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Long Jiang, Yuanyuan Yu, Guang Li, Liansuo Zu. Divergent Synthesis of Hydro-γ-Carbolines and Multisubstituted Indoles through Grob Fragmentation/Mannich Cyclization. Chemistry - An Asian Journal 2016 , 11 (20) , 2838-2840. 11 (20) , 2838-2840. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201600980

Farah W. Suhaimi, Nurul H.M. Yusoff, Rahimah Hassan, Sharif M. Mansor, Visweswaran Navaratnam, Christian P. Müller, Zurina Hassan. Neurobiology of Kratom and its main alkaloid mitragynine. Brain Research Bulletin 2016 , 126 , 29-40. 126 , 29-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.03.015

Cyril Piemontesi, Qian Wang, Jieping Zhu. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Terengganensine A. Angewandte Chemie 2016 , 128 (22) , 6666-6670. 128 (22) , 6666-6670. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201602374

Cyril Piemontesi, Qian Wang, Jieping Zhu. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Terengganensine A. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2016 , 55 (22) , 6556-6560. 55 (22) , 6556-6560. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201602374

Liang-Jie Zhang, Yao Wang, Xiu-Qin Hu, Peng-Fei Xu. Hydrogen-Bonding Network Promoted [3+2] Cycloaddition: Asymmetric Catalytic Construction of Spiro-pseudoindoxyl Derivatives. Chemistry - An Asian Journal 2016 , 11 (6) , 834-838. 11 (6) , 834-838. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201600013

Hua Jiang, Yun-Bao Liu, Yong Li, Li Li, Shuang-Gang Ma, Jing Qu, Shi-Shan Yu. Analgesic corynanthe-type alkaloids from Strychnos angustiflora. Tetrahedron 2016 , 72 (10) , 1276-1284. 72 (10) , 1276-1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2015.11.011

Noriyuki Takanashi, Kenta Suzuki, Mariko Kitajima, Hiromitsu Takayama. Total synthesis of conolidine and apparicine. Tetrahedron Letters 2016 , 57 (3) , 375-378. 57 (3) , 375-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.12.029

Chao Yang, Guanyun Cheng, Baofu Huang, Fengtian Xue, Chao Jiang. Metal-free regioselective construction of indolin-3-ones via hypervalent iodine oxidation of N-substituted indoles. RSC Advances 2016 , 6 (90) , 87134-87141. 6 (90) , 87134-87141. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA19741H

Nurul H. M. Yusoff, Farah W. Suhaimi, Raja K. Vadivelu, Zurina Hassan, Anne Rümler, Andrea Rotter, Davide Amato, Hans C. Dringenberg, Sharif M. Mansor, Visweswaran Navaratnam, Christian P. Müller. Abuse potential and adverse cognitive effects of mitragynine (kratom). Addiction Biology 2016 , 21 (1) , 98-110. 21 (1) , 98-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12185

Norsyifa Harun, Zurina Hassan, Visweswaran Navaratnam, Sharif M. Mansor, Mohammed Shoaib. Discriminative stimulus properties of mitragynine (kratom) in rats. Psychopharmacology 2015 , 232 (13) , 2227-2238. 232 (13) , 2227-2238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-3866-5

Neeraj Gupta, Deepti Goyal. Synthesis of indole and its derivatives in water. Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 2015 , 51 (1) , 4-16. 51 (1) , 4-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10593-015-1651-3

Jamie P. Smith, Oliver B. Sutcliffe, Craig E. Banks. An overview of recent developments in the analytical detection of new psychoactive substances (NPSs). The Analyst 2015 , 140 (15) , 4932-4948. 140 (15) , 4932-4948. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5AN00797F

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Robert Raffa, Jaclyn Beckett, Vivek Brahmbhatt, Theresa Ebinger, Chrisjon Fabian, Justin Nixon, Steven Orlando, Chintan Rana, Ali Tejani, Robert Tomazic. Short Overview of Mitragynines. 2014 ,,, 9-22. ,, 9-22. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17666-3

Vedanjali Gogineni, Francisco Leon, Bonnie Avery, Christopher McCurdy, Stephen Cutler. Phytochemistry of Mitragyna speciosa. 2014 ,,, 77-94. ,, 77-94. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17666-7

