Australia's first so-called jihadi bride is believed to have emerged from the Islamic State group's last stronghold, and says the children of Australia's most notorious terrorist are alive but stranded in IS territory.

Key points: Zehra Duman left Australia for Syria in 2014, to marry Australian Islamic State fighter Mamdouh Abdullatif

Zehra Duman left Australia for Syria in 2014, to marry Australian Islamic State fighter Mamdouh Abdullatif She has recorded a video message for the grandmother of three of the Sharrouf children who remain in IS territory, saying they are alive

She has recorded a video message for the grandmother of three of the Sharrouf children who remain in IS territory, saying they are alive Governments worldwide are grappling with how to deal with the possible return of the wives and children of IS fighters

The ABC has obtained exclusive footage showing a woman believed to be Zehra Duman with other women and children fleeing Baghuz — the last sliver of land still controlled by Islamic State.

The video, filmed late last week by American humanitarian worker David Eubank, shows a young woman among women and children.

Wearing a niqab — conservative Islamic women's dress that covers everything but the eyes — the woman corrects Mr Eubank when he says her name: "You're Zahra?"

In an Australian accent, she replies: "Zehra."

Australian woman Zehra Duman (centre) with aid workers from the Free Burma Rangers in Syria. ( Supplied )

She then tells Mr Eubank that she was the "best friend" of Tara Nettleton, the wife of Australia's most notorious terrorist, Khaled Sharrouf, who published a photo of his nine-year-old son holding a severed head in Raqqa.

Ms Nettleton died of health complications in 2015 and Sharrouf and two of his sons, Abdullah and Zarqawi, died in an air strike in 2017.

Khaled Sharrouf's children: top row Zaynab, 17 (left) and Hoda, 16 (right). Second row (left to right) is Zarqawi (deceased), Hamze, 9 and Abdullah (deceased). ( Supplied. )

The couple's three remaining children — Zaynab, 17; Hoda, 16; and Hamze, 9 — were left stranded in Syria and there has been ongoing speculation about their location.

Ms Duman revealed the children remain stranded in Baghuz at the centre of the final offensive against the Islamic State group in Syria.

"They're fine and they're alive … I don't know if they're going to leave or not, I haven't kept in contact with them so I don't know," she said.

Ms Duman, 25, left Melbourne for Syria in late 2014.

She moved to the IS Syrian capital of Raqqa and married fellow Melbournian Mahmoud Abdullatif, who was fighting for Islamic State forces. He was slain five weeks after they were wed.

Convicted Australian Islamic State recruit Khaled Sharrouf was killed in an air strike in 2017. ( ABC News )

Ms Duman has been a vocal supporter of the IS group's violent rhetoric on social media as well as an effective recruiter — she allegedly assisted fellow Australian and mother of two Jasmina Milovanov to travel to Syria in May 2015.

However, after the main Twitter account believed to be operated by Ms Duman was suspended in 2015, she disappeared from public view.

Ms Duman's husband, Australian Islamic State fighter Mahmoud Abdullatif was killed in Syria. ( Twitter: @rosemuminah )

Ms Duman's online presence has been a thorn in the side of the Australian Government, which was trying to prevent a steady stream of young Australian Muslims from going to Syria.

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In 2015 Ms Duman, calling herself Umm Abdullatif Australi, posted a picture of a woman wearing niqab and an army jacket and with an automatic rifle in her hands with the caption: "catch me if you can".

An account linked to Zehra Duman tweeted "catch me if you can" in 2015. It has since been suspended. ( Twitter )

The same year a Twitter account believed to have been operated by her posted a series of photos of young women in niqab brandishing automatic rifles and standing on and around a white BMW.

"5-star jihad. M5 (the BMW) in the land of sham (Syria) he he," she wrote under one of the photos.

Women wearing burquas pose on a car with machine guns, believed to be in Raqqa. ( Twitter )

"US + Australia, how does it feel that all 5 of us were born n raised in your lands, & now here thirsty for ur blood?" she wrote next to another photo.

