President of WebFX. Bill has over 25 years of experience in the Internet marketing industry specializing in SEO, UX, information architecture, marketing automation and more. William's background in scientific computing and education from Shippensburg and MIT provided the foundation for MarketingCloudFX and other key research and development projects at WebFX.

A lot of the requirements of great HTML emails fly right in the face of what makes great website designs. Until you understand the nuances of HTML email design, it can be a frustrating and fruitless experience. But once you understand and accept that HTML email is a fickle, inconsistent, and bug-prone medium, it’s possible to use it to great effect in marketing both for yourself and your clients.

Below is a gathering of some tried-and-true wisdom from the world of HTML email design that should make diving in just a bit easier. Throughout, interspersed in the narrative, we’ve also included examples of fantastic HTML email designs to give you a taste of what others are doing.

Getting Into the HTML Email Mindset

Before you get started, make sure you give up on the notion of pixel-perfect HTML email design. Get used to the idea that your best bet is controlling how your code breaks, rather than trying to prevent it from breaking at all.

With the variety of ways people check their emails and the number of email clients — desktop clients include Outlook, Mac OS X Mail and Thunderbird and web-based email apps include Gmail, Yahoo! Mail, and Microsoft Exchange Online — it’s nearly impossible to guarantee that your design will look the same.

Behance holiday HTML email.

It’s a Fact: Your HTML Email Design Will Break

Your beautiful HTML email design will break. There’s no getting around it. Someone on that list of 10,000 newsletter recipients will be using some email client that’s so obscure or so old that there’s no way you could have prepared for it. And even the popular apps (Gmail, Outlook, Thunderbird, Mail, etc.) have no real consistency when it comes to how they render HTML.

So you’ll have to get over the idea of trying to get your HTML email to look identical and perfect to everyone who sees it. It’s not going to happen. The best you can do is anticipate how each of the major clients will break your design, and then try to control how it breaks, so that it’s still readable by most of your recipients.

CSS Awards HTML email.

Use HTML Tables for Email Layouts

Designing HTML emails goes against many of the accepted best practices of good web design. For example, although web designers have long given up using tables for web layouts, HTML emails need to be done with HTML tables rather than CSS and div-based layouts. This is because it’s unpredictable to determine how CSS will be treated on various email clients, and div-based layouts (the modern best practice for web page layouts) rely on CSS for positioning and alignment.

Using Photoshop for HTML Table Layouts

If you’ve forgotten how to work with HTML tables for layouts — or if you’re a younger web designer who has never had to work with HTML tables, use the help of Photoshop to get you started. In Photoshop, you can use the Slice Tool.

First, use the Slice Tool to chop your HTML email layout into several components.

Next, go to File > Save for Web & Devices. Choose your file format (JPG or GIF are more widely supported than PNG), and then press Save.

You’ll see a dialog window with some saving options towards the bottom. Under Save as type, choose HTML and Images.

This works fine for laying out the graphical elements of your design, but you’ll want to make sure your text is HTML, not images, so replace them in the markup as necessary.

Additionally, you want to clean up the HTML output because it might add unnecessary HTML junk. An automated tool is not a good replacement for hand-crafted code, but it can at least get you started.

Layout Margins and Padding

One other important thing to remember is that not all email clients treat margins and padding the same. You’re much better off nesting table cells rather than using CSS margin or padding for any vital placement.

BuySellAds HTML email.

Images Need Special Handling

There are a few considerations to deal with when it comes to images.

Image Format

First of all, you’ll likely want to stick to either JPGs or GIFs for your HTML email template because not all email clients support PNGs. Make sure that you specify your image height and width attributes — which is good practice anyways — to prevent any issues in rendering.

Use Alt Attributes

You should always give your images alt attributes; it’s absolutely vital in HTML emails. By default, many email clients do not display images when an email is first opened. Instead, they ask users to actively choose to display images. The repercussion of this extra step is that a lot of users simply won’t bother displaying images. Without alt attributes for your images, the email recipient may lose out on some content.

Below is what an HTML email looks like in Gmail by default. Notice that images in the email have alt attributes that describes the images it’s trying to display.

Avoid CSS Background Images

Background images can also be tricky. For example, Gmail is very particular about how it handles CSS background images (or background colors, depending on how they’re specified in the markup), so make sure you test thoroughly before sending to your list. Outlook 2007 won’t display background images at all without a minor hack.

Kate Spade HTML email.

Important Information Should Not Be Images

As a basic rule of thumb, images should be used for graphical elements, and text should be used for text elements. This is good practice whether you’re designing a web page or an HTML email.

Because images often aren’t shown when an email initially opens, it makes sense for critical information to be in plain HTML text rather than images to guarantee they’re accessible.

Broadsheet Melbourne HTML email.

HTML Email Layouts Are Narrower

The conventional standard width for HTML emails is around 600px. It can be a big change to go from designing for 960px+ web page layouts back to 600px. You’re effectively losing more than a third or more of the screen real estate you’re accustomed to. This is why it’s important to simplify your designs. One column is ideal, though you can get away with two if you’re careful about proportion and layout. Three or more will be a challenge.

It’s okay to go a little bit wider or narrower than 600px, but you’ll want to use 600px as your baseline. Much wider, and you’re almost certainly going to require a large chunk of your recipients to scroll horizontally. And if you go much narrower, you’re not making good use of the space available.

Corbis HTML email.

Keep HTML Emails as Simple as Possible

Simple, minimalist designs often work best. There are a few reasons for this, chief among them being that minimalist designs often have less code and image assets to break.

Focus on creating simple, clean designs that are professional and make great use of a minimal number of images. Look at ways you can simplify your code and your overall layout.

Don’t make the mistake of thinking that a single image with all of the content for your email will solve all of your coding problems. Single-image emails with little to no other content are popular targets for blacklists. So while it seems like a good idea on the surface, it could result in your emails being diverted to junk mail filters or not delivered at all.

IKEA HTML email.

Use CSS with Care

Using CSS in your HTML emails is tricky. We’ve already discussed how it won’t work for layouts, but there are other things to keep in mind when writing CSS for email rather than the web.

Use Inline CSS

First of all, your CSS properties need to be inline rather than declared in your <head> or on a separate style sheet. This is another bad web design practice we must use in HTML emails.

Don’t Use Shorthand CSS

Second, avoid using CSS shorthand because, as you might have guessed, there is varying support for this between email clients and web apps. Some email clients, for example, won’t support 3-character hex codes for color (e.g. use #FFFFFF for white, not #FFF ).

Specify each font property. For example, declare font-family , font-size , font-style separately, rather than in one font declaration.

Old Navy HTML email.

Other Common Issues

There are so many possible issues with coding HTML emails that it would be nearly impossible to discuss them all. This is why testing your emails is absolutely vital. Here are a couple of other things to watch out for.

Text Resizing

Automatic text resizing can cause all sorts of issues, especially in table-based layouts. Doubling up on size declarations can help avoid this issue (the idea being that if an email client ignores a set of properties, it will adhere to the another set).

Link Colors

Link color is another area where email clients can have a tendency to revert to the default blue. So either design your emails so that the default link color is okay, or add an extra span inside your link tags and define the color in both the parent and child element, as shown below:

<a href="link" style="color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000">link</span></a>

Bluebell HTML email.

Using HTML Email Templates

One of the easiest ways to get started with HTML email design is to adapt existing HTML email templates. Because of email delivery issues, HTML emails are, almost by definition, a bit more standardized than websites. You’re working within more constraints and inconsistencies, so building on the tried and tested work of others can be beneficial at the start of your journey.

Simply studying the templates created by professional HTML email designers can help you craft better and less error-prone HTML emails. Then, once you’re more familiar with the process of email design and the inconsistencies you have to deal with, you’ll have a much easier time designing from scratch.

CampaignMonitor’s Free HTML Email Templates

CampaignMonitor has one of the best HTML email template galleries out there. Being one of the leading email marketing web apps out there, they also happen to be highly regarded experts when it comes to HTML email design and have contributed vast amounts of information about the craft (they’ve even written a book about it).

In their HTML email template gallery, they’ve enlisted some of the top web designers out there — including Elliot Jay Stocks, Meagan Fisher, MetaLab and Simon Collison — to design more than 100 high-quality HTML email templates that are beautiful, functional, and mostly free from glitches and inconsistencies (as much as any email template can be).

They’re definitely the best place to start if you want to adapt a template, or just to learn HTML email design best practices by studying pre-built templates.

Here are just a few HTML email templates they have to offer:

Design by 45royale.

Design by 45royale.

Design by Elliot Jay Stocks.

Design by Meagan Fisher.

Design by Meagan Fisher.

Design by MetaLab.

Design by Mike Kus.

Design by Mike Kus.

Design by Newism.

Design by Simon Collison.

Design by Veerle Pieters.

MailChimp also has a number of free email layout templates you can download. They’re just basic layout designs that you fill in with your own graphical and text elements. They’re a great place to start if you’re more interested in designing from scratch.

Some HTML Email Design Resources

Below, you’ll find a few excellent online resources for HTML email design.

This is a wonderful gallery of HTML email designs from some leading companies.

This is another gallery of HTML emails. They have emails from a huge number of top companies.

This is another wonderful HTML email gallery that showcases a lot of really great HTML emails from companies around the world.

This article on 24 Ways covers the more technical aspects of HTML email design.

This guide on SitePoint offers a pretty thorough, step-by-step method for crafting HTML emails.

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