As promised last time, today I will cover basic calculations of data accumulated from real data. Please take note that all of the following is for the simple case of one group of data. For two or more distinct groups of data, the calculations will be similar, but slightly more specific due to the nature of 2+ distinct groups of data. I will cover that in a later post, which will be labeled as ANOVA. As a side note, I'm a baseball fan, so I'm going to provide examples from the MLB.



This information has the labels for the data of a sample, not the population. The population is the set of all possible people or objects which falls under the category under study. If we were studying the 2017 ERA's of pitchers, the population would be all MLB pitchers who have pitched in 2017. The sample is the subset of the population which we are getting the data points from. If we want to look at the 8 teams who have made it to the Division Series, then the sample is the pitchers fr…