But while it may sound like the dawning of an era of a cyborg workforce, management consultants say they're hearing little interest in the concept so far, and those leading the experiment in Sweden say it's an entirely voluntary exercise intended simply as a technological test for convenience. “It's very early to try to depict where this is going,” Patrick Mesterton, co-founder and chief executive of Epicenter, said in an interview with The Washington Post. “We're just doing this because it’s interesting. We want to play around with technology.”

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The promise behind the implant being offered at Epicenter is efficiency. People who get “chipped” — the same technology used to track pets or deliveries — can replace key cards, employee badges and credit cards for certain functions at the facility with technology that can't be lost or left behind.

Every once in a while, Epicenter, with the help of its “chief disruption officer,” who is one of the founders of BioNyfiken, the Swedish Association of Biohackers, organizes a “chip and beer” or “chip and wine” event after work. They bring in an outside firm to offer the procedure, which costs about $150, is voluntary and involves plenty of paperwork, Mesterton said. “Then they can ask us if they want to activate the chip on the services in the building.”

Mesterton said about 75 of the 2,000 people who work for the organizations housed at Epicenter had elected to have the chip implanted, including six of his 12 employees. Another 75 people who have no direct affiliation with Epicenter, but have attended open events at the facility, have chosen to be chipped out of their own interest. (A chain of gyms in Sweden, Mesterton said, offers access through embedded chips.)

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The technology does not allow for any kind of monitoring, he said. It “doesn't even carry that ability. It's exactly the same as if you would use a single key card,” he said. Known as a “passive chip,” it has no built-in power supply and can't send signals about its position. “If a person is worried about being traced, your mobile phone or Internet search history poses a bigger threat than the RFID chip we use ever would do,” Mesterton said in an email.

Ethical or privacy issues, however, could become a concern if the chips do more in the future and organizations embrace the technology. As Ben Libberton, a microbiologist at Stockholm's Karolinska Institute, told the Associated Press, “conceptually, you could get data about your health, you could get data about your whereabouts, how often you're working, how long you're working, if you're taking toilet breaks and things like that.”

That's one reason management consultants say such chips are unlikely to show up in American workplaces anytime soon. Michael Chui, a partner with the McKinsey Global Institute who leads its research on the impact of long-term technology trends, said that while there is “a broad awareness for the technical ability for this to happen,” right now there is “zero interest in actually doing it.”

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For one, the business case isn't very high, with “smart badges” and biometric scanners able to do much of the same work. Then, he said, “there is a general creep factor about it.”

Josh Bersin, who leads a unit at Deloitte that does human resources research, says that while wearable devices have become more common, particularly among manufacturing employees or drivers, big employers are still wary of such technology. “For lots of big companies, just the idea of a smart badge is scary enough,” he said. Suggesting that employees put something inside their bodies — “that's a big leap. I can leave my smart badge or my phone at home.” He hasn't had clients suggest it.

More likely, he said, is that companies will make more use out of sensor technology that can be embedded inside workers' badges. Such devices can track location data, listen in on the emotion of employees' voices and suggest, say, the most effective places for retail clerks to stand to improve sales. One company, Bersin said, used high-tech badges to find that employees with a positive attitude also tended to have more physical mobility during the day, a finding they used to redesign work practices, shorten meetings and even move others outside.

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Others think it's possible the technology could be tried in the United States within a few years, at least as the next iteration of biometric scanners that log people in and out of work sites. C.R. Wright, a partner with the employment law firm Fisher Phillips in Atlanta, said technology such as fingerprint or hand scans have become more popular as a way to avoid forgotten badges, prevent workers from “buddy punching” the clock, and secure particularly sensitive or secretive facilities.

“We already have biometric tags and packaging. It's jumping to the human application,” he said. Though any kind of embedded microchip is likely to bring pushback from workers, “within the next five years, I would think it will be tried here.”

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