The dirty fossil fuel coal provides 40 percent of global electricity. At the UN climate conference in Bonn, Canada and the UK unveiled the Powering Past Coal Alliance, which is committed to moving from coal to clean energies by 2030. It is expected that the international community will grow to 50 members by the next climate summit in Poland in 2018.

Ending coal use would be a great step forward for the achievement of the climate goals set in the Paris climate accord. There is growing skepticism over coal as an energy source, especially as air pollution resulting from coal burning leads to 800,000 deaths a year.

Germany under pressure on coal

German Environment Minister Hendricks struck an apologetic tone on her country's inability to join the "Powering Beyond Coal" alliance

Germany, however, has not joined the burgeoning anti-coal alliance. "We were asked whether we want to participate. I have asked for understanding that we cannot decide this ahead of the next government," said Barbara Hendricks, Germany's outgoing environment minister. "The initiative, however, will keep us up to speed about what's happening," she added as to the Powering Past Coal Alliance.

In the meantime, Germany's coalition talks between would-be government partners stalled in part over carbon reduction targets for 2020. At the moment, Germany emits around 906 million tons of CO2 each year; a limit of 750 has been set for 2020. This amounts to a 17 percent reduction. Experts agree that among the easiest ways to achieve this is to cut back on coal-fired power.

Coal phase-out proposal

The German Environment Agency (UBA) has published a technical paper outlining how Germany can cheaply and effectively reduce coal-fired energy in order to meet its climate targets.

Coal power plants older than 20 years would only be allowed to produce restricted amounts of energy, while the oldest and least-efficient coal power plants will be shut down altogether. This applied to plants with a capacity of at least 5 gigawatts.

Climate savior or sinner - how green is Germany's energy production? Addicted to coal The future looks bright for Germany’s biggest surface coal mine. Even as the country introduces climate protection measures and switches to renewable energy sources, its dependence on coal-fueled power plants is unabated. Continued reliance on coal means Germany is unlikely to meet its 2020 emission goals. That's not good for the environment, but the view from the Hambach mine remains impressive.

Climate savior or sinner - how green is Germany's energy production? Stripping the earth The Hambach surface mine stretches seemingly endless into the horizon. Located west of Cologne, it is Germany’s largest surface mine at 4,300 hectares - and expanding. Despite efforts to use more renewable energy sources, Germany’s industry still relies on the cheap brown coal to supply 40% of its energy needs.

Climate savior or sinner - how green is Germany's energy production? Disappearing villages It won’t be long before the village of Manheim disappears. The nearby Hambach mine is expanding and will soon engulf the houses. Already many of the residents in the 1,000 year-old village have abandoned their homes. Since 1989 four similar villages have been razed to make room for the brown surface mine.

Climate savior or sinner - how green is Germany's energy production? No alternative By 2020 the diggers will have reached the village. Until then, workers will tear down the remaining houses and the residents will relocate. Kurt Rüttgers, one about 500 remaining residents and owner of the local pub, has watched the town fade and disappear: “Since my childhood I have known Manheim would disappear one day. It’s sad, but there seems to be no alternative to coal mining right now.”

Climate savior or sinner - how green is Germany's energy production? Investing in renewable energy Elsewhere in Germany, companies have made the switch to renewable energy sources. Soaring 109 meters above the surrounding fields, these wind turbines located about an hour from Berlin’s city center, provide emissions-free energy for the capital.

Climate savior or sinner - how green is Germany's energy production? Harvesting the wind Some 27,000 wind turbines have sprouted up across the country in the last decade. Although animal rights activists argue the giant propellers cause harm to birds and some people complain the towers are an eyesore in the landscape, the turbines are Germany’s biggest source of renewable energy. Until recently, the government heavily subsidized wind parks.

Climate savior or sinner - how green is Germany's energy production? Could housing save the climate? For some Germans saving the climate starts at home. Years ago artist Priska Wollein decided to build her atelier near Berlin as a passive energy house to reduce her carbon footprint. Built mostly out of wood, it’s heated by geothermal energy and the ventilation is specifically modified to keep warmth inside.

Climate savior or sinner - how green is Germany's energy production? The home of the future What if a house didn’t just reduce its energy consumption, but rather generates more of it? That’s one of the proposals the German housing industry has come up with in response to new building regulations on energy efficiency. Referred to as the energy plus house, the new model of home is designed to produce its own energy primarily through solar power.



According to calculations made by the UBA experts, both measures are the quickest and most cost-effective means of meeting Germany's carbon reduction targets for 2020.

At the same time, the UBA's paper emphasizes that the proposed measures will still guarantee supply reliability in Germany. However, wind and solar power would have to be developed much faster than previously planned: Expansion would have to double, at the least.

Coal phase-out to save money

According to the UBA, a coal phase-out in Germany could also save considerable money. If well over half of coal-fired power were to be reduced by 2030, environmental costs of more than 23 billion euros in 2030 alone would be saved when compared to now, the paper says.

If health and material damages were taken into account into the cost of coal electricity, this would increase the price per kilowatt hour by 16 to 19 cents, says the UBA.

Compared with wind and solar, including these "external factors" would only increase that cost by 2 cents.

With external costs factored in, electricity from new wind and solar power plants is at least three times cheaper than that from coal-fired power plants, the paper concludes.

Germans largely favor a phase-out

According to a recent survey conducted by the opinion research institute Emnid, approval for a coal phase-out in Germany is growing. The study shows that 76 percent of those surveyed want to phase out coal in Germany in order to achieve the national climate targets.

Particularly interesting about the survey is that Germans have similar opinions, regardless of political leanings. Green voters have shown the most support for a gradual coal phase-out (99 percent), followed by Social Democrat (SPD) supporters (81 percent), and conservative Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union (CDU/CSU) with 75 percent.

Even among right-populist Alternative for Germany (AfD) voters, 70 percent also agree with phasing out coal.

That survey was commissioned by left-leaning international citizen's movement Avaaz.

Germany's leading tabloid, Bild, also hired Emnid conduct a similar survey at the beginning of November. At that time, 69 percent of those surveyed prioritized environmental and climate protection over economic interests.