“We take such concerns extremely seriously,” David Theis, a World Bank spokesman, said in a statement released Thursday night. “We are actively looking into the questions that have been raised about the project. If action is warranted, we will take it.”

The loan was made in 2015, under the bank’s previous leadership and two years before the internment camp program started in earnest. It was a relatively small amount of the total $1.8 billion the bank lent that year to China.

The $50 million is scheduled to be disbursed through next year. When the bank unveiled the plan, it said that the money would benefit thousands of young people in the region by offering them “better technical and vocational education and employment opportunities” through the support of five local colleges.

More than half of the estimated 24 million people in Xinjiang, an area about the size of Alaska, are Muslim ethnic minority groups. Most of them are Uighurs, who have a history of cultural independence and resistance to Chinese rule. China began cracking down on the region after a spate of antigovernment attacks in 2014, but most analysts say that the mass detentions and effort to forcibly indoctrinate the Uighurs began in 2017.

Questions about the project emerged last week after Senator Marco Rubio, Republican of Florida, and Representative Jim McGovern, Democrat of Massachusetts, released a letter to Mr. Malpass outlining concerns about the loan. The letter noted that disbursement of the loan continued even after it became evident that the Chinese government was spreading propaganda to defend the camps.