Mariko Kitajima, Hiromitsu Takayama. Chemistry of Mitragyna Alkaloids. 2014 ,,, 101-116. ,, 101-116. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17666-9

Goh Teik Beng, Ramu Meesala, Mohd Nizam Mordi, Sharif Mahsufi Mansor. Unexpected Reduction of Indole Double Bond in Mitragynine Using n -Butylsilane and Catalytic Tris(pentaflorophenyl)borane. Synthetic Communications 2014 , 44 (9) , 1291-1295. 44 (9) , 1291-1295. https://doi.org/10.1080/00397911.2013.853798

Kenjiro Matsumoto, Minoru Narita, Naotaka Muramatsu, Terumi Nakayama, Kaori Misawa, Mariko Kitajima, Kimihito Tashima, Lakshmi A. Devi, Tsutomu Suzuki, Hiromitsu Takayama, Syunji Horie. Orally Active Opioid μ / δ Dual Agonist MGM-16, a Derivative of the Indole Alkaloid Mitragynine, Exhibits Potent Antiallodynic Effect on Neuropathic Pain in Mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2014 , 348 (3) , 383-392. 348 (3) , 383-392. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.113.208108

Santosh J. Gharpure, V. Prasath. Stereoselective synthesis of C-fused pyranoindoles, pyranobenzofurans and pyranobenzothiophene scaffolds using oxa-Pictet–Spengler type reaction of vinylogous carbonates. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2014 , 12 (37) , 7397-7409. 12 (37) , 7397-7409. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4OB01387E

Prasanna Kumara Chikkade, Yohei Shimizu, Motomu Kanai. Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)indole scaffolds via consecutive intramolecular amido-cupration of allenes and asymmetric addition of carbonyl compounds. Chemical Science 2014 , 5 (4) , 1585. 5 (4) , 1585. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3sc52803k

Pradeep K. Vuppala, Seshulatha Jamalapuram, Edward B. Furr, Christopher R. McCurdy, Bonnie A. Avery. Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of 7-hydroxymitragynine, a μ -opioid agonist, in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomedical Chromatography 2013 , 27 (12) , 1726-1732. 27 (12) , 1726-1732. https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.2986

Xing-Fen Cao, Jun-Song Wang, Xiao-Bing Wang, Jun Luo, Hong-Ying Wang, Ling-Yi Kong. Monoterpene indole alkaloids from the stem bark of Mitragyna diversifolia and their acetylcholine esterase inhibitory effects. Phytochemistry 2013 , 96 , 389-396. 96 , 389-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.10.002

Jing Sun, Li-Li Zhang, Chao-Guo Yan. Facile construction of 1,2,6,7,12,12b-hexahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizines via one-pot three-component reactions of tryptamines, propiolate, and α,β-unsaturated aromatic aldehydes or ketones. Tetrahedron 2013 , 69 (26) , 5451-5459. 69 (26) , 5451-5459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.100

Hai-Bin Yang, Yin Wei, Min Shi. Construction of spiro[indoline]oxindoles through one-pot thermal-induced [3+2] cycloaddition/silica gel-promoted fragmentation sequence between isatin ketonitrones and electron-deficient alkynes. Tetrahedron 2013 , 69 (20) , 4088-4097. 69 (20) , 4088-4097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.062

Andre Ndagijimana, Xiaoming Wang, Guixiang Pan, Fan Zhang, Hong Feng, Olajide Olaleye. A review on indole alkaloids isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla and their pharmacological studies. Fitoterapia 2013 , 86 , 35-47. 86 , 35-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.018

Zurina Hassan, Mustapha Muzaimi, Visweswaran Navaratnam, Nurul H.M. Yusoff, Farah W. Suhaimi, Rajakumar Vadivelu, Balasingam K. Vicknasingam, Davide Amato, Stephan von Hörsten, Nurul I.W. Ismail, Nanthini Jayabalan, Ammar I. Hazim, Sharif M. Mansor, Christian P. Müller. From Kratom to mitragynine and its derivatives: Physiological and behavioural effects related to use, abuse, and addiction. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2013 , 37 (2) , 138-151. 37 (2) , 138-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.11.012

Juzaili Azizi, Sabariah Ismail, Sharif Mahsufi Mansor. Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaves extracts induced the CYP450 catalyzed aminopyrine-N-demethylase (APND) and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) activities in male Sprague-Dawley rat livers. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions 2013 , 28 (2) 28 (2) https://doi.org/10.1515/dmdi-2012-0039

Abdul Rahman Shamima, Sharida Fakurazi, Mohamad Taufik Hidayat, Ithnin Hairuszah, Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas, Palanisamy Arulselvan. Antinociceptive Action of Isolated Mitragynine from Mitragyna Speciosa through Activation of Opioid Receptor System. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2012 , 13 (9) , 11427-11442. 13 (9) , 11427-11442. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms130911427

Kamarudin Ahmad, Zoriah Aziz. Mitragyna speciosa use in the northern states of Malaysia: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2012 , 141 (1) , 446-450. 141 (1) , 446-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.009

R. S. Alekseyev, A. V. Kurkin, M. A. Yurovskaya. Aza-γ-carbolines and their benzannelated derivatives: methods of synthesis, chemical and biological properties (Review)*. Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 2012 , 47 (12) , 1469-1501. 47 (12) , 1469-1501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10593-012-0939-9

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Isabel P. Kerschgens, Elise Claveau, Martin J. Wanner, Steen Ingemann, Jan H. van Maarseveen, Henk Hiemstra. Total syntheses of mitragynine, paynantheine and speciogynine via an enantioselective thiourea-catalysed Pictet–Spengler reaction. Chemical Communications 2012 , 48 (100) , 12243. 48 (100) , 12243. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cc37023a

Jimin Kim, John S. Schneekloth, Erik J. Sorensen. A chemical synthesis of 11-methoxy mitragynine pseudoindoxyl featuring the interrupted Ugi reaction. Chemical Science 2012 , 3 (9) , 2849. 3 (9) , 2849. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sc20669b

Martin J. Wanner, Elise Claveau, Jan H. van Maarseveen, Henk Hiemstra. Enantioselective Syntheses of Corynanthe Alkaloids by Chiral Brønsted Acid and Palladium Catalysis. Chemistry - A European Journal 2011 , 17 (49) , 13680-13683. 17 (49) , 13680-13683. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201103150

Jeanine Ward, Christopher Rosenbaum, Christina Hernon, Christopher R. McCurdy, Edward W. Boyer. Herbal Medicines for the Management of Opioid Addiction. CNS Drugs 2011 , 25 (12) , 999-1007. 25 (12) , 999-1007. https://doi.org/10.2165/11596830-000000000-00000

Matthew J. Palframan, Andrew F. Parsons, Paul Johnson. Concise syntheses of (±)-protoemetinol and related alkaloids using radical cyclisation. Tetrahedron Letters 2011 , 52 (11) , 1154-1156. 52 (11) , 1154-1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.007

Patricia Faure, Elodie Dubus, Ismail Ijjaali, Christelle Morlière, Olivier Barberan, François Petitet. Knowledge-based analysis of multi-potent G-protein coupled receptors ligands. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2010 , 45 (12) , 5708-5717. 45 (12) , 5708-5717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.027

Sarah Van der Jeught, Nils De Vos, Kurt Masschelein, Ion Ghiviriga, Christian V. Stevens. Kharasch-Type Cyclizations of 2-Substituted Indole Derivatives Surprisingly Lead to Spiroindoles. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2010 , 2010 (28) , 5444-5453. 2010 (28) , 5444-5453. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201000757

Haining Liu, Christopher R. McCurdy, Robert J. Doerksen. Computational study on the conformations of mitragynine and mitragynaline. Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM 2010 , 945 (1-3) , 57-63. 945 (1-3) , 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theochem.2010.01.011

Katherine M. Prevatt-Smith, Thomas E. Prisinzano. New therapeutic potential for psychoactive natural products. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2010 , 27 (1) , 23-31. 27 (1) , 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1039/B912196J

Nobuaki Takahashi, Takeshi Ito, Yohei Matsuda, Noriyuki Kogure, Mariko Kitajima, Hiromitsu Takayama. Determination of absolute configuration of trimeric indole alkaloid, psychotrimine, by first asymmetric total synthesis. Chemical Communications 2010 , 46 (14) , 2501. 46 (14) , 2501. https://doi.org/10.1039/b923918a

Myles W. Smith, Roger Hunter, Devendren J. Patten, Wolfgang Hinz. A new approach to indolo[2,3-a]quinolizidines through radical cyclization of 2-acyl-1-phenylthiotetrahydro-β-carbolines bearing pendent α,β-unsaturated esters. Tetrahedron Letters 2009 , 50 (46) , 6342-6346. 50 (46) , 6342-6346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.08.100

