The Numbers Explanation sources

2 Two Attachments 1. attachments which are inborn, instinctive (sahaja)

2. attachments which are acquired from reasoning

and discrimination (vikalpita) Luk4

2 Two Admonitions of the Buddha

(Lotus Sutra) (J. nika-no-kangyo) 1. the enlightenment of Devadatta (hence, evil people can become Buddhas

2. the enlightenment of the dragon king's daughter (hence, women can become Buddhas) Soka Gakkai

2 Two Gates of Meaning 1. the absolute (silence)

2. the relative (speech) Leighton

2. Two Hindrances to Enlightenment 1. hindrance of knowledge

2. hindrance of passion Chung-yuan

2 Two Principals of Karmic Retribution 1. good and evil deeds produce happiness and suffering

2. results return to none other than the performer of the deeds Yuichi

2 Two Teachings and Five Periods

of Hui-kuan 1. sudden teachings (avatamsakasutra)

2. gradual teachings: a) the distinct teachings of the three vehicles (prajnaparamitrasutra)

b) the pervasive teaching of the three vehicles (vimalakirtinirdesa and bramaavisecainipariprccha)

c) the restraining and praising teaching (Perfection of Wisdom)

d) the identical-goal teaching (Lotus Sutra)

e) the teaching of eternal abiding (Nirvana Sutra) Yoshizu

2 Two Truths on Three Levels common truth 1. being

2. both being and non-being

3. both being and non-being and neither being nor non-being higher truth 1. non-being

2. neither being nor non-being

3. both not being and not non-being and neither not being nor not non-being Chung-yuan

2 Two Types of Icchantikas 1. those who are momentarily lacking the parinirvana-dharma

2. those who are indefinitely so lacking Buswell

2 Two Vehicles 1. Buddhist disciples

2. self-enlightened sages Cleary & Cleary

3 Three Bases of Buddha Nature 1. the true basis (real nature; Buddha nature)

2. basis of understanding (wisdom)

3. basis of conditions (practice) Cleary & Cleary

3 Three Baskets (of scriptures)

(Skt. tripitaka; Pali. tipitaka) 1. Vinaya-pitaka: origin of the sangha; rules for monks and nuns

2. Sutra-pitaka: discourses of the Buddha

3. Abhidharma-pitaka: writings and discourses on Buddhist psychology and philosophy Shambhala

3 Three Bodhisattvas 1. Manjushiri (wisdom)

2. Samantabhadra (practice)

3. Kuan-yin (compassion) Watson

3 Three Bodies of the Buddha

(Trikaya) 1. dharmakaya (body of essence; body of the Law)

2. sambhogakaya (body of bliss, purity)

3. nirmanakaya (body of magical transformation) Chung-yuan

3 Threefold Delusion 1. active at present

2. innate

3. force of habit Chung-yuan

3 Three Entrances to Liberation see Three Meditations

3 Three Essentials 1. deed

2. word

3. thought Luk3

3 Three Falls of Ts'ao Shan 1. being a water buffalo: fall of an ascetic

2. not accepting food: fall of the precious

3. not cutting off sound and form: fall according to kind Cleary & Cleary

3. Threefold Cessation of Chih-i 1. cessation as realizing emptiness

2. cessation as realizing expedient conditions

3. cessation as an end to both discriminatory extremes Swanson

3 Threefold Contemplation of Chih-i 1. contemplating the real (conventional reality)

2. contemplating the unreal (emptiness)

3. contemplating neither the real nor unreal; contemplating both the real and unreal (the Middle Way) Chung-yuan

3 Threefold Training (trisiksa) 1. training in moral discipline (shila)

2. training in the mind (samadhi)

3. training in wisdom (prajana) Shambhala

3 Threefold Truth of Chih-i 1. emptiness; no substantial being = supreme truth

2. convential, dependent co-arising phenomena = worldly truth

3. affirmation of emptiness and convential truth = Middle Way Swanson

3 Three Gates to Nirvana 1. voidness

2. formlessness

3. inactivity Luk

3 Three Gates of the Yun Men Sect 1. What contains and includes the universe?

2. What stops the flow of reincarnation?

3. What is the state of one wave follwoing another?

Luk3

3 Three Greatnesses of Asvaghosa 1. ti: substance

2. hsiang: appearance

3. yung: function Chung-yuan

3 Three Ignorances of the Arahat

(of Vasubandhu) 1. the eighteen special (avenika) dharmas of the Buddha which are extremely subtle (paramasuksma)

2. the infinite variety of gross and subtle material aggregates (paramanusancita) that are distant in place

3. those that are remote in time (viprakrstakala) Jaini

3 Three Indestructibles 1. infinite body

2. endless life

3. boundless spiritual possessions Luk

3 Three Jewels; Three Treasures

Three Refuges

Threefold Refuge (J. sambo;

Skt. triratna; Pali. tisarana ) 1. Buddha

2. Dharma

3. Sangha

3 Three Learnings of the Mahayana 1. learning of the precepts

2. learning meditation

3. learning wisdom Yuichi

3 Three Liberations (vimosksha) 1. recognition of ego and all dharmas as empty

2. recogniction of all dharmas as formless and without distinctions

3. recognition of existence as unworthy of desire (suffering) Shambala

3 Three Meditations 1. meditation of emptiness (sunyata)

2. signlessness (animitta): noncognition

3. wishlessness (apranihita): freedom from desire; nonattachment Yuichi

3 Three Mysteries of Rinzai Zen

(J. sangen) 1. mystery within the body

2. mystery within words

3. mystery within mystery Hori

3 Three Natures of Yogacara Reality 1. the imagined (parikalpa)

2. the dependent (paratantra)

3. the perfected (parinispanna) Gregory

3 Three Necessities of Rinzai Zen

(J. san'yo) 1. great root of faith

2. great ball of doubt

3. great overpowering will Hori

3 Three Part Robe (of a Buddhist monk or nun) (trichivara) 1. undergarment wrapped about loins and thigh (antara-vasaka)

2. overgarment (uttarasanga)

3. cloak (sanghati) Shambhala

3 Three Phases of Buddhist Teachings

of Pai Chang 1. detachment from everything

2. not abiding in detachment

3. not having any understanding of non-abiding

(non-awarness of non-duality) Cleary & Cleary

3 Three Phases of Understanding

a kung an 1. seeing its intent

2. practical application

3. transcendence Cleary & Cleary

3 Three Phrases Within

a Phrase of Yun Men 1. cutting off the stream

2. covering heaven and earth

3. going along with the waves Cleary & Cleary

3 Three Pillars of Tibetan Buddhism 1. rules of discipline (vinaya)

2. teachings of Nagarjuna

3. teachings of Asanga Shambhala

3 Three Pillars of Zen 1. teaching

2. practice

3. enlightenment Kapleau

3 Three Poisons 1. desire

2. anger

3. stupidity (ignorance) Luk

3 Three Qualities of the Body of Reality see Three Bases

3 Three Realms of Hell 1. fire

2. blood

3. knives Burton

3 Three Seals 1. sealing mud: for the sort that considers something has been attained and leaves traces

2. sealing water: for whom something is attained but leaves no traces

3. sealing space: for superior ones who attain and leave no trace

Cleary & Cleary

3 Three Sovereigns 1. Fu Hsi (J. Fushi)

2. Nu Wa (J. Joga)

3. Shen Nung (J. Shinno) Hori

3 Three Stages on

the Path of Purification 1. sila: moral conduct and character

2. smadhi: mental concentration

3. panna: liberating knowledge of human existence King

3 Three Subdivisions of Suffering 1. suffering that consists of suffering (duhkha-duhkhata)

2. suffering that consists in being compounded ( samskara-duhkhata)

3. sufferng that consists in transformation (viparinama-duhkhata) Griffiths

3 Three Teachings of Ancient China 1. Taoism

2. Confusianism

3. Buddhism Lai

3 Three Thrones of the Buddha 1. lion throne

2. lotus throne

3. Mount Meru Shambhala

3 Three Treatises of Kumarajiva

(Sun-lun) 1. the Middle Way (Chung lun; Madhyamika Sastra by Nagarjuna)

2. Twelve Gates (Shih-erh men lun; Dvadasanikaya Sastra by Nagarjuna)

3. the one hundred verses (Po lun; Sata Sastra by Aryadeva) Chung-yuan

3 Three Unwholesome Roots 1. desire

2. hatred

3. delusion Shambhala

3 Three Vehicles (triyana) 1. sravakas

2. pratyekabuddhas

3. bodhisattvas Gregory

3 Three Virtues 1. dharmakaya (the essence of the universe; the dharma; the law)

2. prajna (wisdom)

3. moksa (enlightenment) Chung-yuan

3 Three Vehicles 1. sravakayan: understanding the truth of the Buddha teachings

2. pratyekabuddhayana: understanding the truth through self-awakening

3. bodhisattvayana: understanding the highest level of wisdom (bodhi) Chung-yuan

3 Three Wholesome Roots

(kusalamula) 1. nongreed (alobha)

2. nonhatred (advesa)

3. nonignorance (amoha) Buswell

3 Triple World

(Trailokya; Triloka) 1. kamadhatu: realm of sensuous desire

2. rupadhatu: realm of form

3. arupadhatu: formless realm of pure spirit Chung-yuan

3 Three Woeful Paths 1. hell beings

2. hungry ghosts

3. animals

see also Four Evil Forms of Being Shambhala

4 Four Alternatives 1. being

2. non-being

3. both being and non-being

4. neither being nor non-being Chung-yuan

4 Four Applications of Mindlfulness

(see also Four Mindfulnesses) 1. mindfulness of body

2. mindfulness of feeling

3. mindfulness of thoughts

4. mindfullness of all things Tanahashi

4 Four Bodhisattva Actions

(catuh-samgraha-vastu) 1. dana: giving to others; charity

2. priyavacana: affectionate speech

3. arthakrtya: conduct profitable to others

4. samanarthata: cooperation with others; adaptation of oneself to others Luk

4 Four Buddha Realms

(Buddha-ksetra) 1. realm where all classes dwell (Buddha, disciples, outsiders, men, etc)

2. temporary realm where inhabitants are free of unenlightened thoughts but will be reborn

3. realm of reward, for Bodhisattvas

4. realm of stillness and illumination, the abode of Buddhas Luk4

4 Four Certainties

of a Buddha

(vaisharadya) 1. perfect enlightenment is irreversible

2. all defilements are exhausted

3. all obstacles have been overcome

4. the way of abandoning has been proclaimed Shambhala

4 Four Deva Kings

Four Guardians of the Dharma

Four Maharajas

(Lokapala)

