

International trekkers pass through a glacier at Mount Everest’s base camp in Nepal on Feb. 22, 2016. (Tashi Sherpa/Associated Press)

British mountaineer Tim Mosedale was descending Mount Everest’s treacherous Khumbu Icefall after a recent acclimatization run when he came across a large group of inexperienced climbers struggling with their gear. One even had his crampons on the wrong feet.

Such big groups, along with climbers trying to work without supplemental oxygen, are creating a potential “toxic mix” on the world’s highest peak this year, Mosedale, who has ascended Everest five times, wrote in a Facebook post April 27.

Nepal is bracing for a busy and potentially dangerous season on Mount Everest after the government issued a record number of permits to foreigners this year — 371, the most since 1953. Add to that the number of Nepali sherpa mountain guides, and the number soars to 800.

Officials said they expect “traffic jam”-like conditions on the icy slopes as mid-May approaches and the mountain’s formidable winds subside a bit, giving climbers a narrow window to try to reach the 29,029-foot summit.

“On average, every climbing season there are about three to four good days with appropriate weather conditions to allow a safe summit climb,” says Ang Tshering Sherpa, president of the Nepal Mountaineering Association. With 800 climbers attempting to summit within those few days, things could get problematic, he said.

Meanwhile, Everest Base Camp — the tent city where climbers live for several weeks to acclimatize themselves to the altitude — has continued to grow, with more trekkers and tourists flying in by helicopter for day trips, and some even indulging in champagne breakfasts with a view.



British DJ Paul Oakenfold braved thinning air and freezing temperatures to host the “highest party on Earth” at Everest Base Camp on April 11, playing for about 100 climbers, all in full mountain gear. (Anton Nelson/Agence France-Presse via Getty Images)

Safety is a constant topic in the gossip and rumors of the camp, which is home to more than 1,500 volunteer medics, staff members and mountaineers.

“We are of course worried about the high numbers,” said Mingma Tenzi Sherpa, a Nepali guide who has reached the summit of Everest six times and is now leading a team. He spoke by telephone. “Our discussions around base camp are often focused on the same issue: what to do if traffic-related problems occur.”

Last year, he said, he and his clients were delayed four hours on their way to the summit — including an hour waiting at the bottom of the famous “Hillary Step,” the nearly vertical wall of rock and ice named after Sir Edmund Hillary where climbers ascend on fixed ropes, one of the final challenges of the ascent.

At 28,900 feet, this is deep inside the Death Zone, where the thin air and high altitude can be especially dangerous.

Two of his clients eventually lost toes, the sherpa said, because of the chill they suffered during the wait, he said.

Already, one climber this season has died: Swiss rock climber and mountaineer Ueli Steck fell Sunday during a training run on a nearby peak.



Swiss climber Ueli Steck, pictured at the foot of a climbing wall in Wilderswil, Canton of Berne, Switzerland, fell to his death Sunday during a training run near Mount Everest. (Christian Beutler/Associated Press)

Dan Richards, the chief executive of Global Rescue, a travel risk management firm, said the number of rescues his travel risk management firm has handled this year involving climbers suffering acute mountain sickness has increased by more than 50 percent — 35 total, compared with 20 at the same time last year.

He thinks climbers rushing to beat the crowds before they are acclimatized may be exacerbating the problem.

At higher altitudes, the body receives less oxygen with each breath, so all physical tasks become harder. Symptoms of altitude sickness include confusion, impaired judgment, headaches, nausea and poor balance.

The heavy traffic on Everest is more than an annoyance; the waiting can actually be dangerous, said Kuntal Joisher, an Indian climber who reached the peak in 2016.

“Since you are moving slow and spending a lot of time waiting and standing still, there is a good chance that your body and its extremities would become cold and susceptible to frostbite,” he said. “The other problem is every minute spent waiting and walking behind extremely slow-moving traffic means your precious bottled oxygen is getting wasted.”

Concern over safety issues and environmental damage caused by growing crowds on Everest reached a crescendo in 2012, when a photo by a German mountaineer of a “human snake” of some of the 600 climbers trudging toward the summit on one day attracted worldwide attention. Eleven people died on the mountain that year, including three Nepali guides.

But twin tragedies — the death of 16 sherpas from falling ice in 2014, followed by the earthquake-triggered avalanche in 2015 that killed 18 people — dealt a blow to the industry, which is a huge part of Nepal’s tourism economy.



Rescuers use a makeshift stretcher to carry an injured person after an avalanche triggered by an earthquake flattened parts of Everest Base Camp in 2015. (Roberto Schmidt/Agence France-Presse via Getty Images)

Everest permits alone are bringing in an estimated $4.5 million, with additional income to hotels, guides, porters and transportation companies, said Alan Arnette, a Colorado climber and Everest blogger.

In 2015, the government proposed measures to make climbing safer, including requiring climbers to qualify first on a “smaller,” 21,000-foot mountain, and banning those younger than 18 and older than 75.

But these have to be approved by cabinet vote or by amending existing laws, and that has yet to happen.

“Today, a lot people across the world think that anyone with no skills and experience can climb Everest — that it’s become a walk in the park,” Joisher said.

Gowen reported from New Delhi.

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