Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Apple made a net profit of $53bn in the 2015 financial year.

Apple has filed an appeal against a European Union ruling that it should pay up to €13bn (£11bn) in back taxes in the Republic of Ireland.

In August, the EU ruled Apple's tax arrangements in Ireland were illegal, and demanded the record penalty.

The tech giant says it has been singled out and was "a convenient target".

Ireland is also contesting the decision, claiming that EU regulators were interfering with national sovereignty.

Apple issued a lengthy statement, pointing it out that it was the largest taxpayer in the world, in the US and in Ireland.

It said if the EU ruling went against it, the company would pay 40% of all the corporate taxes collected in Ireland.

Apple said it paid a 26% tax rate on its worldwide earnings, but said it was correct that it paid most of that in the US.

"Because our products and services are created, designed and engineered in the US, that's where we pay most of our tax... this case has never been about how much tax Apple pays, it's about where that tax is paid."

'Misunderstood law'

Apple's European headquarters are located in Ireland - where the standard rate of corporate tax is 12.5%.

But in August, the European Commission said that Ireland had enabled the company to pay substantially less than other businesses, in effect paying a rate of no more than 1%.

Apple and Ireland €13bn demanded in back taxes. Equal to: ALL of Ireland's healthcare budget

66% of its social welfare bill

15 million iPhones

27% of Apple's 2015 profit Getty

On Monday, in a strongly-worded statement, Ireland's finance ministry Ireland's finance ministry said that the European Commission had "misunderstood the relevant facts and Irish law".

"Ireland did not give favourable tax treatment to Apple - the full amount of tax was paid in this case and no state aid was provided," it said. "Ireland does not do deals with taxpayers."

Analysis: Simon Jack, business editor

Although it will be years before this case is settled, the tax landscape is already changing.

The Commission may end up losing this particular battle but there is progress in the international war against tax avoidance.

The notoriously complex "double Irish" tax structure is being phased out, the OECD's work on preventing profit shifting to low tax areas is being fairly widely adopted and companies are even moving their headquarters to places where they have a real physical business (Mcdonalds from Luxembourg to the UK for example).

And, if Donald Trump does cut US taxes from 35% to 15% as he hinted during his campaign, the sea of US corporate cash lapping around the shores of Ireland and Luxembourg may start flooding back home.

Read more from Simon, here:

Apple's general counsel Bruce Sewell told the Reuters news agency that the commission had disregarded tax experts brought in by Irish authorities.

"Apple is not an outlier in any sense that matters to the law. Apple is a convenient target because it generates lots of headlines," Mr Sewell said.

Even if Apple lost its appeal, the record tax bill should not be a problem for iPhone maker, which saw a net profit of $53bn in the 2015 financial year.

Apple is not the only company that has been targeted for securing favourable tax deals in the European Union.

Last year, the commission told the Netherlands to recover as much as €30m (£25.6m) from Starbucks, while Luxembourg was ordered to claw back a similar amount from Fiat.