The monetary fund’s report builds on its broader message this week — that governments should take advantage of global economic strengthening to get their fiscal houses in order. By acting now to curb debt, overhaul inequities in taxation and lift spending on education and health for the poor, countries can stave off another economic crisis and help the most vulnerable in the process.

President Trump’s agenda in many ways defies those recommendations. He championed several bills in Congress this year that would have reduced federal spending on health care, though none of them passed the Senate.

And while Mr. Trump’s first budget proposal promised to reduce federal deficits and debt, his administration is pushing a tax plan that independent analysts warn could add trillions to the deficit over the next decade, depending on how Republicans fill in crucial details that party leaders have so far declined to specify.

Perhaps most importantly, the framework tax plan includes several measures that analysts say would amount to windfalls for wealthy Americans, even though Mr. Trump has said the wealthy will not benefit from the plan.

The framework released last month would reduce the top income tax rate on individuals to 35 percent, from 39.6 percent today, while leaving open the possibility of levying a higher top rate on top income earners. It would repeal the estate tax, which currently affects only individuals’ estates valued at more than $5.49 million. And it would reduce taxes on so-called pass-through entities — businesses whose owners currently pay federal income taxes on their profits.