Toyota

Toyota

Toyota

Toyota

Toyota

Appearing like a large dimpled egg, the Concept-i autonomous car was unveiled by Toyota at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas as a true design concept; a canvas stitched with ideas for a warmer, more engaging, connected autonomous car of the future. Its hypothetical on-sale date is 2030, although Toyota freely admits that it has virtually no plans to put the Concept-i into production.

The most problematic trend in autonomous cars, Toyota says, is that they simply do not appeal to the touchy-feely sentiment we humans have when it comes to our emotional connection with cars. Fully autonomous concepts have thus far been cold, distant, and purgatorial, Toyota posits. No more. Toyota's future eggmobile puts a cheeky face on the future of driving and is even fitted with Yui, a synthetic AI car butler/pal/servant who will learn your likes and dislikes behind the wheel. Just as importantly, though, the Concept-i is also drivable by humans, so you need not feel like luggage all the time.

Clearly, Toyota already perceives a backlash against AI and potentially intrusive technologies into our lives, one extension of which is the soulless, flavorless, robot-car that the automotive world is racing toward.

"This is what Toyota thinks driving will look and feel like in 2030," declared Ian Cartabiano, Toyota's CALTY design studio chief in California. "We're going to have autonomous cars, but we want them to be fun while they're autonomous." In other words, with this concept car, Toyota envisions a friendly future, not a foreboding one.

This is sharply ironic coming from a brand many feel offers boring cars, but it wasn't always thus. Let us not forget the 1980s and early '90s, when Toyota birthed not only the Supra, but the MR2. It took WRC Rally competition so seriously in 1995 that it famously cheated by inventing an extra air inlet passageway in its turbochargers that was essentially invisible under inspection. This generated about 50 more horsepower than competitors and got the company banned from the WRC in 1996. And the 24 Hours of Le Mans was Toyota's for the taking in 2016, until a connector failure between the turbo and intercooler hobbled the car, literally on the last lap. So, yes, Toyota can be a kind of sleeping giant, and someone inside the giant—perhaps named Yui—is trying to poke it awake.

From a pure design standpoint, Cartabiano rejects the notion of a smart phone or tablet with wheels, something he finds all too common in autonomous future-car thinking. Toyota's guiding design principle, therefore is what they call "kinetic warmth."

"The Concept-i imparts movement, but in a very friendly way," Cartabiano said. "We want to combine AI, but we also want a different level of warmth. We want to retain the fun of driving, of engagement and the human hand. We seek liveliness, sculpture, emotion, and warmth."

Usually, car design begins with the exterior, but Concept-i started from the inside, with Cartabiano's team spending five months asking themselves "what is the future?" and forging a philosophy before even sketching a single thing.

They also forbade sketching cars until necessary. Cartabiano directed team designers to look to art, sculpture, furniture, and large-scale installations for inspiration.

"Once we set that kinetic warmth concept inside and out, and we set the notion that Yui would move around the car, that allowed us to not only work on the user experience, but it gave us a different form language," he told Ars.

Interestingly, Concept-i actually breaks the 3D plane from traditional cabin space to the outside, bringing both outside in and inside out.

All artificial intelligence personae need a name, from HAL 9000 in 2001: A Space Odyssey to personal assistants like Alexa and Siri. The Concept-i's is called Yui, who appears in the center of the dashboard like an animated parabola with a circle or funny eye in the middle, presenting information all around the car, inside and outside. Again, accent on friendliness was the guiding light. The team considered 3D graphics and holograms but instead chose a simple, cartoon-like visage. It's fully flexible and conveys mannerisms and emotion, calling attention to certain things when needed.

It can't be overlooked that the Concept-i is not just a design exercise, but also bears the mark of safety studies and asks a question few have asked in the autonomous dialogue: how safe is safe enough? Toyota Research Institute's CEO, Gill Pratt, poses the question. "We tolerate human error, but we expect machines to do better," said Pratt. "We had 35,000 fatalities on [US] roads last year. If we build an autonomous car that drives as safely as a human, would that achieve success? Would we accept that figure if the car provides enough convenience, but no safety improvement? And then, emotionally, would we accept that performance from a machine? Toyota doesn't feel that way. What if it were twice as safe, and we [reduce] the fatality rate to 17,500? Would we then accept it? Historically, we've accepted zero flaws from machines, so we need to answer this question. But one thing is very clear. We don't have this answer yet." While this is all true, I believe we will never have a clear, definitive, universally accepted answer to this question.

Again, CALTY Design Chief Ian Cartabiano: "Yui must communicate not only with the driver, but with other passengers in the car, plus others literally outside the car because the relationship of humans and cars is not limited to the inside. Pedestrians, other cars, and the people in those other cars have a need for information, as well."

When the Concept-i awakes, a puck-like shape—a momentary embodiment of Yui—rises from the center console prompting you to engage a start function. But Yui cannot be held to one location. She appears on all the interior surfaces, conveying information, depicting scenes, even flashing a moving arc along the headliner to the back of the car when she detects an obstacle to backing up before the car moves, drawing your attention (and that of the passengers) to the rear of the car.

One impressive part is that all these graphics are born out of the panels on which they appear; they are not projected onto them. Yui also relocates to exterior LEDs, communicating externally to pedestrians, bicyclists, or other car occupants: "Watch out!!" "Turning right." (Can a Yui that reminds you to "Eat your veggies!!" be far behind?) Yui will also transport to your smartphone.

But Yui is not limited to a figure inside the car. Eyes in the place of headlamps at the front of Concept-i lurk beneath the paint so that when you come close, they open up like eyelids. Doors communicate with you, forming messages: "Hello." "Goodbye." "Tie your shoes." Shades of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy's Heart of Gold?

The interior and exterior are lit with two distinct colors, depending on driving mode: purple for self-driving and green for human-driving. Design Chief Cartabiano told me later that all these softer indicators are borne of a very old Japanese principle of hospitality, "omotenashi."

Omotenashi literally means "the Japanese way of treating a guest," but it also provides context. Most importantly, it lends a welcoming spirit with warmth, understanding, and respect. The principle of Omotenashi appears and recedes almost invisibly.

Toyota's Concept-i hints at a friendlier future in autonomous cars and artificial intelligence than many fear. Imagine if it could actually be built.

Listing image by Toyota