TEL AVIV—Israel on Thursday barred U.S. congresswomen Rashida Tlaib and Ilhan Omar from entering the country amid pressure from President Trump, who said allowing them in “would show great weakness.”

The first-term Democrats were supposed to arrive this weekend for a several-day tour and had planned visits to Jerusalem and the West Bank cities of Bethlehem, Hebron and Ramallah. U.S. lawmakers routinely visit Israel and the Palestinian territories, but Ms. Tlaib and Ms. Omar had drawn fire from Mr. Trump and others because...