Protesters have hit the streets in north-eastern Spain after the country’s Supreme Court on Monday sentenced nine of the 12 accused Catalan separatist leaders to between nine and 13 years in prison.

The 12 were accused of sedition over their roles in the region’s 2017 failed bid for independence.

Protesters blocked five regional roads across Catalonia, officials at the Catalan road traffic agency said on Monday.

Several streets in Barcelona were also blocked by protests, including parts of Diagonal avenue, which crosses the whole city, local police said. There were also protests in several big Catalan municipalities, such as Girona and Lleida.

Train tracks were briefly blocked outside Girona, a separatist stronghold, rail operator Rodalies said on Twitter.

The independence leaders’ sentences were lower than demanded by the prosecution – which had sought up to 25 years behind bars for former Catalan Vice President Oriol Junqueras.

Who are the 12 Catalan separatist leaders? Catalan vice president: 13 years

– Oriol Junqueras, who became the main defendant after former Catalan president Carles Puigdemont fled to Belgium to avoid prosecution, was handed a 13-year jail term for sedition and misuse of public funds. Prosecutors had called for a 25-year sentence on the more serious grounds of rebellion. A former historian who heads the leftwing ERC party, Junqueras, 50, was charged by Puigdemont with organising the referendum which was followed by a short-lived declaration of independence. Arrested in November 2017, this portly politician, who has been a lifelong supporter of Catalan independence, has spent nearly two years in pre-trial detention. Parliament speaker: 11.5 years

– Like Junqueras, Carme Forcadell, the former speaker of the Catalan regional parliament, was convicted of sedition, with the 64-year-old handed a sentence of 11 years and six months. A former head of the Catalan National Assembly (ANC), a civil society group responsible for organising mass pro-independence rallies, Forcadell was accused of ignoring legal warnings about pushing through laws which laid the ground for the referendum and for secession. Grassroots leaders: Nine years

– The Supreme Court also handed sentences of nine years to Jordi Sanchez and Jordi Cuixart, two influential civic leaders who were convicted of sedition for calling huge rallies to try and stop the police from following a court order to halt the referendum. Known as ‘Los Jordis’, the pair were repeatedly flagged by the separatists as “political prisoners”, with Amnesty International calling for their release, denouncing the charges against them as “unfounded”. At the time of the referendum, Sanchez, now 55, was head of the ANC, while Cuixart, 44, was and still is leader of Omnium Cultural. Both were placed in pre-trial detention on October 16, 2017 for calling a demonstration outside a public building as it was being searched by police, preventing them from leaving. Nobody was hurt but several police cars were damaged. Regional ministers: 10.5 – 12 years

– Five former regional ministers were handed sentences ranging from 10 years and six months to 12 years. Among them were Joaquim Forn, 55, who, as Catalan interior minister at the time, was responsible for regional policing and let the referendum go ahead. Also in the dock were Josep Rull, 51, Raul Romeva, 48, Dolors Bassa, 60, and Jordi Turull, 53. Three others: 60,000-euro fine

Three other former regional ministers, who faced lesser charges, escaped jail time and were handed fines of around 60,000 euro ($66,000). Santi Vila, 46, resigned from the Catalan government on the eve of the independence declaration in late October 2017; Carles Mundo, 43, and Meritxell Borras, 55. AFP

“The Supreme Court has condemned Oriel Junqueras to 13 years of prison… on grounds of sedition and the misuse of public funds,” the ruling said.

The three other defendants in the landmark ruling were found guilty only of disobedience and not sentenced to prison. All defendants were acquitted of the most severe charge, rebellion.

The separatists were charged for their role in organising a referendum on the secession of the northeastern region of Catalonia from the Spanish state in October 2017.

‘Atrocity’

The former head of Catalonia’s regional government Carles Puigdemont reacted sharply to the verdict, terming it an “atrocity”.

“It is time to react … for the future of our sons and daughters. For democracy. For Europe. For Catalonia,” he wrote on Twitter.

Puigdemont was the head of the Spanish region at the time of the independence bid but was not part of this trial because he fled to Belgium, where he now lives in self-imposed exile.

Al Jazeera’s Sonia Gallego, reporting from the Spanish city of Barcelona, said: “The significance of this verdict is that it doesn’t carry the full weight of that more serious charge of rebellion.

“That was apparently what one of the prosecutors was actually calling for,” she added.

However, Gallego said that it was still a “hefty” sentence.

All nine sentenced were banned from running or participating in public office – as well as the other three defendants who will face a nominal ban for 10 months, she reported.

“This is likely to cause a lot of anger among the pro-secessionists here [in Catalonia].”

Worst political crisis in years

The government and the Spanish opposition, however, have welcomed the court’s decision.

“The sentence must be carried out and complied with,” Jose Luis Abalos, the acting public works minister told public broadcaster TVE.

“In Catalonia, there is a need for clear and responsible leadership on behalf of separatists.”

The leader of the opposition People’s Party said that Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez must affirm that he “will not pardon those convicted” and that he would on the side of the government “preserve public order and to avoid violent attitudes in the streets”.

The separatist leaders’ failed attempt to secede from the European nation had sparked the worst political crisis in decades.

Junqueras’ left-wing ERC party has said dialogue would not be possible without an “amnesty” for “political prisoners and those in exile”.

Barcelona Football Club also tweeted its own response to the ruling, saying: “Prison is not the solution.

“The resolution of the conflict in Catalonia must come exclusively from political dialogue.”

The separatist movement is hoping the guilty verdicts will unite their divided ranks and bring supporters onto the streets.

“It is time to rise up against the authoritarian fascism of the Spanish state and its accomplices,” tweeted the radical CDR, whose activists briefly blocked Barcelona’s Sants station on Sunday and cut traffic on one of its main streets. “It is time for the #PopularRevolt.”

“Democratic Tsunami”, a newly formed group set up to coordinate the response, called on demonstrators to meet in Barcelona’s Plaza Cataluna on Monday afternoon, while the Catalan National Assembly (ANC) and Omnium Cultural, the region’s two biggest grassroots pro-independence groups, have called an evening rally.

In coming days, demonstrators will march from five towns towards Barcelona where they will congregate on Friday, when a general strike has been called.

Spanish authorities have deployed hundreds of extra police to the region in anticipation of the ruling.

With this verdict, the government will be hoping to turn the page on the crisis and resume dialogue with the wealthy northeastern region where support for independence has been gaining momentum over the past decade, though it is unlikely to quell desires or dim the popularity of the movement’s leaders.