DAVOS (AFP) - UN chief Antonio Guterres on Thursday (Jan 24) warned that the world is "losing the race" on climate change as he demanded that governments make bolder commitments beyond the Paris accord.

"Climate change is the defining issue of our time. We are losing the race," he said on the margins of the World Economic Forum in Davos.

"It is absolutely central to reverse this trend."

Following a UN summit last month in Poland, which was designed to advance the Paris climate accord, Guterres said he was “not hopeful” that nations would find the necessary resolve.

But he stressed: “We need political will and we need governments who understand that this is the most important priority of our times.”

The Paris climate accord has been shaken by the withdrawal of the United States under President Donald Trump, and by threats to do the same by Brazil's new hard-right leader Jair Bolsonaro.

The UN secretary-general said the commitments made in Paris were already “not enough”.

“If what we agreed in Paris would be materialised, the temperature would rise more than 3.0 degrees (Celsius),” he said on a Facebook Live broadcast from Davos.

“We need countries to make stronger commitments,” Guterres said, calling for more measures to mitigate against climate change and adapt to it, along with financial aid for poorer countries. ​

Related Story World Economic Forum 2019: Read our coverage

A WEF survey ahead of the Davos meeting found climate change was the leading concern of forum participants around the world, noting in particular the growing frequency of extreme weather events.

Without stronger political action corporate executives in Davos such as Patrick Pouyanne, CEO of French energy giant Total, have been touting their own measures to transition to a greener economy.

“We don’t look to renewables to be green,” he told the CNBC channel in Davos on Thursday, noting that electricity is the fastest-growing segment of the energy market. “We look to renewables because it’s the best way to go in to this electricity market, but the electricity market will require also natural gas, so natural gas and renewables.” .

‘Suicide pact’

But activists say companies are not doing nearly enough. One vocal voice in Davos this week has been Swedish 16-year-old Greta Thunberg, who has inspired a wave of climate protests by schoolchildren around the world after delivering a fiery speech at the UN climate summit in Katowice, Poland last month.

“They (companies) have known exactly what priceless values they have been sacrificing to continue making unimaginable amounts of money,” she told AFP in an interview.

Former secretary of state John Kerry, who signed the Paris accord for the United States in 2016, said 38 out of the 50 US states were implementing their own climate policies despite Trump’s withdrawal and vocal scepticism on climate change. The Paris pact was based partly on the expectation that the private sector would step up with new investment in areas such as batteries and solar panels, he noted.

“It’s not happening enough, and even in Katowice recently, you saw the fight that was taking place, just to be able to try to be reasonable here,” Kerry said in Davos Tuesday, also on CNBC.

“We’re heading towards 4.0 degrees Centigrade increase in this century, and the passive indifference that most countries are accepting is basically a mutual suicide pact.”

Another idea long in the mix of the climate debate is a carbon tax, which would factor in the polluting price of fossil fuels so as to discourage their use over time. That has been anathema for many governments, including the United States well before Trump.

But it is gaining ground anew under an initiative by the Climate Leadership Council that is backed by 27 Nobel economics laureates and four former chairs of the Federal Reserve.

Ted Halstead, president of the US organisation, has been in Davos this week selling the idea of US households getting back the revenue raised, in the form of lump-sum rebates.

“A carbon tax offers the most cost-effective lever to reduce carbon emissions at the scale and speed that is necessary,” signatories to the initiative said in a statement last week.