The former Liverpool player Ian St John has said that his attempts to persuade the Professional Footballers’ Association to commission research examining possible links between dementia and football failed because the union told him “women get it too.”

As new research put the union under renewed pressure from its members to set a timescale for a detailed examination of possible risks and how they might be mitigated, St John said that he had been trying for several years to push the PFA to launch research because a number of Bill Shankly’s former Liverpool team are struggling. Because “women of our age suffer from dementia” the PFA had said there was “nothing they could do,” the 78-year-old said.

Both St John and the family of Jeff Astle, to whom the PFA first promised research 15 years ago, spoke at length on the BBC’s Victoria Derbyshire programme on Wednesday, with St John reiterating his frustrations with a union he feels should take responsibility for research. St John also addressed the issue last year in an interview for a book, Liverpool Captains, which revealed the struggles his ex-teammates Ron Yeats and Tommy Smith have experienced with neurological disease.

“It’s true that women our age suffer from dementia too, but in the same numbers as men in our industry?” St John asked. “I’m not talking about men in our country in general who get Alzheimer’s. I’m talking about the percentage of our little group of professional footballers from the 1960s. I believe this is an occupational injury, a health condition caused by our job as footballers.”

The family of Nobby Stiles, who is now extremely frail after nearly 15 years struggling with dementia, expressed hope on Wednesday that the new research published by Swansea University and University College London this week would be a “game-changer,” in securing the research which might help future players to comprehend the risks attached to being among the most frequent headers of a football.

The research included post-mortem examinations on six players who suffered dementia and revealed that all of them had suffered from a tearing to a brain membrane consistent with chronic, repetitive head impacts from playing football. This might point to a link, though further study is needed, the researchers said.

Tommy Smith, St John's ex-teammate, scored with a header in the 1977 European Cup final against Borussia Moenchengladbach (Getty)

Stiles’s son, Rob, said that the family believed the football authorities were reluctant to take up the problem for fear of a legal case and the need for a settlement similar to that made by the NFL in the United States. There has been no finding or admission of liability by the NFL under the terms of a class action settled by league at a very early stage. NFL lawyers say the risk of successful legal action in the UK here is far more limited.

“We are not looking to sue anyone,” Rob Stiles said. “We are just asking for some kind of research to help future players have an understanding about any risk and make an informed choice about how they play and train.

Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Show all 8 1 /8 Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Stiles broke into Sir Matt Busby's United first team in 1960, having been a youth team player at the club at the time of the Munich air disaster. Getty Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Stiles played alongside the likes of Sir Bobby Charlton, Denis Law, Maurice Setters and Shay Brennan in his early days at United. Getty Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Nobby Stiles' career in pictures His only goal for England came in 1966 against West Germany at Wembley, but in a February friendly rather than that year's World Cup final. GettyGetty Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Stiles' performance during England's World Cup-winning campaign endeared him to the nation. Getty Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Stiles dancing with the Jules Rimet trophy, his false teeth removed from his mouth, became one of the day's abiding images. Getty Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Stiles tasted more success in 1968, playing his part as Manchester United became the first English side to win the European Cup. Getty Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Stiles' playing time was affected by persistent knee problems during his final years at United, with him eventually departing for Middlesbrough in 1971. Getty Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Nobby Stiles' career in pictures Stiles played on Teesside for two further years before joining Preston North End, who he went on to manage for three years between 1977 and 1981. Getty

“No-one is suggesting heading should be taken out of football. If you look at a lot of the players who we know have been affected, you see that many are centre forwards and centre halves or players who headed the ball repeatedly in training. Dad was so determined when it came to heading the ball. He was only 5ft 5in but he would do extra training when it came to heading.”

The Stiles family suspect that the weight of the football may be less significant than the number of times players head it, and that the risk of brain disease in old age may be mitigated for players by a training regime in which there is less heading. Scientists in the US estimate that 90 per cent of headers undertaken by those who head the ball most often occur in training.

Mr Stiles’ also pointed to the need for PFA pastoral and practical support for players, such as a telephone number that a wife or family can call for advice on consultation and care. “When dad was diagnosed and started to go downhill we didn’t know who to turn to,” said Mr Stiles. “Even in geriatric medicine and psychiatry, you won’t necessarily find the person who specifically understands your needs.”

The PFA, which on Wednesday announced the launch of fund to raise awareness of skin cancer, said that the FA is coordinating moves towards research, which both the governing body and FA are paying for.