Summary: A new study reports there may be hope that epigenetic diseases could, some day, be cured.

Source: University of Connecticut.

Stem cell researchers at UConn Health have reversed Prader-Willi syndrome in brain cells growing in the lab, findings they recently published in the Human Molecular Genetics.

The discovery provides clues that could lead to a treatment for Prader-Willi, a genetic disorder that occurs in about one out of every 15,000 births, and is the most common genetic cause of life-threatening childhood obesity.

Unlike many genetic syndromes that are caused by a mutation in a gene, people with Prader Willi often have the right gene available–it’s simply that it’s been silenced.

The gene is silenced because it is on the part of their chromosome they inherited from their mother, and for mysterious reasons our cells use the father’s copy of this gene. But if the father’s copy is missing, the cells can’t express that gene at all.

UConn Health’s Maeva Langouet, a post-doctoral fellow; Marc Lalande, professor of Genetics and Genome Sciences; and their colleagues wondered if it was possible to reverse the silencing of the mother’s copy.

The researchers noticed that a certain protein, called ZNF274, was involved in the process. It silences many other genes as well, but in those cases it usually acts with another protein. On the Prader-Willi region of our DNA, the protein seems to act alone, they said.

So Langouet and Lalande took stem cells donated by Prader-Willi patients, and carefully deleted ZNF274. They then encouraged the stem cells to grow into neurons, a type of brain cell. And the cells seemed normal. They grew and developed, as expected.

Critically, the new cells also expressed the maternal copy of the Prader-Willi region.

“We still need to figure out if knocking out ZNF274 is doing anything else,” that might be undesirable, says Langouet.

And many other questions still need to be answered: Does this work in directly in human brain cells? Will it only work in embryos, or can it help the brain develop normally even after birth?

Currently, there is no cure for Prader-Willi syndrome, and most research has been targeted towards treating specific symptoms. For many individuals affected by the disorder, the elimination of some of the most difficult aspects of the syndrome, such as the insatiable appetite and obesity, would represent a significant improvement in quality of life and the ability to live independently.

But in the future, this new line of research may offer a therapeutic approach for kids with Prader-Willi, Langouet says.

About this neuroscience research article

Funding: The research was funded by the Foundation for Prader-Willi Research, the Cascade Fellowship and the CT Regenerative Medicine Fund.

Source: Kim Krieger – University of Connecticut

Publisher: Organized by NeuroscienceNews.com.

Image Source: NeuroscienceNews.com image is is in the public domain.

Original Research: Abstract in Human Molecular Genetics.

doi:10.1093/hmg/ddx420

Cite This NeuroscienceNews.com Article

[cbtabs][cbtab title=”MLA”]University of Connecticut “Letting Silenced Genes Speak.” NeuroscienceNews. NeuroscienceNews, 25 January 2018.

<https://neurosciencenews.com/reversal-genetic-imprinting-8371/>.[/cbtab][cbtab title=”APA”]University of Connecticut (2018, January 25). Letting Silenced Genes Speak. NeuroscienceNews. Retrieved January 25, 2018 from https://neurosciencenews.com/reversal-genetic-imprinting-8371/[/cbtab][cbtab title=”Chicago”]University of Connecticut “Letting Silenced Genes Speak.” https://neurosciencenews.com/reversal-genetic-imprinting-8371/ (accessed January 25, 2018).[/cbtab][/cbtabs]

Abstract

Zinc finger protein 274 regulates imprinted expression of transcripts in Prader-Willi syndrome neurons

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by neonatal hypotonia, developmental delay and hyperphagia/obesity and is caused by the absence of paternal contribution to chromosome 15q11-q13. Using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models of PWS, we previously discovered an epigenetic complex that is comprised of the zinc-finger protein ZNF274 and the SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase and that silences the maternal alleles at the PWS locus. Here, we have knocked out ZNF274 and rescued the expression of silent maternal alleles in neurons derived from PWS iPSC lines, without affecting DNA methylation at the PWS-Imprinting Center (PWS-IC). This suggests that the ZNF274 complex is a separate imprinting mark that represses maternal PWS gene expression in neurons and is a potential target for future therapeutic applications to rescue the PWS phenotype.

Feel free to share this Neuroscience News.