The price of financial folly: As airports and luxury flats stand empty as monuments to Spain's overspending, miners' protest over subsidy cuts ends in bloody clashes



Boom years saw construction in Spanish holiday resorts soar

24 regional airports were built, many of which have never seen a plane

today, in some places up to half of all the under-25s are without work

Coalminers went on a three-week march to the capital to protest over subsidy cuts



Leaving the city of Castellon, the road signs point towards the new international airport, and after 25 miles one duly arrives at a sleek concrete and glass terminal, built on an otherwise barren stretch of land beside the motorway.

The grand vision of Carlos Fabra, a charismatic regional politician who promised that the airport would attract 600,000 passengers a year — transforming this underdeveloped stretch of the Costa del Azahar on Spain’s east coast into a holiday Mecca — it was opened amid great fanfare 15 months ago. Approaching the main entrance, however, it becomes clear that something has gone very wrong here.

Though all the facilities are ready — the control tower, the baggage reclaim, check-in desks and restaurants — the runway is empty and the skies above are eerily silent.



Scroll down for video

Bloody bitterness: A protester is led away by police in Madrid yesterday



Protest: Coal miners arrive in Madrid on the last day of their 'Marcha Negra', or Black March Price of protest: Olvidio Gonzalez, 67, a retired miner from Asturias, is helped by friends after been hit in his leg by a rubber bullet in yesterday's clashes The grand vision of Carlos Fabra, a charismatic regional politician who promised that the airport would attract 600,000 passengers a year — transforming this underdeveloped stretch of the Costa del Azahar on Spain’s east coast into a holiday Mecca — it was opened amid great fanfare 15 months ago.

No plane has ever landed or taken off at Castellon, and it is possible none will. Maintenance staff and security guards patrol a perimeter fence cordoned with blue police tape.



One of 24 such regional air terminals built during Spain’s boom years as monuments to the vanity and hubris of powerful local bigwigs such as Fabra, it cost a cool £120 million.

A further £25 million was spent on promoting it, including £2million handed to the local first division football team, Villarreal, for wearing the airport’s logo on their shirts.

The Spanish aviation authority hasn’t granted permission for flights to operate here, and in any case, no airline has shown the slightest interest.

Thus, the only work in progress is a garish 80ft bronze sculpture being erected at the entrance, in the image of its vainglorious founding father Senor Fabra (now facing charges of bribery in an unrelated affair).



That will cost local taxpayers a further £240,000. You really couldn’t make it up.

Monument to folly: The Cuidad Real International Airport stands deserted after closing in April 2012, when all scheduled flights ceased to operate to or from it

Hubris: The was completed in 2009 at a cost of 1.1billion euros - but a lack of demand driven by Spain's economic crisis has forced it to close

Spain’s economy is in such dire straits that this week eurozone ministers agreed a series of emergency measures — including a €30 billion loan and giving the country more time to cut its budget deficit — to try to avert total collapse.



In return, Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy has been forced to bring in an immediate VAT hike as well as cuts in local authority budgets. And while EU officials welcomed the developments, police fired rubber bullets to quell demonstrations yesterday as thousands protested in Madrid against government-imposed austerity.

During recent days I have driven the length and breadth of Spain trying to fathom why the eurozone’s fourth-biggest economy has failed so disastrously, and how the beleaguered Spanish people are faring as they teeter on the edge of the financial abyss.

The answer smacks you squarely between the eyes not only in Castellon, but in almost every town and city, for this country has more white elephants than the average Delhi souk.

Trek: Striking miners from the north of Spain arrived in Madrid after traveling 400 km on foot, on Wednesday to protest against the reduction of public aid decided by the government

Crackdown: Riot police armed with rubber bullets confront demonstrators during the march to the Ministry of Industry building in Madrid

My 500-mile journey has taken me from the stifling Costa Blanca, with its endless blocks of unsold holiday apartments, through once-thriving communities where lines of grim- looking men snake around the job-centres, to the mountainous fringes of the Bay of Biscay — scene of an increasingly violent pit strike that, I was warned, could yet light the fuse for a nationwide wave of civil disturbance.

Crossing the vast, burnished wheat plains, and passing ripening vineyards and citrus orchards, Spain often seemed to be meandering along much as always. Stop and strike up a conversation, however, and you realise that this timeless idyll is an illusion.

The prevailing mood was at times so mournful and the scenes so depressing it was difficult to believe this was, barely five years ago, the most vibrant nation on the Continent, and in the midst of a vast construction boom.

