Cold Arctic air has reached and settled over the central Mediterranean, now causing bitterly cold temperatures across much of Europe. Hurricane-force winds are affecting the Adriatic coast for the second day in a row and producing intense sea-effect snowfall over the south-central Italy. As of late January 7, at least 23 people have lost their lives and the death toll is expected to rise.

On Thursday, January 5, a storm surge has caused the worst flooding on Germany's north-east coast since 2006, leaving streets and cars submerged and causing major damage. Towns and cities along the Baltic coast were flooded, from Kiel in the far north to the resort island of Usedom near the Polish border, the BBC reported.

Sea levels were recorded in the port of Wismar at 1.83 m (6 feet) above normal overnight. Severe winter conditions were also present in Sweden and Finland. The overnight temperature fell to -41.7 °C (-43 °F) at Muonio in Finnish Lapland, near the north-western border with Sweden. It was the coldest night of the winter so far.

Further west in northern Sweden, temperatures fell as low as -41.3 °C (-42.3° F) and road conditions were treacherous in much of the country.

By Friday, January 6, the cold arctic airmass has spread further south across central Europe and was already far south over the Balkan peninsula and even southern France.

Severe Bura winds wreaked havoc across the entire Adriatic coast. Near-hurricane and hurricane-force winds ripped out trees and caused widespread traffic chaos and localized power blackouts in Croatia.

The strongest winds measured yesterday along the Adriatic coast were 218 km/h (135 mph) at Most Pag and 196 km/h (122 mph) at Jasenice. Zavižan registered 148 km/h (92 mph), Dubrovnik 143 km/h (89 mph) and Split 130 km/h (81 mph).

Split saw daily mean temperature of -3.4 °C (25.9 °F), which is 11.5 °C (20.7 °F) lower than the daily average for January 6. The last time it was that cold in Split was on January 1, 1985, Crometeo reported.

Due to strong winds, the real feel was about -24 °C (-11.2 °F) and meteorologists warned Saturday, January 7 could bring low temperatures not seen in the region in the past 50 years.

Credit: NASA/NOAA/DoD SuomiNPP/VIIRS. Acquired: January 6, 2017

The same powerful winds blowing across the warm Adriatic Sea are causing intense sea-effect snowfall and locally blizzard conditions for the second day in a row in parts of central and southern Italy, most notably in Abruzzo region. The result is exceptionally heavy snowfall.

At the same time, eastern Poland, northern Ukraine, and Belarus were experiencing -25 °C (-13 °F) to -35 °C (- 31 °F) windchills, towards -50 °C (-58 °F) in Russia.

Perceived temperatures at the end of Friday, were -25 °C (-13 °F) in Poland, -42 °C (-43.6 °F) in Slovakia, - 20 °C (-4 °F) in southern Germany and -54 °C (-65.2 °F) in northern Russia.

On Saturday, January 7, Scandinavia was slightly warmer, due to southwesterlies beginning to advect slightly less cold air. Morning windchill values were generally -5 to -15 °C (23 to 5 °F). The British Isles and Ireland are much milder, again with southwesterly winds advecting warmer air - wind chill values are above zero degrees Celsius, Severe Weather Europe explained.

Split, Croatia registered -7.2 °C (19 °F) on at 06:00 local time on Saturday morning, which is the lowest recorded temperature this Mediterranean city experienced in the last 54 years. Due to strong winds, the real feel temperature was -27 °C (-16.6 °F). The lowest ever temperature measured in Split is -9 °C (15.8 °F) on January 23, 1963.

At least 10 homeless people have died in Poland in the past 48 hours. Since November 1, at least 53 people have died of hypothermia or fallen to their deaths in the mountains in sub-freezing temperatures, officials said.

In Italy, in the past 48 hours, the cold has been blamed for seven deaths, including five homeless people, two of them Polish nationals. Prague's emergency services reported three deaths - two homeless people and a parking lot guard - overnight in the Czech capital, the coldest night so far this winter. Temperatures in Moscow fell to -30 °C (-22 °F) overnight and to -24 °C (-11.2 °F) in Saint Petersburg where police found the body of a man who had died of hypothermia. And in Bulgaria on Friday the frozen bodies of two Iraqi migrants were discovered by villagers in a mountain forest in the southeast of the country near the border with Turkey, the AFP reported.

Turkey's biggest city Istambul received 65 cm (25 inches) of snow today, paralyzing the city and canceling hundreds of flights.

This blast of Arctic air is expected to remain locked over the weekend and begin to slowly ease up into the next week, but extremely low temperatures are expected to persist.

Featured image: Hurricane-force Bura at Križac, Velebit Channel. Credit: Aleksandar Gospić