President Donald Trump’s move to withdraw from a global climate accord runs the risk of creating new irritants between the U.S. and its trading partners on a number of negotiating fronts, including any efforts to rekindle stalled talks over a major trans-Atlantic trading agreement, experts said Friday.

Few expect outright tariffs from Europe or other trading partners, at least initially, as retaliation against the U.S. pullout from the Paris climate accord. The European Union’s climate and energy commissioner, Miguel Arias...