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To edit this page, request access to the workspace. Already have an account? Log in! Anarchist newspaper circulation altemark 2 years, 9 months ago Page history last edited by I have been thinking about the circulation of anarchist newspapers and magazines.I know that Mother Earth had a circulation of about 3.000 at its highest point.Liberty's highest circulation was around a thousand. Does anyone else out there have any figures?? Just reading 'Sacco and Vanzetti the anarchist background' - I think Avrich gives figures for some of the Italian-american papers. now i know you're interested i can look for numbers. john Cronaca Sovversiva: 'never exceeded four or five thousand' - Avrich Sacco and Vanzetti p50. L'Adunata dei refrattari: rose to 10,000 after WW2 (when copies were being shipped backto Italy) - Berman, The torch and the Axe. According to Maximoff in The Syndicalists in the Russian Revolution: "Newspapers were published not only in the large administrative and industrial centres, like Moscow and Petrograd, which had several Anarchist newspapers (in Petrograd the circulation of the Anarcho-Syndicalist Golos Trouda and the Anarchist Burevestnik was 25,000 each; the Moscow daily Anarchia had about the same circulation), but also in provincial cities, like Kronstadt, Yaroslavl, Nizhni-Novgorod, Saratov, Samara, Krasnoyarsk, Vladivostok, Rostov on Don, Odessa and Kiev. (In 1918, Anarchist papers were coming out in Ivanovo-Vosnesensk, Chembar, Ekaterinburg, Kursk, Ekaterinoslav, Viatka.)" Also Green Anarchy claims their current circulation is between 8000-9000. Ha! Nicole How come I've seen the figure of 10,000 for Mother Earth's peak circulation? i.e. in the introduction to Peter Glassgold's anthology, and I'm sure in a couple of other sources. I've actaully been working on a database of US anarchist newspaper circulations (you stole my idea!); I've got about 29 figures so far (but some are estimates from authorities or historians, and this includes the 10,000 number for ME) and I'll post the results once they're in a more managable form. --Kenyon Yes.I have seen that.The figure 10,000 comes from Rebel In Paradise and Drinnon offers no source for it.The only figure I have seen EG mention is 3,000, but I'll go and do some counting of subscribers.A couple of other newspapers.According to Marcelino Garcia in "Anarchist Voices" .." the top circulation of Cultura Proletaria" which I edited from the 1930s till it closed in 1952, was 4,000" (p392) Meanwhile Frank Brand (Enrico Arrigoni) states that "Eresia" ( 1928-1932) had a print run of 2,000.(pp174) Database eh? Fucking students You know I wouldn't be surprised if those numbers for GA were correct.Does anyone have any sense of circulation of other current publications? Another general point,I guess,is the number of subscribers papers had/have.From my own experience, there was a clear relatioship between number of subscribers to the paper and how long it existed!! This also relates to the question of subscribers vs. circulation (i.e. print run)--I think often the two are conflated. Then of course estimating readership is a whole other question. In addition, there's the fact that anarchist publications knew no borders--papers published in the US went all over the world, while anarchists in the US regularly read foreign, wrote for, and funded papers like Freedom, Der Arbeter Fraynd, Studi Sociali, etc. --Kenyon Chicago Arbeiter-Zeitung 5000 in 1886 (EGPP Book 1). Anarchy: JODA has wide circulation but their numbers are probably extremely inflated. I wonder if they count the dozens of copies sent to us at PLP that I throw straight into the bin. Nicole Yes.One of my reasons for thinking on this issue was just how many anarchists papers got/get out there, beyond subscriber lists.When John on donations to KSL from various people in the UK I notice there are often 10 copies of the same issue of Class War,all new and pristine.They never went anywhere.I hope that wasn't repeated too much.Anyway I am at the archive this weekend and I'll see what other figures I can find.--Barry You know you're freaking old when you stay up to 4 in the morning on a Friday night reading through the pages of The Blast trying to figure out the paper's circulation. I scoured every page looking for some kind of clue and here is what I found. According to the 15 March 1916 it cost them $75 to produce each edition. The wholesale cost for the paper was 2.5 cents and a single copy was 5 cents. If we take these figures I would make a conservative estimate that the print run for the Blast at this time was 1500 - 3000 ($75/0.05 or $75/0.025). As to how many people actually read it, who knows. Then in the 15 July 1916 edition, during the height of the anti-preparedness movement, the editors announced that the Blast was going to double its circulation. This is confirmed in the 15 August 1916 edition when the paper states they have printed "an extra large issue this time" (p.7). This was probably necessary due to the attention the paper was receiving in the mainstream press after the bombing and arrests of Mooney, Billings, Nolan and Weinberg. The editors were using the paper to spread the word about their case. In Anarchist Voices Marion Bell remembers mailing copies of the Blast to people all over the world (including Malatesta in London) from her hometown in AZ after AB had problems mailing it from San Francisco (p. 30). So in the end, I could not find a exact number of readers. Oh well. --Nicole the insomniac Well.I finally tracked down the 10,000 number for Mother Earth.It's the figure quoted at Berkman and Goldman's trial in 1917.It was ,I think, a special print run for the June 1917 issue.