Shodan is a tool for searching devices connected to the internet. Unlike search engines which help you find websites, Shodan helps you find information about desktops, servers, IoT devices, and more. This information includes metadata such as the software running on each device.

Common uses of Shodan include Network Security, Market Research, Cyber Risk, scanning IoT devices, and Tracking Ransomware. This guide will focus on comprehensively covering these applications in a pentesting context.

What is Shodan? Shodan is a search engine for Internet-connected devices. It was created by John C. Matherly (@achillean) in 2009.

Shodan is a tool that lets you explore the internet; discovering connected devices or network services, monitoring network security, making global statistics and so on.

The Shodan’s website/database references results from extensive port scanning of the Internet.

Shodan interfaces

This section will show you the various ways you can connect to Shodan.

It’s possible to interact with Shodan via the well known website, the official python command-line interface tool and library, a variety of community driven libraries for many languages and also the official REST API.

CLI tool

The official shodan command-line interface (CLI) is written in python, for quick usage in your terminal.

Install

In a virtual python environment like pyenv:

$ easy_install shodan

On BlackArch you can also install the following package:

# pacman -S python-shodan

Once you have installed shodan CLI tool, to setup your API token just do:

$ shodan init <YOUR_API_KEY>

Command overview

A dozen of straightforward commands are available:

–help

$ shodan –help

Usage: shodan [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]…

Options:

-h, –help Show this message and exit.

Commands: alert Manage the network alerts for your account. convert Convert the given input data file into a different format. count Returns the number of results for a search. data Bulk data access to Shodan. domain View all available information for a domain. download Download search results and save them in a compressed JSON file. honeyscore Check whether the IP is a honeypot or not. host View all available information for an IP address. info Shows general information about your account. init Initialize the Shodan command-line. myip Print your external IP address. org Manage your organization’s access to Shodan. parse Extract information out of compressed JSON files. radar Real-Time Map of some results as Shodan finds them. scan Scan an IP/ netblock using Shodan. search Search the Shodan database. stats Provide summary information about a search query. stream Stream data in real-time. version Print version of this tool.

info

If you have setup your API token, you can check the number of credits you have left:

$ shodan info

Query credits available: 100

Scan credits available: 100

Query credits are used to search Shodan and scan credits are used to scan IPs.

A search request consumes 1 query credit and scanning 1 IP consumes 1 scan credit.

version

When writing this article I was using shdoan 1.21.2:

$ shodan version

1.21.2

count

Returns the number of results for a search query.

$ shodan count openssh

23128

$ shodan count openssh 7

219

download

Search Shodan and download the results into a file where each line is a JSON banner.

By default it will only download 1,000 results, if you want to download more look at the –limit flag.

The download command lets you save the results and process them afterwards using the parse command.

So if you often search for the same queries it will help you save credits.

The export credits are used to download data from the website at the rate of: 1 export credit lets you download up to 10,000 results. They are single-use which means that once you use them they don’t automatically renew at the start of the month.

But if you don’t have export credits, you can use 1 query credit to save 100 results.

$ shodan download -h

Usage: shodan download [OPTIONS] <filename> <search query>



Download search results and save them in a compressed JSON file.



Options:

--limit INTEGER The number of results you want to download. -1 to download

all the data possible.

--skip INTEGER The number of results to skip when starting the download.

-h, --help Show this message and exit.

For example here I will download 1000 results of the query openssh:

$ shodan download openssh-data openssh

Search query: openssh

Total number of results: 23128

Query credits left: 100

Output file: openssh-data.json.gz

[###################################-] 99% 00:00:00

Saved 1000 results into file openssh-data.json.gz

After the download you can check how many credits you have left:

$ shodan info

Query credits available: 95

Scan credits available: 100

host

See information about the host such as where it’s located, what ports are open and which organization owns the IP.

$ shodan host 1.1.1.1

1.1.1.1

Hostnames: one.one.one.one

Country: Australia

Organization: Mountain View Communications

Updated: 2020-01-21T22:26:00.168041

Number of open ports: 3



Ports:

53/udp

80/tcp

443/tcp

|-- SSL Versions: -SSLv2, -SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3



$ shodan host 138.201.81.199

138.201.81.199

Hostnames: apollo.archlinux.org

Country: Germany

Organization: Hetzner Online GmbH

Updated: 2020-01-21T03:02:11.476262

Number of open ports: 4



Ports:

22/tcp OpenSSH (8.1)

25/tcp Postfix smtpd

80/tcp nginx (1.16.1)

443/tcp nginx (1.16.1)

|-- SSL Versions: -SSLv2, -SSLv3, -TLSv1, -TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3

myip

Returns your Internet-facing IP address.

$ shodan myip

199.30.49.210

parse

Use parse to analyze a file that was generated using the download command.

It lets you filter out the fields that you’re interested in, convert the JSON to a CSV and is friendly for pipe-ing to other scripts.

$ shodan parse -h

Usage: shodan parse [OPTIONS] <filenames>



Extract information out of compressed JSON files.



Options:

--color / --no-color

--fields TEXT List of properties to output.

-f, --filters TEXT Filter the results for specific values using key:value

pairs.

-O, --filename TEXT Save the filtered results in the given file (append if

file exists).

--separator TEXT The separator between the properties of the search

results.

-h, --help Show this message and exit.

The following command outputs filtered data for the previously downloaded openssh data:

$ shodan parse --fields location.country_code3,ip_str,hostnames -f port:2222 openssh-data.json.gz

ITA 89.107.109.247

HUN 193.6.173.187

FRA 77.87.111.110 pro-sip1.srv.proceau.net

USA 50.210.94.33

USA 35.130.36.118 035-130-036-118.biz.spectrum.com

AUT 80.120.19.180

JPN 124.155.95.212 v095212.ppp.asahi-net.or.jp

POL 83.144.70.114 83-144-70-114.static.chello.pl

BGR 84.238.200.8

AUT 80.120.19.168

USA 162.211.126.140

CAN 76.10.173.222 mail.nanoman.ca

USA 24.172.82.71 rrcs-24-172-82-71.midsouth.biz.rr.com

AUT 80.120.19.182

ITA 188.14.96.151 host151-96-static.14-188-b.business.telecomitalia.it

USA 216.67.111.198 216-67-111-198.static.acsalaska.net

USA 73.179.238.221 c-73-179-238-221.hsd1.fl.comcast.net

HKG 113.28.18.59 113-28-18-59.static.imsbiz.com



$ shodan parse --fields port,ip_str,location.city,location.postal_code -f location.country_code:FR --separator , openssh-data.json.gz

