With many ways to help the tens of thousands of people estimated to be temporarily displaced by surging floodwaters brought by Hurricane Harvey, some are asking people to donate - but to be choosy about where they spend the money.

As former President Barack Obama - as well as celebrities and local leaders - encourage donations to the American Red Cross, others on social media are telling donors to give elsewhere, criticising the leading disaster-relief organisation for its response to recent natural disasters, particularly the 2010 earthquake in Haiti.

That sentiment has been shared in the past - following investigations by NPR and ProPublica, which revealed how the Red Cross bungled its response in Haiti.

“It's heartbreaking because I know how seriously the Red Cross takes its responsibility,” Red Cross spokeswoman Bristel Minsker told The Washington Post about the continued backlash.

Minsker said on Monday that when people donate to the Red Cross, the humanitarian organisation “absolutely honours the intent of their donations” and makes sure the donations are spent wisely to provide people in need with safe shelter, hot meals and health care.

But not everyone agrees with that.

People were urging donors Monday to seek out churches and local organisations, saying, “Please don't donate money to the Red Cross! Houston will never see it.”

“For the umpteenth time,” one person wrote, “don't give red cross your money. Find grassroots efforts so people can actually get helped.”

“They don't help and pocket majority of your money,” another said. “Very little if any goes to those that need it.”

“Any recs for where to donate to Harvey relief?” another person asked. “Red Cross is out but I don't know which local charities are on the ground & doing good work.”

Over the weekend, Dan Gillmor, author and professor at Arizona State University's Walter Cronkite School of Journalism, also advised people on Twitter not to give money to the organisation.

The Red Cross said on Sunday that it had set up 34 shelters in Texas, where the hurricane hit the Texas coast on Friday, sending wind, rain and roaring floodwaters across parts of the state.

Minsker, the Red Cross spokeswoman in Austin, said some 6,000 people stayed in shelters on Sunday night and that the organisation is prepared to house up to 30,000 estimated to be displaced by the storm because “many people aren't going to have a home to go back to when the floodwaters subside.”

Asked how much money the Red Cross had raised so far for Harvey relief efforts, she said those figures are not yet available.

“The size of this disaster is so huge, we've been focused on providing immediate needs to people, especially shelters,” she said.

Brad Kieserman, who is coordinating disaster relief efforts in Texas for the Red Cross, said the destruction is “overwhelming.”

“The situation feels, I think, as well managed as any situation like this could be,” he told NPR on Monday. “I mean, the very definition of catastrophe is when the very capability and capacity you need to respond has been destroyed or deeply affected by the thing you're responding to, and that's what's happened here. Everyone who is involved in this response is coordinating and cooperating, but it is overwhelming.”

Kieserman said Harvey has turned Southeast Texas into “an inland lake the size of Lake Michigan,” and the greatest challenge right now is that workers can't get around because of the floodwaters.

“This is, in my career, the most catastrophic event I have seen,” he said. “The hurricane came in. It brought all of these winds and storm surge and rain and now we're going to deal with 50 inches of flooding, basically turning the entire southeast portion of the state into an inland lake. We're going to deal with rivers out of their banks for weeks, massive destruction, structural damage to homes, and I think we're going to have an incredible long-term housing challenge.”

As The Washington Post's Peter Holley reported last year, a 2015 NPR and ProPublica investigation revealed that the Red Cross had only built six permanent homes in Haiti even though it had collected almost a half-billion dollars in donations. The year before, the news organisations published a report about Red Cross's response to hurricanes Isaac and Sandy.

They reported:

“After both storms, the charity's problems left some victims in dire circumstances or vulnerable to harm, the organisation's internal assessments acknowledge. Handicapped victims 'slept in their wheelchairs for days' because the charity had not secured proper cots. In one shelter, sex offenders were 'all over including playing in children's area' because Red Cross staff 'didn't know/follow procedures.'

“According to interviews and documents, the Red Cross lacked basic supplies like food, blankets and batteries to distribute to victims in the days just after the storms. Sometimes, even when supplies were plentiful, they went to waste. In one case, the Red Cross had to throw out tens of thousands of meals because it couldn't find the people who needed them.

“The Red Cross marshalled an army of volunteers, but many were misdirected by the charity's managers. Some were ordered to stay in Tampa long after it became clear that Isaac would bypass the city. After Sandy, volunteers wandered the streets of New York in search of stricken neighbourhoods, lost because they had not been given GPS equipment to guide them.”

The scepticism was shared again in 2016 as Hurricane Matthew hurled toward Haiti.

American Red Cross President and chief executive Gail McGovern responded in a blog post on HuffPost at the time, acknowledging the “persistent myths circulating online” about the Red Cross response in Haiti.

“The most persistent myth is that the American Red Cross 'raised half a billion dollars for Haiti and built six homes.' This was the misleading headline of a story written by ProPublica and NPR in 2015,” she wrote.

The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey Show all 19 1 /19 The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey A tattered U.S. flag damaged in Hurricane Harvey, flies in Conroe, Texas Reuters The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey Lisa Rehr holds her four-year old son Maximus, after they lost their home to Hurricane Harvey, as they await to be evacuated with their belongings from Rockport, Texas Reuters The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey People line up for food as others rest at the George R. Brown Convention Center AP Photo/LM Otero The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey Volunteers with The American Red Cross register evacuees at the George R. Brown Convention Center Reuters/Nick Oxford The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey Soldiers with the Texas Army National Guard help the residents of Cyprus Creek Reuters The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey Residents wade through floodwater Reuters/Nick Oxford The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey Residents walk along the flooded roadway of Texas 249 as they evacuate their adjacent neighborhoods EPA The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey A man floats past a truck submerged on a freeway flooded by Tropical Storm Harvey on Sunday AP The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey People are rescued by airboat as they evacuate from flood waters from Hurricane Harvey in Dickinson, Texas Reuters The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey James Archiable carries his bike through the flooded intersection at Taylor and Usenet near downtown Houston, Texas EPA The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey A massive sinkhole opened up on a motorway in Rosenburg, a city 25 miles southwest of Houston, Texas Rosenberg Police The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey People are rescued from flood waters from Hurricane Harvey in an armored police mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle in Dickinson, Texas Reuters The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey People are rescued from flood waters from Hurricane Harvey on a boat in Dickinson, Texas Reuters The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey Evacuees are airlifted in a US Coast Guard helicopter after flooding due to Hurricane Harvey inundated neighborhoods in Houston, Texas Reuters The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey Evacuees leave a US Coast Guard helicopter after being rescued from flooding due to Hurricane Harvey in Houston, Texas Reuters The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey Residents look on at a submerged motorway during a break in the rain in Houston, Texas EPA The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey People photograph the submerged motorway interchange EPA The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey Debris lies on the ground after a building was destroyed by Hurricane Harvey in Aransas Pass, Texas AP The aftermath of Hurricane Harvey Dominic Dominguez searches for his boat in a boat storage facility that was heavily damaged by Hurricane Harvey near Rockport, Texas EPA

“It creates the false impression that the only thing the American Red Cross did with $488m in donor money was to build six homes - when, in fact, we have funded 100 different humanitarian aid projects in Haiti,” she continued, adding: “It would be a shame if myths circulated online by people who want to help Haiti, actually end up hurting relief efforts.”

On Monday, Minsker, with the Red Cross, further criticised the claims, arguing that all of the donations had either been spent or were committed to be spent there.