Solar panels utilize a physical phenomenon called the photovoltaic effect to produce an electric current.

In simple terms, there are certain materials that produce electricity when they are exposed to light. This occurs when the light knocks some of the electrons loose from their host atoms. When we attach conductors to the positive and negative sides of the material to form a circuit, we can channel this electrical energy.

The very first solar cell was built by Bell Labs over 50 years ago. The first serious use of solar cells was by the space industry as it was a very convenient way to power satellites.

When multiple solar cells are linked together, they become a solar panel.