The contentious election of Donald J. Trump has inspired a record number of groups, from bikers to minority-rights activists, to make plans to arrive in Washington around the time of his inauguration on Jan. 20, either to target his administration or voice support for it.

The Women’s March on Washington and Bikers for Trump are among the groups organizing demonstrations outside the wide stretches of land, from the Lincoln Memorial to the Ellipse near the White House, that have been blocked off by the National Park Service for more than a year and are essentially on reserve for Mr. Trump’s inaugural committee.

“In a normal election cycle, we’ll see four or five First Amendment applications,” Michael Litterst, a spokesman for the National Park Service, said in an interview, referring to requests for demonstration permits. This year, there are 20.

Bikers for Trump, a group that previously gained notoriety for rallying at the Republican National Convention and promising extra security for Mr. Trump, is expecting 5,000 people to gather to celebrate. In a video posted to Facebook on Saturday, Chris Cox, the founder of the group, said that Bikers for Trump had received the “only pro-Trump permit issued” for the inauguration, and that attendees could park their bikes at John Marshall Park in downtown Washington.