House Judiciary panel votes along party lines to recommend Trump be impeached for obstructing Congress, abuse of power.

Washington, DC – A key committee of the US House of Representatives voted along party lines on Friday to approve two articles of impeachment against Donald Trump, charging the president with abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.

The action by the Judiciary Committee sets up a historic vote next week in the full House that could make President Trump only the third president in US history to be impeached.

Democrats who control the House accuse the president of betraying the public trust by withholding $391m in military aid to pressure Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to announce an investigation of former Vice President Joe Biden, one of Trump’s top political rivals.

“The president of the United States shook down a foreign power to interfere in an election. That’s wrong,” said Democrat Jamie Raskin during Thursday’s marathon hearing of the House Judiciary panel.

Democrats cited evidence produced in a three-month investigation by the Intelligence Committee into allegations by a whistle-blower that Trump sought a promise from Zelenskyy to investigate Biden in a July 25 telephone call. Trump also wanted an investigation of a discredited narrative promoted by Russia that it was Ukraine that hacked the US elections in 2016.

Trump has denied any wrongdoing, calling the impeachment inquiry a “witch-hunt” and “sham”.

The Intelligence Committee held public hearings with 12 witnesses and produced text messages and emails showing Trump and key administration officials pressured Zelenskyy to announce the politically motivated investigations.

Nine administration officials refused to comply with House requests to testify, complying with orders from Trump and White House lawyers not to cooperate with the impeachment inquiry.

US Representative Madeleine Dean holds up a copy of the constitution during a House Judiciary Committee markup of articles of impeachment against President Donald Trump [Matt McClain/Pool via Reuters]

Instead of pursuing enforcement of subpoenas for testimony in federal court, House Democratic leaders decided to move forward quickly with the articles of impeachment leaving a number of unanswered questions.

The speed of House action has opened Democrats to criticism they are treating Trump unfairly by failing to assemble an undisputed set of facts to support the allegations Trump orchestrated a pressure campaign in Ukraine.

Democrats, however, have already won several lower-court rulings upholding congressional subpoenas in other investigations, proceedings that have taken up to eight months and are still subject to appeals by Trump.

Republicans argued a higher level of proof was required to charge the president with any criminal offence and accused the Democrats of putting forward a nebulous, ambiguous charge of abuse of power.

“No abuse of power ever took place and there certainly isn’t enough support here in the evidence presented,” said Republican Steve Chabot.

During more than 12 hours of debate in the House Judiciary Committee on Thursday, Republicans sought to position Trump’s actions as reasonable within his authority to advance US anti-corruption policy in Ukraine, a notoriously corrupt country, they said.

House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerry Nadler (L), with House Judiciary Committee ranking member Doug Collins (R), delivers opening remarks during the House Judiciary Committee’s markup of articles of impeachment [Shawn Thew/Reuters]

Democrats responded that the argument Trump was actually concerned about corruption is false, even “laughable”, Representative David Cicilline said.

Trump never mentioned the word “corruption” in his phone call with Zelenskyy and the US defence department had already certified Ukraine met anti-corruption benchmarks, Cicilline said.

“We can argue about the facts all day long, but the facts are pretty clear. The president abused his power,” said Democrat Val Demings.

Trump has claimed there was no “quid pro quo” (Latin for “this for that”). Republicans pointed out that Zelenskyy has repeatedly said he felt no pressure from Trump.

Committee members sitting as the House Judiciary Committee continues its markup of articles of impeachment against US President Donald Trump on Capitol Hill in Washington, US [Joshua Roberts/Reuters]

Democrats said Trump was continuing to pressure Zelenskyy who needs White House backing as he seeks negotiations with Russian President Vladimir Putin over the continuing war in eastern Ukraine.

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said on Thursday the full House will take up impeachment next week. If the House votes to impeach Trump, a trial would be held in the Republican-led Senate.

Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said such a trial would be the chamber’s “first order of business” in January. A conviction, which would remove Trump from office, is unlikely at this point.

It is unclear how quickly the Senate trial would be. McConnell has indicated he would like a swift trial, but Trump on Friday said he would not mind a full trial, with a number of witnesses, including Biden and the whistle-blower, whose complaint led to the impeachment inquiry.

Legal scholars: Trump engaged in impeachable conduct

Many legal experts have supported the Democratic view of the evidence and constitutional law at issue in the impeachment of Trump.

“There is ample evidence that Trump directed a scheme to seek an announcement about sham investigations, to withhold military aid and to condition one on the other,” said Barbara McQuade, a law professor at the University of Michigan and a former federal prosecutor.

“Republicans are demanding a direct statement from President Trump using the term ‘quid pro quo’. This is an unnecessary red herring,” McQuade told Al Jazeera.

“The classic example is that, even if no witness testified that it was raining outside, you may conclude that it was raining outside from evidence that people entered a building with wet umbrellas. The same is true here,” she said.

US President Donald Trump delivering remarks during a campaign rally at the Giant Center in Hershey, Pennsylvania, US [Tom Brenner/Reuters]

One legal scholar who has supported Republican defenders of Trump is Jonathan Turley, a law professor at the George Washington University law school. Turley argued in testimony to the committee last week that Congress must find the president violated specific criminal statutes.

But Turley’s is an unconventional view among constitutional lawyers and more than 500 legal scholars rejected it in an open letter posted December 3 on a public website.

Trump’s “conduct need not be criminal to be impeachable”, the legal scholars’ letter said.

“The standard here is constitutional; it does not depend on what Congress has chosen to criminalise,” the letter said.

By seeking to corrupt an election, which is the primary check the Constitution places on a president, Trump is attempting to put himself beyond the reach of voters, the letter argues.

“Overwhelming evidence made public to date forces us to conclude that President Trump engaged in impeachable conduct,” the letter said.

Editorial boards of major US newspapers USA Today, the Los Angeles Times, the Boston Globe and the Washington Post have concluded that there is sufficient evidence to impeach Trump.

But American public opinion is split. A running average of polls of US public opinion compiled by RealClearPolitics.com suggests 47 percent of Americans say Trump should be impeached and removed from office, while 46 percent say he should not be impeached.