It was the straw that broke the camel’s back. After years of corruption and economic mismanagement brought Lebanon to the brink of financial collapse, the government came up with a novel way to repair the damage: a tax on the popular messaging service WhatsApp.

The reaction to the tax was quick and furious. Spontaneous protests erupted late on Thursday, not just in Beirut but across the country. Demonstrators blocked roads, burned tyres and clashed with security forces throughout the night and into the morning.

The government quickly reversed course and abandoned the tax, but it was too late. The protests quickly transformed into an outpouring of rage against corruption, economic crisis and Lebanon’s entire political class.

“Our politicians are killing us,” said Khaled Dokmak, 23, as he marched towards the parliament building in downtown Beirut on Friday. “Everything is overpriced. There is no work, no money, nothing.”

The fires from the previous night in downtown Beirut had still not gone out on Friday morning as new ones were lit. Thousands flocked towards the country’s parliament while the government ordered all banks and schools to close.

Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes Show all 20 1 /20 Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes Protesters, mainly civil activists, started demonstrating in the downtown area of Beirut on 17 October, condemning proposed taxes in the 2020 budget EPA Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes An unexpected addition to impose a daily fee for using WhatsApp calls caused outrage. However, according to the Telecommunications Minister Mohamed Choucair, the charge will not make it through the government palace after the impact it has made on the streets Reuters Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes Protesters take a selfie as they block the Dora highway EPA Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes Protesters clash with riot policemen AP Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes A statue of the Virgin Mary in the background as black smoke rises from burning tires EPA Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes A Lebanese demonstrator stands in front of a tire fire during a protest against dire economic conditions in the Zahrani district in southern Lebanon on October 18, 2019. - Public anger has simmered since parliament passed an austerity budget in July to help trim a ballooning deficit and flared on Thursday over new plans to tax calls on messaging applications such as Whatsapp, forcing the government to axe the unpopular proposal. (Photo by Mahmoud ZAYYAT / AFP) (Photo by MAHMOUD ZAYYAT/AFP via Getty Images) MAHMOUD ZAYYAT AFP/Getty Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes A demonstrator holds a phone as he stands close to a fire during a protest over the deteriorating economic situation in Beirut, Lebanon October 18, 2019. REUTERS/Mohamed Azakir MOHAMED AZAKIR Reuters Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes Demonstrators bring tires to be set on fire during a protest targeting the government over an economic crisis, at Barja area blocking off a main road leading from southern Lebanon to Beirut, October 18, 2019. REUTERS/Ali Hashisho ALI HASHISHO Reuters Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes epa07929850 A protester throws a tire on a fire to block a Metn highway during a protest in north of Beirut, Lebanon, 18 October 2019. Protesters, mainly civil activists, started to demonstrate in downtown Beirut on 17 October, condemning the proposed taxes that would go along with the 2020 budget, especially an unexpected government plan to impose a fee of 0.20 cents a day for using WhatsApp calls. This charge will not make it through the government palace according to the Telecommunications Minister Mohamed Choucair after witnessing the impact this made on the streets. EPA/WAEL HAMZEH WAEL HAMZEH EPA Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes Protesters clash with riot policemen AP Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes Demonstrators sit together during a protest over deteriorating economic situation, in the city of Jounieh, north of Beirut, Lebanon October 18, 2019. REUTERS/Imad Creidi NO RESALES. NO ARCHIVES Stringer . Reuters Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes epaselect epa07928866 A protester gestures by a fire of plastic barriers and trash set by protesters to block a road during a protest in Beirut, 17 October 2019. Thousands of protesters, mainly civil activists, demonstrated in downtown Beirut on 17 October, condemning the proposed taxes that would go along with the 2020 budget, especially an unexpected government plan to impose a fee of 0.20 cents a day for using WhatsApp calls. This charge will not make it through the government palace according to the Telecommunications Minister Mohamed Choucair after witnessing the impact this made on the streets. EPA/WAEL HAMZEH WAEL HAMZEH EPA Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes Protesters in front of the Government Palace in downtown Beirut EPA Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes Demonstrators burn wood and debris AFP/Getty Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes An anti-government protester makes victory sign, as he holds a Lebanese national flag and walks fire of tires that sits to block a road during a protest against government's plans to impose new taxes in Beirut, Lebanon, Friday, Oct. 18, 2019. Demonstrators in Lebanon are blocking major roads across the country in a second day of protests against proposed new taxes, which come amid a severe economic crisis. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar) Hassan Ammar AP Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes A demonstrator lights a torch during a protest over deteriorating economic situation in Beirut, Lebanon October 17, 2019. REUTERS/Mohamed Azakir MOHAMED AZAKIR Reuters Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes Demonstrators take a selfie in front of burning tires during a protest targeting the government over an economic crisis, at Barja area blocking off a main road leading from southern Lebanon to Beirut, October 18, 2019. REUTERS/Ali Hashisho ALI HASHISHO Reuters Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes epa07929616 A protester flashes victory signs in front a fire set by protesters to block a Dora highway during a protest in north of Beirut, Lebanon, 18 October 2019. Protesters, mainly civil activists, started to demonstrate in downtown Beirut on 17 October, condemning the proposed taxes that would go along with the 2020 budget, especially an unexpected government plan to impose a fee of 0.20 cents a day for using WhatsApp calls. This charge will not make it through the government palace according to the Telecommunications Minister Mohamed Choucair after witnessing the impact this made on the streets. EPA/WAEL HAMZEH WAEL HAMZEH EPA Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes Lebanese protesters wave placards during a protest against dire economic conditions in Zouk Mikael, north of the Lebanese capital Beirut on October 18, 2019. - Public anger has simmered since parliament passed an austerity budget in July to help trim a ballooning deficit and flared on Thursday over new plans to tax calls on messaging applications such as Whatsapp, forcing the government to axe the unpopular proposal. (Photo by JOSEPH EID / AFP) (Photo by JOSEPH EID/AFP via Getty Images) JOSEPH EID AFP/ Getty Lebanon protests erupt after government plan to impose new taxes epa07929908 A protester runs by burning tires that were set fire to block a Metn highway during a protest in north of Beirut, Lebanon, 18 October 2019. Protesters, mainly civil activists, started to demonstrate in downtown Beirut on 17 October, condemning the proposed taxes that would go along with the 2020 budget, especially an unexpected government plan to impose a fee of 0.20 cents a day for using WhatsApp calls. This charge will not make it through the government palace according to the Telecommunications Minister Mohamed Choucair after witnessing the impact this made on the streets. EPA/WAEL HAMZEH WAEL HAMZEH EPA

