The origins of Bethlem Hospital

In the 13th century, Simon FitzMary rose from modest origins to become the Sheriff of London - twice. He was said to have had a veneration for the Virgin Mary and the Star of Bethlehem, which developed during his time in the crusades. When he became a wealthy political figure, FitzMary donated a piece of land in the Bishopsgate ward of the City of London to the Bishop of Bethlehem for the creation of a charitable hospital.

In 1247 the Priory of St Mary of Bethlehem was founded, devoted to healing sick paupers. The small establishment became known as Bethlehem Hospital. Londoners later abbreviated this to 'Bethlem' and often pronounced it 'Bedlam'.