At Appfolio we often have guest speakers from the software community come in and present topics at our internal tech talks. Three months ago we had guest speaker Woody Zuill here to describe a practice he and his team use called Mob Programming.

We already encourage our developers to pair program due to the numerous advantages we find that it provides. These advantages include having two sets of eyes on a problem and having mentorship between more and less senior developers. Mob programming takes the idea of pair programming to its extreme. The basic concept is to have everyone on the team take part in a collaborative coding session, with one person as the driver and everyone else as navigators.

When Woody began talking to us, he showed us a time-lapse video of his team during their typical work day, with large text over the screen pitching the concept of mob programming. The letters at one point read “Using this technique the team has achieved 10x productivity”. Needless to say, I was a bit skeptical. The rest of the presentation dove into the details of how Woody and his team use mob programming, but the basic concept was easy to understand. The question is, can having your entire team (usually 5-7 people in Woody’s video) focused on the same task using the same screen, keyboard, mouse, and editor actually be better than more traditional methods?

After the talk, my team discussed what we liked and disliked about the idea of mob programming. Since at Appfolio teams can adopt and practice new techniques without any sort of approval, we decided that we’d give mob programming a shot. If it worked then we’d have a valuable new tool. If not then no real harm done besides possibly being a few commits behind. With that in mind, we hijacked a conference room and got to work.

The first feature we tried the new technique out on was very UI heavy. Having the whole team (three developers and one QA engineer) present helped out not only in visual design decisions, but also in remembering which CSS styles to use where. Not to mention, asking product managers or UX specialists to come join the mob for questions and group conversation was very easy.

We finished the feature in considerably less time than we thought it would take, yet still had a very high quality, well tested piece of software. Having other developers around kept us accountable for having good test coverage, using good design patterns, and refactoring any nasty code we’re currently touching.

We’ve since worked on many other features using the technique and found our experience to, for the most part, be more of the same. Recently, it has been especially useful having so many eyes to look at some of the more critical changes we have been working on, such as enhancements to the payments platform. Despite our success, it doesn’t mean that there aren’t downsides or that mob programming works for everyone.

How can we evaluate whether or not a software development technique is better than any other? As far as I can tell, there are at least four things we can try to measure.

1) How productive is the team? (i.e. how much gets done per unit of time)

2) How high quality is the product? (not only customer facing quality but also code quality)

3) How much are team members learning? (do less experienced team members get mentoring)

4) How happy are the individuals on the team? (do you go home happier at the end of the day)

Unsurprisingly, the team did not achieve 10x productivity. In fact, we found our productivity to be almost the same as it was before. We’re not sure how Woody’s team measured their productivity increase, or what their workflow looked like before, but it seems that our findings were not the same here. Is it worth mob programming solely based on productivity boosts? Your mileage may vary, but as far as we’re concerned it’s a resounding no.

Is the product higher quality? Is there better test coverage? Is the code idiomatic and does it follow best practices? Are the chances of a bug crawling into the product minimized? From our experience this is the most emphatic yes of all the concerns listed above. Not only does having everyone together increase accountability and awareness, but mistakes that may be made by more junior developers are more likely to be caught. Furthermore, when our QA engineer was in the mob, he gained a much better sense of how to go about testing the feature as thoroughly as possible.

How much learning is going on? This question doesn’t really have a straightforward answer. Yes, more senior developers get to spread expertise to the less senior ones, and that is enormously useful, but that’s not all that is involved in learning. Personally, I know that sometimes I just need some time to myself to dive into unfamiliar code and figure out what is going on. When the mob is working, people not at the keyboard can’t pause time and open a rails console to experiment, and they can’t go down the rabbit hole of some large stack of functions to find out what’s really going on. And while those at the keyboard may physically be able to do so, they probably shouldn’t if they want the other team members to stay engaged.

Do we go home happier at the end of the day? It’s hard to tell really. I do enjoy getting to interact with all of my team members all day, but it’s honestly a little draining sometimes. Being a fairly introverted person myself, the constant interaction is more of an energy drain than a lot of my previous work at the company, despite possibly being more fun. By the end of the work day I often find myself anxious to get home and recharge with a good book or a show on Netflix.

What other pitfalls might exist? For one, we’ve found that having three developers seems to be the magic number, at least for us. Any more and we’d experience a decrease in productivity without an equally valuable increase in quality, learning, or happiness. Most of our teams have four developers, so this might explain why we are the only team that I am aware of who has tried mob programming and stuck with it. On that note, is it still a mob with only three developers? (Lately our QA engineer seems to get caught up in other work much of the time, despite spending a lot of time in the mob initially) In addition, keeping everyone engaged is important. If one or two people dominate the conversation, it’s pretty easy for others to completely lose focus or get bored. If you find yourself losing focus often, try to be the driver more.

If you do decide to try mob programming, here are a few suggestions that we found work for us:

1) Keep track of time. We have timer cubes that allow whoever is at the keyboard to pick how long they want to drive. Once the timer goes off, switch to a new person.

2) Get a big screen. We started out using large television screens in conference rooms and after getting kicked out of enough rooms we decided to just swipe a nice 50 inch LED screen and put it in our team’s normal work area.

3) Try to merge everyones’ preferred bash/git aliases together to minimize “command not found” errors at the terminal. On the same note, try to have everyones’ editor of choice available. We have two VIM users and one RubyMine user on the team, but we’re all comfortable with both after working together.

So that’s about it. We plan on sticking with mob programming on our team for the short term. However, none of the other teams are still using it. Will we keep using it? Who knows. Yes for the short term, but probably not forever, especially considering how often we rotate teams to spread knowledge. Should you use mob programming? It’s hard to say for sure, but I definitely recommend giving it a try.