The two great ends of Gandhi’s life, to which even the freedom of India was a subordinate one, were to inculcate in the masses the spirit of non-violence and to bring about unity between the Hindus and Muslims by a change of heart. He failed miserably in both and realized it…at the fag end of his life. The cult of non-violence never took root in…the people. Even during the lifetime of Gandhi it was definitely abandoned by new leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan…it has not played any role in Indian politics ever since even under the stewardship of the devoted followers of Gandhi. As regards communal relations Gandhi began his political career by forging the closest bond of amity…between the Hindus and the Muslims such as had never been witnessed before. But it suffered a complete metamorphosis within a few years, and before Gandhi passed away he had the mortification to witness bitter hatred…between the two communities…unprecedented in the annals of Indian history after the end of Muslim rule. The failure of his life’s task was emphasized by a series of…the most horrible deeds of cruelty…