Japan's first lady, Akie Abe, once known mainly for embracing progressive causes that put her at odds with her conservative spouse, is now in the hot seat as doubts revive about a murky land sale to a nationalist school to which she had ties.

Opposition parties are demanding she testify in parliament about her ties to Moritomo Gakuen, the nationalist school operator whose deeply discounted purchase of state-owned land is at the heart of a suspected cronyism scandal and possible cover-up that has sliced Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's support ratings.

The finance ministry admitted on March 12 that it had altered documents about the deal, including removing references to Akie Abe.

Her husband has denied he or his wife intervened in the sale or that he ordered a cover-up.

Paradoxical views

Akie Abe, 55, has made waves since her husband returned to office in 2012 for a second term with activities that include taking part in an LGBT rights parade, opposing nuclear power, and visiting protesters against a planned US military facility on Okinawa - all positions that resonate with liberals.

She also runs a tiny organic restaurant and has spoken in favour of legalising cannabis for medical use.

Her views won her the nickname "domestic opposition".

Akie Abe has also, however, at times publicly aligned more closely with her husband's conservative views.

She has visited Tokyo's Yasukuni Shrine for war dead, seen by China and South Korea as a symbol of Japan's past militarism because it also honours World War II leaders convicted as war criminals by an Allied tribunal.

Abe visited Yasukuni once in December 2013 but has since stayed away.

Those who know Abe see nothing surprising in her holding seemingly paradoxical views. "She doesn't act based on theory or logic, but from the heart," said non-profit president Toyonaga.

No comment

Since the Moritomo scandal burst onto the political scene this month, she has not commented directly on the matter.

Akie Abe has been criticised for her seeming clueless about the situation in which she finds herself.

On the evening of March 9 - the day media reported police were investigating as a possible suicide the death of a finance official at the local bureau handling the land deal - Akie Abe attended a party hosted by a Japanese celebrity, according to a photo posted on the celebrity's Instagram account, local media reported. The photo does not now appear on that Instagram feed.

Also on March 9, she posted on Facebook photos of herself smiling at an International Women's Day art fair the previous day. Some comments posted in response called her "thoughtless" and a "murderer," while other expressed support.

Some critics have suggested she should lay low now.

"Many people are fascinated by Mrs Akie's free-style life that doesn't fit the mould of previous first ladies," reporter Makiko Takita, a woman, wrote in the conservative Sankei newspaper.

"But now the administration is in a tight spot and her inappropriate words and actions are ... pulling the rug out from under it," Takita added. "This is overstepping the bounds towards the prime minister's wife, but wouldn't it be a good idea to restrain your activities?"

The prime minister is opposed to her testifying, but 62 percent of respondents to a Nikkei business daily poll published on Monday said she should answer questions in parliament. The survey showed Abe's support sank to 42 percent while those opposed to his cabinet jumped to 49 percent.

Until the scandal broke last year, Akie Abe was set to become honorary principal of an elementary school that Moritomo Gakuen planned to open in western Japan on the discounted land.

She also visited a kindergarten run by Moritomo whose curriculum had echoes of prewar nationalist education centred on the emperor.