Migration numbers typically rebound in August after a summer lull. Overall, the number of foreigners apprehended or deemed “inadmissible” at border crossings rose to 46,560 in August, up from 40,011 in July.

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Department of Homeland Security officials said the arrival of so many families was due to court-imposed restrictions limiting the duration children may be detained in immigration jails. The result, officials said, is that parents bring children as a way to win quick release from government custody and avoid deportation.

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“The numbers have continued to increase because this is a well-known avenue to arrive in the U.S. and be allowed to stay,” said Customs and Border Protection Commissioner Kevin McAleenan, calling the trend “a crisis of significant proportions, from a humanitarian perspective and a security perspective.”

Trump has used the monthly arrest figures as a way to measure his administration’s track record on immigration enforcement, and his attention to the numbers has transformed their publication into a closely watched event within DHS. With illegal migration rising again, the president has stopped touting the numbers as a sign of his success, blaming the increases on Democrats whom he accuses of obstructing his plan to build a border wall.

Agents working in South Texas described August as a busy month of rafts coming across the Rio Grande and groups so large they had to be loaded onto Border Patrol buses.

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Arrests of migrant family members increased by a similar percentage during the same period last year, rising 36 percent from July to August 2017. But the 12,774 family members taken into custody this August marked a threefold increase over 2017 and stands among the highest monthly totals on record.

In addition to the number of families detained between official ports of entry, 3,181 family members attempted to enter from Mexico at U.S. border crossings, typically seeking asylum, according to Customs and Border Protection, which categorizes such migrants as “inadmissibles.”

Nearly all family members appearing at the border are from the Northern Triangle of Central America — Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador — where homicide rates and grinding poverty have fueled emigration for decades.

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What has changed, DHS officials say, is the growing recognition in Central America of the opportunities afforded by what they consider “legal loopholes” in U.S. enforcement. Restrictions on child detention leave the federal government powerless to stop parents who bring children, officials said.

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“Smugglers and traffickers understand our broken immigration laws better than most and know that if a family unit illegally enters the U.S. they are likely to be released into the interior,” DHS spokesman Tyler Q. Houlton said in a written statement.

“We know that the vast majority of family units who have been released, despite having no right to remain in any legal status, fail to ever depart or be removed,” Houlton said. According to the latest DHS statistics, he added, more than 98 percent of family members from El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras who arrived between October 2016 and the end of June are still present in the United States.

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By law, the government can hold children in immigration jails for up to 20 days. Such limitation, DHS officials say, hamstrings enforcement efforts and results in a system — they call it “catch and release” — that entices more and more parents to bring children northward along a dangerous path dominated by smuggling mafias.

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“We have an increasingly vulnerable population in the hands of increasingly violent criminal organizations,” McAleenan said. According to Customs and Border Protection estimates, the journey to the United States from Central America costs $5,000 to $8,000, he said, generating $2 billion a year in profits for smugglers.

DHS is mounting new legal challenges to child-detention rules in a bid to hold families for however long it takes to adjudicate their appeals for asylum or other forms of humanitarian protection offered by the U.S. immigration system.

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There is also concern the publicity generated by Trump’s family-separation strategy — and its abrupt reversal — may have had the unintended effect of encouraging more migration. Border agents who backed Trump’s crackdown say smugglers are telling potential customers that their window may close if the rules are tightened again.

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McAleenan said a “realization that that gap still exists for family units” has driven their numbers higher.

“I believe that the executive order highlighting the family unity and highlighting that we needed this gap in the legal framework addressed by Congress very starkly made it clear that it still exists and has contributed to flow,” he said.

Illegal migration dropped to a half-century low in 2017, but with arrest totals returning to levels more consistent with President Barack Obama’s second term in office, Trump has been unable to campaign on a record of tougher border security.

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In May, as the arrest numbers topped 50,000 for the third consecutive month, Trump lashed out at Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen, telling her to “close” the border.

The “zero tolerance” prosecution initiative launched that month by DHS and the Justice Department no longer applies to parents who arrive with children, but officials continue to impose criminal charges and potential jail time on single adults. Their declining share among the arrest totals is proof, DHS officials say, that more-aggressive enforcement has a deterrent effect.

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Trump has cited such surges in justifying his push for a border wall and in recent weeks has repeated threats to shut down the federal government this fall if lawmakers do not fund the project.

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“A different administration would see this as a reason to reach across the aisle and come together on a long-term solution that has something for everyone, from asylum access to security, and addresses why Central Americans are fleeing. But that’s not going to happen,” said Adam Isacson, a security analyst at the Washington Office on Latin America, a human rights group.

“My fear is that this White House will use the increased numbers to cause more suffering among the migrant population and maybe to limit legal immigration further,” Isacson said.

Isacson said he did not view the jump in family arrests as a crisis yet, but he cautioned, “If the numbers continue to rise through the end of the year, as they did in 2016, by December the system for dealing with the asylum demand could be near collapse.”

Customs and Border Protection figures show the number of migrants under age 18 in U.S. custody also rose last month, and the Department of Health and Human Services said this week it had 12,800 minors in its shelters, a record number.