What is PostgreSQL?

PostgreSQL is a powerful, open source Relational Database Management System. PostgreSQL is not controlled by any organization or any individual. Its source code is available free of charge. It is pronounced as “post-gress-Q-L”. This article give an overview of How PostgreSQL Deployment Works on Kubernetes.https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/deploy-postgresql-kubernetes-docker/

Continuous delivery is a branch of continuous integration. It concentrates on automating the software delivery process so that teams can quickly and confidently deploy their code to production at any point. You may also love to read How to Deploy Kotlin Application on Docker and Kubernetes in this blog.

PostgreSQL has earned a strong reputation for its reliability, data integrity, and correctness.

It runs on all major operating systems, including Linux, UNIX (AIX, BSD, HP-UX, SGI IRIX, MacOS, Solaris, Tru64), and Windows.

It is fully ACID compliant, has full support for foreign keys, joins, views, triggers, and stored procedures (in multiple languages).

It includes most SQL:2008 data types, including INTEGER, NUMERIC, BOOLEAN, CHAR, VARCHAR, DATE, INTERVAL, and TIMESTAMP.

It also supports storage of binary large objects, including pictures, sounds, or video.

It has native programming interfaces for C/C++, Java, .Net, Perl, Python, Ruby, Tcl, ODBC, among others, and exceptional documentation.

Prerequisites for Deploying PostgreSQL on Kubernetes

To follow this guide you need –

Kubernetes Cluster

Cluster GlusterFS Cluster

Step 1 – Create a PostgreSQL Container Image

Create a file name “Dockerfile” for PostgreSQL. This image contains our custom config dockerfile which will look like –

FROM ubuntu: latest MAINTAINER XenonStack RUN apt - key adv--keyserver hkp: //p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys B97B0AFCAA1A47F044F244A07FCC7D46ACCC4CF8 RUN echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ xenial-pgdg main" > /etc/apt / sources.list.d / pgdg.list RUN apt - get update && apt - get install - y python - software - properties software - properties - common postgresql - 9.6 postgresql - client - 9.6 postgresql - contrib - 9.6 RUN / etc / init.d / postgresql start && \ psql--command "CREATE USER root WITH SUPERUSER PASSWORD 'xenonstack';" && \ createdb - O root xenonstack RUN echo "host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5" >> /etc/postgresql / 9.6 / main / pg_hba.conf RUN echo "listen_addresses='*'" >> /etc/postgresql / 9.6 / main / postgresql.conf # Expose the PostgreSQL port EXPOSE 5432 # Add VOLUMEs to allow backup of databases VOLUME["/var/lib/postgresql"] # Set the default command to run when starting the container CMD["/usr/lib/postgresql/9.6/bin/postgres", "-D", "/var/lib/postgresql", "-c", "config_file=/etc/postgresql/9.6/main/postgresql.conf"]

This Postgres image has a base image of ubuntu xenial. After that, we create Super User and default databases. Exposing 5432 port will help external system to connect the PostgreSQL server.

Step 2 – Build PostgreSQL Docker Image

$ docker build - t dr.xenonstack.com: 5050 / postgres: v9 .6

Step 3 – Create a Storage Volume (Using GlusterFS)

Using below-mentioned command create a volume in GlusterFS for PostgreSQL and start it. As we don’t want to lose our PostgreSQL Database data just because a Gluster server dies in the cluster, so we put replica 2 or more for higher availability of data.

$ gluster volume create postgres - disk replica 2 transport tcp k8 - master: /mnt/brick 1 / postgres - disk k8 - 1: /mnt/brick 1 / postgres - disk $ gluster volume start postgres - disk $ gluster volume info postgres - disk

Step 4 – Deploy PostgreSQL on Kubernetes

Deploying PostgreSQL on Kubernetes have following prerequisites –

Docker Image: We have created a Docker Image for Postgres in Step 2

We have created a Docker Image for Postgres in Step 2 Persistent Shared Storage Volume: We have created a Persistent Shared Storage Volume in Step 3

We have created a Persistent Shared Storage Volume in Step 3 Deployment & Service Files: Next, we will create Deployment & Service Files

Create a file name “deployment.yml” for PostgreSQL. This deployment file will look like –

apiVersion: extensions / v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: postgres namespace: production spec: replicas: 1 template: metadata: labels: k8s - app: postgres spec: containers: -name: postgres image: dr.xenonstack.com: 5050 / postgres: v9 .6 imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent" ports: -containerPort: 5432 env: -name: POSTGRES_USER value: postgres - name: POSTGRES_PASSWORD value: superpostgres - name: PGDATA value: /var/lib / postgresql / data / pgdata volumeMounts: -mountPath: /var/lib / postgresql / data name: postgredb volumes: -name: postgredb glusterfs: endpoints: glusterfs - cluster path: postgres - disk readOnly: false

We need to Define the Environment Variables for PostgreSQL

1. POSTGRES_USER (Super Username for PostgreSQL)

2. POSTGRES_PASSWORD (Super User password for PostgreSQL)

3. PGDATA (Data Directory for PostgreSQL Database)

Now we need to create a file named “service.yml” for PostgreSQL. This deployment file will look like –

apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: labels: k8s - app: postgres name: postgres namespace: production spec: type: NodePort ports: -port: 5432 selector: k8s - app: postgres

Now let’s deploy PostgreSQL using following commands:

$ kubectl create - f deployment.yml $ kubectl create - f service.yml

Now you have successfully Deployed PostgreSQL on Kubernetes

Summarizing PostgreSQL Deployment

PostgreSQL is a powerful, open source object-relational database system. PostgreSQL on Kubernetes helped to utilize resources even much better than virtual machines and also provide isolation from other apps which are deployed on the same machine.

At XenonStack we have specialized professionals that can help you in starting with Microservices Architecture, NoSQL and SQL Database like PostgreSQL On Docker & Kubernetes. Reach Us for Development, Deployment, and Consulting for MicroServices, Kubernetes, and Docker Technology Solutions.

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