Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-20-1650 8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, September 4, 2020 Technical information: Household data: cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps Establishment data: cesinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/ces Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov (NOTE: BLS reissued this news release on September 23, 2020, to address minor data errors associated with the introduction in January 2020 of a new occupation classification system. The corrections affected a limited number of historical data series presented in tables A-8 and A-9 of this release; for these series, the impact was negligible. Most major series, including the official unemployment rate, were not affected. Estimates in the BLS online database were corrected for January–July 2020. For more information on these corrections, see www.bls.gov/bls/errata/revision-to-current-population-survey-estimates-for-January-through- July-2020.htm.) THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- AUGUST 2020 Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 1.4 million in August, and the unemployment rate fell to 8.4 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These improvements in the labor market reflect the continued resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. In August, an increase in government employment largely reflected temporary hiring for the 2020 Census. Notable job gains also occurred in retail trade, in professional and business services, in leisure and hospitality, and in education and health services. This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note. Household Survey Data In August, the unemployment rate declined by 1.8 percentage points to 8.4 percent, and the number of unemployed persons fell by 2.8 million to 13.6 million. Both measures have declined for 4 consecutive months but are higher than in February, by 4.9 percentage points and 7.8 million, respectively. (See table A-1. For more information about how the household survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note at the end of this news release.) Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined in August for adult men (8.0 percent), adult women (8.4 percent), teenagers (16.1 percent), Whites (7.3 percent), Blacks (13.0 percent), and Hispanics (10.5 percent). The jobless rate for Asians (10.7 percent) changed little over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff decreased by 3.1 million in August to 6.2 million, down considerably from the series high of 18.1 million in April. In August, the number of permanent job losers increased by 534,000 to 3.4 million; this measure has risen by 2.1 million since February. The number of unemployed reentrants to the labor force declined by 263,000 to 2.1 million. (Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were not in the labor force prior to beginning their job search.) (See table A-11.) The number of unemployed persons who were jobless less than 5 weeks decreased by 921,000 to 2.3 million in August, and the number of persons jobless 5 to 14 weeks fell by 2.0 million to 3.1 million. The long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) numbered 1.6 million, little changed over the month. (See table A-12.) The labor force participation rate increased by 0.3 percentage point to 61.7 percent in August but is 1.7 percentage points below its February level. Total employment, as measured by the household survey, rose by 3.8 million in August to 147.3 million. The employment-population ratio rose by 1.4 percentage points to 56.5 percent but is 4.6 percentage points lower than in February. (See table A-1.) In August, the number of persons who usually work full time rose by 2.8 million to 122.4 million, and the number who usually work part time increased by 991,000 to 25.0 million. Part-time workers accounted for about one-fourth of the over-the-month employment gain. (See table A-9.) The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) declined by 871,000 to 7.6 million in August, reflecting a decrease in the number of people who worked part time due to slack work or business conditions (-1.1 million). The number of involuntary part-time workers is 3.3 million higher than in February. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. This group includes persons who usually work full time and persons who usually work part time. (See table A-8.) In August, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job declined by 747,000 to 7.0 million; this measure is 2.0 million higher than in February. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, the number of persons marginally attached to the labor force, at 2.1 million, changed little in August. These individuals had not actively looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey but wanted a job, were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, decreased by 130,000 in August to 535,000. (See Summary table A.) Household Survey Supplemental Data In August, 24.3 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, down from 26.4 percent in July. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at home for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the coronavirus pandemic. In August, 24.2 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic--that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 31.3 million in July. Among those who reported in August that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 11.6 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours not worked. About 5.2 million persons not in the labor force in August were prevented from looking for work due to the pandemic. This is down from 6.5 million in July. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition, individuals must either be actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May to help gauge the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. Establishment Survey Data Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 1.4 million in August, following increases of larger magnitude in the prior 3 months. In August, nonfarm employment was below its February level by 11.5 million, or 7.6 percent. Government employment rose in August, largely reflecting temporary hiring for the 2020 Census. Notable job gains also occurred in retail trade, in professional and business services, in leisure and hospitality, and in education and health services. (See table B-1. For more information about how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note at the end of this news release.) Employment in government increased by 344,000 in August, accounting for one-fourth of the over- the-month gain in total nonfarm employment. A job gain in federal government (+251,000) reflected the hiring of 238,000 temporary 2020 Census workers. Local government employment rose by 95,000 over the month. Overall, government employment is 831,000 below its February level. Retail trade added 249,000 jobs in August, with almost half the growth occurring in general merchandise stores (+116,000). Notable gains also occurred in motor vehicle and parts dealers (+22,000), electronics and appliance stores (+21,000), and miscellaneous store retailers (+17,000). Employment in retail trade is 655,000 lower than in February. In August, employment in professional and business services increased by 197,000. More than half of the gain occurred in temporary help services (+107,000). Architectural and engineering services (+14,000), business support services (+13,000), and computer systems design and related services (+13,000) also added jobs over the month. Employment in professional and business services is 1.5 million below its February level. Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 174,000 in August, with about three-fourths of the gain occurring in food services and drinking places (+134,000). Despite job gains totaling 3.6 million over the last 4 months, employment in food services and drinking places is down by 2.5 million since February. In August, employment in education and health services increased by 147,000 but is 1.5 million below February's level. Health care employment increased by 75,000 over the month, with gains in offices of physicians (+27,000), offices of dentists (+22,000), hospitals (+14,000), and home health care services (+12,000). Elsewhere in health care, job losses continued in nursing and residential care facilities (-14,000). Employment in private education rose by 57,000 over the month. Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 78,000 in August, with gains in warehousing and storage (+34,000), transit and ground passenger transportation (+11,000), and truck transportation (+10,000). Employment in transportation and warehousing is down by 381,000 since February. The other services industry added 74,000 jobs in August, reflecting gains in membership associations and organizations (+31,000), repair and maintenance (+29,000), and personal and laundry services (+14,000). Employment in other services is 531,000 lower than in February. Financial activities added 36,000 jobs in August, with most of the growth in real estate and rental and leasing (+23,000). Employment in financial activities is down by 191,000 since February. In August, manufacturing employment rose by 29,000, with gains concentrated in the nondurable goods component (+27,000). Despite gains in recent months, employment in manufacturing is 720,000 below February's level. Employment in wholesale trade increased by 14,000 in August, reflecting an increase of 9,000 in the nondurable goods component. Wholesale trade employment has declined by 328,000 since February. In August, employment changed little in mining, construction, and information. In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 11 cents to $29.47. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 18 cents to $24.81, following a decrease of 10 cents in the prior month. The large employment fluctuations over the past several months--especially in industries with lower-paid workers--complicate the analysis of recent trends in average hourly earnings. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.6 hours in August. In manufacturing, the workweek rose by 0.3 hour to 40.0 hours, and overtime increased by 0.1 hour to 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.0 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down by 10,000, from +4,791,000 to +4,781,000, and the change for July was revised down by 29,000, from +1,763,000 to +1,734,000. With these revisions, employment in June and July combined was 39,000 less than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) _____________ The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 2, 2020, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). _______________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on August 2020 Establishment and Household Survey Data | | | | Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the | | establishment survey, approximately one-fifth of the establishments are assigned to four | | regional data collection centers for collection. Although these centers were closed, | | interviewers at these centers worked remotely to collect data by telephone. Additionally, BLS | | encouraged businesses to report electronically. The collection rate for the establishment | | survey was 77 percent in August, higher than the average for the 12 months ending in February | | 2020. The household survey is generally conducted through in-person and telephone interviews. | | However, for the safety of both interviewers and respondents, the vast majority of interviews | | were done by telephone, with in-person interviews conducted on a limited basis in some areas | | of the country. The household survey response rate was 70 percent in August, up from the low | | of 65 percent in June but well below the average rate of 83 percent for the 12 months prior | | to the pandemic. | | | | In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any part of | | the pay period including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even if they were not | | actually at their jobs. Workers who are temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and | | are not being paid are not counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive | | benefits. | | | | In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the | | labor force based on their answers to a series of questions about their activities during the | | survey reference week (August 9th through August 15th). Workers who indicate they were not | | working during the entire survey reference week and expect to be recalled to their jobs | | should be classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. As in recent months, a large number | | of persons were classified as unemployed on temporary layoff in August. | | | | Since March, household survey interviewers have been instructed to classify employed persons | | absent from work due to temporary, coronavirus-related business closures or cutbacks as | | unemployed on temporary layoff. BLS and Census Bureau analyses of the underlying data suggest | | there still may be some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as | | unemployed on temporary layoff. However, the share of responses that may have been | | misclassified was much smaller in July and August than in prior months. | | | | For March through July, BLS published an estimate of what the unemployment rate would have | | been had misclassified workers been included. Repeating this same approach, the overall | | August unemployment rate would have been 0.7 percentage point higher than reported. However, | | this represents the upper bound of our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates | | the size of the misclassification error. | | | | According to usual practice, the data from the household survey are accepted as recorded. To | | maintain data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify survey responses. | | | | More information is available at | | www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-august-2020.htm. | |_______________________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Category Aug.

2019 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Change from:

July

2020-

Aug.