1. Dhritarashtra (eastern guardian; Upholder of the Nation)

2. Virupaksha (western guardian; Wide-Eyed)

3. Vaishravana (northern guardian; Hearer of Many Teachings)

4. Virudhaka (southern guardian; Increase and Growth) Soka Gakkai

4 Four Dharmadhatu 1. the phenomenal realm, with differentiation

2. the noumenal realm, with unity

3. the realm of the interdependence of the phenomenal and noumenal

4. the realm of the phenomenal which are also interdependent Luk4

4 Four Evil Forms of Being

(apaya) 1. hell beings

2. hungry ghosts

3. animals

4. titans Shambhala

4 Four False Notions of the Hinayana 1. illusion that there is a real self (ego) in the five skandhas

2. that this personality is is different from beings on other paths

3. that all beings have an ego born of the five skandhas

4. that the ego has a determined or fated period of life Luck2

4 Fourfold Dharmadhatu of Hua-yen 1. the world of shih (events, appearance, particularity)

2. the world of li (reality, universality)

3. the world of li and shih perfectly interfused

4. the world of perfect mutual solution between shih and shih Chung-yuan

4 Fourfold Relationship Between Questioner and Answerer

(ssu pin chu; from Lin-chi) 1. pin chien chu: guest sees host

2. chu chien pin: host sees guest

3. chu chien chu: host sees host

4. pin chien pin: guest sees guest Chung-yuan

4 Four Formless Meditations

(catur-arupya-samapatti) 1. dwelling in spheres of ethereal infinity

2. infinity of consciousness

3. nothingness

4. neither ideation nor non ideation Pande

4 Four Fruits of the Way (shika)

see also Four Knowledges of Sainthood 1.stream enterer

2. once returner

3. never returner

4. arahat who has no more need to study Tanakashi

4 Four Great Vows 1. though the many beings are numberless, I vow to save them

2. though greed, hatred and ignorancess rise endlessly, I vow to cut them off

3. though the dharma is vast and fathomless, I vow to understand it

4. though Buddha's way is beyond attainment, I vow to embody it fully Diamond Sangha

4 Four Graces 1. grace of parents

2. grace of all beings

3. grace of the Ruler

4. grace of Triratna (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha) Chung-yuan

4 Four Gross Components 1. earth

2. water

3. fire

4. air

4 Four Infinite Minds see Four Sublime Attitudes (brahma-vihara)

4 Four Jhanas (four stages of the Buddha's enlightenment) 1. First Meditation: initial and discoursive thoughts; born of aloofness; rapturous and joyful

2. Second Meditation: devoid of initial and discoursive thoughts; born of concentration; rapturous and joyful

3. Third Meditation: dwelling in equanimity, attentiveness and clear consciousness; joy

4. Fourth Meditation: neither joy nor anguish; purification by equanimity and mindlfulness, without defilements; mind becoming fixed and immovable Pande

4 Four Jhanas of Samkya Yoga 1. free from passions and evil thoughts but in possession of thought and pleasure born from discrimination

2. cessation of movement of thought; rapturous pleasure born of concentration

3. elimination of rapture but physical pleasure remains

4. all pleasure ceases; even-minded concentration remains Pande

4 Four Kalpas 1. the kalpa of creation

2. the kalpa of continuance

3.the kalpa of decline

4. the kalpa of disintegration Soka Gakkai

4 Four Kinds of Samadi of Chih-i

(sui-tzu-i) 1. constantly sitting (ch'ang-tso-san-mei)

2. constantly walking (ch'ang-hsing san-mei)

3. part walking, part sitting (pan-hsing pan-tso san-mei)

4. neither walking nor sitting (fei-hsing fei-tso san-mei) Stevenson

4 Four Knowledges of Sainthood (arahatship) see also

Four Fruits of the Way 1. free from affectation and affliction

2. pure conduct

3. accomplishment of what was to be done

4. free from further existence in the profane state Cleary & Cleary

4 Four Levels of the Two Truths

of Chi-tsang 1. being (yu) = worldly truth (samvrtisatya)

non-being (wu) = real/supreme truth (paramarthasatya)

2. duality of being and emptiness = worldly truth (samvrtisatya)

neither being nor non-being = real/supreme truth (paramarthasatya)

3. affirmation and denial of being and non-being = worldly truth

transcendence of all dualities = real/supreme truth (paramarthasatya)

4. all three levels above = worldly truth (samvrtisatya)

beyong verbalization; beyond conceptualization = real/supreme truth (paramarthasatya)

Swanson

4 Four Mindfulnesses 1. the body (kaya)

2. affective sensation (vedana)

3. the mind (citta)

4. doctrinal formulas (dharma) Griffiths

4 Four Modes of Birth 1. from the womb

2. from the egg

3. from moisture

4. from transformation of forms Chung-yuan

4 Four Noble Truths

(catvariarya-satyani) 1. All existence is suffering (duhkha)

2. There is a cause for suffering (samudaya)

3. There is an end to suffering (nirodha)

4. The Eightfold Noble Path as the means to end suffering (marga)

4 Four Offerings 1. food

2. clothes

3. bedding

4. medicine Tanahashi

4 Four Perfect Exertions

(samyak-prahanani) 1. exertion of restraint

2. exertion of overcoming unwholesomeness

3. exertion of developing wholesomeness

4. exertion of maintaining wholesomeness Shambhala

4 Four Phases

of a Thought of Chih-i 1. pre-thought [not yet thinking] (wei-nien)

2. imminent thought [being about-to-think] (yu-nien)

3. the thought proper [actually thinking] (cheng-nien)

