President Donald Trump’s nominee to serve as the next ambassador to the United Nations publicly broke with him on climate change on Wednesday, stating at her Senate confirmation hearing that she believes fossil fuels and human behaviour contribute to the planet’s shifting weather phenomena – but stopping short of endorsing a return to international pacts like the Paris Climate Agreement.

Kelly Knight Craft, currently the US ambassador to Canada, stressed to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that “human behaviour has contributed to the change in climate, let there be no doubt”.

“I also understand that fossil fuels have played a part in climate change,” she later added.

But Ms Craft rejected urging the United States to make a return to the Paris agreement, warning that such pacts could “imperil” American jobs.

“We don’t feel like we have to be part of an agreement to be leaders,” she told senators, also arguing that the United States’s withdrawal from the agreement was legitimate because “we expected other countries to step up and while they did commit, they really were not serious”.

Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Show all 25 1 /25 Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Masked Butterflyfish (Chaetodon semilarvatus) swimming over a bommie reef in the Egyptian Red Sea marine reserve of Ras Mohamed, off the southern tip of the Sinai peninsula AFP/Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Rising sea temperatures cause corals to bleach (go white) and die Getty/iStock Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage A giant clam is seen nestled among coral reefs at the Obhor coast, 30 kms north of the Red Sea city of Jeddah AFP/Gett Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Coral reef in seychelles that has degraded After the reef has died they break up and become rubble. On this reef there is some regrowth of young corals so there is hope for recovery Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Coral gardening A rabbitfish in a net H Goehlich Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage A school of fish and a sea can in a healthy coral reef off the coast of Isla Mujeres, Mexico Getty/Lumix Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Sky views of great barrier reef in Australia Getty/iStock Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage A fish swims among coral reefs at the Obhor coast AFP/Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Researchers from the Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in the southern Israeli resort city Eilat monitor coral growth while scuba diving in the Red Sea AFP/Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Coral gardening A rope nursery Nature Seychelles Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Fish swimming off the coast of Egypt's Red Sea resort of Hurghada. The rebounding tourism sector is worrisome for the fragile marine ecosystem AFP/Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Coral gardening A parrotfish on the reef C Reveret Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Gorgonian sea fan on a a coral reef in the Egyptian Red Sea marine reserve of Ras Mohamed AFP/Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage A diver swims during a Great Barrier Reef experience on Lady Elliot Island, Australia Getty/Tourism Queensland Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Jessica Bellsworthy, a PhD student conducting research on the coral reefs of the Gulf of Eilat, holds a coral in an aquarium at the Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat AFP/Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Coral reefs in the water off the Obhor coast, 30 kms north of the Red Sea city of Jeddah in 2008 AFP/Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage A diver photographs golden anthias (Pseudanthias aurulentus) on a coral reef in the Egyptian Red Sea marine reserve of Ras Mohamed AFP/Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage FUNAFUTI, TUVALU - AUGUST 15: From the air the ocean (L) and the logoon (R) and separated by a thin stip of land on August 15, 2018 in Funafuti, Tuvalu. The small South Pacific island nation of Tuvalu is striving to mitigate the effects of climate change. Rising sea levels of 5mm per year since 1993, well above the global average, are damaging vital crops and causing flooding in the low lying nation at high tides. Sea water rises through the coral atoll on the mainland of Funafuti and inundates taro plantations, floods either side of the airport runway and affects peoples homes. The nation of 8 inhabited islands with an average elevation of only 2m above sea level is focusing on projects to help it and its people have a future. Four of the outer islands are 97% solar energy dependent and the Tuvalu Government is working to achieve 100% renewable energy from wind and solar by 2025. Tuvalu's 11,000 inhabitants see the effects of climate change in their daily life. (Photo by Fiona Goodall/Getty Images for Lumix) Fiona Goodall Getty/Lumix Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage A photo taken on April 4, 2019 shows fish swimming off the coast of Egypt's Red Sea resort of Hurghada. - In dazzling turquoise waters off Egypt's Red Sea coast, scuba divers swim among delicate pink jellyfish and admire coral -- but the rebounding tourism sector is worrisome for the fragile marine ecosystem. (Photo by Mohamed el-Shahed / AFP) (Photo credit should read MOHAMED EL-SHAHED/AFP/Getty Images) MOHAMED EL-SHAHED AFP/Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Coral gardening A damselfish Sarah Frias-Torres Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Divers swim past a coral reef in the Egyptian Red Sea marine reserve AFP/Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage A puffer fish hovering above coral in the Egyptian Red Sea marine reserve AFP/Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage Researchers from the Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in the southern Israeli resort city Eilat monitor coral growth while scuba diving on June 12, 2017 in the Red Sea off Eilat. Global warming has in recent years caused colourful coral reefs to bleach and die around the world -- but not in the Gulf of Eilat, or Aqaba, part of the northern Red Sea. At the Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in southern Israeli resort city Eilat, dozens of aquariums have been lined up in rows just off the Red Sea shore containing samples of local corals AFP/Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage This photo taken on April 21, 2017 shows an aerial shot of part of mischief reef in the disputed Spratly islands on April 21, 2017. Philippine Defence Secretary Delfin Lorenzana flew to a disputed South China Sea island on April 21, brushing off a challenge by the Chinese military while asserting Manila's territorial claim to the strategic region. / AFP PHOTO / TED ALJIBE (Photo credit should read TED ALJIBE/AFP/Getty Images) TED ALJIBE AFP/Getty Coral reefs: Trying to combat climate change damage fish swimming off the coast of Egypt's Red Sea resort of Hurghada AFP/Getty

Democrats had voiced serious concerns about how Ms Craft would address climate change, due to her family’s investments – totalling tens of millions of dollars – in the fossil fuel industry.

