brightens with raisins. All done discreetly in his guest bedroom.

"It is a fairly simple process, but you have to make sure everything is kept very clean, sanitise everything," explains the thirty-something connoisseur.

"It's a nice hobby, it's fun to make and drink what you made with friends," he adds.

Although a hobby that's punishable by 80 lashes, this viticulturist is undeterred. The penalty has never been applied.