Summary: Evidence suggests new dog owners experience a reduction in negative mood and feelings of loneliness.

Source: University of Sydney

A new University of Sydney trial lends weight to the expression ‘man’s best friend,’ showing a sample of new dog owners saw a significant reduction in loneliness within three months of acquiring their pet.

The PAWS trial is a long-term Australian controlled study to look at dog ownership and mental wellbeing in the community, published today in BMC Public Health, followed a total of 71 Sydney-siders over an eight-month period.

It compared the mental wellbeing of new dog owners to those who intended to acquire a dog (but held off during the eight-month study period) and those who had no intention of owning a dog.

Key findings

The researchers from the University’s Charles Perkins Centre and RSPCA NSW found new dog owners self-reported lower levels of loneliness within three months of getting a dog, with the effect persisting to the end of the study.

They also found some evidence to suggest new dog owners experience a reduction in negative mood after acquiring a dog, such as being upset or scared. But, they saw no impact on psychological distress, which includes the symptoms associated with depression and anxiety.

With 39 percent of Australian households owning a dog, lead author Ms Lauren Powell said the small trial sheds light on the potential health benefits of dog ownership.

“Some previous research has shown that human to dog interactions can have benefits in settings like nursing homes using therapy dogs, however, there is very little research looking at the impact for every-day dog owners interacting with their dog at home,” said Ms Powell, PhD candidate in the Charles Perkins Centre.

“While we can’t pinpoint exactly how dog ownership positively affected mood and loneliness in our participants, many people in the study reported that they got to know others in their neighbourhood because of their new dog.

“We also know that short-term interactions with dogs improve mood so it may be that the regular occurrence of these interactions seen with dog ownership produced long-term improvements.”

The study design also allowed researchers to minimise the possibility that people who are thinking about getting a dog may already be experiencing better mental well-being.



Why are these findings important?

Senior author Professor Emmanuel Stamatakis from the Faculty of Medicine and Health said in today’s busy world many people have lost a sense of community and social isolation is increasing.

“If dogs can help people get out into their neighbourhoods more and to meet other people, this is a win-win,” said Stamatakis, Professor of Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Population Health in the School of Public Health.

“This is particularly important in older age when there is an increased risk of isolation and loneliness. It’s a major cardiovascular disease risk factor, it’s a major cancer risk factor, and it’s a major risk factor for depression.”

What are the next steps?

The researchers acknowledge that the findings contrast with earlier international studies and further larger-scale trials are needed to examine the intricacies of the relationship between dog ownership and human mental health.

“This is a new and emerging area of research, particularly given everyone’s relationship with their dog is so different,”

“Finding a way to assess that and take that into account is half the challenge.”

The group is also currently conducting parallel studies looking at the impact of dog ownership on the physical activity patterns of their owners.

In collaboration with the RSPCA NSW, the Dog Ownership and Human Health Research Node at the Charles Perkins Centre brings together experts in public health, physical activity and exercise, disease prevention, behaviour change, health psychology, human-animal interactions, and canine health.

Researchers hope the node will shed light on not only how dog ownership influences human health in the community, but also on how these benefits could be harnessed as part of the health care system.

Funding: This research was supported by a research donation provided by Ms Lynne Cattell [University of Sydney grant ID: 183100]. The donor had no involvement in the study design; collection, analysis and interpretation of data; writing of the report or the decision to submit the article for publication. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

About this neuroscience research article

Source:

University of Sydney

Media Contacts:

Ivy Shih – University of Sydney

Image Source:

The image is in the public domain.

Original Research: Open access

“Companion dog acquisition and mental well-being: a community-based three-arm controlled study”. Lauren Powell, Kate M. Edwards, Paul McGreevy, Adrian Bauman, Anthony Podberscek, Brendon Neilly, Catherine Sherrington & Emmanuel Stamatakis.

BMC Public Health doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7770-5.

Abstract

Companion dog acquisition and mental well-being: a community-based three-arm controlled study

Background

Dog ownership is suggested to improve mental well-being, although empirical evidence among community dog owners is limited. This study examined changes in human mental well-being following dog acquisition, including four measures: loneliness, positive and negative affect, and psychological distress.

Methods

We conducted an eight-month controlled study involving three groups (n = 71): 17 acquired a dog within 1 month of baseline (dog acquisition); 29 delayed dog acquisition until study completion (lagged control); and 25 had no intentions of acquiring a dog (community control). All participants completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale (possible scores 0–60), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Kessler10 at baseline, three-months and eight-months. We used repeated measures ANCOVAs to analyse data with owner age and sex included as covariates. Post-hoc tests were performed for significant effects (p Results

There was a statistically significant group by time interaction for loneliness (p = 0.03), with an estimated reduction of 8.41 units (95% CI -16.57, − 0.26) from baseline to three-months and 7.12 (95% CI -12.55, − 1.69) from baseline to eight-months in the dog acquisition group. The group by time interaction for positive affect was also significant (p = 0.03), although there was no change in the dog acquisition group.

Conclusions

Companion dog acquisition may reduce loneliness among community dog owners. Our study provides useful direction for future larger trials on the effects of dog ownership on human mental well-being.

Trial registration

This trial was retrospectively registered on 5th July 2017 with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000967381).

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