Other techniques take a few minutes to change the shade of the material, and some can't achieve the opacity that it can. Further, there are methods that need a constant flow of voltage for the window to remain opaque. This one only needs electricity when switching colors -- the window can remain in its nearly black state without being connected to a source of energy.

To make sure it has near instantaneous response time, the researchers used sponge-like materials called metal-organic frameworks that can quickly conduct electrons and ions. Electricity is applied to give the window a negative charge, and positive ions attack in an effort to neutralize it. That is what causes the color-changing effect. They also mixed two different chemicals that dye the window red and green to get to a color that's very nearly black.

MIT professor of chemistry Mircea Dincă said the technique could lead to "pretty significant energy savings" by reducing the need for air conditioning. "You could just flip a switch when the sun shines through the window, and turn it dark," he added. He also believes that it could lead to low-power smart displays, similar to e-ink found on Kindles. While the researchers already proved that their method works in the lab, they still need to create an actual working sample to entice investors and get their creation into our homes.