WASHINGTON—The House passed a resolution that would end U.S. military assistance for the Saudi-led war in Yemen, a move to admonish the Trump administration over its support for Saudi Arabia that is likely to provoke the second veto of President Trump’s tenure.

The resolution, which has already passed the Senate, would give Mr. Trump 30 days to end U.S. military aid for the war in Yemen, a yearslong conflict that has killed thousands of civilians and pushed millions to the brink of starvation. The U.S. has helped the Saudi-led...