I mentioned in my previous post a mercurial extension I wrote for making bookmarks easier to manipulate. Since then it has undergone a large overhaul, and I believe it is now stable and intuitive enough to advertise a bit more widely.

Introducing bookbinder

When working with bookmarks (or anonymous heads) I often wanted to operate on the entire series of commits within the feature I was working on. I often found myself digging out revision numbers to find the first commit in a bookmark to do things like rebasing, grafting or diffing. This was annoying. I wanted bookmarks to work more like a git-style branch, that has a definite start as well as an end. And I wanted to be able to easily refer to the set of commits contained within. Enter bookbinder.

First, you can install bookbinder by cloning:

$ hg clone https://hg.sr.ht/~ahal/bookbinder

Then add the following to your hgrc:

[extensions] bookbinder = path/to/bookbinder

Usage is simple. Any command that accepts a revset with –rev, will be wrapped so that bookmark labels are replaced with the series of commits contained within the bookmark.

For example, let’s say we create a bookmark to work on a feature called foo and make two commits:

$ hg log -f changeset: 2:fcd3bdafbc88 bookmark: foo summary: Modify foo changeset: 1:8dec92fc1b1c summary: Implement foo changeset: 0:165467d1f143 summary: Initial commit

Without bookbinder, bookmarks are only labels to a commit:

$ hg log -r foo changeset: 2:fcd3bdafbc88 bookmark: foo summary: Modify foo

But with bookbinder, bookmarks become a logical series of related commits. They are more similar to git-style branches:

$ hg log -r foo changeset: 2:fcd3bdafbc88 bookmark: foo summary: Modify foo changeset: 1:8dec92fc1b1c summary: Implement foo

Remember hg log is just one example. Bookbinder automatically detects and wraps all commands that have a –rev option and that can receive a series of commits. It even finds commands from arbitrary extensions that may be installed! Here are few examples that I’ve found handy in addition to hg log :

$ hg rebase -r <bookbark> -d <dest> $ hg diff -r <bookmark> $ hg graft -r <bookmark> $ hg grep -r <bookmark> $ hg fold -r <bookmark> $ hg prune -r <bookmark> # etc.

They all replace the single commit pointed to by the bookmark with the series of commits within the bookmark. But what if you actually only want the single commit pointed to by the bookmark label? Bookbinder uses ‘.’ as an escape character, so using the example above:

$ hg log -r .foo changeset: 2:fcd3bdafbc88 bookmark: foo summary: Modify foo

Bookbinder will also detect if bookmarks are based on top of one another:

$ hg rebase -r my_bookmark_2 -d my_bookmark_1

Running hg log -r my_bookmark_2 will not print any of the commits contained by my_bookmark_1 .

The gory details

But how does bookbinder know where one feature ends, and another begins? Bookbinder implements a new revset called “feature”. The feature revset is roughly equivalent to the following alias (kudos to smacleod for coming up with it):

[revsetalias] feature($1) = ($1 or (ancestors($1) and not (excludemarks($1) or hg ancestors(excludemarks($1))))) and not public() and not merge() excludemarks($1) = ancestors(parents($1)) and bookmark()

Here is a formal definition. A commit C is “within” a feature branch ending at revision R if all of the following statements are true:

C is R or C is an ancestor of R C is not public C is not a merge commit no bookmarks exist in [C, R) for C != R all commits in (C, R) are also within R for C != R

In easier to understand terms, this means all ancestors of a revision that aren’t public, a merge commit or part of a different bookmark, are within that revision’s ‘feature’. One thing to be aware of, is that this definition allows empty bookmarks. For example, if you create a new bookmark on a public commit and haven’t made any changes yet, that bookmark is “empty”. Running hg log -r with an empty bookmark won’t have any output.

The feature revset that bookbinder exposes, works just as well on revisions that don’t have any associated bookmark. For example, if you are working with an anonymous head, you could do:

$ hg log -r 'feature(<rev>)'

In fact, when you pass in a bookmark label to a supported command, bookbinder is literally just substituting -r <bookmark> with -r feature(<bookmark>) . All the hard work is happening in the feature revset.

In closing, bookbinder has helped me make a lot more sense out of my bookmark based workflow. It’s solving a problem I think should be handled in mercurial core, maybe one day I’ll attempt to submit a patch upstream. But until then, I hope it can be useful to others as well.