"Can't mess with my clique. From the land down under, to the land of Khilafah. Thats (sic) the Aussie spirit," she wrote in another, referring to Islamic State's so-called caliphate in Syria and Iraq.

Zehra emerges as Islamic State in tatters

Those posts were at the height of Islamic State's success.

Since then the militant group has suffered a series of military setbacks and by late last year held only a small area of land in Syria's south-west province of Deir ez-Zor, near the Iraq border.

This image was posted by a Twitter account linked to Australian jihadi bride Zehra Duman in 2015. ( Twitter )

In September, a US-backed Kurdish paramilitary group called the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) launched a grinding offensive against the remaining Islamic State territory.

Since then, using a combination of ground assaults, artillery and air strikes, the SDF has slowly pushed the remaining militants into ever-smaller areas.

By last week Islamic State forces only controlled the town of Baghuz — a tiny wedge of land about two kilometres wide.

Over the last week as many as 20,000 civilians fled the town and were taken to refugee camps in Syria and Iraq.

'These are children, they had no choice'

Khaled Sharrouf's children Zaynab (pink scarf), Hoda (black scarf), Abdullah (centre, deceased) Hamze (front). ( Supplied )

Karen Nettleton, the Australian grandmother of the Sharrouf children, was ecstatic to hear they were still alive but was worried about their fate, her lawyer Robert Van Aalst told the ABC.

"We had a suspicion that's where the children were, that's been confirmed by Zehra, and the window of opportunity is closing fast," he said.

"We can't do anything but wait and see what happens, to see if there's any more transport out before the final attack to take back Baghouz happens."

Mr Van Aalst believes Ms Duman could have helped the children leave the last IS stronghold.

"Zehra with her children managed to escape, why didn't she make sure that Zaynab, Hoda her brother and two great grandchildren were taken out at the same time," he said.

Mr Van Aalst believes Zehra could have helped the children leave the last Islamic State stronghold.

"Zehra has had quite some influence on the family, particularly the girls and it was within her power to convince them to get out and assist them to get out, she's left them high and dry," he said.

"It looks as if she's looked after herself and just left the children to their fate, whatever that might be."

In January 2015, Zehra shared a photo to her Twitter account of Tara's eldest son, Abdullah Sharrouf with the caption: "Meet Abu Musab. Abu Abdullatifs (sic) lil best mate, may he grow to be like him & receive a beautiful death just like him".

A tweet from an account linked to Zehra Duman in 2015, showing Khaled Sharrouf's son Abdullah. ( Twitter )

Ms Duman had been living with Tara Nettleton and the children and have probably had a close association since she died, Mr Van Aalst said.

"If those kids aren't out before that attack happens, and if they perish in that attack, Karen would feel that Zehra has blood on her hands," he said.

Ms Nettleton and her lawyer are hopeful the children will make it to safety.

"People should realise that these are children, they had no choice in the decision," Mr Van Aalst said.

"They were brought to Turkey and Syria and they have been held captive as far as I'm concerned nearing five years."

Zehra's Australian family 'sick and depressed'

Ms Duman's grandfather, who lives in Melbourne, told the ABC he was very upset with how his granddaughter had turned out.

He said "she was nice before" but had changed within two months.

Her grandfather, who declined to give his full name, said he loved Australia and he wanted the people involved in her conversion to Islamic State supporter to be caught.

"[I] want Australia to catch those who changed her," he said.

This message, from an account linked to Ms Duman, was tweeted in 2015.

When asked if he thought his granddaughter wanted to come back to Australia, he said: "How could I know? I know nothing.

"If she's back to Australia, she's by herself," he said.

Her father Davut Duman said thinking about the situation made him sick and depressed.

He declined to speak further about his daughter.

Ms Duman's grandfather said the 25-year-old held dual Australian-Turkish citizenship.

This may mean the Australian Government could cancel her Australian citizenship, as she would not be left stateless.

Under Australian law she can only have her citizenship cancelled and refused the right to return if she is also a citizen of another nation.

