Cancer survival rates could be greatly improved if scientists are successful in developing microscopic medical weapons that obliterate cancerous cells.

Nanomachines may be tiny – 50,000 of them would fit across the diameter of a human hair – but they have the potential to pack a mighty punch in the fight against cancer.

Researchers at Durham University in the UK have used nanobots to drill into cancer cells, killing them in just 60 seconds.

They are now experimenting on micro-organisms and small fish, before moving on to rodents. Clinical trials in humans are expected to follow and it is hoped that the results may have the potential to save millions of lives.

The number of cancer cases is predicted to rise by 2035 Image: World Health Organization (WHO) GloboCan, BBC

The mechanics of nanobots

These minute molecules have components that enable them to identify and attach themselves to a cancer cell.

When activated by light, the nanobots’ rota-like chain of atoms begin to spin at an incredible rate – around two to three million times per second. This causes the nanobot to drill into the cancer cell, blasting it open.

The study is still in its early stages, but researchers are optimistic it has the potential to lead to new types of cancer treatment.

Dr Robert Pal, of Durham University, said: “Once developed, this approach could provide a potential step change in noninvasive cancer treatment and greatly improve survival rates and patient welfare globally.”

The spinning nanobots burrow into cancer cells to destroy them Image: Tour Group/Rice University

Nanobots in our veins

The destructive properties of the nanobots make them perfect for killing cancer cells. But the technology can also be used to repair damaged or diseased tissues at a molecular level.

In the future, these nanomachines could essentially patrol the circulatory system of the human body. They could be used to detect specific chemicals or toxins and give early warnings of organ failure or tissue rejection.

Another potential function may involve taking biometric measurements to monitor a person’s general health.

A computer-generated image of a nanobot Image: Tour Group/Rice University

Searching for oil

The medicinal advantages of nanobots are clear to see, but industry might also benefit from the technology.

Oil and gas is one example. The idea is that nanobots could be injected into geologic formations thousands of feet into the earth. Changes to the chemical make-up of the machines would point to the location of reservoirs.

Meanwhile, it’s also been suggested that nanotechnology could become a valuable tool in cleaning up oil spills.