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Two horses, tied together by one ankle with a short leather strap, graze on the rich green lawn half a block away. Closer, some chickens scratch along the edge of a lush vegetable garden. A stray cat grooms itself on the rim of a wide concrete well. he small caravan comes to a stop about 30 minutes from town. Outside the cars, the thick, moist air is heavy with the smell of earth, grass and manure. It's been drizzling for days, but the ground here is merely damp. Nothing left for puddles; the soil has snatched up all the water for itself.Two horses, tied together by one ankle with a short leather strap, graze on the rich green lawn half a block away. Closer, some chickens scratch along the edge of a lush vegetable garden. A stray cat grooms itself on the rim of a wide concrete well. These are the suburbs of Lviv, Ukraine. Elsewhere in Western Europe, this area might be mistaken for rural, but here it's where wealthy people live — a thin crust of land between the dense, timeless city and the barren countryside. Past the chickens and the horses, past the well and the cat, inside the ground floor of this apartment building is a modern recording studio. It is equipped with thick foam baffles, delicate microphones and the best mixing equipment available in Ukraine. Maksym Hryniv has come here with his composer, Igor Bryshlyak, to record vocals for the soundtrack of a new game. "I cannot stress how important it is," Hryniv says. "Everything will depend on the music, so the music has to be good. It's not the case where you can turn off the music and you will still play the game. If you turn off the music you will have no game. It's a big difference." So much depends upon Katarina, Bryshlyak's girlfriend, whose largely untrained voice is being recorded for the first time today. Inside the tiny studio both she and Hryniv are shaking, nervous but energized all the same. This is the next step in the journey for Mokus Games, one of the most successful small studios in Ukraine. Its new game is original, ambitious and the result of a labor of love shared between friends. And it all began with breakdancing.

Human Angle: The Breakdancing Indie Human Angle: The Breakdancing Indie

A street battle in Malaysia A street battle in Malaysia

Lviv is often called the Paris of Ukraine, as much for its Austrian-inspired architecture as for its diverse population. It's a sleepy little city with cobblestone streets and a maze of narrow roads filled with three-quarters of a million people, mostly Ukrainians and Poles. Everything moves slowly here, as it has for more than 750 years since the city's founding. Hryniv is the exception. Against the background of this sluggish city he is a blur. He stands only around 5 feet 6 inches, but in motion his short legs cover a lot of ground in very little time. It's hard to keep up with him. Like a forest fire, he actually appears to move faster when moving uphill. He grew up here in the city, 15 minutes from the edge of an ancient forest that used to be the domain of the kings that once ruled this land. In Hryniv's youth he used to walk there and pick apples. "They are somewhere between wild and domesticated," he says.



Hryniv practices dance seven days a week.

At 32, Hryniv is athletic and deceptively strong. "I love different types of physical activity. I love skiing. I love snowboarding. I love parkour. I love everything extreme." When he first noticed breakdancing on MTV he didn't even know what he was seeing. "It was a long time ago. I was 18. We had no YouTube, we had no information about what breakdancing was. ... In the former Soviet Union we had no breakdancing, no kind of modern street dances. I got very interested and I wanted to try." On a trip to Germany, the brother of one of Hryniv's friends bought a VHS tape full of breakdancing footage, and a teenaged Hryniv and friends studied that tape and practiced for months to spin on their heads, walk on their hands and flip over scraps of cardboard. "We didn't know how to learn the tricks. We didn't have any foundation, any roots of how to do it. We had to invent the breakdances by ourselves." Hryniv's upper body strength was an asset, and he became known for his powerful acrobatic moves. "We had a few crews in my city," Hryniv says. "I was one of the best and that's how I started. We had a few battles — a few competitions. Some of them we won, some of them we lost. And this is how it was." Hryniv continued to practice with his crew throughout his university schooling, and years later graduated with a degree in mathematics and a portfolio of incredible dance moves. But in Ukraine, breakdancing doesn't pay, so he found work programming. "The main force that pushes Ukraine forward," Hryniv says, "is software development. Because we have a great scientific background. We have some kind of special Soviet Union education, a very good education in math and physics. But ... it's mostly just outsourcing, like you can see in India or China." "I was the only white breakdancer. The people supported me a lot. They screamed. It was really very beautiful." Not merely blessed with an amazing physique, Hryniv is also a very strong and very fast programmer. It's something he gets from his mother. "My mom is a software engineer, but in the Soviet Union she was a software engineer without a computer." He excelled at contract work, and was eventually one of the first of Ukraine's full-time remote workers. So long as he could connect to the internet a few times a day, he found he could live wherever he wanted. "I just checked on Wikipedia," Hryniv says, "what countries I can go to without [getting a] visa. And for me it was, as a Ukrainian, possible only to go to Ecuador or Malaysia." Easy access to the internet made Malaysia the right choice, and so he packed his bags and left. While there, he worked in fits and starts at building a root-kit detector for a security software company. He rented an apartment, bought a motorcycle and, despite the language barrier, quickly made friends. It wasn't long before he was plugged into the Malaysian breakdancing culture. "They invited me to a competition to be part of their crew," Hryniv says. On the horizon were the Malaysian championships, and the powerful Ukrainian gave his nimble team an advantage. They began practicing every day. "I was the only white breakdancer at [the] competition. The people supported me a lot. They screamed. It was really very beautiful. In one of my best battles I tried hard, was really good and took second place in [all of] Malaysia." Months later he would return to Ukraine a self-taught international breakdancing champion, eyes open to all the possibilities available to him.

