One of the most-esteemed museums in Latin America — Brazil's Museu Nacional, which was founded in 1818 and had around 20 million artifacts — went up in flames Sunday evening, destroying many of the nation's most prized cultural and historical artifacts.

Why it matters: Most of the museum's prized collection is assumed to be lost. "Very little will be left," preservation director Joao Carlos Nara told Agencia Brasil, per CNN. The collection included one of the Americas' oldest human fossils — the skull and bones of a 25-year-old "Luzia" who died around 11,500 years ago, according to National Geographic.

It also held the largest meteorite ever found in Brazil, bones of Brazilian dinosaurs as well as Latin America's oldest collection of ancient Egyptian mummies and artifacts.

ever found in Brazil, bones of Brazilian dinosaurs as well as Latin America's oldest collection of ancient Egyptian mummies and artifacts. The museum housed one of the best collections of indigenous literature, Guardian journalist Jonathan Watts wrote on Twitter. Urutau Guajajara, a leader and researcher of indigenous right, told Watts, “This is the greatest loss of indigenous writing in Latin America... Our memory has been erased."

Guardian journalist Jonathan Watts wrote on Twitter. Urutau Guajajara, a leader and researcher of indigenous right, told Watts, “This is the greatest loss of indigenous writing in Latin America... Our memory has been erased." There were also pre-Colombian, Incan treasures , according to the museum's website, and extensive collections of ancient Greek and Roman artifacts.

, according to the museum's website, and extensive collections of ancient Greek and Roman artifacts. Some items were brought to Brazil by the country's founder and first ruler Dom Pedro I, according to the Guardian.

by the country's founder and first ruler Dom Pedro I, according to the Guardian. The building itself was once a royal palace.

What has survived: Fish and reptile specimens, herbarium and library which were in a different building, according to NatGeo, as well as part of the mollusk specimen collection, according to a biologist at Brazil's Federal University of Rio Grande on Twitter.

The museum's vice director blamed the fire on lack of funding from the federal government, per Reuters. The lack of funding may have resulted in inadequate fire warning systems.

from the federal government, per Reuters. The lack of funding may have resulted in inadequate fire warning systems. " We never got anything from the federal government ... We recently finalized an agreement with BNDES [a state-run development bank] for a massive investment, so that we could finally restore the palace and, ironically, we had planned on a new fire prevention system," he said.

... We recently finalized an agreement with BNDES [a state-run development bank] for a massive investment, so that we could finally restore the palace and, ironically, we had planned on a new fire prevention system," he said. The initial cause of the fire is still unknown.

There will be absolutely nothing left of the National Museum. The country's 200-year history has been burned.

— Luiz Fernando Dias Duarte

The president of Brazil, Michel Temer, tweeted, “Two hundred years of work research and knowledge were lost... it's a sad day for all Brazilians.”