Artificial Intelligence in the Age of Neural Networks and Brain Computing || Evolving and Spiking Connectionist Systems for Brain-Inspired Artificial Intelligence













By Kasabov, Nikola Neural networks are one of the most popular and powerful classes of machine learning algorithms. In quantitative finance neural networks are often used for time-series forecasting, constructing proprietary indicators, algorithmic trading, securities classification and credit risk modeling. They have also been used to construct stochastic process models and price derivatives. Despite their usefulness neural networks tend to have a bad reputation because their performance is “temperamental”. In my opinion this can be attributed to poor network design owing to misconceptions regarding how neural networks work. This article discusses some of those misconceptions. Source By Kasabov, Nikola





Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an interdisciplinary science area that develops and

implements methods and systems that manifest cognitive behavior. Main features

of AI are: learning,adaptation, generalization, inductive and deductive reasoning,

human like communication in a natural language, etc. [1e8]. Some more features

that are currently being developed include consciousness, self-assembly, selfreproduction, and social networks. Human cognitive behavior is based on knowledge

that is evolving with time, always changing, improving, to ensure that we survive and

do better. And evolving is expected to be its representation in AI.

AI has a long history of development and one cannot understand it or further

develop it, if they do not understand and embrace the rich set of methods AI developed

over a long time. Many of these methods are used in the current AI development and

will be used in the future to come, in different ways of course.

In the beginning, there was a school of learning that assumed that understanding

of nature and its knowledge representation and articulation would not change with

time. Aristotle was perhaps the most pronounced philosopher and encyclopedist

of this school...

...

Aristotle introduced epistemology, which is based on the study of particular

phenomena which leads to the articulation of knowledge (rules, formulas) across

sciences: botany, zoology, physics, astronomy, chemistry, meteorology, psychology, etc. . According to Aristotle, this knowledge was not supposed to

change. In places, Aristotle went too far in deriving “general laws of the universe”

from simple observations and overstretched the reasons and conclusions. Because t

he was perhaps the philosopher most respected by European thinkers during and

after the Renaissance, these thinkers, along with institutions, often took Aristotle’s

erroneous positions, such as inferior roles of women, which held back science and

social progress for a long time...





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