everyone. This is my first time posting on AskUbuntu, and I'm really hoping I can get some help.

Background: I had a dual boot partition of OS X Mavericks and Windows 8 on my 2012 Macbook Pro. I've been wanting to switch to Ubuntu for a while now, so I made a live CD and tested it out on the hardware. Everything worked fine testing the live CD (that's actually how I'm posting this message), so I assumed installation would work as well.

I ran the installation process, and when it finished it prompted me to restart. When I did, I got a black screen with only the message: "Missing operating system". When I restart and hold the Option key to select a boot location, all I see is a Windows option, no Ubuntu. I tried installing again with the same results.

Some searching online told me the problem I'm having may be related to the result of running the following in the terminal:

sudo parted -l

I tried that, and my results were:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo parted -l Model: ATA OWC Mercury EXTR (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 240GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 538MB 537MB fat32 EFI System Partition boot 2 538MB 794MB 256MB ext2 3 794MB 240GB 239GB lvm Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: 8493MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 8493MB 8493MB linux-swap(v1) Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: 231GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 231GB 231GB ext4 Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk!

Hope this helps, and thank you in advance!

edit: another thread shows that the result of the following command may help:

sudo fdisk -l

so here are my results: