Despite having similar educational backgrounds and experience, female M.B.A.-holders are still not getting the same pay, positions, or promotions as their male colleagues, according to a study released Thursday by Catalyst, a New York City-based nonprofit focused on women in the workplace.

The study, which had more than 9,000 respondents who graduated from 26 M.B.A. programs between 1996 and 2007, found that starting from the first job post-M.B.A. women lagged behind male respondents. For example, 60% of women respondents...