Along the way, what was once known simply as pizza — the pies that generations of Bostonians have enjoyed at neighborhood joints — has been forced into a retronym. It’s now “traditional” pizza (or, if you’re a teenage boy, “normal” pizza).

The question is gaining urgency as coal- and wood-fired ovens multiply like viral airline videos , and the indie craft-pizza scene has become so vibrant that it’s spawned a trend of its own, fast craft pizza.

But even as the scent of perfectly charred crust wafts through the city, confusion lingers. What, exactly, is craft pizza?

As with hipsters, the precise definition is elusive, but here’s how to recognize if you’ve entered a craft pizza situation.


1) The oven has a back story.

2) Pepperoni is not on the menu, but if it is, the farm where the pig and the cow roamed free is described on a chalkboard.

3) There is a chalkboard.

4) The employees are taking a gap year between college and law school.

5) The mozzarella is “house made,” the soda is “small batch,” and the words “cocktail program” are not out of place.

6) Venture capital funding was involved.

7) Do you even have to ask about vegan?

8) The dough snob at the next table is holding forth on pre-ferments and hydration levels.

9) Logo’d onesies are for sale.

10) Half the diners aren’t even eating pizza — they’re having the beet salad.

11) You need a reservation.

Here’s another way to recognize artisan pizza, courtesy of Joia Santarpio, co-owner of the old-school Eastie pizza joint Santarpio’s. “They put lobster and corn on flatbreads with fig and prosciutto,” she said. “Some don’t even have cheese or tomatoes.”

If ever there were a moment for pizza to cross over, this is it, said Ed Doyle, president of RealFood Consulting. “Duh, it’s pizza,” he explained. “We don’t want to have to convince our customers to eat the product. People already love pizza. Let’s layer on other consumer trends” like fresh, upscale ingredients.


“The margins are good,” he added. “You don’t need a big kitchen space. Just put in a quality oven and crank it.”

Alas, even as craft pizza enjoys its moment, Pizza Today, a trade publication, reports that experts are already predicting market saturation in the fast-casual niche may not be far off.

In the Boston area, it’s getting hard to keep up with the openings.

Oath Craft Pizza has opened on Nantucket and in South Station, Chestnut Hill, Davis Square, and Coolidge Corner, all since the summer of 2015. An MIT outpost is next. Blaze Pizza — named the fastest-growing US restaurant chain in the country in 2016 — has one shop in the Fenway, another in the Theatre District, and a third in Cambridge, with plans to open near Boston University and in Burlington this summer.

In Harvard Square, pending zoning board approval, the spot occupied by the Crimson Corner newsstand could turn into an &pizza. The fast-casual D.C. chain calls its employees “tribe members” and pays for workers’ ampersand tattoos (more than 60 employees have taken advantage of the perk).

Pizza paddles used as chalkboards? Craft pizza must be near. This is at Max and Leo’s in Newton. Jim Davis/Globe Staff/Globe Staff

The indies are also multiplying. Max and Leo’s Artisan Pizza, which began as a catering trailer, opened in Newton in 2011 and the Fenway in 2016, and is poised to sign a lease for an undisclosed Boston-area location.


Stoked Wood Fired Pizza Co., which began as a truck, opened in Brookline last year and is scouting a second location. Kendall Square’s Area Four added a South End restaurant. Portland’s Otto landed in Harvard Square in 2011 and has since spread to Boston, Coolidge Corner, Arlington, Lynnfield, and Newburyport.

The famous see Boston as fertile pizza ground, too.

New Haven’s renowned Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana took Chestnut Hill in 2015, and Mario Batali arrived on Fan Pier the same year with Babbo.

We could go on, but the pizza’s going to get cold.

Doyle, the restaurant consultant, says we’re living in an age historians will recognize as pizza’s “third wave.”

The first wave hit when pizza arrived in the United States from Naples around the turn of the 20th century. Delivery — sometime after World War II — marked the second wave.

Pizza’s craft period is characterized by 800- and 900-degree ovens that cook pies in as little as 60 seconds; ingredients with a farm-to-table pedigree; prices that run about $4 to $5 higher than a traditional pie; and, perhaps most notably, the absence of delivery.

Yes, foodies are obsessed with pizza so fragile it can’t perform one of pizza’s most basic jobs: to get itself to your door.

If you want pizza from Posto — the first local pizzeria to get certified by the exacting Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana, in 2010 — you’ll have to eat it at the Somerville restaurant or get it yourself. (Or have an entire custom Italian wood-burning oven driven to your house as part of Posto’s mobile catering service.)


Stoked doesn’t deliver either, and neither does Max and Leo’s.

“Pizza has moisture and steam coming off it,” said Leo Candidus, of Max and Leo’s, “and if you put it in a box for any length of time, it’s not going to be as good as hot out of the oven.”

Although the public didn’t really have a name for it, craft pizza has been with us for decades. Todd English began selling gourmet pies in Charlestown (at Olives and now Figs) in 1989. Emma’s Pizza, now on Columbus Avenue in the South End, has been selling pies with fresh toppings since the mid-1990s, and with thin gourmet crusts since the mid-1960s. And Rick Katz, a man who takes his dough seriously, opened Picco in the South End in 2004.

Even so, 10 years ago if you’d asked most Bostonians, “What do fennel-roasted pork, butternut squash, and caramelized pears have in common?” the answer would more likely have been “John Kerry” than “pizza toppings.”

But in its look at where the industry stands in 2017, Pizza Today named coal- and wood-fired artisan pizza as a top trend. “Everywhere you look, the industry is taking on a new personality,” the report said. “Pizza and pizzerias are definitely . . . hip.”

Ed Levine, the author of “Pizza: A Slice of Heaven,” puts craft pizza today where the hugely successful craft beer industry was two decades ago — in its “teen” years. “But,” he cautioned, “like most teenagers it could easily go off the rails.”

Like beer, pizza is becoming an event unto itself. Organizers are planning the city’s first pizza festival for July 8 and 9 on City Hall Plaza, and sponsors include the high-end oven maker Marra Forni and the Naples-based Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana.

But even as craft pizza grabs the buzz, Monica Wojnilo, the Dorchester resident and insurance broker behind the popular “pizzablonde” Instagram account, says fancy pizza doesn’t always do the job.


“If you’re hung over,” she said, “sometimes you just want Domino’s.”

A pizza with sriracha sauce at the Chestnut Hill location of Oath, a craft pizzeria. Lane Turner/Globe Staff/Lane Turner/Globe Staff/file

Beth Teitell can be reached at beth.teitell@globe.com. Follow her on Twitter @bethteitell.