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Kaga

Country Japan Ship Class Kaga-class Aircraft Carrier Builder Name Yokosuka Naval Arsenal Laid Down 19 Jul 1920 Launched 17 Nov 1921 Commissioned 1 Nov 1929 Sunk 4 Jun 1942 Displacement 38,200 tons standard; 42,541 tons full Length 812 feet Beam 107 feet Draft 31 feet Machinery Kanpon geared turbines, four screws Bunkerage 8,208t oil, 600t aviation fuel Power Output 127,400 SHP Speed 28 knots Range 10,000nm at 16 knots Crew 1708 Armament 10x8-in, 16x5-in, 22x25mm anti-aircraft Armor 6-in belt, 3.1-in deck Arrester Wires 9 Hangar Decks 3 Elevators 3 Aircraft 91

Contributor: C. Peter Chen

ww2dbaseKaga was Japan's first heavy carrier, converted from a battleship due to be scrapped under the terms of the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty. She was built at Kobe and Yokosuka in Japan, launched in 1926, and reconstructed (extended the flight deck) in 1934-1935. While her speed was not top-notch, her tall flight deck provided a large and dry platform for takeoffs and landings, making it a welcoming home for her aircrafts. She was active off China during the Sino-Japanese War, and was one of the main carriers that launched the planes that attacked Pearl Harbor.

ww2dbaseShe was lost at the Battle of Midway after being attacked by about thirty dive bombers. The first hit damaged the aft area of the flight deck, while the second crushed into the forward elevator, causing major damage below decks. By this point, Kaga had lost all her steering capabilities. Flight commander Takahisa Amagai was probably the luckiest of all senior officers at the bridge at that time, for that the next bomb probably landed close or squarely on it, and he was the only one who survived. The fourth and probably final hit landed amidships, but there was so much confusion that there could had been another. Amagi recalled:

There was so much debris flying around.... Huge fires were started on the flight deck and in the hangar.... For about twenty minutes we tried to put out the fire but it became impossible, so I abandoned the ship.... The Kaga was burning fiercely from stem to stern, and the anti-aircraft batteries were firing from induced explosion of their magazines. Even the paint on the side of the hull were burning.

ww2dbaseThe uncontrollable fire aboard Kaga could partly be attributed to Japanese carrier design of the time. According to plan, to fight fire in the enclosed hangar, the damage control team was to pull heavy fire curtains that were placed in the hangar designed to isolate. However, the fires occurring in multiple areas of the hangar made isolation impossible. Furthermore, a single water main running along the ship that supplied water for firefighting was destroyed when multiple bombs exploded near the lone water main. Finally, the hangar at the time was filled with ammunition; in this enclosed hangar, without an opening directly to the exterior, the crew simply had no way to move the heavy bombs and torpedoes away from the fires (only a few men remained alive in the hangar at this time, in any case). With aviation fuel continued flowing, there was no stopping of the conflagaration. Kaga's demise would have been just a bit quicker if American torpedoes were a bit more reliable: while Kaga was ablaze, USS Nautilus found the carrier and fired four torpedoes at her. The first was stuck in the tube, while the second and the third missed widely. The fourth hit Kaga squarely, scaring the swimming sailors near by, but it failed to detonate. Ironically, the torpedo broke in half and provided floatation tools for the Japanese sailors.

ww2dbaseThe crew of Kaga removed the Emperor's portrait at 1325 as it was determined that the carrier was now beyond repair, though gallant efforts to keep her alive continued for several more hours. By 1640, the order to abandon ship was finally given. At 1925, the escorting destroyer Hagikaze launched two torpedoes at the carrier after rescuing all the remaining survivors. A minute later, both 1,000-pound warheads hit Kaga's starboard side amidships. Commander Seiji Nakasugi stood on the deck of Hagikaze and witnessed his ship's last moment; "it was a horrendous sight to see a huge warship like this vanish. But she went nobly." At 1925, she went completely under the waves. Amagai lamented "I should have died with her".

ww2dbasePart of Kaga's wreck was discovered in Sep 1999 by a team that included members of Nihon Kaigun website (http://www.combinedfleet.com). The wreckage, laying 17,000 feet below the surface, consists of two gun tubs and a section of the upper hanger deck, located on the starboard aft machine-gun gallery of Kaga. For more information, please see the original article at Combinedfleet.com.

ww2dbaseSource: Imperial Japanese Navy Page, Midway Dauntless Victory, the Pacific Campaign, Shattered Sword, US Navy Naval Historical Center.

Last Major Revision: Sep 2008

Aircraft Carrier Kaga Interactive Map

Kaga Operational Timeline

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