2020 Employment status Civilian noninstitutional population 259,432 260,204 260,373 260,558 185 Civilian labor force 163,894 159,932 159,870 160,838 968 Participation rate 63.2 61.5 61.4 61.7 0.3 Employed 157,895 142,182 143,532 147,288 3,756 Employment-population ratio 60.9 54.6 55.1 56.5 1.4 Unemployed 5,999 17,750 16,338 13,550 -2,788 Unemployment rate 3.7 11.1 10.2 8.4 -1.8 Not in labor force 95,538 100,273 100,503 99,720 -783 Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over 3.7 11.1 10.2 8.4 -1.8 Adult men (20 years and over) 3.3 10.2 9.4 8.0 -1.4 Adult women (20 years and over) 3.3 11.2 10.5 8.4 -2.1 Teenagers (16 to 19 years) 12.5 23.2 19.3 16.1 -3.2 White 3.4 10.1 9.2 7.3 -1.9 Black or African American 5.4 15.4 14.6 13.0 -1.6 Asian 2.8 13.8 12.0 10.7 -1.3 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 4.2 14.5 12.9 10.5 -2.4 Total, 25 years and over 2.9 9.7 9.1 7.6 -1.5 Less than a high school diploma 5.4 16.6 15.4 12.6 -2.8 High school graduates, no college 3.6 12.1 10.8 9.8 -1.0 Some college or associate degree 3.0 10.9 10.0 8.0 -2.0 Bachelor's degree and higher 2.1 6.9 6.7 5.3 -1.4 Reason for unemployment Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs 2,864 14,272 12,924 10,307 -2,617 Job leavers 784 565 571 589 18 Reentrants 1,785 2,356 2,358 2,095 -263 New entrants 577 563 513 554 41 Duration of unemployment Less than 5 weeks 2,218 2,838 3,202 2,281 -921 5 to 14 weeks 1,746 11,496 5,169 3,134 -2,035 15 to 26 weeks 831 1,903 6,484 6,517 33 27 weeks and over 1,251 1,391 1,501 1,624 123 Employed persons at work part time Part time for economic reasons 4,381 9,062 8,443 7,572 -871 Slack work or business conditions 2,683 7,939 7,281 6,214 -1,067 Could only find part-time work 1,338 942 1,048 1,139 91 Part time for noneconomic reasons 21,673 17,137 17,792 18,630 838 Persons not in the labor force Marginally attached to the labor force 1,548 2,471 1,979 2,080 101 Discouraged workers 440 681 665 535 -130 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.



ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Aug.

2019 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands) Total nonfarm 207 4,781 1,734 1,371 Total private 157 4,729 1,481 1,027 Goods-producing 2 485 61 43 Mining and logging -5 -7 -7 -2 Construction 4 159 27 16 Manufacturing 3 333 41 29 Durable goods -1 265 26 2 Motor vehicles and parts -0.6 187.5 44.9 -5.3 Nondurable goods 4 68 15 27 Private service-providing 155 4,244 1,420 984 Wholesale trade 0.6 51.9 -19.6 13.5 Retail trade -0.6 858.0 236.2 248.9 Transportation and warehousing -4.1 87.2 48.8 78.1 Utilities -0.7 -2.9 0.6 0.6 Information -1 7 -9 15 Financial activities 15 20 13 36 Professional and business services 40 311 153 197 Temporary help services 3.6 144.6 121.8 106.7 Education and health services 58 567 222 147 Health care and social assistance 56.5 466.2 195.7 90.1 Leisure and hospitality 42 1,979 621 174 Other services 5 366 154 74 Government 50 52 253 344 (3-month average change, in thousands) Total nonfarm 194 -4,427 3,080 2,629 Total private 166 -3,957 3,149 2,412 WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES Total nonfarm women employees 49.9 49.5 49.7 49.8 Total private women employees 48.5 48.1 48.2 48.3 Total private production and nonsupervisory employees 82.3 81.0 81.2 81.3 HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES Total private Average weekly hours 34.4 34.6 34.5 34.6 Average hourly earnings $28.16 $29.32 $29.36 $29.47 Average weekly earnings $968.70 $1,014.47 $1,012.92 $1,019.66 Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100) 111.0 101.2 102.2 103.4 Over-the-month percent change 0.5 3.9 1.0 1.2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100) 149.4 141.8 143.4 145.6 Over-the-month percent change 0.8 2.6 1.1 1.5 DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span) Total private (258 industries) 56.2 76.0 59.9 69.0 Manufacturing (76 industries) 53.3 79.6 48.0 59.2 NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.





Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to- month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The Employment Situation news release. 3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance benefits? No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently looking for work? Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private- businesses-pay-workers.htm. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather- related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity. Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death employment. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.3 percent. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Aug.

2019 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Apr.

2020 May

2020 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population 259,432 260,373 260,558 259,432 259,896 260,047 260,204 260,373 260,558 Civilian labor force 164,019 161,374 160,966 163,894 156,481 158,227 159,932 159,870 160,838 Participation rate 63.2 62.0 61.8 63.2 60.2 60.8 61.5 61.4 61.7 Employed 157,816 144,492 147,224 157,895 133,403 137,242 142,182 143,532 147,288 Employment-population ratio 60.8 55.5 56.5 60.9 51.3 52.8 54.6 55.1 56.5 Unemployed 6,203 16,882 13,742 5,999 23,078 20,985 17,750 16,338 13,550 Unemployment rate 3.8 10.5 8.5 3.7 14.7 13.3 11.1 10.2 8.4 Not in labor force 95,413 98,998 99,592 95,538 103,415 101,820 100,273 100,503 99,720 Persons who currently want a job 5,331 8,003 7,184 5,117 9,916 8,962 8,195 7,732 6,985 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 125,481 125,944 126,036 125,481 125,707 125,782 125,860 125,944 126,036 Civilian labor force 87,155 85,685 85,600 86,824 83,139 83,900 84,596 84,533 85,315 Participation rate 69.5 68.0 67.9 69.2 66.1 66.7 67.2 67.1 67.7 Employed 84,077 77,375 78,711 83,613 71,916 73,702 75,629 76,212 78,255 Employment-population ratio 67.0 61.4 62.5 66.6 57.2 58.6 60.1 60.5 62.1 Unemployed 3,078 8,310 6,889 3,210 11,223 10,199 8,967 8,321 7,061 Unemployment rate 3.5 9.7 8.0 3.7 13.5 12.2 10.6 9.8 8.3 Not in labor force 38,326 40,258 40,436 38,657 42,569 41,881 41,264 41,411 40,720 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 117,040 117,580 117,672 117,040 117,330 117,410 117,492 117,580 117,672 Civilian labor force 83,939 82,353 82,554 83,852 80,461 81,057 81,995 81,904 82,512 Participation rate 71.7 70.0 70.2 71.6 68.6 69.0 69.8 69.7 70.1 Employed 81,272 74,756 76,178 81,046 69,977 71,672 73,641 74,184 75,945 Employment-population ratio 69.4 63.6 64.7 69.2 59.6 61.0 62.7 63.1 64.5 Unemployed 2,667 7,597 6,376 2,806 10,483 9,385 8,354 7,720 6,567 Unemployment rate 3.2 9.2 7.7 3.3 13.0 11.6 10.2 9.4 8.0 Not in labor force 33,101 35,227 35,118 33,187 36,870 36,352 35,497 35,676 35,160 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 133,951 134,429 134,523 133,951 134,189 134,265 134,344 134,429 134,523 Civilian labor force 76,864 75,689 75,366 77,070 73,343 74,327 75,336 75,337 75,523 Participation rate 57.4 56.3 56.0 57.5 54.7 55.4 56.1 56.0 56.1 Employed 73,740 67,117 68,513 74,282 61,487 63,540 66,552 67,320 69,033 Employment-population ratio 55.0 49.9 50.9 55.5 45.8 47.3 49.5 50.1 51.3 Unemployed 3,125 8,572 6,853 2,788 11,855 10,787 8,783 8,017 6,489 Unemployment rate 4.1 11.3 9.1 3.6 16.2 14.5 11.7 10.6 8.6 Not in labor force 57,087 58,740 59,156 56,881 60,847 59,938 59,009 59,092 59,000 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 125,705 126,243 126,336 125,705 125,991 126,072 126,155 126,243 126,336 Civilian labor force 73,756 72,404 72,415 74,116 70,913 71,558 72,580 72,720 72,715 Participation rate 58.7 57.4 57.3 59.0 56.3 56.8 57.5 57.6 57.6 Employed 70,983 64,384 65,997 71,665 59,947 61,638 64,426 65,113 66,637 Employment-population ratio 56.5 51.0 52.2 57.0 47.6 48.9 51.1 51.6 52.7 Unemployed 2,773 8,020 6,418 2,451 10,966 9,920 8,154 7,607 6,078 Unemployment rate 3.8 11.1 8.9 3.3 15.5 13.9 11.2 10.5 8.4 Not in labor force 51,949 53,839 53,921 51,590 55,079 54,514 53,575 53,523 53,622 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population 16,687 16,550 16,550 16,687 16,574 16,566 16,557 16,550 16,550 Civilian labor force 6,324 6,618 5,998 5,926 5,108 5,612 5,356 5,245 5,611 Participation rate 37.9 40.0 36.2 35.5 30.8 33.9 32.3 31.7 33.9 Employed 5,560 5,353 5,049 5,184 3,479 3,932 4,114 4,235 4,706 Employment-population ratio 33.3 32.3 30.5 31.1 21.0 23.7 24.8 25.6 28.4 Unemployed 763 1,265 949 742 1,628 1,681 1,242 1,011 905 Unemployment rate 12.1 19.1 15.8 12.5 31.9 29.9 23.2 19.3 16.1 Not in labor force 10,363 9,932 10,552 10,761 11,467 10,953 11,201 11,304 10,939 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.



HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands] Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Aug.

2019 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Apr.

