Recently we have been asked by a number of parents if we can assess and diagnose Pathological Demand Avoidance or PDA as its easier to know. We thought, given the clear rise in the attention it is receiving we should explain what it is and how, or if, it can be assessed and diagnosed.

History and Profile

Dr Elizabeth Newson, a developmental psychologist, focused her work with autism during the 1970’s. In 1994 she was made a professor of developmental psychology in Nottingham where she used her inaugural lecture to discuss PDA, as a sub type of autism.

PDA can be thought of as a behavioural profile that is sometimes identified with individuals who are being assessed for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). PDA is not universally accepted, however, which we will explain further on in this post.

PDA is best understood as an anxiety driven need to be in control and avoid other people’s demands and expectations.

Although not everyone will display the same traits, the distinctive features of PDA in children show them to:

Resist and avoid the ordinary demands of life

Use social strategies as part of avoidance, eg distracting, giving excuses

Appear sociable, but lack understanding

Experience excessive mood swings and impulsivity

Appear comfortable in role play and pretence

Display obsessive behaviour that is often focused on other people.

People with this profile can appear controlling and dominating, especially when they feel anxious. However, when in control they can be charming, relaxed and engage positively with others around them.

Recently, more children having been assessed for either ASD or ADHD are walking away with labels of PDA, but not all. It would appear only some experienced clinicians involved in neurodevelopmental are happy to identify and apply the behavioural profile.