As Europe reported more than 3,400 deaths and 82,000 confirmed cases, Italy alone reported 475 deaths in a single day — the highest daily total in any country so far. Here’s the latest and maps of the outbreak.

“Take it seriously,” Chancellor Angela Merkel said in a televised address to Germany, which has 8,200 cases and counting. “Since German reunification — no, since World War II — our country has never faced a challenge where we depended so much on our collective actions and solidarity.”

But there were signs of fraying unity as the resurrection of border controls caused chaos and traffic jams, particularly in Hungary.

The virus has also created generational friction: Some older Europeans criticize young people for blithely ignoring warnings about social distancing, while young activists wonder why governments aren’t bringing the same urgency to the climate crisis that they do to the pandemic.

In other developments:

The British pound fell to its lowest level in 35 years against the American dollar, as Wall Street had another disastrous day and the American oil benchmark dropped 24 percent. We have live updates.

The European Central Bank announced a program to buy up to 750 billion euros’ worth of financial assets, and President Trump signed a $1 trillion relief package that would provide sick leave, unemployment benefits and free coronavirus testing.

Countries in southern Europe that cut back on health care spending during the eurozone debt crisis are tragically vulnerable to the pandemic, writes our business correspondent in Frankfurt. But northern countries have their own weaknesses.

The American economy is poised for the worst quarterly contraction ever — more akin to what happened in wartime Europe than during the financial crisis. Our DealBook columnist, Andrew Ross Sorkin, has a not-so-modest proposal for how the U.S. government can cope with the Covid-19 economic crisis.

The border between Canada and the U.S., the world’s longest, will close to all but essential traffic.

Glastonbury, the music festival in Britain, and the Eurovision Song Contest are among the latest events to be canceled.

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