(I'll confirm that).After reading Nicole's exhaustive assessment of the print run for The Blast( come on it's healthier thasn hanging around the toilets at the Gilman!!) I am more than ever inclined to see the regular Mother Earth print run as around 3,000.I am pretty sure that Mother Earth's mailing list was passed on to The Blast.Thank you Kenyon for the other figures.Do you think that 20,000 for FAS is pushing it a bit? Every source says the FAS circulation in by 1914 was between 20-30,000. Mina Graur further says says it had 14,000 _subscribers_ at its height (I don't recall where she got this figure, but probably from the pages of the FAS itself somewhere), which would definitely mean its total circulation would have been significantly higher than 14,000. Two things to keep in in mind are that a lot of FAS readers weren't necessisarily anarchists; under Yanovsky's editorship the FAS became an important source of both labor news in general and of Yiddish literature. Also, Yiddish-speaking Jews were a particularly radical group; the socialist Forverts (Jewish Daily Forward) was the most widely circulated Yiddish paper in the country and peaked at about 250,000 around 1920, so with the FAS we're talking about 1/10 the circulation of the most popular socialist paper, which seems like a reasonable fraction. --Kenyon Firebrand had a cir of around 2000, I would guess by their second year, according to Henry Addis. from "Mary Isaak" by Marcus Graham in Man! an Anthology of Anarchist Ideas, Essays, Poetry and Commentary (1974). Free Society had a circulation of about 1000 is January 1898 and they were trying increase it to 5000 by encouaging people to take out larger subscriptions and then passing them around to friends/comrades etc. They argued that if they could get 2000 paid subscriptions they could increase the total circ to 5000. -- Jessica (I've never found any circ stats for firebrand) The Swedish Anarchist magazine Brand (1898-present day). Published as weekly between 1908 - 1930's Print run: 1898: 5000 1905: ~10 000 1907: 14 000 1908: 20 000 During periods when authorities seized or closed down the magazine, the editorial committee published special one-off issues under other names instead, for instance 1914 issue Ryska faran : 59 000 Source: Minutes from the control committee of Brand (microfiche, Arbetarrörelsens Arkiv Stockholm) Will try to find out circulation for present-day Brand (bi-monthly) Swedish anarcho-syndicalist youth magazine Direkt Aktion (published by the Swedish Anarcho-syndicalist Youth Federation) 1996 - 2016 (folded after 20 years of publication) Print run: 2013: 1000 Source: www.direktaktion.se Arbetaren - Mikael Altemark Allright, below is my updated list -Kenyon Anarchist Periodical Circulation Figures, 1880-1940 compiled by Kenyon Zimmer Key: e = estimate s = self-reported r = recollection p = private correspondence Title Year(s) Circulation Subscribers Source Notes L’Adunata dei Refrattari 1922-1939 c.5,000 Berman The Agitator 1910-1912 300+ 300 s Gorgura The Alarm (I) 1884 2,000 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1885 3,000 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1886 3,000 Nelson, Beyond, 124 L’Allarme 1915 2,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:37 1916 6,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:37 Amerikanskie Izvestiia 1922 3,000 e Davis, 126 Der Anarchist 1886 300 Hoerder, ed., 3:355; Nelson, Beyond, 124 The Anarchist Soviet Bulletin 1919 2,000 e; 650,000 s Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004; Anarchist Soviet Bulletin, April 1919 Second figure obviously fictitious Der Arme Teufel 1887 2,750 Oestreicher, 159 1890 3,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:376 1894 3,500 N. W. Ayer 1894, 1295 1895 7,000 Oestreicher, 157 1897 3,525 N. W. Ayer 1897, 1352 1898 2,700; 3,525 e Hoerder, ed., 3:376; N. W. Ayer 1898, 1358 1900 3,525; 3,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:376; N. W. Ayer 1900, 1406 L’Avvenire 1912 4,000 Pernicone, “War,” 81 Budoucnost 1884 360 Hoerder, ed., 2:241 1886 750 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 Challenge 1938 5,000 p [Bluestein] to [Steimer] & [Fléchine] Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung 1880 3,000 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1881 4,500 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1882 4,850 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1883 5,200 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1884 5,326 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1885 5,110 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1886 5,780 Nelson, Beyond, 124; Hoerder, ed., 3:389 1888 5,000 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1890 4,600 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1892 5,800 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1894 7,145 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1895 15,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:389 1896 15,120 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1898 12,560 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1900 10,000; 15,000 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100; Bekken, 18 1910 15,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:389 Cronaca Sovversiva 1912 3,200 Pernicone, “War,” 81 c.1917 4,000 Avrich, Sacco and Vanzetti, 50 1918 5,000 Cartosio, 425 Cultura Proletaria c.1927-1939 4,000 r Avrich, Anarchist Voices, 392 Dĕlnické Listy 1896 1,200 Hoerder, ed., 2:244 Delo Truda 1939 200-300 Hoerder, ed., 2:118 The Demonstrator 1904 c.800 Veysey, 36 Discontent 1900 1,200 Ghormley Domani 1919 1,500; 1,000 Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2005; Hoerder, ed., 3:60 L’Emancipazione 1931 3,000 2,000+ R. De Rango, “Ai compagni,” L’Emancipazione, June 1931 Eresia 1928-1930 c.2,000 r Avrich, Anarchist Voices, 