Effective conservation management plans depend on accurate knowledge of biodiversity, such as the number of species occurring in a region, which can be challenging for a variety of reasons. This is particularly true of Amazonian biodiversity where taxonomic uncertainties are common. Vacher et al. (2020) demonstrate a new approach to estimating biodiversity by analyzing a large dataset of geotagged frog DNA samples from Amazonia with a focus on the Eastern Guiana Shield to identify bioregions and regional endemism. Their next-generation sequencing and modeling results indicate that the number of bioregions and endemic species is severely underestimated. The authors estimate that, rather than the traditional range of 427 - 577 species, the Amazon contains at least 2,000 species of frogs. (AmphibiaWeb has a tally of 1,076 frogs in Brasil alone.) Furthermore, many of these species are likely threatened with habitat loss. Their results raise concerns about using meta-analyses based on public databases of Amazonian species and other poorly known groups. Leer en español