Hermine Braunsteiner Ryan

The first suspected Nazi extradited by the US for a war crimes prosecution was convicted in 1973 in West Germany of multiple acts of murder while a guard at the Majdanek concentration camp. She chose inmates to send to the gas chamber and stomped an elderly woman to death. Released from jail in 1996 due to ill health, she died three years later age 79.

John Demjanjuk

The Ohio carworker was deported to Germany in 2009 and convicted in 2011 for aiding the deaths of more than 28,000 Jews as a guard at the Sobibor concentration camp. He died in a Bavarian nursing home in 2012 at age 91 while appealing. His conviction was unprecedented in German law as it was solely on the basis of serving as a camp guard, with no evidence he was involved in a specific killing.

Feodor (Fyodor) Fedorenko

Deported from the US to the Soviet Union in 1984 and executed by firing squad in 1987 at age 79. A Soviet court found the former Treblinka death camp guard guilty of treason, voluntarily joining the Nazis and participating in mass killings at the camp in Nazi-occupied Poland. Fedorenko fought a seven-year battle to remain in the US, where he had worked in a Connecticut factory before retiring to Miami Beach.

Karl Linnas

The concentration camp chief was stripped of his US citizenship and sent to the Soviet Union in 1987, where he had been convicted in absentia over the deaths of 12,000 people at the Tartu concentration camp in Nazi-occupied Estonia. Investigators said he ordered guards to fire on prisoners knelt beside ditches that became their graves. He died of heart failure before he could face a firing squad.

Arthur Rudolph

The Nazi rocket scientist was brought to the US after the war and played a role in the Apollo moon landings, for which Nasa awarded him a distinguished service medal. Decades later he was accused of working slave labourers to death in V-2 factories. He made settlement with the US in 1984, renouncing his citizenship and moving to West Germany, where he died in 1996 age 89.

Valerian (Viorel) Trifa

The former US archbishop of the Romanian Orthodox church, relinquished his US citizenship in 1980 after admitting he lied to immigration authorities to conceal pro-Nazi activities and moved to Portugal, where he died in 1987 age 72. Trifa was an ardent Nazi supporter who made anti-Jewish speeches as a member of a Romanian fascist group.

Associated Press