In parks and town squares these days, huddles of young people mill around aimlessly with nowhere to go and nothing to do. In some places, up to half of all the under-25s are without work, and without hope of finding it in the foreseeable future. They will become Spain’s lost generation.

Demonstrators throw stones at riot policemen during a miners' demonstration in Madrid yesterday

Sipping her afternoon coffee on a shady terrace in the village of Villarroya de la Sierra, Aragon, grocery store proprietor Belen Soler, 46, told me wistfully her oldest son, aged 20, was among them.

‘This used to be a prosperous region producing wonderful cherries and almonds, and there was work for everyone,’ she said. ‘Now when a job is advertised at the town hall, which is rare, 25 people are in the queue.’

Business after business, shop after shop, is boarded up. Houses have been abandoned and the keys handed to the banks. Building sites appear frozen in time, with rusting cranes and bulldozers, and heaps of bricks and slates crumbling in the sun.

There is an all-pervading air of inertia and torpidity. Away from the teeming resorts, Spain is always sleepy at this time of year but now it has lapsed into a deep, seemingly irreversible coma.

The great construction bubble having burst, no region is without its abandoned follies.

Surely the biggest of them all lies in a town called Sesena, half-an-hour south of Madrid, where a dubious, self-made developer, Francisco Hernando, promised to create ‘the Manhattan of la Mancha’: a vast residential and leisure complex for professional types who couldn’t afford to live in the capital.

Under threat: The miners say industry subsidy cuts will harm their communities

Fury: Demonstrators shout slogans condemning recent austerity measures announced by the Spanish government

Had Hernando’s pipedream been realised, more than 25,000 people would now live in 13,000 apartments in eight-storey blocks overlooking a lake named after his wife, Ana.

However, though a two-bedroom home can now be bought here for £60,000 — less than a third of the original asking price — it is flyblown and deserted.



In one 580-apartment block there is just a single resident: a security guard who couldn’t resist the bargain basement prices.

Thousands of these toxic flats are now in the hands of banks that had no choice but to reclaim them.

Hernando, who once epitomised the fabulous spoils of Spain’s fiesta years, rising from a Madrid slum to bestride a £500 million empire with a fleet of yachts and a private jet, has reportedly upped sticks and moved his business to New Guinea.

Juxtapose this mad extravagance with the many and varied indignities being forced on the Spanish public almost daily, as wages and pensions are slashed, house prices plunge into freefall and the swingeing, EU-enforced cuts package hits public services, schools and hospitals, and you can begin to feel their pain.



And you can understand their dangerously simmering sense of injustice, that they are reaping the bitter harvest of a disaster not of their making.

In Madrid, the proposed economic measures range from reducing daily dustbin collections to stopping free sex-change operations for transsexuals (not before time, some say).



In Valencia, the most hard-up province (and that is saying something), children must bring their own toilet-rolls and soap to school along with their exercise books.

Needing to be heard: The miners have walked for nearly three weeks under a blazing sun from the pits where they eke out a living

Spain's economy is in such dire straits that this week eurozone ministers agreed a series of emergency measures - including a 30billion euro loan and giving the country more time to cut its budget deficit - to try to avert total collapse

Meanwhile, class sizes are increasing; hospitals cannot pay for patients’ drugs; and, as elsewhere across the country, old-age pensioners must pay up to £48 for previously free medicine.

So who is to blame? The answer emerged — or at least a large part of it — when I spoke to Eda Beaumont, a 61-year-old British expat who lives just outside Alicante on the Costa Blanca.



Two years ago, with her 60th birthday approaching, the sports therapist from London started making plans to swap her holiday home for a smarter, more spacious property where she and her partner would spend their retirement.

To maximise their purchasing power, they decided to invest her £50,000 nest-egg in a secure account offering generous short-term interest — and where better than her friendly local savings bank in Alicante, the Caja de Ahorras del Mediterraneo (CAM)?

One of 44 such institutions then dotted around Spain, its history dated back to the mid-1800s. During the past decade, however, ‘the CAM’ had become a major player in the construction boom, funding many of the lavish developments transforming the landscape: the tower blocks, shopping malls, golf courses, motorways and airports.

And Eda was delighted with the bank’s offer. Not only would she receive a handsome 7.3 per cent interest rate, but she was assured she could withdraw her savings without penalty whenever she chose.

When she attempted to do so last summer, only to be told she would have to wait weeks because there were insufficient funds, the precariousness of the nation’s fourth-biggest savings bank started to become apparent.

She says: ‘I didn’t hit the panic button because I just thought this was Spain, and I knew how it worked.’

In recent weeks, however, the appalling recklessness — and allegedly criminal chicanery — of CAM’s executives has emerged, and Ms Beaumont has come to realise that she didn’t really know how the Spanish banking system operated at all.

Demonstrators and the riot police clash during the march to the Minister of Industry's building in Madrid

Crisis: Up to half of all the under-25s are without work, and without hope of finding it in the foreseeable future

Nor, it seems, did the vast majority of ordinary Spaniards, millions of whom also ploughed their hard-earned savings into these seemingly solid, regional High Street banks controlling half of Spain’s entire finance sector.

Today just 11 of 45 branches remain, and the catastrophic story behind their demise (very belatedly being probed by anti-corruption investigators) is a parable for the appalling mismanagement and rampant corruption that helped precipitate La Crisis, as the Spanish have dubbed their economic Armageddon.

Under arcane regulations, they were run not by experienced independent bankers, but local politicians and their cronies, whose decisions were vetted by ‘depositors’ representatives’: laymen who knew nothing about finance.



During the boom years, this allowed them to splash out their customers’ cash with abandon, and left them wide open to criminality involving kickbacks, bribery and the like.

Walkway to nowhere: A partially completed walkway at the Cuidad Real International Airport

The Bank of Spain recently branded the CAM, which was taken over six months ago for a nominal €1 fee by the Banco Sabadell, as ‘the worst of the worst’.



The way it operated would be hilarious were it not for the anguish it has caused. For among the savers’ representatives co-opted to rubber-stamp complex multi-million-pound decisions were a supermarket check-out assistant, a dancing teacher and a university psychologist.

‘I was never told there were problems, or that we were in crisis,’ the ballet mistress explained lamely a few days ago, during an inquiry in Valencia probing the bank’s failure.

With this kind of ‘supervision’, one sees how, just two days before it crashed, the savings bank was able to lend £200 million to Valencia’s near-penniless regional government.

One understands, too, why many financial experts believe even a proposed £80 million EU bailout may no longer be enough to save Spain’s sandcastle banks from total collapse, bringing the euro down with them.

As for Eda Beaumont, with a hollow laugh she reveals that instead of getting her savings back, she is being offered shares in the bank’s new owner worth only a fraction of what she invested.

Needless to say, like scores more British expats, she has rejected the proposed deal, preferring to fight her case in the courts.

Clashes: Riot police lined the streets during the coalminers' demonstration yesterday

A man argues with riot police after violence broke out during the coal miners demonstration yesterday

But of course, their hardship pales alongside that of the millions of decent, hard-working Spaniards now being made to suffer for the greed, hubris and criminal dishonesty of those who caused La Crisis: the bankers, developers and politicians running its 17 autonomous regions.

For now, the Spanish are accepting their punishment with characteristic stoicism, but one senses their patience is wearing mighty thin — that there is only so much of this that they will take.

And if, as some fear, the powder keg explodes as it has during prolonged rioting in Greece, history might remember that the fuse was lit — as so often at times of strife — by the militant coalminers.

More than a month ago, 8,000 pitmen — many in the Asturias region of northern Spain — walked out in protest at the government’s decision to cut the subsidy that keeps the unprofitable mines running — part of the brutal, but now vital austerity package.

As I saw, at dawn each morning they also block the motorway to Madrid by starting fires in the tunnels and dragging trees across the lanes, raining the Civil Guard with rocks and mortar-launched fireworks when they try to clear the route.

At one mine, outside Mieres, pickets have vented their feelings by stringing up an eerily lifelike effigy of Prime Minister Rajoy from the pithead tower.

‘Our government should help its own people,’ angry union official Jose Luis Villares told me. ‘If they don’t do that soon, and other industries are betrayed, as we have been, the protests could soon spread and the people will support them because they are angry.’

Last month, another outbreak of serious civil unrest exploded, this time in the northern city of Oviedo, where riot police were pelted with missiles and drenched with water poured from the windows of an apartment block as they tried to evict a young couple with a three-month-old baby.



They were behind with their mortgage repayments, and all pleas to their bank had fallen on deaf ears.

Now Spain’s miners, in the country’s equivalent of Britain’s Jarrow March of 1936 when the unemployed of the North-East marched in protest to London, have brought their own demonstration to Madrid where they were joined yesterday by numerous protesters and police firing rubber bullets.