(A) Eleven point mutations were identified in PF, all at low-heteroplasmy levels. The average number of cells in PF was approximately 1 million.

(B) A total of 34 mutations were discovered in ten individual CF, with 6 at over 80% heteroplasmy.

(C) Distribution of low (<15%) and high (>15%) heteroplasmic mutations in individual CF.

(D) In a panel of ten individual fibroblast iPSC lines, 28 mutations were discovered, including seven variants at over 90% heteroplasmy. Gray rectangles indicate the four mtDNA mutation sites common for PF and FiPSC lines.

(E) Distribution of mutations in individual FiPSC lines.

(F) Significant increase in the number of mutations in per cell in fibroblast or iPSC clones, compared to the pooled population (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA). The number of mutations in PF was calculated based on sampled 1 million cells, while CF and iPSC clones were each counted as a single cell. Error bars indicate mean ± SD.

(G) Venn diagram showing that only a small number of mtDNA mutations in FiPSCs or CF are shared with parental tissue, while the remaining variants represent novel mutations.