The next-generation rover (which doesn't have an inspiring name yet), borrows a lot of its basic design from its older sibling, but with a completely new payload of instruments it will use to study the planet. One of the key directives is to determine whether future, human missions will be able to take advantage of Martian resources like water and oxygen. "These experiments," a statement from NASA explained, "will help engineers learn how to use Martian resources to produce oxygen for human respiration and potentially for use as an oxidizer for rocket fuel."

"Mars has resources needed to help sustain life, which can reduce the amount of supplies that human missions will need to carry," NASA's associate administrator for the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate William Gerstenmaier said. "Better understanding the Martian dust and weather will be valuable data for planning human Mars missions. Testing ways to extract these resources and understand the environment will help make the pioneering of Mars feasible."

The rover's rock collection subsystem has also been redesigned and now includes a coring drill and a rack of sample tubes that will be filled, sealed and left in strategic locations for future missions to collect and return to Earth. Finally, when the rover is preparing to land on the surface sometime in February 2021, an upgraded skycrane landing system will actually allow the lander to scan the surface for an ideal landing site and divert its course if necessary using a "range trigger." Once the rover is on the ground, it will be able to build a map of potential areas to study, using the photos and data it collected on its descent.