There's been some confusion floating around about the GPU package construction of AMD's new Vega, in particular surrounding the use of molding and its impact on package height and how this will affect third-party graphics card manufacturers, both in terms of cost and timing. We've talked to several sources, examined various packaging, and conducted a couple of quick experiments in order to provide a clearer picture of these issues.

Let's start with the basics. A GPU (including, in this case, its interposer and complementary HBM2) can’t simply be soldered to the PCB. So specialized manufacturers (ASE in Taiwan, for instance) first create an interface between the semiconductor and board using a flip chip packaging process, which is then much easier to handle in the PCB assembly.

These packages are then fed automatically from a roll to transfer tape, and secured to the PCB using an SMT production line. This can be an issue for very delicate components, since many older SMT facilities are unable to transport and position them without damage.

We’ll start by comparing the package as it was originally presented on AMD's internal PowerPoint slide and demonstrations (pictured above) to the version on our Radeon RX Vega 56 card. We can clearly see that there are deep gaps between the GPU and both memory modules, or, alternatively, that these components are relatively higher.

Conversely, the interposer is extremely thin and fragile. This is likely why AMD warns its partners to be careful when cleaning out thermal paste, as seen below.

The Differences Between AMD's Packages

This can also present challenges to automated processes, particularly when it comes to the issue of underfill (illustrated in the image below), since pressure-sensitive cavities can form between the interposer and intermediate plate during packaging. This can be avoided by adding “molding” to fill the gaps between the chips and memory modules. Here is an image of both variants, with and without molding:

Looking at the Vega Frontier Edition and some Radeon RX Vega cards, pictured below, it's clear that AMD now favors the use of molding. The area around the GPU and memory is filled with an epoxy-like material that significantly improves stability. These packages are made in Taiwan and manufactured by ASE.

A Third Variant Arrives

We've seen both packaging variants, which come from different manufacturers, out in the wild. This can create problems for add-in board partners looking to standardize, of course. But what's this about a third variant? We discovered some differences with our Radeon RX Vega 56 card, including the package's shim, circuit board, and inscription, indicating another manufacturer and origin.

Thinking back to Fiji, AMD usually shipped its chips first to memory vendor SK hynix, which then assembled its HBM modules, had the packages completed in Korea without molding, and finally sent back, completed, to AMD. Both of the Vega cards we tested previously had molded packages from from ASE in Taiwan, so we now have a new Korean package on the scene.

So, What's the Problem?

AIB partners face new challenges, since the HBM2 is about 40 μm lower in the unmolded packages, and the third variant's underfill obviously differs somewhat.

For one, the mass production and use of a common cooler for several models must take the applied heat conducting material into account. The thickness must be optimized for the unmolded packages, the viscosity must be high enough, and the resulting contact pressure can't damage anything after being bolted together.

We tested and compared both PCBs while running the cards with a defined limit so that they received about 260W of power in the same gaming loop. For the thermal paste, we used Diamond from Innovation Cooling, which is somewhat more viscous compared to Thermal Grizzly’s rather thin Kryonaut paste.

To achieve a similar heat curve under load for both packages, we had to apply a slightly higher contact pressure for the lower package (between approx. 0.05 and 0.1Nm more). This could be problematic on some cards; many manufacturers include thread-stops to prevent over-turning, resulting in insufficient pressure when the screws reach their limits.

For Kryonaut’s thinner paste with identical contact pressures, on the other hand, it made no difference which of the two packages we used. It is unfortunate that such thin pastes tend to be unsuitable for use with mass-produced application on the heat sink.

Individual partners now provide thermal solutions with six, rather than four screws. Moreover, all prefabricated heat sinks and backplates for the non-molded packages had to be adapted and thus are no longer usable. Others we've talked to report SMT problems and other adjustments, which could alter the appearance of some custom models.

When asked by its AIB partners, AMD explained that the minimal differences between packages should have no effect on the functionality of previously-developed coolers. Even if this proves true, manufacturers still have to develop their own test cases to prepare for mass production as optimally as possible. And that again costs time, which nobody has. Although the first custom models have been announced for mid-September availability, some models could be delayed until the end of September or early October.

Is it Due to Different Memory?

Right now, it has been suggested that different memory modules (coming from Samsung and SK hynix) are the culprit for all of this. However, this remains purely speculative, as we cannot get a clear statement from any of the involved parties. But it could be one possible reason why we see different HBM2 module heights in the packages, and why there are therefore different production lines.

It is also technically not easy to neatly pour molding for components with widely different heights, which also supports the assumption that different memory modules could be used here. A pure capacity problem in the packaging process can actually be excluded here.

As we were getting ready to publish this, we learned from a reliable source that Radeon RX Vega 56 likely only uses HBM2 from SK hynix. Nevertheless, two package types are also in circulation for Vega 56, which can't be ordered separately by AIBs, allowing them to choose the package type that works best for them. The 0.1mm height difference is by no means negligible.

How Relevant is this, Anyway?

The abilities of each manufacturer are somewhat different. Those equipped with newer production lines have fewer problems making these circuit boards. For the coolers, however, it depends on the specific solution, where potential changes could also mean higher costs. After all, much of what has been planned has to be solved yet again.

On top of that, time is an important factor. Every lost day costs money. If different HBM2 modules come into play, it will be interesting to compare overclocking headroom and thermal performance. Could it be that miners seek out one implementation over the other? We'll be here to figure all of that out.

AMD has said that third-party cards will come at the end of Q3, so we'll have to wait and see whether this impacts the final price and availability of add-in boards, and whether ultimately any of us should care.