The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) last month issued a notice that it is storing social media information on immigrants, including lawful permanent residents and naturalized US citizens, apparently indefinitely, in a government database that contains “Alien Files” (A-Files). This is an invasive new feature of DHS’s previously known programs on collecting social media information. DHS’s collection and storage of this sensitive information will chill and deter the free speech and association of immigrants to the United States, as well as the US persons who communicate with them.

History of DHS Social Media Surveillance

DHS has a long history of collecting and scrutinizing social media information:

New Details Emerge About Social Media Surveillance of Immigrants

The new DHS notice illuminates several critical things that the public previously did not know about DHS’s programs of social media surveillance of immigrants: 1) what data is being collected, 2) where this data is being stored, 3) how long this data is being retained, 4) what this data is being used for, and 5) who this data is shared with.

Specifically, the notice tells us:

1. WHAT: DHS collects “social media handles, aliases, associated identifiable information, and search results.” 2. WHERE: DHS stores this social media information in each immigrant’s “Alien File,” or “A-File” for short. This is a government record keeping system that tracks individuals as they move through the U.S immigration process, which may culminate in lawful permanent residency (a green card) or naturalized citizenship. 3. HOW LONG: It appears that DHS indefinitely stores social media information (and other data) in the A-File. The DHS notice states that the A-File is transferred to the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) 100 years after the individual’s date of birth. 4. USE: DHS officials across this vast department can use the social media information (and other data) in the A-File for a myriad of purposes — 41 are listed in the notice — including for intelligence gathering and counter-terrorism. 5. SHARING: DHS can share social media information (and other data) in the A-File with a myriad of entities and individuals outside DHS, including other US government agencies, state and local authorities, foreign governments, and private parties.

In short, the new DHS notice presents many disturbing facts about what DHS does with immigrants’ social media information after DHS collects it.

Questions Remain

Many questions remain about the collection and use of immigrants’ social media information. For example, can social media information contained in someone’s A-File, collected while they were still an immigrant, be used or shared after they have become a naturalized citizen? And what are the social media “search results” that go into the A-File?

Additionally, the question has been repeatedly raised in recent days about whether DHS collects social media information about someone after they have become a naturalized citizen. EFF is not aware of such a DHS program. However, given the ongoing concern about the issue, DHS should directly address it.

Finally, the DHS Inspector General has called out the department for failing to have a means of evaluating whether all this social media monitoring is actually effective, particularly in screening out would-be terrorists.

Social Media Surveillance Chills First Amendment Rights

The new DHS notice underscores DHS’s invasive social media surveillance of immigrants. But law-abiding immigrants should not have to worry that the government is monitoring their social media profiles.

Individuals’ First Amendment rights to free speech and association — particularly for naturalized citizens and lawful permanent residents — are chilled by the government collecting information about them. This includes chronicling their beliefs and opinions; mapping their social networks; tracking their movements — and permanently storing this information in a government database, and using it against them when making decisions about their immigration status, or for a myriad of other purposes.

Immigrants today are just like their predecessors of centuries past, who come to America seeking freedom and a better life, and who aspire to fulfill the duties of citizenship. Our government should not single them out for invasive social media surveillance.

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