-- standard of living including disposable income and health-care benefits

-- the inclusion of women, youth and expats in the workforce.a

Within these categories, 14 micro factors including health-care expenditure, immigration levels and the gender wage gap were analyzed to determine a score for each category.

“Cities which offer high salaries may be misleading, as incomes in these nations are often negated by additional health-care costs and high tax rates,” said Finn Age Hänsel, managing director at Movinga in Berlin.

“Consider too that although some cities offer great opportunities for men, the wage gap and opportunity for female career advancement can be vastly different than other countries.”