Shijun Lu, Buu N. Tran, Jamie L. Nelsen, Kenneth M. Aldous. Quantitative analysis of mitragynine in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B 2009 , 877 (24) , 2499-2505. 877 (24) , 2499-2505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.06.024

Kimberly M Lovell, Denise S Simpson, Christopher W Cunningham, Thomas E Prisinzano. Utilizing nature as a source of new probes for opioid pharmacology. Future Medicinal Chemistry 2009 , 1 (2) , 285-301. 1 (2) , 285-301. https://doi.org/10.4155/fmc.09.22

Christopher J. Whipp, Felix Gonzalez-Lopez de Turiso. Synthesis of spirocyclopentene-indolines by intramolecular alkylidine insertion reactions. Tetrahedron Letters 2008 , 49 (38) , 5508-5510. 49 (38) , 5508-5510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.043

Kenjiro Matsumoto, Hiromitsu Takayama, Minoru Narita, Atsushi Nakamura, Masami Suzuki, Tsutomu Suzuki, Toshihiko Murayama, Sumphan Wongseripipatana, Kaori Misawa, Mariko Kitajima, Kimihito Tashima, Syunji Horie. MGM-9 [(E)-methyl 2-(3-ethyl-7a,12a-(epoxyethanoxy)-9-fluoro-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydro-8-methoxyindolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-2-yl)-3-methoxyacrylate], a derivative of the indole alkaloid mitragynine: A novel dual-acting μ- and κ-opioid agonist with potent antinociceptive and weak rewarding effects in mice. Neuropharmacology 2008 , 55 (2) , 154-165. 55 (2) , 154-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.05.003

Edward W. Boyer, Kavita M. Babu, Jessica E. Adkins, Christopher R. McCurdy, John H. Halpern. Self-treatment of opioid withdrawal using kratom ( Mitragynia speciosa korth ). Addiction 2008 , 103 (6) , 1048-1050. 103 (6) , 1048-1050. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02209.x

Mariko Kitajima, Terumi Nakayama, Noriyuki Kogure, Sumphan Wongseripipatana, Hiromitsu Takayama. New heteroyohimbine-type oxindole alkaloid from the leaves of Thai Mitragyna hirsuta. Journal of Natural Medicines 2007 , 61 (2) , 192-195. 61 (2) , 192-195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-006-0114-7

Hiromitsu Takayama, Naoki Okada, Kaori Misawa, Mariko Kitajima. Preparation of Ethylene Glycol Adducts at 2,3-Positions of Indoles with Hypervalent Iodine. HETEROCYCLES 2007 , 74 (1) , 461. 74 (1) , 461. https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-07-S(W)25

Kenjiro Matsumoto, Yoshio Hatori, Toshihiko Murayama, Kimihito Tashima, Sumphan Wongseripipatana, Kaori Misawa, Mariko Kitajima, Hiromitsu Takayama, Syunji Horie. Involvement of μ-opioid receptors in antinociception and inhibition of gastrointestinal transit induced by 7-hydroxymitragynine, isolated from Thai herbal medicine Mitragyna speciosa. European Journal of Pharmacology 2006 , 549 (1-3) , 63-70. 549 (1-3) , 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.08.013

Kenjiro Matsumoto, Hiromitsu Takayama, Hayato Ishikawa, Norio Aimi, Dhavadee Ponglux, Kazuo Watanabe, Syunji Horie. Partial agonistic effect of 9-hydroxycorynantheidine on μ-opioid receptor in the guinea-pig ileum. Life Sciences 2006 , 78 (19) , 2265-2271. 78 (19) , 2265-2271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.09.030

Mariko Kitajima, Kaori Misawa, Noriyuki Kogure, Ikram M. Said, Syunji Horie, Yoshio Hatori, Toshihiko Murayama, Hiromitsu Takayama. A new indole alkaloid, 7-hydroxyspeciociliatine, from the fruits of Malaysian Mitragyna speciosa and its opioid agonistic activity. Journal of Natural Medicines 2006 , 60 (1) , 28-35. 60 (1) , 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-005-0001-7

