This post and investigation by Guy Shrubsole; map by Anna Powell-Smith.

Image: Rotational burning on the Enville Estate, epicentre of the Saddleworth Moor fire.

This Sunday is the ‘Glorious Twelfth’, the start of the grouse shooting season. But who are the landowners who own England’s vast grouse moors?

As Who Owns England has previously exposed, grouse moor estates cover an area of England the size of Greater London – some 550,000 acres – and are propped up by millions of pounds in public farm subsidies.

Now, for the first time, we’ve mapped the owners of around 100 grouse moor estates across England.

Even the Spectator calls owning a grouse moor “screamingly elitist” – and surprise, surprise, around half of England’s grouse moor estates turn out to be owned by the aristocracy and gentry, whilst the other half are owned by wealthy businessmen and women, City bankers, hedge fund managers, and Saudi princes.

Here’s the ten largest grouse moors by area, with their owners, and the farm subsidies their estates received from the taxpayer in 2016:

Grouse Moor Estate Acreage Farm subsidies (2016) Owner Raby Estate 30,000 £683,579 Lord Barnard Gunnerside Estate 26,020 £100,632 Robert Warren Miller, businessman. Estate registered offshore East Allenheads & Muggleswick 26,000 £145,288 Jeremy Herrmann, hedge fund manager Abbeystead Estate 23,000 £57,228 Duke of Westminster Wemmergill Estate 15,676 £272,664 Michael Cannon, businessman Lilburn Estate 14,678 £1,550,699 Duncan Davidson, founder of Persimmon Homes Bolton Abbey Estate 13,500 £139,708 Duke of Devonshire Bollihope Estate 12,600 None registered Sheikh of Dubai Linhope Estate 12,000 Not known Duke of Northumberland Strathmore English Estates 11,169 £279,609 Earl of Strathmore Totals 184,643 acres £3,229,407

You can read more about other grouse moor owners and the investigation methodology later in this blog post.

The destructive impact of grouse moors

The fact that a tiny elite owns England’s grouse moor estates matters, because of the disproportionately large environmental impact of managing grouse moors. Grouse moor gamekeepers are responsible for the illegal persecution of hen harriers (we should have 300 pairs in the English uplands – it fell to 4 pairs in 2017), and for wiping out huge numbers of foxes, stoats and other natural predators of grouse.

Moreover, the slash-and-burn practices used to maintain grouse moors – burning heather, often on rare blanket bog – have been shown to dry out and degrade peat soils. This releases soil carbon, adding to global warming, and reducing the resilience of our uplands to the impacts of climate change: desiccated bogs mean worse wildfires when it’s hot (like Saddleworth Moor) and more flooding when it rains (like the flash floods that washed off Walshaw Moor in winter 2015, deluging Hebden Bridge). It also makes grouse moors look like the surface of the moon, as I found on a visit to one in the Peak District:

Our map makes it easy to see the effect of slash-and-burn on a wider scale – you can adjust the transparency of the estates to reveal the patches of burned land beneath. For example, here is a grouse moor in County Durham:

Gove failing to take on the ‘vested interests’ of grouse moor owners

The UK Government is currently subject to legal action initiated by the European Commission, following complaints by the RSPB and Hebden Bridge campaigners for allowing grouse moor owners to degrade protected blanket bog.

Yet as Freedom of Information requests by Who Owns England has revealed, related in today’s Guardian, the Environment Secretary Michael Gove seems content to offer grouse moor owners an easy way out.

At a meeting earlier this year – attended by the Duke of Northumberland, hedge fund manager Jeremy Herrmann, businessman Michael Cannon and others – Gove tried to coax grouse moor owners into taking merely voluntary action, in order to “help the Government demonstrate its intent to the Commission to cease rotational burning on blanket bog”. Attendees were further reassured by Minister Therese Coffey that signing a voluntary commitment to stop rotational burning was “not a legally binding document”.

Previously, Michael Gove has warned that the debate over our post-Brexit landscape risks being “shaped by vested interests who have either the money, or the connections, or the power” to skew policy. There is no finer example of ‘vested interests’ in action than the wealthy, aristocratic owners of grouse moors – who own an area of England the size of Greater London for the pursuit of a sporting hobby – hobnobbing with Ministers who, despite facing infraction proceedings by the EC, are prepared to accept on trust landowners’ voluntary commitment to do better.

Read 1) the meeting minutes here. 2) Draft voluntary commitment here.

Investigating the owners of grouse moors: methodology

My investigation of the owners of grouse moors in England, which Anna has turned into our new map, was painstakingly pieced together from multiple data sources – including estate websites, media reports and the purchase of Land Registry land titles. I’d like to also thank Ruth Tingay for helping me identify various grouse moors. On the map, the major sources are recorded under the ‘Notes’ entry. You can also see the underlying Google spreadsheet here, which also includes some estates not included on the map, as I haven’t been able to track down the estate boundaries.

The estate boundaries are approximate, based on best available data sources – a combination of Environmental Stewardship map polygons and INSPIRE Index polygons (please see the map for full attribution and links to these data sources).

If you notice something you think is inaccurate, or if you can help me fill in the missing estates or have information you’d like to share, please get in touch!

Other noteworthy grouse moor owners

The Queen, via her Duchy of Lancaster, owns grouse moors in the Forest of Bowland (on her Whitewell Estate) and in the North York Moors.

owns grouse moors in the Forest of Bowland (on her Whitewell Estate) and in the North York Moors. A few grouse moors are owned by the water companies Yorkshire Water and United Utilities (who own lots of land in upland watersheds in northern England) – they lease them out to shooting syndicates.

(who own lots of land in upland watersheds in northern England) – they lease them out to shooting syndicates. Some grouse moors in the Peak District are owned by the National Trust , who continue to maintain them – in a variety of different ways – despite members’ concerns (see this blog by Mark Avery on the situation).

, who continue to maintain them – in a variety of different ways – despite members’ concerns (see this blog by Mark Avery on the situation). Some parts of the uplands are utterly dominated by grouse moors, like the North Pennines and the North York Moors; other upland areas have escaped the rash, like the Yorkshire Dales, and Cumbria (though the Lakes have their own issues with overgrazing by sheep). No grouse moors exist in England south of the Peak District (though there are other upland areas like Dartmoor, Exmoor and Bodmin Moor).

Take action

The government needs to stand up to the vested interests of the grouse shooting lobby and ban the burn on grouse moors. Come to that, it needs to outlaw driven grouse shooting entirely, as ornithologist Mark Avery and tens of thousands of other people have called for.

Here are some ways you can help take action immediately: