FILE- In this May 18, 2017, file photo, a child sleeps on his mother's shoulder after a perilous journey on foot to flee heavy fighting in their neighborhood between Iraqi forces and Islamic State militants, at a processing center in west Mosul, Iraq. In a report Thursday, June 22, 2017, the United Nation children’s agency said they documented a number of cases of Islamic State group fighters killing the children of families trying to flee militant-held neighborhoods in Mosul. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo, File)

FILE- In this May 18, 2017, file photo, a child sleeps on his mother's shoulder after a perilous journey on foot to flee heavy fighting in their neighborhood between Iraqi forces and Islamic State militants, at a processing center in west Mosul, Iraq. In a report Thursday, June 22, 2017, the United Nation children’s agency said they documented a number of cases of Islamic State group fighters killing the children of families trying to flee militant-held neighborhoods in Mosul. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo, File)

BAGHDAD (AP) — Fighters for the Islamic State group are targeting children in Mosul to prevent civilians from fleeing the city as Iraqi forces push into the last stronghold held in Iraq by the militants there, the United Nations said Thursday.

The U.N. children’s agency said it has documented a number of cases in which IS fighters killed the children of families trying to escape from neighborhoods controlled by the militants.

“They are using children as a weapon of war to prevent people from fleeing,” said UNICEF’s Iraq representative, Peter Hawkins. “This just highlights how indiscriminate and catastrophic this war is.”

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Iraqi troops are slowly clearing the last pockets of IS fighters from Mosul’s old city in an operation launched earlier this week. But an estimated 100,000 civilians packed into the dense terrain have slowed progress.

UNICEF said 1,075 Iraqi children have been killed and 1,130 wounded since IS militants overran nearly a third of Iraq in 2014. In the past six months alone, violence in Iraq has killed 152 children and injured 255, it said. In addition, the agency said, more than 1 million children have had their educations put on hold by either militant rule or displacement.

Children have also been forced to take part in violence. UNICEF said at least 231 children under the age of 18 were recruited by IS and other armed groups.

“The country’s future security and economic strength is determined by what is happening to its children today,” Hawkins said.

The fight to retake Mosul is estimated to have killed and injured thousands of civilians. The Iraqi government says more than 850,000 people have been forced from their homes by the operation, which was launched in October. On the city’s west, entire blocks have been flattened by clashes, airstrikes and artillery fire.

Late Wednesday, the al-Nuri Mosque and iconic leaning minaret in the Old City were destroyed. Iraqi and coalition officials said IS fighters blew up the landmarks. IS released a statement blaming a U.S. airstrike.