The International Olympic Committee insisted that it retained the authority to decide who would be allowed to compete, regardless of the court’s decision.

“The result of the C.A.S. decision does not mean that athletes from the group of 28 will be invited to the Games,” it said. “Not being sanctioned does not automatically confer the privilege of an invitation.”

The sports court said it overturned the doping bans because “the evidence collected was found to be insufficient to establish that an antidoping rule violation was committed by the athletes concerned.”

The court found that 11 of the athletes had broken those rules, and upheld the ban on their competing in Pyeongchang, but it ruled that they could compete in future Olympics. Three appeals are pending, and one of the 43 athletes did not appeal the sanctions.

Russia celebrated the ruling. A state-backed sports broadcaster aired the nearly two-hour cross-country ski race won in 2014 by Alexander Legkov, one of the athletes whose appeal was upheld.

“We insisted from the very start that our athletes are not involved in any doping schemes, and, of course, we are now just happy that their honest name has been reinstated by court and all their awards have been returned to them,” said Alexander Zhukov, head of the Russian Olympic Committee.

“It proves our position that the vast majority of our athletes are clean,” Russian President Vladimir V. Putin said in televised comments from Rostov-on-Don. “We should also respect the side which we were in dispute with. That’s why there should not be any sense of euphoria from our side, we should be calm about it.”