While Identitarian groups on both sides of the Atlantic claim their opposition to multiculturalism isn’t racist, their direct action tactics and end goals indicate otherwise. Put simply, identitarians want regions and nations that are different from one another — but at the same time culturally and ethnically homogenous within their borders.

The American efforts are particularly targeted to young people, much as they are in Europe, where the movement featured a 2012 “Declaration of War” indicting the generation known as “68ers,” a reference to the French left-wing radicals of 1968. But in the U.S., where some activists have mirrored that call by attacking the “baby boomer generation” for supposedly selling out the country to foreigners, there isn’t much evidence that this latest version of racist ideology has caught fire.

“I don’t see much of a future for the Identitarian movement in the U.S.,” said Cas Mudde, a Dutch scholar and long-time analyst of the European radical right who now teaches at the University of Georgia. The American radical right is built entirely around the idea of race, whereas the European version increasingly emphasizes local ethnic and cultural identities within a European framework — what one nationalist from the French region of Brittany calls the “Europe of 100 flags.”

Still, U.S. efforts are multiplying. At least four American groups are pushing versions of Identitarianism, often parroting the words and the flashy, youth-oriented style of the Europeans. The most important of them, the National Policy Institute, recently held a “Why I’m An Identitarian” essay contest.

The ideological roots of the Identitarian movement go back to the French “New Right,” and mix elements of European chauvinism, biological determinism, fierce localism and even typically left-wing ideas like Swiss-style direct democracy and criticism of capitalism. Still, the eminent scholar of fascism, Walter Laqueur, has described it as fundamentally a doctrine closely related to fascism.

Its organizational expression came, in the early 2000s, in Generation Identitaire, the youth wing of the Bloc Identitaire, a French anti-immigrant coalition that also opposes “imperialism, whether it be American or Islamic.” Bloc Identitaire became known in recent years for trying to serve “identity soups” in Muslim neighborhoods. The soups, containing pork which practicing Muslims cannot eat, were a mocking publicity stunt that drew widespread accusations of racism and xenophobia.

The French Identitarians really came to public notice, however, with two more recent actions. In 2010, it held a massive “pork sausage and booze” party in Paris that the Christian Science Monitor described as “a deliberate provocation against Muslims.” Although originally set for a Muslim neighborhood, it was moved to the Arc de Triomphe after the first venue was banned. Significantly, it was held on the anniversary of Charles DeGaulle’s 1940 call for an anti-Nazi resistance.

And in 2012, about 70 activists dramatically invaded the site of an unfinished mosque in Poitiers, where they unfurled a huge banner reading “732 Generation Identitaire.” The number referred to the year in which the Frankish king Charles Martel turned back the invading Moors, who were Muslims, near Poitiers. The Identitarians also demanded a referendum on halting immigration in France.

The French Identitarians — and to a lesser extent, their counterparts in Germany and Austria — also became known for their slick media efforts. They made videos showing dozens of white people speaking out against Islam and immigration, and also of flash mobs of silent anti-immigrants marching eerily down city streets.

The American Identitarians haven’t come close to matching some of the more dramatic efforts of the Europeans, especially when one compares the size and impact of the street demonstrations, but the Americans are making some real efforts.

One group, or perhaps simply an individual, recently started a website called Generation Identity US that claimed to be an American chapter of the European movement. Based in Grovetown, Ga., the site called on American youth “to stand up and face the new tyranny that the baby-boomers created for us.” It decried attempts “to make one people and culture from all of the people in world,” the “perverse fantasy of coexistence and miscegenation” allegedly promoted in the mass media, and “the tidal wave of mass immigration from non-European countries.”

But it was forced to change its name when Generation Identitaire insisted that the situation in America was different and therefore it would not recognize the group as a U.S. chapter. Today, the site is only one page explaining the name change to Identity Vanguard.

A more substantial effort is coming from the National Policy Institute (NPI), whose chief Richard Spencer edits the racist Radix journal and recently held an Identitarian essay contest for writers under the age of 30. Radix describes itself as working to preserve the “heritage, identity and future of European people in the United States and around the world.”

Spencer, like other Identitarians, seeks to portray his style of ethnonationalist regionalism as the very soul of diversity. “Identitarianism acknowledges the incommensurable nature of different peoples and cultures,” he writes, “and thus looks forward to a world of true diversity and multiculturalism.”

NPI does more than talk. The group regularly hosts conferences featuring radical-right speakers in both the United States and Europe. Last year, it organized a major racist conference in Budapest, Hungary, called the “European Identitarian Congress.” But once the event got some advance publicity, the Hungarians decided to shut it down, even jailing Spencer for five days before deporting him.

Another American group plugging Identitarian ideas is the Traditional Youth Network (TYN), headed up by racist youth activists Matthew Heimbach and Matthew Parrott. The group doesn’t follow the European Identitarian model closely, but has adopted some of its key ideas, including the claim that it supports all kinds of nationalists. “We not only seek to build relationships with students of diverse ethnic and religious backgrounds,” its mission statement says, “but to empower them with the moral support, intellectual foundations, and resources to protect their heritage and identity from the culturally alienated and spiritually bankrupt future that awaits all those who embrace secularism, moral relativism and globalism.”

The claim is hogwash. In fact, Heimbach regularly interacts with open white supremacists like the Imperial Klans of America, the neo-Nazi Golden State Skins, American Renaissance magazine, and the League of the South, whose leader recently wrote that the South is “White Man’s Land.” Over the last year, Heimbach and Parrott also have authored a six-part series inspired by the writings of Corneliu Codreanu, the late Romanian fascist, assassin and Nazi sympathizer.

In one of those essays, the pair described the ideal activists as “warriors for the Cross,” reflecting their emphasis on Orthodox Christianity as a basis for their racial activism. That differentiates their view of Identitarianism from that of their European counterparts, who do not generally see religion as a central issue.

The National Youth Front (NYF) is another group that is toying with Identitarian ideas. The group is the youth wing of the American Freedom Party, which includes in its ranks most of the better-known white nationalist intellectuals in America. The NYF is headed by Angelo John Gage, who sees Generation Identaire as his inspiration and has been working to spread its ideas on college campuses.

NYF’s first video, “A Declaration of Freedom,” is modeled closely on Generation Identitaire’s “Declaration of War” video. Both lament the multicultural world that young people have inherited from their parents. And earlier this year, NYF posters went up at Arizona State University using the phrase “Declaration of War.”

While it’s unclear how much success Gage has had in his recruiting efforts, they have been enough to get the attention of some Europeans. He has been invited to address nationalist groups in Sweden and the United Kingdom later this year.

All of this activity is a reflection of increased contacts between the American and the European radical right over the last several years, especially within the younger ranks, as the idea of a multinational movement to “defend” whites has spread. While the American Identitarian copycats might not be the most successful propagandists, at least so far, they are part of a racist and anti-Muslim movement that is increasingly international in scope.