2020 May

2020 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population 200,953 201,319 201,417 200,953 201,082 201,154 201,233 201,319 201,417 Civilian labor force 126,920 124,664 124,491 126,853 121,242 122,661 124,009 123,618 124,471 Participation rate 63.2 61.9 61.8 63.1 60.3 61.0 61.6 61.4 61.8 Employed 122,439 112,913 115,205 122,566 104,065 107,499 111,538 112,226 115,354 Employment-population ratio 60.9 56.1 57.2 61.0 51.8 53.4 55.4 55.7 57.3 Unemployed 4,481 11,752 9,286 4,286 17,176 15,162 12,470 11,392 9,118 Unemployment rate 3.5 9.4 7.5 3.4 14.2 12.4 10.1 9.2 7.3 Not in labor force 74,033 76,655 76,927 74,100 79,840 78,493 77,224 77,701 76,946 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force 66,119 64,672 64,909 66,064 63,645 64,125 64,688 64,420 64,911 Participation rate 71.8 70.1 70.3 71.8 69.1 69.5 70.1 69.8 70.3 Employed 64,252 59,432 60,577 64,099 55,776 57,263 58,898 59,054 60,425 Employment-population ratio 69.8 64.4 65.6 69.6 60.5 62.1 63.8 64.0 65.4 Unemployed 1,867 5,240 4,331 1,965 7,869 6,862 5,790 5,367 4,485 Unemployment rate 2.8 8.1 6.7 3.0 12.4 10.7 9.0 8.3 6.9 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force 55,839 54,843 54,837 56,152 53,634 54,294 55,147 55,124 55,124 Participation rate 57.8 56.6 56.6 58.1 55.4 56.1 56.9 56.9 56.9 Employed 53,798 49,214 50,557 54,379 45,563 47,195 49,440 49,822 51,124 Employment-population ratio 55.7 50.8 52.2 56.3 47.1 48.8 51.1 51.4 52.7 Unemployed 2,042 5,629 4,279 1,773 8,071 7,099 5,707 5,302 4,000 Unemployment rate 3.7 10.3 7.8 3.2 15.0 13.1 10.3 9.6 7.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force 4,962 5,150 4,746 4,636 3,963 4,242 4,174 4,074 4,437 Participation rate 40.5 42.4 39.1 37.9 32.6 34.9 34.4 33.6 36.6 Employed 4,389 4,266 4,070 4,088 2,727 3,041 3,201 3,350 3,805 Employment-population ratio 35.9 35.1 33.5 33.4 22.4 25.0 26.4 27.6 31.4 Unemployed 573 884 676 548 1,236 1,202 973 724 632 Unemployment rate 11.5 17.2 14.2 11.8 31.2 28.3 23.3 17.8 14.2 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population 33,081 33,353 33,386 33,081 33,267 33,294 33,323 33,353 33,386 Civilian labor force 20,645 20,321 20,199 20,604 19,487 19,858 20,010 20,094 20,150 Participation rate 62.4 60.9 60.5 62.3 58.6 59.6 60.0 60.2 60.4 Employed 19,503 17,283 17,551 19,485 16,240 16,523 16,927 17,161 17,528 Employment-population ratio 59.0 51.8 52.6 58.9 48.8 49.6 50.8 51.5 52.5 Unemployed 1,143 3,038 2,648 1,119 3,247 3,334 3,083 2,933 2,621 Unemployment rate 5.5 15.0 13.1 5.4 16.7 16.8 15.4 14.6 13.0 Not in labor force 12,435 13,031 13,187 12,477 13,780 13,436 13,313 13,258 13,237 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force 9,546 9,319 9,331 9,487 8,880 8,970 9,161 9,229 9,277 Participation rate 68.7 66.3 66.3 68.2 63.4 63.9 65.2 65.6 65.9 Employed 9,005 7,923 8,125 8,937 7,448 7,583 7,670 7,827 8,051 Employment-population ratio 64.8 56.4 57.7 64.3 53.2 54.1 54.6 55.7 57.2 Unemployed 540 1,396 1,206 550 1,432 1,388 1,492 1,402 1,225 Unemployment rate 5.7 15.0 12.9 5.8 16.1 15.5 16.3 15.2 13.2 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force 10,346 10,136 10,141 10,400 9,995 10,097 10,113 10,156 10,174 Participation rate 61.9 60.0 60.0 62.2 59.4 59.9 60.0 60.2 60.2 Employed 9,858 8,702 8,870 9,944 8,351 8,426 8,693 8,785 8,949 Employment-population ratio 59.0 51.6 52.5 59.5 49.6 50.0 51.6 52.0 53.0 Unemployed 488 1,433 1,271 456 1,644 1,671 1,420 1,371 1,224 Unemployment rate 4.7 14.1 12.5 4.4 16.4 16.5 14.0 13.5 12.0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force 753 866 727 717 612 791 735 709 699 Participation rate 30.6 35.9 30.1 29.1 25.2 32.7 30.4 29.4 29.0 Employed 639 657 556 604 441 515 564 549 527 Employment-population ratio 26.0 27.2 23.0 24.6 18.2 21.3 23.3 22.7 21.9 Unemployed 114 209 171 113 171 276 171 160 172 Unemployment rate 15.2 24.2 23.5 15.8 28.0 34.9 23.2 22.5 24.6 ASIAN Civilian noninstitutional population 16,433 16,420 16,597 16,433 16,363 16,385 16,471 16,420 16,597 Civilian labor force 10,554 10,481 10,627 10,527 9,938 9,968 10,108 10,408 10,595 Participation rate 64.2 63.8 64.0 64.1 60.7 60.8 61.4 63.4 63.8 Employed 10,248 9,207 9,491 10,227 8,499 8,475 8,717 9,163 9,462 Employment-population ratio 62.4 56.1 57.2 62.2 51.9 51.7 52.9 55.8 57.0 Unemployed 306 1,274 1,136 299 1,438 1,493 1,392 1,245 1,133 Unemployment rate 2.9 12.2 10.7 2.8 14.5 15.0 13.8 12.0 10.7 Not in labor force 5,879 5,939 5,969 5,906 6,425 6,417 6,362 6,012 6,001 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.



HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Aug.

2019 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Apr.

2020 May

2020 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population 43,630 44,212 44,300 43,630 43,975 44,053 44,132 44,212 44,300 Civilian labor force 29,065 28,737 28,901 29,088 27,841 28,218 28,907 28,560 28,925 Participation rate 66.6 65.0 65.2 66.7 63.3 64.1 65.5 64.6 65.3 Employed 27,849 24,998 25,859 27,876 22,579 23,241 24,711 24,885 25,886 Employment-population ratio 63.8 56.5 58.4 63.9 51.3 52.8 56.0 56.3 58.4 Unemployed 1,216 3,739 3,042 1,213 5,263 4,977 4,195 3,675 3,040 Unemployment rate 4.2 13.0 10.5 4.2 18.9 17.6 14.5 12.9 10.5 Not in labor force 14,565 15,475 15,399 14,542 16,133 15,834 15,225 15,652 15,375 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force 15,726 15,538 15,763 15,719 15,337 15,493 15,588 15,488 15,761 Participation rate 79.8 77.8 78.8 79.8 77.2 77.9 78.2 77.6 78.8 Employed 15,244 13,832 14,261 15,191 12,776 13,154 13,590 13,728 14,213 Employment-population ratio 77.4 69.3 71.3 77.1 64.3 66.1 68.2 68.8 71.0 Unemployed 482 1,706 1,502 528 2,561 2,338 1,999 1,761 1,549 Unemployment rate 3.1 11.0 9.5 3.4 16.7 15.1 12.8 11.4 9.8 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force 12,034 11,825 11,831 12,119 11,348 11,510 11,999 11,881 11,904 Participation rate 60.4 58.5 58.4 60.8 56.4 57.1 59.4 58.7 58.7 Employed 11,494 10,124 10,547 11,609 9,060 9,326 10,158 10,217 10,649 Employment-population ratio 57.7 50.0 52.0 58.2 45.0 46.3 50.3 50.5 52.5 Unemployed 540 1,701 1,284 510 2,288 2,184 1,841 1,664 1,255 Unemployment rate 4.5 14.4 10.9 4.2 20.2 19.0 15.3 14.0 10.5 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force 1,305 1,374 1,307 1,250 1,157 1,216 1,319 1,191 1,260 Participation rate 32.6 34.2 32.5 31.3 28.9 30.3 32.9 29.7 31.3 Employed 1,111 1,042 1,051 1,075 743 761 964 940 1,024 Employment-population ratio 27.8 25.9 26.1 26.9 18.6 19.0 24.0 23.4 25.5 Unemployed 194 332 256 175 414 454 355 251 236 Unemployment rate 14.9 24.2 19.6 14.0 35.8 37.4 26.9 21.0 18.7 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.



HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands] Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Aug.

2019 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Apr.

2020 May

2020 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force 10,062 8,093 8,545 10,020 8,595 8,212 8,342 8,255 8,500 Participation rate 47.3 44.0 45.1 47.1 42.8 41.9 42.9 44.9 44.9 Employed 9,585 6,884 7,536 9,478 6,774 6,577 6,958 6,981 7,427 Employment-population ratio 45.0 37.4 39.8 44.5 33.7 33.5 35.7 38.0 39.2 Unemployed 477 1,209 1,009 542 1,821 1,634 1,385 1,274 1,073 Unemployment rate 4.7 14.9 11.8 5.4 21.2 19.9 16.6 15.4 12.6 High school graduates, no college Civilian labor force 36,554 33,934 34,365 36,313 33,252 33,792 33,598 33,942 34,129 Participation rate 57.7 55.4 55.3 57.3 54.6 55.0 55.3 55.4 54.9 Employed 35,252 30,274 31,007 35,011 27,505 28,605 29,519 30,266 30,768 Employment-population ratio 55.6 49.4 49.9 55.3 45.1 46.6 48.6 49.4 49.5 Unemployed 1,302 3,660 3,358 1,302 5,747 5,187 4,079 3,677 3,361 Unemployment rate 3.6 10.8 9.8 3.6 17.3 15.3 12.1 10.8 9.8 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force 37,404 36,459 36,155 37,701 35,860 36,381 36,661 36,455 36,427 Participation rate 65.1 63.4 63.5 65.6 62.5 63.3 63.8 63.4 64.0 Employed 36,191 32,755 33,169 36,558 30,485 31,559 32,662 32,816 33,504 Employment-population ratio 63.0 57.0 58.3 63.6 53.1 54.9 56.9 57.1 58.9 Unemployed 1,213 3,704 2,987 1,143 5,376 4,821 3,999 3,639 2,922 Unemployment rate 3.2 10.2 8.3 3.0 15.0 13.3 10.9 10.0 8.0 Bachelor's degree and higher Civilian labor force 58,295 61,410 61,379 58,866 60,127 60,442 61,861 61,847 61,930 Participation rate 73.2 71.6 72.1 74.0 71.6 71.9 72.7 72.1 72.8 Employed 56,891 57,072 57,935 57,630 55,084 55,992 57,614 57,710 58,654 Employment-population ratio 71.5 66.6 68.1 72.4 65.6 66.6 67.7 67.3 68.9 Unemployed 1,405 4,338 3,444 1,236 5,043 4,450 4,247 4,137 3,276 Unemployment rate 2.4 7.1 5.6 2.1 8.4 7.4 6.9 6.7 5.3 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.



HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 VETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 18,776 18,422 16,890 16,515 1,886 1,907 Civilian labor force 9,196 8,821 8,110 7,796 1,086 1,025 Participation rate 49.0 47.9 48.0 47.2 57.6 53.8 Employed 8,873 8,261 7,821 7,320 1,052 941 Employment-population ratio 47.3 44.8 46.3 44.3 55.8 49.4 Unemployed 323 560 289 476 34 84 Unemployment rate 3.5 6.4 3.6 6.1 3.2 8.2 Not in labor force 9,580 9,601 8,780 8,719 800 882 Gulf War-era II veterans Civilian noninstitutional population 4,360 4,578 3,619 3,833 740 744 Civilian labor force 3,478 3,637 2,989 3,171 490 467 Participation rate 79.8 79.5 82.6 82.7 66.2 62.7 Employed 3,339 3,382 2,866 2,936 473 446 Employment-population ratio 76.6 73.9 79.2 76.6 63.9 59.9 Unemployed 140 256 123 235 17 21 Unemployment rate 4.0 7.0 4.1 7.4 3.4 4.5 Not in labor force 881 940 631 663 251 278 Gulf War-era I veterans Civilian noninstitutional population 3,059 3,002 2,567 2,479 493 524 Civilian labor force 2,336 2,214 1,998 1,841 338 372 Participation rate 76.4 73.7 77.8 74.3 68.6 71.0 Employed 2,257 2,110 1,927 1,782 330 328 Employment-population ratio 73.8 70.3 75.1 71.9 67.0 62.7 Unemployed 80 104 71 60 8 44 Unemployment rate 3.4 4.7 3.6 3.2 2.5 11.8 Not in labor force 723 789 569 637 155 152 World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans Civilian noninstitutional population 7,162 6,776 6,915 6,539 247 237 Civilian labor force 1,429 1,165 1,380 1,142 49 23 Participation rate 19.9 17.2 20.0 17.5 19.8 9.7 Employed 1,387 1,093 1,345 1,073 43 20 Employment-population ratio 19.4 16.1 19.4 16.4 17.4 8.4 Unemployed 41 72 35 69 6 3 Unemployment rate 2.9 6.2 2.6 6.0 - - Not in labor force 5,733 5,611 5,535 5,397 198 214 Veterans of other service periods Civilian noninstitutional population 4,195 4,066 3,789 3,664 406 402 Civilian labor force 1,953 1,806 1,744 1,642 209 164 Participation rate 46.6 44.4 46.0 44.8 51.5 40.7 Employed 1,890 1,677 1,684 1,529 206 148 Employment-population ratio 45.1 41.2 44.4 41.7 50.8 36.7 Unemployed 63 129 59 113 3 16 Unemployment rate 3.2 7.1 3.4 6.9 1.5 9.8 Not in labor force 2,242 2,260 2,045 2,022 197 238 NONVETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 232,023 233,177 104,201 105,012 127,821 128,165 Civilian labor force 152,502 149,789 77,872 76,683 74,630 73,106 Participation rate 65.7 64.2 74.7 73.0 58.4 57.0 Employed 146,893 136,921 75,226 70,410 71,667 66,511 Employment-population ratio 63.3 58.7 72.2 67.0 56.1 51.9 Unemployed 5,609 12,868 2,646 6,273 2,963 6,595 Unemployment rate 3.7 8.6 3.4 8.2 4.0 9.0 Not in labor force 79,520 83,388 26,329 28,329 53,191 55,059 NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.





HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 TOTAL, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 30,067 29,304 229,365 231,254 Civilian labor force 6,413 6,050 157,606 154,916 Participation rate 21.3 20.6 68.7 67.0 Employed 5,954 5,254 151,862 141,970 Employment-population ratio 19.8 17.9 66.2 61.4 Unemployed 459 796 5,743 12,946 Unemployment rate 7.2 13.2 3.6 8.4 Not in labor force 23,654 23,253 71,759 76,338 Men, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force 2,700 2,610 78,432 77,128 Participation rate 36.4 36.1 83.3 81.9 Employed 2,506 2,281 75,717 71,015 Employment-population ratio 33.8 31.6 80.4 75.4 Unemployed 194 329 2,714 6,113 Unemployment rate 7.2 12.6 3.5 7.9 Not in labor force 4,713 4,616 15,756 17,000 Women, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force 2,509 2,266 69,635 68,392 Participation rate 33.0 31.1 71.8 70.4 Employed 2,303 1,897 66,881 62,360 Employment-population ratio 30.3 26.1 68.9 64.2 Unemployed 206 368 2,754 6,032 Unemployment rate 8.2 16.3 4.0 8.8 Not in labor force 5,097 5,012 27,398 28,719 Both sexes, 65 years and over Civilian labor force 1,204 1,174 9,539 9,396 Participation rate 8.0 7.9 25.0 23.5 Employed 1,145 1,076 9,264 8,595 Employment-population ratio 7.6 7.3 24.3 21.5 Unemployed 59 99 275 801 Unemployment rate 4.9 8.4 2.9 8.5 Not in labor force 13,843 13,625 28,605 30,620 NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.



HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Employment status and nativity Total Men Women Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 Foreign born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 42,764 42,041 20,498 20,287 22,266 21,754 Civilian labor force 28,153 27,325 15,912 15,547 12,241 11,778 Participation rate 65.8 65.0 77.6 76.6 55.0 54.1 Employed 27,272 24,551 15,524 14,225 11,747 10,326 Employment-population ratio 63.8 58.4 75.7 70.1 52.8 47.5 Unemployed 881 2,774 388 1,322 493 1,451 Unemployment rate 3.1 10.2 2.4 8.5 4.0 12.3 Not in labor force 14,611 14,716 4,586 4,739 10,025 9,977 Native born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 216,668 218,517 104,983 105,749 111,685 112,768 Civilian labor force 135,866 133,641 71,242 70,053 64,624 63,588 Participation rate 62.7 61.2 67.9 66.2 57.9 56.4 Employed 130,545 122,673 68,552 64,486 61,992 58,186 Employment-population ratio 60.3 56.1 65.3 61.0 55.5 51.6 Unemployed 5,322 10,968 2,690 5,566 2,632 5,402 Unemployment rate 3.9 8.2 3.8 7.9 4.1 8.5 Not in labor force 80,802 84,876 33,741 35,696 47,061 49,180 NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.





HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands] Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Aug.

2019 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Apr.

2020 May

2020 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries 2,501 2,271 2,259 2,414 2,424 2,341 2,297 2,128 2,159 Wage and salary workers 1,665 1,518 1,457 1,579 1,694 1,569 1,530 1,446 1,422 Self-employed workers, unincorporated 817 714 788 785 701 738 716 677 736 Unpaid family workers 19 39 14 - - - - - - Nonagricultural industries 155,315 142,221 144,965 155,546 131,053 134,966 139,944 141,487 145,156 Wage and salary workers 146,376 133,575 136,073 146,586 123,400 126,943 131,444 132,888 136,258 Government 20,362 19,614 20,445 20,968 19,208 19,763 20,895 20,597 21,132 Private industries 126,014 113,961 115,628 125,582 104,148 107,164 110,584 112,361 115,172 Private households 869 708 715 - - - - - - Other industries 125,145 113,253 114,913 124,731 103,663 106,660 110,045 111,663 114,478 Self-employed workers, unincorporated 8,863 8,564 8,815 8,895 7,546 7,944 8,376 8,559 8,808 Unpaid family workers 76 82 77 - - - - - - PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries Part time for economic reasons 4,316 8,572 7,488 4,381 10,887 10,633 9,062 8,443 7,572 Slack work or business conditions 2,623 7,280 6,106 2,683 9,939 9,543 7,939 7,281 6,214 Could only find part-time work 1,252 1,034 1,039 1,338 697 843 942 1,048 1,139 Part time for noneconomic reasons 20,138 16,384 17,110 21,673 12,355 14,394 17,137 17,792 18,630 Nonagricultural industries Part time for economic reasons 4,237 8,521 7,387 4,303 10,730 10,485 8,961 8,382 7,468 Slack work or business conditions 2,560 7,239 6,033 2,626 9,780 9,408 7,860 7,234 6,148 Could only find part-time work 1,242 1,026 1,027 1,325 695 836 941 1,047 1,124 Part time for noneconomic reasons 19,727 15,998 16,744 21,284 11,970 14,009 16,793 17,404 18,264 - Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.



HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands] Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Aug.

2019 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Apr.

