WASHINGTON—President Trump signed into law an $8.3 billion bill for fighting the coronavirus outbreak, funding efforts to develop a vaccine and assisting local and state governments’ responses, as officials said they were also weighing steps to bolster the U.S. economy.

The White House is considering measures to respond to the economic impact of coronavirus, an administration official said, including deferring taxes for the industries hardest hit by the virus—primarily hospitality and travel. The official said the move was one of several being contemplated.

Because the administration hasn’t offered any details, it isn’t known whether such tax deferrals are within the executive branch’s authority or would require Congress to act.

Mr. Trump also made a visit to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Georgia on Friday, reversing a decision to cancel the trip over fears an agency staff member had contracted coronavirus. While there he toured the facilities and sought to reassure the public that the risks were low and testing would be available.

But the president, who has at times muddled the message coming from his administration, also used the moment to criticize the governor of the state dealing with the nation’s worst coronavirus outbreak, calling Washington Gov. Jay Inslee a “snake.” Mr. Inslee, a Democrat, had previously tweeted criticism of the president’s virus response, but welcomed Vice President Mike Pence to the state Thursday, and the two pledged to work together.