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Executive Summary



History and Evolution



Advances in Research on the Human Microbiome



Commercial Activity



Trends and conclusions



Chapter 1 - Introduction

- Scope and Structure of the Report



Chapter 2 - History and Evolution

- Exhibit 2.1 PubMed citations for the search term ‘human microbiome’



Chapter 3 - Advances in Research on the Human Microbiome

- Culture

- Systems Biology

- Microbial Ecology

- Synthetic Biology and Microbiome Engineering

- Diet

- The Virome

- Diagnostics

- Infectious Disease

- The microbiome in health and disease

- The Gut-Brain Axis

- Multiple Sclerosis

- Colorectal cancer

- The Microbiome at the Extremes of Life



Chapter 4 - Commercial Aspects of Microbiome Research and Development

- Selected Companies Active in the Microbiome Space

- Exhibit 4.1 Companies Active in the Microbiome Space

- AdvancingBio Inc.

- AOBiome LLC

- Assembly Biosciences, Inc.:

- AvidBiotics Corp.:

- C3 Jian, Inc.

- Diversigen, Inc.

- Eligo Bioscience

- Enterome Bioscience SA

- Evelo Therapeutics

- Evolve BioSystems Inc.

- ExeGi Pharma LLC

- Human Longevity, Inc.

- Interface Diagnostics

- Intrexon Corporation

- MaaT Pharma

- MetaboGen AB

- Microbiome Therapeutics LLC

- OpenBiome, Inc.

- Pureflora, Inc.

- Rebiotix Inc.

- Seres Therapeutics

- Symbiotic Health Inc.

- Symbiotix Biotherapies, Inc.

- Synlogic Therapeutics

- Synthetic Biologics Inc

- ViThera Pharmaceuticals Inc.

- Xycrobe Therapeutics, Inc.

- Deal Activity

- Exhibit 4.2 Deals

- 4D Pharma - The Microbiota Company and GT Biologics

- 4D Pharma and The APC Microbiome Institute UCC Ireland

- Ab-Biotics SA and Janssen Research and Development

- Enterome and Abbvie

- Enterome and Gustav Rouss

- Evelo Therapeutics and University of Chicago

- Intrexon Corporation and Oragenics Inc.

- Intrexon Corporation and Synthetic Biologics, Inc.

- Optibiotix and Venture Life

- Second Genome and APC Microbiome Institute University College Cork

- Second Genome and Evotec

- Seres Health and Nestlé

- Symbiotix and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

- Synlogic and a Global Pharmaceutical Partner

- Vedanta Biosciences and Janssen Research and Development



Chapter 5 - Market Dynamics

- Exhibit 5.1 Respondents’ Subject Matter Category inMicrobiome R&D

- Exhibit 5.2 Type of Organization Where Respondents Work

- Exhibit 5.3 Further description of type of company where respondents work

- Exhibit 5.4 Respondents’ Position/Designation at the Workplace

- Exhibit 5.5 Type of Work Currently Performed by Respondents

- Exhibit 5.6 Type of Work Respondents Will Likely Perform in the Next Year

- Exhibit 5.7 Respondents’ Current Research Focus by Body Site/Niche

- Exhibit 5.8 Respondents’ Current Research Focus by Therapeutic Area

- Exhibit 5.9 Respondents’ Current Research Focus by Disease Condition

- Exhibit 5.10 Respondents’ Current or Future Research Focus by Product

- Exhibit 5.11 Respondents’ Expectation of Change in Their Organization’s Microbiome Involvement in the Next Two Years

- Exhibit 5.12 Respondents’ Opinion Regarding Academic Participation in Developing New Concepts for Rx and/or Dx of Dysbiosis

- Exhibit 5.13 Respondents’ Level Agreement with Statement: Current Methods are Adequate for Quantitative Characterization of the Microbiome for Personalized Medicine

- Exhibit 5.14 Respondents’ Level Agreement with Statement: Sufficient Information about the Composition and Function of Human Microbiomes has been Gathered to Justify Translational R&D

- Exhibit 5.15 Respondents’ Current Research Work on Detecting Dysbiosis Uses the Following Techniques

- Exhibit 5.16 Respondents’ Opinion on the Potential of Microbiome R&D to Provide Major Contributions to Healthcare

- Exhibit 5.17 Respondents’ Level of Agreement with the Statement: "Recent Findings Relating the Microbiome to Health and Disease Will Enable an Important New Generation of Therapies for a Number of Chronic Diseases.”

- Exhibit 5.18 Respondents’ Level of Agreement With the Statement: "Recent Findings Relating the Microbiome to Health and Disease Will Provide an Important New Generation of Measures to Maintain Good Health."

- Exhibit 5.19 Respondents’ Level of Agreement With the Statement: "It is Still Early Days for Translational Interventions Based on Microbiome R&D,and More Years of Research are Necessary to Establish its Potential."

- Exhibit 5.20 Respondents’ Level of Agreement With the Statement: "Sequencing Technologies Will Remain Dominant Over Microarrays for Most Microbiome Diagnostic Applications."

- Exhibit 5.21 Respondents’ Level of Agreement With the Statement: "Big Pharma Involvement in Microbiome-related R&D Will Increase Significantly Over the Next Decade.”

- Exhibit 5.22 Respondents’ Level of Agreement With the Statement: "We Can Expect a Flood of New Rationally Designed and/or Personalized Biotherapeutics to Emerge During the Next Decade."



Chapter 6 - Observations and Conclusions

- Microbiome Market Potential

- Synthetic Biology

- Dysbiosis and Disease - Establishing Causality Over Correlation

- Consistency of Results Across Laboratories

- Future Directions



Chapter 7 - Interview Transcripts

- Lee Jones, Founder CEO, Rebiotix

- Brian Varnum, PhD, Chief Development Officer C3 Jian

- Yanjiao Zhou, MD, PhD, Research Scientist, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington CT

- Dr Bernard Malfroy-Camine, President and CEO, ViThera Pharmaceuticals

- Mark L. Heiman, Ph.D., FTOS, Vice President, Research and CSO, MicroBiome Therapeutics (formerly NuMe Health)

- Larry Weiss, MD, Chief Medical Officer, AOBiome, LLC

- Karen E. Nelson, PhD, President, J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), Head, Microbiome Program, Human Longevity Institute (HLI)

- Sara Malcus, PhD, CEO, MetaboGen AB

- References

- About CHI

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