Perceptions in Europe have been gradually changing over Google’s dominance. The company commands about two-thirds of the United States search market, according to comScore, but close to 90 percent in Europe, excluding Russia.

Anger over mass data collection by the American government has only amplified the concerns. Jérémie Zimmerman, a co-founder of the French Internet activist group La Quadrature du Net, said that when people told him now that they worked for Google, he says, “How do you like working for the N.S.A.,” referring to the National Security Agency.

“Many users were lured by the convenience and comfort of the services,” he said, but he added that the revelations by the former N.S.A. contractor Edward J. Snowden revealed that Google was part of a “massive breach of our security, of our data and of our sovereignty.”

Google, for its part, has denied being complicit in the spying and said it was taking steps to make it much more difficult for spy agencies to breach its systems.

On another antitrust front, regulators have begun a preliminary investigation of the company’s Android operating system for cellphones and other mobile devices. They are examining many complaints from competitors like Aptoide, a Portuguese app store provider that says Google’s search results favor the Google Play app store. Other complaints have come from an association of photo libraries and a telecom company, claiming that Google skews search results.

Digital privacy legislation is also advancing in Parliament. The legislation has accumulated more than 4,000 amendments, a record. Among the main proposals are restrictions on how companies like Google use personal data and requirements that they check with European officials before they comply with American subpoenas.

“Google was an interesting start-up at the beginning and a helpful website, but that has dramatically changed,” said Jan Philipp Albrecht, a member of the Green Party who has been the leading legislator shepherding through the legislation. “For politicians in Europe, it’s clear they have to act and regulate the way Google dominates the market.”