This material is based on work supported by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under award numbers DE-NA0003856 and DENA0001944, the Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under award number DE-FC02-04ER54789, the University of Rochester and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the US Government. Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favouring by the US Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof.

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Nature thanks I. Kaganovich, R. Scott and the other anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.