174 1931-1932 3,000 s; 3,100 s Eresia, January 1932, 65 Die Fackel 1880 5,000 Nelson, Beyond, 124; Hoerder, ed., 3:407 1881 5,000 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1882 7,150 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1883 9,300 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1884 10,035 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1885 10,000 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1886 12,200 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1888 7,500 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1890 16,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:407; Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1892 20,000 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1894 24,160 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1895 25,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:407 1896 24,600 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1898 19,800 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1900 15,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:407; Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1910 24,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:407; Bekken, 18 Fraye Arbeter Shtime 1890-94 3-4,000 Sanders, 112; Michels, 100 Calculated as ½ circ. of Arbayter Tsaytung 1899 4,000 Gordin, 249 1904 20,000 Gordin, 294 1906 20,000 Gordin, 314 1910 15,000 s N. W. Ayer 1910, 1160 1911 15,000 e N. W. Ayer 1911, 1210 1913 12,500 e N. W. Ayer 1913, 637 (too low) 1914 25,000-30,000 s; 12,500 e 15,000 Gordin, 314; N. W. Ayer 1914, 650; Graur, 244 Ayer estimate far too low 1917 12,000 e N. W. Ayer 1917, 1292 1918 12,000 e N. W. Ayer 1918, 672 1920 12,000 Revolutionary Radicalism 2:2004; N. W. Ayer 1920, 1300 1923 7,000 e N. W. Ayer 1923, 1376 1924 7,000 e N. W. Ayer 1924, 1398 1925 7,000 e N. W. Ayer 1925, 1419 1935 5,000 p Cohn to Nettlau 1940 10,000 e N. W. Ayer 1940, 1190 Di Fraye Gezelshaft (I) 1895 2,000 Hoerder, ed., 2:579 Di Fraye Gezelshaft (II) 1910 6,000-8,000 s Di Fraye Gezelshaft, January 1910 and May 1910 Free Society (I) 1898 1,000 “New Year Suggestion,” Free Society, 2 January 1898 Free Society (II) 1921 1,000+ Busha 1,000 copies delivered to Philadelphia alone Freedom (II) 1919 2,500 s; 2,000 e Freedom, April-May 1919; Revolutionary Radicalism 2:20006 Freedom (III) 1933 c.2,000 s Freedom, 18 March 1933 Freiheit 1883 5,000 Carlson, 205 1884 5,000 Carlson, 205 1885 5,000 Carlson, 205 1886 5,000 Carlson, 205 1892 4,300 Hoerder, ed., 3:411 1894 4,300 N. W. Ayer 1894, 538 1896 5,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:411 1897 1897 N. W. Ayer 1897, 1353 1904 3,500 N. W. Ayer 1904, 1458 1905 3,500 N. W. Ayer 1905, 1103; Hoerder, ed., 3:411 1906 5,000 N. W. Ayer 1906, 1112 1907 5,000 N. W. Ayer 1907, 1126 1908 5,000 N. W. Ayer 1908, 1131 1909 4,500 N. W. Ayer 1909, 1140 1910 4,250 N. W. Ayer 1910, 1157; Hoerder, ed., 3:411 Golos Truda c. 1917 c. 2,800 “Mailing List—‘Golos Truda’—Russian Nihilist Newspaper” Golos Truzhenika 1920 1,500 e Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 1922 6,000 s, 700 e Davis, 126 Probably closer to 1,500 1925 1,400 p; 5,000 s Maximov to Mrachnyi; De Leon, 11 De Leon definitely inflated La Jaquerie 1919 3,000 United States Congress, 536 Khleb i Volia 1919 4,547 Revolutionary Radicalism, 1:862 Lampcka 1886 750 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 Land and Liberty 1914-1915 3,500 Sandos, 61 Liberty 1890 1,000 Martin, 268 1894 800 N. W. Ayer 1894, 543 1898 750 N. W. Ayer 1898, 572 Lucifer 1884 900 N. W. Ayer 1884, 302 1885 850 N. W. Ayer 1885, 311 1886 850 N. W. Ayer 1886, 324 1888 850 N. W. Ayer 1888, 850 1889 1,250 N. W. Ayer 1889, 187 1890 1,676 N. W. Ayer 1890, 262 Luokkataistelu 1919 5,000 Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2005 Man! 1934 Nold “the…paper with the most subscribers” Il Martello 1919 2,500 Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004 1923 6,500 Pernicone, Carlo Tresca, 105 1924 10,500 Pernicone, Carlo Tresca, 105 1929 8,000 Pernicone, Carlo Tresca, 105 The Modern School 1920 500 e Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 Mother Earth (I) 1906-1917 c.3,000-4,000 Pateman 1910 6,000 New York Times, 8 May 1910 1917 10,000 (special June issue) Pateman Den Nye Tid 1880 1,600 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1881 1,600 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1882 2,000 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1883 2,400 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1884 2,800 Nelson, Beyond, 124 Di Parole 1884-1885 2,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:453 1888 2,200 Hoerder, ed., 3:453 1890 1,600 Hoerder, ed., 3:453 La Plebe 1906-1909 3,000+ 3,000 Caminita, 47 Práce 1886-1887 500 Hoerder, ed., 2:253 La Questione Sociale (I) 1899 3,500 Panofsky, 290 1900 3,000 Carey, 291 Il Refrattario 1919 2,000 Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:852, 2004 Regeneración 1910 11,000 s; 17,000 r Mother Earth, April 1911; Freedom (London), December 1922 1915 3,986 Sandos, 59, 1916 10,500 e N. W. Ayer 1916, 1286 Too high Le Rèveil des Mineurs 1890-1893 5,000 Creagh, 149 The Road to Freedom 1925 1,200 s De Leon, 26 c.1926-1932 3,000+ 3,000 Avrich, Anarchist Voices, 432 La Sferza 1925 673+ c. 673 subs. Untitled address list given to Germinal by La Sferza, n.d. [1925], Hugo Rolland Archive, IISH, Folder 15. Total circ. of 1,000-1,500? Spanish Revolution 1938 7,000 r Dolgoff, 19 Vanguard c.1936 c.3,000 r Avrich, Anarchist Voices, 450 Di Varhayt 1889 2,500 Hoerder, ed., 2:654 Der Verbote 1880 5,000 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1881 6,000 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1882 6,500 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1883 7,000 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1884 