When Magistrate Belinda Wallington asked Cardinal George Pell how he pleaded, he stood and said in a firm voice, “Not guilty.”

Australian Cardinal George Pell, the most senior Vatican official to be charged in the Catholic Church sex abuse crisis, must stand trial on charges that he sexually abused multiple victims decades ago, a magistrate ruled on Tuesday.

Magistrate Belinda Wallington dismissed some of the charges that had been heard in the four-week preliminary hearing in Melbourne but decided the prosecution’s case against was strong enough to warrant a trial by jury.

When she asked Cardinal Pell how he pleaded, he stood and said in a firm voice, “Not guilty.”

Lawyers for Australia’s highest-ranking Catholic had argued the accusations were untrue and should be dismissed.

Cardinal Pell, Pope Francis’ former finance minister, was charged last June with sexually abusing multiple people in his Australian home state of Victoria. The details of the allegations against the 76-year-old have yet to be released to the public, though police have described the charges as “historical” sexual assault offences meaning the crimes allegedly occurred decades ago.

But prosecutor Mark Gibson told the magistrate there was no evidence to back defending lawyer Robert Richter’s theory that Cardinal Pell had been targeted over the church’s failings.

Since Cardinal Pell returned to Australia from the Vatican in July, he has lived in Sydney and flown to Melbourne for his court hearings. His circumstances are far removed from the years he spent as the high-profile and polarising archbishop of Melbourne and later Sydney before his promotion to Rome in 2014.

The case places both the Cardinal and the Pope in potentially perilous territory. For Cardinal Pell, the charges are a threat to his freedom, his reputation and his career. For Pope Francis, they are a threat to his credibility, given he famously promised a “zero tolerance” policy for sex abuse in the church.

Advocates for abuse victims have long railed against Pope Francis’ decision to appoint Cardinal Pell to the high-ranking position in the first place. At the time of his promotion, Cardinal Pell was already facing allegations that he had mishandled cases of clergy abuse during his time leading the church in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia’s largest cities.

So far, Pope Francis has withheld judgment of Cardinal Pell, saying he wants to wait for justice to run its course. And he did not force the Cardinal to resign, though Cardinal Pell took an immediate leave of absence so he could return to Australia to fight the charges. Cardinal Pell said he intends to continue his work as a prefect of the church’s economy ministry once the case is resolved.

In recent years, Cardinal Pell’s actions as archbishop came under particular scrutiny by a government-authorised investigation into how the Catholic Church and other institutions have responded to the sexual abuse of children.

Australia’s Royal Commission Into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse the nation’s highest form of inquiry revealed last year that 7% of Catholic priests were accused of sexually abusing children in Australia over the past several decades.

In testimony to the commission in 2016, Cardinal Pell conceded that he had made mistakes by often believing priests over people who said they had been abused. And he vowed to help end a rash of suicides that has plagued abuse victims in his hometown of Ballarat.

Cardinal Pell testified to the inquiry in a video link from the Vatican about his time as a priest and bishop in Australia. He did not attend in person because of a heart condition and other medical problems.

Police said at the preliminary hearing that they had planned to arrest Cardinal Pell for questioning had he returned to Australia in early 2016 to testify.

The investigation of Cardinal Pell began in 2013 before any complainant had come forward to police, whom Richter accused of running “a get Cardinal Pell operation.”

Cardinal Pell’s lawyers told the court in February that the first complainant approached police in 2015, 40 years after the alleged crimes, in response to media reports about the royal commission.

Cardinal Pell was charged by summons in Rome and agreed to return to Australia to face the allegations.