Soho is an area of the City of Westminster and part of London’s West End. Soho’s Berwick Street Market is one of the oldest markets dating back to 1778. Before World War I, two rival gangs led by Chan Nan and Eddie Manning, controlled drugs and prostitution in Soho. For much of the 20th century Soho had a reputation as an entertainment district, sex industry, and nightlife.

After the 1980s, Soho had undergone a considerable transformation, and now it is predominantly a fashionable district of upmarket restaurants and media offices. In 2019, Soho was reported to be the unhealthiest place to live in Britain. Researchers from the University of Liverpool found that the area had the greatest access to takeaways, pubs, and off-licenses, and these were combined with high levels of air pollution and low levels of parks and green spaces.