Data sent back by New Horizons since the spacecraft's Pluto flyby has brought many surprises about the mysterious dwarf planet. Five new studies published on Thursday now take a more in-depth look at Pluto and its makeup. Photo: NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI

THE most detailed look at Pluto’s surface to date has revealed an unexpected range of mountains, glacial flows, smooth plains and other landscapes, according to new studies.

The New York Post reports that the unprecedented window into the so-called dwarf planet, which orbits the sun like other planets but is smaller, comes via high-resolution photographs from NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft. The interplanetary space probe made the first-ever visit to Pluto and its five moons last July.

Those images, chemical analyses and other data show a complex, geologically active world 3 billion miles from Earth, with an underground ocean and volcanoes that appear to spew ice, five research papers published in this week’s Science journal said.

Pluto's 'Unprecedented' Ice Provinces and Other Surprises from NASA's New Horizons - See @ https://t.co/1H2jHPbSim pic.twitter.com/djfcbBFOFG — 2020.FM (@2020dotFM) March 17, 2016

“It’s a pretty wild place geologically,” said planetary scientist William McKinnon of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri.

It is dominated by different types of ices — methane in one place, nitrogen in another and water in yet another.

“I don’t know any other place in the entirety of the outer solar system where you see anything like this,” New Horizons principal investigator Alan Stern told Space.com. “The closest analogy is the Earth, where we see water-rich surfaces and rock-rich surfaces that are completely different.”

Another scientist described the diversity of landscapes as “astonishing.”

How the varied terrain came to be remains a mystery for the distant Pluto, which has an average surface temperature of minus 380 degrees Fahrenheit.

Scientists suspect several processes at work, including vaporisation of volatile ices, such as nitrogen, carbon monoxide and methane, into Pluto’s cold and unexpectedly compact atmosphere.

Though smaller than Earth’s moon, Pluto likely still has enough internal heat from its formation some 4.5 billion years ago to help maintain its most prominent feature, a smooth, 995-kilometre wide, heart-shaped basin known as Sputnik Planum.

New color pic of Pluto taken in July, 2015, has been returned by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft pic.twitter.com/rWsqIcZvb4 — Corby Waste (@MissionArtist) March 12, 2016

Relatively young mountains west of Sputnik Planum and mounds to the south are harder to explain. Scientists suspect both rest on blocks of water ice, though how that came to exist on Pluto is unknown.

“We are puzzled by almost everything,” Mr Stern said.

The studies show that Pluto’s primary moon, Charon, had an active life but ran out of naturally occurring radioactive heat in its rocks and froze through about 2 billion years ago.

Scientists now believe Charon and Pluto’s four other small moons owe their existence to a crash between Pluto and another Pluto-sized body early in the solar system’s history.

Similar to Earth’s moon, scientists suspect Pluto’s natural satellites were formed from the debris that was hurled into space after the crash.

This article originally appeared in The New York Post