Dancing with Flash Dancing with Flash

When he returned to Lviv he knew that he didn't want an office job. A friend offered him a role as the technical lead on a team that was making a massively multiplayer online game for children called Chobots. Hryniv's team designed the entire back-end infrastructure, and he led them from his home in Lviv. "It was kind of a new world for me," he says. "Just code, just servers and that's all. But during this project I realized that I can do something more. [Now] I had tasted it." And just as he did with breakdancing, he threw himself head first into game development. At that time in Ukraine there was no real marketplace for games online. As this article is published, Xbox Live is still not available there. The lack of access makes selling games hard. Hryniv began hunting around online forums for advice. "You can ask the same question in Cambodia," he says. "We [both] are Third World countries. And you know if we compare Ukraine to other countries of the former Soviet Union ... Belarussia, Kazakhstan, I think it's the same there. Some places it's even worse." Flash games, because of their low system requirements, were an obvious entry point. Hryniv put aside as much money as he could from his work on Chobots and began a marathon of game development, turning out his first game in just one month and keeping up that pace for most of a year.



Hryniv began making Flash games because of the platform's widespread availability.

The goal was to attract as many players as possible in a free, browser-based open market. By collecting more players, he could charge more to put ads inside his games. If a game was good enough, perhaps a publisher would even want to buy it. His success depended on his games' popularity and little more. "When I started to create games I had absolutely no skills in game design," Hryniv says. "Actually, it's similar to breakdance. When you start you just have to copy each other. ... You cannot invent something new from the start. It's just impossible. It's just how people learn." The first game that Hryniv set out to create was a simple top-down shooter. What would make his game unique would be the lifelike physics that controlled the blood and gore. But as he played with the code, it became clear to him that he had accidentally created a physics engine similar to the one in a popular puzzle game, World of Goo. Instead of adding that feature to his shooter, he gave into temptation and made a clone. "It was a rip-off of World of Goo," he admits. "I was contacted by [Goo developer] 2D Boy and they asked me to put a banner inside the game: 'Inspired by World of Goo.' And I did. And I hope no one got harmed in any way. ... It could have been very different." 2D Boy could have raised a firestorm of controversy around Hryniv, driven its fanbase and even other developers to pillory him. But the restraint it showed toward him, however undeserved, was a powerful gesture in his eyes. It showed him how to treat other developers, other artists. It was how he would want to be treated. He would never so blatantly steal again, but it wouldn't stop him from iterating on the mechanics of his competitors. "It was a rip-off of World of Goo. I hope no one got harmed in any way. It could have been very different." "If you don't put anything personal into your game, yeah, it's bad," he says. "If you take just one game and copy it, yeah. It's not good. But, for example, if you take two different [styles of gameplay] ... and you mix it and everything works together, you will have a completely new product. And it will be 100 percent yours." It was this technique of borrowing inspiration from multiple genres that would lead Hryniv to his breakout hit, Contre Jour. "When I [began] it was like any other game that I created," Hryniv says. "But then I started to realize that it was something bigger. ... I decided not to leave it on Flash but to try to make it mobile." A publisher called Chillingo, a subsidiary of Electronic Arts, believed in the concept and quickly signed him to a contract. "They told me, 'Make the game! It's amazing and you have to put all you can into the game. You have to make it just perfect.'" Quickly he was connected with an artist, Mihai Tymoshenko, and a composer named David Ari Leon. But he never met them in person.



Lviv was at different times under Austrian, Polish, and Soviet control. It is now part of an independent Ukraine.

