LONDON — Like other global institutions, HSBC, Europe’s largest bank, has been under severe pressure since the 2008 financial crisis to cut costs, meet stringent new regulatory demands and satisfy restless shareholders.

To that end, the British bank said on Tuesday that it would shed as many as 50,000 of its approximately 250,000 jobs as it sells several underperforming businesses, reduces the size of its global investment banking business and tries to cut billions of dollars in costs.

The latest moves are part of HSBC’s major strategic revamping announced by Stuart T. Gulliver, the bank’s chief executive, who took the helm in 2011.

As part of the newest changes, HSBC said it would increase its investment in Asia, where it generates more than half of its earnings. The bank has been evaluating whether to move its headquarters to Hong Kong from London, and it said it would complete that review by the end of the year.