(A and B) Mice were infected with 103 PFU of SFV4 either in presence (dark gray bars) or absence (light gray bars) of a mosquito bite. Copy number of SFV RNA (E1 gene) and host 18S was determined by qPCR. Virus titers in the serum were also quantified by plaque assay (n ≥ 7).

(C) Mice were infected either in the presence (black line) or absence (grey dotted line) of a mosquito bite with SFV4 (n = 10).

(D and E) Mice were infected with 250 PFU SFV6 in presence (dark gray bars) or absence (light gray bars, n = 5) of a mosquito bite.

(F) Mice were infected either in the presence (black line) or absence (grey dotted line) of a mosquito bite with SFV6 (n = 10).

(G) Mice were infected with 104 PFU BUNV in presence or absence of a mosquito bite (n = 6) and the level of viral RNA and infectious titer quantified at 24 hpi by qPCR and plaque assay. Gene expression of the virally encoded M-segment was used to assay BUNV RNA.

(H) Mice were injected with either saline or TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4 or exposed to mosquito bites and edema determined at 3 hpi (n = 8).

(I) Mice were infected with 103 PFU SFV4 constituted in differing volumes and SFV E1 RNA copy number determined by qPCR (n = 8).