Field studies of biochar addition to soil and nutrient cycling usingN fertilizers in temperate agriculture are scant. These data are required in order to make evidence based assessments. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that biochar application can increase crop yields through improving the nitrogen uptake and utilization of added inorganic fertilizer, whilst sequestering significant quantities of carbon. Results showed that although biochar addition led to significant spring barley grain yield increases in the first year of biochar application, an unusually dry year; this was possibly not solely the result of improved nitrogen uptake, as total crop N was similar in both treatments. Results suggested it was improved water utilization, indicated by the crop carbon isotope values and soil moisture characteristics. In the second year, there were no significant effects of the previous year’s biochar addition on the sunflower yield, N status, fertilizer recovery or any signs of improved water utilization. These data add to a growing body of evidence, suggesting that biochar addition has only slightly positive or neutral effects on crop growth and fertilizer retention but has the potential to sequester vast amounts of carbon in the soil with minimal yield losses in temperate agriculture. View Full-Text