4. completed thought [having thought] (nien-i) Swanson

[Stevenson]

4 Four Phrase Essence

of the Lotus Sutra 1. all the doctrines possessed by the Thus Come One

2. all the freely exercised supernatural powers of the Thus Come One

3. the storehouse of all the secret essentials of the Thus Come One

4. all the most profound matters of the Thus Come One Soka Gakkai

4 Four Processes of Liberation from Subjectivity and Objectivity

(ssu liao chien; from Lin-chi) 1. tuo jen pu tuo ching: take away the man but not his objective situation

2. tuo ching pu tuo jen: take away the objective situation but not the man

3. jen ching chu tuo: take away both the man and the situation

4. jen ching chu pu tuo: take away neither the man nor the situation Chung-yuan

4 Four Propositions of Ching-yuan 1. body shows land

2. land shows body

3. body and land show each other at once

4. no sign of body or land Cleary

4 Four Propositions of Nagarjuna 1. identity

2. difference

3. negation

4. affirmation Hori

4 Four Repudiations of the Truth

(tetralemma) 1. to assert definitely that things exist

2. that they do not exist

3. that they both exist and do not exist

4. that they neither exist nor do not exist Cleary

4 Four Right Efforts

(shi shogon) 1. discard wrongdoings that have arisen

2. prevent the arising of unarisen wrongdoings

3. develop unarisen good actions

4. augment arisen good actions Tanahashi

4 Four Sacred Mountains (of China) 1. Wu-t'ai-shan

2. P'u-t'o-shan

3. O-mei-shan

4. Chiu-hua-shan Shambhala

4 Four Shouts of Lin-chi 1. to cut off a student's thoughts

2. to scare away all perverted views

3. to see the students' reaction and discover their shortcomings

4. to awaken the fully aroused potentiality of students Luk3

4 Four Sublime Attitudes

(brahma-vihara) 1. loving kindness to all (metta)

2. compassion to all (karuna)

3. limitless joy over the salvation of others (mudita)

4. limitless equanimity to friend or foe (upeksha) Shambhala

4 Four Stages of Formlessness (arupasamadhi) 1. stage of limitlessness of space (akasha)

2. stage of limitlessness of consciousness (vijnana)

3. stage of nothing whatever

4. stage of beyond awareness and non-awareness Shambhala

4 Four Stages of the Dharma 1. the opening up of the Enlightened One's wisdom

2. the revelation of the Enlightened One's wisdom

3. the awakening to the Enlightened One's wisdom

4. the entry into the Enlightened One's wisdom Luk4

4 Four Stages of

Spiritual Development 1. realisation of the noble truth of suffering

2. one who will have but one more birth

3. one who will not be reborn again

4. arahant Pande

4 Four Teachings of the Buddha 1. sudden (direct) teaching

2. gradual teaching

3. secret teaching

4. indeterminate teaching Watson

4 Four Turnings of the

Wheel of Dharma of Tao-sheng 1. the dharma wheel of goodness and purity

2. the dharma wheel of expedient means

3. the dharma wheel of truth

4. the dharma wheel without residue Yoshizu

4 Four Upside -down Views 1. permanence (nicca)

2. bliss (sikha)

3. self-hood (atta)

4. purity (subha) Gregory2

4 Four Wisdoms of the Buddha 1. great mirror wisdom

2. wisdom of equality

3. profound observing wisdom

4. perfecting wisdom Luk4

4 Four Ways of Living Like Brahma 1. friendliness (maitri)

2. compassion (karuna)

3. sympathetic joy (mudita)

4. equanimity (upeksa) Griffiths

5 Five Aggrates

Five Skandhas

(pancaskandhas) 1. rupa: material element

2. vedana: sensation

3. samjna: perception

4. samskara: formative principal

5. vijanana: consciousness Chung-yuan

5 Five Bikkhus

(first converts of the Buddha) 1. Ajnata-Kaundinya (Ajnata-Kondanna) [first Buddhist monk]

2. Bhadrika (Bhaddiya)

3. Asvajit (Assaji)

4. Vaspa (Vappa)

5. Mahanaman (Mananama) Schumann

5 Five Clusters see 5 Skandhas

5 Five Commandments 1. abstain from killing

2. abstain from stealing

3. abstain from adultery

4. abstain from lying

5. abstain from intoxicating liquors Chung-yuan

5 Five Confrontations of the Natural Phenomena of the External World of the Platform Sutra 1. heaven and earth

2. sun and moon

3. darkness and light

4. yin and yang

5. water and fire Yampolsky

5 Five Eyes (Eyesight) of the Buddha 1. physical eyes

2. divine eyes (perception of divine beings)

3. wisdom eyes (perception of the two vehicles Sravakas and Pratyekabuddhas)

4. Dharma eyes (perception of the bodhisattvas)

5. Buddha eyes (perception of the Buddha) Swanson

5 Five Expedient Methods

(of dhyana) (Wu fang-pien men) 1. freezing the mind dhyana (ning-hsin ch'an)

2. subduing the mind dhyana (chih-hsin ch'an)

3. true essence dhyana (t'i-chen ch'an)

4. expedient methods for conforming to circumstances dhyana (fang-pien sui-yuan ch'an)

5. eliminitating the distinctions of the two extremes dhyana

(hsi erh-pien fen-pieh ch'an) Chappell

5 Five Expedient Means

of nien-fo Samadhi 1. calling the Buddha's name to attain rebirth in the Pure Land

