The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution reads, “Congress shall make no law … abridging the freedom of speech.” The word “speech” has long been understood to include more than verbalization. This amendment also protects the right to wear or display controversial symbols as part of the general principle that, as the Supreme Court said in 1957, “Every citizen shall have the right to engage in political expression and association." Further, although the First Amendment on its face bars only acts of Congress, it has been applied to the acts of state legislatures because the 14th Amendment, enacted in 1866, says that “no state shall” deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law. The freedom to wear a swastika is part of the liberty no state may infringe upon.