"I was alone," Hryniv says. "I had a contract [with Tymoshenko] for one month. I had no money left [to pay him for more]." What Hryniv initially thought would be a three-month adventure in mobile game development turned into a nine-month ordeal. It stretched his finances to the breaking point, leading him to sell his motorcycle in order to put food in his refrigerator and keep the power on. Then, with the game ready for release, Chillingo delayed an additional two months to hit the right marketing window in the summer of 2011. But in the end it was all worth it. Contre Jour is a physics-based puzzle game where players have only indirect control over the protagonist, an emotive one-eyed sphere. The game utilizes all of the input methods that mobile users had been trained for, including multi-touch. Casual gamers who had already spent dozens of hours with Angry Birds and Cut The Rope were ready for the puzzler's challenging level of difficulty, and a special high-definition version was a hit on Apple's newest tablet. The reviews were glowing, and the awards started rolling in, including Apple's iPad Game of the Year. Traditional media outlets like Time Magazine even took notice, with Time including Contre Jour in its roundup of the 25 best iPad games of 2012.

Clear Black Clear Black

It's not very expensive to live in a developing nation. If Hryniv had been living in the West, the profits from Contre Jour would have been a windfall, to be sure. But by the end of 2012 Hryniv had made enough money to retire in Lviv, one of the most expensive tourist destinations in all of Ukraine. Explaining to friends and family how he had become wealthy was next to impossible, because no one he knew could actually buy his game; Apple's App Store wouldn't come to Ukraine until March of the following year. But while casual gamers fell in love with Contre Jour, critics saw it as derivative. They said it borrowed its monochrome art style from popular platformer Limbo, that its physics model copied any of a number of popular games. Hryniv still bristles at the comparisons. But instead of taking his money and moving on, he invested in his small studio, Mokus Games. He has surrounded himself with friends (friends who happen to be skilled artists) and designed his small company to create a new, unique game. The working title is Clear Black. "When I started to create Flash games it was totally different," Hryniv says. "When I started out I did one game in one month and released it. ... It was really high pressure, but it's how it is done in the Flash world. Everything was created from the first try. "But now we create three prototypes, we decide which is better, we create a few styles of graphics and we decide which is better. We create a few music tracks. Each feature ... that we create we do a few iterations. And every iteration [of the game] becomes better and better." But Hryniv still owes this latest project to his ability to write code quickly. "This new style of graphics, these shaders and these pixels ... it was done in seven minutes. "If you are really good then you don't need to write a lot of code." Mokus Games began work on a mashup of a rhythm game and a real-time strategy game. In the game, as units were created or destroyed, they would contribute a tone to the song being played. But the concept proved unwieldy, and after a few iterations Hryniv ordered the concept put on ice. Instead, Mokus Games would create a musical platformer. Clear Black plays like a runner-type game, with the main character moving at a constant speed from left to right. It's up to the player to make their avatar jump and climb to avoid obstacles, and the soundtrack provides most of the cues. "When you play it with the music it's much easier," Hryniv says. "Even I, the creator of the game, I fail if I do not listen to the music. Because you 'feel' the music, you can complete much harder levels. "It's about a character that lives in a pixel world. He's starting to realize that it's possible that not everything could be created only with pixels, but it could be some different type of material." For Hryniv, it will be a very personal story. "Actually I think my character will, during the game, feel the same emotions that I feel living in this world." When levels are properly tuned, players should be able to beat them with their eyes closed. But the art style is so striking players would be foolish not to look. Large pixels with heavy borders form a mosaic on the screen. Images roll under the tiles as the action pans parallax against the background. It is like looking at the world reflected in the jeweled eyes of an insect. Even Hryniv seems amazed by how beautiful it looks in motion. "It's something that you cannot find in any other game. Because there are a lot of games with pixel art, but you will not see this style of pixel art. It's totally new." The design calls for 40 levels. That means 40 unique songs, and for that reason they've come to this recording studio on the outskirts of Lviv, to record a vocal track.

Contre Jour

Clear Black

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A single soul dwelling in two bodies A single soul dwelling in two bodies

Clear Black was originally called Dubstep Run. It was a working title, but it shows the narrow perspective on music Mokus Games had going into the project. Now, with so many levels to fill, the team is considering different musical genres. "It was actually not my idea to do vocals," Hryniv says. "I really thought it wouldn't work together. When we started I thought it should be club music ... some kind of aggressive music. But later, when we tried the piano, I see that some part of the game can be lyrical." Up until now Hryniv has been used to working on games alone. It's taken him some time to find the right people to work with him. His composer, Igor Bryshlyak, he met through breakdancing. "We were dancers, 'B-Boys,'" says Bryshlyak. "He was my teacher sometimes. Then we were just friends playing Xbox and PlayStation together. And then he hired me maybe five or six years ago as a tester."



Composer Igor Bryshlyak's girlfriend, Katarina.