2. visualizing the form of the Buddha to eradicate sins

3. realizing that all items of perception are mind-only

4. transcending both the mind and its objects of perception

5. the perfect understanding of nature origination Chappell

5 Five Fetters (samyojana)

(see also Ten Fetters) 1. belief in individuality (drishti)

2. scepticism (vichikitsa)

3. clinging to rites and rules

4. craving or desire (trishna, kama)

5. hatred

Shambhala

5 Fivefold Cause and Effect cause and effect in terms of:

1. object of belief

2. differentiation

3. equality

4. accomplishment of practice

5. entry of realization Cleary

5 Fivefold Dharmakaya 1. above all moral conditions

2. tranquil and apart from false ideas

3. wise and omniscient

4. free, unlimited and unconditioned

5. perfect knowledge of 4 above Luk4

5 Fivefold Method of Commentary

on a Sutra (T'ien T'ai School) 1. explanation of the title

2. definition of its body or substance

3. determining its principle

4. consideration of its function or applicability

5. ascertaining its teaching Luk4

5 Five Forms of Sentient Life see Five Modes of Existence

5 Five Guides for Propagating

Buddhism of Nichiren (J. go-ko) 1. the teaching

2. the people's capacity

3. the time

4. the country

5. the sequence of propagation. Soka Gakkai

5 Five Hellish Sins 1. patricide

2. matricide

3. murder of an arhat

4. injury to a buddha

5. creating a schism in the sangha Shambhala

5 Five Hindrances (nivarana) 1. desire (abhidya)

2. ill will (pradosha)

3. sloth and topor (styana and middha)

4. restlessness and compunction (anuddhatya and kaukritya)

5. doubt (vichikitsa) Shambhala

5 Five Houses of Zen (Ch'an) 1. House of Igyo (Igyo; Kuei-yang)

2. House of Rinzai (Linji; Lin-chi)

3. House of Soto (Caodong; Ts-ao-tung)

4. House of Ummon (Ummon; Yun-men)

5. House of Hogen (Fayan; Fa-yen) Dumoulin

5 Five Levels of Achievement

(from Tung-shan) 1. subjectivity

2. objectivity

3. non-action (from which action emerges)

4. interfusion of action and non-action

5. freedom from both action and non-action Chung-yuan

5 Five Levels of Discernment Vijnaptimatrata of K'ui-chi 1. dismissing the false, preserving the real (ch'ien-hsu ts'un-shi)

2. relinquishing the diffuse, retaining the pure (sh-lan liu-ch'un)

3. gathering in the extensions, returning to the source (she-mo kuei-pen)

4. suppressing the subordinate, manifesting the superior (yin-lueh shien-shen)

5. dismissing the phenomenal aspects, realizing the true nature (ch'ien-hsiang cheng-hsing) Sponberg

5 Five Meditations on

Stopping the Mind

(J. gojoshin-kan) 1. meditation on the vileness of the body

2. meditation on compassion

3. meditation on dependent origination

4. meditation on the correct discernment of the phenomenal world

5. breath-counting meditation Soka Gakkai

5 Five Modes of Existence (gati)

(see also Six Levels

of Reincarnation) 1. hell

2. hungry ghosts

3. animals

4. human beings

5. devas Shambhala

5 Five Mountain Monasteries

of China 1. Wanshou Monastery, Mt. Jing

2. Lingyin Monastery, Mt. Bei

3. Jingde Monastery, Mt. Taibo

4. Jingci Monastery, Mt. Nan

5. Guangli Monastery, Mt. Ayuwan Tanahashi

5 Five Periods (of the Buddha's Teachings) 1. Flower Garland period (3 weeks)

2. Agama period (12 years)

3. Vaipulya period (8 years)

4. Wisdom period (22 years)

5. Lotus and Nirvana period (8 years) Soka Gakkai & Ikeda

5 Five Periods of Impurity

(five kasaya) 1. the kalpa in decay, suffers deterioration giving rise to

2. deterioration of view, egoism arises

3. passions and delusions of desire, anger, stupidity, pride and doubt arise

4. resulting in increase in misery, decrease in happinness

5. span of human life gradually decreases to ten years Luck2 (Diamond Sutra)

5 Five Points of Mahadeva arahats may have

1. passions

2. ignorance

3. doubt

4. need to recieve instructions from others

and

5. the Path may be attained by a sudden shout Pande

5 Five Positions of Prince and Minister (master & servant; lord & vassal)

of Tung Shan 1. real and the seeming

2. body and function

3. principle and activity

4. absolute and relative

5. noumenon and phenomenon Luk3

5 Five Ranks of the

House of Tsao-tung 1. the real containing the seeming

2. the seeming containing the real

3. resurgence of the real

4. the seeming uniting with the real

5. integration of the real and the seeming

(see also Five Ranks)

Dumoulin

5 Five Relations Between

Universality and Particularity

of Tung-shan (J. goi) 1. particularity in universality

2.universality in particularity

3. enlightenment emerging from universality

4. enlightenment emerging from particularity

5. enlightenment achieved between universality and particularity Chung-yuan

5 Five Sections of the Pali Cannon (agama) 1. digh-nikaya; dirghama (long discourses)

2. majjhima-nikaya; madhyamagama (medium discourses)

3. smyutta-nikaya; samyuktagama (grouped, connected discourses)

4. anguttara-mikaya; ekottaragama (numerical discourses)

5. khuddaka-nikaya; ksuddakagama (division of smaller books) Cheng

5 Five Skandhas

(aggrates of attachment) 1. rupa: material element [form]

