Hong Kong is a vibrant city, and a major gateway to Mainland China. This page will give you the facts about Hong Kong - from the form of government to the languages used.

Government On 1 July 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and the Basic Law came into effect. The Basic Law is the constitutional document of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It enshrines within a legal document the important concepts of "one country, two systems", "Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong" and a high degree of autonomy. According to the Basic Law, Hong Kong's political system and way of life remain unchanged for 50 years. The rights and freedoms of people in Hong Kong are based on the impartial rule of law and an independent judiciary. Head of Government: Chief Executive

Cabinet: Executive Council

Legislature: Legislative Council (70 seats)

Highest Court: Court of Final Appeal Hong Kong's Government structureBasic Law

Economy Hong Kong's economy is characterised by free trade, low taxation and minimum government intervention. It is the world's 7th largest trading economy, with the mainland of China as its most significant trading partner. Hong Kong is also a major service economy, with particularly strong links to mainland China and the rest of the Asia-Pacific region. Currency: Hong Kong dollar

GDP: HK$2,842.9 billion (2018)

GDP per capita: HK$381,544 (2018)

Real GDP growth: +3.0% (2018)

Labour force: 3.979 million (2018) More on Hong Kong's economy

Public Holidays Hong Kong provides two types of public holidays: statutory and general holidays. Statutory holidays are mandated under the Employment Ordinance and must be provided to all employees. General holidays include every Sunday, all statutory holidays and an additional 5 holidays. Working week: Monday to Saturday

Statutory holidays: 12

General holidays: 17 (including the 12 statutory holidays) More information on statutory holidaysList of general holidays

Geography At the south-eastern tip of China, Hong Kong covers Hong Kong Island, Lantau Island, the Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories, including 262 outlying islands. Between Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula lies Victoria Harbour, one of the world's most renowned deep-water harbours. Total area: 1,106.66 square kilometres

Land developed: less than 25%

Country parks and nature reserves: 40% Hong Kong maps

Climate Hong Kong's climate is sub-tropical, with temperatures dropping below 10 degrees Celsius in winter and exceeding 31 degrees Celsius in summer. It is warm, sunny and dry in autumn, cool and dry in winter, warm and humid in spring, and hot and rainy in summer. Average annual rainfall: 2,398.5mm

Wettest months: June and August

Driest months: January and December More on Hong Kong's climate

Population Hong Kong's population was approximately 7.52 million in 2019. People of Chinese descent comprise the vast majority of the population. Population density: 6,880 people per square kilometre (as at mid-2018)

Crude birth rate: 7.2 per 1,000 (2018)

Percentage of population of Chinese ethnicity: 92% (as at mid-2016)

Other significant national groups Philippines (196,546 total) Indonesia (174,105 total) India (34,217 total).

More on Hong Kong's population