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A single viral tweet last week shone a light on the huge chasm opening up in British politics. It revealed the results of an ICM poll showing 73 percent of voters between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four backing the Labour Party in the upcoming general election, with only 15 percent backing the Conservative Party. The corresponding statistic expressed the opposing intentions of the elderly; among the over-sixty-fives, only some 20 percent will cast their votes for Jeremy Corbyn’s party, with 64 percent backing the incumbent Tory government. A series of polls produced this weekend made it clear how important this would be for the general election. With the raw data similar across the six companies who surveyed, the Tory margin varied from double digits in ICM and ComRes to four points with YouGov and a single point with Survation. The difference owed to whether the pollsters believed young voters would turn out on June 8. It wasn’t always like this. Even as they won elections in 1997, 2001, and 2005, Labour only won the youth vote by between 10 and 18 percent. In the most recent election they won under-twenty-fours by only sixteen points. So what is behind today’s dramatic surge in their youth support?

Lost Generation “A new divide has opened up in Britain,” according to a recent survey from the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC), “between the young and older people. During the recession and up to 2013, people under thirty-four experienced the steepest fall in incomes and (especially for those aged sixteen to twenty-four) employment, less access to decent housing and better-paid jobs, and deepening poverty.” Young people in Britain, they said, faced “the worst economic prospects in several generations.” Unemployment has become a generalized social issue, with nearly 12.4 percent of all young people unemployed — a figure massaged by large numbers working a handful of hours per week on zero-hours contracts or in Job Centre schemes. A slightly smaller number — 11.5 percent — are neither in any education, employment, or training, the bulk of these being distributed in former industrial areas of the North, Scotland and Wales, the inner cities, and ethnic minority communities. The constant worry of decent housing has morphed into an increasingly bitter issue; within a decade, it is estimated that nine out of ten working-class people under the age of thirty-five will be indefinitely priced out of home ownership. Rent — particularly in London, where young people often move for work — is astonishingly expensive, depriving the overwhelming majority of any surplus cash from their wage packet. Meanwhile, mean-spirited housing benefit cuts and the lack of affordable accommodation means that thousands of Britain’s young people face the prospect of homelessness. This situation was compounded by concerted government attacks on young people in recent years. Despite widespread direct action and a historic protest movement, tuition fees tripled to £9,000 under the Tory-Lib Dem coalition. The surprise abolition of the Education Maintenance Allowance (EMA) blindsided and economically crippled the prospects of working-class sixteen-to-eighteen-year-olds who relied on grant support for higher education. In the cultural sphere, successive administrations attacked youth facilities and services with unbridled aggression, while the mass closure of sites for cultural development and expression — community centers, music venues, practice spaces, and locally funded art galleries — have taken place in order to satisfy wealthy flat owners irritated by crowds or to limit local government spending. For young people in Britain, faced with a horizon that seems to offer only declining living standards, Jeremy Corbyn’s Labour Party is a rare glimmer of light. And, accordingly, they have been its most reliable supporters.

Corbyn Summer From the moment Corbyn made it onto the ballot to stand for the leadership of the Labour Party, his campaign was characterized by an explosion in youth involvement. In an internal debate where every other candidate was effectively on the same page in terms of austerity, the direction of the party and the future of the country, the long-term left-winger was singing from a different hymn sheet. Corbyn’s promise to bring about a new, more democratic politics, his principled opposition to war, and his record campaigning against austerity offered what seemed to be a new path in British politics. Young workers and students were center stage in his campaign. Tens of thousands flocked to the party as members and supporters, prompting the New Statesman to headline an article, “Who’s Backing Jeremy Corbyn? The Young.” It included a telling observation: Hearing Tristram Hunt on the Today programme yesterday, plumming off about how Corbyn supporters want to return to a “comfort zone of Labour politics” and how if Corbyn wins Labour will become little more than a “pressure group” because being an “anti-austerity populist party isn’t going to get us into government” didn’t make me “see sense” as Hunt probably intended. It just made me think, “Screw you all, you don’t deserve to be in government.” From what other young new Labour recruits have been telling me, I’m not alone in thinking this. The sneering attitude of senior Labour figures greatly helped Corbyn’s rise, with young people resenting the idea that they should vote for the party at election time but have no meaningful say over its policies, structures, or leadership. The spirit and vigor of the “Corbyn summer” was a marked difference to the 2015 Labour general election campaign. When, in early 2015, it was revealed that approximately a million voters — the vast majority of them under thirty — had vanished from the electoral register, the response of Ed Miliband’s Labour was characteristically half-hearted. The “Shape Your Future” project headed by the MP Ivan Lewis sought to create a “manifesto for young Britain,” but delivered the sort of drab and unsatisfactory wonkery that characterized the triangulating leadership. In pledging to destroy unemployment benefits for under-twenty-ones and maintain Tory education cuts, Labour’s pitch to the young received scant enthusiasm. A bump in the youth vote would have deprived the Tories of a majority in 2015. But in the end it was no surprise that a mere 40 percent of young people turned out to vote. As a bitter lesson learned, those behind the Corbyn campaign in 2015 produced a vibrant and engaging youth manifesto. In addition to scrapping tuition fees and capping rents, it promised a reversal of grant cuts, an end to discrimination against young people in benefits, and a statutory living wage for all. True to his word, these proposals are now to be found in the party’s 2017 general election manifesto which, if implemented, would immensely improve the quality of life for young people in Britain.

The Campaign The two years since the leadership election were more challenging for Project Corbyn — but it retained a strong youth support throughout. Corbyn-supporting pressure group Momentum provided an avenue for many that had previously been active in campaigning, a reality that was brought home by the young profile at the World Transformed conference it organized during the Labour Party conference. But Young Labour groups inside the party also flourished and, with Corbyn-supporting candidates winning election to national positions, the organization backed him solidly in his reelection campaign. Recent months have seen younger activists focusing on the general election, with a hugely successful voter-registration drive. As a partial result of their work — and of the enthusiasm generated on social media by the campaign — over 1.05 million young people have been added to the electoral register since the election was called. During the campaign itself, Momentum has taken this to a new level. Its array of election interventions have included bringing in full-timers from the Bernie Sanders campaign to conduct canvassing workshops; flooding marginal seats with young, enthusiastic canvassers through a new app; and facilitating online phone-banking for its members. Other groups have also grown in significance, such as the Young Labour Trade Unionist Network, which organized local and national days of action for union-sponsored MPs. Popular culture has also been influential. The Grime4Corbyn campaign brought prominent figures from Britain’s most popular music scene together to not only endorse Labour but campaign for voter registration and spread the message of the party’s manifesto. Corbyn himself also spoke at cultural events, including a Libertines concert in Wirral, at the home of Tranmere Rovers Football Club, where he was greeted by an audience of young supporters chanting his name. Distant, it seems, are the days when Labour could merely muster TV hardman Ross Kemp (who backed the coup against Corbyn in 2016) or tiresome Blairite comedian Eddie Izzard to rally the cause. In cultural relevance and dynamism the Corbyn campaign will be remembered for outdoing Red Wedge, the eighties movement once seen as the height of cultural intervention in electoral politics. But will it be enough? Almost two-thirds of young people described themselves as “certain” to vote in a recent poll, a marked improvement. But it would still not be enough to overcome the gap to the Tories. The final third of young people who disproportionately back Corbyn’s Labour but aren’t yet convinced of the utility of voting for it must be won over too. And there are plans in place to make it happen. A plan is already underway to mobilize huge numbers of Labour activists on election day — the party has called on as many as can do so to take the day off — and target particularly turnout among young voters in marginal constituencies.