Populations of birds like goldfinches and wood pigeons that were rarely seen in gardens 40 years ago are now booming because people are leaving out food for them, according to a new study.

As a result they are "reshaping" entire communities, researchers said.

“Back in the 1970s goldfinches and wood pigeons were seen eating food in 10 per cent of gardens whereas now they’re in around 90 per cent of gardens which have food out,” lead researcher Kate Plummer from the British Trust of Orthonology (BTO) told The Independent.

During that decade, households mainly put out nuts, oats and seed mixes. At the time, half of all birds using feeders were either sparrows and starlings.

Now there’s much more choice, with fat balls, niger seeds, suet cake and sunflower hearts all on sale. As a result there is a greater diversity of birds coming into our gardens, including long-tailed tits, siskins, nuthatches and bullfinches.

On a wing and a prayer: British birds under threat Show all 5 1 /5 On a wing and a prayer: British birds under threat On a wing and a prayer: British birds under threat 306581.bin Tree Sparrow: This rural relative of the house sparrow has nose-dived in number, falling from millions to tens of thousands, with agricultural intensification depriving it of year-round sources of food Getty Images On a wing and a prayer: British birds under threat 306585.bin Starling: Less than half as common as 30 years ago, this gregarious species, which roosts in huge flocks, is thought to have been affected by losses of permanent pasture and mixed farms. Getty Images On a wing and a prayer: British birds under threat 38974.bin Wood Warbler: A yellow-green bird of mature upland oak woods in western Britain, the wood warbler may have declined due to changes in preferred habitats either here or in African wintering areas. RSPB On a wing and a prayer: British birds under threat 38975.bin Willow Tit: This resident species, which excavates nest holes in damp woodland, has declined in number by more than 80 per cent since 1970. Alamy On a wing and a prayer: British birds under threat 515101.bin Turtle Dove: Insufficient food in both overgrazed wintering areas in Africa and intensively farmed fields in Britain, coupled with hunting on migration, have caused the severe decline of this once common summer visitor ALAMY

Sparrowhawks, magpies, pheasants and carrion crow have also done well because they predate on birds that feed from bird feeders.

A few species like song thrush and mistle thrush who rarely come to feeders have seen numbers decline.

“We now know that garden bird feeding is one of many important environmental factors affecting British bird numbers," Dr Plummer said. “Regular visits to garden feeders in urban areas appear to have led to population growth across more than 30 different bird species, while there has been no change in the average population sizes of birds that don’t visit feeders."

Annually, British bird-lovers put out enough food to sustain up to 196 million birds at a cost of £300m a year, according to the study published in Nature Communications journal.

“It is fascinating to discover how this seemingly small-scale hobby is in fact restructuring bird communities across large spatial scales,” said Dr Plummer.

Scientists analysed which birds had been recorded on Garden Bird Feeding Surveys (GBFS) in 1973/74 and 2012/13. They also examined bird food adverts to show how sales of bird food has changed since the early 1970s.

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They found that feeding birds could contribute to national-scale population changes.

“The study underlines that the pleasure we take in feeding the birds visiting our gardens can have a significant effect on our garden wildlife, and that is certainly food for thought," Dr Plummer said.