7,115 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1885 8,000 Nelson, Beyond, 124; Hoerder, ed., 3:492 1886 8,000 Nelson, Beyond, 124 1888 5,000 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1890 3,150 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1892 3,575 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1894 4,000 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1896 7,300 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1898 6,150 Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 1900 5,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:492; Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100 Volné Listy 1910 4,500 New York Times, 8 May 1910 The Woman Rebel 1914 2,000+ 2,000 sub. r Sanger, 109 The Word 1880 1,050 e Ayer 1880, 295 1881 1,200 s Ayer 1881, 36 1882 1,300 s Ayer 1882, 34 1883 1,300 e Ayer 1883, 35 1884 1,300 e Ayer 1884, 35 1885 2,050 s Ayer 1885, 37 1886 2,050 s Ayer 1886, 37 1888 2,050 s Ayer 1888, 225 1889 2,025 s Ayer 1889, 230 1890 2,040 s Ayer 1890, 319 1893 2,040 e Ayer 1893, 339 Die Zukunft 1885 2,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:504 Total American Anarchist Periodicals in Print, 1880-1940 Note: Only publications which lasted more than three issues have been included. Some end dates ferfer to the year a publication ceased to be anarchist in orientation. Additons and corrections are welcome. Publication Language Location Began Ended Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung German Chicago 1879 1910 Die Fackel German Chicago 1879 1910 Den Nye Tid Danish Chicago 1877 1884 Der Verbote German Chicago 1874 1910 The Word English Princeton, MA 1872 1893 Liberty English Boston; New York 1881 1908 Freiheit German New York 1882 1910 Budoucnost Czech Chicago 1883 1886 Lucifer English Valley Falls, KS; Topeka, KS; Chicago 1883 1907 The Alarm (I) English Chicago; New York 1884 1889 Der Arme Teufel German Detroit 1884 1900 Die Parole German St. Louis 1884 1891? Die Zukunft German Philadelphia 1884 1885? Lampcka Czech Chicago 1885 1886 Der Torpille (cont. as Le Rèveil des Masses) French Newfoundland, PA 1885 1887 Der Anarchist (I) German Chicago 1886 1886 Práce Czech Chicago 1886 1887 L'Anarchico Italian New York 1888 1888 Fair Play (I) English Kansas City; Sioux City 1888 1891 Libertas German Boston 1888 1888 Le Rèveil des Masses (cont. as Le Rèveil des Mineurs) French New York; Newfoundland, PA 1888 1890 Di Varhayt Yiddish New York 1889 1889 Der Anarchist (II) German St. Louis; New York 1889 1895 New Jersey Freie Presse German Newark, NJ 1889 1890 Egoism English Oakland, CA 1890 1898 Fraye Arbeter Shtime Yiddish New York 1890 1977 Der Morgenshtern Yiddish New York 1890 1890 Le Rèveil des Mineurs (cont. as L'Ami des Ourvriers) French Hastings, PA 1890 1893 Volné Listy Czech New York 1890 1917 El Despertar Spanish New York 1891 1902 Solidarity English New York 1892 1898 Die Brandfackel German New York 1893 1894 Dĕlnické Listy Czech New York 1893 1898 L'Ami des Ourvriers French Hastings, PA 1894 1896 El Esclavo Spanish Tampa 1894 1898 Freie Wacht! German Philadelphia 1894 1895 Gazeta Robotnicza Polish Chicago 1894 1894 Secolo Nuovo Italian San Francisco 1894 1906 Duch Volnosti Czech Chicago 1895 1895 The Firebrand (cont. as Free Society) English Portland, OR 1895 1897 Di Fraye Gezelshaft (I) Yiddish New York 1895 1900 La Questione Sociale (I) (cont. as L'Era Nuova Italian Paterson, NJ 1895 1908 The Rebel English Boston 1895 1896 Der Kämpfer German St. Louis 1896 1896 Sturmglocke German Chicago 1896 1896 Free Society (I) English San Francisco; Chicago; New York 1897 1904 Sturmvogel German New York 1897 1899 Discontent (cont. as The Demonstrator) English Home, WA 1898 1902 Anarchistas Lithuanian Chicago 1899 1899 L'Aurora (I) Italian West Hoboken, NJ 1899 1901 Germinal French Paterson, NJ 1899 1902 The Free Comrade (I) English Wellesly, MA 1900 1902 Kurejas Lithuanian Chicago 1900 1900 La Protesta Umana Italian San Francisco; Chicago 1900 1905 La Reforma Social Spanish El Paso, TX 1900 1905 La Voce dello Schiavo/La Voz del Esclavo Italian/Spanish Tampa 1900 1901 Wolfsaugen German St. Louis 1900 1901? L'Alba Sociale Italian Tampa 1901 1901 Mephisto German St. Louis 1901 1902 Der Zeitgeist German New York 1901 1901 Winn's Firebrand English Mount Juliet, TN; Sweden, TX 1902 1910 Der Zigeuner German Chicago 1902 1902? El Clarion del Norte Spanish El Paso, TX 1903 1907 Cronaca Sovversiva Italian Barre, VT; Lynn, MA 1903 1919 The Demonstrator (cont. as The Agitator) English Home, WA 1903 1908 El Liberal Spanish Del Rio, TX 1905 1911 The Liberator English Chicago 1905 1906 Die Abend Zeitung Yiddish New York 1906 1906 Der Anarkhist Yiddish Philadelphia 1906 1906 The Emancipator English San Francisco 1906 1907 Fair Play (II) English New York 1906 1908 Mother Earth (I) English New York 1906 1917 La Plebe Italian New Kensington, PA; Pittsburgh 1906 1909 Dos freie Wort German New York 1907 1907 Köyhälistön Tahto Finnish Quincy, MA 1907 1907 Resurrección Spanish San Antonio, TX 1907 1907 Revoluci ó n Spanish Los Angeles 1907 1908 La Voz de la Mujer Spanish El Paso, TX 1907 1907 Brīvība Latvian New York 1908 1913 Cogito, Ergo Sum Italian/French/English San Francisco 1908 1908 L'Era Nuova Italian Paterson, NJ 1908 1917 Reforma, Libertad y Justicia Spanish Austin, TX 1908 1908 Sorgiamo! Italian New York 1908 1909 L'Internazionale Italian Philadelphia 1909 1909 Komunistas Lithuanian Chicago 1909 1910 Volja Serbian San Francisco 1909 1909 The Agitator (cont'd as The Syndicalist) English Home, WA 1910 1912 L'Avvenire Italian Steubenville, OH; New Kensington, PA; Pittsburgh; New York 1910 1917 La Comune Italian Philadelphia 1910 1915 Di Fraye Gezelshaft (II) Yiddish New York 1910 1911 The Free Comrade (II) English Wellesly, MA 1910 1912 