Facebook has been criticised for its role in changing the news business, public opinion and social interaction Credit:Bloomberg We asked nine technologists, academics, politicians and journalists to propose the steps they would take to improve Facebook - as a product, a company or both. Their responses, edited slightly for length and clarity, are below. 1. Jonathan Albright, Research director at Columbia University's Tow Center for Digital Journalism. With a recent Facebook change that algorithmically prioritises "reactions" in the news feed over the standard "like," the company appears to be pushing further into the realm of emotion-centred engagement.

Criticism of Facebook and its founder, Mark Zuckerberg, is easy to come by; solutions aren't as clear. Credit:New York Times As they stand, and especially with algorithmic reinforcement, "reactions" and "likes" are like megaphones for echo chambers and news outrage. The single most important step Facebook - and its subsidiary Instagram, which I view as equally important in terms of countering misinformation, hate speech and propaganda - can take is to abandon the focus on emotional signalling as engagement. This is a tough proposition, of course, as billions of users have been trained to do exactly this: "react." What if there were a "trust emoji"? Or respect-based emojis? If a palette of six emoji-faced angry-love-sad-haha emotional buttons continues to be the way we engage with one another - and how we respond to the news - then it's going to be an uphill battle.

Stop hiding behind bromides like "we are not a media company." That makes us think you don't understand you have a serious set of problems that need fixing. Vivian Schiller Negative emotion, click bait and viral outrage are how the platform is "being used to divide." Given this problem, Facebook needs to help us unite by building new sharing tools based on trust and respect. 2. Kevin Kelly, Co-founder of Wired magazine. Facebook should reduce anonymity by requiring real verification of real names for real people, with the aim of having 100 per cent of individuals verified. Companies would need additional levels of verification, and should have a label and scrutiny different from those of people. (Whistleblowers and dissidents might need to use a different platform.)

Facebook could also offer an optional filter that would keep any post (or share) of an unverified account from showing up. I'd use that filter. 3. Ro Khanna, Democrat representing California's 17th Congressional District, which includes sections of Silicon Valley. Ultimately, whether from tech companies or Congress, what people want is more transparency. Facebook should expand on its Hard Questions blog to explain how its news feed algorithms work, how it uses data in targeting and how it makes decisions about third-party verification and removing offensive content. It should make it simple for users to provide feedback and be responsive to their concerns. The company also should make its executives readily available to the press, and they should spend time on Capitol Hill to explain their decision-making.

Everyone understands that new technology platforms are not perfect and that bad actors find ways to abuse them. The key is for Facebook to be upfront about technical challenges, open about its mistakes and willing to answer the tough questions honestly. If it does that, it will continue to earn the public's trust. 4. Kate Losse, Early Facebook employee who recounted her time at the company in her book, "The Boy Kings: A Journey Into the Heart of the Social Network." It would be interesting if Facebook offered a "vintage Facebook" setting that users could toggle to, without News Feed ads and "like" buttons. (Before "likes," users wrote comments, which made interactions more unique and memorable.) A "vintage Facebook" setting not only would be less cluttered, it would refocus the experience of using Facebook on the people using it, and their intentions for communication and interaction. Somehow, no matter how "smart" the Facebook algorithms and behind-the-scenes data processing get, the site felt more engaging as a tool for human communication when interaction was primarily driven by what users wanted to do and say, rather than where the algorithms want people to look.

5. Alice Marwick, Assistant professor of communication at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Facebook should allow users to sort their news feed chronologically by default on all platforms, rather than rely on an algorithmically sorted News Feed. This would increase the diversity of items in the News Feed, and would make it more likely that users were exposed to people and information that didn't support their own confirmation bias. It should also greatly increase the human oversight of ad targeting systems - specifically, oversee algorithmically generated categories (rather than basing them solely on user-inputted interests). Political and interest-based advertising should be under much stricter scrutiny than, say, the advertising of T-shirts or hair products. 6. Ellen Pao, chief diversity and inclusion officer at the Kapor Center for Social Impact and a former chief executive of Reddit. Facebook needs to replace its focus on engagement quantity with interaction quality. To really do that means replacing at least half of the leadership team and board with underrepresented people of colour who are informed and value diversity and inclusion - and, as my colleague Freada Kapor Klein suggested, have journalistic principles.

At Reddit, I was able to effect positive, lasting change (at least according to this research) to content quality and interaction quality by building a diverse executive team. 7. Eli Pariser, Chief executive of Upworthy and author of "The Filter Bubble." Facebook should open itself up for independent research. Right now, Facebook is a black box: It's very difficult, and in many cases impossible, for researchers to independently look at behaviour on the platform. While opening private data to research creates risks, there's a ton of explicitly public data on the platform that Facebook makes difficult to query at scale. Facebook could also open up many of the tools advertisers currently use for free use by research scientists. It would be a bold move for transparency, and one that would help us understand much better what's happening on the world's most important social platform. And it'd be wise to do this before regulators forced them to.

The company should also optimise for "time well spent." Facebook's greatest superpower is figuring out how to eat as much of our attention as possible. But as Tristan Harris and others have pointed out, that attention often doesn't yield much - leaving us poorly informed and feeling worse about ourselves. Instead of measuring clicks and likes, what if Facebook optimised for how much value an article or video or game gave us weeks or months afterward? The company could survey of the kinds of content we've spent the most time on, and ask us which gave us the most and least value, as a way to balance our impulsive present selves with our greater aspirations. 8. Vivian Schiller, Adviser and former news executive at NPR, NBC News and Twitter.

The single most important thing Facebook must do is come clean. Tell us what you know. Tell us what you know but can't share. Tell us what you don't know. And tell us what you don't know that you don't know. Stop hiding behind bromides like "we are not a media company." That makes us think you don't understand you have a serious set of problems that need fixing. Coming clean may not be the only thing, and may not be the main thing, but it's the first thing. 9. Tim Wu, Professor at Columbia Law School and author of "The Attention Merchants: The Epic Scramble to Get Inside Our Heads." Facebook should become a public benefit corporation. These companies must aim to do something that would aid the public, and board members must also take that public benefit into account when making decisions. Mark Zuckerberg has said that Facebook's goals are "bringing us closer together" and "building a global community."

Worthy, beautiful goals, but easier said than done when Facebook is also stuck delivering ever-increasing profits and making its platform serve the needs of advertisers. What if Facebook were actually free to do what it says it wants to? What if it didn't need to devote so much energy to the evil sides of the business, whether catering to filter bubbles, addicting and manipulating users, seizing data, bending over backward for advertisers and destroying competitors? Loading As a nonprofit or public benefit corporation (like Kickstarter), Facebook could be a much better institution. It could shed its "two masters" dilemma, truly pursue its lofty goals and become a firm of which its users and the world could actually be proud. New York Times