“Oh, Chip? I just learned that that was him doing all this,” said Representative Haley Stevens, a Democratic freshman from Michigan.

“It doesn’t bother me,” said Representative Trey Hollingsworth, Republican of Indiana, as he pored over color-coded charts that reminded him how he should vote on each amendment. “Whatever the process is, as determined by the speaker, and I guess, Chip Roy, I’m happy to follow said process.”

Mr. Roy, for his part, seemed unperturbed by the collective wrath over the votes. In an interview, he reveled in the late-night chaos and the delay.

“For me, use the tools at your disposal,” said Mr. Roy, who spent his 15th wedding anniversary engaging in bouts of procedural warfare. While the right flank of his party lauded his efforts, he said objections came primarily from “old-guard types who didn’t and never would love a strategy that causes swamp pain.”

“I’m not interested in playing every angle in this town for politics as much as I am trying to do my damn job,” he said, rebuffing accusations of grandstanding.

Mr. Roy first experienced the procedural maneuvering as a Senate chief of staff in 2013, when Senator Ted Cruz, Republican of Texas, vigorously denounced congressional proceedings over health care that lasted over 21 hours and helped force a partial government shutdown that lasted 16 days. (Mr. Cruz, asked about Mr. Roy’s tactics this week, noted that Mr. Roy “understands the many levers that a member can utilize.”)

But it is unclear what tangible effects Mr. Roy’s vote-a-rama produced. While lawmakers are expected to vote on border aid legislation next week, how the two chambers will reconcile their respective versions remains uncertain — and it may not reach the president’s desk until after the Fourth of July recess.