Hundreds of thousands are expected to flock to a mass led by Pope Francis in Madagascar’s capital on Sunday, as the pontiff caps off a two-day visit in which he implored Madagascans to protect their natural resources from over-exploitation.

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Sunday will mark the high point of Pope Francis' visit to Madagascar with a huge mass in the capital expected to be attended by some 800,000 faithful.

On Saturday, the pope opened a visit to the Indian Ocean nation by denouncing the illegal logging and exploitation of its unique natural resources and made a plea for the government to fight the corruption that is ravaging the island's environment and keeping its people in "inhumane poverty".

Francis urged President Andry Rajoelina to provide Madagascar's people with jobs and alternative sources of income so they aren't forced to cut down trees to find fertile soil, poach the island's wildlife and engage in contraband and illegal exportation of its diverse flora, fauna and mineral resources.

"The deterioration of that biodiversity compromises the future of the country and of the earth, our common home," Francis warned Rajoelina and other government authorities as he began the second leg of his weeklong trip to southern Africa.

Madagascar is home to 5% of the world's plant and animal species, with around 95% of its reptiles and 89% of its plant life existing nowhere else on Earth, according to the World Wildlife Fund. Yet it is also one of the world's poorest countries, with 75% of its 25.5 million people living on less than $2 a day.

Environmental groups and Transparency International have long highlighted the illegal logging of Madagascar's rosewood forests and other endangered tree species as evidence of the rampant corruption that has made multimillionaires out of a few "rosewood barons" who have plundered the island's northeastern forests.

"Your lovely island of Madagascar is rich in plant and animal biodiversity, yet this treasure is especially threatened by excessive deforestation, from which some profit," Francis said. He cited forest fires, poaching and the "unrestricted cutting down of valuable woodlands" as particular threats.

More so than any pope before him, Francis has made environmental concerns a pillar of his papacy, linking global warming to the persistent exploitation of the world's poor by the wealthy. He has issued an entire encyclical on the need to care for God's creation and next month will preside over a meeting of bishops from the Amazon, where an outbreak of rainforest fires have once again focused international attention on the need to preserve what he calls the "lungs of the planet."

Francis has also frequently called attention to the devastation wrought on the poor by corruption, often calling public officials to account on his foreign trips.

Transparency International, which ranks Madagascar among the most corrupt countries, has accused local public officials of complicity or negligence in the illegal logging, mining of gold and sapphires and the poaching of tortoises, turtles and exportation of lemurs.

In his speech Saturday, Francis urged Rajoelina, who came to power on a campaign to fight corruption, to make good on his pledges.

"I would encourage you to fight with strength and determination against all endemic forms of corruption and speculation that increase social disparity, and to confront the situations of great instability and exclusion that always create conditions of inhumane poverty," he said.

Francis, the world's first pope from the global south, acknowledged that some of the island's poor have no choice but to cut down forests to find soil or extract minerals in illegal ways that damage the environment.

"So it is important to create jobs and activities that generate income, while protecting the environment and helping people to emerge from poverty," he said.

Rajoelina promised to look out for the interests of all, especially the poor.

"In this place on this day, I confirm my will and my engagement to repair and rebuild Madagascar," he said. "I will pay attention to the weakest and the lowest. I will pay attention to justice and to equality, love and hope."

Among the groups trying to protect Madagascar's environment is Catholic Relief Services, the humanitarian arm of the U.S. bishops conference. The group has had a presence on Madagascar for five decades, and has focused much of its work on helping the rural poor find alternatives to cutting down trees for firewood or using slash and burn techniques to clear new land for agriculture.

"We work a lot to try to prevent that and work with farmers to help them with new techniques to kind of re-energize the soil so that they could use it again," said James Hazen, CRS country representative.

Philip Boyle, British ambassador to Madagascar, estimated that 200,000 hectares (about 495,000 acres) of forest a year are lost in Madagascar and by some projections most of the damp, moist forest will be lost by 2040.

"Unless there are measures to prevent mass deforestation and mass reforestation then possibly the most unique habitat on earth will be lost," he said on the sidelines of the pope's speech.

Francis met later Saturday with nuns and the island nation's bishops before presiding over an evening vigil with young people.

In his off-the-cuff remarks to a group of giggling nuns, the first Jesuit pope gave them advice about living in religious communities. He told them to speak up when there are problems and acknowledged that superiors can sometimes be the source of their problems.

"Not all prioresses are Nobel Prize winners for niceness," he quipped.

(FRANCE 24 with AP and AFP)

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