On Wednesday, The Wall Street Journal published an opinion piece in which Mr. Moore called the Fed the “last major obstacle” to a sustained economic boom.

“The deflation began with quarter-point interest-rate increases in September and December,” Mr. Moore and a co-author wrote. “These hikes caused a severe dollar shortage, a fall in commodity prices and a rapid slowing of growth — accompanied by wild swings in the stock market.”

In an interview that the Fox Business Network aired Friday morning, Mr. Trump appeared to echo much of Mr. Moore’s thinking, saying economic growth would have been higher last year if not for the Fed’s rate increases and its effort to slim down its holdings of government-backed securities, which some call “quantitative tightening.”

Mr. Trump has repeatedly criticized the choices being made by Mr. Powell. “Frankly, if we didn’t have somebody that would raise interest rates and do quantitative tightening, we would have been at over 4 instead of a 3.1” percent growth, the president said.

Asked if he had influenced Fed policy with his criticism, Mr. Trump said: “I don’t know. I mean, look, I hope I didn’t influence, frankly, but it doesn’t matter. I don’t care if I influenced or not.

“One thing, I was right,” he continued. “But we would have been over 4 if they didn’t do all of the interest rate hikes. And they tightened, I mean, they did $50 billion a month. I said, ‘What are we doing here?’ And so I’m not — 3.1 may be the best in 14 years; I’m not happy with it. We should have had much higher.”

The Fed had been on a steady campaign to raise rates and ushered in five consecutive quarters of increases in 2017 and 2018. The Fed has since paused and adopted a more “patient” approach amid signs of economic weakness both in the United States and abroad. On Wednesday, it signaled that it foresaw no interest rate increases in 2019, a departure from December, when it forecast two rate increases this year.