This is thought to have its origins in bowling tournament prizes. Late eighteenth and early nineteenth century prizes given out during these tournaments were often food items, such as a basket filled with various grocery items, a large ham, or the like.

Particularly around Thanksgiving in the United States, turkeys became common prizes. At some point (no one knows the exact first instance), one tournament decided to give away a turkey to people who managed to bowl three strikes in a row. This practice spread and eventually embedded itself in common bowling vernacular, long after giving away actual turkeys stopped.

You might wonder how those individuals running tournaments managed to make any money at all when they were giving away a turkey every time someone bowled three strikes in a row, let alone prizes for other accomplishments. After all, even complete amateurs can achieve that feat on occasion, and those who are skilled can do it with some regularity.

But in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, bowling three strikes in a row was extremely hard to do owing to the fact that they didn’t have nearly the refined, pristine lanes we’re used to today. Further, the pins were setup by hand, sometimes in a not quite uniform fashion; bowling balls tended not to be well balanced; and people running the tournaments would often use tricks to make the pins harder to knock down, such as adding weight in the bottoms of the pins. So bowling three strikes in a row was exceptionally hard to do, even for those who were highly skilled.

With it being somewhat more common to hit three strikes or more in a row today, new names have been developed to account for the strike-bloat, though usage of these terms isn’t nearly as widespread as with a “Turkey.”

That being said, relatively common terms include:

Four consecutive strikes: Hambone

Six consecutive strikes: Wild Turkey

Nine consecutive strikes: Golden Turkey

A Perfect Game, all strikes from start to finish: Dinosaur (supposedly originally because it’s “non-existent like a dinosaur”, though in fact it has been done several times, such as by Grazio Castellano who was the first to bowl a perfect game on live television on October 4, 1953.)

In general, if you can’t remember these names and you want to sound like you know what you’re talking about, you can simply call them a “four bagger,” “five bagger,” etc. for four and five strikes in a row and beyond.

This all might have you wondering why the turkey itself (the bird) is called a turkey. In the sixteenth century, when North American turkeys were first introduced en masse to Europe, there was another bird that was popularly imported throughout Europe and, most relevant to this topic, England, called a guinea fowl.

This guinea fowl was imported from Madagascar via the Ottoman Empire. The merchants who imported the guinea fowl were thus known as “turkey merchants.” The guinea fowl eventually were popularly referred to as “turkey fowl,” similar to how other product imported through the Ottoman Empire acquired their names, such as “turkey corn,” “turkey wheat,” etc.

The North American turkey was first introduced to Spain in the very early sixteenth century and popularly introduced to all of Europe shortly thereafter. The animal was thought by many to be a species of the type of guinea fowl that was imported via the Ottoman Empire and thus, began also being called a “turkey fowl” in English, with this eventually being shortened to just “turkey.”

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