The protests are the largest to hit Lebanon since 2015, when thousands mobilised in anger over a months-long garbage crisis that saw trash pile up in the streets. There are signs that the impact of the latest demonstrations could be even more significant.

Similar protest movements have been stymied in the past by Lebanon’s deeply entrenched sectarian political system, which has been in place since the end of the 1975-1990 civil war. But Hanin Matta, a 30-year-old translator joining the demonstration, said this time felt different.

“None of the protesters are working against each other this time. We are all here together,” she said as she applied clown make-up to her face outside of parliament.

“We’re here to say that the people have the power. We’re sick of the system. They are all criminals,” she added.

Adding to the build-up of anger over the last few days, Lebanon had just witnessed some of its worst wildfires in decades, which were exacerbated by the fact that three of its firefighting helicopters were out of service due to missing parts.

The demonstrations spread throughout the night to towns and cities across Lebanon. In a rare display of cross-sectarian unity, protesters have targeted their own leaders as well as the Lebanese government.

Hanin Matta, a 30-year-old translator who joined anti-government protests in Beirut on Friday (Richard Hall/The Independent ) (Richard Hall / The Independent)

The WhatsApp tax may have been the spark, but protesters are furious at a system that has enriched the country’s political class and left normal people struggling to get by.

Corruption, periodical political deadlock and a years-long refugee crisis have left Lebanon’s economy battered. As part of its effort to balance the books, the government announced a plan this week to introduce a 0.22 cent tax on all calls made through WhatsApp and other voice messaging services, with a monthly cap of $6.

WhatsApp is wildly popular in Lebanon. A Pew Research poll from 2018 found that 84 per cent of adults in the country use the platform, including 98 per cent of adults under 30.

As one protester succinctly put it in a television interview that quickly went viral: “Soon, they’ll put a metre on our asses so they can tax our shit too!”

The levy was part of a package of austerity measures being discussed by the government as it works to prevent economic collapse and bring down one of the highest debt-to-GDP ratios in the world.

The crisis has had a dramatic impact on the lives of Lebanese people. In recent weeks, fears of a US dollar shortage has sparked panic for businesses across the country, especially those that use dollars to buy their product. Petrol stations have closed down in protest at the rising exchange rate, and bakeries have warned they will not survive.

At the end of the civil war, all the political and military leadership just moved from the streets to government Maha Yahya, director of the Carnegie Middle East Centre

Lebanon’s parliament passed an austerity budget in June aimed at unlocking billions of dollars in international aid promised to it on the condition of structural reforms. These efforts have driven real anger among all Lebanese citizens, who see the country’s political leaders as the architects of the crisis.

“Rather than looking at ways to address corruption and leakages within the state budget to balance the books, politicians are taking the easy way out by taxing an already exhausted population,” said Maha Yahya, director of the Carnegie Middle East Centre in Beirut.

Yahya added that the crisis has its roots in Lebanon’s postwar political settlement, which has entrenched corruption and mismanagement.

“It’s the entire post-civil war legacy, of how Lebanon has been managed both economically and politically. At the end of the civil war, all the political and military leadership just moved from the streets to government.

“Rather than build up a state, many of them looked at state institutions as war bounty.”

Where the protests go from here remains to be seen. But large numbers continued to pour onto the streets into Friday afternoon. Yara, a student from Tripoli, said she stayed in Beirut for the protests rather than going home.

“There is no work, no electricity, sometimes no bread,” she said. Like many young people, she and her friends have considered leaving the country because they fear they will not be able to find jobs. Like everyone else, she blamed the politicians.