Lawmakers and Trump administration officials have been eyeing the global supply chains that deliver drugs and other medical supplies to the United States, wary that the coronavirus might lead to shortages of key supplies.

In a hearing in July, experts told the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission that America had a troubling reliance on China for its drug supply — but that purchasing from India instead would also have its downsides.

Rosemary Gibson, a co-author of “China Rx: Exposing the Risks of America’s Dependence on China for Medicine,” who testified at that hearing, said India also imported the bulk of the active pharmaceutical ingredients, or A.P.I.s, that it used to manufacture drugs from China. She added that sourcing those raw ingredients for drugs within India would have implications for drug prices.

“The main reason that India wants to import A.P.I.s from China is because it’s cheap,” said Ms. Gibson, a senior adviser with the Hastings Center, a bioethics research institute. “If we choose to move from China to India, even if it has the capacity to manufacture its A.P.I.s, it would make it more expensive.”

India’s exports of the specified drugs are unlikely to be completely stopped, said Sudarshan Jain, secretary general of the Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance, which represents most of the country’s large pharmaceutical companies.

“It’s not a ban on export,” he said. “It’s a restriction. What we want to do is monitor the movement of the drugs.”