After the US and Mexico reached an agreement to stave off tariffs on Mexican goods in return for concessions on immigration, Donald Trump heralded the deal but complained about its coverage by US media. His treasury secretary said the president retained the authority to impose tariffs if Mexico did not live up to the deal.

Why tariffs could be Trump's undoing | Ross Barkan Read more

Trump had threatened to impose 5% tariffs on all Mexican goods, rising to 25%, if the country did not agree new measures to stem migration from Central America. The tariffs were set to go in effect on Monday but the president tweeted late on Friday that a deal had been reached and the tariffs were “indefinitely suspended”.

In a joint declaration, both countries said Mexico agreed to immediately expand along the entire border a program that sends migrants seeking asylum in the US back to Mexico while they await adjudication.

The country also agreed to increase enforcement to contain the flow of migrants headed to the US, including by deploying national guard troops to its southern border and cracking down on human smuggling, the declaration said.

On Saturday, before going to his golf club in Virginia, Trump thanked Mexico’s president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, his foreign minister and “all of the many representatives of both the United States and Mexico, for working so long and hard to get our agreement on immigration completed!”

López Obrador previously tweeted his “thanks to the support of all Mexicans”.

Our expectation is that we won’t need to put tariffs in place, but obviously … the president retains that authority Steven Mnuchin

Trump also complained that “there has … been much false reporting (surprise!) by the Fake and Corrupt News Media, such as Comcast/NBC, CNN, New York Times and Washington Post”. He did not specify which reports had annoyed him, simply adding: “These ‘Fakers’ are Bad News!”

Complaints about the mainstream media are as much part of Trump’s political messaging as diatribes against undocumented migration and threats to impose tariffs on geopolitical competitors.

Trump also said that in implied contrast to his administration, “Nervous Nancy Pelosi [and] the Democrat House are getting nothing done” and tweeted that Mexico would “immediately begin buying large quantities of agricultural product from our great patriot farmers”.

At a meeting of G20 finance ministers in Fukuoka, Japan, treasury secretary Steven Mnuchin said he had spoken to Trump before the deal was announced and added: “We now have an agreement that we believe is going to fix the immigration issue. “And that was extremely important to the president.

“Our expectation is that Mexico will do what they’ve committed to do and our expectation is that we won’t need to put tariffs in place, but obviously if that’s not the case, the president retains that authority.”

Friday’s agreement did not include a US proposal to return asylum seekers from Guatemala to Mexico, and Honduran and Salvadoran asylum seekers to Guatemala, said Mexico’s foreign minister, Marcelo Ebrard.

“I think it’s a fair balance: they had more drastic measures and proposals at the start and we reached some middle point,” he said, adding that the the national guard deployment would start on Monday.

Ebrard highlighted US support in the agreement for a Mexican proposal to jointly address the causes of migration from Central America.

The asylum program is commonly known as Remain in Mexico and operates in the border cities of Tijuana, Mexicali and Ciudad Juarez. Under the new deal, returned asylum seekers will spend long periods in cities such as Reynosa, on the Texas border.

I think it’s a fair balance: they had more drastic measures and proposals at the start and we reached some middle point Marcelo Ebrard

Drug cartels frequently kidnap migrants in such cities. The program was challenged in court earlier this year by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and other groups which say it puts asylum seekers in danger and violates US and international law.

A federal judge ruled to halt the policy but an appeals court overturned the decision. Between January and June, 10,393 mostly Central Americans have been sent back to Mexico.

Mexico and US officials negotiated for three days in Washington. Americans bought $378bn of Mexican imports last year, led by cars and auto parts. Companies were racing to ship as many goods as possible out of Mexico, including cars, construction materials and appliances. On Friday, hundreds of semi-trailers idled at a truck crossing in Tijuana.

The two countries will continue talks, to be completed in 90 days, on further steps.

Trump has embraced tariffs as a way to force countries to comply with his demands, in this case on his signature issue, immigration. In Fukuoka on Saturday, Mnuchin said he planned talks on trade with the governor of China’s central bank.

Mexico could tighten migration controls to defuse Trump tariffs threat Read more

At home, Trump faced bipartisan opposition toward his tariff plan. After the deal was announced, the Republican senator Marco Rubio of Florida echoed Trump, writing on Twitter: “The threat of tariffs got Mexico to agree to take unprecedented steps to control illegal migration. Will be very interesting to see how media covers this now. It is going to be very hard for some of them to give [Trump] credit for this.”

In return Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer was sarcastic, using a tweet to point to Trump’s use of tariffs as a political tool: “This is an historic night! [Trump] has announced that he has cut a deal to ‘greatly reduce, or eliminate, illegal immigration coming from Mexico, and into the United States.

“Now that that problem is solved, I’m sure we won’t be hearing any more about it in the future.”

Trump has repeatedly warned of an “invasion” and criminal threats at the border. Agents made 132,887 arrests of migrants in May, the first time detentions have increased past 100,000 since April 2007 and the highest monthly total since Trump took office. Of those detained, 11,507 were unaccompanied children.