ATHENS—Giorgos Fasois may never hold a full-time job again. He has come to terms with that, he said. He will just do whatever it takes to feed his three children.

Charis Karakosta Papachristou now works as a doctor in Sweden. She doesn’t intend to return.

Evelyn Karyofylli kept her swimsuit-making business going, but isn’t sure it was worth...