Posted in Famous Last Words on Tuesday, 18 January 2011

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“France… Army…Head of the Army… Josephine”

Napoleon Bonaparte, the military and political leader of France who became the French Emperor in 1804, was exiled in 1813, escaped and returned to France in 1815 before being defeated at Waterloo, spent his final days in confinement on the island of Saint Helena. His health began to fail rapidly towards the end and, after being attended to by two British physicians, he made his confession to Father Ange Vignali on 5 May 1821. His final words were, of course, in French: “France, armée, tête d’armée, Joséphine”.

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