2020 May

2020 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over 157,816 144,492 147,224 157,895 133,403 137,242 142,182 143,532 147,288 16 to 19 years 5,560 5,353 5,049 5,184 3,479 3,932 4,114 4,235 4,706 16 to 17 years 2,050 2,124 2,042 1,839 1,302 1,420 1,501 1,727 1,845 18 to 19 years 3,510 3,229 3,007 3,347 2,154 2,495 2,649 2,581 2,838 20 years and over 152,256 139,139 142,175 152,711 129,924 133,310 138,068 139,297 142,582 20 to 24 years 14,337 12,154 12,528 14,047 10,023 10,608 11,249 11,593 12,253 25 years and over 137,918 126,985 129,647 138,542 119,906 122,691 126,771 127,741 130,231 25 to 54 years 100,626 92,504 94,500 101,074 87,769 89,943 92,702 93,068 94,928 25 to 34 years 35,806 31,962 32,765 35,945 30,453 31,299 32,028 32,105 32,889 35 to 44 years 33,062 31,215 31,873 33,165 29,607 30,088 30,991 31,398 31,972 45 to 54 years 31,759 29,327 29,863 31,964 27,709 28,555 29,683 29,565 30,067 55 years and over 37,292 34,481 35,147 37,468 32,137 32,748 34,069 34,673 35,304 Men, 16 years and over 84,077 77,375 78,711 83,613 71,916 73,702 75,629 76,212 78,255 16 to 19 years 2,804 2,619 2,533 2,567 1,939 2,030 1,988 2,028 2,310 16 to 17 years 1,029 985 982 894 632 659 714 753 860 18 to 19 years 1,775 1,634 1,552 1,663 1,277 1,355 1,302 1,297 1,435 20 years and over 81,272 74,756 76,178 81,046 69,977 71,672 73,641 74,184 75,945 20 to 24 years 7,332 6,347 6,563 7,096 5,222 5,445 5,726 5,949 6,345 25 years and over 73,941 68,409 69,615 73,835 64,758 66,271 67,865 68,243 69,503 25 to 54 years 53,774 49,744 50,761 53,773 47,236 48,488 49,471 49,683 50,763 25 to 34 years 19,213 17,062 17,572 19,208 16,396 16,822 16,987 17,019 17,566 35 to 44 years 17,805 16,911 17,240 17,773 16,049 16,335 16,582 16,867 17,210 45 to 54 years 16,756 15,771 15,949 16,793 14,792 15,330 15,903 15,796 15,987 55 years and over 20,167 18,665 18,855 20,061 17,522 17,783 18,394 18,560 18,740 Women, 16 years and over 73,740 67,117 68,513 74,282 61,487 63,540 66,552 67,320 69,033 16 to 19 years 2,756 2,734 2,516 2,617 1,541 1,902 2,126 2,207 2,396 16 to 17 years 1,021 1,139 1,060 946 670 761 788 974 984 18 to 19 years 1,735 1,595 1,456 1,684 877 1,140 1,347 1,284 1,402 20 years and over 70,983 64,384 65,997 71,665 59,947 61,638 64,426 65,113 66,637 20 to 24 years 7,006 5,807 5,965 6,950 4,801 5,163 5,523 5,644 5,908 25 years and over 63,978 58,577 60,032 64,708 55,147 56,420 58,906 59,498 60,728 25 to 54 years 46,852 42,761 43,739 47,301 40,533 41,455 43,231 43,385 44,164 25 to 34 years 16,593 14,900 15,193 16,738 14,058 14,478 15,041 15,086 15,323 35 to 44 years 15,257 14,304 14,633 15,392 13,558 13,753 14,409 14,531 14,762 45 to 54 years 15,003 13,557 13,914 15,171 12,917 13,225 13,781 13,769 14,079 55 years and over 17,125 15,816 16,292 17,406 14,615 14,964 15,675 16,113 16,564 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present 46,259 43,615 44,420 46,221 41,683 42,822 43,702 43,768 44,391 Married women, spouse present 35,829 33,934 34,703 36,389 31,860 32,978 34,440 34,794 35,275 Women who maintain families 9,822 8,602 8,689 - - - - - - FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers 132,156 121,198 123,619 130,877 114,322 116,523 118,941 119,532 122,369 Part-time workers 25,660 23,294 23,605 26,988 19,106 20,741 23,179 23,982 24,973 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders 8,038 6,569 6,541 8,335 5,451 5,598 6,279 6,602 6,784 Percent of total employed 5.1 4.5 4.4 5.3 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.6 SELF-EMPLOYMENT Self-employed workers, incorporated 6,149 6,279 6,327 - - - - - - Self-employed workers, unincorporated 9,681 9,278 9,603 9,679 8,247 8,681 9,092 9,236 9,544 - Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.



HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Characteristic Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands) Unemployment rates Aug.

2019 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Apr.

2020 May

2020 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over 5,999 16,338 13,550 3.7 14.7 13.3 11.1 10.2 8.4 16 to 19 years 742 1,011 905 12.5 31.9 29.9 23.2 19.3 16.1 16 to 17 years 270 368 298 12.8 27.6 30.1 23.8 17.6 13.9 18 to 19 years 459 636 607 12.1 34.3 29.8 22.5 19.8 17.6 20 years and over 5,257 15,327 12,645 3.3 14.2 12.6 10.7 9.9 8.1 20 to 24 years 1,068 2,595 2,010 7.1 25.7 23.2 19.8 18.3 14.1 25 years and over 4,184 12,736 10,636 2.9 13.1 11.6 9.7 9.1 7.6 25 to 54 years 3,184 9,408 7,715 3.1 12.8 11.5 9.8 9.2 7.5 25 to 34 years 1,342 4,137 3,515 3.6 14.5 13.4 11.7 11.4 9.7 35 to 44 years 937 2,772 2,206 2.7 11.5 10.2 9.1 8.1 6.5 45 to 54 years 906 2,499 1,994 2.8 12.3 10.7 8.3 7.8 6.2 55 years and over 1,010 3,331 2,927 2.6 13.6 11.8 9.7 8.8 7.7 Men, 16 years and over 3,210 8,321 7,061 3.7 13.5 12.2 10.6 9.8 8.3 16 to 19 years 404 601 493 13.6 27.6 28.6 23.6 22.8 17.6 16 to 17 years 150 240 148 14.4 21.0 27.8 19.0 24.2 14.7 18 to 19 years 256 354 365 13.3 30.8 29.1 25.6 21.5 20.3 20 years and over 2,806 7,720 6,567 3.3 13.0 11.6 10.2 9.4 8.0 20 to 24 years 604 1,286 1,048 7.8 23.5 22.4 19.0 17.8 14.2 25 years and over 2,183 6,442 5,520 2.9 12.1 10.5 9.3 8.6 7.4 25 to 54 years 1,692 4,828 4,037 3.1 12.1 10.6 9.5 8.9 7.4 25 to 34 years 736 2,257 1,899 3.7 14.2 13.0 11.8 11.7 9.8 35 to 44 years 466 1,438 1,171 2.6 10.4 9.5 8.9 7.9 6.4 45 to 54 years 490 1,134 967 2.8 11.4 9.2 7.5 6.7 5.7 55 years and over 490 1,614 1,483 2.4 12.1 10.3 8.9 8.0 7.3 Women, 16 years and over 2,788 8,017 6,489 3.6 16.2 14.5 11.7 10.6 8.6 16 to 19 years 338 410 412 11.4 36.6 31.3 22.8 15.7 14.7 16 to 17 years 120 128 151 11.3 32.9 32.0 27.8 11.6 13.3 18 to 19 years 203 282 243 10.8 38.9 30.6 19.4 18.0 14.8 20 years and over 2,451 7,607 6,078 3.3 15.5 13.9 11.2 10.5 8.4 20 to 24 years 464 1,309 962 6.3 28.0 24.0 20.6 18.8 14.0 25 years and over 2,001 6,294 5,116 3.0 14.2 12.8 10.2 9.6 7.8 25 to 54 years 1,492 4,580 3,678 3.1 13.7 12.5 10.1 9.5 7.7 25 to 34 years 606 1,880 1,616 3.5 14.9 13.9 11.6 11.1 9.5 35 to 44 years 470 1,335 1,035 3.0 12.7 11.0 9.4 8.4 6.6 45 to 54 years 415 1,365 1,027 2.7 13.3 12.5 9.3 9.0 6.8 55 years and over 498 1,707 1,434 2.8 15.5 13.6 10.5 9.6 8.0 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present 836 2,892 2,329 1.8 9.7 8.3 6.9 6.2 5.0 Married women, spouse present 833 3,283 2,430 2.2 13.1 11.5 8.9 8.6 6.4 Women who maintain families 523 1,216 1,011 5.1 15.9 15.8 13.1 12.4 10.4 FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers 4,732 12,920 11,082 3.5 12.9 12.0 10.4 9.8 8.3 Part-time workers 1,243 3,447 2,459 4.4 24.5 19.7 14.7 12.6 9.0 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.



HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Aug.

2019 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Apr.

2020 May

2020 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs 2,906 13,079 10,347 2,864 20,626 18,291 14,272 12,924 10,307 On temporary layoff 863 9,444 6,206 812 18,063 15,343 10,565 9,225 6,160 Not on temporary layoff 2,042 3,635 4,141 2,052 2,563 2,948 3,707 3,699 4,147 Permanent job losers 1,389 2,862 3,398 1,388 2,000 2,295 2,883 2,877 3,411 Persons who completed temporary jobs 653 773 743 664 563 653 824 823 736 Job leavers 865 614 672 784 570 554 565 571 589 Reentrants 1,801 2,448 2,103 1,785 1,477 1,645 2,356 2,358 2,095 New entrants 631 741 620 577 389 536 563 513 554 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs 46.8 77.5 75.3 47.7 89.4 87.0 80.4 79.0 76.1 On temporary layoff 13.9 55.9 45.2 13.5 78.3 73.0 59.5 56.4 45.5 Not on temporary layoff 32.9 21.5 30.1 34.1 11.1 14.0 20.9 22.6 30.6 Job leavers 13.9 3.6 4.9 13.0 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.5 4.4 Reentrants 29.0 14.5 15.3 29.7 6.4 7.8 13.3 14.4 15.5 New entrants 10.2 4.4 4.5 9.6 1.7 2.5 3.2 3.1 4.1 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs 1.8 8.1 6.4 1.7 13.2 11.6 8.9 8.1 6.4 Job leavers 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Reentrants 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.3 New entrants 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.



HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Aug.

2019 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Apr.

2020 May

2020 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks 2,216 3,430 2,283 2,218 14,283 3,875 2,838 3,202 2,281 5 to 14 weeks 2,009 5,556 3,442 1,746 7,004 14,814 11,496 5,169 3,134 15 weeks and over 1,978 7,896 8,018 2,082 1,772 2,242 3,294 7,986 8,140 15 to 26 weeks 708 6,328 6,381 831 833 1,078 1,903 6,484 6,517 27 weeks and over 1,270 1,569 1,637 1,251 939 1,164 1,391 1,501 1,624 Average (mean) duration, in weeks 21.7 16.1 19.7 22.1 6.1 9.9 15.7 17.9 20.2 Median duration, in weeks 8.6 13.7 16.2 9.0 2.0 7.7 13.6 15.0 16.7 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Less than 5 weeks 35.7 20.3 16.6 36.7 61.9 18.5 16.1 19.6 16.8 5 to 14 weeks 32.4 32.9 25.0 28.9 30.4 70.8 65.2 31.6 23.1 15 weeks and over 31.9 46.8 58.3 34.4 7.7 10.7 18.7 48.8 60.1 15 to 26 weeks 11.4 37.5 46.4 13.7 3.6 5.2 10.8 39.6 48.1 27 weeks and over 20.5 9.3 11.9 20.7 4.1 5.6 7.9 9.2 12.0 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.



HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 Total, 16 years and over 157,816 147,224 6,203 13,742 3.8 8.5 Management, professional, and related occupations 63,679 63,095 1,476 3,680 2.3 5.5 Management, business, and financial operations occupations 26,717 27,090 506 1,325 1.9 4.7 Professional and related occupations 36,962 36,004 970 2,354 2.6 6.1 Service occupations 27,416 22,673 1,178 3,500 4.1 13.4 Sales and office occupations 33,484 30,434 1,337 2,581 3.8 7.8 Sales and related occupations 15,777 14,402 625 1,361 3.8 8.6 Office and administrative support occupations 17,707 16,032 712 1,220 3.9 7.1 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations 14,549 13,559 601 1,162 4.0 7.9 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 1,115 977 50 77 4.3 7.3 Construction and extraction occupations 8,415 7,972 398 739 4.5 8.5 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 5,019 4,610 152 345 2.9 7.0 Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations 18,688 17,464 955 2,187 4.9 11.1 Production occupations 8,861 7,427 358 800 3.9 9.7 Transportation and material moving occupations 9,827 10,037 597 1,386 5.7 12.1 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.





HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted Industry and class of worker Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands) Unemployment

rates Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 Total, 16 years and over 6,203 13,742 3.8 8.5 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,566 11,099 3.5 8.8 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 8 93 1.1 12.4 Construction 361 762 3.6 7.6 Manufacturing 512 1,003 3.2 6.7 Durable goods 282 610 2.8 6.5 Nondurable goods 229 393 3.9 7.0 Wholesale and retail trade 799 1,612 4.1 8.3 Transportation and utilities 308 847 4.2 11.3 Information 121 210 4.7 8.6 Financial activities 217 430 2.1 4.2 Professional and business services 582 1,286 3.2 7.2 Education and health services 668 1,530 2.7 6.3 Leisure and hospitality 728 2,751 5.0 21.3 Other services 262 574 3.8 9.1 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers 63 83 3.8 5.6 Government workers 659 1,232 3.1 5.7 Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers 283 708 2.8 6.8 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.



HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent] Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Aug.

2019 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Apr.

2020 May

2020 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force 1.2 4.9 5.0 1.3 1.1 1.4 2.1 5.0 5.1 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force 1.8 8.1 6.4 1.7 13.2 11.6 8.9 8.1 6.4 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate) 3.8 10.5 8.5 3.7 14.7 13.3 11.1 10.2 8.4 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers 4.1 10.8 8.8 3.9 15.1 13.6 11.5 10.6 8.7 U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force 4.7 11.6 9.7 4.6 16.0 14.6 12.5 11.3 9.6 U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force 7.3 16.8 14.3 7.2 22.8 21.2 18.0 16.5 14.2 NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.





HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Category Total Men Women Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 Aug.

2020 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force 95,413 99,592 38,326 40,436 57,087 59,156 Persons who currently want a job 5,331 7,184 2,353 3,389 2,978 3,795 Marginally attached to the labor force 1,564 2,083 843 1,119 721 965 Discouraged workers 467 551 315 350 152 202 Other persons marginally attached to the labor force 1,097 1,532 528 769 569 763 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders 8,038 6,541 3,951 3,296 4,086 3,245 Percent of total employed 5.1 4.4 4.7 4.2 5.5 4.7 Primary job full time, secondary job part time 4,581 3,712 2,498 2,063 2,083 1,649 Primary and secondary jobs both part time 1,957 1,564 675 574 1,282 989 Primary and secondary jobs both full time 335 291 202 163 134 127 Hours vary on primary or secondary job 1,122 948 560 481 563 468 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.



ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands] Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Aug.

2019 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Change from:

