Posted by Tomas on 2015-11-13

Hello hello,

I hope that the powerful constelation of Friday the 13th has brought you good luck or at least good humour. We have seen quite sharp decline in some Factorio related statistics in the past days so it seems that the AAA titles invasion starts to be felt ... many of you playing Fallout4?

0.13 in focus

The 0.12.17 candidate is out and it is looking "stablish" so far. Hence the 0.13 development is slowly taking up speed with multiple people starting on their tasks picked from the list shared in the previous FFF.

Kovarex is working on the better rail building which is looking really cool and some of the screenshots he made feel like mathematical art. Don't miss the next FFF for more details! Robert is working on the long wanted power switch and Ondra is going to start the optimizations in the AI and path finding.

I have been working on the Multiplayer Matching server and its integration in the game for some time. Originally this was supposed to be the main topic of the blog post with a paragraph in the end about the Map generation optimization, which is Cube's stuff. However his contribution to the Friday Facts ended up being much longer than one paragraph (and interesting though very technical), so it has became the main theme=)) The details on the Matching Server will follow later when it is more developed anyway=)

Optimizing the noise

Contributed by Cube. Warning: technical stuff ahead (I understand hardly half of it =)).

Until now, we have used a slightly modified version of Ken Perlin's Improved Noise as a base smooth noise function for generating terrain. While this algorithm worked well for us, it is originally intended to provide a procedural texture for 3D graphics, not for generating large 2D surfaces, so for 0.13.0 we will replace it by a custom noise algorithm.

The main idea behind optimizing the generator is to not generate values for every tile separately, but to group all calculations required for the whole chunk and reuse the intermediate steps between individual tiles.

But since we'll be already rewriting the whole code anyway (and since Cube never misses an opportunity to geek out over coherent noise functions), we'll also be replacing Perlin noise by something else -- a mix of Perlin noise and the newer simplex noise. Our noise will have the simple square grid from Perlin noise, the gradient sumation ideafrom simplex noise and a very cool hash function from [1].

The picture in todays FFF (split in two because it was too wide) shows some data from testing of the various hash functions using a python prototype. These are used in the noise generator to combine the coordinates of each point and select a pseudo random gradient.

First row shows the raw hash, second row a single octave of the noise generated from this hash and in the third row we have the Fourier transform of the second row. So what is used in the game itself? The second row represents a single octave or a layer. In the game we use multiple layers that are combined to produce final noise. From this perspective the better noise looks as a good candidate to use (good looking results in little time).

md5 is the well known cryptographic hash function. As good result as it gets (for our purposes), but very slow. It's not a real candidate for terrain generation, but included for comparison.

is the well known cryptographic hash function. As good result as it gets (for our purposes), but slow. It's not a real candidate for terrain generation, but included for comparison. perlin : the original hash function for Perlin noise.

: the original hash function for Perlin noise. better : hash function from [1].

: hash function from [1]. fnv1a

djb2

blackmoons : A hash function from a value noise strong by BlackMoons

: A hash function from a value noise strong by BlackMoons murmur : based on MurmurHash with some modifications because of our fixed input size.

: based on MurmurHash with some modifications because of our fixed input size. cube: Cube's "I don't know what I'm doing exactly, but it seems to work" hash.

Some more explanations on functions used:

The times with each of the hash functions show how long it took to generate 8k x 8x large matrix of the raw noise, but because the implementation is in python and heavily depends on numpy, these don't say much about the final runtimes of C++ implementation.

The visual effects

Our gfx department (namely Vaclav) has been working on some visual effects recently. These would be fire and electricity for now (and some more beams / particles / explosions coming later). Below is a preview of the powers witch with electricity running through it. It will look a bit better in the game due to a different blending mode used.

Not completely lost in the Noise and map generation stuff? Share your thoughts on the forums.