The subsequent history of the Baltic and Volga Finns, however, was quite different. Having migrated, via Upper Volga and its tributaries, far to the west to the shores of the Baltic Sea,The above-mentioned shift is usually dated by linguists at about the fifth century BCE, whereas the culture of the Stone Kurgans with box coffins (Steinkistengraber)--unmistakably Scandinavian in origin--began to appear in mass on the shores of Estonia starting from the first century of the first millennium BCE.Supposed Proto-Germans or Pre-Germans were culturally and linguistically assimilated, adding to present-day Finns and Estonians a considerable element of the lightly pigmented North Atlantic phenotype (Napolskih 1997:6-7).Migration from Estonia to Finland and Karelia put an end to the short period of existence of the common Volga-Baltic Finn proto-language and began the formation of the Northern and Southern linguistic groups of the Baltic Finn language sub-sub-family. The Karelians, Veps, and Ingrians, unlike the Lutheran Estonians, Livs, and the majority of the Latvians, belonged to the Russian Orthodox Church for their entire Christian history, as Northern Russian (Novgorod) missionaries were the first to baptize them. The Estonians, Livs, and Votes belong to the Southern group.(Pimenov 1994:124). The Ingrians (one of their self-names is Karjalain, the same as among the Karelians) split from the rest of the Karelians in the late first to early second millennium CE. After settling in the Karelian Isthmus and the Neva and Izhora river basins, they started their southwestward movement in the eleventh century, reaching the Luga and Narova rivers in the twelfth century.