Where Troy Once Stood

by Iman Jacob Wilkens



Review of the 2009 newly revised and expanded edition



Where Troy Once Stood



Author: Iman Jacob Wilkens



2009 newly revised and expanded edition (English language) available now.



Includes: 431 pages, 28 maps, 24 photographs, 23 illustrations and tables.



Cover price / RRP: None



Size: 165mm wide (6.5 inches) x 240mm high (9.5 inches) x 26mm thick (1 inch)



Weight: approx 820 grams (2lbs) excluding packing.

An outstanding work, entertaining, interesting and a true detective work of which any real Sherlock Holmes would be proud.



The first editions of Where Troy Once Stood were published in the early nineties. After twelve more years of research by the Author, there was much new material making production of the new 2009 Revised and Expanded Edition essential.



Where Troy Once Stoods' 430 pages destroys the myth of the Greek and Turkish origins of Troy with substantial compelling clear evidence. The real location of the City of Troy and the Trojan War are revealed in great detail with their Celtic origins in Europe. Most of the place names previously assumed to be Greek are shown to be Celtic, many still exist in similar form today.



The Author clearly demonstrates that the Trojan War geography recorded in ancient writings (Iliad, Dares and Dictys) do not fit Turkish geography, but closely match that of Britain and Europe.



The Author shows that after the destruction of Troy, the survivors build a new city on the nearby river Temese, in fact the Thames. The Celts called it Town of Troy (Caer Troia), the Romans named it Londinium Troia Nova (new Troy)



The highly detailed Supporting Evidence contained within Where Troy Once Stood includes: detailed maps, countless archaeological finds, historic place name matching, ancient historic writings, accurate geographic and topographic matching, cultural and linguistic evidence.



The reader may wonder, with so much evidence available for centuries, why has it taken such a long time to realise Troy and the Trojan War occurred in western Europe centred in Britain? the answer probably is long standing tradition and unlike the Author, few have spent 30 years researching, discovering and looking at the overall picture of the weighty evidence.



The Author and Sir Moses Finley (Professor Ancient History Cambridge) realised long ago there was a substantial weight of evidence making it clear that Troy and the Trojan War did not occur in Greece and Turkey (as we know it today), but some where else.



The Author explains the ancient writings that tell us a great many straight forward facts relating to Troy and the Trojan War which show it was not located in the Greek and Turkish Mediterranean area. A few examples are: The Achaeans built 1186 ships for their attack on Troy, they could have travelled the short distance overland far quicker and cheaper if Troy really had been in the Greek and Turkish Mediterranean setting.

The Turkish setting had no nearby bay or port large enough to accommodate anything near the size of Achaean fleet.

The Turkish setting plain is not large enough to accommodate the invading army of about 100,000 men and the long pursuits in horse-drawn chariots.

No bronze weapons have been found at the Turkish Troy site.

The Greek (Mycenaean) civilisation died out at the beginning of the Trojan War, so where not in a position to launching or sustain a large long term war.

Agamemnon took a full month to sail from his kingdom Argos to Ithaca, we know the trip takes less than 24 hours in the Mediterranean setting.

Odysseus claimed to have got home by travelling as a passenger on a ship going from Crete to Sidon (present day Saïda in Lebanon), but that is the opposite direction he needed to go in the Mediterranean setting.

The philosophy of Homer is very different from the beliefs of the Greeks who thought there were two opposite elements such as good and evil, Homer's writings reveal three such forces which are known Celtic notions, suggesting Homer was a Celt. The Author clearly shows in detail that not one of forty known characteristics of the City of Troy and the Trojan War plain fit the Mediterranean setting, but they all fit the plains near Cambridge and the Gog Magog Hills.



A few of the many other highlights are:



A very large number of Trojan War period bronze weapons have been found near Cambridge and date to 1200 BC (the time of Troy and the Trojan wars.



Homer details two large war dykes, none have been found in the Mediterranean setting, but two still exist near Cambridge.



The discovery of Mycenae (home of Agamemnon) and Argos (Agamemnon's kingdom) in France where remnants can still be found today.



The author also unravels and reveals the mystery of the Odyssey which in part was an oral maritime chart of the Atlantic, the Channel and the North Sea for Celtic sailors, as well as providing other information.



At the time, society as a whole was illiterate, there was no other way to pass on all kinds of important knowledge.



In summary, through 30 years of dedicated detective work the Author has discovered the location of Troy and the Trojan War and reveals all in stunning depth in this 2009 edition (newly revised and expanded).





The 2009 edition revisions include: The full reconstruction of the Trojan Battlefield in Cambridgeshire

An inventory of the countless archaeological finds dated to 1200 BC set out in the book Troy in England.

How the Odyssey was transmitted from Europe to Greece

The identity of Homer's Achaeans and their settling in Greece from western Europe

The third power active in the Mediterranean at the time, a vital part of the jigsaw.

An overview of the history of research at Hissarlik (Troy in Turkey)

Ithaca (Cadiz) elaborated in full detail as it played a major role in the Bronze Age.

A new Appendix 'The Trojan Kings of England' traces the Trojans and the royal lineage from King Priam of Troy to the British King Brutus.

