The US Justice Department has reinstated a two-decades-long dormant policy allowing the Federal Government's use of capital punishment and immediately scheduled the executions for five death row federal inmates.

Key points: The US Federal Government has not executed someone since 2003

The US Federal Government has not executed someone since 2003 Protracted litigation over the types of drugs used have stymied the practice

Protracted litigation over the types of drugs used have stymied the practice The decision might breach of a constitutional ban on cruel and unusual punishment

"Congress has expressly authorised the death penalty through legislation adopted by the people's representatives in both houses of Congress and signed by the President," Attorney-General William Barr said in a statement.

"The Justice Department upholds the rule of law — and we owe it to the victims and their families to carry forward the sentence imposed by our justice system."

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The last US federal execution took place in 2003.

Since then, protracted litigation over the drugs historically used in lethal injection executions prevented the Government from continuing the practice, according to Justice Department officials.

US President Donald Trump has called for increasing the use of the death penalty for drug traffickers and mass shooters, a request the department has since laid the groundwork to carry out.

Donald Trump took out an advertisement advocating for the death penalty in a case known as 'The Central Park Five' in 1989. ( Supplied )

Early on in his administration, former attorney-general Jeff Sessions ordered the Federal Bureau of Prisons to examine what steps might be required to resume the use of the death penalty, a Justice Department official said.

In March 2018, Mr Sessions also called on federal prosecutors to seek the death penalty when bringing cases against drug dealers and traffickers as part of a strategy to help combat the opioid crisis.

Most recently in May, the department's Office of Legal Counsel took steps to make it easier for states to carry out executions by declaring that the Food and Drug Administration lacked the power to regulate lethal injection drugs.

'It's time we evolve and put this behind us'

People were executed via the electric chair prior to 1994. ( Supplied: Jerry Givens )

The Senate Judiciary Committee's Ranking Democrat Dianne Feinstein said the announcement was wrong.

"The Federal Government should be leading the effort to end this brutal and often cruel punishment, not advocating for its return," she said.

"It's time we evolve and put this terrible practice behind us."

America's public support for the death penalty has declined since the 1990s, according to opinion polls, while the United Kingdom and all European Union members have abolished the practice.

United Nations secretary-general Antonio Guterres believes the practice should not happen anywhere, spokesman Farhan Haq said.

"All the countries that continue to impose the death penalty on the population are flying in the face of what the UN believes is the principled position to end this sort of penalty once and for all," Mr Haq said.

There are also deep divisions on the US Supreme Court over the death penalty and how it is implemented.

Some progressive justices have said that capital punishment as currently employed in the US may run afoul of the constitution's Eighth Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment.

They have also raised questions over lethal injection.

But the conservative-majority court, with two justices appointed by Mr Trump, has given little indication of being willing to rule the death penalty unconstitutional.

The US is an anomaly within the Western world for carrying out executions. ( ABC Fact Check )

62 on death row, five to be executed from December

There are currently 62 federal inmates on death row, including Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, who planted a deadly bomb at the Boston Marathon in 2013.

The Justice Department said it has scheduled executions for five federal inmates who have been convicted of horrific murders and sex crimes, with more planned in the future.

All five will be executed by lethal injection using a single drug: pentobarbital.

Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, who planted a bomb at the Boston Marathon, is on death row. ( www.fbi.gov )

Since 2010, 14 states have switched to using pentobarbital to carry out more than 200 executions, after they were unable to obtain the chemicals needed to execute people using a drug cocktail.

Those inmates include Daniel Lewis Lee, a white supremacist who was convicted in Arkansas for murdering a family of three, including an eight-year-old girl.

Another is Lezmond Mitchell, who was found guilty by a jury in Arizona of stabbing a 63-year-old grandmother and forcing her young granddaughter to sit next to her lifeless body on a car journey before slitting the girl's throat.

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The other three inmates who will be executed are Wesley Ira Purkey, who raped and murdered a teenaged girl; Alfred Bourgeois, who sexually molested and killed his young daughter; and Dustin Lee Honken, who shot and killed five people.

Lee will be the first one to be executed, with the date set for December 9, 2019.

"Each of these inmates has exhausted their appellate and post-conviction remedies," the department said.

It added that all five executions will take place at the US Penitentiary, Terre Haute, Indiana.

Reuters