A Dutch appeals court has reinstated an international arbitration panel’s ruling that Russia must pay $50 billion in compensation to shareholders in the former Russian oil giant Yukos -- a ruling which Moscow said it will appeal.



The February 18 decision overturned a 2016 ruling by a Hague district court that canceled the compensation order on the grounds that the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) did not have jurisdiction because the case was based on an energy treaty that Russia had signed but not ratified.

Russia's Justice Ministry said immediately after the February 18 ruling that it will appeal the Dutch court's decision.

The Hague Court of Appeal ruled that the 2016 decision quashing the arbitration decision “was not correct. That means that the arbitration order is in force again.”



The PCA had ruled that Moscow seized control of Yukos in 2003 by saddling the company with massive tax claims.



The state launched “a full assault on Yukos and its beneficial owners in order to bankrupt Yukos and appropriate its assets while, at the same time, removing Mr. Khodorkovsky from the political arena,” the arbitrators said at the time.



The Russian government's move was seen at the time as an attempt to silence Yukos founder and CEO Mikhail Khodorkovsky, a vocal opponent of President Vladimir Putin.



The Yukos shareholders called The Hague court’s decision “fundamentally flawed” and filed an appeal.



Khodorkovsky was arrested at gunpoint in 2003 as he boarded a plane in Siberia and convicted of financial crimes. He spent a decade in prison before being pardoned by Putin and flown out of Russia.



Khodorkovsky and his supporters said the charges against him were engineered by the Kremlin to punish him for challenging Putin.



His majority-owned company subsequently was dismantled and absorbed by state-owned Rosneft in 2004 -- then a tiny company.



The arbitration court based its ruling on the Energy Charter Treaty, but the Dutch court that overturned the 2014 ruling stated that as a signatory Russia had never ratified the charter, thus the PCA’s decisions were “contrary to Russian law.”



The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has ruled that Khodorkovsky and his business partner, Platon Lebedev, who spent more than 10 years in prison, were denied their right to a fair trial in the case of their conviction for embezzlement and money laundering.



The Strasbourg-based court said on January 14 that it did not find any political motives in the criminal prosecution of Lebedev or Khodorkovsky, still one of Putin's main opponents, and that no compensation would be awarded.

With reporting by Reuters, AP, and AFP