Environmental activists are raising the pressure on Poland and other EU member states to clarify their coal phase-out plans, saying countries receiving EU energy transition funds cannot “have their cake and eat it”.

An analysis of the 28 draft National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) submitted by EU member states to the European Commission reveals some countries have no intention to eradicate coal.

Eleven EU countries have either no plans to quit coal or are planning only a very limited decrease in their installed capacity by 2030, according to the analysis by Climate Action Europe and Sandbag.

Only eight EU countries have clear plans to eliminate coal from their electricity mix while two have pledged to do it but without giving an explicit date, the two NGOs found.

This is insufficient to reach the objectives of the Paris Agreement, which says coal needs to be phased out as quickly as possible across the world in order to keep global warming below 2°C. For wealthy regions like Europe, this means eliminating coal from the energy mix by 2030 at the latest.

“Our analysis shows that the EU is currently set to miss this goal by a wide margin,” said CAN Europe and Sandbag, the two environmental groups which co-authored the study.

On current plans, the vast majority of the EU’s remaining coal power capacity in 2030 will be located in just 6 member states: Poland, Germany, Czechia, Bulgaria, Romania and Greece.

Altogether, there will be 60 GW of installed coal capacity left across the EU by then, down 58% from 143 GW today. And the vast majority of it will be located in Poland (22.9 GW) and Germany (17 GW).

This doesn’t mean efforts aren’t being made. The sharpest fall (-61%) is expected in Germany, where coal power capacity is planned to drop from 44.4 GW today to 17 GW by 2030. A big drop is also expected in the UK, from 11.6 GW to zero.

By contrast, the planned decline of coal in Poland will be much softer, from 26.9 GW to 22.9 GW, a decrease of 15%. Meanwhile, Slovakia, Slovenia and Bulgaria plan to keep their coal fleet unchanged by 2030 – at 0.6 GW, 1.0 GW and 4.7 GW respectively.

For environmental groups, this is simply unacceptable. “Many of the member states with no plans to move away from coal are already benefiting from various EU energy transition support schemes and are asking for increased funding,” said the authors of the report.

Poland has been the most vocal country asking for EU funds, saying that reaching climate objectives is all about funding to manage the social aspects of the energy transition.

In addition to billions in EU regional funds, coal-reliant countries in Europe will together be eligible to receive around €26 billion from the EU carbon market’s Modernisation Fund, which runs from 2021 to 2030.

“Coal-reliant member states want to have their cake and eat it with just transition funding,” said Charles Moore from Sandbag, one of the co-authors of the report. “The European Commission can only continue to support these member states if they come up with realistic plans for moving away from coal,” he insisted.

Joanna Flisowska, the coal policy coordinator at CAN Europe, said “the European Commission needs to hold governments to account on the quality of their NECPs”.

“Climate laggards should not get a free pass. The EU needs to support the just energy transition in the coal regions informed by credible and ambitious commitments clearly articulated in the NECPs. A just energy transition away from coal cannot be ‘just talk’ anymore,” she said.

Clean energy transition ‘is a social policy issue’, Poles insist The social policy dimension was largely overlooked when the European Union decided energy and climate change objectives for 2030, Poles have warned, calling on policymakers to endorse a “just transition fund” to support the country’s coal phase-out.

[Edited by Zoran Radosavljevic]