The Kosovan prime minister, Ramush Haradinaj, has summoned senior law enforcement and justice officials over the alleged rape of a teenager – first by a teacher and then police she reported it to – in a case that has shocked the nation.

Haradinaj pressed the officials for measures to ensure something like this can never happen again, his office said in a statement on Friday.

The teenager was allegedly raped two years ago, when she was 16, by a teacher at her school in the central town of Drenas. According to a report on Wednesday by the investigative site Insajderi, she went to report the attack to the police, only to be repeatedly raped by an officer investigating the case.

On Thursday, police said a teacher, a policeman and a gynaecologist accused of performing an illegal abortion on the girl had been arrested.

Hashim Thaçi, the country’s president, has described the case as “tragic and monstrous”.

The Insajderi report provoked public outrage in Kosovo, where public distrust of the police is strong. Hundreds of people demonstrated in the capital, Pristina, and outside the police station in Drenas on Friday, demanding justice and the resignation of senior officers.

The protesters chanted: “Shame” and waved banners reading: “Danger, paedophile zone”.

An extraordinary session of parliament was called on Friday to discuss the matter, during which an MP, Fatmire Kollçaku, said the girl “was a victim of those who she should have trusted the most”.

The Kosovo mission of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also condemned the alleged crime. “The acts alleged to have been committed by the young girl’s teacher, and subsequently over a longer time period by a police officer, are appalling and unacceptable on all levels of humanity and professionalism,” it said.

• This article was amended on 13 February 2019 to correct the spelling of MP Fatmire Kollçaku’s name