July2020 - Aug.2020 Total nonfarm 151,141 138,502 139,063 140,598 151,160 137,809 139,543 140,914 1,371 Total private 129,470 117,311 118,780 119,713 128,523 116,492 117,973 119,000 1,027 Goods-producing 21,433 20,134 20,231 20,295 21,087 19,859 19,920 19,963 43 Mining and logging 744 630 630 625 731 626 619 617 -2 Logging 53.1 51.3 52.3 51.8 51.5 51.3 51.2 50.3 -0.9 Mining 691.0 579.0 577.7 573.0 679.0 575.1 568.0 566.3 -1.7 Oil and gas extraction 154.9 154.5 156.7 155.2 152.3 153.6 154.8 153.7 -1.1 Mining, except oil and gas 193.8 180.2 183.1 183.7 189.8 177.1 179.7 180.0 0.3 Coal mining 52.4 44.0 45.3 45.7 52.2 44.0 45.5 45.6 0.1 Metal ore mining 41.5 40.1 41.0 41.3 41.1 39.8 40.7 40.9 0.2 Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying 99.9 96.1 96.8 96.7 96.5 93.3 93.5 93.5 0.0 Support activities for mining 342.3 244.3 237.9 234.1 336.9 244.4 233.5 232.6 -0.9 Construction 7,760 7,365 7,426 7,459 7,508 7,171 7,198 7,214 16 Construction of buildings 1,707.9 1,616.5 1,637.8 1,653.3 1,666.4 1,587.9 1,597.5 1,610.9 13.4 Residential building 846.7 814.7 830.6 837.1 825.3 799.3 816.9 820.1 3.2 Nonresidential building 861.2 801.8 807.2 816.2 841.1 788.6 780.6 790.8 10.2 Heavy and civil engineering construction 1,138.2 1,070.4 1,073.2 1,075.5 1,074.1 1,016.9 1,015.9 1,010.4 -5.5 Specialty trade contractors 4,914.3 4,677.7 4,714.9 4,730.6 4,767.7 4,566.5 4,584.1 4,592.9 8.8 Residential specialty trade contractors 2,149.9 2,074.7 2,097.8 2,117.3 2,082.5 2,020.4 2,034.7 2,059.2 24.5 Nonresidential specialty trade contractors 2,764.4 2,603.0 2,617.1 2,613.3 2,685.2 2,546.1 2,549.4 2,533.7 -15.7 Manufacturing 12,929 12,139 12,175 12,211 12,848 12,062 12,103 12,132 29 Durable goods 8,097 7,584 7,583 7,591 8,066 7,534 7,560 7,562 2 Wood products 410.8 391.2 390.6 392.6 408.9 388.5 387.4 388.5 1.1 Nonmetallic mineral products 428.5 407.5 408.8 405.1 421.6 400.6 402.7 398.3 -4.4 Primary metals 385.3 341.3 338.8 337.4 384.5 339.1 338.1 337.6 -0.5 Fabricated metal products 1,496.5 1,405.6 1,389.0 1,391.3 1,491.6 1,396.2 1,381.7 1,387.6 5.9 Machinery 1,129.0 1,049.2 1,044.9 1,040.1 1,125.7 1,042.0 1,038.3 1,037.0 -1.3 Computer and electronic products 1,090.2 1,094.3 1,090.0 1,091.1 1,085.5 1,089.6 1,083.8 1,086.1 2.3 Computer and peripheral equipment 165.2 170.3 169.3 170.4 163.8 170.2 169.6 169.9 0.3 Communications equipment 83.9 83.2 82.1 83.0 83.7 82.9 82.3 82.6 0.3 Semiconductors and electronic components 380.3 377.6 375.9 374.6 378.8 374.7 372.1 372.1 0.0 Electronic instruments 427.5 428.6 427.3 427.3 426.3 427.6 424.8 426.2 1.4 Miscellaneous computer and electronic products 33.3 34.6 35.4 35.8 33.0 34.2 35.0 35.3 0.3 Electrical equipment and appliances 407.3 384.1 382.2 380.8 405.8 383.9 379.7 379.3 -0.4 Transportation equipment 1,738.4 1,578.7 1,595.2 1,602.7 1,736.3 1,567.6 1,608.4 1,600.0 -8.4 Motor vehicles and parts 997.8 873.0 892.4 905.7 998.2 865.3 910.2 904.9 -5.3 Furniture and related products 390.1 350.7 350.8 354.8 387.1 348.7 348.7 354.4 5.7 Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing 620.8 581.1 592.7 594.6 619.4 577.5 591.0 593.0 2.0 Nondurable goods 4,832 4,555 4,592 4,620 4,782 4,528 4,543 4,570 27 Food manufacturing 1,671.9 1,594.1 1,622.2 1,637.9 1,640.7 1,585.3 1,593.1 1,605.2 12.1 Textile mills 109.1 93.9 92.0 91.3 108.6 93.7 92.2 91.0 -1.2 Textile product mills 113.9 103.6 102.0 102.3 112.9 103.9 100.8 102.0 1.2 Apparel 111.0 84.8 82.7 86.5 111.5 84.1 83.1 86.3 3.2 Paper and paper products 366.0 354.5 357.0 356.3 365.3 353.2 355.0 355.0 0.0 Printing and related support activities 426.3 363.9 364.7 361.7 424.8 363.1 364.4 360.3 -4.1 Petroleum and coal products 117.0 106.4 107.2 106.7 113.3 103.2 103.3 103.9 0.6 Chemicals 851.4 832.6 837.8 840.1 849.3 829.8 834.3 839.8 5.5 Plastics and rubber products 741.3 726.2 723.8 728.9 739.6 721.0 719.6 726.1 6.5 Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing 324.0 294.9 302.2 307.8 316.4 290.2 297.1 300.5 3.4 Private service-providing 108,037 97,177 98,549 99,418 107,436 96,633 98,053 99,037 984 Trade, transportation, and utilities 27,619 25,868 26,087 26,382 27,688 25,852 26,118 26,459 341 Wholesale trade 5,927.1 5,636.9 5,619.0 5,626.7 5,906.8 5,612.3 5,592.7 5,606.2 13.5 Durable goods 3,223.3 3,055.6 3,060.9 3,061.5 3,210.9 3,045.8 3,047.7 3,048.1 0.4 Nondurable goods 2,176.2 2,079.9 2,058.9 2,060.6 2,170.1 2,065.8 2,046.0 2,054.5 8.5 Electronic markets and agents and brokers 527.6 501.4 499.2 504.6 525.8 500.7 499.0 503.6 4.6 Retail trade 15,596.6 14,547.0 14,783.9 14,998.6 15,613.8 14,531.5 14,767.7 15,016.6 248.9 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 2,050.1 1,885.5 1,914.4 1,937.1 2,037.5 1,874.8 1,903.0 1,925.3 22.3 Automobile dealers 1,304.4 1,170.0 1,188.7 1,206.1 1,299.2 1,168.0 1,186.2 1,203.0 16.8 Other motor vehicle dealers 168.3 156.5 158.4 159.6 162.1 148.0 149.9 152.9 3.0 Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores 577.4 559.0 567.3 571.4 576.1 558.8 566.9 569.4 2.5 Furniture and home furnishings stores 465.1 366.6 390.7 400.4 470.7 370.8 396.7 407.2 10.5 Electronics and appliance stores 463.0 375.3 399.6 417.8 471.8 381.1 409.5 430.3 20.8 Building material and garden supply stores 1,301.3 1,428.1 1,414.6 1,401.3 1,301.9 1,365.0 1,375.6 1,388.8 13.2 Food and beverage stores 3,086.5 3,162.9 3,145.9 3,142.3 3,072.9 3,142.4 3,122.3 3,126.1 3.8 Health and personal care stores 1,040.3 932.9 951.1 963.4 1,050.2 935.9 955.5 970.8 15.3 Gasoline stations 958.6 915.2 924.5 931.7 947.8 904.6 911.7 918.0 6.3 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 1,297.6 791.4 904.9 915.7 1,293.8 804.9 905.8 916.9 11.1 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores 550.6 409.1 429.1 439.0 555.9 419.5 439.1 444.9 5.8 General merchandise stores 2,985.3 3,060.9 3,056.6 3,176.4 3,018.9 3,116.4 3,101.9 3,218.3 116.4 Department stores 1,044.6 936.7 985.9 1,021.5 1,068.7 970.9 1,018.8 1,051.1 32.3 General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters 1,940.7 2,124.2 2,070.7 2,154.9 1,950.2 2,145.5 2,083.1 2,167.2 84.1 Miscellaneous store retailers 839.5 689.8 717.5 731.6 830.8 682.8 706.7 723.9 17.2 Nonstore retailers 558.7 529.3 535.0 541.9 561.6 533.3 539.9 546.1 6.2 Transportation and warehousing 5,544.9 5,143.6 5,142.5 5,215.9 5,618.1 5,170.5 5,219.3 5,297.4 78.1 Air transportation 505.8 381.9 399.1 406.5 503.1 378.6 395.6 403.1 7.5 Rail transportation 173.5 144.6 145.5 145.5 172.6 145.5 145.3 145.4 0.1 Water transportation 68.3 57.2 57.7 57.6 65.7 55.2 55.3 55.2 -0.1 Truck transportation 1,552.6 1,450.3 1,458.0 1,466.8 1,531.5 1,437.4 1,439.5 1,449.5 10.0 Transit and ground passenger transportation 429.9 308.4 275.2 284.2 493.1 314.5 336.7 348.1 11.4 Pipeline transportation 51.4 50.2 50.0 49.8 51.3 50.1 50.0 49.8 -0.2 Scenic and sightseeing transportation 47.2 26.6 27.3 27.2 36.2 21.0 20.7 20.8 0.1 Support activities for transportation 753.2 668.1 675.5 681.9 752.6 668.0 673.4 680.6 7.2 Couriers and messengers 781.2 873.7 877.1 883.6 821.5 906.8 915.6 923.3 7.7 Warehousing and storage 1,181.8 1,182.6 1,177.1 1,212.8 1,190.5 1,193.4 1,187.2 1,221.6 34.4 Utilities 550.8 540.1 541.4 540.9 548.9 537.8 538.4 539.0 0.6 Information 2,887 2,584 2,585 2,594 2,861 2,576 2,567 2,582 15 Publishing industries, except Internet 767.7 740.1 734.7 737.3 762.9 738.0 730.4 733.7 3.3 Motion picture and sound recording industries 455.7 223.0 226.0 237.8 441.4 216.1 214.1 228.0 13.9 Broadcasting, except Internet 264.3 238.3 238.3 242.3 265.3 238.9 239.2 243.5 4.3 Telecommunications 709.7 681.6 684.5 680.8 708.4 683.5 685.0 682.3 -2.7 Data processing, hosting and related services 343.2 343.8 342.4 336.7 341.0 343.8 341.8 338.6 -3.2 Other information services 346.4 357.0 358.9 358.6 342.1 355.8 356.2 356.2 0.0 Financial activities 8,835 8,648 8,682 8,713 8,768 8,605 8,618 8,654 36 Finance and insurance 6,465.3 6,458.1 6,475.9 6,484.4 6,439.5 6,446.9 6,451.8 6,464.7 12.9 Monetary authorities - central bank 19.9 19.9 20.2 20.0 19.7 19.8 19.8 19.8 0.0 Credit intermediation and related