Yoshiharu Iwabuchi, Kunio Ogasawara, Ayako Tosaka, Shinichiro Ito, Norio Miyazawa, Masatoshi Shibuya. Total Synthesis of (-)-Dihydrocorynantheol Using Bicyclo[3.2.1]octenone Chiral Building Block. HETEROCYCLES 2006 , 70 (1) , 153. 70 (1) , 153. https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-06-S(W)49

Kenjiro Matsumoto, Syunji Horie, Hiromitsu Takayama, Hayato Ishikawa, Norio Aimi, Dhavadee Ponglux, Toshihiko Murayama, Kazuo Watanabe. Antinociception, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms induced by 7-hydroxymitragynine, an alkaloid from the Thai medicinal herb Mitragyna speciosa. Life Sciences 2005 , 78 (1) , 2-7. 78 (1) , 2-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.086

Kenjiro Matsumoto, Leonardo T. Yamamoto, Kazuo Watanabe, Shingo Yano, Jie Shan, Peter K.T. Pang, Dhavadee Ponglux, Hiromitsu Takayama, Syunji Horie. Inhibitory effect of mitragynine, an analgesic alkaloid from Thai herbal medicine, on neurogenic contraction of the vas deferens. Life Sciences 2005 , 78 (2) , 187-194. 78 (2) , 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.04.042

Krishna C. Majumdar, Pradipta K. Basu, Partha P. Mukhopadhyay. Formation of five- and six-membered heterocyclic rings under radical cyclisation conditions. Tetrahedron 2005 , 61 (45) , 10603-10642. 61 (45) , 10603-10642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.079

Francisco A. Oliveira, Charllynton L.S. Costa, Mariana H. Chaves, Fernanda R.C. Almeida, Ítalo J.M. Cavalcante, Alana F. Lima, Roberto C.P. Lima, Regilane M. Silva, Adriana Rolim Campos, Flavia A. Santos, Vietla S.N. Rao. Attenuation of capsaicin-induced acute and visceral nociceptive pain by α- and β-amyrin, a triterpene mixture isolated from Protium heptaphyllum resin in mice. Life Sciences 2005 , 77 (23) , 2942-2952. 77 (23) , 2942-2952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.05.031

Afua S. Kyei, Kirill Tchabanenko, Jack E. Baldwin, Robert M. Adlington. Radical dearomatising spirocyclisations onto the C-2 position of benzofuran and indole. Tetrahedron Letters 2004 , 45 (48) , 8931-8934. 45 (48) , 8931-8934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.09.148

Kenjiro Matsumoto, Syunji Horie, Hayato Ishikawa, Hiromitsu Takayama, Norio Aimi, Dhavadee Ponglux, Kazuo Watanabe. Antinociceptive effect of 7-hydroxymitragynine in mice: Discovery of an orally active opioid analgesic from the Thai medicinal herb Mitragyna speciosa. Life Sciences 2004 , 74 (17) , 2143-2155. 74 (17) , 2143-2155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.054

Hiromitsu Takayama, Yohei Matsuda, Kyohei Masubuchi, Atsushi Ishida, Mariko Kitajima, Norio Aimi. Isolation, structure elucidation, and total synthesis of two new Chimonanthus alkaloids, chimonamidine and chimonanthidine. Tetrahedron 2004 , 60 (4) , 893-900. 60 (4) , 893-900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2003.11.034

Hiromitsu Takayama, Hayato Ishikawa, Mariko Kitajima, Norio Aimi, Baba Muhammad Aji. . CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 2004 ,,, 359. ,, 359. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.52.359

Hiromitsu Takayama. . CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 2004 ,,, 916. ,, 916. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.52.916

Hiromitsu Takayama, Hayato Ishikawa, Mariko Kitajima. m-Chloroperbenzoic Acid Oxidation of Corynanthe-Type Indole Alkaloid, Mitragynine, Afforded Unusual Dimerization Products. HETEROCYCLES 2004 , 63 (11) , 2597. 63 (11) , 2597. https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-04-10186

Hayato Ishikawa, Hiromitsu Takayama, Norio Aimi. Dimerization of indole derivatives with hypervalent iodines(III): a new entry for the concise total synthesis of rac- and meso-chimonanthines. Tetrahedron Letters 2002 , 43 (32) , 5637-5639. 43 (32) , 5637-5639. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(02)01137-1