The District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia saw their biggest single-day increase in fatalities related to the coronavirus on Monday, with deaths up to 169 as officials warned that the region could become one of the country's next hot spots and hospitals prepared for a surge.

Data released in DC - which for the first time on Monday included a breakdown by race - showed that deaths are disproportionately concentrated among black residents, as has been the case elsewhere in the country.

There was a 114 per cent increase in confirmed coronavirus cases in the DC region in the past week, according to data. From Friday through Monday, there were an average of 393 new cases a day - up from an average of 70 new cases a day from 22-24 March.

Officials said that hospitals are seeing increases in the number of patients who need critical care but that the medical facilities are not overwhelmed.

In Virginia, 538 patients were hospitalised with Covid-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus. An additional 656 people were in state hospitals awaiting coronavirus test results. In Maryland, 1,059 people were hospitalised and 184 had been released from isolation.

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DC officials have not been disclosing how many people are hospitalised with Covid-19. But on 1 April, the city's top public health official said that about 14 per cent of people who tested positive for coronavirus were hospitalised and that the average age of a hospitalised person was 59.

“We have definitely seen a steady increase in the number of patients who are both positive with Covid-19 and people who are getting sick with Covid-19,” said William Borden, chief quality and population health officer with the George Washington University Medical Faculty Associates. “We have not yet seen the inflection point where it's gone up to exponential growth. But that could happen at any point.”

The rising cases across the Washington area are probably a combination of increased infections as well as a greater access to testing, Mr Borden explained. A similar spike in the number of hospitalisations would be a dangerous red flag for heath officials.

“We think we're still in the calm before the storm,” said Leslie Simmons, the executive vice president of LifeBridge Health, whose five Maryland hospitals are beginning to see an influx of patients in need of ventilators.

Ms Simmons said the critical-care unit at Carroll Hospital in Westminster was in overflow status last week after seeing a rise in patients from Pleasant View Nursing Home in Mount Airy.

That meant that some critical-care patients were being treated on a different floor, in a unit that is normally used for intermediate care, she said. The LifeBridge hospitals have not yet had to open tents or conference rooms to care for patients but have surge plans in place to do so if necessary, she said.

As of Monday, the critical-care unit at Carroll was back at normal capacity.

The DC government on Monday released coronavirus data broken down by race for the first time, showing that black residents are disproportionately represented among the dead.

Fourteen of DC's 24 Covid-19 fatalities were black, or about 58 per cent, the city reported. Black residents constitute about 46 per cent of the population in DC.

Data released by other jurisdictions, including Michigan and Chicago, also shows that black residents have been disproportionately affected.

That data and other reasons prompted more than 80 members of the Maryland House of Delegates to sign a letter calling on the state to release racial data for the coronavirus, saying it is necessary “to ensure proper attention is placed on addressing any health inequities in real time”.

Nick Mosby, a Democratic delegate for Baltimore City, who has been pushing for the data for weeks without success, is leading the effort.

Mr Mosby said more granular data is necessary to successfully engage the community and determine how resources should be used to reduce the spread of the virus.

“Without that data, you are literally shooting in the dark,” Mr Mosby said.

A spokesperson for Maryland's Republican governor Larry Hogan, Mike Ricci, tweeted on Monday thanking Mr Mosby and saying the governor's office received the message and would work on it.

Muriel Bowser, the Democratic mayor of DC, was asked about the racial disparity at a news conference on Monday. “All deaths concern me,” she answered. She said the 58 per cent figure is “somewhat higher, not much”, than the overall share of black residents in the city.

The city only had the races of about half of the roughly 1,100 people who tested positive for the coronavirus. Of those cases where race was available, nearly six in 10 are black and one-quarter are white.

Virginia has reported races of residents who tested positive for coronavirus but not for fatalities. But the state did not have the races of more than half of the nearly 3,000 people who tested positive.

Of the 1,340 for whom racial data was available, about 29 per cent were black. About 20 per cent of Virginians are black.

