I will describe a decade-long, multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional effort spanning neuroscience, supercomputing and nanotechnology to build and demonstrate a brain-inspired computer and describe the architecture, programming model and applications. I also will describe future efforts in collaboration with DOE to build, literally, a “brain-in-a-box”. The work was built on simulations conducted on Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Dawn and Sequoia HPC systems in collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.