Now, officials have begun to play down the scandal, saying there is little evidence of widespread violations of child labor laws. A two-day government sweep involving more than 3,000 factories around Dongguan, which was conducted after the initial raids, turned up only 6 to 10 children, officials said.

But residents of Liangshan say abject poverty, drug abuse and a lack of jobs have forced many children to head for factories. Sometimes it is with their parents’ permission. Other times, children disappear, on their own or with job recruiters, and then call home from a factory dormitory, hundreds of miles away.

“When our daughter left, we were quite worried,” said 42-year-old Qi Ji Gu Xi, whose 14-year-old daughter left last February. “We didn’t know where to find her. Then she called us and told us she’s a migrant worker in Guangdong.”

Such stories are not unusual. In more than two dozen interviews this week, children who had returned home from factories told of hardship and abuse. Parents living in squalor acknowledged that their children had been lured into traveling to factories. And other residents said conditions in these mountain villages were so appallingly poor that young people felt they had no choice but to leave home.

On Wednesday, more than 10 families interviewed in the span of five hours in Zhaojue County, part of Liangshan, said they had children working in factories, often earning less than $90 a month for 12-hour days, seven days a week. Even if the children were of working age, the pay, equivalent to about 25 cents an hour, and the working conditions would violate China’s labor laws. In the prime manufacturing zones, the official minimum wage is at least 65 cents an hour, and employers are required to pay significantly more for overtime.

Ji Ke Ri Sha said he had spent more than a year working in factories in several provinces, including Shandong and Shanxi. His family could not survive on farming alone, he said, and so he took a chance on the world outside. He hopped from factory to factory, holding four jobs before his 15th birthday.