Ach, N. (1910). Über den Willensakt und das Temperament [About the act of will and temperament]. Leipzig: Quelle und Meyer.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.

Brassard, A., Lussier, Y., & Shaver, P. R. (2009). Attachment, perceived conflict, and couple satisfaction: Test of a mediational dyadic model. Family Relations, 58, 634–646. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2009.00580.x.

Brehm, J. W. (1975). Research on motivational suppression [Grant Proposal]. Lawrence: University of Kansas.

Brehm, J. W. (1999). The intensity of emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 2–22. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0301_1.

Brehm, J. W., & Brummett, B. H. (1998). The emotional control of behavior. In M. Kofta, G. Weary, & G. Sedek (Eds.), Personal control in action (pp. 133–154). New York: Plenum.

Brehm, J. W., Brummett, B. H., & Harvey, L. (1999). Paradoxical sadness. Motivation and Emotion, 23, 31–44. doi:10.1023/A:1021379317763.

Brehm, J. W., & Miron, A. M. (2006). Can the simultaneous experience of opposing emotions really occur? Motivation and Emotion, 30, 13–30. doi:10.1007/s11031-006-9007-z.

Brehm, J. W., Miron, A. M., & Miller, K. (2009). Affect as a motivational state. Cognition and Emotion, 23, 1069–1089. doi:10.1080/02699930802323642.

Brehm, J. W., & Self, E. A. (1989). The intensity of motivation. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 109–131. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.40.020189.000545.

Brehm, J. W., Wright, R. A., Solomon, S., Silka, L., & Greenberg, J. (1983). Perceived difficulty, energization, and the magnitude of goal valence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 21–48. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(83)90003-3.

Brummett, B. H. (1996). The intensity of anger. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas.

Brunell, A. B., Pilkington, C. J., & Webster, G. D. (2007). Perceptions of risk in intimacy in dating couples: Conversation and relationship quality. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26, 92–119. doi:10.1521/jscp.2007.26.1.92.

Campbell, L., Simpson, J.A., Boldry, J., & Kashy, D. A. (2005). Perceptions of conflict and support in romantic relationships: The role of attachment anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 510–531. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.510.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Cohen, J. (1990). Things I have learned (so far). American Psychologist, 45,1304–1312. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.45.12.1304.

Dill, J. (1997). Paradoxical anger: Investigations into the emotional and physiological predictions of Brehm’s theory of emotional intensity. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri, Columbia.

Driscoll, R. (2014). Commentary and rejoinder on Sinclair, Hood, and Wright (2014): Romeo and Juliet through a narrow window. Social Psychology, 45, 312–314. doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000203.

Driscoll, R., Davis, K. E., & Lipetz, M. E. (1972). Parental interference and romantic love: The Romeo and Juliet effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 1–10. doi:10.1037/h0033373.

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191. doi:10.3758/BF03193146.

Felmlee, D. (2001). No couple is an island: A social network perspective on dyadic stability. Social Forces, 79, 1259–1257. doi:10.1353/sof.2001.0039.

Felmlee, D., Sprecher, S., & Bassin, E. (1990). The dissolution of intimate relationships: A hazard model. Social Psychology Quarterly, 53, 13–30. doi:10.2307/2786866.

Fishbein, M., Hennessy, M., Yzer, M., & Curtis, B. (2004). Romance and risk: romantic attraction and health risks in the process of relationship formation. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 9, 273–285. doi:10.1080/13548500410001721846.

Fuegen, K., & Brehm, J. W. (2004). The intensity of affect and resistance to social influence. In E. S. Knowles & J. A. Linn (Eds.), Resistance and persuasion (pp. 39–63). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Gager, C. T., & Sanchez, L. (2003). Two as one? Couples’ perceptions of time spent together, marital quality, and the risk of divorce. Journal of Family Issues, 24, 21–50, doi:10.1177/0192513X02238519.

Gendolla, G. H. E., & Wright, R. A. (2016). Gathering the diaspora: Aims and visions for motivation science. Motivation Science, 2, 135–137. doi:10.1037/mot0000035.

Gonzaga, G. C., Keltner, D., Londahl, E. A., & Smith, M. D. (2001). Love and the commitment problem in romantic relations and friendship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 247–262. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.247.

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press.

Hillgruber, A. (1912). Fortlaufende Arbeit und Willensbetätigung [Continuos work and will activity]. Leipzig: Quelle und Meyer.

Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2014). Introduction to statistics in psychology (6th ed.). London: Pearson Education Ltd..

Karney, B., & Bradbury, T. (1995). The longitudinal course of marital quality and stability: a review of theory, methods, and research. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 3–34. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.118.1.3.

Kline, G. H., Stanley, S. M., Markman, H. J., Olmos-Gallo, P. A., St. Peters, M., Whitton, S. W., & Prado, L. M. (2004). Timing is everything: Pre-engagement cohabitation and increased risk for poor marital outcomes. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 311–318. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.2.311.

Lehmiller, J. J., & Agnew, C. R. (2006). Marginalized relationships: The impact of social disapproval on romantic relationship commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 40–51. doi:10.1177/014616720527871.

Levinger, G. (1999). Duty toward whom? Reconsidering attractions and barriers as determinants of commitment in a relationship. In W. H. Jones & J. M. Adams (Eds.). Handbook of interpersonal commitment and relationship stability (pp. 37–52). New York: Plenum.

McGue, M., & Lykken, D. T. (1992). Genetic influence on risk of divorce. Psychological Science, 3, 368–373. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00049.x.

Meuwly, N., & Schoebi, D. (2017). Social psychological and related theories on long-term committed romantic relationships. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 11, 106–120. doi:10.1037/ebs0000088.

Miron, A. M., Brummett, B., Ruggles, B., & Brehm, J. W. (2008). Deterring anger and anger-motivated behaviors. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 30, 326–338. doi:10.1080/0197353080250225.

Miron, A. M., Ferguson, M. A., & Peterson, A. (2011). Difficulty of refusal to assist the outgroup nonmonotonically affects the intensity of prejudiced affect. Motivation and Emotion, 45, 484–498. doi:10.1007/s11031-011-9220-2.

Miron, A. M., Knepfel, D., & Parkinson, S. K. (2009). The surprising effect of partner flaws and qualities on romantic affect. Motivation and Emotion, 33, 261–276. doi:10.1007/s11031-009-9138-0.

Miron, A. M., Parkinson, S. K., & Brehm, J. W. (2007). Does happiness function like a motivational state?. Cognition and Emotion, 21, 248–267. doi:10.1080/02699930600551493.

Miron, A. M., Rauscher, F. H., Reyes, A., Gavel, D., & Lechner, K. K. (2012). Full-dimensionality of relating in romantic relationships. Journal of Relationships Research, 3, 67–80. doi:10.1017/jrr.2012.8.

Monroe, S. M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (1999). Life events and depression in adolescence: Relationship loss as a prospective risk factor for first onset of major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 606–614. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.108.4.606.

Murray, S. L., Derrick, J. L., Leder, S., & Holmes, J. G. (2008). Balancing connectedness and self-protection goals in close relationships: A levels-of-processing perspective on risk regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 429–459. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.3.429.

Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Collins, N. L. (2006). Optimizing assurance: The risk regulation system in relationships. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 641–666. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.641.

Neff, L. A., & Karney, B. R. (2004). How does context affect intimate relationships? Linking external stress and cognitive processes within marriage. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 134–148. doi:10.1177/0146167203255984.

Pantaleo, G. (2011). Enjoying multiplicity: From familiarity to ‘multiple perspectives’. In M. Cadinu, S. Galdi, & A. Maass (Eds.), Social perception, cognition, and language in honour of Arcuri (pp. 51–65). Padua: Cleup.

Pantaleo, G., Miron, A., Ferguson, M., & Frankowski, S. (2014). Effects of deterrence on intensity of group identification and efforts to protect group identity. Motivation and Emotion, 38, 855–865. doi:10.1007/s11031-014-9440-3.

Parks, M. R., Stan, C. M., & Eggert, L. L. (1983). Romantic involvement and social network involvement. Social Psychology Quarterly, 46, 116–131. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3033848.

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 717–731. doi:10.3758/BF03206553.

Reysen, S., & Katzarska-Miller, I. (2013). Playing moderately hard to get. An application of Brehm’s emotion intensity theory. Interpersona, 7, 260–271. doi:10.5964/ijpr.v7i2.128.

Rhoades, G. K., Kamp Dush, C. M., Atkins, D. C., Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2011). Breaking up is hard to do: The impact of unmarried relationship dissolution on mental health and life satisfaction. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 366–374. doi:10.1037/a0023627.

Richter, M. (2013). A closer look into the multi-layer structure of motivational intensity theory. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7, 1–12. doi:10.1111/spc3.12007.

