Laszlo continues his shallow dive into the history of the Hokkien people with a focus on the history of the Hokkien diaspora who populated many cities and towns throughout Southeast Asia. Please note that the ancestors of Later Lý Dynasty founder Lý Thái Tổ (李太祖) and Tran Dynasty founder Trần Thái Tông are popularly said to have come from Fujian province (as mentioned in this episode). However this is not an accepted fact and their origin is still being debated among historians.

Terms Used In Episode Pinyin/Term Chinese English/Meaning Hokkien 福建 The province and the people of Fujian Mǐnyuè 闽越 Ancient kingdom located in Fujian province Qín 秦朝 China's first imperial dynasty that ran from 221-206 BCE Hàn 汉朝 Dynasty that ran 202 BCE to 220 CE with a break from 9 to 23 CE Jìn 晋朝 Dynasty that ran from 265-420 Táng 唐朝 Dynasty that ran from 618-907 Mǐn 闽 Abbreviation for Fujian and all things Fujian Xiàmén 厦门 Used to be known as Amoy, a city in southern Fujian Taipei (Táiběi) 台北 Largest city in Taiwan Mǎ Liù Jiǎ

马六甲 Melaka, Malaysia Hàn Lìbǎo

汉丽宝 Ming dynasty princess who was fixed up with the Sultan of Melaka Mansur Sha Zhèng Hé

郑和 Great Chinese admiral who led naval missions throughout the known world Yǒnglè Emperor 永乐帝 Ming Dynasty emperor who reigned 1402-1424 Bǎoshān Tíng

宝山亭 A pavilion built on Bukit Cina Hill for Han Libao Sān Bǎo Shān

三宝山 Bukit Cina Hill BāBā Niángrě 峇峇娘惹 The Baba Nyonya - Peranakan Chinese Huáng Yùlán 黄玉兰 Oei Hui-lan, 2nd wife of Wellington Koo and a style icon in her day Záhuòdiàn 杂货店 A small general store with Chinese characteristics Gù Yánwǔ 顾炎武 A 17th century geographer and philologist

Hoklo 福佬 Another term for Hokkien People Cháoshàn 潮汕 The Chaozhou-Shantou region of southern Guangdong Hakka 客家 The Hakka people and their culture Xīnjiāpō 新加坡 Singapore Zhāngzhōu 漳州 City in southern Fujian Quánzhōu 泉州 City in southern Fujian Huìguǎn 会馆 A meeting place Later Lý Dynasty Vietnamese dynasty than ran 1009-1225 Lý Thái Tổ . (Lǐ Tàizǔ) 李太祖 Founder of the Ly Dynasty Tran Dynasty Vietnamese dynasty than ran 1225-1400 Trần Thái Tông 陈太宗 Tran Dynasty founder Mǐnnán 闽南 The southern part of Fujian and its culture and language Zán nóng huà 咱侬话 Our People’s Speech, the Filipino way to speak Hokkien

Huángmínhuà Yùndòng 皇民化运动

Kominka Movement in Taiwan during the Japanese occupation fāngyán 方言 local dialect Shuō Pǔtōnghuà, zuò wénmíngrén 说普通话，做文明人 Speak Mandarin and don’t be so uncivilized speaking these local tongues. Tiān Gōng 天公 Another name for the Jade Emperor Yùhuáng / Yùdì 玉皇 / 玉帝 The Jade Emperor Tāng yuán

汤圆 A Ningbo specialty, glutinous rice flour balls with sweet sesame filling Wàng Lái

旺来 Prosperity is coming. In Hokkien this sounds similar to the word for pineapple Bài Tiāngōng 拜天公

The ritual of honoring the Jade Emperor on the 9th day of the 1st month Zhèng Chénggōng 郑成功 Koxinga Guóxìngyé 国姓爷 This is how we get the Anglicization of Koxinga Bādà càixì 八大菜系 The Eight Great Cuisines of China Huárén Qū

华人区 The Chinese areas Hokkien Mee 福建面 Hokkien Noodles Fújiàn Chǎomiàn 福建炒面

Hokkien Char Mee Fújiàn Xiāmiàn 福建下面 Hokkien Hae Mee Fújiàn Chǎofàn

福建炒饭 Fujian Fried Rice Jahp / Zhī 汁 juice, gravy, dressing, sauce Yángzhōu Chǎofàn 扬州炒饭 A fried rice dish that originated in 18th century Yangzhou and today is a staple at all American Chinese restaurants Ròu Gǔ Chá 肉骨茶 Meat Bone Tea….Bak Kut Teh

yóutiáo 油条 Fried bread stick Tiéguānyīn 铁观音 A type of tea famous in Fujian míngcài 名菜 Famous dishes (of a particular cuisine) Lín Yǔtáng 林语堂 20th century literary great

Zhū Xī

朱熹 Song era philosopher, scholar and a major guy in Neo-Confucianism. Lived 1130-1200 Wǔ Bǐngjiàn 伍秉鉴 Also known to the Western traders as Howqua 浩官, Lived 1769-1843

Guīzhī 鲑汁 A kind of sauce derived from fish kei-jahp 茄汁

Cantonese form of Ketchup 鲑鱼 guīyú A kind of fish, perhaps a salmon