Ms Craft pledged to the panel on Wednesday that she would recuse herself from any negotiations or meetings related to coal and potentially fossil fuels, promising to follow whatever ethics guidance she was given on oil and gas matters as well.

“Where coal is part of the conversation within climate change at the UN, I will recuse myself,” Ms Craft told Senator Edward Markey during the hearing.

“If our ethics agreement called for me to recuse myself, absolutely, I will be in full compliance, I give you my word,” she said.

Ms Craft’s nomination comes as Democrats are increasingly concerned by President Trump’s approach to the global community, in particular his embrace of totalitarian leaders and his lack of attention to human rights matters traditionally prioritised by the US government.

Ms Craft pledged to senators that if confirmed, she would focus on promoting the value of humanitarian aid and “miss no opportunity” to use the United States’ seat on the UN Security Council to hold adversary nations like China and Russia to account for human rights violations.

She also spoke of her responsibility as UN ambassador to advocate for the oppressed and persecuted, noting the civil wars in Yemen and Syria, the economic crisis in Venezuela, and the “ethnic cleansing” of the Rohingya people in Myanmar.

But Ms Craft refused to cross President Trump on specific policy positions, including the administration’s decision to reduce its payment to the international organisation and pull out of key bodies, such as the UN Human Rights Council.

“[The UN’s] ambitions at times have got ahead of accountability. Waste and overlap remain problems,” Ms Craft said, arguing that the Trump administration had had “many recent successes at the UN” that she was “eager to build on”.

In one particularly tense exchange with Senator Lindsey Graham, who is close to the president but opposed to his cuts in humanitarian aid, Ms Craft argued that it was the responsibility of other nations to fill the budget shortfalls created by the United States pulling back its support – an argument that echoes Trump talking points on other alliances, such as defence cooperation with NATO.

“We are asking for people to step up and share this burden,” Ms Craft told Senator Graham, when he asked her about the president’s budget.

“Is the world safe enough for us to step down?” Mr Graham asked.

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“No sir, we are leaders within the United Nations and we are leaders around the world,” Ms Craft answered, prompting Mr Graham to retort: “Let’s show it.”

Otherwise, Republicans and Democrats made very different demands of Ms Craft and the approach she should take to other UN members, if confirmed.

“It is important that the US continue to pressure the United Nations to spend its money efficiently and effectively,” panel chairman Senator James Risch said, endorsing the Trump administration’s approach.

“While the United States benefits from being a member of the UN, the United Nations benefits more, much more, from the United States being a member.”

The committee’s top Democrat, New Jersey Senator Robert Menendez, stressed that Ms Craft would need to commit to “reforming and strengthening the United Nations, not irreparably damaging it”.

“I have deep reservations about your lack of qualifications for such a complex and challenging role,” Mr Menendez said.

Several Democrats raised questions about whether Ms Craft would be dedicated enough to her job, pointing out that she spent the majority of her nearly two-year tenure as ambassador to Canada away from her duty post in Ottawa.

Mr Menendez called her time away from the capital “staggering...very troubling and an abdication of leadership.”

But Ms Craft argued that all of her trips had been “pre-approved before travel,” and that she had spent time on the road because she was involved in negotiating a new trade deal with Canada and Mexico.

“I was not going to let this country down, nor Ambassador Lighthizer nor the president,” she said, arguing that her duties included many trips to Washington, DC for negotiations and around Canada to promote the agreement.

She was referring to US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer. “This was not a time to socialise, this was really a time to work,” Ms Craft said.

Several Republican senators leapt to her defence.

“You prioritised the top priority of this administration,” Senator Marco Rubio said.

Ms Craft also promised to “support the president’s vision for peace and security” in the Middle East – but when asked directly by Senator Christopher Coons if Mr Trump’s vision for the Middle East included a two-state solution for Israel and Palestinian territories, she demurred.

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“I have not been part of the Middle East peace process,” she said.

“But if confirmed, I will tell you there will be no stronger friend than Kelly Craft and the United States for Israel and no stronger person to promote Israel in normalising themselves in the system.”

But in a potential departure from President Trump, Ms Craft pledged to respect the findings of a UN investigation into the murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, a columnist for The Washington Post.

On Wednesday, special UN investigator Agnes Callamard released a 101-page report into the killing, calling for further investigation of Saudi officials including the country’s crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman.

“We know there is an investigation and we will follow this investigation where it takes us,” Ms Craft told senators.

President Trump has continued to embrace Saudi officials and said he accepts the royal family’s denials of culpability – infuriating members of both parties.

“He did it,” Mr Graham, one of the biggest Republican critics of President Trump’s approach to Saudi Arabia, said to Ms Craft of the Saudi crown prince’s role in Mr Khashoggi’s murder.

“Wouldn’t have happened without him, he knew it was going to happen, he wanted it to happen he caused it to happen, and this is just the tip of the iceberg of other things going on in this kingdom.”

“After this report’s issued I want you to let the committee know, do you believe he did it,” Senator Graham challenged Ms Craft.