1814 Mar. 27

Battle of Tohopeka (Horsehoe Bend). Jackson's volunteers are joined by Creek and Cherokee allies. The great loss of life among the Red Sticks leads to the surrender of Red Eagle and the Creek rebellion is defeated. 23 million acres of Indian-occupied lands will be ceded to the U.S., including lands of former allies as well as enemies, and subsequently opened to American land speculators and farmers.