Dangerous pathogens resistant to multiple types of antibiotics were found at 12 locations in the northern German state of Lower Saxony, according to a report by broadcaster NDR on Tuesday.

Researchers took sediment and water samples from the different sites and sent them to the Dresden University of Technology and the German Center for Infection Research in Giessen for testing.

The NDR-commissioned study detected so-called multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN bacteria) at all the locations, as well as strains resistant to crucial reserve antibiotics known as drugs of "last resort."

Read more: WHO publishes list of 12 pathogens that pose greatest risk to human health

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria was discovered at the Zwischenahner lake, popular with swimmers

"This is really alarming," Tim Eckmanns from the Robert Koch Institute said in an interview with NDR. "These pathogens have apparently arrived in the environment, and on such a scale that surprises me."

"The danger is that they'll spread and then strike back against humans," he added.

While resistant pathogens are known to live and even thrive in the environment, NDR said they are not systematically monitored as part of water pollution tests.

Read more: Scientists find clue to fighting antimicrobial resistance in devil's mother's milk

Difficult to treat

MDRGN pathogens are considered particularly dangerous because they can lead to serious illness and cannot be killed by antibiotics.

Read more: Scientists return to roots to fight superbugs

While healthy people often aren't affected by these pathogens, they can carry them and transmit the germs to others who may be more susceptible. This transmission can lead to life-threatening infections such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia or sepsis. Those with weak immune systems, the elderly and newborns are most at risk.

Thomas Berendonk, a water scientist at Dresden's Technical University, told NDR the findings were concerning because people infected by such bacteria would be extremely difficult to treat.

Read more: Antibiotics can boost bacterial growth

No last resort option

Researchers said the most worrying finding, however, was the discovery of the MCR-1 gene at five of the 12 locations. Bacteria with this gene are resistant to a particularly important last resort antibiotic called colistin, an emergency drug only used in life-threatening situations after other antibiotics have failed.

Scientists believe the resistance gene comes from farms, where colistin is often used to fatten animals and can escape into the environment via manure, insects, rats, dogs and birds.

Read more: US warns of nearly invincible superbug

Watch video 03:31 Share Taming bacteria Send Facebook google+ Whatsapp Tumblr linkedin stumble Digg reddit Newsvine Permalink https://p.dw.com/p/2mbHh Taming bacteria

Germany's Environment Ministry told NDR there was a need for greater research into the spread of resistant bacteria. "There is a need for action, for example, when it comes to bathing water," the ministry said.

Two swimming spots, the Thülfelder dam and the Zwischenahner lake, were among the sites tested by the scientists. They also also took samples from streams near farms, a nursing home, and from a sewer underneath a clinic.

Local authorities in Lower Saxony said the health risk from such bacteria in the environment was relatively low, adding that there was no need to change existing regulations.

It is estimated that several thousand people die in Germany each year from diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.