Klotho levels have been shown to be lower in patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). R

In studies where mice were unable to produce klotho, they displayed impaired abilities to form new memories and associations. R R

Even in healthy mice, young mice, klotho enhances brain function and Long Term Potentiation (LTP). R

In studies where mice had high levels of alpha-synuclein (protein in their brain found of AD and Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients), klotho was able to improve their memory and synaptic plasticity. R

Also in models of PD, klotho can protect dopamine in the brain. R

In humans, higher levels of klotho has been associated with enhanced cognition, better learning, and memory skills. R

Having a genetic predisposition to produce more klotho (discussed below) is also associated with a having a higher intelligence quotient (IQ). R

Klotho also increases myelination in the brain and may be beneficial for patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). R

2. May Increase Longevity

Klotho declines with age. R

In humans, low circulating klotho has been shown to be correlated with a significantly higher risk of death. R

In studies of mice that were genetically modified to overexpress klotho, they had significantly extended life-spans (by 20-30%). R

One way it is able to do this is by decreasing levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling. R

Another way it may do this is by klotho's ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. R R

3. May Prevent Cancer

Klotho can surpress tumor formation. R R

Increasing expression of klotho may help with:

Bone Cancer R

Brain Cancer R

Breast Cancer R

Colon Cancer R

Gastric Cancer R

Kidney Cancer R

Liver Cancer (controversial, see below ) R

Lymphatic Cancer R

Skin Cancer R

4. May Improve Exercise Performance