With this headline Robert Skidelsky is hinting an Islamisation of European politics. Although he doesn't juxtapose Islamist terrorism with "the threat posed by large-scale Muslim immigration to the code of morals" that "most educated Europeans, now accept without question," he is emphasising that Islam has come to "have a growing influence on British law and politics" and elsewhere in Europe. He is pessimistic about whether second or third generation migrants would adopt "liberal moral values" of the society they were born into.

Skidelsky points out the demographic advantage of the Islamic world - the "above-average fertility rate (three children per family versus the British average of 1.8)" or even lower in some European countries, invoking fear of an Islamic takeover. It is the aging population in Germany that has motivated Angela Merkel to roll out her welcome mat to the refugess this summer. Around 1.6 billion, or 23% of the world’s population are Muslims. Their population in Europe was "44.1 million in 2010, or 6% of the total." In 2011 there were "2.7 million Muslims in the United Kingdom (4.8% of the population), up from 1.6 million in 2001."

It is true that "liberals have not worried about ethnic demographics, because they assume that individuals eventually identify with the host society’s norms," and that they would adopt its values and views, leaving religion at home and becoming "integrated in all important respects." In countless cases, there is some truth in the "standard argument that immigrants enrich the host," even though there are rotten apples here and there.

The "social and political consequences" of the "postwar migrations to Europe, especially from the Muslim world" slowly emerged when religious preachers started to flock to Europe, first as visitors, invited by Muslims based here. Civil liberties enabled them to pursue the freedom of religion and seek religious guidance as a means to settle disputes . In the 1980s and 1990s the great numbers of preachers led to more "pronounced cultural differences," because they were not familiar with the liberal, British, democratic mindset and brought more literal interpretations of various aspects of Islam, which did not reflect the mindset of British Muslims. But they managed to convince the believers of their authority.

Indeed, many conservative Muslims believe secularisation, liberal "individualism" and political outlook corrupt their principles. This - in their eyes - moral decline drive them into the arms of their clerics and preachers. Since Osama bin Laden waged jihad against infidels, he found a sympathetic ear among rich Sunnis, who threw their weight behind an austere interpretation of Islam. The war on terror following the 9/11 attacks had attracted Muslims to join al-Qaeda to fight in Iraq and Afghanistan. Today some disaffected youth fall for ISIS propaganda, thinking the Islamic State is their utopia. A hundred years ago Islam was one of the world’s most peaceful religions; today it is the most violent. Yet the religion is not to blame for atrocities, but the people, who practise it.