WASHINGTON—The U.S. government needs to adopt structural changes not seen since the aftermath of the 2001 terrorist attacks to confront proliferating cyber threats that increasingly endanger national and economic security, a government commission has concluded.

The Cyberspace Solarium Commission will release a report Wednesday detailing the results of a monthslong study, calling for changes ranging from modifications of existing functions to the substantial overhaul of the federal government.

One recommendation, for example, urges the creation of new committees in Congress dedicated solely to cybersecurity. Another calls for creation of a Senate-confirmed post of national cyber director in the White House.

In sometimes stark language, the commission assesses bluntly that the U.S.’s current approach to preventing or mitigating damage from cyberattacks is fundamentally flawed and in need of immediate change.

“The U.S. is currently not designed to act with the speed and agility necessary to defend the country in cyberspace,” the report said. “Our country has lost hundreds of billions of dollars to nation-state-sponsored intellectual property theft using cyber espionage.”