Mumbai/New Delhi: Indians have deposited nearly all the currency bills voided by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, denting the central bank’s profit and dealing a blow to his drive to unearth unaccounted wealth.

Banks have received Rs15.28 trillion ($239 billion), or 99% of the currency invalidated, the Reserve Bank of India said in its annual report on Wednesday. The government had initially estimated about Rs5 trillion wouldn’t be declared following the sudden move on 9 November, indicating that this was cash stashed away illegally to avoid tax. The cash ban prompted the central bank to print new currency, reducing its profit and cutting annual dividend payout to the government by half.

“This data proves that demonetisation was a total failure," said Mohan Guruswamy, chairman of New Delhi-based Centre For Policy Alternatives, who’d advised a previous government led by the current ruling party. “The prime minister obviously had overstated his case. You’ve lost so many jobs across sectors. How can people trust Mr. Modi and his numbers?"

Supporters of the cash ban saw the action as a battle against the rich who salt away their wealth without paying taxes. Modi’s party had a landslide victory in a key state soon after the move to ban 86% of the nation’s cash, though subsequent data show that the economic shock has slowed growth and investment in Asia’s No. 3 economy.

Slowdown

A raft of economic data since the note ban decision have signalled that $2 trillion economy was hurt by the cash clampdown, raising fears that the economic growth would stall. Growth in the quarter ended March 2017 slowed to 6.1% from a year earlier. It expanded 7% pace in the previous quarter. Gross domestic product data for April-June due at 5.30pm in New Delhi on Thursday will help assess the lingering impact of the cash ban or whether it had faded.

Also read: Was demonetisation worth it?

Electronic payments have risen 21% since November to Rs113.7 trillion in July, though they dipped from its peak of Rs150 trillion in March, central bank data show.

While some economists blame Modi for the economic slowdown, he politically gained by winning elections in Uttar Pradesh, country’s most populous state, as rural poor supported the move with a belief that his actions would even out the scale of inequality and reduce corruption.

The fact that the bulk of the banned notes have been returned “shows that the banking system and the RBI were able to effectively respond to the challenge of collecting such a large number" of notes in a limited time, the finance ministry said in a statement on Wednesday. It touted an increase in tax payers and an “almost entire" stop to terror funding following the cash ban as examples of its success.

“Some people had expected a very large shock to economic growth on account of demonetisation," the statement read. “Their expectations have been belied."

Nobel prize

Opposition parties were quick to blame the government and the central bank for the demonetisation drive. The RBI lost more money on printing notes compared to the bills that were permanently extinguished, former finance minister Palaniappan Chidambaram said. “The economists deserve Nobel Prize," Chidambaram said on a Twitter post.

Also read: How demonetisation was unprofitable for RBI

The bank spent Rs7,965 crore to create new cash in the year through 30 June, it said in its annual report published on Wednesday. That was the highest in at least 17 years and compares with Rs3,421 crore and Rs3,760 crore for the previous two years.

“The upsurge in expenditure during the year was on account of change in the production plan of printing presses due to the introduction of new design notes," the central bank said in its annual report. “To ensure availability of bank notes across the country at the shortest possible time subsequent to the demonetisation, bank notes had to be frequently air-lifted from the presses."

Higher costs ate into profits, compelling the monetary authority to cut its dividend to the government. The smaller payout imperils India’s budget deficit target, because Modi boosted spending to compensate for a drop in private investment and consumption following the cash ban shock. Bloomberg

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