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ALBANY — After New York State leaders reached a deal on a new $175 billion budget, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo praised it as “the best budget” of his tenure. The Assembly speaker, Carl E. Heastie, called elements of it “critical” and “historic.”

Yet on Monday, as the Legislature finished approving the budget, some progressive lawmakers were furious.

Several assembly members who voted for the budget bill listed what they saw as failures and said that there was “not a lot we should smile about.” A senator wrote on Twitter that she had cried as the votes were being counted.

Many spoke on the floor against the revenue portion of the budget, which contained the bulk of the policy; 17 Democrats in the Assembly voted against it — a number unseen in the past eight years of Mr. Cuomo’s tenure.