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WASHINGTON — The House passed a bill on Thursday that would block President Trump from abandoning the Paris Agreement on climate change and require his administration to devise a plan to cut America’s greenhouse gas emissions.

The measure, which passed 231- 190, was the first big global warming legislation to win congressional approval in almost 10 years. It stands virtually no chance of approval in the Republican-controlled Senate. But with the vote, Democrats sought to tie Republicans to Mr. Trump, who has said that climate change is a hoax, and isolate them on an issue they believe is resonating strongly with voters.

Three Republicans voted in favor. No Democrats opposed it.

“It is time to end denial about this and start listening to the facts. This is about science, science, science,” the House speaker, Nancy Pelosi, said before the vote. “We have an imperative to have climate action no w. ”

Senator Mitch McConnell, the majority leader, issued a statement calling the House bill a “futile gesture to handcuff the U.S. economy.” He said it would “go nowhere” in the Senate.