As of Monday afternoon, there were 8,028 positive Covid-19 cases in Maryland, Virginia and DC. There were big jumps in cases across the three jurisdictions Monday, bringing the total in Maryland to 4,046, with 2,881 in Virginia and 1,101 in DC, according to a tally by The Washington Post.

“We're starting to heat up quite a bit,” Mr Hogan said during a Fox News radio interview Monday. “We're now considered a hot spot.”

Ms Bowser said on Monday that she has made clear that her city is vulnerable to a wave of cases, noting that she warned on Friday that one in seven residents could be infected and hospitalisations could peak in July.

She explained that she told president Donald Trump and Deborah Birx, the White House coronavirus coordinator, of her concerns over the growth in cases in DC and across the region. Ms Birx subsequently warned this weekend that the region could soon become a hot spot.

Ms Birx said she hopes that social-distancing efforts will slow the spread so the region will not follow the same trajectory as New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. She urged residents to stay home as much as possible, including avoiding the grocery store and pharmacy. Ms Bowser has not gone that far, but she said residents should limit trips as much as possible.

Senators Ben Cardin and Chris Van Hollen, both Democrats from Maryland, said public health officials have told them cases in the region are expected to rise with a potential peak of early May, but they stressed that the situation is fluid and that not enough tests are being conducted to get a true picture of the current threat.

They said hospitals and health centres have universally said they need more personal protective equipment (PPE) for doctors, nurses and medical workers.

“We have been incredibly frustrated with the shortage of PPE and testing and ventilators in this region and throughout Maryland,” Mr Van Hollen said. “As of today, I'm afraid . . . we don't have supplies we need.”

“There may be areas of our state that may not be able to deal with the influx of patients,” Mr Cardin said.

Vice president Mike Pence announced on Monday evening that the Washington region would receive some of the ventilators that were loaned by California to the national stockpile. He said 200 will go to Maryland and 50 will go to DC.

Some hospital administrators were more reluctant to sound the alarms about an influx of cases in the greater DC region.

“I think any populated area that has a fair density that did not do social distancing early on to really try to mitigate it is at risk for being an area with more cases,” said Jordan Asher, senior vice president and chief physician executive at Sentara Healthcare. “I can't stress enough the impact of social distancing and when it got started and how well are people adhering to it.”

Sentara Northern Virginia Medical Centre, a 183-bed hospital in Prince William County, has a plan to double its bed count by adding to rooms and putting beds in operating and pre-op rooms, recovery rooms, conference centres, and classroom space, he said.

The hospital is looking for space outside its footprint and expects to be able to move non-Covid-19 patients to the Dulles Expo Centre, a space identified by state officials as a possible temporary hospital. The system is also continuing efforts to preserve PPE by disinfecting equipment that can be reused and limiting non-urgent surgeries, Mr Asher said.

Gene Ransom, chief executive of the Maryland State Medical Society, said he is not sure how hard Maryland will be hit but that he knows the state is doing all it can in terms of preparedness.

Mr Hogan has said his plan to add 6,000 beds is ahead of schedule and that the state is rapidly recruiting medical personnel. Mr Ransom said his biggest concern also is the lack of PPE, which he said he hears about daily from physicians concerned it will exacerbate the spread of the virus.

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Bob Atlas, head of the Maryland Hospital Association, said all of the state's four dozen hospitals are low on protective gear.

“But no one is out, at this point,” he added.

The University of Maryland Medical System (UMMS), which includes 13 hospitals across the state, instituted a mandatory masking policy on Monday, requiring that everyone in acute care and ambulatory facilities wear them.

The goal of the new policy, effective immediately, is to reduce the spread of Covid-19 through asymptomatic carriers, said chief executive Mohan Suntha. The system will provide the masks, he said.

UMMS is also looking for emergency staffers to assist in a potential surge, according to its website.

Hospitals in some larger systems have designated themselves hubs for treating Covid-19, including MedStar Washington Hospital and Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. ​