WASHINGTON—Federal Reserve officials at their October policy meeting weighed but didn’t settle on strategies that could provide a more enduring fix to the money-market interest-rate volatility that flared in September.

Minutes from the Oct. 29-30 meeting showed central bankers split on whether they should commit to continuing to add liquidity on a temporary basis via repurchase agreements, or repos, or whether they needed to adopt a bolder solution to ensure short-term rate markets remain calm.

The...