2. vedana: sensation

3. samjna: perception

4. samskara: formative principal [mental formations]

5. vijanana: consciousness Chung-yuan [Shambhala]

5 Five Stages of the

Emergence of Thought 1. the desires of the mundane world

2. discrimination of opposites arising from thoughtless states

3. idles thoughts leading to more of the same

4. shameful thoughts upon realization that one's previous thoughts have been idle

5. quietude where one is free from thoughts of desire, discrimination, idleness, shame Chung-yuan

5 Five Taste Zen of Guifeng Zongmi 1. non-Buddhist

2. ordinary people

3. Hinayana

4. Mahayana

5. Supreme-vehicle (Bodhidharma's Zen) Tanahashi

5 Five Temptations (panca-kelsa) 1. desire

2. anger or resentment

3. stupidity or foolishness

4. arrogance

5. doubt Luck2

5 Five Types of Zen of Kuei-feng 1. bonpu (practice without religious motivation)

2. gedo (religious practice outside of Buddhist teachings)

3. shojo (Hinayana zen directed towards one's own inner peace)

4. daijo (Mahayana zen; actualization of the 'great way' of Buddhism)

5. saijojo (shikantaza; realization of the buddha-nature of all beings) Shambhala

5 Five (False) Views 1. one views one's mind and body as one's own possession

2. believing that life ends with death, or that life persists after death in some eternal and unchanging form

3. denial of the law of cause and effect

4. adhering to misconceptions and viewing them as truth, while regarding inferior views as superior

5. viewing erroneous practices or precepts as the correct way to enlightenment Soka Gakkai

5 Five Virtues 1. faith

2. mindfulness

3. energy

4. concentration

5. wisdom. Kaviratna

5 Five Watches of the Night 1. 7 to 9 pm

2. 9 to 11 pm

3. 11 to 1 am

4. 1 to 3 am

5. 3 to 5 am Luk4

5 Five Wisdoms of Mahavairochana 1. the wisdom of the essence of the phenomenal world

2. the great round mirror wisdom

3. the non-discriminating wisdom

4. the wisdom of insight into the particulars

5. the wisdom of perfect practice Soka Gakkai

6 Six Activities 1. walking

2. standing still

3. sitting

4. lying down

5. eating

6. speaking Stevenson

6 Six (Seven) Ancient Buddhas 1. Vipashyin

2. Shikin

3. Vishvabhu

4. Krakuchchanda

5. Konagamana

6. Kashyapa

(7. Shakyamuni) Shambhala

6 Six Consciousnesses

Six Dusts

Six Gunas (sense data)

Six Thieves 1. sight

2. hearing (sound)

3. smell

4. taste

5. touch

6. thought (dharma) Soka Gakkai (Luck2)

6 Six Difficult Acts

(of the Lotus Sutra) 1. to propagate the Lotus Sutra widely

2. to copy it or cause someone else to copy it

3. to recite it even for a short while

4. to teach it even to one person

5. to hear of and accept it and inquire about its meaning

6. to maintain faith in it. Soka Gakkai

6 Six Harmonies of the Sangha 1. corporal harmony (the same work)

2. verbal harmony (the same silence)

3. mental harmony (the same tolerance)

4. ethical harmony (the same practice)

5. ideological harmony (the same understanding)

6. material harmony (the same equality of benefits) Cleary

6 Six Heterodox Teachers

(tirthyas) 1. Puranakasyapa

2. Maskari-gosaliputra

3. Sanjaya-vairatiputra

4. Ajita-kesakambala

5. Kakuda-katyayana

6. Nirgrantha-jnatiputra Luk

6 Six Houses and Seven Schools

(liu-chia ch'i-tsung) 1. school of appearances as such

2. school of stored impressions

3. school of illusions

4. school of causal combination

5. school of the nonbeing of the mind

6. school of fundamental nonbeing

7. modified school of fundamental nonbeing

6 Six Levels of Reincarnation

(Karma of Six Courses) 1. as a spirit in hell

2. as a bodiless ghost

3. as an animal

4. as a malevolent spirit

5. as a human

6. as a deva Chung-yuan

6 Six Patriarchs of Zen 1. Bodhidharma (J. Bodaidaruma)

2. Hui-k'o; Dazu Huike (J. Taiso Eka)

3. Seng-ts'an; Jianzhi Sengcan (J. Kanchi Sosan)

4. Tao-hsin; Dayi Daoxin (J. Daii Doshin)

5. Hung-jen; Daman Hongren (J. Daiman Konin)

6. Hui-neng; Dajian Huineng (J. Daikan Eno) Shambhala & Ferguson

6 Six Perceptions (vijnanas)

Six Desires (kamakaya) 1. sight (caksu)

2. ear (srotra)

3. nose (ghrana)

4. tongue (jihva)

5. body; touch (kaya)

6. mind (mano-vijnana) Luck2

6 Six Perfections (paramitas)

of the Sutra on Perfect Wisdom 1. perfect charity (dana)

2. perfect observation of the precepts [discipline] (sila)

3. perfect perseverance (ksanti) [patience; endurance]

4. perfect energy (virya) [zeal and progress]

5. perfect meditation (dhyana)

6. perfect wisdom (prajna) Yuichi & [Luck2]

6 Six Procedures for

Attaining Samatha 1. determining where your mistakes lies; discriminating between good and evil

