Franklyn Baker, president of the United Way of Central Maryland, said the study puts a spotlight on the challenges for families that have incomes above the federal poverty line but not enough money to afford the things they need. The ALICE report — which stands for a population that is Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed — is replicated by the organization in 18 states, drawing on 2016 data. Basic needs, as defined by United Way, include housing, child care, food, transportation, health care and a smartphone for each adult in the family.