The string or an array with strings to replace. If this parameter is a string and the pattern parameter is an array, all patterns will be replaced by that string. If both pattern and replacement parameters are arrays, each pattern will be replaced by the replacement counterpart. If there are fewer elements in the replacement array than in the pattern array, any extra pattern s will be replaced by an empty string.

replacement may contain references of the form

or $n , with the latter form being the preferred one. Every such reference will be replaced by the text captured by the n'th parenthesized pattern. n can be from 0 to 99, and \0 or $0 refers to the text matched by the whole pattern. Opening parentheses are counted from left to right (starting from 1) to obtain the number of the capturing subpattern. Note that backslashes in string literals may require to be escaped.

When working with a replacement pattern where a backreference is immediately followed by another number (i.e.: placing a literal number immediately after a matched pattern), you cannot use the familiar \1 notation for your backreference. \11 , for example, would confuse preg_replace() since it does not know whether you want the \1 backreference followed by a literal 1 , or the \11 backreference followed by nothing. In this case the solution is to use ${1}1 . This creates an isolated $1 backreference, leaving the 1 as a literal.