2. remedies for these mistakes

3. applying the remedies to correct the mistakes

4. from excessive quietude, innocence arises

5. quietude without consciousness leads to innocence; consciousness without quietude leads to discrimination

6. consciousness plus quietude leads to illumination, freeing the mind of discrimination and attachment Chung-yuan

6 Six Propositons of Hua-yen 1. manifesting object within object

2. manifesting subject within subject

3. manifesting object within subject

4. manifesting subject within object

5. manifesting subject and object

6. manifesting object and subject within subject Cleary

6 Six Sense Objects 1. colours and forms

2. sounds

3. odours

4. tastes

5. textures

6. phenomena Soka Gakkai

6 Six Sense Organs

Six Gates 1. eyes

2. ears

3. nose

4. tongue

5. body

6. mind Soka Gakkai

6 Six Supernatural Powers

(sadabhinjna) 1. divine sight

2. divine hearing

3. knowledge of the minds of all beings

4. knowledge of all forms of previous existences of self and others

5. power to appear at will in any place and to have absolute freedom

6. insight into the ending of birth and death Luk4

6 Six Tastes (rokumi) 1. bitter

2. sour

3. sweet

4. hot

5. salty

6. plain Tanahashi

7 Seven Arrogances 1. to think that one is superior to those inferior to oneself and that one is equal to one's equals

2. to think that one is superior to one's equals and equal to those who are superior to oneself

3. to think that one is superior to those superior to oneself

4. to be attached to the self based on the delusion that one's life is a permanent entity

5. to think that one has gained a truth that one has not yet perceived

6. to think that one is not much inferior to those who far surpass oneself

7. to pretend to possess virtue when one lacks virtue Soka Gakkai

7 Seven Articles

(seven possessions of a monk) 1. three robes

2. one bowl

3. incense burner

4. whisk

5. prostration cloth

6. paper bedcloth

7. bathing articles Hori

7 Seven Degrees

of Enlightenment

(sapta-bodhyanga) 1. discerning the true and the false (dharma-pravicaya-sambodhyanga)

2. zeal to practice the Dharma (virya-sambodhyanga)

3. delight in the Dharma (pritisambodhyanga)

4. riddance of all coarseness and weight of body and mind ( prasra-sambodhyanga)

5. power of remembering dhyana and prajna (smrti-sambodhyanga)

6. power to realize singleness of mind (samadhi-sambodhyanga)

7. indifference to, renunciation of, all states (upeksa-sambodhyanga) Luk4

7 Seven Emotions 1. pleasure

2. anger

3. sorrow

4. joy

5. love

6. hate

7. desire Luck2

7 Seven Fundamental Elements 1. fire

2. earth

3. water

4. wind

5. space

6. knowledge

7. perceptibility Luck2

7 Seven Halls

(of a Zen monastery) 1. mountain gate (J. sanmon)

2. buddha hall (J. butsuden)

3. lecture hall (J. hatto)

4. latrine (J. tosu)

5. monks' hall (J. sodo)

6. bath house (J. yokushitusu)

7. kitchen-office (J. kuin)

Hori

7 Seven Items

(characteristics) of a Teacher 1. great capacity and great function

2. swiftness of wit and eloquence

3. wondrous spirituality of speech

4. the active edge to kill or bring life

5. wide learning and broad experience

6. clarity of mirroring awareness

7. freedom to appear or disappear Cleary & Cleary

7 Seven Purities purity in

1. the precepts

2. in heart

3. in views

4. in doubt-discrimination



5. in judgement

6. in intellection

7. in nirvana Luk

7 Seven Riches 1. hearing the Dharma

2. faith

3. discipline

4. meditation

5. zeal and devotion

6. abnegation

7. shame Luk

7 Seven Schools see six houses and seven schools

7 Seven Treasures 1. gold

2. silver

3. lapis lazuli

4. crystal

5. agate

6. rubies or red pearls

7. cornelian Luck2

8 Eight Aspects of

Attaining the Way 1. the future Buddha's descent from the Tusita heaven

2. birth on earth

3. leaving home

4. cultivating ascetic practices

5. conquering demons

6. realizing enlightenment

7. teaching

8. entering final nirvana Cleary

8 Eight Auspicious Symbols (ashtamangala) 1. parasol (symbol of royal dignity)

2. two fish (symbol of the universal monarch)

3. conch shell (symbol of victory in battle)

4. lotus blossom (symbol of purity)

5. vase of sacred water (the nectar of immortality)

6. furled banner (symbol of victory of spirituality)

7. knot of eternity

8. wheel of the Dharma



Shambhala

8 Eight Difficult Situations

(to see the Buddha or hear the Dharma) 1. hell

2. realm of hungry ghosts

3. realm of animals

4. remotest districts

5. heaven of longevity

6. realm of those born before and after the Buddha

7. realm of those with common sense or eloquence

8. realm of the blind, deaf and dumb Tanahashi

8 Eightfold Noble Path 1. correct views (samyagdrsti)

2. correct thought (samyaksamkalpa)

3. correct speech (samyag-vac)

4. correct conduct (samya-karmanta)

5. correct livelihood (samyag-ajiva)

6. correct zeal; effort (samyag-vyayama)

7. correct rememberance of the right Dharma; mindfulness (samyak-smrti)

8. correct meditation (samyak-samadhi) Luk4

8 Eight Liberations

(asta-vimoksa) 1. liberation by examination and realization of the filthiness of all things

