Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption Poverty levels in Scotland have improved relative to the rest of the UK

Poverty levels in Scotland are falling and are now lower than in the rest of the UK, a report has said.

The Glasgow University study suggested it was because more Scots live in the socially-rented sector.

Rents there have been pegged in recent years, whereas in England they are rising.

But another report has suggested an increasing proportion of those who are in poverty are living in private rented accommodation.

The report, Lower poverty in Scotland: pinning down the change, said the improvement in the Scottish poverty rate relative to that for the rest of the UK occurred after the year 2003-4.

It pointed out in England, the government had encouraged social landlords to charge rents closer to market levels.

'Modest reduction'

The Scottish government has not pursued this policy, so rents have remained more affordable.

It represents a real improvement and an historic break. One factor is housing costs - an area where the Scottish government can have great influence Nick Bailey, Glasgow University

The report suggested if the situation had not improved in Scotland about 200,000 more people would have been living below the poverty line.

The study estimated that 29% of adults in Scotland are still suffering multiple deprivation, compared to 31% in England and Wales

"The reduction in Scotland's poverty rate is modest and comes at a time of great hardship for many families," said the author, Nick Bailey, senior lecturer in Urban Studies.

"Even so, it represents a real improvement and an historic break. One factor is housing costs - an area where the Scottish government can have great influence."

A separate report published by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF), looked at the households suffering poverty.

It said fewer people were now living in local authority or housing association accommodation - from 830,000 households in 1991 to 575,000 in 2013.

At the same time households in privately rented homes had more than doubled from 137,000 to 325,000.

JRF said about a third of these (120,000) were living in poverty.

Tom MacInnes, co-author of the report, said: "Affordable housing, often social housing, has been key to tackling poverty in Scotland.

"As the stock declines, low income families increasingly find themselves in more expensive, private rented accommodation.

"This undermines the Scottish government's hopes of reducing poverty and tackling high living costs."

Image caption The JRF report said fewer people were now living in local authority or housing association accommodation

The publication of the reports came ahead of the 5th annual Scottish assembly for tackling poverty in Edinburgh, organised by JRF and the Poverty Alliance.

A Scottish government spokesman said: "We welcome this study which shows that poverty rates in Scotland are lower than the rest of the UK.

"We have committed to deliver 30,000 affordable homes during this parliament, at least 20,000 of those will be for social rent and we have put in place the funding - over £1.3n in the four years to March 2016 - to make that happen."

The spokesman said Housing Minister Margaret Burgess had announced that the Scottish government would amend the notice period for right-to-buy from three to two years after the date the bill receives Royal Assent.

He added: "These measures will ensure that an additional 15,500 social homes are available for rent over a 10-year period and safeguard social housing stock for future generations.

"With 155,000 people on local authority and common waiting lists for social rented houses, we can no longer afford to see the social sector lose out on badly needed homes."