A week ago I have released the Ruby’s library called Iteraptor that allows easy handy iterating over cumbersome nested structures, consisting of any enumerables. This blog post announces it’s sibling for Elixir. I love the name, that’s why it’s also called Iteraptor .

TL;DR:

Iterating both maps and lists in Elixir is charming. One might chain iterators, map, reduce, filter, select, reject, zip… Everybody having at least eight hours of experience with Elixir has definitely seen (and even maybe written) something like this:

~ w | aleksei saverio | |> Enum . map ( & String . capitalize / 1 ) |> Enum . each ( fn capitalized_name -> IO . puts "Hello, #{ capitalized_name } !" end )

That is really handy. The things gets cumbersome when it comes to deeply nested structures, like a map having nested keywords, lists etc. The good example of that would be any configuration file, having nested subsections.

While Elixir provides helpers to update elements deeply inside such a term:

all the above would work if and only all the parent levels in the structure exist. The exception would be get_in/2 which is happily returning nil being asked for whatever inexisting.

The amount of questions on Stack Overflow asking “how would I modify a nested structure” forced me to finally create this library. The implementation in Elixir looks a bit more convoluted since everything is immutable and one cannot just traverse a structure down to leaves, modifying whatever needed in-place. The iteration-wide accumulator is required.

That is probably the only example I met in my life where mutability makes things easier. As a bonus the implementation of bury/4 to store the value deeply inside a structure, creating the intermediate keys as necessary, was introduced. It behaves as a proposed but rejected in ruby core Hash#bury .

So, welcome the library that makes the iteration of any nested map/keyword/list combination almost as easy as the natural Elixir map and each .

• Iteraptor

Features

Iteraptor.each/3 to iterate a deeply nested map/list/keyword;

to iterate a deeply nested map/list/keyword; Iteraptor.map/3 to map a deeply nested map/list/keyword;

to map a deeply nested map/list/keyword; Iteraptor.reduce/4 to reduce a deeply nested map/list/keyword;

to reduce a deeply nested map/list/keyword; Iteraptor.map_reduce/4 to map and reduce a deeply nested map/list/keyword;

to map and reduce a deeply nested map/list/keyword; Iteraptor.filter/3 to filter a deeply nested map/list/keyword;

to filter a deeply nested map/list/keyword; Iteraptor.to_flatmap/2 to flatten a deeply nested map/list/keyword into flatten map with concatenated keys;

to flatten a deeply nested map/list/keyword into flatten map with concatenated keys; Iteraptor.from_flatmap/3 to “unveil”/“unflatten” the previously flattened map into nested structure;

to “unveil”/“unflatten” the previously flattened map into nested structure; use Iteraptor.Iteraptable to automagically implement Enumerable and Collectable protocols, as well as Access behaviour on the structure.

Words are cheap, show me the code

Iterating, Mapping, Reducing

# each iex > %{ a: %{ b: %{ c: 42 }}} |> Iteraptor . each ( & IO . inspect / 1 , yield: :all ) # {[:a], %{b: %{c: 42}}} # {[:a, :b], %{c: 42}} # {[:a, :b, :c], 42} %{ a: %{ b: %{ c: 42 }}} # map iex > %{ a: %{ b: %{ c: 42 }}} |> Iteraptor . map ( fn { k , _ } -> Enum . join ( k ) end ) %{ a: %{ b: %{ c: "abc" }}} iex > %{ a: %{ b: %{ c: 42 }}} ...> |> Iteraptor . map ( fn ...> {[ _ ], _ } = self -> self ...> {[ _ , _ ], _ } -> "YAY" ...> end , yield: :all ) %{ a: %{ b: "YAY" }} # reduce iex > %{ a: %{ b: %{ c: 42 }}} ...> |> Iteraptor . reduce ([], fn { k , _ }, acc -> ...> [ Enum . join ( k , "_" ) | acc ] ...> end , yield: :all ) ...> |> :lists . reverse () [ "a" , "a_b" , "a_b_c" ] # map-reduce iex > %{ a: %{ b: %{ c: 42 }}} ...> |> Iteraptor . map_reduce ([], fn ...> { k , %{} = v }, acc -> { ​ { k , v }, [ Enum . join ( k , "." ) | acc ]} ...> { k , v }, acc -> { ​ { k , v * 2 }, [ Enum . join ( k , "." ) <> "=" | acc ]} ...> end , yield: :all ) { ​ %{ a: %{ b: %{ c: 42 }}}, [ "a.b.c=" , "a.b" , "a" ]} # filter iex > %{ a: %{ b: 42 , e: %{ f: 3.14 , c: 42 }, d: %{ c: 42 }}, c: 42 , d: 3.14 } ...> |> Iteraptor . filter ( fn { key , _ } -> :c in key end , yield: :none ) %{ a: %{ e: %{ c: 42 }, d: %{ c: 42 }}, c: 42 }