Freedom (I) English San Francisco 1910 1911 Novatore Italian New York 1910 1911 Regeneración Spanish Los Angeles 1910 1918 Der Strom German New York 1910 1912 Tiesa Lithuanian Chicago 1910 1910 The Advance English Mount Juliet, TN 1911 1912 Il Contro-pelo Italian Barre, VT 1911 1912 Cultura Obrera Spanish New York 1911 1927 Dos Fraye Vort Yiddish New York 1911 1911 Golos Truda Russian New York 1911 1917 Laisvoji Žmonija Lithuanian Chicago 1911 1913 Melnais Karogs Latvian New York 1911 1914 Revolt (I) Swedish? Chicago 1911 1916 Brazo y Cerebro Spanish New York 1912 1914 The Modern School English New York; Stelton, NJ 1912 1922 Di Frayhayt Yiddish New York 1913 1914 Pluma Roja Spanish Los Angeles 1913 1915 La Rivolta Italian Madison, IL 1913 1914 The Social War English New York 1913 1913 The Syndicalist English Chicago 1913 1913 Zherminal Yiddish New York 1913 1916? Corriere Libertario Italian Barre, VT 1914 1915 Internationale Arbeiter-Chronik German New York 1914 1914 Land and Liberty English Hayward, CA; San Francisco 1914 1915 La Questione Sociale (II) Italian New York 1914 1916 The Woman Rebel English New York 1914 1914 The Alarm (II) English Chicago 1915 1916 L'Allarme Italian Chicago 1915 1917 Di Fraye Tsukunft Yiddish New York 1915 1916 L'Appello Italian Cleveland 1916 1917 The Blast English San Francisco 1916 1917 Il Martello Italian New York 1916 1946 Vostochnaia Zaria Russian Pittsburgh 1916 1916 Revolt (II) English New York 1916 1916 La Riscossa (I) Italian Brooklyn 1916 1917 Rabochaia Mysl' Russian New York 1916 1917 L'Uomo Nuovo Italian New York 1916 1917 Mother Earth Bulletin English New York 1917 1918 Der Shturm Yiddish New York 1917 1918 The Social War English Chicago 1917 1917 L'Anarchica/Il Diritto/Il Refrattario Italian New York; Providence, RI 1918 1919 Frayhayt Yiddish New York 1918 1918 Kolokol Russian New York 1918 1918 Nabat Russian New York 1918 1918 Robochii i Krest'ianin Russian New York 1918 1919 The Social War Bulletin English New York 1918 1918 The Anarchist Soviet Bullettin English New York 1919 1920 Il Bollettino de L’Era Nuova Italian Paterson, NJ 1919 1919 Domani Italian Brooklyn 1919 1919 Ego English Clinton, IA 1919? 1923? The Free Spirit English New York; Berkeley Heights, NJ 1919 1921 Freedom (II) English New York; Stelton, NJ 1919 1919 La Jacquerie Italian Paterson, NJ 1919 1919 Khleb i Volia Russian New York 1919 1919 L'Ordine Italian New York 1919 1920 L'Agitazione Italian Boston 1920 1925 Amerikanskie Izvestiia Russian New York 1920 1924 Free Society (II) English New York 1920 1922 Volna Russian New York 1920 1924 Burevestnik Russian New York 1921 1922 The Egoist English Clinton, IA 1921? 1925? L'Adunata dei Refrattari Italian New York 1922 1971 La Frusta dei Cloak-Makers Italian New York 1922 1924 Germinal (I) French Chicago 1922 1923 Vilna hromada Ukrainian New York 1922 1922 La Difesa Italian New York 1923 1924 La Rivolta degli Angeli Italian New York 1923 1926 Volia Ukrainy Ukrainian Newark, NJ 1923 1923 The Road to Freedom English Stelton, NJ; New York 1924 1932 La Sferza Italian Westfield, NJ 1924 1925 Umanità Nova Italian New York 1924 1925 La Scopa Italian Paterson, NJ 1925 1928 Der Yunyon Arbeter Yiddish New York 1925 1927 Germinal (II) Italian Chicago 1926 1930 Rassvet Russian New York; Chicago 1926 1927 Delu Truda Russian Chicago; New York 1927 1939 Cultura Proletaria Spanish New York 1927 1953 L'Emancipazione Italian San Francisco 1927 1932 P'ing-teng Chinese San Francisco 1927 1929 Probuzhdenie Russian Detroit 1927 1939 L'Aurora (II) Italian Boston 1928 1930 Eresia Italian New York 1928 1932 The Rising Youth English New York 1928 1929 Alba Italian Pittsburgh 1929 1931 Tierra! Spanish New York 1930 1930? The Clarion English New York 1932 1934 Vanguard English New York 1932 1939 Freedom (III) English New York 1933 1934 Man! English San Francisco 1933 1940 Mother Earth (II) English Craryville, NY; Stelton, NJ 1933 1934 Wu-cheng-fu kung-ch'an yüeh-k'an Chinese San Francisco 1934 1934 Spanish Revolution English New York 1936 1938 La Riscossa (II) Italian/Spanish Tampa 1936 1941 Discussion English Detroit 1937 1938 Challenge English New York 1938 1939 Gegen den Strom German New York 1938 1939 Il Pensiero Italian New York 1938 1939 Intesa Libertaria Italian New York 1939 1940 Bibliography Avrich, Paul. Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Avrich, Paul. Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. Bekken, Jon. "The First Anarchist Daily Newspaper: The Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung," Anarchist Studies 3 (1995), 3-23. 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Cartosio, Bruno. "Italian Workers and Their Press in the United States, 1900-1920." In Christian Harzig and Dirk Hoerder, eds., The Press of Labor Migrants in Europe and North America, 1880s to 1930s (Bremen: Publications of the Labor Newspaper Preservation Archive, 1985), 423-42. Cohn, Michel A. to [Max] Nettlau, 8 February 1935. Max Nettlau Papers, folder 307, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Creagh, Ronald. “Socialism in America: The French-speaking Coal Miners in the Late Nineteenth Century.” In Marianne Debouzy, ed. In the Shadow of the Statue of Liberty: Immigrants, Workers, and Citizens in the American Republic, 1880-1920. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992, 143-156. Davis, Jerome. The Russian Immigrant. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1922. De Leon, Solon, ed. American Labor Press Directory. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1925. Dolgoff, Sam. Fragments: A Memoir. Cambridge: Refract Publications, 1986. Ghormley, Kenneth O. “The L.F.D.B.A. Celebrates Its Centennial: Anarchy at Home.” The Fortnightly Club of Redlands, California. Online at <http://www.redlandsfortnightly.org/papers/ghorm99.htm>. (Accessed 1/22/08) Gogura, Heather. “The Agitator,” The Labor Press Project. Online at <http://depts.washington.edu/labhist/laborpress/Agitator.htm>. (Accessed 1/22/08) Gordin, Abba. Sh. Yanovsky: zayn lebn, kemfn un shafn, 1864-1939. Los Angeles: Sh. Yanovksy Odenk Komitet, 1957. Graur, Mina. An Anarchist “Rabbi”: The Life and Teachings of Rudolf Rocker. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. Hoerder, Dirk (with Christiane Harzig), ed. The Immigrant Labor Press in North America, 1840s-1970s: An Annotated Bibliography. 3 vols. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. “Mailing List—‘Golos Truda’—Russian Nihilist Newspaper.” n.d. [c.1917]. National Archives and Records Administration, Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, File 54235/36-C. Martin, James J. Men against the State: The Expositors of Individualist Anarchism in America, 1827-1908. De Kalb: Adrian Allen Associates, 1953. Maximov, Grigorii Petrovich to Mark Mrachnyi, 22 June 1925. Mark Mrachnyi Papers, Joseph A. Labadie Collection, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Michels, Tony. A Fire in Their Hearts: Yiddish Socialists in New York. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005. N. W. Ayer & Son’s American Newspaper Annual. Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1885-1909. N. W. Ayer & Son’s American Newspaper Annual Directory. Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1910-1929. N. W. Ayer & Son’s Directory of Newspapers and Periodicals. Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1930-1940. Nelson, Bruce C. “Arbeiterpresse und Arbeiterbewegung: Chicago’s Socialist and Anarchist Press, 1870-1900.” In Elliot Shore, Ken Fones-Wolf, & James P. Danky, eds., The German-American Radical Press: The Shaping of a Left Political Culture, 1850-1940. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1992, 81-107. Nelson, Bruce C. Beyond the Martyrs: A Social History of Chicago’s Anarchists, 1870-1900. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1988. Nold, Carl. “For Man!” Man! January 1934. Oestreicher, Richard. “Robert Reitzel, Der Arme Teufel.” In Elliot Shore, Ken Fones-Wolf, & James P. Danky, eds., The German-American Radical Press: The Shaping of a Left Political Culture, 1850-1940. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1992, 147-67. Panofsky, Gianna S. “A View of Two Major Centers of Italian Anarchism in the United States: Spring Valley and Chicago, Illinois.” In Dominic Candeloro, Fred L. Gardaphe, & Paolo A. Giordano, eds., Italian Ethnics: Their Languages, Literature and Lives. Staten Island: The American Historical Association, 1990, 271-296. Pateman, Barry. Pernicone, Nunzio. Carlo Tresca: Portrait of a Rebel. New York: Palgarve Macmillan, 2005. Pernicone, Nunzio. “War among the Italian Anarchists: The Galleanisti’s Campaign Against Carlo Tresca.” In Philip V. Cannistraro & Gerald Meyer, eds., The Lost World of Italian-American Radicalism: Politics, Labor, and Culture. Westport CT: Praeger, 2003. Revolutionary Radicalism: Its History, Purpose and Tactics with an Exposition and Discussion of the Steps Being Taken and Required and Curb It, Being the Report of the Joint Committee Investigating Seditious Activities, Filed April 24, 1920, in the Senate of the State of New York. 4 vols. Albany: J. B. Lyon, 1920. Sanders, Ronald. The Downtown Jews: Portraits of an Immigrant Generation. New York: Harper & Row, 1969. Sandos, James A. Rebellion in the Borderlands: Anarchism and the Plan of San Diego, 1904-1923. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992. Sanger, Margaret. Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography. New York: W. W. Norton & Company 1938. United States Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Rules. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer on Charges Made Against Department of Justice by Luis F. Post and Others. 66th Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1920. Veysey, Laurence. The Communal Experience: Anarchist and Mystical Counter-Cultures in Twentieth Century America. New York: Harper & Row, 1973. IWW Periodical Circulation Figures, 1905-1940 compiled by Kenyon Zimmer Key: e = estimate s = self-reported r = recollection p = private correspondence Title Year(s) Circulation Subscribers Source Notes Ahjo 1919 500 e Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 Bérmunkás 1925 6,000 s De Leon, 11 The Fellow Worker 1920 12,000 Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004 A Felszabadulas 1919 800 e Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 Golos Truzhenika 1919 1,500 e Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 1922 700 e, 6,000 s Davis, 126 Probably closer to 1,500 1925 1,400 p; 5,000 s Maximov to Mrachnyi; De Leon, 11 De Leon definitely inflated Industrial Pioneer 1925 12,500 s De Leon, 11 Industrial Solidarity 1924 16,000 e N. W. Ayer 1924, 230 Too high 1925 8,000 s; 16,000 e De Leon, 11; N. W. Ayer 1925, 237 Ayer too high 1926 15,000 e N. W. Ayer 1926, 241 Definitely too high 1927 5,000-6,500 “Minutes of Regular Session,” 13-14 1928 3,400; 4,000 “Minutes of Regular Session,” 13-14 Industrial Union Bulletin 1907 7,000 Brissenden, 184 Industrial Unionist [IWW (EP)] 1925 4,500 s De Leon, 11 Industrial Worker 1911 4,000 Foner, 4:150 1912 c.9,000 Foner, 4:150 1917 11,500 Foner, 4:150 1925 5,000 s De Leon, 12 Industrialisti 1919 500 e Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 Way too low 1920 10,000 Hoerder, ed., 1:215 1923 8,450 N. W. Ayer 1923, 1365 1925 9,000 s De Leon, 11 1927 8,823 N. W. Ayer 1927, 1429 1929 9,800 N. W. Ayer 1929, 1356 1930 9,000 e N. W. Ayer 1930, 1256 1931 9,000 e N. W. Ayer 1931, 1231 1932 8,722 N. W. Ayer 1932, 1204 1933 8,722 e N. W. Ayer 1933, 1202 1934 7,850 e N. W. Ayer 1934, 1170 