activities 2,663.7 2,656.6 2,662.2 2,666.5 2,650.6 2,649.5 2,650.6 2,659.5 8.9 Depository credit intermediation 1,783.9 1,778.1 1,773.7 1,769.1 1,776.7 1,770.0 1,764.8 1,763.0 -1.8 Commercial banking 1,396.5 1,388.8 1,384.8 1,380.1 1,391.3 1,382.6 1,377.9 1,376.5 -1.4 Nondepository credit intermediation 580.2 572.1 578.5 587.9 574.7 571.5 575.3 585.3 10.0 Activities related to credit intermediation 299.6 306.4 310.0 309.5 299.2 308.0 310.5 311.2 0.7 Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts 975.2 968.5 976.1 980.2 966.6 967.4 968.6 969.5 0.9 Insurance carriers and related activities 2,806.5 2,813.1 2,817.4 2,817.7 2,802.6 2,810.2 2,812.8 2,815.9 3.1 Real estate and rental and leasing 2,370.1 2,189.4 2,206.1 2,228.6 2,328.3 2,158.0 2,166.0 2,189.1 23.1 Real estate 1,749.2 1,684.0 1,694.7 1,711.9 1,726.4 1,668.6 1,673.7 1,688.6 14.9 Rental and leasing services 597.2 482.0 487.9 493.2 578.7 466.5 469.3 477.4 8.1 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets 23.7 23.4 23.5 23.5 23.2 22.9 23.0 23.1 0.1 Professional and business services 21,521 19,838 20,002 20,220 21,377 19,725 19,878 20,075 197 Professional and technical services 9,585.7 9,249.9 9,308.5 9,335.7 9,587.0 9,282.0 9,294.4 9,336.1 41.7 Legal services 1,153.0 1,115.0 1,115.7 1,109.8 1,152.6 1,105.2 1,107.5 1,107.5 0.0 Accounting and bookkeeping services 977.1 945.2 948.3 949.8 1,030.6 1,012.1 1,012.1 1,010.5 -1.6 Architectural and engineering services 1,536.4 1,488.7 1,495.3 1,501.7 1,516.8 1,470.9 1,469.6 1,484.0 14.4 Specialized design services 143.2 132.3 131.9 132.6 143.7 131.7 132.0 132.6 0.6 Computer systems design and related services 2,235.2 2,154.4 2,177.4 2,187.1 2,222.1 2,158.7 2,153.6 2,166.4 12.8 Management and technical consulting services 1,546.3 1,491.6 1,499.8 1,507.0 1,538.7 1,491.1 1,493.5 1,498.8 5.3 Scientific research and development services 738.2 743.0 749.2 755.2 732.3 736.4 739.8 749.4 9.6 Advertising and related services 493.4 454.4 448.4 445.7 491.8 452.2 445.3 443.4 -1.9 Other professional and technical services 762.9 725.3 742.5 746.8 758.3 723.7 741.0 743.5 2.5 Management of companies and enterprises 2,445.4 2,360.9 2,351.9 2,350.7 2,434.5 2,344.3 2,333.7 2,337.8 4.1 Administrative and waste services 9,489.5 8,227.0 8,341.3 8,533.6 9,355.0 8,098.5 8,249.7 8,400.9 151.2 Administrative and support services 9,025.5 7,769.6 7,881.3 8,074.9 8,897.2 7,646.8 7,798.4 7,949.2 150.8 Office administrative services 529.8 497.6 506.7 508.5 528.3 494.0 505.5 506.3 0.8 Facilities support services 167.1 154.9 158.4 155.5 165.7 155.4 158.5 156.0 -2.5 Employment services 3,647.0 2,845.3 2,935.7 3,109.4 3,633.8 2,845.4 2,972.6 3,098.9 126.3 Temporary help services 2,949.6 2,235.5 2,315.6 2,475.3 2,941.7 2,239.4 2,361.2 2,467.9 106.7 Business support services 866.0 746.9 751.5 767.1 875.7 759.1 760.9 774.2 13.3 Travel arrangement and reservation services 222.8 165.1 161.9 158.0 220.1 162.2 159.3 156.4 -2.9 Investigation and security services 963.4 903.4 900.2 910.4 958.2 903.4 901.8 907.2 5.4 Services to buildings and dwellings 2,288.8 2,153.7 2,172.7 2,166.1 2,176.5 2,030.4 2,044.4 2,049.5 5.1 Other support services 340.6 302.7 294.2 299.9 339.0 296.9 295.4 300.7 5.3 Waste management and remediation services 464.0 457.4 460.0 458.7 457.8 451.7 451.3 451.7 0.4 Education and health services 23,980 22,556 22,649 22,815 24,262 22,760 22,982 23,129 147 Educational services 3,491.1 3,237.0 3,165.8 3,221.1 3,779.5 3,446.7 3,473.1 3,530.0 56.9 Health care and social assistance 20,488.7 19,318.7 19,483.0 19,593.7 20,482.4 19,313.3 19,509.0 19,599.1 90.1 Health care 16,345.3 15,596.4 15,739.6 15,811.1 16,317.6 15,582.5 15,716.5 15,791.8 75.3 Ambulatory health care services 7,732.9 7,283.0 7,414.1 7,487.4 7,724.8 7,277.4 7,407.1 7,482.1 75.0 Offices of physicians 2,678.0 2,562.0 2,593.1 2,619.0 2,678.0 2,563.2 2,592.9 2,619.4 26.5 Offices of dentists 976.3 871.9 918.9 942.9 971.9 869.8 917.7 939.3 21.6 Offices of other health practitioners 975.7 867.7 885.3 895.2 973.6 865.5 882.6 893.2 10.6 Outpatient care centers 965.0 930.3 942.8 944.9 965.4 931.3 943.3 945.7 2.4 Medical and diagnostic laboratories 283.7 265.1 275.0 274.8 284.3 264.7 274.2 274.5 0.3 Home health care services 1,539.8 1,485.4 1,496.9 1,506.8 1,537.4 1,483.4 1,494.6 1,506.2 11.6 Other ambulatory health care services 314.4 300.6 302.1 303.8 314.4 299.5 301.8 303.8 2.0 Hospitals 5,211.2 5,107.7 5,136.2 5,148.1 5,207.9 5,106.0 5,133.6 5,147.6 14.0 Nursing and residential care facilities 3,401.2 3,205.7 3,189.3 3,175.6 3,384.9 3,199.1 3,175.8 3,162.1 -13.7 Nursing care facilities 1,608.0 1,495.6 1,480.2 1,474.1 1,599.8 1,494.4 1,476.5 1,468.8 -7.7 Residential mental health facilities 651.2 616.9 620.9 622.6 649.5 614.4 616.8 620.0 3.2 Community care facilities for the elderly 975.5 932.7 927.2 919.8 970.6 931.1 923.1 915.2 -7.9 Other residential care facilities 166.5 160.5 161.0 159.1 165.0 159.2 159.4 158.1 -1.3 Social assistance 4,143.4 3,722.3 3,743.4 3,782.6 4,164.8 3,730.8 3,792.5 3,807.3 14.8 Individual and family services 2,638.9 2,500.4 2,512.6 2,519.8 2,634.8 2,496.9 2,507.2 2,518.5 11.3 Emergency and other relief services 184.3 179.4 184.5 181.1 184.3 178.7 184.3 182.3 -2.0 Vocational rehabilitation services 324.1 275.3 280.4 284.5 320.8 272.8 275.4 281.5 6.1 Child day care services 996.1 767.2 765.9 797.2 1,024.8 782.4 825.6 825.0 -0.6 Leisure and hospitality 17,244 12,437 13,139 13,249 16,570 11,933 12,554 12,728 174 Arts, entertainment, and recreation 2,711.5 1,664.2 1,815.0 1,790.0 2,421.0 1,486.1 1,577.6 1,602.7 25.1 Performing arts and spectator sports 538.1 285.4 272.9 289.5 513.6 268.3 257.1 276.2 19.1 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions 184.3 136.0 138.6 136.6 172.3 124.9 124.8 127.1 2.3 Amusements, gambling, and recreation 1,989.1 1,242.8 1,403.5 1,363.9 1,735.1 1,092.9 1,195.7 1,199.4 3.7 Accommodation and food services 14,532.8 10,772.9 11,324.0 11,459.4 14,148.5 10,446.7 10,976.6 11,125.6 149.0 Accommodation 2,218.3 1,398.4 1,447.4 1,452.1 2,079.0 1,290.5 1,295.1 1,310.5 15.4 Food services and drinking places 12,314.5 9,374.5 9,876.6 10,007.3 12,069.5 9,156.2 9,681.5 9,815.1 133.6 Other services 5,951 5,246 5,405 5,445 5,910 5,182 5,336 5,410 74 Repair and maintenance 1,363.3 1,282.4 1,290.5 1,315.4 1,360.0 1,274.3 1,283.4 1,312.1 28.7 Personal and laundry services 1,533.1 1,122.4 1,244.2 1,252.7 1,525.8 1,110.2 1,235.3 1,249.2 13.9 Membership associations and organizations 3,054.9 2,841.4 2,870.4 2,877.0 3,024.1 2,797.0 2,817.7 2,848.5 30.8 Government 21,671 21,191 20,283 20,885 22,637 21,317 21,570 21,914 344 Federal 2,867.0 2,898 2,928 3,176 2,857.0 2,883 2,912 3,163 251 Federal, except U.S. Postal Service 2,262.9 2,294.2 2,334.5 2,576.3 2,250.2 2,280.1 2,314.3 2,561.0 246.7 U.S. Postal Service 604.5 603.5 593.6 599.8 607.2 602.9 597.5 601.7 4.2 State government 4,917.0 4,705 4,652 4,706 5,184.0 4,973 4,983 4,981 -2 State government education 2,204.8 1,998.8 1,943.2 1,996.0 2,489.3 2,282.2 2,288.4 2,284.5 -3.9 State government, excluding education 2,711.7 2,705.8 2,709.2 2,710.0 2,694.3 2,690.6 2,694.7 2,696.7 2.0 Local government 13,887.0 13,588 12,703 13,003 14,596.0 13,461 13,675 13,770 95 Local government education 7,128.9 7,307.5 6,346.8 6,641.2 8,020.5 7,365.4 7,548.2 7,579.9 31.7 Local government, excluding education 6,758.4 6,280.4 6,356.5 6,362.1 6,575.8 6,095.6 6,126.3 6,189.6 63.3 NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.





ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Industry Aug.

2019 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private 34.4 34.6 34.5 34.6 Goods-producing 40.3 39.1 39.5 39.7 Mining and logging 46.2 43.4 43.9 44.0 Construction 39.4 38.8 38.8 38.9 Manufacturing 40.5 39.1 39.7 40.0 Durable goods 41.0 39.1 39.9 40.2 Nondurable goods 39.7 39.1 39.4 39.6 Private service-providing 33.2 33.6 33.5 33.6 Trade, transportation, and utilities 34.2 34.3 34.1 34.1 Wholesale trade 38.9 38.2 38.4 38.4 Retail trade 30.6 31.2 30.6 30.7 Transportation and warehousing 38.3 38.1 38.3 38.5 Utilities 42.4 42.4 42.6 43.3 Information 36.5 36.5 36.3 36.6 Financial activities 37.7 37.5 37.5 37.5 Professional and business services 36.2 36.3 36.3 36.5 Education and health services 33.0 33.1 33.4 33.3 Leisure and hospitality 25.8 25.8 25.4 25.8 Other services 31.8 32.4 32.2 32.2 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing 3.2 2.5 2.9 3.0 Durable goods 3.2 2.2 2.7 2.9 Nondurable goods 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.1 NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.





ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Aug.

2019 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Aug.

2019 June

2020 July

2020 Aug.

2020 Total private $28.16 $29.32 $29.36 $29.47 $968.70 $1,014.47 $1,012.92 $1,019.66 Goods-producing 29.13 29.94 30.07 30.18 1,173.94 1,170.65 1,187.77 1,198.15 Mining and logging 34.15 35.32 35.22 35.10 1,577.73 1,532.89 1,546.16 1,544.40 Construction 30.87 31.65 31.78 31.88 1,216.28 1,228.02 1,233.06 1,240.13 Manufacturing 27.81 28.62 28.78 28.92 1,126.31 1,119.04 1,142.57 1,156.80 Durable goods 29.26 29.99 30.19 30.37 1,199.66 1,172.61 1,204.58 1,220.87 Nondurable goods 25.30 26.35 26.40 26.49 1,004.41 1,030.29 1,040.16 1,049.00 Private service-providing 27.93 29.17 29.19 29.29 927.28 980.11 977.87 984.14 Trade, transportation, and utilities 24.38 25.06 25.34 25.47 833.80 859