A factual explanation of the Trojan Horse.

An improved Catalogue of Ships and Achaean Regiments 7 and 19 and the Trojan Regiments C, G and Q.



Contents



Part 1:The Mystery 1 Troy in Turkey 2 Myth and Reality 3 The Iliad and the Odyssey: A Message 4 The Twelve Keys to the Mystery (i) The Combatants (ii) The Ocean and the Tides (iii) The Climate (iv) The Vegetation (v) Horses (vi) Cattle (vii) The Food (viii) The Dykes (ix) Art and Customs (x) Religion (xi) Philosophy (xii) The Transfer of Place-names from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean Area 5 The Celts 6 Back to Square One





Part II: The World of the Iliad 1 Troy in England 2 The Resurrection or Troy 3 The Game or Troy 4 The Frontiers or the Troad (North Sea, Scotland, the Isle of Wight) 5 Egypt (Upper Normandy, France) 6 Crete (Scandinavia) 7 Ithaca (Cadiz, southern Spain) 8 Pylos and Sparta (southern Spain) 9 The Honeymoon of Paris and Helen (Isia Canela, southern Spain) 10 Nestor's Tale (the Cross-Channel Routes) 11 Argos and Mycenae (France and Troyes) 12 Seven Towns for Achilles! (Ardennes and Rhineland) 13 Back to Egypt 14 Celtic Territory in 1200 BC 15 The Fleet in Aulis (north Jutland, Denmark) 16 Libya (south-west France) 17 The Island of Syria (Ireland) 18 More Discoveries (i) Olympus (ii) Thrace (iii)The Phoenicians (iv)The Pirates: Taphians and Thesprotians (v)Cyprus (vi)Sicily (vii)Ethiopia





Part III: The World of the Odyssey 1 The Odyssey. Reality and Symbolism 2 Navigation in the Bronze Age 3 Odysseus' Itinerary 4 Ismarus, Town of the Cicones (Finistere, Brittany) 5 Cape Malea (Cape St Vincent, south-west Portugal) 6 The Land of the Lotus-eaters (Senegal) 7 The Land of the Cyclopes (Cape Verde Islands) 8 The Aeolian Isle (Saba, Netherlands Antilles) 9 The Land of the Laestrygonians (Cuba) 10 Aeaea, the Island of Circe (Schouwen, south-west Netherlands) 11 Hades (The Island of Walcheren, south-west Netherlands) 12 Circe-Nehalennia in Zeeland (south-west Netherlands) 13 The Tin Route (Sirens, Scylla and Charybdis, Thrinacia) 14 The Sirens' Song (the Solent, southern England) 15 Scylla and Charybdis (Mount's Bay, Cornwall) 16 Thrinacia (Land's End, Cornwall) 17 Ogygia, the Island of Calypso (St Miguel, the Azores) 18 Scheria, the Island of the Phaeacians (Lanzarote, the Canary Islands) 19 Odysseus Finally Returns to Ithaca (Cadiz, south-west Spain) 20 The Destiny of the Gods 21 Who was Homer? Part IV: The Catalogue of Ships 1 Where did all the Warriors come from? 2 The Achaean Army 3 The Trojan Army Appendix Explanatory Notes 1-24 The Trojan Kings of England Select Bibliography Index





Maps The World of the Iliad 1 Troy in Turkey 2 Troy in England 3 The Trojan Battlefield in England 4 The Helle Sea {Hellespontos): the North Sea 5 Storm in the Channel 6 Ithaca: Cadiz, southern Spain 7 Cross-Channel Routes 8 The Seven Towns(Pylos I): Ardennes and Rhineland 9 Territory of the warring parties, 1200 BC 10 Celtic territory, 500 BC 11 Telepylos ('the Remote Harbour'): Havana, Cuba 12 'Deep-soiled' Phthia: the delta of the Rhine, Meuse and Schelde rivers 13 Thrinacia: Land's End 14 Crete: Scandinavia 15 Argos and Mycenae: France and Troyes 16 Ithaca, Pylos II and Sparta: southern Spain 17 Achaean and Pelasgian Argos: the Netherlands and Belgium 18 Dodona, Thaumacia and Rhodes: Germany, Switzerland and Austria 19 The Troad, Phrygia II and Caria: England, Scotland and Wales 20 The Iliad in Greece and Turkey 21 The wanderings of Ulysses in the Mediterranean The World of the Odyssey





