If the 2016 vote for Brexit was described as a political earthquake in the United Kingdom, then the 2019 general election is the equivalent to the tsunami that followed

Approaching the outcome of the general election from a visual perspective puts metaphors about physical geographic upheavals into quite stark relief, as this cartographic analysis of the outcome of the December vote shows.

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Political commentators spoke of a demolishment of the Labour party’s ‘red wall’ as the results came in during the election night. Yet, the ‘red wall’ that may have once stood was already a reality that had started to crumble in previous elections, while the Conservatives’ wins in 2019 clearly resemble the tsunami that swept into some of the deepest Labour heartlands in England.

In these cartograms, a series of different cartographic techniques is used to show how the political landscape in the UK is shaped and has changed since the last election in 2017, not only by physical space, but also by political dimensions as well as from a people’s perspective. The conventional (land area) map is complemented by a hexagon cartogram in which each parliamentary constituency is represented by a hexagon (some minor changes in constituencies in recent years are reflected in split and merged hexagons). There is also then a gridded population cartogram in which each area is resized according to the number of people living there (select each map to view a larger, higher-resolution version).

Each map therefore provides a different unique insight into the diverse geographical patterns of politics that emerged from the 2019 general election. To fully understand the new political realities of the United Kingdom that are going to have a significant impact on the politics of the years to come, only a combination of different perspectives as shown here can help to gain a more complete picture. Geography matters not only in its physical dimension, but just as much in the social and political spaces that are depicted in these maps.

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These maps were created as part of a contribution for the UK Election Analysis 2019 published by the Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community in collaboration with Political Studies Association. The report including the full analysis that these maps were taken from is published online at www.electionanalysis.uk.

Benjamin Hennig (@geoviews) is Professor of Geography at the University of Iceland and Honorary Research Associate in the School of Geography and the Environment at the University of Oxford. He is also involved in the Worldmapper project (Worldmapper.org).