This study reports the associations between the intelligence of children aged 8–10 years across thirty-one provinces and municipalities of the People's Republic of China and their economic and social correlates. It was found that regional IQs were significantly correlated at the p < 0.001 significant level with the percentage of Han in the population (r = 0.75), GDP per capita (r = 0.73), and years of education (r = 0.76). Results of a multiple regression analysis showed that regional IQs were the only significant predictor of regional differences in the GDP per capita accounting for 56% of the variance.