WASHINGTON—Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump did three speeches on Saturday, Oct. 22: a formal address in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, then rallies in Virginia Beach and Cleveland. He made 20 false claims:

1. Falsely said Cleveland’s I-X Center, where he was speaking, once housed a company that left the country to operate abroad: “As an example, this used to be a great plant. Thousands and thousands of people worked here. And they left.” (The facility was a government-owned bomber-manufacturing plant during World War II. It was then turned into a tank-manufacturing plant. The government shut it down in 1972; it was later turned into an exhibition centre.)

2. Falsely said, “The (Podesta) emails also show her staff saying ‘she has no core.’” (Follow along the deception trail here. First, Republican operative Karl Rove wrote a newspaper column in which he argued that Clinton had “no core message.” Second, the column was included in an email newsletter to which a Clinton aide subscribed. Third, the aide’s emails were hacked and published by Wikileaks. Fourth, Trump appears to have turned “no core message” into simply “no core” – and falsely attributed it to the Clinton aide, who merely had the Rove column in his mailbox, rather than to Rove himself.)

3. Falsely said of the Daesh terror group, also known as the Islamic State, “When they started – during her tenure as secretary of state – when they started, they started as a little group…why didn’t she stop it in the first place? Why did she let it start?” (ISIS started long before Clinton became secretary of state in 2009. The group was founded under a different name in 1999; it started using the name Islamic State of Iraq in 2006, under Bush.)

4. Falsely said, “Wikileaks showed John Podesta said of Hillary, ‘She has bad instincts.’” (It was Clinton ally Neera Tanden who called Clinton’s instincts “suboptimal” in the hacked Podesta emails, not Podesta himself.)

5. Falsely said, “Hillary’s plan includes an open border with the Middle East.” (It does not.)

6. Falsely said, “She is outspending our campaign in some ways by 50 to 1 in ads. We have markets where it’s 50 to 1. And we’re tied. That’s pretty good, right.” (This Trump claim refers to Florida: an article in September said Clinton was on pace to outspend Trump 53 to 1 on ads there by Election Day. But that has not happened: Trump had spent $12 million to Clinton’s $43 million as of last week, CNN reported, not even 4-to-1. Also, he is losing by an average of four points in Florida, not tied.)

7. Falsely said, “Homicides are up nearly 50 per cent in Washington D.C. and more than 60 per cent in Baltimore.” (This was true last year, but not this year. Homicides are down in both cities in 2016, DC’s by 13 per cent as of Friday.)

8. Falsely said, “The murder rate in the United States is the highest it’s been in 45 years.” (The increase in murders between 2014 and 2015, 11 per cent, was the highest in 45 years. But the number of murders was even lower than it was 45 years ago – even though the country had more than 100 million more people. The murder rate remains near a historic low.)

9. Falsely said, “We have the first-ever endorsement from ICE and our Border Patrol officers.” (ICE, a government agency whose full name is Immigration and Customs Enforcement, does not endorse candidates. Trump was endorsed by a union of ICE officers.)

10. Falsely said, “She smears all of you as deplorable and irredeemable.” (Clinton famously said “half” of Trump supporters are in a “basket of deplorables” and are “irredeemable,” not all of them.)

11. Falsely said, “As secretary of state, Hillary Clinton allowed thousands (of illegal immigrants) – I mean, all of them, thousands – to be released because their home countries wouldn’t take them back. Think of it.” (A 2001 Supreme Court decision required these people to be released if their home countries wouldn’t take them back. While some critics believe the Bush and Obama administration should have done more to pressure these countries, it wasn’t Clinton’s optional decision to release them.)

12. Falsely said, “Premiums are going up 60, 70, 80, 90 per cent. Next year it’s going to be worse.” (Obamacare prices are jumping, but Trump greatly overstates the hikes. Writes the Washington Post: “State-by-state weighted average increases range from just 1.3 per cent in Rhode Island to as high as 71 per cent in Oklahoma. But the most common plans in the marketplace will see an average increase of 9 per cent, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation’s July analysis.”)

13. Falsely said the U.S. provided Iran “$150 billion” as part of the nuclear deal. (Estimates vary, but experts say it is about $100 billion in unfrozen Iranian assets, not $150 billion.)

14. Falsely said of “inner cities”: “There’s no education. There’s no jobs.” (This is a gross exaggeration; many inner cities are thriving, and there are educated and employed people even in poor neighbourhoods.)

15. Falsely said, “Your taxes will go way, way down under a Trump administration, and Hillary Clinton is raising your taxes.” (Clinton is only raising taxes on the highest earners. The Tax Policy Center says most residents below the top 1 per cent will receive minor tax cuts under her plan, and even most of the highest earners will not see a doubling. Meanwhile, experts say the overwhelming majority of Trump’s cuts will go to the rich. Half are for the top 1 per cent, according to the Tax Policy Center, and some middle-class families will pay even more than they do now. Most families below the top 20 per cent of earners are expected to reap income gains of less than 1 per cent.)

16. Falsely said, in a separate speech, “(My) largest tax reductions are for the middle class.” (See above.)

17. Falsely said, “We have nearly an $800 billion annual trade deficit with the world.” (The trade deficit last year was $532 billion. It was $746 billion only when the count includes goods alone, excluding services. Trump sometimes specifies that he is talking about goods, but often does not.)

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18. Falsely said he is in first place in “three highly respected national polls.” (While several definitions of “highly respected” could be offered, Trump is wrong to suggest these polls are held in high esteem by independent experts. One of them is the Los Angeles Times tracking poll whose methodology many analysts view with deep skepticism. Another is the Republican-leaning Rasmussen poll that gets a mere C+ in 538’s pollster ratings; one study found it 24th in accuracy out of 28 pollsters in the 2012 election.)

19. Falsely said the country has “two million criminal illegal immigrants.” (This number is incorrect. It is taken from a study that found 1.9 million non-citizens who had been convicted of crimes – but many of them were legal immigrants. By one credible estimate, the number of illegal immigrants with convictions was 820,000.)

20. Falsely said, of Syrian refugees, “We have no idea who they are.” (The refugees are put through an extensive screening process.)

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