PM2.5 Air Pollution, Percent of population Exposed to Levels Exceeding Who Guideline Value

Country Name Country Code 2000 2010 2014 2015 Afghanistan AFG 100 100 100 100 Albania ALB 100 100 100 100 Algeria DZA 100 100 100 100 American Samoa ASM 0 0 0 0 Andorra AND 89.15 91.54 52.36 35.11 Angola AGO 100 100 100 100 Antigua and Barbuda ATG 100 100 100 100 Arab World ARB 100 100 100 100 Argentina ARG 98.09 98.35 97.49 97.33 Armenia ARM 100 100 100 100 Aruba ABW N/A N/A N/A N/A Australia AUS 0.13 0 0 0.14 Austria AUT 99.95 99.96 100 100 Azerbaijan AZE 100 100 100 100 Bahamas, The BHS 100 99.93 100 100 Bahrain BHR 100 100 100 100 Bangladesh BGD 100 100 100 100 Barbados BRB 100 100 100 100 Belarus BLR 100 100 100 100 Belgium BEL 100 100 100 100 Belize BLZ 100 100 100 100 Benin BEN 100 100 100 100 Bermuda BMU 100 0 0 0 Bhutan BTN 98.99 99.57 99.74 99.83 Bolivia BOL 100 100 100 100 Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH 100 100 100 100 Botswana BWA 100 99.89 99.54 99.38 Brazil BRA 77.25 52.36 55.82 55.8 British Virgin Islands VGB N/A N/A N/A N/A Brunei Darussalam BRN 0.24 0.23 0.22 0 Bulgaria BGR 100 100 100 100 Burkina Faso BFA 100 100 100 100 Burundi BDI 100 100 100 100 Cabo Verde CPV 100 100 100 100 Cambodia KHM 100 100 100 100 Cameroon CMR 100 100 100 100 Canada CAN 4.5 0 0 0.01 Cayman Islands CYM N/A N/A N/A N/A Chad TCD 100 100 100 100 Channel Islands CHI N/A N/A N/A N/A Chile CHL 99.95 99.94 99.93 99.94 China CHN 100 100 100 100 Colombia COL 100 98.17 97.56 96 Comoros COM 100 100 100 100 Congo, Dem. Rep. COD 100 100 100 100 Congo, Rep. COG 100 100 100 100 Costa Rica CRI 100 97.1 99.81 99.86 Cote d'Ivoire CIV 99.99 99.99 99.98 99.98 Croatia HRV 100 100 100 100 Cuba CUB 100 100 100 100 Curacao CUW N/A N/A N/A N/A Cyprus CYP 100 100 100 100 Czech Republic CZE 100 100 100 100 Denmark DNK 85.16 64.56 71.31 78.8 Djibouti DJI 100 100 100 100 Dominica DMA 100 100 100 100 Dominican Republic DOM 100 100 100 100 Ecuador ECU 100 98.24 97.29 91.77 Egypt, Arab Rep. EGY 100 100 100 100 El Salvador SLV 100 100 100 100 Equatorial Guinea GNQ 100 100 100 100 Eritrea ERI 100 100 100 100 Estonia EST 0.1 0.12 5 15.25 Ethiopia ETH 100 100 100 100 Faroe Islands FRO N/A N/A N/A N/A Fiji FJI 0 0 0 0 Finland FIN 0 0 0 0.1 France FRA 94.61 92.07 93.08 92.13 French Polynesia PYF N/A N/A N/A N/A Gabon GAB 100 100 100 100 Gambia, The GMB 100 100 100 100 Georgia GEO 98.17 100 100 100 Germany DEU 99.92 99.84 99.93 99.93 Ghana GHA 100 100 100 100 Gibraltar GIB N/A N/A N/A N/A Greece GRC 97.65 96.18 100 100 Greenland GRL 0 0 0 0 Grenada GRD 100 100 100 100 Guam GUM 0 0 0 0 Guatemala GTM 100 100 100 100 Guinea GIN 100 100 99.9 99.88 Guinea-Bissau GNB 100 100 100 100 Guyana GUY 100 97.2 99.79 98.63 Haiti HTI 100 100 100 100 High income HIC 79.08 62.75 61.73 61.87 Honduras HND 100 100 100 100 Hong Kong SAR, China HKG N/A N/A N/A N/A Hungary HUN 100 100 100 100 Iceland ISL 0 0 0 0 India IND 99.98 99.98 99.99 99.99 Indonesia IDN 96.08 92.30 92.77 88.91 Iran, Islamic Rep. IRN 100 100 100 100 Iraq IRQ 100 100 100 100 Ireland IRL 36.28 8.32 25.28 31.25 Isle of Man IMN N/A N/A N/A N/A Israel ISR 100 100 100 100 Italy ITA 99.17 99.25 99.91 100 Jamaica JAM 100 100 100 100 Japan JPN 94.33 96.06 97.36 98.42 Jordan JOR 100 100 100 100 Kazakhstan KAZ 73.77 81.44 89.27 89.14 Kenya KEN 99.59 98.14 99.29 98.93 Kiribati KIR 0 0 0 0 Korea, Dem. People's Rep. PRK 100 100 100 100 Korea, Rep. KOR 100 100 100 100 Kosovo KSV N/A N/A N/A N/A Kuwait KWT 100 100 100 100 Kyrgyz Republic KGZ 84.3 97.23 99.85 98.93 Lao PDR LAO 100 100 100 100 Latvia LVA 99.98 99.98 99.98 100 Lebanon LBN 100 100 100 100 Lesotho LSO 100 100 100 100 Liberia LBR 44.17 31.64 19.47 2.82 Libya LBY 100 100 100 100 Liechtenstein LIE N/A N/A N/A N/A Lithuania LTU 100 100 100 100 Luxembourg LUX 100 100 100 100 Macao