In a sign the U.S. government is moving beyond Switzerland in its pursuit of secret offshore accounts, the Justice Department and Internal Revenue Service announced the indictment of three Israeli-American tax preparers, who are charged with helping U.S. taxpayers hide millions of dollars in two Israeli banks.

The U.S. since 2009 has been cracking down on U.S. taxpayers hiding assets abroad. As part of an agreement to avoid criminal charges, Swiss banking giant UBS turned over the names of more than 4,000 customers and paid...