Morgan Stanley building in New York Victor J. Blue | Bloomberg | Getty Images

By any measure, including their own third quarter financial reports, big U.S. banks are signaling the economy is on solid ground. And shares of these big banks jumped on Tuesday, suggesting investors are starting to believe them. The nation's four biggest lenders and its two major investment banks posted mostly better than expected results, citing an increase in revenue from advising companies on deals, lending to consumers and businesses, and managing investor money. Bank executives point to a good environment, in which consumers are spending and companies are investing. Goldman Sachs CFO Martin Chavez said Tuesday, "We remain cautiously optimistic, given active client dialogues, healthy economic growth and resilient investor sentiment."

Bank stocks reacted positively on Tuesday, led by Morgan Stanley, up nearly 6 percent, with Goldman up 3 percent and Bank of America and J. P. Morgan up over 2 percent. Yet, this has not been the case for most of the year as the market has singularly focused on rising interest rates. The fear played out last week, when major stock indexes erased 4 percent before a solid rebound Friday and Tuesday. Many bank stock investors seem to be asking whether and when rising rates will choke off economic activity, and bank profits along with it. "Bank stocks are acting as though there's a recession around the corner," said Michael Mayo, a bank stock analyst at Wells Fargo & Co. of the longer term trend. "Bank fundamentals say anything but." Goldman shares are down 14 percent year to date and Morgan Stanley's are down 13 percent, though both got a boost Tuesday after beating expectations for the third quarter. J, P. Morgan Chase shares are up just 1 percent this year, while fellow lending giant Bank of America is down 4 percent and Citigroup is down more than 6 percent. Wells Fargo shares are down 11 percent.

Gorman: 'Bewildering'

The KBW Bank index is also down about 6 percent since the beginning of January. "It's kind of a little bewildering against the backdrop of a very strong U.S. economy," said Morgan Stanley CEO James Gorman on Tuesday, in response to an analyst question about the firm's stock price this year. "We're overweight the U.S. and gaining share across each of the institutional businesses." Rising rates are both good and bad for banks: They boost profits from lending. But, when they get high enough, they tend to discourage companies and consumers from borrowing. There are other factors at play in the markets, however, including worries about trade skirmishes and political uncertainty. J.P. Morgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon raised concerns Friday that rising interest rates and geopolitical flareups could derail U.S. economic growth, but added that is not the case at the moment. "The economy is still very strong, and that's across wages, job creation, capital expenditure, consumer credit; it's pretty broad-based and it's not going to be diminished immediately," Dimon said in a media conference call following his bank's earnings report. "I was pointing out the probabilities that I thought were higher that rates would go up. I still believe that. I do think you're going to see higher rates."



J. P. Morgan's outlook for loan growth, at 6 percent to 7 percent, is about where it was in April. Analysts have expressed fear that lenders would start to show slowing loan growth. But bankers tried to temper those fears. Bank of America generated loan growth in the mid-single digits when the economy was expanding by 2 percent, and even if current economic growth above 3 percent slowed back down to that level, it could sustain that momentum, CEO Brian Moynihan said on a conference call with analysts on Monday. "We're comfortable in the 2 percent growth economy we can continue to do that."

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