Billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk plans to be in attendance at President-elect Donald Trump’s meeting of tech-industry executives this Wednesday in New York, according to people familiar with the matter.

Mr. Musk is the chief executive of electric-car maker Tesla Motors Inc. and rocket company Space Exploration Technologies Corp., and is a close associate of Peter Thiel, the tech investor and entrepreneur that backed Mr. Trump during the campaign. Mr. Thiel sits on the transition team and is helping to organize this Wednesday’s meeting....