2. liberation when no subjectivie desire arises

3. liberation from all desires

4. liberation by realization of the infinity of space

5. liberation in realizing infinite knowledge

6. liberation in realizing nothingness

7. liberation where there is neither thought or no thought

8. liberation by the extinction of sensation (vedana) and conception (sanjna) Luck

8 Eight Negations of Nagarjuna 1. no elimination

2. no production

3. no destruction

4. no eternity

5. no unity

6. no manifoldness

7. no arriving

8. no departing Shambhala

8 Eight Chinese Zen Schools

(not of the "Five Houses") 1. Oxhead School (Niutou Farong)

2. East Mountain School (Dayi Daoxin & Daman Hongren)

3. Northern School (Yuquan Shenxiu)

4. Southern School (Dajian Huineng)

5. Sichuan School (Zizhou Zhishen)

6. Heze School (Heze Shenhui)

7. Hongzhou School (Mazu Daoyi)

8. Hunan School (Shitou Xiqian) Ferguson

8 Eight Mysterious Qualities of the Ocean

(from the Nirvana Sutra) 1. it gradually becomes deeper

2. being deep, its bottom is hard to fathom. Third,

3. its salty taste is the same everywhere

4. its ebb and flow follows certain rules

5. it contains various treasure storehouses

6. creatures of great size exist and dwell in it

7. it refuses to house corpses

8. it takes in all rivers and heavy rainfall without either increasing or decreasing Nichiren

9 Nine Consciousness

(nine vijnana) 1. sight consciousness (chakshur-vijnana )

2. hearing consciousness (shrota-vijnana)

3. smell consciousness (ghrana-vijnana)

4. taste consciousness (jihvavijnana)

5. touch consciousness (kaya-vijnana)

6. mind consciousness (mano-vijnana)

7. mano-consciousness; 'the inner spiritual world' (mano-vijnana)

8. alaya consciousness; 'store-house' consciousness; the 'unconscious' (alaya-vijnana)

9. amala consciousness; fundamental pure consciousness (amala-vijnana) Soka Gakkai

9 Nine Patriarchs of T'ien T'ai 1. Nagarjuna

2. Hui Wen

3.Hui Ssu

4. Chih Che (Chih-i)

5. Kuan Ting

6. Fa Hua

7. T'ien Kung

8. Tso Ch'i

9. Chan Jan Luck2

9 Nine Worlds 1. Bodhisattvas

2. Pratyekas

3. Sravakas

4. devas

5. men

6. asuras

7. animals

8. hungry ghosts

9. denizens of hell Luck2

10 Ten Bodies of Buddhas 1. the body of sentient beings

2. the body of lands

3. the body of rewards of action

4. the body of Buddhist disciples

5. the body of self-enlightened people

6. the body of enlightening beings

7. the body of completely enlightened ones

8. the body of knowledge

9. the body of space

10. the body of reality Cleary

10 Ten Bodies of the

Completely Enlightened Ones 1. the body of enlightenment

2. the body of vows

3. the incarnate body

4. the body of preservation of enlightening teachings

5. the body of adornment with marks of greatness

6. the body of powers

7. the body of adaptation

8. the body of virtues

9. the body of knowledge

10. the body of reality Cleary

10 Ten Bonds 1. shamelessness

2. unblushingness

3. envy

4. meanness

5. regretfulness

6. torpidity

7. unstableness

8. gloominess

9. anger

10. secret sinning Luk

10 Ten Contemplations

(anussati) Contemplations (meditation) on

1. the Enlightened One (Buddha)

2. the teaching (dharma)

3. the community (sangha)

4. discipline (shila)

5. generosity (dana)

6. heavenly beings (deva)

7. death

8. the body

9. the breath (anapanasati)

10. peace Shambhala

10 Ten Concentrations 1. universal light

2. subtle light

3. psychic powers to travel to all lands

4. practice with a pure profound mind

5. knowing the treasury of adornments of the past

6. treasury of light of knowledge

7. knowing the adornments of Buddhas in all worlds

8. different bodies of all living beings

9. cosmic freedom

10. unobstructed wheel Cleary

10 Ten Directions 1. north

2. south

3. east

4. west

5. northeast

6. southeast

7. northwest

8. southwest

9. up

10. down Soka Gakkai

10 Ten Disciples of Hui-neng 1. Fa-hai

2. Chih-ch'eng

3. Fa-ta

4. Chih-ch'ang

5. Chih-t'ung 6. Chih-ch'e

7. Chih-tao

8. Fa-chen

9. Fa-ju

10. Shen-hui Yampolsky

10 Ten Epithets of the Buddha 1. perfect

2. holy one or saint

3. fully enlightened

4. gifted in knowledge

5. well-gone one

6. knower of the worlds

7. unsurpassable teacher of men

8. teacher of gods and men

9. awakened one

10. sublime one Shambhala

10 Ten Fetters

(samyojana) 1. belief in individuality (drishti)

2. scepticism (vichikitsa)

3. clinging to rites and rules

4. craving or desire (trishna, kama)

5. hatred

6. craving for refined corporeality

7. craving for incorporeality

8. conceit

9. excitability

10. ignorance Shambhala

10 Ten Great Disciples of the Buddha 1. Mahakashyapa

2. Ananda

3. Shariputra

4. Subhuti

5. Purna

6. Mahamaudgalyayana

7. Katyayana

8. Aniruddha

9. Upali

10. Rahula Shambhala

10 Ten Names of the Buddha 1. Tathagata

2. Arahat

3. Unsurpassable Enlightened One

4. Holder of True Knowledge and Conduct

5. