Though India and Pakistan retreated from the brink of war, an information conflict is on over tit-for-tat air raids.

India and Pakistan have retreated from the brink of a possible war, but an information conflict still rages over their tit-for-tat air raids and an aerial dogfight between the nuclear-armed archrivals.

A suicide bombing on February 14 killed at least 40 troops in one of the deadliest attacks in Indian-administered Kashmir on Indian forces in a 30-year conflict with rebels who want independence or a merger with Pakistan.

New Delhi has long accused Islamabad of supporting the rebels even as the attack was claimed by Pakistan-based armed group, Jaish-e-Muhammad (JeM).

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New Delhi accuses Islamabad of using groups like JeM as proxies to attack India, which despite repeated “crackdowns” manage to resume their activities.

Pakistan, which denies the allegation, this week said it will not allow armed groups to operate on its soil.

Here is a brief summary of what both countries, which have fought three wars since 1947, have said in recent days about their most serious standoff in years.

‘250 dead’

India launched air attacks on February 26 on what it called a JeM training camp at Balakot inside Pakistan, 12 days after the suicide bombing.

Vijay Keshav Gokhale, the Indian foreign secretary, hours after its pre-dawn air raid, said the target of the “pre-emptive strike” was “jihadis” in the “biggest training camp of JeM”.

Gokhale said “a very large number of JeM terrorists, trainers, senior commanders and groups of jihadis who were being trained for fidayeen [suicide] action were eliminated”.

While the Indian government has given no official statement about the numbers of dead, Indian local media ran several source-based reports claiming as many as 350 killed.

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Leading politicians linked to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), including party president Amit Shah, put the death toll at 250.

Some of those asking for proof – such as opposition politicians accusing Modi of using the crisis to boost his standing ahead of looming elections – have gotten short shrift.

In the next raids, “opposition parties raising these questions can be tied under the jets… so that they can look at the targets”, thundered India’s junior foreign minister VK Singh.

Just trees?

Pakistani officials said that Indian warplanes did breach its airspace, dropping what military spokesman Major General Asif Ghafoor described as “payloads” near Balakot.

But Islamabad has denied there was any damage or casualties.

“Once again, (the) Indian government has resorted to a self-serving, reckless and fictitious claim,” Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi said.

Local residents reported hearing explosions in the night, but said only one person was injured and that no infrastructure was destroyed.

The army escorted reporters to the area, but independent reporting by multiple local and international outlets who visited the site also found no evidence of a training camp for rebels – or of any infrastructure damage at all.

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A reporter of the AFP news agency visited what his Pakistani military escort and locals said was the site of Indian raid and saw a crater, two trees snapped in half and three houses of mud, one of which had a collapsed wall.

AFP has not independently verified if any JeM training camps are nearby. Some media reported that a “madrassa” (religious school) run by JeM was in the vicinity, but undamaged.

The Atlantic Council’s Digital Forensic Research Lab said that open-source satellite imagery indicated “only impacts in the wooded area, with no damage being visible to the surrounding structures”.

Pakistan has even – perhaps tongue in cheek – floated the possibility of lodging a complaint against India for “eco-terrorism” for the “killing” of dozens of trees.

Dogfight

A further bone of contention is the air raid by Pakistani aircraft into Indian airspace and the subsequent aerial dogfight in the skies over Kashmir on February 27.

Pakistan said it shot down two Indian planes, one falling on the Pakistani side of the Line of Control (LoC) frontier and the other on the Indian side.

Initially, Pakistan said it had captured two Indian pilots, but the military later clarified it had just one pilot in custody.

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Attacking Pakistani “disinformation”, India’s Air Vice Marshal RGK Kapoor said India had lost just one plane, whose pilot was captured – and later released – by Pakistan.

Kapoor also said an Indian MiG21 had shot down one Pakistani F16, crashing on the Pakistani side, but Islamabad denied this.

“The fact… is that Indian army units had reported sighting two parachutes falling [in Pakistan-administered Kashmir], which were of two F-16 pilots [from] the aircraft that was shot down by [a] MiG21,” Kapoor said.

‘Open space’

Pakistan said its planes had crossed the LoC, the de facto border with India, in broad daylight and locked on to six targets to show they could, but then hit “open space” instead.

But India rejected this too, saying that Pakistan had intended to attack Indian military installations but had been “foiled” by its aircraft.

“Although PAF bombs have fallen in the Indian army formation compounds, they were unable to cause any damage to our military installations,” Kapoor said.