• E. Ihsanoglu, “Institutionalisation of Science in the Medreses of Pre-Ottoman and Ottoman Turkey,” in G. Irzık and G. Güzeldere (eds), Turkish Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science (Dordrecht: 2005), 265-84.

• G.L. Lewis (trans.), Kātib Chelebi: The Balance of Truth (London: 1957).

• F.J. Ragep, “Freeing Astronomy from Philosophy: an Aspect of Islamic Influence on Science,” Osiris 16 (2001), 49-71.

• A. Shihadeh, “Khojazāda on al-Ghazālī’s Criticism of the Philosophers’ Proof of the Existence of God,” in T. Yücedoğru et al. (eds), International Symposium on Khojazada (22-24 October 2010 Bursa): Proceedings (Bursa: 2011), 141-61.

• M.C. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety: The Ottoman Ulema in the Postclassical Age (1600-1800) (Minneapolis: 1988).

Thanks to Khaled El-Rouayheb, Christoph Neumann, Sait Ozervarli, Reza Pourjavady and Eric van Lit for advice on this episode.