SANTIAGO, Chile, Jan. 11 (Reuters)—The Chilean Government is to ration food in an attempt to overcome shortages that it charges have been created by political opponents in the hope of overthrowing President Salvador Allende Gossens.

Finance Minister Fernando Flores Labra, on a nationwide broadcast last night, accused opponents of the leftist Government of creating a black market to prepare the way for Dr. Allende's fall.

Mr. Flores said that a quota of about 30 essential foods—including oils, sugar, rice, meat and coffee—would be established for each family, and that watchdog committees would be set up to supervise supplies.

Chile faces increasing shortages of essential foods, particularly meat, because domestic production does not meet demand and a lack of foreign exchange prevents large purchases abroad.