As the frozen Arctic soil known as "permafrost" thaws, it could release large amounts of carbon - in the form of both carbon dioxide and methane - to the atmosphere. And this new source of greenhouse gas emissions could be large enough that it could substantially undermine attempts to cut down on emissions from fossil fuels.

Now, an overview of what we know about the permafrost carbon problem has just come out in Nature, written by a group of 17 experts on the matter. In other words, this is probably the most thorough scientific look at the issue yet. And the researchers, led by Edward Schuur of Northern Arizona University, basically confirm that we have a serious problem - if not necessarily a catastrophe - on our hands.

A warming arctic could be disastrous for greenhouse gas emissions. Credit:AP

The bottom line is that the permafrost carbon problem doesn't look like it's going to just go away as researchers better refine their estimates. Rather, it's something that the world, and especially its leaders who are the ones making climate agreements, will have to deal with.

"Initial estimates of greenhouse gas release point towards the potential for substantial emissions of carbon from permafrost in a warmer world, but these could still be underestimates," the study notes.