Formation of Conics



Conics are formed by intersection of a Double Cone and a Plane





Let l be a fixed vertical line and m be another line intersecting it

at a fixed point V and let the measure of the angle made by m with l

beα(0<α<π/2).Suppose the line m is rotated around the line l in such a

way that the angle α remains constant.

Then the surface generated is called a right circular cone. The point of

intersection V separates the cone two parts. Hence it is called a

double napped cone or a double cone.For simplicity we will refer this

as a cone. Since the lines l and m are of infinite extent. The cone is

extending indefinitely in both the directions. The point V is called the

vertex. The line l is the axis of the cone and the rotating line m is

called a generator of the cone,and two parts of the cone are called napes.



















The intersection of a plane with a cone,the section so obtained is

called a conic section. Thus,conic sections are the curves obtained by

intersecting a right circular cone by a plane and hence the name conics.



1)Parabola









parabola involves a point (the focus ) and a line (the directrix ). The focus does not lie on the directrix. The parabola is the locus of points in that plane that are equidistant from both the directrix and the focus. Another description of a parabola is as a conic section. Parabola has eccentricity is 0 , "created from the intersection of a right circular comical surface and a plane which is parallel to another plane that is tangential to the conical surface".



Ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focal points , such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant. The elongation of an ellipse is measured by its eccentricity e , a number ranging from e = 0 (the limiting case of a circle) to e = 1 (the limiting case of infinite elongation, no longer an ellipse but a parabola ). " Ellipse arise when the intersection of the cone and plane is a closed curve".









b.Circle







A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are a given distance from a given point, the centre ; equivalently it is the curve traced out by a point that moves in a plane so that its distance from a given point is constant . The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius . " A circle is formed at the intersection of the cone and the plane if the plane is at right angles to the vertical axis of the cone (i.e. parallel to the cone's base)". A circle may also be defined as a special kind of ellipse in which the two foci are coincident and the eccentricity is 0, or the two-dimensional shape enclosing the most area per unit perimeter squared.

























3)Hyperbola





A hyperbola has two pieces, called connected components or branches, that are mirror images of each other and resemble two infinite bows . A hyperbola is the set of all points where the difference between their distances from two fixed points (the foci) is constant. In the case of a hyperbola, there are two foci and two directrices. Hyperbolas also have two asymptotes. "Hyperbola formed by intersection of plan to come and plane is parrellel to axis of cone". Eccentricity of hyperbola is greater than 1





Application of conic section





1)Application of Parabola





Parabolas have the property that, if they are made of material that reflects light , then light which travels parallel to the axis of symmetry of a parabola and strikes its concave side is reflected to its focus, regardless of where on the parabola the reflection occurs. Conversely, light that originates from a point source at the focus is reflected into a parallel beam, leaving the parabola parallel to the axis of symmetry. The same effects occur with sound and other forms of energy. This reflective property is the basis of many practical uses of parabolas.













It is an antenna that uses a parabolic reflecter , a curved surface with the cross-sectional shape of a parabola , to direct the radio waves . The most common form is shaped like a dish and is popularly called a dish antenna or parabolic dish .













2 parabolic microphone

It is a microphone uses a parabolic reflector to collect and focus sound waves onto a transducer , in much the same way that a parabolic antenna (e.g., satellite dish ) does with radio waves . Though they lack high fidelity, parabolic microphones have great sensitivity to sounds in one direction, along the axis of the dish, and can pick up distant sounds. Typical uses of this microphone include nature sound recording such as recording bird calls , field audio for sports broadcasting, and eavesdropping on conversations, for example in espionage and law enforcement.





2) Application of Ellipse

The Reflective property of an ellipse is simply this: when a ray leaves one of the foci and meets a point on that ellipse, it will reflect off of the ellipse and pass through the other focus.









Lithotripsy is a procedure that uses shock waves to break up stones in the kidney, bladder, or ureter (tube that carries urine from your kidneys to your bladder). After the procedure, the tiny pieces of stones pass out of your body in your urine.









If an ellipse is rotated about the major axis, you obtain a football.











Kepler's first law of planetary motion is:

The path of each planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus.











Whispering Galleries -- in the old House of representatives 4.-- in the old House of representatives





Statuary Hall in the U.S. Capital building is elliptic.



It was in this room that John Quincy Adams, while a member of the House of Representatives, discovered this acoustical phenomenon.



He situated his desk at a focal point of the elliptical ceiling, easily eavesdropping on the private conversations of other House members located near the other focal point.









5. Whispering Galleries -- Mormon tabernacle

The Mormon Tabernacle in Salt Lake City has an elliptical ceiling.



You can hear a pin drop from 175 feet away. The Tabernacle is 250 feet long, 150 feet wide, and 80 feet high. The organ has 11,623 pipes!

















The reflection property of the ellipse is useful in elliptical pool — if you hit the ball so that it goes through one focus, it will reflect off the ellipse and go into the hole which is located at the other focus.