22,188.92.65.5,Hésingue,68220

2222,77.87.111.110,,

22,51.89.105.163,,

22,5.135.218.249,,

22,93.177.70.142,,

2222,81.250.129.207,Paris,75116

22,51.255.85.97,,

22,193.52.218.40,Aix-en-provence,13090

22,51.77.112.86,,

22,149.202.19.41,,

22,5.39.117.104,,

22,195.154.53.223,Beaumont,95260

22,37.71.132.198,,

22,178.33.71.35,,

22,212.83.188.179,Jouy-le-moutier,95280

2222,195.200.166.216,Berre-l'etang,13130

22,82.251.157.165,Paris,75004

search

This command lets you search Shodan and view the results in a terminal-friendly way.

By default it will display the IP, port, hostnames and data. You can use the –fields parameter to print whichever banner fields you’re interested in.

A simple query won’t consume any credits but if you use a search filter or request page 2 and beyond, credits will be consumed.

$ shodan search -h

Usage: shodan search [OPTIONS] <search query>



Search the Shodan database



Options:

--color / --no-color

--fields TEXT List of properties to show in the search results.

--limit INTEGER The number of search results that should be returned.

Maximum: 1000

--separator TEXT The separator between the properties of the search

results.

-h, --help Show this message and exit.

Example of query that won’t cost credits:

$ shodan search --fields ip_str,port,os smb

156.226.167.81 445 Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter 7601 Service Pack 1

156.243.104.194 445 Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise 7601 Service Pack 1

91.230.243.89 445 Windows 10 Pro 16299

85.3.170.18 445 Windows 6.1

213.238.170.132 445 Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard 9600

154.208.176.81 445 Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise 7601 Service Pack 1

103.235.171.78 445 Windows Server 2016 Datacenter 14393

102.130.40.85 445 Windows Server 2016 Standard 14393

50.3.151.113 445 Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard 9600

220.241.112.233 445 Windows Server 2019 Standard 17763

100.27.15.229 445 WWindows Server 2012 R2 Standard 9600

212.71.136.11 445 Unix

156.255.174.225 445 Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter 7601 Service Pack 1

156.232.162.239 445 WWindows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise 7601 Service Pack 1

186.210.102.132 445 Unix

154.94.153.34 445 Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter 9600

213.130.28.31 445 Windows 6.1

Example of query that will cost 1 credit (because using a filter):

$ shodan search --fields ip_str,port,org,info product:mongodb

165.22.3.203 27017 Digital Ocean

213.159.208.76 27017 JSC The First

209.6.48.11 27017 RCN

23.239.0.110 27017 Linode

52.220.230.134 27017 Amazon.com

47.91.139.188 27017 Alibaba

159.203.169.196 27017 Digital Ocean

49.233.135.180 27017 Tencent cloud computing

122.228.113.75 27017 WENZHOU, ZHEJIANG Province, P.R.China.

106.14.42.66 27017 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd.

59.108.91.3 27017 Beijing Founder Broadband Network Technology Co.,L

115.29.176.18 27017 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd.

148.251.46.75 27017 Hetzner Online GmbH

3.121.222.150 27017 Amazon.com

47.75.211.162 27017 Alibaba

200.219.217.122 27017 Equinix Brazil

scan

Scan an IP/ netblock using Shodan.

$ shodan scan -h

Usage: shodan scan [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...



Scan an IP/ netblock using Shodan.



Options:

-h, --help Show this message and exit.



Commands:

internet Scan the Internet for a specific port and protocol using the...

list Show recently launched scans

protocols List the protocols that you can scan with using Shodan.

status Check the status of an on-demand scan.

submit Scan an IP/ netblock using Shodan.

Launching a scan will cost credits:

1 scan credit lets you scan 1 IP

By default a scan result will be displayed to stdout but you can save it to a file to be able to parse it later.

$ shodan scan submit --filename 104.27.154.244_scan.json.gz 104.27.154.244

If the host has already been scanned in the last 24 hours, you won’t be able to scan it again without an Enterprise grade plan.

$ shodan scan submit --filename 104.27.154.244_scan.json.gz 104.27.154.244



Starting Shodan scan at 2020-01-22 23:46 - 100 scan credits left

No open ports found or the host has been recently crawled and cant get scanned again so soon.

You are also able to see the scans you previously launched with their ID and status:

$ shodan scan list

# 2 Scans Total - Showing 10 most recent scans:

# Scan ID Status Size Timestamp

zmWj3RNgiPbiQjx9 PROCESSING 1 2020-01-22T22:49:39.037000

8J9yu7jqTQO7AIiP PROCESSING 1 2020-01-22T22:46:34.790000

To save your scan results you are not forced to use –filename. You can simply launch a scan without saving it, and download the results later thanks to the scan ID:

$ shodan download --limit -1 scan-results.json.gz scan:zmWj3RNgiPbiQjx9

As scan are done asynchronously, you can check the status of a scan at any moment.

$ shodan scan status zmWj3RNgiPbiQjx9

DONE

To see the scan ID when launching a scan you can use the verbose mode:

$ shodan scan submit --verbose 13.226.145.4 Starting Shodan scan at 2020-01-23 00:00 - 97 scan credits left # Scan ID: 3z6Cqf1CCyVLtc6P # Scan status: DONE

Customers with an Enterprise Data License will be allowed to request a scan of the entire Internet by simply specifying the port and protocol/module.

$ shodan scan internet 8080 wemo-http

Available protocols and modules can be listed with shodan scan protocols.

stats

Provide summary information about a search query

$ shodan stats -h

Usage: shodan stats [OPTIONS] <search query>



Provide summary information about a search query



Options:

--limit INTEGER The number of results to return.

--facets TEXT List of facets to get statistics for.

-O, --filename TEXT Save the results in a CSV file of the provided name.

-h, --help Show this message and exit.

