First minister says Scotland might not seek immediate membership of the EU if she won a second referendum

Nicola Sturgeon has said Scotland may not rejoin the European Union if she wins a second independence referendum but could instead apply to join the European free trade area.

Even though most Scottish voters oppose a referendum before Brexit, the first minister has insisted another vote on independence is needed because Scotland has been taken out of the EU “against its will” after 62% of Scots voted to remain.



Sturgeon has now indicated she may not seek immediate reentry to the EU after independence after all, confirming speculation she could instead propose Scotland takes the “Norway option” by joining the Efta free trade area instead.

Sturgeon also indicated that even if she chose to recommend Scotland immediately seeks membership of the EU, it could be forced to reapply from scratch after independence and after the UK leaves the EU.

In her reference to Scotland “regaining” membership, Sturgeon confirmed previous hints she accepts she may have to retreat from her preferred timescale of staging a referendum between autumn 2018 and spring 2019, before Brexit takes place.

Asked by Andrew Marr on BBC1 on Sunday whether joining Efta would be an acceptable compromise, Sturgeon said a “phased approach” to rejoining the EU may be needed.

“My position is I want Scotland to be in the EU. Now we have to set out if we’re in an independence referendum, and we’re not in that right now, the process for regaining or retaining, depending where we are in the Brexit process, EU membership.

“Now it may be that we have a phased approach to that by necessity.”

Asked by Marr to confirm that meant joining Efta first and then seeking EU membership later, Sturgeon replied: “Well, it may be by necessity but we don’t want that. We have to set that out at the time because there are still some uncertainties, many uncertainties, around the Brexit process.”



Despite implying a delay in EU membership could be forced on her by the terms of the UK’s Brexit deal, Sturgeon’s problems with her Europe strategy are chiefly domestic. The European commission has also made clear Scotland can only apply to join once it is independent.



About a third of SNP supporters voted to leave the EU last June, and some would oppose independence if it meant rejoining. Sturgeon would also face vehement opposition from the vocal Scottish fishing industry, which opposes rejoining the common fisheries policy (CFP).

In a clear hint she is leaving her options open on EU membership, she has repeatedly stressed that her main goal is to rejoin the single market. That would be achieved if Scotland joined Efta instead, allowing Scotland to also remain outside the CFP.

Sturgeon has tried to downplay the referendum question during the general election campaign, insisting that last year’s victory in the Holyrood elections gave her party the mandate she needs to call for a second independence vote.

She has also delayed setting out how she will press on with preparing for that referendum until after the election. The former first minister Alex Salmond has repeatedly said a general election victory for the SNP would be a renewed mandate for that referendum.

Jackson Carlaw, the Scottish Conservative leader, said Sturgeon was playing political games with the electorate. “She claims we must have a referendum on independence because we’re leaving the EU. Now, in a cynical attempt to win back leave voters who have deserted the SNP, she refuses to say whether an independent Scotland would go back in,” he said.

“And her flirtation with Efta would leave us with all the obligations of the EU but no voice in EU decision-making.”

Kezia Dugdale, the Scottish Labour leader, said the first minister “is trying to use Brexit as the excuse for another divisive referendum, but won’t be straight with people about her position on EU membership. People in Scotland can see through Nicola Sturgeon’s contortions on Europe, which is why a majority don’t want another divisive referendum.”



Sturgeon was also pressed hard by Marr on recent data showing a continued decline in reading and writing standards among Scottish school pupils, after a Scottish government study found about one in six 13- to 14-year-olds was functionally illiterate – double the rate in 2012.

She admitted “we have a particular challenge” in those areas, adding: “I absolutely, readily accept there are areas where we need to do better.”

The survey also found less than half of young teenagers could write well or very well and only 40% did well or very well in numeracy. At the same time, there had been a worsening performance gap between the least and most well-off pupils, after 10 years of Scottish National party government.

Sturgeon said that overall Scottish pupils were performing well, with record numbers of passes in Highers, the equivalent of A-levels, and Advanced Highers. She added that literacy rates improved among pupils in their third year.