Flattening

iex > %{ a: %{ b: %{ c: 42 , d: [ nil , 42 ]}, e: [ :f , 42 ]}} ...> |> Iteraptor . to_flatmap ( delimiter: "_" ) #⇒ %{"a_b_c" => 42, "a_b_d_0" => nil, "a_b_d_1" => 42, "a_e_0" => :f, "a_e_1" => 42} iex > %{ "a.b.c" : 42 , "a.b.d.0" : nil , "a.b.d.1" : 42 , "a.e.0" : :f , "a.e.1" : 42 } ...> |> Iteraptor . from_flatmap #⇒ %{a: %{b: %{c: 42, d: [nil, 42]}, e: [:f, 42]}}

Extras

iex > Iteraptor . Extras . bury ([ foo: :bar ], ~w|a b c d|a , 42 ) [ a: [ b: [ c: [ d: 42 ]]], foo: :bar ]

In Details

Iterating

Iteraptor.each(term, fun/1, opts) — iterates the nested structure, yielding the key and value. The returned from the function value is discarded.

function argument: {key, value} tuple

tuple options: yield: [:all, :maps, :lists, :none] , :none is the default

, is the default return value: self

Mapping and Reducing

Iteraptor.map(term, fun/1, opts) — iterates the nested structure, yielding the key and value. The value, returned from the block should be either a single value or a {key, value} tuple.

function argument: {key, value} tuple

tuple options: yield: [:all, :maps, :lists, :none] , :none is the default

, is the default return value: mapped

Iteraptor.reduce(term, fun/2, opts) — iterates the nested structure, yielding the key and value. The value, returned from the block should be an accumulator value.

function arguments: {key, value}, acc pair

pair options: yield: [:all, :maps, :lists, :none] , :none is the default

, is the default return value: accumulator

Iteraptor.map_reduce(term, fun/2, opts) — iterates the nested structure, yielding the key and value. The value, returned from the block should be a {​{key, value}, acc} value. The first element of this tuple is used for mapping, the last—accumulating the result.

function arguments: {key, value}, acc pair

pair options: yield: [:all, :maps, :lists, :none] , :none is the default

, is the default return value: {mapped, accumulator} tuple

Filtering

Iteraptor.filter(term, filter/1, opts) — filters the structure according to the value returned from each iteration ( true to leave the element, false to discard.)

function argument: {key, value} tuple

tuple options: yield: [:all, :maps, :lists, :none] , :none is the default

, is the default return value: filtered

Flattening

Iteraptor.to_flatmap(term, opts) — flattens the structure into the flatten map/keyword, concatenating keys with a delimiter.

options: delimiter: binary(), into: term() , defaults: delimiter: ".", into: %{}

, defaults: return value: flattened

Iteraptor.from_flatmap(term, fun/1, opts) — de-flattens the structure from the flattened map/keyword, splitting keys by a delimiter. An optional transformer function might be called after the value is deflattened.

function argument: {key, value} tuple

tuple options: delimiter: binary(), into: term() , defaults: delimiter: ".", into: %{}

, defaults: return value: Map.t | Keyword.t | List.t