Mr. Shkreli has argued that Daraprim was such a small-selling drug that the price increase would not affect the health care system, and that the company would help with co-payments and take other steps to make sure that no patient would be denied the drug. He said the money from the price increase would go toward research on new drugs, and Turing is doing some such research.

But some of the documents released by congressional investigators show some patients were being hit with co-payments as high as $16,800, and others of $6,000, and Turing was receiving protests from doctors.

The documents also show Turing executives anticipated at least $200 million in annual revenue from Daraprim and were focused on the profits. Last Sept. 17, Tina Ghorban, senior director of business analytics and customer insights, forwarded a single purchase order for 96 bottles of Daraprim at the full price. “Another $7.2 million. Pow!” she wrote.

One email to a commercial loan company in September said Turing was considering going public in the first quarter of 2016 and acquiring another drug, this time from Teva, that was “also going to be a big price-increase deal with good upside.”

The recipient of the Aug. 27 email in which Mr. Shkreli gloats about the money to be made on Daraprim is Gregory Rea, a Florida radiologist. Mr. Rea, in a phone interview, said he did not want to discuss how he came to know Mr. Shkreli and did not want to comment on the email “without going through my records.”

Mr. Rea was an investor in a private placement that KaloBios Pharmaceuticals, another company Mr. Shkreli briefly led, conducted in early December. Mr. Rea invested $3 million in the private offering on Dec. 4 that closed just days before Mr. Shkreli was arrested. KaloBios fired Mr. Shkreli soon after his arrest and filed for bankruptcy at the end of December.

On Jan. 7, Mr. Rea and other investors in the private placement filed a lawsuit in the bankruptcy proceeding claiming they were “fraudulently induced” to invest in the private placement and KaloBios should have been aware of the pending criminal investigation against Mr. Shkreli. The investors, including Mr. Rea, are seeking a return of their investment.