By historical reasons, public policies related to native and exotic fauna management in Brazil have been responsible for several processes of biological invasion by promoting incentives to exoticism in expressing opposition to the benefits of the Convention on Biodiversity Diversity (CBD), which Brazil is one of the main protagonists during the Eco-92 Conference (Rio de Janeiro, 1992). I describe what Brazilian government has made since then for natural resources management, especially on sustainable uses from wildlife to avoid and restrict the commercial exotic animal production. I use specific cases of invasive exotic fauna, including the feral hog and wild boar (Sus scrofa) invasions at national scale, to evaluate the Brazilian government's commitments and responsibilities in relation to the demands from society related to the management and use of fauna, especially from the socio-economic and environmental point of view. I discuss the causes, consequences and challenges to the public managers for wildlife use and conservation, and its particular socio-economic and environmental conflicts that are disastrous and compromising the biological megadiversity in Brazil. Considering the national and regional scenarios presented, I also deal with ecological issues concerning the distribution and occupation of invasive wild boar in Mato Grosso do Sul state, starting with the occurrence survey and the mapping of the conflicts related to the presence of wild boar (javali/javaporco) and also of the feral hog (porco-monteiro) in the Pantanal plain in recent years. I present the spatiotemporal evolution of the process of invasion of feral pigs, especially regarding the most recent cycle of invasion involving wild boars and their hybrids (javalis/javaporcos). I identify some factors that have influenced this dynamic, showing the localities where the encounter between these populations and the oldest population of the feral hog (porco-monteiro) in the Pantanal has been taking places. It is also estimated the frequency of detection and occupation of the feral pigs in the state, as well as the percentage of the area invaded by wild boars/hybrids (javalis/javaporcos) in the state and their local relative abundance. The detection and occupation (invasion area) of feral pigs are tested between both, and also in relation to the effect of socioeconomic and environmental variables that could be associated to the occurrences of feral pigs as habitat types detected in the landscape and land uses identified in the state. In addition, I present feral pig population estimative all over the MS state, considering the current frequency and also population size predictions, if the abundance reaches their thresholds of environmental saturation, modeling the feral pigs distribution and occupation. Finally, the relative frequency of detection between the three species of suiforms, Sus scrofa and the two native species, Tayassu pecari and Pecari tajacu, is presented and discussed, as well as the possible relationships among them and the implications for the conservation of native biodiversity. These aspects were related to the management policies of invasive feral pigs and the conservation of regional biodiversity, in the light of what has already been discussed in all chapters. At the end, I critized the current model of extremely protectionist management of wildlife by the Brazilian State, which repels investments in research and development, and propose a new management model for fauna based on scientific and technological knowledge and supported by free market initiatives.