“Lots of women have tried to use the collective bargaining process in male-dominated industries and found that when they tried to grieve the conduct of a fellow union member they were labeled as traitors, as betraying the union or solidarity,” said Ana Avendaño, a former assistant general counsel at the A.F.L.-C.I.O. who now works as a consultant.

The traditional structure has sometimes pitted women complaining of misconduct against the unions that are supposed to protect them, she said. Women who are subjected to harassment are often told to report it to their employers, since companies are legally required to provide safe workplaces. That has often led to an uncomfortable dynamic, Ms. Avendaño said, with victims of harassment and their employers on one side and harassers and their unions on the other.

Now some unions are rethinking their approaches, particularly in the high-profile fields of arts and entertainment.

One union, the Stage Directors and Choreographers Society, recently changed its publications to make it clear that its members not only have the right to a safe, healthy workplace, but also the responsibility to foster one. After the producer Harvey Weinstein was accused of sexual harassment and assaults by numerous actors, SAG-Aftra, the screen actors union, issued an expansive new code of conduct to prevent sexual harassment. Actors’ Equity, which represents 51,000 theater actors and stage managers, recently announced a new anonymous hotline for members to report harassment and bullying. Its executive director, Mary McColl, said that complaints had “increased exponentially” after the Weinstein case.

The American Guild of Musical Artists, which represents Mr. Ramasar and choristers, opera singers, stage directors and dancers around the nation, has been strengthening its policies as well. It set up a hotline for members to report harassment and now assigns separate staff members to represent each side in member-on-member disputes (a procedure Actors’ Equity has long used). The guild is now working to negotiate a new code of conduct with City Ballet in an effort to clarify what behaviors are not acceptable.