Acts of anti-Semitism in America are on a severe upswing. According to a study released this week by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), which advocates for fair Jewish representation and tracks anti-Semitic hate speech, anti-Semitic incidents surged 57 percent in 2017, the largest single-year increase on record.

The ADL documented 1,986 reported instances of anti-Semitism in 2017, up from 1,267 in 2016. This included 1,015 instances of in-person or telephone harassment (including bomb threats), 952 instances of vandalism, and 19 physical assaults.

Last year was particularly noteworthy for public acts of anti-Semitism. It was, after all, the year neo-Nazis celebrated Donald Trump’s inauguration with “Heil Hitler” salutes. It was the year a group of white supremacists descended on Charlottesville, Virginia, torches in hand, chanting neo-Nazi slogans, including the booming “Jew will not replace us” and the no-less-loaded “blood and soil.” It was the year a Republican congressional candidate tweeted photos of himself reading an anti-Semitic book that blamed Jewish integration for all society’s problems.

The 2017 study follows a rising trend in acts of anti-Semitism. For example, during the 2016 election cycle, the ADL found that more than 800 journalists received a total of 19,000 anti-Semitic messages on Twitter. Popular alt-right blogs like The Right Stuff have gained a following in part because of their vocal anti-Semitism.

Jonathan A. Greenblatt, ADL CEO and national director, said in an emailed statement on Tuesday: