ISTANBUL—Turkish Airlines on Tuesday said it plans to buy up to 95 jets from U.S. plane maker Boeing Co., as Turkey's fast-growing flag carrier seeks to double its fleet to grab a bigger slice of passenger traffic to and from Europe and the Middle East.

The Istanbul-based airline's expansion plan mirrors Turkey's ambitions to establish itself as a regional economic power, exploiting its growing population, expanding middle class and proximity to both Western Europe and Asia.

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