Here’s a curious identity I ran across while browsing Knuth’s magnum opus.

Here gcd(i, j) is the greatest common divisor of i and j, and φ(n) is Euler’s phi (or totient) function, the number of positive integers less than or equal to n and relatively prime to n.

The more general version of Smith’s determinant replaces gcd(i, j) above with f( gcd(i, j) ) for an arbitrary function f.

As a hint at a proof, you can do column operations on the matrix to obtain a triangular matrix with φ(i) in the ith spot along the diagonal.

Source: TAOCP vol 2, section 4.5.2, problem 42.