Ireland is going to the polls on 26 October for a presidential election which will see five challengers take on the popular incumbent Michael D Higgins.

The campaign will see a sitting president, an MEP, a senator and three judges from the popular TV show Dragon’s Den all battling it out to become the head of state to a country of 4.7 million people for the next seven years.

Current projections show Higgins on course for an easy landslide re-election, with polls suggesting he could take around two thirds of first preference votes.

When is the Irish presidential election?

The election will be held on Friday 26 October, with voting open from 7am to 10pm. Counting will begin on the morning of Saturday 27 October, with a winner declared at some point that afternoon.

A referendum on removing the offence of blasphemy from the Irish constitution will be held on the same day.

The inauguration of the winner will be held in Dublin Castle at noon on Sunday 11 November.

Ireland's presidential candidates Show all 6 1 /6 Ireland's presidential candidates Ireland's presidential candidates Michael D Higgins Irish President Michael D Higgins launches his Shared Ireland, Shared Island initiative at Droichead Arts Centre, Drogheda, Co. Louth. PRESS ASSOCIATION Photo. Picture date: Monday October 22, 2018. Photo credit should read: Niall Carson/PA Wire PA Ireland's presidential candidates Sean Gallagher Previously unissued photo dated 1/10/2018 of Presidential candidate Sean Gallagher at Dublin City University. PRESS ASSOCIATION Photo. Issue date: Monday October 15, 2018. See PA story IRISH President. Photo credit should read: Niall Carson/PA Wire PA Ireland's presidential candidates Joan Freeman Previously unissued photo dated 5/10/2018 of Irish presidential candidate Joan Freeman in Dublin. PRESS ASSOCIATION Photo. Issue date: Tuesday October 16, 2018. See PA story IRISH President. Photo credit should read: Brian Lawless/PA Wire PA Ireland's presidential candidates Peter Casey File photo dated 19/10/18 of Peter Casey who has said he received "thousands" of messages asking him not to pull out of the Irish presidential race. PRESS ASSOCIATION Photo. Issue date: Sunday October 21, 2018. The Londonderry-born businessman commands around 2% of the vote and is trailing the other five candidates, polling has shown. See PA story IRISH President Casey. Photo credit should read: Brian Lawless/PA Wire PA Ireland's presidential candidates Liadh Ni Riada Liadh Ni Riada arrives for the first live presidential campaign debate between all six candidates at RTE Radio in Dublin. PRESS ASSOCIATION Photo. Issue date: Saturday October 13, 2018. See PA story IRISH President. Photo credit should read: Niall Carson/PA Wire PA Ireland's presidential candidates Gavin Duffy Irish presidential candidate Gavin Duffy in Dublin. PRESS ASSOCIATION Photo. Picture date: Thursday October 18, 2018. See PA story IRISH President. Photo credit should read: Brian Lawless/PA Wire PA

What is the voting system?

Irish citizens over the age of 35 may be nominated for the presidential election by:

Themselves, if they are the incumbent president and have served only one term

20 members of the Irish parliament (this is typically how political parties nominate their candidate)

Four city or county councils of Ireland (this is often the route for independent candidates)

All nominees make the ballot paper and are put to the Irish electorate. The president is elected on proportional representation by the single transferable vote.

Who are the candidates?

Michael D Higgins (Incumbent, supported by Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil and Labour)

Michael D Higgins has served as President of Ireland since 2011 (EPA)

Michael D Higgins is a veteran Irish politician, originally a member of the Labour party, who is also well known as a poet. He has served as Irish president since 2011.

He has been praised for his ability to unite the nation, particularly in a decade of difficult historical centenaries, and his unique brand of statesmanship has seen great affection bestowed upon him, even by the younger generations.

While most of his opponents have had words of praise for his conduct across the past seven years, he has faced questioning about the cost of the presidency, in particular his use of a private jet to fly from Dublin to Belfast.

Liadh Ní Riada (Sinn Féin)

Liadh Ni Riada is Sinn Fein's candidate to contest the Irish presidential election on 26 October (Rex)

Liadh Ní Riada is a Sinn Féin politician who has been a Member of the European Parliament since 2014.

Sinn Féin are the only party officially contesting this election, as all others have declined to stand a candidate as a show of support for President Higgins.