Khaled Sharrouf's daughter Hoda with her grandmother Karen Nettleton. ( Supplied )

A spokesman for Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton said the Australian Government's capacity to confirm the identity of Australians in Syria was extremely limited.

"Australian officials cannot facilitate the safe passage of people out of the conflict zones," the spokesman said.

"Anyone fighting with or providing support or associating with ISIS or other terrorist groups has committed a serious crime and will face the consequences should they return to Australia.

"However the Morrison Government is determined to deal with these people as far from our shores as possible and ensure that any who do return do so with forewarning and into the hands of appropriate agencies.

"We have legislation before the Parliament which will enable us to impose Temporary Exclusion Orders preventing these people from returning to Australia until their actions and circumstances can be considered on a case by case basis."

Australian terrorist used children for propaganda

One of Khaled Sharrouf's sons poses with a gun. ( ABC News )

Convicted terrorist Sharrouf left Australia to join IS in late 2013 and became internationally infamous when the pictures of his son holding a severed head went global.

Even US secretary of state at the time, John Kerry, reacted to the photo.

"This image is really one of the most disturbing, stomach-turning, grotesque photographs ever displayed," Mr Kerry said.

Sharrouf returned to the public consciousness in May 2017 when a video emerged of his youngest son Hamze being coaxed by his off-screen father to simulate the killing of non-Muslims and Australians.

He became the first Australian to have his citizenship stripped earlier this year under new counter-terrorism legislation. He remained a citizen of Lebanon.

He was killed in a targeted American air strike three months later, suggesting he was senior enough within the IS system to end up on a US kill list.

The revelation about the location of his remaining children will likely be a headache for Canberra, given they were taken by their parents to the warzone and likely coerced into involvement with ISIS.

They hold only Australian citizenship and if they manage to escape Baghuz their Australian family will expect the Australian Government to help them return home, as other Western nations have done with other families.



Jihadi brides flee after movement's collapse

This picture dated February 20 is said to show families who were trapped in Baghuz being transported out of the area. ( Supplied: Free Burma Rangers )

At the height of the Islamic State movement's popularity in 2014 and 2015 — in the aftermath of their capture of Iraq's second-largest city, Mosul — several dozen Australian women left home to join husbands who travelled to Syria to fight, or to marry men already fighting with the Islamic militant group.

Along with hundreds of women from other Western nations, those Australian women became known as Islamic State's "jihadi brides".

Many created social media accounts and became well-known online figures, spreading the group's propaganda and encouraging other women to join them.

The issue of jihadi brides has been front and centre in recent weeks, with Western media outlets discovering some of the women languishing in Syrian refugee camps.

UK citizen Shamima Begum recently left Islamic State-controlled territory and publicly pleaded with the British Government to allow her to come home.

In response the conservative government revealed it had revoked her UK citizenship.

In the US, President Donald Trump announced he would prevent the return of US citizen Hoda Muthana after she too did media interviews asking to be allowed to return.

It is unclear what action the Australian Government will take regarding Ms Duman.

A convoy said to be carrying women and children from Bagouz in Syria, the last IS stronghold. ( Supplied: Free Burma Rangers )

Brutal movement united extremist groups under one banner

Islamic State was a small gathering of various Iraqi and Syrian extremist groups that shot to global notoriety in 2014 when it captured Mosul.

The United Nations has declared it a terrorist organisation and it has committed a swathe of war crimes and other human rights abuses, including televised beheadings, sexual slavery, using child soldiers and genocidal massacres.

Its main aim appears to be the creation of an Islamic empire or caliphate across the Middle East and North Africa, though since 2014 the group has also encouraged — sometimes enabled — terrorist attacks across the Western and Arab world.

Hundreds of people have been killed in Sydney, Manchester, Paris and dozens of other cities across the Middle East, Europe, Asia and North America as part of attacks linked to the Islamic State movement.

The group is also responsible for one of the worst terrorist attacks in recorded history, when in June 2014 a small group of militants killed more than 1,500 unarmed Iraqi air force cadets as they left the Camp Speicher military base near Tikrit.