More than 300 varieties of peaches (Prunus persica) grow and flourish in the United States, and over 2,000 varieties globally, although the fruit is native to China. Peaches are classified in three groups: freestone, clingstone and semi-freestone. The classifications refer to the way the fruit's flesh clings to the pit. Popular varieties grown in U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 8 through 10 include Santa Rosa, Red Beauty, Red Top, Elegant Lady and O’Henry.

Clingstone

The clingstone class of peaches are so named because the fruit flesh clings securely to the pit. Clingstone varietals ripen between May and August, and have yellow flesh that turns mild red to bright red close the pit. Clingstones have a soft texture, high sugar content and a juiciness that makes them ideal to eat as a snack and to incorporate in desserts such as Peach Melba. Varieties of clingstone peaches include Santa Rosa and Red Beauty.

Freestone

The freestone classification refers to peaches with flesh that removes easily from the pit. Like clingstone varietals, freestones are good to eat fresh as a snack. However, their firm texture, relatively low level of juiciness and mild sugar content make them ideal for baking purposes; they do not mask other flavors and maintain much of their firmness when exposed to heat. You can harvest freestone varietals between late May and October. Freestone varieties include O’Henry, Elegant Lady and Red Top.

Semi-Freestone

Semi-freestone peaches are a cross-hybrid of clingstone and freestone varietals. Semi-freestones combine two of the most prized qualities of clingstones and freestones -- a relatively high sugar content and juiciness along with flesh that doesn’t cling to the pit.

Freestone Varietals

O’Henry peaches, a late-summer variety, are widely regarded for their firm yellow flesh and thin, evocative red skin. They also have a sweetness balanced with an acidity that contributes to their aroma. Culinary uses for the O’Henry include mixed drinks, out-of-hand eating, sorbets and preserves. Red Top peaches, also a late-summer variety, are known for their fragrant leaves, pink flowers and mildly sweet -- yet mildly tart -- flavor. Their tannic acid content causes the tartness. Elegant Lady peaches are prized for their fragrance, firmness and mild acidity. People use the the Elegant Lady peach for canning, snacking and baking.

Clingstone Varietals