Richter, M. (2015). Goal pursuit and energy conservation: Energy investment increases with task demand but does not equal it. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 25–33. doi:10.1007/s11031-014-9429-y.

Richter, M. (2016). Residual tests in the analysis of planned contrasts: Problems and solutions. Psychological Methods, 21, 112–120. doi:10.1037/met0000044.

Richter, M., Brinkmann, K., & Carbajal, I. ((2016)). Effort and autonomic activity: A meta-analysis of four decades of research on motivational intensity theory. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 108, 34. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.113.

Richter, M., Gendolla, G. H. E., & Wright, R. A. (2016). Three decades of research on motivational intensity theory: What we have learned about effort and what we still don’t know. Advances in Motivation Science, 3, 149–186. doi:10.1016/bs.adms.2016.02.001.

Roberson, B. F., & Wright, R. A. (1994). Difficulty as a determinant of interpersonal appeal: A social-motivational application of energization theory. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 15, 373–388. doi:10.1207/s15324834basp1503_10.

Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R.L. (1985). Contrast analysis: Focused comparisons in the analysis of variance. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Rusbult, C. E. (1980). Commitment and satisfaction in romantic associations: A test of the investment model. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 172–186. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(80)90007-4.

Rusbult, C. E. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 101–117. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.1.101.

Rusbult, C. E., Agnew, C. R., & Arriaga, X. B. (2012). The investment model of commitment processes. In A. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 218–231). London: Sage.

Rusbult, C. E., & Buunk, B. P. (1993). Commitment processes in close relationships: An interdependence analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 175–204. doi:10.1177/026540759301000202.

Rusbult, C. E., Martz, J. M., & Agnew, C. R. (1998). The Investment Model Scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationships, 5, 357–391. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00177.x.

Schmitt, M. T., Miller, D. A., Branscombe, N. R., & Brehm, J. W. (2008). The difficulty of making reparations affects the intensity of collective guilt. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 11, 267–279. doi:10.1177/1368430208090642.

Silvia, P. J., & Brehm, J. W. (2001). Exploring alternative deterrents to emotional intensity: Anticipated happiness, distraction, and sadness. Cognition and Emotion, 15, 575–592. doi:10.1080/02699930125985.

Sinclair, H. C., & Ellithorpe, C. N. (2014). The new story of Romeo and Juliet. In C. R. Agnew (Ed.). Social influences on romantic relationships: Beyond the dyad (Advances in Personal Relationships) (pp. 148–170). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBo9781139333640.010.

Sinclair, H. C., Hood, K., & Wright, B. (2014). Revisiting the Romeo and Juliet effect (Driscoll, Davis, & Lipetz, 1972): Reexamining the links between social network opinions and romantic relationship outcomes. Social Psychology, 45, 170–178. doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000181.

Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290–312. doi:10.2307/270723.

Sprecher, S. (2011). The influence of social networks on romantic relationships: Through the lens of the social network. Personal Relationships, 18, 630–644. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01330.x.

Stanek, J. C., & Richter, M. (2016). Evidence against the primacy of energy conservation: Exerted force in possible and impossible handgrip tasks. Motivation Science, 2, 49–65.doi:10.1037/mot0000028.

VanderDrift, L. E., Agnew, C., & Wilson, J. E. (2009). Non-marital romantic relationship commitment and leave behavior: The mediating role of dissolution consideration. Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications. Paper 25. doi:10.1177/0146167209337543.

Wilkinson, L., & the Task Force on Statistical Inference—APA Board of Scientific Affairs. (1999). Statistical methods in psychology journals: Guidelines and explanations. American Psychologist, 54, 594–604. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.8.594.

Wright, H. F. (1937). The influence of barriers upon strength of motivation. Durham: Duke University Press.

Wright, R. A. (2008). Refining the prediction of effort: Brehm’s distinction between potential motivation and motivation intensity. Social and Personality Psychology Compass: Motivation and Emotion, 2, 682–701. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00093.x.

Wright, R. A. (2011). Motivational when motivational wasn’t cool. Chapter. In R. M. Arkin (Ed.), Most underappreciated: 50 prominent social psychologists describe their most unloved work. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wright, R. A. (2016). Motivation theory essentials: Understanding motives and their conversion into effortful goal pursuit. Motivation and Emotion, 40, 16–21. doi:10.1007/s11031-015-9536-4.