It seems that by default you will get only top 10 and not for all facets:

$ shodan stats nginx

Top 10 Results for Facet: country

US 13,598,596

CN 6,013,993

ZA 3,067,296

DE 1,560,114

HK 1,065,990

RU 869,931

FR 859,715

GB 555,946

NL 550,591

JP 526,386



Top 10 Results for Facet: org

Amazon.com 1,897,943

CloudInnovation infrastructure 1,288,280

Leaseweb USA 1,200,146

EGIHosting 1,131,973

DXTL Tseung Kwan O Service 1,052,688

Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd. 770,553

Digital Ocean 749,221

Asline Limited 680,364

Power Line Datacenter 678,264

Quantil Networks 585,935

But we can customize this behavior:

$ shodan stats --facets domain,port,asn --limit 5 nginx

Top 5 Results for Facet: domain

amazonaws.com 2,208,958

scalabledns.com 435,980

googleusercontent.com 308,114

t-ipconnect.de 225,276

your-server.de 180,711



Top 5 Results for Facet: port

80 10,019,366

443 5,300,058

5000 588,809

5001 563,208

8080 453,604



Top 5 Results for Facet: asn

as37353 2,447,679

as35916 1,878,181

as15003 1,508,786

as16509 1,236,249

as18779 1,132,180

Website

Main interface

The main interface of Shodan is the search engine.

It works like the search command of the CLI tool but with a fancy WebUI to display the results. It shows a summary for each host, the total count of hosts that matched the query like the count command of the CLI and some stats like the stats command.

Once you have selected a host, you will be able to see a shot specification table, vulnerabilities impacting the host, open ports and banners for open ports.

Downloading data

After you made a search, a Download Results button will be available:

Then you will be able to download the search results in JSON, CSV or XML.

Only the JSON format will contain the full data and be compatible with the Shodan CLI tool. CSV format will only contain IP, port, banner, organization and hostnames.

The XML format is deprecated by Shodan and consumes more space than the JSON one.

You can then view your download history in the Downloads section.

Generating reports

The website lets you generate a report based off of a search query.

The report contains graphs/ charts providing you a big picture view of how the results are distributed across the Internet. This feature is free and available to anyone.

To generate a report, click on the Create Report button from the search results page:

Name your report:

Creating a report will usually take a few minutes, you will receive an email when the report is ready with the link.

Else you can find all your previous reports on the report page.

A report is static and won’t update automatically.

Maps

The map interface to search the Shodan database works like the stats command of the CLI but displays the results in an interactive map depending on the physical location of the host.

As it won’t show more than 1000 results, you will have to zoom in and out or move around to display other results

Images

Images is a searchable gallery of screenshots from crawled devices.

Image data is gathered from 5 different sources: VNC, Remote Desktop (RDP), RTSP, Webcams and X Windows.

A has_screenshot:true filter can be used in the global search engine to keep only hosts that have a screenshot.

Exploits

Exploits is a search engine that looks for exploits across a variety of vulnerability databases at once.

Developer dashboard

Your developer dashboard shows you your credits consumption and API plan.

Network monitor

Keep track of the devices that you have exposed to the Internet. Setup notifications, launch scans and gain complete visibility into what you have connected.

The monitor dashboard let you tracks your devices, alert you if something suspicious was detected, launch scan and display what’s found on synthetic dashboard.

To begin with, add an IP, a range or a domain to monitor and choose a notification service.

Then you can manage your assets, from here you can launch scans or modify trigger rules.

You can select which kind of event will trigger an alert.

Then the dashboard shows the exposed services.

ICS radar

ICS Radar is a 3D map of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) devices found by Shodan crawlers.

Honeypot score

The service called Honeypot or not? will attribute a Honeyscore to an IP address, a probability of being a honeypot.

It’s just an abstraction of the API like the honeyscore command of the CLI:

$ shodan honeyscore 46.244.103.227

Not a honeypot

Score: 0.3

Shodan 2000

Sodan 2000 is a Tron-like interface that randomly displays an host.

Community queries

You can explore queries exported and shared by other users of the community.

The shared queries have a title, a description and tags so you can browse them easily.

To share a query, click the Share Search button on a search result page.

REST API

Shodan comes with a REST API, it can be used to build a web application service based on Shodan or create a wrapper library if none already exists in your favorite language.

The base URL of the API is: https://api.shodan.io and all API methods are rate-limited to 1 req/sec.

The API is authenticated so if you forget to provide your API key, you will get a HTTP 401 error.

Here is an example of how you can query your API Plan Information with curl:

curl -s https://api.shodan.io/api-info?key={YOUR_API_KEY} | jq

{

"scan_credits": 95,

"usage_limits": {

"scan_credits": 100,

"query_credits": 100,

"monitored_ips": 16

},

"plan": "dev",

"https": false,

"unlocked": true,

"query_credits": 94,

"monitored_ips": 2,

"unlocked_left": 94,

"telnet": false

}

Another query to get a host information:

curl -s https://api.shodan.io/shodan/host/1.1.1.1?key={YOUR_API_KEY} | jq

{

"region_code": null,

"ip": 16843009,

"postal_code": null,

"country_code": "AU",

"city": null,

"dma_code": null,

"last_update": "2020-01-25T15:55:54.880090",

"latitude": -33.494,

"tags": [],

"area_code": null,

"country_name": "Australia",

"hostnames": [

"one.one.one.one"

],

"org": "Mountain View Communications",

"data": [

{

"_shodan": {

"id": "f4218ca0-2728-4d7b-97f8-875f4f04149d",

"options": {

"referrer": "601b650e-3cc7-4189-babe-921fdf53a9e2",

"hostname": "www.1yhaoduo.com"

},

"ptr": true,

"module": "http",

"crawler": "d264629436af1b777b3b513ca6ed1404d7395d80"

},

"hash": -237371161,

"os": null,

"opts": {},

"ip": 16843009,

"isp": "APNIC and Cloudflare DNS Resolver project",

"http": {

"html_hash": 1145258596,

"robots_hash": null,

"redirects": [],

"securitytxt": null,

"title": "DNS resolution error | www.1yhaoduo.com | Cloudflare",

"sitemap_hash": null,

"waf": "CloudFlare",

"robots": null,

"favicon": null,

"host": "www.1yhaoduo.com",

...

Check the REST API Documentation for a complete description of all methods.

Language wrappers (libraries)

To interface your tool with the Shodan API you can use one of the wrapper libraries.

The official one is made in Python, but there are also community libraries in Ruby, PHP, Haskell, Rust, Perl, Node.js, Go, PowerShell, Java and C#.

