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A Catholic priest in Georgia presided from his Jeep. There are drive-up prayers in Washington, D.C. And Pope Francis delivered mass to an empty and silent St. Peter’s Square in Vatican City.

As the COVID-19 pandemic shutters public spaces across the globe, religious communities are being forced to reimagine their traditions. Churches, synagogues, temples and mosques are going virtual. Religious schools are closing, holiday celebrations are canceled, and the spiritual rules surrounding milestones — from baptisms to funerals — must be rewritten for an age of isolation.

“What is community when the building where we gather is no longer available to us?” the Rev. Chloe Breyer, executive director of The Interfaith Center of New York, said. “It opens us up to a degree of creativity. Religion is a lived experience.”

But not all religious leaders are ready to accept social distancing.

In Louisiana, a pastor said he would continue services despite a state ban on gatherings of more than 50 people. Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam is urging Liberty University President Jerry Falwell Jr. to reconsider after he allowed students to return to campus. Among the potential causes of COVID-19 in the words of some pastors and televangelists: abortions, LGBTQ rights and public hatred of President Donald Trump. Others assure their listeners that God will protect people of faith against the virus, or that no believer ought to be afraid of heaven.

Full coverage of the coronavirus outbreak

“When 10 people can’t assemble in church or business then healthy people are being quarantined, our Constitution & faith in God is under attack, & Tyranny triumphs when fear reigns,” Roy Moore, the controversial failed Republican Senate candidate and former judge from Alabama, tweeted last weekend.

Pastor Rodney Howard-Browne of The River Church in Tampa instructed attendees to hold hands. “If you can’t receive communion because you’re afraid of getting infected, you don’t understand what the table of the Lord is about,” he said March 17.

But the rejection of social distancing is far from mainstream among religious leaders.

“That's dumb, unbiblical and it doesn’t make sense,” Rick Warren, pastor of the Saddleback Church in California, said.

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Warren and his wife, Kay, started the Saddleback Church about 40 years ago, and it now has 30,000 Sunday congregants around the world. They have moved their ministry online.

Rick Warren, the pastor of the Saddleback Church in California, has moved the ministry online. He says it is "unbiblical" to ignore social distancing guidelines. Courtesy Rick Warren

“God gave you a brain,” Warren said. “And much of what God wants to do with your life, he’s not going to write in the sky. He gave you a brain, and he expects you to use the intelligence that you were given."

Religious gatherings have already been seen to facilitate the spread of COVID-19, contributing to over half the cases at one point in both South Korea and Malaysia and recently requiring hundreds of D.C. churchgoers to self-quarantine.

Most mainstream religious associations in the U.S. appear to be embracing the need for change and advising community leaders to adhere to social distancing guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In New York, the current epicenter of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic, Breyer said she had not seen anything other than full willingness to adopt public health guidelines.

“Everyone is taking this very seriously,” she said. “This is not something unique to particular traditions.”

Allen Fagin, executive vice president of the Orthodox Union, said the need to stay apart has been taxing on his community.

“Praying together as a community is a fundamental preset for us,” Fagin said. “Not having that as the glue that binds is extraordinarily difficult.”

The new reality has inspired some religious leaders to take creative steps.

Central Synagogue is one of many organizations to move their shabbat services online in the wake of COVID-19 social distancing recommendations. Courtesy Central Synagogue

Father Mark Peacock, priest of the Holy Spirit Parish in Grand Rapids, Michigan, has populated the pews of his church with photos of those worshipping at home.

“Looking at faces, it really took on a whole new meaning for me,” Peacock said. “It was really profound."

Stephen Ko, a pastor at New York Chinese Alliance Church and a former CDC official, said he is talking to colleagues in both the public health and the religious communities about how to best convey the difficult message.

“The greatest irony is that Christianity is a faith based on fellowship and intimacy — a fellowship with God and a fellowship with others,” Ko said. “We have to love our neighbors from a distance now. We must be willing to sacrifice ourselves on behalf of our elderly neighbors.”

Those sentiments are being echoed by other religious groups, as well.

Suspending gatherings is in line with important Islamic principles like “avoiding harm takes precedence over acquiring benefit,” the National Muslim Task Force on COVID-19 said in a statement.

Russell Nelson, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, released a video titled “My Message of Hope and Love for You,” reminding the Mormon community to remember the beauty of home-centered gospel.

People who turn to religion for guidance in times of crisis will find it is there, leaders say. It just may be on YouTube or FaceTime.

“It’s such a different muscle for us than anything we’ve had to do before,” Eric Fingerhut, president and CEO of the Jewish Federations of North America, said. “We don’t stay away. We rush to each other in moments of crisis. The understanding that we can’t do that — the right thing to do in this crisis is to stay socially apart — is very, very hard. We’re doing it well and we’re doing it beautifully, but, boy, is it hard.”