SEOUL, Korea, Republic Of — Former Associated Press photojournalist Kim Chonkil, whose images captured South Korea’s turbulent transition from dictatorship to democracy, has died. He was 89.

Kim’s son, Kim Kuchul, said he died in New York on Thursday after suffering from kidney and respiratory problems.

Kim covered South Korea for AP for nearly 40 years until leaving the company in 1987, a period during which the country rose from the devastation of the 1950-53 Korean War into an Asian industrial power and a full-fledged democracy following a bloody struggle against dictatorship.

Kim will be remembered for one of the most iconic photos in South Korea’s history — a May 1961 photo of Gen. Park Chung-hee, in an army cap and sunglasses, observing a march of military cadets in capital Seoul, two days after seizing power in a coup.

For most South Koreans, it was the first time they saw the staunch anti-communist dictator who would rule the country for nearly 20 years before being assassinated in 1979. He left a mixed legacy as a successful economic strategist and a brutal strongman who tortured and executed dissidents.

Hired by AP during the 1950-53 Korean War, Kim also covered the fall of South Korea’s first president, Syngman Rhee, who fled into exile in Hawaii in 1960 amid nationwide protests over election-rigging suspicions and pro-democracy demonstrations in the southern city of Gwangju, where hundreds died in a violent crackdown.

Kim also covered a wave of pro-democracy protests in 1987 that eventually forced the government of Chun Doo-hwan, another army general who took power in a coup weeks after Park’s death, to accept free presidential elections.

“He was at the very front line of recording South Korea’s contemporary history,” said Paul Shin, a former AP colleague of Kim. “He always tried harder than others to be at the scene. He had a strong sense of responsibility, but was also a very generous person.”

Kim left the AP later in 1987 and worked as a photo editor for Time magazine during the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. He immigrated to the United States in 1993 and settled in New York.

He is survived by a wife and three children. A funeral is planned in New York.