I will give examples for those three:

Python – shodan-python

Installation

The installation is the same as for the CLI tool as the CLI tool is made upon the python library, they are packaged together.

In a virtual python environment like pyenv:

$ easy_install shodan

On BlackArch you can also install the following package:

# pacman -S python-shodan

Then the API key will always be initialized like that in our code:

import shodan



SHODAN_API_KEY = 'API key here'



api = shodan.Shodan(SHODAN_API_KEY)

Note: the library is working for both python 2 and 3 but we’ll use only python 3 as python 2 is deprecated.

Examples

Basic search:

try: # Search Shodan results = api.search('apache') ## Show results print('Results found: {}'.format(results['total'])) for result in results['matches']: print('IP: {}'.format(result['ip_str'])) print(result['data']) print('') except shodan.APIError as e: print('Error: {}'.format(e))

Example of output:

IP: 65.99.237.196

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Sat, 25 Jan 2020 16:07:19 GMT

Server: Apache

Transfer-Encoding: chunked

Content-Type: text/html







IP: 212.72.184.58

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Sat, 25 Jan 2020 16:07:29 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.22 (Debian) mod_python/3.3.1 Python/2.7.3 mod_ssl/2.2.22 OpenSSL/1.0.1t

X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.45-0+deb7u14

Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT

Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate

Pragma: no-cache

Last-Modified: Sat, 25 Jan 2020 16:07:29 GMT

Vary: Accept-Encoding

Transfer-Encoding: chunked

Content-Type: text/html







IP: 208.109.44.217

HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found

Date: Sat, 25 Jan 2020 16:07:20 GMT

Server: Apache

Content-Length: 381

Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

Available ports of a host:

try: # Lookup the host host = api.host('1.1.1.1') # Print general info print(""" IP: {} Organization: {} Operating System: {} """.format(host['ip_str'], host.get('org', 'n/a'), host.get('os', 'n/a'))) # Print all banners for item in host['data']: print(""" Port: {} Banner: {} """.format(item['port'], item['data'])) except shodan.APIError as e: print('Error: {}'.format(e))

Example of output:

IP: 1.1.1.1 Organization: Mountain View Communications Operating System: None Port: 80 Banner: HTTP/1.1 409 Conflict Date: Sat, 25 Jan 2020 15:55:54 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Transfer-Encoding: chunked Connection: close Set-Cookie: __cfduid=d6241813d879cf2a39d03f5d6ce5a1abc1579967754; expires=Mon, 24-Feb-20 15:55:54 GMT; path=/; domain=.www.1yhaoduo.com; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax Cache-Control: max-age=6 Expires: Sat, 25 Jan 2020 15:56:00 GMT X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN Vary: Accept-Encoding Server: cloudflare CF-RAY: 55ab6f23aee09cbd-AMS Port: 443 Banner: HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently Date: Sat, 25 Jan 2020 15:47:19 GMT Transfer-Encoding: chunked Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=3600 Expires: Sat, 25 Jan 2020 16:47:19 GMT Location: https://get.vitalsource.com/ Expect-CT: max-age=604800, report-uri="https://report-uri.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/beacon/expect-ct" Vary: Accept-Encoding Server: cloudflare CF-RAY: 55ab628f3b05acca-OTP Port: 53 Banner: \x00\x00\x80\x83\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\t_services\x07_dns-sd\x04_udp\x05local\x00\x00\x0c\x00\x01\x00\x00\x06\x00\x01\x00\x00(\xac\[email protected]\x01a\x0croot-servers\x03net\x00\x05nstld\x0cverisign-grs\x03com\x00xf\xf1\xd4\x00\x00\x07\x08\x00\x00\x03\x84\x00\t:\x80\x00\x01Q\x80

Displaying stats:

# The list of properties we want summary information on FACETS = [ ('org', 3), 'domain', 'port', 'asn', ('country', 10), ] FACET_TITLES = { 'org': 'Top 3 Organizations', 'domain': 'Top 5 Domains', 'port': 'Top 5 Ports', 'asn': 'Top 5 Autonomous Systems', 'country': 'Top 10 Countries', } try: # Query query = 'apache 2.4' # Count results result = api.count(query, facets=FACETS) print('Shodan Summary Information') print('Query: %s' % query) print('Total Results: %s

' % result['total']) # Print the summary info from the facets for facet in result['facets']: print(FACET_TITLES[facet]) for term in result['facets'][facet]: print('%s: %s' % (term['value'], term['count'])) # Print an empty line between summary info print('') except shodan.APIError as e: print('Error: {}'.format(e))

Example of output:

Shodan Summary Information

Query: apache 2.4

Total Results: 64678



Top 3 Organizations

Liquid Web, L.L.C: 23199

Amazon.com: 7588

Hetzner Online GmbH: 1818



Top 5 Domains

amazonaws.com: 10679

telecom.net.ar: 1661

your-server.de: 1243

t-ipconnect.de: 664

vultr.com: 443



Top 5 Ports

80: 21212

443: 19890

8080: 3024

10000: 1723

8081: 1366



Top 5 Autonomous Systems

as53824: 13848

as32244: 9351

as16509: 6294

as24940: 1759

as7303: 1453



Top 10 Countries

US: 31090

DE: 5833

CN: 4554

BR: 3010

AR: 1809

JP: 1475

GB: 1168

IN: 1009

FR: 756

CA: 613

Note: this examples comes from the official documentation but were adapted for Python 3 and updated to better suit this article.

Ruby – shodanz

Installation

In a virtual ruby environment like rbenv:

$ gem install shodanz

Then the API key will always be initialized like that in our code:

require 'shodanz'



api = Shodanz.client.new(key: 'YOUR_API_KEY')

For production projects you may prefer read the API key via the environment variable SHODAN_API_KEY.

