Synchronized, goal-directed actions are nothing new; that concept is the foundation of civilization. But it goes much deeper than previously realized, according to research in BMC Neuroscience. It isn't just voluntary cooperation that happens, sometimes it is at the unconscious brain level.A new study shows that when musicians play along together it isn't just their instruments that are working together, it is happening at the brain wave level also. The research details how EEG readouts from pairs of guitarists become more synchronized, a finding with wider potential implications for how our brains interact when we do.Ulman Lindenberger, Viktor Müller, and Shu-Chen Li from the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin along with Walter Gruber from the University of Salzburg used electroencephalography (EEG) to record the brain electrical activity in eight pairs of guitarists.Each of the pairs played a short jazz-fusion melody together up to 60 times while the EEG picked up their brain waves via electrodes on their scalps.The similarities among the brainwaves' phase, both within and between the brains of the musicians, increased significantly: first when listening to a metronome beat in preparation; and secondly as they began to play together.The brains' frontal and central regions showed the strongest synchronization patterns, as the researchers expected. However the temporal and parietal regions also showed relatively high synchronization in at least half of the pairs of musicians. The regions may be involved in processes supporting the coordinated action between players, or in enjoying the music."Our findings show that interpersonally coordinated actions are preceded and accompanied by between-brain oscillatory couplings," says Ulman Lindenberger.The results don't show whether this coupling occurs in response to the beat of the metronome and music, and as a result of watching each others' movements and listening to each others' music, or whether the brain synchronization takes place first and causes the coordinated performance.Although individual's brains have been observed getting tuning into music before, this is the first time musicians have been measured jointly in concert.So interpersonally coordinated actions are accompanied by between-brain oscillatory couplings. Are the similarities in the temporal properties of the individuals’ actions due to a causal role of the couplings? Hard to say, but at least the research will be nice to hear.Article: Ulman Lindenberger, Shu-Chen Li, Walter Gruber and Viktor Müller, 'Brains Swinging in Concert: Cortical Phase Synchronization While Playing Guitar', BMC Neuroscience