Select Bibliography Translations of the Iliad and the Odyssey A.T. Murray, (with text in ancient Greek), Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and William Heinemann Ltd, London. ( 4 Vols.; many reprints since 1924). E.V. Rieu, Guild Publishing, London ; Penguin Classics, Harmondsworth, 1969 and 1970(2 Vols.). Archaeology and History Bord, J. and C., Ancient Mysteries of Britain, Paladin, Grafton Books, 1987. Bosch-Guimpera, Les Indo-Europeens, Payot, Paris, 1989. Briard, J., L'age du bronze en Europe, Errance, Paris, 1985. Fell, B., America B.C., Ancient Settlers in the New World, revised edition, Pocket Book, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1989. Geoffrey of Monmouth, The History of the Kings of Britain, translated from the Latin by Lewis Thorpe, Penguin, 1966 and 1986. Hall, D., and Coles, J., Fenland Survey, English Heritage, London, 1994. Hondius-Krone, A., The Temple ofNehalennia at Domburg, Meulenhoff, Amsterdam,1955. Hutton, R., The Stations of the Sun, Oxford University Press, 1997. Muir, R., Reading the Celtic Landscapes, Michael Joseph, London, 1985. Parker Pearson, M., Bronze Age Britain, English Heritage, London, 1993. Pennick, N., Celtic Sacred Landscapes, Thames and Hudson, New York, 1996. Pryor, E, Flag Fen, Prehistoric Fenland Centre, English Heritage, London, 1991. Sandars, N.K., The Sea Peoples, 1250-1150 BC, Thames & Hudson, London, 1978. Siebler, M., Troja-Homer-Schliemann, Mythos undWahrheit, Von Zabern, Mainz-am-Rhein, 1990. Stuart, P., Nehalennia, I VI 0, Amsterdam, 1970. Sudhoff, H., Sorry Columbus, Seefahrer der Antike entdecken Amerika, Gustav Liibbe Verlag, Bergisch Gladbach, 1990. Taylor, A., Archaeology of Cambridgeshire, Vol.2, Cambridgeshire County Council, 1998. Traill, D., Schliemann of Troy, Treasure and Deceit, John Murray, London, 1995. Velikovsky, E., Peoples of the Sea, Doubleday & Co, New York, 1977. Wilkes.J., The Illyrians, Blackwell, Oxford, 1992. Wood, M., In Search of the Trojan War, BBC Books, London, 1985. The Celts Berresford Ellis, P., Celt and Greek, Celts in the Hellenic World, Constable, London, 1997. ---, The Celtic Empire, Guild Publishing, London, 1990. Chadwick, N., The Celts, Penguin, 1985. Cunliff, B., The Celtic World, Bodley Head, London, 1979. Delaney, R, The Celts, BBC Publications, London, 1985. Dillon, M., and Chadwick, N., The Celtic Realms, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London 1967. Duval, P-M., Les Celtes, Gallimard, Paris, 1977. Hubert, H., The Greatness and Decline of the Celts, (translated from the French), 2 Vols., Constable, London, 1987. Le Roux, R, and Guyonvarc'h, CJ., Les Dru'ides, Ouest-France Universite, 1986. Markale, Les Celtes, Payot, Paris, 1973. Muir, P., Reading the Celtic Landscapes, Michael Joseph, London, 1985. Newark, T, Celtic Warriors, Guild Publishing, London, 1986. Pigott, S., The Druids, Thames & Hudson, 2nd ed. London 1986, Penguin, 1974. Powell, T.G.E., The Celts, Thames & Hudson, London, 1985. Ross, A., The Pagan Celts, Batsford, London, 1986. Religion and Mythology Berresford Ellis, P., The Dictionary of Celtic Mythology, Constable, London, 1992. Boyer, R., and Lot-FaIck, E., Les religions de I'Europe du Nord, Fayard-Denoel, Paris, 1974. Campbell, J., The Masks of God, Penguin Books, 1985 (4 Vols.). Dumezil, G., Les dieux souverains des Indo-Europeens, Bibliotheque des Sciences Humaines, Paris, 1977. Graves, R., The White Goddess, Faber & Faber, London, 1952. Green, M., The Gods of the Celts, Allan Sutton, Gloucester, 1986. MacCana, Celtic Mythology, Newness Books, 1987. Rutherford, W., Celtic Mythology, Aquarian Press, Wellingborough, 1987. Vries, J. de, La religion des Celtes, (translated from the German), Payot, Paris, 1984. Symbolism Baily, A.A., The Labours of Hercules, Lucis Trust, 1981. Emmanuel, R., Pleins feux sur la Grece antique. La mythologie vue par ses Ecoles des Mysteres, Dervy-Livres, Paris, 1982. Illustrated Works Duval, P.M., Les Celtes, Gallimard, Paris, 1977. Eluere, C., Lor des Celtes, (The Gold of the Celts), Bibliotheque des Arts, Paris, 1987. Kruta, V., The Celts in the West, Orbis Publishing, London, 1985. Ministere de la Culture, Tresor des Princes Celtes, Edit. de la Reunion, Paris, 1987. Moscati, S., The Celts, Bompiani, Milan, 1991. Reference Works Bauer, W., Diimotz, I. and Golowin, S., Lexikon der Symbole, Fourier Verlag, Wiesbaden, 1985. Chevalier, J. and Gheerbrant, A., Dictionnaire des symboles, Laffont/Jupiter, Paris, 1987. Gittenberger, R, and Weiss, H., Zeeland in Oude Kaarten (Zealand on Ancient Maps), Lannoo, Bussum; and Mappamundi, London, 1983. Grimal, P., The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, (translated from the French), Blackwell Reference, Oxford, 1986. Pei, M., The Story of Language, New American Library / Meridian, Harper and Row, New York, 1984.





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