1935 8,250 N. W. Ayer 1935, 1165 1936 8,250 e N. W. Ayer 1936, 1161 1940 6,200 N. W. Ayer 1940, 1249 Industriele Arbayter Shtime 1920 5,000 e Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004 Jedna Velka Unie 1920 250 e Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 Way too low 1924 1,400 Hoerder, ed., 2:247 1925 3,000 s De Leon, 12 Klassenkampf 1919 5,000 Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004 Luokkataistelu 1919 5,000 Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2005 Marine Worker 1925 25,000 s De Leon, 12 Inflated? Muncitorul 1919 150 e Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 La Nueva Solidaridad 1919 500 e Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 probably too low; see Solidaridad The New Solidarity 1919 1,500 Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 Il Nuovo Proletario 1919 1,000 Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 This seems too low; see Il Proletario One Big Union Monthly 1919 6,000 e Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 Proletaras 1919 2,000 Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 Il Proletario 1900 3,000 Hoerder, ed., 3:102 1916 7,800 Hoerder, ed., 3:102 1925 7,000 s De Leon, 12 Rabotnicheska Misul 1919 100 e Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006 The Rebel Worker 1919 12,000 Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:1211 Solidaridad 1925 7,500 s De Leon, 12 1926 7,000 N. W. Ayer 1926, 1418 Solidarity 1912 12,000 s Foner, 4:150 Foner unsure of reliability of this figure Tie Vapauteen 1919 5,000 Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004 1920 5,500; 3,500 Brown 1921 6,500 Brown 1925 8,000 s De Leon, 12 The Voice of the People 1913 1,500 r Hall, 169 Total IWW Periodicals in Print, 1905-1940 Note: Some start and end dates refer to the year a publication became or ceased to be an IWW paper. Additions and corrections are welcome. Publication Language Location Began Ended Il Proletario Italian New York 1905 1942 Il Lavoratore Industriale Italian New York 1906? 1907? Industrial Union Bulletin English Chicago 1907 1909 Industrial Worker (I) English Spokane; Seattle 1909 1931 L'Emancipation French Lawrence, MA; Olneyville, RI 1911 1912 Solidarity (I) (cont'd as Defense News Bulletin) English Cleveland 1911 1917 Bérmunkás Hungarian Chicago 1912 1946 Der Weckruf German Chciago 1912 1915? The Wooden Shoe English Los Angeles 1912 1914? Huelga General Spanish Los Angeles 1913 1914 The Lumber Worker/Voice of the People English Alexandria, LA; New Orleans; Portland 1913 1914? Průmyslový Dĕlník Czech Cleveland?/Chicago? 1913 1915 Solidárność Polish Chicago 1913 1917 Darbiniku Balsas (sp) Lithuanian Baltimore; Chicago 1914 1919 Haidamaky Russian New York 1914 1916 El Obrero Industrial Spanish Tampa 1914 1914 Allarm Swedish Minneapolis 1915 1917? Rabochaia riech' Russian Chicago 1915 1915? El Rebelde Spanish Los Angeles 1915 1917 Der Yaker Yiddish Brooklyn 1915 1915? Teollisuustyöläinen Finnish Duluth, MN 1916 1917 Buoreviestnik Bulgarian Chicago 1917 1917? Defense News Bulletin (cont'd as New Solidarity) English Chicago 1917 1918 Industrialisti Finnish Duluth, MN 1917 1975 Ipari Munkás Hungarian Chicago 1917 1917 Rabotnicheska Misul Bulgarian Chicago 1917 1917 Rabotnik Bulgarian Chicago 1917 1917 Uj Taradalom Hungarian Chicago 1917 1917 Védelem Hungarian New York 1917? 1917? Cal Defense Bulletin English San Francisco 1918 1918? Defensa obrera Spanish Chicago 1918 1918? A Felszab á dulás Hungarian Chicago 1918 1925? Golos Truzhenika Russian Chicago 1918 1927 The Industrial Unionist English Seattle 1919 1919? The Labor Defender English New York 1918 1918 The New Unionist English Seattle 1918 1918? La Nueva Solidaridad Spanish Chicago 1918 1919 The Negro Worker English New York 1918 1918? Il Nuovo Proletario Italian Chicago 1918 1919 The New Solidarity English Chicago 1918 1920 Rebel Worker English New York 1918 1919 Ahjo Finnish Duluth, MN 1919? 1919? Glas Radnika Croatian Chicago 1919? 1922? One Big Union Monthly (cont'd as Industrial Pioneer) English Chicago 1919 1938 Rabotnicheska Probuda Bulgarian Chicago 1919 1920 Der Industrialer Arbayter Yiddish Chicago 1919 1919? Muncitorul Romanian Chicago 1919? 1919? Nya Världen Swedish Chicago 1919 1919 Proletaras Lithuanian Chicago 1919 1923 Solidaridad Spanish Chicago; New York 1919 1930 Der Klassen-Kampf German Chicago 1919 1920 Klassenkampf Yiddish New York 1919? 1919? Het Licht Flemish Lawrence, MA 1919? 1919? Luokkataistelu Finnish New York 1919 1919 A Luz Portuguese New Bedford, MA 1919? 1919? Ragione Nuova Italian Providence, RI 1919? 1919? Solidaridet Swedish Seattle 1919? 1919? Textile Worker English Paterson 1919? 1919? Trudovaia Mysl' Russian Chicago 1919 1919 Tie Vapauteen Finnish New York 1919 1929 La Union Industrial Spanish Pheonix 1919? 1919? Fellow Worker English New York 1920 1920? Industriele Arbayter Shtime Yiddish New York 1920 1920 Jedna Velká Unie Czech Chicago 1920 1931 Solidarity (II) English Chicago 1920 1921 Industrial Pioneer English Chicago 1921 1926 Industrial Solidarity English Chicago 1921 1931 The Marine Worker English New York 1921 1936 Industrialen Rabotnik Finnish Chicago 1924 1924 Industri-Arbetaren Swedish/Norwegian Seattle 1924 1925 Industrial Unionist (IWW [EP]) English Portland, OR 1925 1926 Industrijalni Radnik Croation Chicago; Duluth 1925? 1925? Railroad Workers' Bulletin English Chicago 1925? 1925? New Unionist (IWW [EP]) English Los Angeles 1927 1931 Machine Age English New York 1929 1929? Industrial Worker (II) English Chicago 1931 1938 Workers Defense English Chicago 1931 1932 The Young Recruit English Detroit 1932 1932? The Rip-Tide English Houston 1935 1935? One Big Union Bulletin English Cleveland 1935 1935? One Big Union Advocate English New York 1939 1939? Darbunuku Balas Hungarian ? ? ? Snaga Radnika Croatian Chicago ? ? Povenetakaya Sveada [sp?] Russian Chicago ? ? Il Lavoratore Industriale Italian New York 1906? ? Bibliography Brissenden, Paul Frederick. The I.W.W.: A Study of American Syndicalism. New York: Columbia University, 1919. Brown, Roy. “‘High Spots of the 13th IWW Convention.” Industrial Pioneer, June 1921. Davis, Jerome. The Russian Immigrant. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1922. De Leon, Solon, ed. American Labor Press Directory. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1925. Foner, Philip S. History of the Labor Movement in the United States, vol. 4, The Industrial Workers of the World, 1905-1917. New York: International Publishers, 1956. Hall, Covington. Labor Struggles in the Deep South & Other Writings. Ed. David R. Roediger. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 1999. Hoerder, Dirk (with Christiane Harzig), ed. The Immigrant Labor Press in North America, 1840s-1970s: An Annotated Bibliography. 3 vols. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. Maximov, Grigorii Petrovich to Mark Mrachnyi, 22 June 1925. Mark Mrachnyi Papers, Joseph A. Labadie Collection, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Miles, Dione. Something in Common: An IWW Bibliography. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1986. “Minutes of Regular Session of the General Executive Board of the Industrial Workers of the World.” 15-23 March 1928. Industrial Workers of the World Collection, box 7, folder 14, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University. N. W. Ayer & Son’s American Newspaper Annual. Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1869-1909. N. W. Ayer & Son’s American Newspaper Annual Directory. Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1910-1929. N. W. Ayer & Son’s Directory of Newspapers and Periodicals. Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1930-1940. Revolutionary Radicalism: Its History, Purpose and Tactics with an Exposition and Discussion of the Steps Being Taken and Required and Curb It, Being the Report of the Joint Committee Investigating Seditious Activities, Filed April 24, 1920, in the Senate of the State of New York. 4 vols. Albany: J. B. Lyon, 1920. A Note on IWW and Other Periodicals Edited by Anarchists Anarchists edited more than a dozen IWW publications—many of which were explicitly anarchist in outlook—before 1940, and in 1919-20 these had a combined circulation of over 23,000. They included the Finnish Luokkataistelu (Class Struggle, 1919) edited by Gus Alonen; and the Lithuanian Darbiniku Balsas (The Workers’ Voice, 1914-19) and Proletaras (Proletarian, 1919-23), both edited by the longtime anarchist Juozas Laukys. The Bulgarian Rabotnicheska Misul (Worker’s Thought) was edited by self-described Tolstoyan anarcho-syndicalist George Andreytchine (who later fled to Russia where he became a Communist and briefly served as the American representative on the Profintern), and its successor, Rabotnicheska Probuda (Worker’s Awakening, 1919-20), had its second-class matter status revoked by the authorities for its anarchist content. Spanish-speaking anarchists Herminio Gonzales and Aurelio Vicente Azuara edited Tampa’s El Obrero Industial (The Industrial Worker, 1914) and Los Angeles’ El Rebelde (The Rebel, 1915-17), respectively, and exiled Russian anarcho-syndicalist leader G. P. Maximoff, took over editorship of Golos Truzhenika (Toiler’s Voice, 1918-27) in 1924. Meanwhile, Swedish anarcho-syndicalist John Sandgren edited both Nya Världen (The New World, 1919) and the English-language One Big Union Monthly from 1919-20, until his outspoken criticisms of the Russian Bolshevik regime, based on reports in the European anarchist press, resulted in his removal. His fellow Swedish anarchist Gustav E. Bergman, however, later edited Seattle’s Industri-Arbetaren (Industrial Worker, 1924-25), while birth-control advocate and Socialist-turned-anarchist Frederick A. Blossom edited The Labor Defender (1918). Other trade union papers edited by anarchists include the International Ladie's Garment Workers' Union organ Justice, edited by longtime Fraye Arbeter Shtime editor Saul Yanovsky beginning in 1919, then by fellow Jewish anarchist Simon Farber. The Hotel Worker, paper of the revolutionary syndicalist International Federation of Workers in the Hotel, Restaurant, Club, and Catering Industries, was edited by the anarchist Jack Isaacson, and had a circulation of 15,000 in 1920 and 7,000 in 1925 (Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004; De Leon, 10). Within the Yiddish-language press Philadelphia's Di Idishe Velt (The Jewish World, 1914-42) was founded and edited by socialists and anarchists in its early years, and Russian Revolution veteran Abba Gordin edited the literary journal Yidishe Shriftn (Yiddish Writing, 1936-57), while anarchsits also frequently wrote for the socialist Forverts, independent Der Tog, and socialist-territorialist papers. The editors of the free-thought The Truth Seeker and the magazine Twentieth Century both became avowed anarchists for a time near the turn of the century and reflected this in their publications' content, as did Little Review editor Magaret Anderson. Finally, The Catholic Worker was founded in 1933 by self-identified Catholic anarchists Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin and carried an implicitly Christian anarchist viewpoint through most of its existence. With a circulation that soared to 185,000 by 1940, it was far and away the largest-circulating anarchist-influenced publication in the history of America and, perhaps, the world, excluding Spain.

Anarchist newspaper circulation Tip: To turn text into a link, highlight the text, then click on a page or file from the list above. Printable version