BAGHDAD—When Iraq’s prime minister holds a meeting on Monday to discuss the monumental task of rebuilding the recently liberated city of Ramadi, officials will encounter a grim pattern: Each time Islamic State is uprooted, the battles and the group’s tactics leave behind a legacy of destruction that will linger for years.

Government officials estimate that about 80% of Ramadi, the capital of Anbar province, was destroyed. Anbar officials estimate the price tag for reconstruction will be $10 billion.

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