SAR, China MAC N/A N/A N/A N/A Macedonia, FYR MKD 100 100 100 100 Madagascar MDG 99.97 98.72 98.9 98.74 Malawi MWI 100 100 100.35 99.58 Malaysia MYS 98.02 98.8 89.77 86.85 Maldives MDV 100 100 100 100 Mali MLI 100 100 100 100 Malta MLT 100 100 100 100 Marshall Islands MHL 100 0 0 0 Mauritania MRT 100 100 100 100 Mauritius MUS 100 91.79 100 100 Mexico MEX 99.99 99.99 99.98 99.96 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. FSM 0 0 0 0 Moldova MDA 100 100 100 100 Monaco MCO N/A N/A N/A N/A Mongolia MNG 88.98 81.96 91.39 91.67 Montenegro MNE 100 100 100 100 Morocco MAR 100 100 100 100 Mozambique MOZ 100 99.86 99.8 99.66 Myanmar MMR 100 100 100 100 Namibia NAM 99.48 97.44 96.57 96.43 Nauru NRU N/A N/A N/A N/A Nepal NPL 99.92 99.93 99.98 99.98 Netherlands NLD 100 100 100 100 New Caledonia NCL N/A N/A N/A N/A New Zealand NZL 0.24 0 0 0 Nicaragua NIC 100 100 100 100 Niger NER 100 100 100 100 Nigeria NGA 100 100 100 100 Northern Mariana Islands MNP 100 100 100 100 Norway NOR 19.19 6.89 6.51 8.78 Oman OMN 100 100 100 100 Pakistan PAK 100 99.98 100 100 Palau PLW N/A N/A N/A N/A Panama PAN 100 52.33 75.31 90.61 Papua New Guinea PNG 96.45 19.53 74.93 65.38 Paraguay PRY 100 100 100 99.97 Peru PER 100 100 99.99 99.99 Philippines PHL 100 100 100 100 Poland POL 100 100 100 100 Portugal PRT 21.32 16.88 19.69 24.22 Puerto Rico PRI 100 100 100 100 Qatar QAT 100 100 100 100 Romania ROU 100 100 100 100 Russian Federation RUS 89.13 89.48 89.99 89.66 Rwanda RWA 100 100 100 100 Samoa WSM 0 0 0 0 San Marino SMR N/A N/A N/A N/A Sao Tome and Principe STP 100 100 100 100 Saudi Arabia SAU 100 100 100 100 Senegal SEN 100 100 100 100 Serbia SRB 100 100 100 100 Seychelles SYC 100 100 100 100 Sierra Leone SLE 100 100 99.97 99.97 Singapore SGP 100 100 100 100 Sint Maarten (Dutch part) SXM N/A N/A N/A N/A Slovak Republic SVK 100 100 100 100 Slovenia SVN 100 100 100 100 Solomon Islands SLB 0 0 0 0 Somalia SOM 100 100 99.93 99.66 South Africa ZAF 100 99.8 99.84 99.87 South Sudan SSD 100 100 100 100 Spain ESP 38.34 26.28 26.08 28.11 Sri Lanka LKA 100 100 100 100 St. Kitts and Nevis KNA N/A N/A N/A N/A St. Lucia LCA 100 100 100 100 St. Martin (French part) MAF N/A N/A N/A N/A St. Vincent and the Grenadines VCT 100 100 100 100 Sudan SDN 100 100 100 100 Suriname SUR 100 93.4 99.99 99.99 Eswatini(Swaziland) SWZ 100 100 100 100 Sweden SWE 0.01 0 0 0 Switzerland CHE 83.25 77.92 99.9 100 Syrian Arab Republic SYR 100 100 100 100 Tajikistan TJK 100 100 100 100 Tanzania TZA 100 100 100 99.99 Thailand THA 100 100 100 100 Timor-Leste TLS 100 100 99.41 97.55 Togo TGO 100 100 100 100 Tonga TON 0 0 0 0 Trinidad and Tobago TTO 100 100 100 100 Tunisia TUN 100 100 100 100 Turkey TUR 100 100 100 100 Turkmenistan TKM 100 100 100 100 Turks and Caicos Islands TCA N/A N/A N/A N/A Tuvalu TUV N/A N/A N/A N/A Uganda UGA 100 100 100 100 Ukraine UKR 100 100 100 100 United Arab Emirates ARE 100 100 100 100 United Kingdom GBR 92.96 86.42 89.3 89.84 United States USA 65.26 11.46 8.98 8.64 Uruguay URY 100 98.01 86.12 85.94 Uzbekistan UZB 100 100 100 100 Vanuatu VUT 0 0 0 0 Venezuela, RB VEN 100 99.99 100 99.97 Vietnam VNM 100 100 100 100 Virgin Islands (U.S.) VIR 100 100 100 100 West Bank and Gaza PSE 100 100 100 100 World WLD 95.12 91.69 91.96 91.83 Yemen, Rep. YEM 100 100 100 100 Zambia ZMB 100 100 100 100 Zimbabwe ZWE 100 100 100 100

Percent of population exposed to ambient concentrations of PM2.5 that exceed the WHO guideline value is defined as the portion of a country’s population living in places where mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 are greater than 10 micrograms per cubic meter, the guideline value recommended by the World Health Organization as the lower end of the range of concentrations over which adverse health effects due to PM2.5 exposure have been observed.