LXSH - Lexing & Syntax Highlighting in Lua

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LXSH is a collection of lexers and syntax highlighters written in Lua using the excellent pattern-matching library LPeg. Several syntaxes are currently supported: Lua, C, BibTeX and shell script. The syntax highlighters support three output formats: HTML designed to be easily embedded in web pages, LaTeX which can be used to generate high quality PDF files and RTF which can be used in graphical text editors like Microsoft Word and LibreOffice (formerly OpenOffice). Three predefined color schemes are included. Here are some examples of the supported input languages, output formats and color schemes:

Earendel Slate Wiki Lua: HTML · PDF · RTF HTML · PDF · RTF HTML · PDF · RTF Lua (interactive prompt): HTML · PDF · RTF HTML · PDF · RTF HTML · PDF · RTF C: HTML · PDF · RTF HTML · PDF · RTF HTML · PDF · RTF BibTeX: HTML · PDF · RTF HTML · PDF · RTF HTML · PDF · RTF Shell script: HTML · PDF · RTF HTML · PDF · RTF HTML · PDF · RTF

As you may have noticed in the above examples, the syntax highlighters replace standard library identifiers (and then some) with hyperlinks to the relevant documentation. You can also try switching between style sheets while staying on the same web page by using your web browser’s View → Page styles menu (this works using so-called “alternate style sheets”).

The easiest way to download and install LXSH is using LuaRocks:

$ luarocks install lxsh

If you don’t have LuaRocks installed you can download the latest release directly from GitHub as a ZIP archive. To install create an lxsh directory in your $LUA_PATH and copy the contents of the src directory from the ZIP archive to the lxsh directory so that you end up with the following structure:

$LUA_PATH/lxsh/init.lua

$LUA_PATH/lxsh/lexers/*.lua

$LUA_PATH/lxsh/highlighters/*.lua

$LUA_PATH/lxsh/formatters/*.lua

$LUA_PATH/lxsh/colors/*.lua

$LUA_PATH/lxsh/docs/*.lua

If you want to call a lexer or access an LPeg pattern defined by a lexer you can do so as follows (this example demonstrates the Lua lexer but the other lexers work the same way):

> -- Load the LXSH module. > require 'lxsh' > -- Run the lexer on a string of source code. > for kind , text , lnum , cnum in lxsh.lexers.lua.gmatch 'i = i + 1

-- example' do >> print ( string.format ( ' %s : %q ( %i : %i )' , kind , text , lnum , cnum ) ) >> end identifier : "i" ( 1 : 1 ) whitespace : " " ( 1 : 2 ) operator : "=" ( 1 : 3 ) whitespace : " " ( 1 : 4 ) identifier : "i" ( 1 : 5 ) whitespace : " " ( 1 : 6 ) operator : "+" ( 1 : 7 ) whitespace : " " ( 1 : 8 ) number : "1" ( 1 : 9 ) whitespace : "

" ( 1 : 10 ) comment : "-- example" ( 2 : 1 ) > -- Use one of the patterns defined by the lexer. > lxsh.lexers.lua.patterns.comment : match '--[=[ this is a long comment ]=]'

Note that you only need to load the main LXSH module with require() , the lexer and highlighter submodules are automatically loaded as they’re first used. Lexers define the following functions:

lexer.find(subject [, init [, options ]]) takes a string and optional starting position, matches a single token (anchored) and returns two values: the token kind and the last matched character

takes a string and optional starting position, matches a single token (anchored) and returns two values: the token kind and the last matched character lexer.match(subject [, init [, options ]]) takes a string and optional starting position, matches a single token (anchored) and returns two values: the token kind and the matched text

takes a string and optional starting position, matches a single token (anchored) and returns two values: the token kind and the matched text lexer.gmatch(subject [, options]) returns an iterator that produces four values on each iteration: the kind of token (see below), the matched text, the starting line number and the starting column number (line and column numbers start at 1)

When options is given it should be a table of options that can be used to configure lexers. Currently only one option is defined: When you pass join_identifiers=true to the Lua lexer, expressions like io.write will be matched as a single identifier instead of the sequence (identifier io , operator . , identifier write ).

The syntax highlighters can be used as follows:

> print ( lxsh.highlighters.lua ( "require 'lpeg'" , { formatter = lxsh.formatters.html , external = true } ) ) < pre class = "sourcecode lua" > < a href = " http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#pdf-require " class = "library" > require < / a > < span class = "constant" > 'lpeg' < / span > < / pre >

You can customize the output of the highlighters by passing a table with one or more of the following options:

encodews : Instruct the HTML highlighter to replace newlines with <br> elements and ordinary spaces with non-breaking spaces so that whitespace is preserved when the highlighted code isn’t embedded in a <pre> block

: Instruct the HTML highlighter to replace newlines with elements and ordinary spaces with non-breaking spaces so that whitespace is preserved when the highlighted code isn’t embedded in a block external : By default the HTML highlighter generates inline CSS which makes it easier to use the output directly but it also bloats the size significantly. If you want to reduce the size and don’t mind including an external style sheet you can set this option to true . You’ll need to make sure the required styles are loaded, e.g. by embedding the output of lxsh.highlighters.html.preamble(preferred, includeswitcher) in the <head> of your HTML document (the preferred argument indicates the default style sheet and if you pass includeswitcher as true then an interactive style sheet switcher using JavaScript is included)

: By default the HTML highlighter generates inline CSS which makes it easier to use the output directly but it also bloats the size significantly. If you want to reduce the size and don’t mind including an external style sheet you can set this option to . You’ll need to make sure the required styles are loaded, e.g. by embedding the output of in the of your HTML document (the argument indicates the default style sheet and if you pass as then an interactive style sheet switcher using JavaScript is included) colors : The color scheme to use, one of the following: lxsh.colors.earendel based on the Vim color scheme Earendel by Georg Dahn (this is the default) lxsh.colors.slate based on the Vim color scheme Slate by Ralph Amissah lxsh.colors.wiki based on the style of the lua-users wiki

: The color scheme to use, one of the following:

# Tokens produced by the lexers

The Lua lexer produces the following tokens:

comment

constant ( true , false and nil )

, and ) error (invalid input)

identifier

keyword

number

operator

string

whitespace

The C lexer produces the following tokens:

comment

character (literals like 'C' )

) string (literals like "Lua" )

) error (invalid input)

identifier

keyword

number

operator

preprocessor

whitespace

The BibTeX lexer produces the following tokens:

entry (e.g. @Book )

) field (e.g. author )

) identifier

string

number

operator

delimiter

whitespace

error (invalid input)

The shell script lexer produces the following tokens:

comment

number

string

variable

operator

keyword

command

error (invalid input)

If you have questions, bug reports, suggestions, etc. the author can be contacted at peter@peterodding.com. The latest version is available at http://peterodding.com/code/lua/lxsh/ and http://github.com/xolox/lua-lxsh.

This software is licensed under the MIT license.

© 2011 Peter Odding <peter@peterodding.com>.