As chief studios officer of Electronic Arts Inc., Laura Miele commands an army of more than 6,000 people globally who are behind some of the world’s most popular videogame franchises, including FIFA, Battlefield and The Sims. She is also one of just two women on the senior leadership team, working in an industry whose top brass and creators are mostly male.

There are just five women with chief officer titles across the top five publicly traded U.S. game companies by market capitalization, including Ms. Miele. And in 2017,...