Ms Ní Riada has a background in television, having worked as a producer on the country’s Irish station TG4, and is a keen advocate of the Gaelic language.

Ms Ní Riada has been chosen by Sinn Féin as a fresh face who can represent their key causes without carrying any Troubles-era baggage. It is believed she will strike a chord with a new generation who have become politicised by the country’s recent referendums, a sense of social injustice, and a growing desire for Irish unity.

However, she has stumbled in debates over questions about her salary and has also come under scrutiny over comments she made in the past about the HPV vaccine.

Sean Gallagher (Independent)

Sean Gallagher announced in August 2018 that he would be seeking a nomination for the Irish presidential election (PA)

Sean Gallagher is a businessman and a former Dragon’s Den star who also ran in the 2011 presidential election. He secured his nomination with the support of councils.

At one point, he had been the favourite to win, until he was questioned days before the election in a live TV debate about money he had collected for a Fianna Fáil fundraiser. This small anecdote was deemed to be emblematic of a larger culture of cronyism associated with the party at that time, and it crashed Gallagher’s presidential dreams. He came second, while Higgins was elected.

Many have been surprised at his resurgence in 2018, as he has been absent from Irish politics across the last seven years - something he has been quizzed on during the campaign. Many see his lack of involvement in the landmark referendums on same sex marriage and abortion as evidence that his political ambitions are more about personal advancement than the national interest.

Joan Freeman (Independent)

Irish Presidential candidate Senator Joan Freeman pitches for nominations to members of Waterford Co Council (PA)

Joan Freeman is a psychologist who has also been an independent senator since 2016, and received her nomination through the support of councils.

She is the founder of suicide intervention charity Pieta House, and launched the popular Darkness Into Light walk which raises funds for those affected by suicide.

Ms Freeman wants to use her platform to draw attention to mental health issues and generate more national discussion around the problem. She has expressed frustration that debates have been focused on other candidates attacking Higgins' record rather than discussing various visions for the next seven years.

Gavin Duffy (Independent)

Irish Presidential candidate Gavin Duffy pitches for nominations to members of Waterford Co Council (PA)

Gavin Duffy is a businessman and another former Dragon’s Den star who has received his nomination with council support.

He has worked as an advisor to both Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil in the past, but this is his first venture into the world of politics.

He has called for an emphasis on new physical and digital infrastructure in Ireland if elected, but animal rights activists have criticised his role as a chairman of the Hunting Association of Ireland.

He has also suggested Ireland should launch a US-style Peace Corps organisation to expand humanitarian work abroad.

Peter Casey (Independent)

Presidential hopeful Peter Casey at City Hall in Dublin following a Dublin City Council meeting (PA)

Peter Casey is a businessman and yet another former Dragon’s Den star who has received his nomination with council support.

He has flirted with political office before, but has never yet run. Originally from Derry in Northern Ireland, and based in the US for many years, he is a supporter of voting rights for Irish emigrants.

He has advocated for Ireland to end its policy of neutrality and to boost defence spending, and has also suggested Ireland should attempt to get a better deal from the EU, or leave the organisation.

He has been the most controversial candidate, largely because of his attacks on Higgins (and even Higgins' dogs), and comments he made about the traveller community.

What are the issues in this election?

As head of state, the role of president in Ireland is largely ceremonial, with little political power. But as the country’s first citizen, the president is often looked upon to capture and reflect the national mood, and as a diplomat, represents the country and the Irish diaspora abroad.

However, the campaign has largely been one of two halves, with candidates criticising Higgins for minor issues such as anecdotal instances of expensive trips, while simultaneously outlining their own alternatives for the role - many of which have been criticised as unfeasible or unconstitutional.

It may be that the real value of this election has been the discussions around reforming the role of president, as well as the salary and expenses attached to it.

Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures Show all 15 1 /15 Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures An abandoned shop is seen in Mullan, Co Monaghan. The building was home to four families who left during the Troubles. The town was largely abandoned after the hard border was put in place during the conflict. Mullan has seen some regeneration in recent years, but faces an uncertain future with Brexit on the horizon Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures A defaced ‘Welcome to Northern Ireland’ sign stands on the border in Middletown, Co Armagh Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures Mervyn Johnson owns a garage in the border town of Pettigo, which straddles the counties of Donegal and Fermanagh. ‘I’ve been here since 1956, it was a bit of a problem for a few years. My premises has been blown up about six or seven times, we just kept building and starting again,’ Johnson said laughing. ‘We just got used to it [the hard border] really but now that it’s gone, we wouldn't like it back again’ Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures Farmer Gordon Crockett’s Coshquin farm straddles both Derry/Londonderry in the North and Donegal in the Republic. ‘At the minute there is no real problem, you can cross the border as free as you want. We could cross it six or eight times a day,’ said Crockett. ‘If there was any sort of obstruction it would slow down our work every day’ Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures John Murphy flies the European flag outside his home near the border village of Forkhill, Co Armagh Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures Potter Brenda McGinn stands outside her Mullan, Co Monaghan, studio – the former Jas Boylan shoe factory which was the main employer in the area until it shut down due to the Troubles. ‘When I came back, this would have been somewhere you would have driven through and have been quite sad. It was a decrepit looking village,’ said McGinn, whose Busy Bee Ceramics is one of a handful of enterprises restoring life to the community. ‘Now this is a revitalised, old hidden village’ Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures Union Flag colours painted on kerbstones and bus-stops along the border village of Newbuildings, Co Derry/Londonderry Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures Grass reflected in Lattone Lough, which is split by the border between Cavan and Fermanagh, seen from near Ballinacor, Northern Ireland Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures Donegalman David McClintock sits in the Border Cafe in the village of Muff, which straddles Donegal and Derry/Londonderry Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures An old Irish phone box stands alongside a bus stop in the border town of Glaslough, Co Monaghan Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures Billboards are viewed from inside a disused customs hut in Carrickcarnon, Co Down, on the border with Co Louth in the Republic Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures Seamus McQuaid takes packages that locals on the Irish side of the border have delivered to his business, McQuaid Auto-Parts, to save money on postal fees, near the Co Fermanagh village of Newtownbutler. ‘I live in the south but the business is in the North,’ said McQaid. "I wholesale into the Republic of Ireland so if there’s duty, I’ll have to set up a company 200 yards up the road to sell to my customers. I’ll have to bring the same product in through Dublin instead of Belfast’ Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures A disused Great Northern Railway line and station that was for customs and excise on the border town of Glenfarne, Co Leitrim Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures Alice Mullen, from Monaghan in the Republic of Ireland, does her shopping at a former customs post on the border in Middletown, Co Armagh. ‘I’d be very worried if it was a hard border, I remember when people were divided. I would be very afraid of the threat to the peace process, it was a dreadful time to live through. Even to go to mass on a Sunday, you’d have to go through checkpoints. It is terribly stressful,’ said Mullen. ‘All those barricades and boundaries were pulled down. I see it as a huge big exercise of trust and I do believe everyone breathed a sigh of relief’ Reuters Brexit threatens life on the Irish border: in pictures A bus stop and red post box stand in the border town of Jonesborough, Co Armagh Reuters

​The impact of Brexit on the island has come up in the debate, as has the growing prospect of Irish reunification, which both Ni Riada and Gallagher said they would push for.

Who is most likely to win?

It is highly likely Michael D Higgins will be returned for a second term. His popularity in Ireland has been confirmed by a number of opinion polls across 2018, many of which showed that people still valued having an election, even though they wanted him to remain as president.

A poll published by the Sunday Business Post on 16 September showed Higgins on 67 per cent, with Sean Gallagher on 15 per cent, Liadh Ni Riada on 7 per cent, Gavin Duffy on 6 per cent, Joan Freeman on 3 per cent and Peter Casey on 1 per cent.

A poll from Red C/Paddy Power published on 12 October showed Higgins on 70 per cent, with Sean Gallagher on 14 per cent, Joan Freeman on 6 per cent, Liadh Ni Riada on 5 per cent, Gavin Duffy on 4 per cent and Peter Casey on 1 per cent.

The latest poll from Irish Times/Ipsos MRBI - published on 17 October after the first radio debate of the campaign - found Higgins on 66 per cent, Sean Gallagher on 12 per cent, Liadh Ni Riada on 11 per cent, Joan Freeman on 5 per cent, Gavin Duffy on 4 per cent and Peter Casey on 2 per cent.