“I’ve said repeatedly there should be Democratic unity; the two sides should check their egos at the door and unify,” Mr. Cuomo said the day after the election, adding: “For the I.D.C. to go back to the conference, the Senate Democratic Conference, they both have to want to do it.”

Despite Mr. Cuomo’s remarks, many activists nevertheless blame the governor — who is not shy about using his considerable clout and political skills when he needs to — for failing to find a solution to a intraparty split, one that dates almost precisely to the beginning of Mr. Cuomo’s first term in 2011 and has allowed him to rule the state from the political center.

“We all believe that it wouldn’t exist if it wasn’t for Cuomo’s encouraging it to exist,” said Arthur Z. Schwartz, the treasurer for the New York Progressive Action Network.

The governor’s office flatly rejects the idea that the governor gains anything from Democratic dysfunction. They tout the “unprecedented social and economic progress” during his nearly seven years in office, and cite his push to legalize same-sex marriage, increase the minimum wage, establish paid family leave and raise the age of criminal responsibility to 18. But groups like Mr. Schwartz’s have still managed to amplify their message of dissatisfaction in recent months with protests, online advertising and collaboration with other grass-roots groups.

Mr. Cuomo and his surrogates have placed a large part of the blame for the fissure in Democratic ranks on Michael N. Gianaris, the deputy leader of the mainstream Democrats, who count 23 members in their ranks. Mr. Gianaris, a state senator from Queens, has been outspoken in criticism of the I.D.C., and is generally known to not get along with Mr. Klein.

On Tuesday, a spokeswoman for Mr. Cuomo, Dani Lever, pushed back hard on the idea that the troubles among Democrats has anything to do with her boss.

“The governor has been very forceful both publicly and privately and believes both sides will pay a hefty political price if they don’t put their egos aside,” Ms. Lever said. “If it doesn’t end now, the I.D.C. will be seen as disloyal Democrats and opposed in primaries, and the conference leadership will have once again failed the Democratic Party by refusing to put their agendas aside and unify the conference.”