"The justification for changing the law so that police at an airport can ask you to identify yourself, the justification is the safety of the Australian people," he said. Under existing laws, police can only demand ID if they have reasonable grounds to suspect someone is involved in criminal activity. "There's certain conditions that need to be met at the moment before police can ask for that identification," said Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton. "Which is an absurdity and it’s an issue that the police have raised with us. So we're addressing an anomaly and a deficiency in the law at the moment." Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull at Tullamarine Airport in Melbourne for a press conference on enhanced security measures. Credit:Simon Schluter The new rules will not require travellers to carry ID.

Greens senator Nick McKim said the new rules were indicative of a "slow march of authoritarianism" that must be resisted. “People should be free to live without arbitrary harassment and being forced to carry ID wherever they go,” Senator McKim said. “Demanding people produce documents on the spot is a hallmark of police states.” John Coyne, head of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute’s border security program, said random ID checks risked damaging social cohesion and increasing the risk of extremism in some communities while offering no clear benefits. “Right now are there people with beards and dark skin concerned they’re going to be targeted to show identification at the airport,” Dr Coyne said. “In this case there’s no clear, substantial increase in security and it just ends up in providing a number of negative impacts.”

Unlike many jurisdictions, passengers who checked-in to Australian domestic flights online will still be able to board domestic flights without showing ID to either security or airline staff. Dr Coyne said was unlikely to be changed because of the “incredible” amount of money airlines and airports saved by not having to check IDs. “The argument here is that the next best thing is, let’s be able to ask people for identification if we want it from them,” he said. The Turnbull government's budget laid out $294 million in funding for airport security, which will see 190 further counter-terrorism police officers and 50 in technical and intelligence support positions. The body scanners and X-ray equipment will be rolled out at airports across the country, with regional airports receiving $50 million in funding. Inbound air cargo and international mail also face improved screening technology.