KOTUS type 5 (risti) NSK type 4 (risti) and 7 (kalsium)

Two-syllable nominals ending with -i; consonant gradation possible. Also words formed using the suffix -kki.

Partitive ending -a/-ä and genitive plural ending -en. -i of stem changes to -e- before plural marker -i-, except in genitive plural, where it is dropped.

Foreign words and loan words ending in a consonant are often declined following this type: the nominative singular has no -i ending, but the rest of the declension is as for an -i nominal, including the illative singular -iin.

Basic declension without consonant gradation [ edit ]

Consonant gradation [ edit ]

Loan words generally do not undergo consonant gradation.

Summary [ edit ]

grade kk → k pp → p tt → t k → ∅ p → v t → d nk → ng lt → ll nt → nn rt → rr nominative strong tukki nuppi niitti laki hupi koti vanki pelti tunti kaarti genitive weak tukin nupin niitin lain huvin kodin vangin pellin tunnin kaarrin partitive strong tukkia nuppia niittia lakia hupia kotia vankia peltiä tuntia kaartia elative weak tukista nupista niitista laista huvista kodista vangista pellistä tunnista kaarrista illative strong tukkiin nuppiin niittiin lakiin hupiin kotiin vankiin peltiin tuntiin kaartiin

Complete declension example with consonant gradation (t → d) [ edit ]

Inflection of Finnish nominal inflection/risti (Kotus type 5/risti, t-d gradation) nominative koti kodit genitive kodin kotien partitive kotia koteja illative kotiin koteihin singular plural nominative koti kodit accusative nom. koti kodit gen. kodin genitive kodin kotien partitive kotia koteja inessive kodissa kodeissa elative kodista kodeista illative kotiin koteihin adessive kodilla kodeilla ablative kodilta kodeilta allative kodille kodeille essive kotina koteina translative kodiksi kodeiksi instructive — kodein abessive koditta kodeitta comitative — koteineen