Examples

Basic search:

# Search Shodan results = api.host_search('apache') # Show results puts "Results found: #{results['total']}" results['matches'].each do |result| puts "IP: #{result['ip_str']}" puts result['data'] + "

" end

Example of output:

IP: 154.218.139.58

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2020 22:13:53 GMT

Server: Apache

Upgrade: h2

Connection: Upgrade, close

Last-Modified: Wed, 26 Apr 2017 08:03:47 GMT

ETag: "52e-54e0d47a39ec0"

Accept-Ranges: bytes

Content-Length: 1326

Vary: Accept-Encoding

Content-Type: text/html





IP: 132.148.235.102

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2020 22:13:53 GMT

Server: Apache

Upgrade: h2,h2c

Connection: Upgrade

Last-Modified: Fri, 10 May 2019 09:10:49 GMT

ETag: "a4edb-7ab-58884f152c219"

Accept-Ranges: bytes

Content-Length: 1963

Vary: Accept-Encoding,User-Agent

Content-Type: text/html





IP: 112.126.140.94

HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found

Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2020 22:13:34 GMT

Server: Apache

X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.17

X-UA-Compatible: IE=EmulateIE7

Transfer-Encoding: chunked

Content-Type: text/html

Available ports of a host:

# Lookup the host host = api.host('1.1.1.1') # Print general info puts " IP: #{host['ip_str']} Organization: #{host['org'] || 'n/a'} Operating System: #{host['os'] || 'n/a'} " # Print all banners host['data'].each do |item| puts " Port: #{item['port'] || 'n/a'} Banner: #{item['data'] || 'n/a'} " end

Example of ouput:

IP: 1.1.1.1 Organization: Mountain View Communications Operating System: n/a Port: 443 Banner: HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Server: cloudflare Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2020 18:34:35 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 553 Connection: keep-alive CF-RAY: 55c50fb4e8149d5a-AMS Port: 80 Banner: HTTP/1.1 409 Conflict Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2020 17:26:54 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Transfer-Encoding: chunked Connection: close Set-Cookie: __cfduid=d189a930262f96d94a707a90d853a56bd1580232414; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-20 17:26:54 GMT; path=/; domain=.www.1yhaoduo.com; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax Cache-Control: max-age=6 Expires: Tue, 28 Jan 2020 17:27:00 GMT X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN Vary: Accept-Encoding Server: cloudflare CF-RAY: 55c4ac8fba63801a-SAN Port: 53 Banner: Recursion: enabled Resolver ID: AMS

Displaying stats:

# The list of properties we want summary information on FACETS = { 'org': 3, 'domain': 5, 'port': 5, 'asn': 5, 'country': 10, } FACET_TITLES = { 'org': 'Top 3 Organizations', 'domain': 'Top 5 Domains', 'port': 'Top 5 Ports', 'asn': 'Top 5 Autonomous Systems', 'country': 'Top 10 Countries', } # Query query = 'apache 2.4' # Count results result = api.host_count(query, facets: FACETS) puts 'Shodan Summary Information' puts "Query: #{query}" puts "Total Results: #{result['total']}

" # Print the summary info from the facets result['facets'].each do |facet, _v| puts FACET_TITLES[facet] result['facets'][facet].each do |term| puts "#{term['value']}: #{term['count']}" end # Print an empty line between summary info puts '' end

Example of output:

Shodan Summary Information

Query: apache 2.4

Total Results: 63939



Liquid Web, L.L.C: 23126

Amazon.com: 7843

Hetzner Online GmbH: 1798





amazonaws.com: 10398

telecom.net.ar: 1609

your-server.de: 1232

t-ipconnect.de: 629

vultr.com: 450





80: 21131

443: 19772

8080: 3023

10000: 1672

8081: 1372





as53824: 13810

as32244: 9316

as16509: 6138

as24940: 1740

as7303: 1410





US: 30877

DE: 5781

CN: 4432

BR: 2949

AR: 1757

JP: 1472

GB: 1168

IN: 1030

FR: 720

CA: 613

Async support with the stream API:

require 'async' require 'shodanz' api = Shodanz.client.new(key: 'YOUR_API_KEY') # Asynchronously stream banner info from shodan and check any # IP addresses against the experimental honeypot scoring service. api.streaming_api.banners do |banner| if ip = banner['ip_str'] Async do score = api.rest_api.honeypot_score(ip).wait puts "#{ip} has a #{score * 100}% chance of being a honeypot" rescue Shodanz::Errors::RateLimited sleep rand retry rescue # any other errors next end end end

Warning: Freelancer API plan or better required for using the stream API, developer or free plan won’t work.

Note: this async example comes from the shodanz documentation.

Useful methods

# Returns all the protocols that can be used when launching an Internet scan

api.protocols



# Returns a list of port numbers that the Shodan crawlers are looking for

api.ports



# Returns information about the Shodan account linked to this API key

api.profile



# Look up the IP address for the provided list of hostnames

api.resolve('archlinux.org', 'blackarch.org')



# Look up the hostnames that have been defined for the given list of IP addresses

api.reverse_lookup('138.201.81.199', '176.31.253.211')



# Get your current IP address as seen from the Internet

api.my_ip



# Calculates a honeypot probability score ranging from 0 (not a honeypot) to 1.0 (is a honeypot)

api.honeypot_score('1.1.1.1')



# API Plan Information

api.info

Exploits API

puts client.exploit_count(port: 22, page: 1)

puts client.exploit_search('rce couchdb', type: 'remote', platform: 'linux', author: 'Metasploit')

You can find more examples here or read the shodanz API documentation.

Node.js – shodan-client

Installation

In a virtual nodejs environment like nodenv:

$ npm i shodan-client

Then the API key will always be initialized like that in our code:

const util = require('util');

const api = require('shodan-client');



const key = 'API key here';

Examples

Basic search

const searchOpts = {};



const searchQuery = 'apache';



api

.search(searchQuery, key, searchOpts) // Search Shodan

.then(results => {

console.log('Results found: ' + results['total'] + "

"); // Show results

for (const result of results['matches']) {

console.log(`IP: ${result['ip_str']}`);

console.log(result['data'] + "

");

}

})

.catch(err => {

console.log('Error:');

console.log(err);

});

Example of output:

Results found: 25855805



IP: 210.143.102.156

HTTP/1.1 302 Found

Date: Sat, 01 Feb 2020 18:45:43 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Scientific Linux)

Location: https://210.143.102.156/

Content-Length: 299

Connection: close

Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1







IP: 52.168.162.242

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Sat, 01 Feb 2020 18:44:49 GMT

Server: Apache

X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Aug 2019 14:51:43 GMT

ETag: "f11-59000c7615dc0"

