With that in mind, the 13-nation OPEC cartel had little choice but to work with Russia, despite the Kremlin’s long history of trying to jawbone up global oil prices while doing as little as possible — or nothing at all — to actually curb output.

Complicating the agreement, Russia and Saudi Arabia remain deeply divided over Middle Eastern politics and are backing opposite sides in Syria’s civil war.

“Russia is always interested in higher prices, and the higher the better,” Igor H. Yusufov, the Russian minister of energy during the 2001 agreement with OPEC, said in an interview. “But Russia will never become a member of OPEC.”

This time, OPEC, Russia and the other smaller producers agreed in December to a six-month reduction of 1.8 million barrels a day from Jan. 1 until June 30, with the goal of reducing currently bulging global stockpiles to their average level over the past five years. The agreement on Thursday extended those cuts.

OPEC’s share is 1.2 million barrels per day, while the non-OPEC nations agreed to cut back by 600,000 barrels a day. Russia agreed to the largest cut among non-cartel countries, pledging to lower output by 300,000 barrels per day. The other, smaller non-OPEC producers include Mexico, Kazakhstan and Equatorial Guinea.

Russia has been dragging its feet. By March, the International Energy Agency said, Russia had cut about 170,000 barrels a day in output. The Saudi oil minister, Khalid al-Falih, grumbled that the non-OPEC producers were in a “learning process” on the need to actually follow through with cuts. Aleksandr Novak, the Russian energy minister, said on May 2 that Russia had reached the targeted reduction.

It was not the first time. During the 2008 oil price crash, the deputy prime minister at the time, Igor I. Sechin, spoke of creating a national oil reserve, to squirrel away Russian oil and help lift global prices. His government, meanwhile, lowered two key taxes — the mineral extraction tax and export tariff — creating an incentive for Russian oil companies to export more oil.