Geneva (AFP) – The man behind the annual Davos forum that for decades has been singing the praises of global trade insists that globalisation is only one factor in dramatic shifts provoking angst and anger.

Klaus Schwab, the 78-year-old founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, told AFP in an interview this week he understood that rapid changes in our societies were provoking anxiety, but stressed that globalised trade was not the sole culprit.

“It’s not just a backlash against globalisation,” he said, adding that “what we are witnessing is a time of enormous change.”

Rapid shifts in technology, economies and social structures have fuelled “a certain anxiety of the people, (who) are looking for an identity in this new world,” he said.

His comments came after a wave of anti-establishment populism over the past year which saw Britain vote to leave the European Union and maverick billionaire businessman Donald Trump elected as US president.

Other populists have also been gaining ground in many Western democracies, largely by stoking fears about globalisation, immigration and refugee flows.

Schwab said the world appeared to be in “emotional turmoil” but said the turbulence was rooted in a range of factors, including deep concerns over how new technologies are threatening jobs.

Globalisation, he insisted, is simply “a very easy scapegoat.”

– A more fragile world –

But while globalisation is easy to blame, there are no good alternatives to it, he suggested, warning of the dangers of growing isolationism.

A more isolationist world would be “different from today’s world,” he said, including a likely return of borders and border controls in Europe “with all the inconvenience for business but also for people that borders represent.”

“But what I’m much more concerned with is the fact that countries become much more egotistical under the pressure of the national electorate,” he said.

An isolationist world would be one that is no longer “based on shared values, but a world which will be characterised by interests,” he warned, saying that if global cooperation happened at all it would be based on shared interest alone.

“But a global cooperation which is based just on sharing interests will be very unstable because values remain the same, but interests move over time,” he said.

“We will be in a much more fragile world,” he said.

WEF, which for the past 47 years has been organising the Davos forum of political and business elites, pointed out this week that Schwab had been sounding the alarm on this issue for decades.

The organisation pointed to an opinion piece in the New York Times that he co-authored in 1996, in which he warned that the “mounting backlash against (globalisation’s) effects … is threatening a very disruptive impact on economic activity and social stability in many countries.”

Schwab meanwhile said Davos is the perfect place to begin addressing the problem, with its strong focus on “the need for responsive and responsible leaders.”

“Responsive means that if you are a good leader, you have to listen to the people who have entrusted you with leadership,” he said.

“But in the end, it’s not enough just to listen. You have to solve the issues. You have to address … the root causes.”

“Why the people are angry, and why they are not satisfied. That’s responsibility which needs courage and which needs decision-making and which needs action orientation,” Schwab said.

But Davos in not just about political leaders, he said, insisting that Davos offered a unique platform for cooperation across politics, business, civil society and experts.

“The big issues in the world cannot be solved by governments alone or by businesses alone,” Schwab said.

“I think in a world which is disintegrating and which is polarising, you need a clue, and you need a mechanism for interaction, you need a mechanism for dialogue,” he said.