Here is a diagram showing all the main programming paradigms and their relationships. This is quite different from the usual diagram which just shows programming languages. This diagram condenses a lot of information in a compact way. If your favorite language is not mentioned here, make a convincing argument and I may add it. If you find any errors, please let me know. I will take all people's comments into account to improve the diagram. Note to Unix aficionados: the diagram was made using xfig running on Mac OS X.

Edit: here is the latest updated diagram.