Accept-Ranges: bytes

Content-Length: 3857

X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block

Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate

Pragma: no-cache

Expires: 0

Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

Set-Cookie: pwcount=2;Secure;Path=/

Cache-Control: no-cache







IP: 217.160.91.209

HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden

Date: Sat, 01 Feb 2020 18:45:18 GMT

Server: Apache

Content-Length: 1364

X-Frame-Options: deny

Content-Type: text/html

Available ports of a host

const searchOpts = {};



const ip = '1.1.1.1';



api

.host(ip, key, searchOpts) // Lookup the host

.then(host => {

// Print general info

console.log(`

IP: ${host['ip_str']}

Organization: ${host['org'] || 'n/a'}

Operating System: ${host['os'] || 'n/a'}

`);

// Print all banners

for (const item of host['data']) {

console.log(`

Port: ${item['port'] || 'n/a'}

Banner: ${item['data'] || 'n/a'}

`);

}

})

.catch(err => {

console.log('Error:');

console.log(err);

});

Example of output:

IP: 1.1.1.1 Organization: Mountain View Communications Operating System: n/a Port: 443 Banner: HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Server: cloudflare Date: Sat, 01 Feb 2020 19:26:14 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 553 Connection: keep-alive CF-RAY: 55e650de89868020-SAN Port: 80 Banner: HTTP/1.1 409 Conflict Date: Sat, 01 Feb 2020 19:16:16 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Transfer-Encoding: chunked Connection: close Set-Cookie: __cfduid=dd6d38c961c18135646e1681bd1f809ad1580584576; expires=Mon, 02-Mar-20 19:16:16 GMT; path=/; domain=.www.1yhaoduo.com; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax Cache-Control: max-age=6 Expires: Sat, 01 Feb 2020 19:16:22 GMT X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN Vary: Accept-Encoding Server: cloudflare CF-RAY: 55e64240bb5a801a-SAN

Displaying stats

const FACETS = { 'org': 3, 'domain': 5, 'port': 5, 'asn': 5, 'country': 10, }; const FACET_TITLES = { 'org': 'Top 3 Organizations', 'domain': 'Top 5 Domains', 'port': 'Top 5 Ports', 'asn': 'Top 5 Autonomous Systems', 'country': 'Top 10 Countries', }; // https://github.com/jesusprubio/shodan-client/issues/34 // const opts = { facets: FACETS }; const opts = { facets: JSON.stringify(FACETS).replace(/["{}]/g, '') }; // Query const query = 'apache 2.4'; api .count(query, key, opts) // Count results .then(result => { console.log('Shodan Summary Information'); console.log(`Query: ${query}`); console.log(`Total Results: ${result['total']}

`); // Print the summary info from the facets for (const facet in result['facets']) { console.log(FACET_TITLES[facet]); for (const term of result['facets'][facet]) { console.log(`${term['value']}: ${term['count']}`); } // Print an empty line between summary info console.log(''); } }) .catch(err => { console.log('Error:'); console.log(err); });

Example of output:

Shodan Summary Information

Query: apache 2.4

Total Results: 63112



Top 3 Organizations

Liquid Web, L.L.C: 22985

Amazon.com: 8614

Hetzner Online GmbH: 1797



Top 5 Domains

amazonaws.com: 10051

telecom.net.ar: 1600

your-server.de: 1220

t-ipconnect.de: 603

vultr.com: 429



Top 5 Ports

80: 21098

443: 19669

8080: 3040

10000: 1669

8081: 1411



Top 5 Autonomous Systems

as53824: 13725

as32244: 9260

as16509: 5941

as24940: 1750

as7303: 1383



Top 10 Countries

US: 30672

DE: 5780

CN: 4072

BR: 2931

AR: 1745

JP: 1415

GB: 1147

IN: 939

FR: 738

CA: 675

Plugins

Firefox

Shodan.io

This add-on retrieves data gathered by Shodan.io of the current website you’re browsing. It displays you general information such as the Organisation but also open ports.

Source

Chromium

Shodan

The Shodan plugin tells you where the website is hosted (country, city), who owns the IP and what other services/ports are open.

The Shodan plugin for Chrome automatically checks whether Shodan has any information for the current website. Is the website also running FTP, DNS, SSH or some unusual service? With this plugin you can see all the info that Shodan has collected on a given website/domain.

Shodan Search Query Syntax

Banner and properties

To get the most out of Shodan it’s important to understand the search query syntax.

In Shodan’s vocabulary a banner is an object containing the information of a service.

In the official documentation the below example of a simplified banner is given:

{ "data": "Moxa Nport Device Status: Authentication disabled Name: NP5232I_4728 MAC: 00:90:e8:47:10:2d", "ip_str": "46.252.132.235", "port": 4800, "org": "Starhub Mobile", "location": { "country_code": "SG" } }

Each key of the dictionnary is called a property (data, ip_str, port, etc.). Each property stores a different type of information about the service.

By default Shodan is looking only into the data property, if no filter is provided.

Search filters

You could have found the previous example banner by searching Moxa Nport Device, but if you would have searched for devices from Starhub Mobile it wouldn’t have returned the expected result. That’s because, as I said earlier, by default, Shodan only searches the data property!

To search data using other properties we must use filters.

Search filters are special keywords to tell Shodan that you wish to search specific properties.

Filters are formatted as key:value.

Some examples:

To search for devices located in the Starhub Mobile Network: org:”Starhub Mobile”

To search for devices located in Singapore: country:SG

And of course they can be combined: org:”Starhub Mobile” country:SG



Properties/filters specification

Here is the complete list of properties for banners (Source: Official documentation).

General properties

Property [Type] Description asn [String] The autonomous system number (ex. “AS4837”). data [String] Contains the banner information for the service. ip [Integer] The IP address of the host as an integer. ip_str [String] The IP address of the host as a string. ipv6 [String] The IPv6 address of the host as a string. If this is present then the “ip” and “ip_str” fields wont be. port [Integer] The port number that the service is operating on. timestamp [String] The timestamp for when the banner was fetched from the device in the UTC timezone. Example: “2014-01-15T05:49:56.283713” hostnames [String[]] An array of strings containing all of the hostnames that have been assigned to the IP address for this device. domains [String[]] An array of strings containing the top-level domains for the hostnames of the device. This is a utility property in case you want to filter by TLD instead of subdomain. It is smart enough to handle global TLDs with several dots in the domain (ex. “co.uk”) location [Object] An object containing all of the location information for the device. location.area_code [Integer]The area code for the device’s location. Only available for the US. location.city [String] The name of the city where the device is located. location.country_code [String] The 2-letter country code for the device location. location.country_code3 [String] The 3-letter country code for the device location. location.country_name [String] The name of the country where the device is located. location.dma_code [Integer] The designated market area code for the area where the device is located. Only available for the US. location.latitude [Double] The latitude for the geolocation of the device. location.longitude [Double] The longitude for the geolocation of the device. location.postal_code [String] The postal code for the device’s location. location.region_code [String] The name of the region where the device is located. opts [Object] Contains experimental and supplemental data for the service. This can include the SSL certificate, robots.txt and other raw information that hasn’t yet been formalized into the Banner Specification. org [String] The name of the organization that is assigned the IP space for this device. isp [String] The ISP that is providing the organization with the IP space for this device. Consider this the “parent” of the organization in terms of IP ownership. os [String] The operating system that powers the device. transport [String] Either “udp” or “tcp” to indicate which IP transport protocol was used to fetch the information

