Just yesterday, CoinDesk reported eBay had filed two cryptocurrency-related patents with the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) – the agency responsible for issuing patents and registering product and intellectual property trademarks.

In so doing, the online giant joined a slew of crypto and non-crypto companies which have also filed applications in an attempt to protect their products.

Often a topic of contention in the largely open-source bitcoin community, CoinDesk has rounded up some of the most high profile patent submissions revealed to date.

1. 21 Inc

The best-funded company in the space filed two patent applications with the USPTO, one of which was for a digital currency mining circuitry. The patents were published by the agency on 15th October.

Submitted in April last year,the patents listed the inventors as Matthew Pauker, co-founder and chairman at 21 Inc; Nigel Drego, co-founder and chief architect; Veerbhan Kheterpal, president and co-founder; and Daniel Fir, co-founder.

“The present invention relates to mining of digital currencies such as cryptocurrencies,” reads the filing, which goes on to state: “Mining circuitry and mining operations described herein may be used for any digital medium of exchange such as digital currencies, credits, rewards, or points.”

2. Coinbase

Just last month, CoinDesk reported that San Francisco-based firm Coinbase had filed nine bitcoin patent applications with the USPTO.

Submitted in 17th March 2015, the filings included patent applications for various bitcoin products including a hot wallet, an instant exchange (launched in June), a bitcoin exchange and a bitcoin tipping button.

Coinbase’s CEO Brian Armstrong took to Reddit to defend the company’s decision to file for patent protection.

Speaking to CoinDesk at the time, he said:

“While it would be irresponsible for Coinbase not to apply for patents (we need to protect ourselves from larger companies engaging in patent warfare), we can certainly commit to not using patents offensively against smaller companies.”

3. Bank of America

Bank of America’s patent application for a wire transfer system that would leverage cryptocurrency technology also made headlines last month.

Filed on 17th March by the US financial services giant, the filing sets out to garner protection for a system by which electronic funds could be transferred between customer accounts using blockchain technology as the payment rail.

Commenting on the purpose of the invention, its authors Thomas Edward Durbin and James Gregory Ronca wrote:

“Enterprises handle a large number of foreign wire transfer requests on a daily basis. As technology advances, foreign transactions have become more common. For some customers, it may be desirable to conduct a foreign wire transfer in less time than what current foreign wire transfer systems allow.”

4. BitGo

A patent application filed by BitGo caused concern among crypto enthusiasts and prominent industry figures, prompting bitcoin multisig wallet provider to address the issue on its blog:

“Today we’re excited to announce BitGo’s decision to internally adopt the Innovators Patent Agreement (IPA), a framework for patent assignment that allows engineers, designers, and other employees to retain control of patents stemming from their inventions. BitGo has no issued patents as of today, but intends to use the agreement if and when any patent may be issued.”

The IPA – pioneered by Twitter in 2012 – BitGo added, stipulates that patents must be used for defensive purposes only, “meaning that patents awarded to employees cannot be used in offensive litigation without permission from the investors themselves”.

5. MasterCard

Last year, global financial services giant MasterCard filed a patent to be able to incorporate bitcoin into the design of a proposed online shopping cart which would be rolled out on a global scale.

Speaking to CoinDesk at the time, a MasterCard representative said: “Every day, we look for ways to bring additional convenience to consumers when they shop. This application is just one example of that – exploring how to create flexibility in how a consumer would fund a shopping cart purchase.”

The patent, MasterCard added, should not be perceived as support for bitcoin:

“The application was filed to protect our intellectual property and does not indicate a commitment to one idea or concept.”

6. Amazon

E-commerce giant Amazon was awarded a bitcoin-related cloud computing patent which outlined the use of digital currencies as payment for cloud computing services on Amazon Web Services (AWS) – the company’s cloud-computing platform that, according to the company’s CEO Jeff Bezos, is a $5bn business and growing fast.

As reported by CoinDesk at the time, Amazon’s patent award came after the company publicly stated it was not interested in accepting digital currencies, despite its perceived competitor eBay hinting at integrating bitcoin payments.

7. Western Union

Colorado-based remittance giant Western Union’s patent award in April 2014, was subsequently followed by reports that suggested the company would have a claim to the exchange of alternative currencies.

Although it fails to mention bitcoin, the filing reads:

“Alternative currencies are an emerging trend. Some alternative currencies have been created in response to a lack of long-term confidence in monetary methods of exchange; some as a community hedge against inflation; others merely as a medium of exchange between members of a physical or virtual community, among other reasons.”

8. IBM

IBM filed a patent application to track the value of digital currencies in 2012.

Made public in 2013, IBM’s application states:

“The ability to validate and authenticate digital tokens across the lifetime of any particular token will bolster trust and viability, allowing e-currencies to operate across disparate economic systems, fostering easier participating alongside sovereign currencies and non-standard currencies.”

Paper filings image via Shutterstock.