The Munich conference provided Mr. Netanyahu with a timely opportunity to appear on the world stage in his preferred role as Israel’s security czar and chief guardian against Iran, just days after the Israeli police recommended that he be charged with bribery, fraud and breach of trust in two corruption cases.

The prime minister, who denies all wrongdoing, has responded by lashing out at his and Israel’s enemies and generally conducting his prime ministerial business as usual.

Mr. Netanyahu has long criticized the nuclear deal that was negotiated between Iran and the world’s biggest powers under President Barack Obama and has found an ally in President Trump, who has said he wants to scrap the pact.

On Sunday, Mr. Netanyahu used the conference venue in the Bavarian capital to draw an analogy between the Iran deal and the appeasement of Nazi Germany, associated with a treaty signed here on the eve of World War II.

The Iran deal, he said, had “unleashed a dangerous Iranian tiger in our region and beyond.”

He stopped short of equating Iran with Nazi Germany but drew many comparisons. “Let me be clear, Iran is not Nazi Germany,” he said. “There are many differences between the two,” he said, but, he noted, “there are also some striking similarities.”

He pursued the analogy later in the afternoon, when he visited a memorial to Israeli athletes who were killed by Palestinian terrorists during the 1972 Munich Olympics.

“There is special meaning to the fact that we are standing at the place where 11 of our athletes were murdered just because they were Jews and Israelis,” Mr. Netanyahu said. “Millions were slaughtered here just because they were Jews.”