Optional Properties

Property [Type] Description uptime [Integer] The number of minutes that the device has been online. link [String] The network link type. Possible values are: “Ethernet or modem”, “generic tunnel or VPN”, “DSL”, “IPIP or SIT”, “SLIP”, “IPSec or GRE”, “VLAN”, “jumbo Ethernet”, “Google”, “GIF”, “PPTP”, “loopback”, “AX.25 radio modem”. title [String] The title of the website as extracted from the HTML source. html [String] The raw HTML source for the website. product [String] The name of the product that generated the banner. version [String] The version of the product that generated the banner. devicetype [String] The type of device (webcam, router, etc.). info [String] Miscellaneous information that was extracted about the product. cpe [String] The relevant Common Platform Enumeration for the product or known vulnerabilities if available. For more information on CPE and the official dictionary of values visit the CPE Dictionary.

SSL Properties

Property [Type] Description ssl.cert [Object] The parsed certificate properties that includes information such as when it was issued, the SSL extensions, the issuer, subject etc. ssl.cipher [Object] Preferred cipher for the SSL connection ssl.chain [Array] An array of certificates, where each string is a PEM-encoded SSL certificate. This includes the user SSL certificate up to its root certificate. ssl.dhparams [Object] The Diffie-Hellman parameters if available: “prime”, “public_key”, “bits”, “generator” and an optional “fingerprint” if we know which program generated these parameters. ssl.versions [Array] A list of SSL versions that are supported by the server. If a version isnt supported the value is prefixed with a “-”. Example: [“TLSv1”, “-SSLv2”] means that the server supports TLSv1 but doesnt support SSLv2.

Miscellaneous

The beta version of the website offers two useful pages:

Filters – A filter/property cheat sheet list

– A filter/property cheat sheet list Examples – A list of search query examples

Shodan dorks & use cases

I’ll start by showcasing some simple snippets from shodan.

Examples are given for the CLI:

Number of devices vulnerable to Heartbleed

$ shodan count vuln:cve-2014-0160

80467

Get a list of subdomains for a domain

$ shodan domain cnn.com

CNN.COM



A 151.101.193.67

A 151.101.129.67

A 151.101.65.67

A 151.101.1.67

...

newsroom.blogs CNAME cnnnewsroom.wordpress.com

newsstream.blogs CNAME cnninewsstream.wordpress.com

now CNAME www.cnn.com

ntm.blogs CNAME ntm.blogs.cnn.com.edgesuite.net

olympics.blogs CNAME olympics.blogs.cnn.com.edgesuite.net

olympics.edition CNAME cnn.site.scribblelive.com

on A 157.166.224.172

outfront.blogs CNAME cnnoutfront.wordpress.com

pagingdrgupta.blogs CNAME cnnpagingdrgupta.wordpress.com

parkerspitzer.blogs CNAME cnnparkerspitzer.wordpress.com

...

Create a private firehose for your network and subscribe to it

$ shodan alert create mynetwork 198.20.58.0/24 && shodan stream --alerts=all

Find the top 10 most common vulnerabilities in Switzerland

$ shodan stats --facets vuln country:CH

Top 10 Results for Facet: vuln

cve-2018-1312 36,562

cve-2017-7679 31,109

cve-2019-0220 28,882

cve-2016-8612 27,638

cve-2018-17199 26,706

cve-2016-4975 26,560

cve-2018-1283 25,477

cve-2017-15715 25,477

cve-2017-15710 25,477

cve-2017-7668 23,261

I will continue with some publicly shared queries:

D-Link Internet Camera DCS-5300 series, without authentication

$ shodan search 'd-Link Internet Camera, 200 OK'

FTP server with anonymous authentication enabled

$ shodan search '230 login successful port:21'

Databases

# MySQL

$ shodan search 'product:MySQL'



# MongoDB

$ shodan search 'product:MongoDB'



# elastic

$ shodan search 'port:9200 json'



# Memcached

$ shodan search 'product:Memcached'



# CouchDB

$ shodan search 'product:CouchDB'



# PostgreSQL

$ shodan search 'port:5432 PostgreSQL'



# Riak

$ shodan search 'port:8087 Riak'



# Redis

$ shodan search 'product:Redis'



# Cassandra

$ shodan search 'product:Cassandra'

Games

# Minecraft

$ shodan search 'Minecraft Server port:25565'



# Counter-Strike: Global Offensive

$ shodan search 'product:"Counter-Strike Global Offensive"'



# Starbound

$ shodan search 'product:Starbound'



# ARK: Survival Evolved

$ shodan search 'product:"ARK Survival Evolved"'

Industrial Control Systems

# XZERES Wind Turbine

$ shodan search 'title:"xzeres wind"'



# PIPS Automated License Plate Reader

$ shodan search 'html:"PIPS Technology ALPR Processors"'



# Modbus

$ shodan search 'port:502'



# Niagara Fox

$ shodan search 'port:1911,4911 product:Niagara'



# GE-SRTP

$ shodan search 'port:18245,18246 product:"general electric"'



# MELSEC-Q

$ shodan search 'port:5006,5007 product:mitsubishi'



# CODESYS

$ shodan search 'port:2455 operating system'



# S7

$ shodan search 'port:102'



# BACnet

$ shodan search 'port:47808'



# HART-IP

$ shodan search 'port:5094 hart-ip'



# Omron FINS

$ shodan search 'port:9600 response code'



# IEC 60870-5-104

$ shodan search 'port:2404 asdu address'



# DNP3

$ shodan search 'port:20000 source address'



# EtherNet/IP

$ shodan search 'port:44818'



# PCWorx

$ shodan search 'port:1962 PLC'



# Crimson v3.0

$ shodan search 'port:789 product:"Red Lion Controls"'



# ProConOS

$ shodan search 'port:20547 PLC'

And now, some dorks from dalmoz:

ASCII video examples

Shodan on asciinema.org

Hacked Ubiquiti Networks Device

$ shodan search 'hacked-router-help-sos'

Surveillance cameras, user: admin, no password

$ shodan search 'hacked-router-help-sos'

Home routers’ storage/attached USB storage

$ shodan search 'IPC$ all storage devices'

PBX phone gateways without authentication

$ shodan search 'port:23 console gateway -password'

Lantronix ethernet adapter’s admin interface without password

$ shodan search 'Press Enter for Setup Mode port:9999'

Polycom video-conference system no-auth shell

$ shodan search '"polycom command shell"'

VNC servers without authentication

$ shodan search '"authentication disabled" port:5900,5901'

NPort serial-to-eth / MoCA devices without password

$ shodan search 'nport -keyin port:23'

Some PenTestIT queries:

Default Jenkins installations

$ shodan search 'http.favicon.hash:81586312'

SonarQube installations

$ shodan search 'http.favicon.hash:1485257654'

IBM WebSphere version disclosure

$ shodan search 'WASRemoteRuntimeVersion'

And to finish, a collection of search queries: Awesome Shodan Search Queries

https://developer.shodan.io/apps

https://github.com/BullsEye0/shodan-eye

https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/gather/shodan_search

https://github.com/s0md3v/Striker

https://github.com/lanmaster53/recon-ng

https://github.com/smicallef/spiderfoot

https://github.com/DefensePointSecurity/threat_note

https://github.com/OWASP/Amass

https://github.com/woj-ciech/Kamerka-GUI

https://github.com/random-robbie/My-Shodan-Scripts

https://github.com/jakejarvis/awesome-shodan-queries

https://github.com/pielco11/fav-up

ShodanSploit

It allows you to use all Shodan calls on your terminal and making detailed queries.

Github repository: https://github.com/shodansploit/shodansploit

Install:

git clone https://github.com/ismailtasdelen/shodansploit.git

cd shodansploit

python shodansploit.py

docker run -t ismailtasdelen/shodansploit

Docker Run:

docker run –rm -it ismailtasdelen/shodansploit

Menu:

[1] GET > /shodan/host/{ip} [2] GET > /shodan/host/count [3] GET > /shodan/host/search [4] GET > /shodan/host/search/tokens [5] GET > /shodan/ports [6] GET > /shodan/exploit/author [7] GET > /shodan/exploit/cve [8] GET > /shodan/exploit/msb [9] GET > /shodan/exploit/bugtraq-id [10] GET > /shodan/exploit/osvdb [11] GET > /shodan/exploit/title [12] GET > /shodan/exploit/description [13] GET > /shodan/exploit/date [14] GET > /shodan/exploit/code [15] GET > /shodan/exploit/platform [16] GET > /shodan/exploit/port [17] GET > /dns/resolve [18] GET > /dns/reverse [19] GET > /labs/honeyscore/{ip} [20] GET > /account/profile [21] GET > /tools/myip [22] GET > /tools/httpheaders [23] GET > /api-info [24] Exit

Fav-Up

Description:

Lookups for real IP starting from the favicon icon and using Shodan.

Install:

At least python3.6 is required due to spicy syntax.

git clone https://github.com/pielco11/fav-up.git

pip3 install -r requirements.txt

Command overview:

Examples

Favicon-file:

python3 favUp.py –favicon-file favicon.ico -sc

Favicon-url

python3 favUp.py –favicon-url https://domain.behind.cloudflare/assets/favicon.ico -sc

Web

python3 favUp.py –web domain.behind.cloudflare -sc

Module

from favUp import FavUp





f = FavUp()



f.shodanCLI = True



f.web = "domain.behind.cloudflare"



f.show = True



f.run()





for result in f.faviconsList:



print ( f"Real-IP: { result[ 'found_ips' ] } " )



print ( f"Hash: { result[ 'favhash' ] } " )

Related info:

https://pielco11.ovh/posts/cloud-hunting/

Articles of advanced uses

Shodan alternatives

Web commercial alternatives

Onyphe – pretty like Shodan but in addition of scanning it also crawls data from passive DNS lookup, threatlist lookup and paste sites lookup. However the free version is more limited than Shodan.

ZoomEye – is also very similar to Shodan, has a great set of advanced filters that are mroe documented than Shodan’s and a ton of pre-set queries. There is also a great free API tier.

Censys – like Shodan, it also has the ability to track changes, send alerts, etc. It seems there is no free API plan, the only free option is to use the website.

thingful – a search engine that is targeting only the Internet of Things

FOFA – is like Shodan, it also has a CLI tool and a Java, Go, C and Python library.

Greynoise – is like Shodan, be there is no free API plan, only web visualizer access. Also has a python library and a CLI tool.

BinaryEdge – like Shodan there are the search engine, honeypots/sensors detector but also an uncommon feature: Torrents/DHT Monitoring. There is a free Web & API plan.

Open source self hosted alternatives

IVRE – Source > is a network recon framework, including tools for passive recon (flow analytics relying on Bro, Argus, Nfdump, fingerprint analytics based on Bro and p0f) and active recon (IVRE uses Nmap to run scans, can use ZMap as a pre-scanner; IVRE can also import XML output from Nmap and Masscan).

It has a WebUI and a CLI tool.

purplepee – Source > it allows you to view general relations about a websites HTTP header, websites DNS records, websites SSL certificates and open TCP ports as well as ASN whois information.

In addition of the open-source project, there is also a public instance hosted online.

Thanks

First I want to thanks John C. Matherly a.k.a. @achillean to have created Shodan and maintained it for 10 years.

Then I also want to thanks Porter Adams (Co-Founder of Disappear Digital) and Ismael Gonzalez (http://osint.team/ member).

Finally I want to thanks Nathaniel Fried and Peter James Hansen for their amazing work at TurgenSec.

References

About the author

My name is Alexandre ZANNI aka noraj. I’m a pentester and ethical hacker. Also I’m a staff member of the RTFM association and a developer of BlackArch Linux.

My hacker page: pwn.by/noraj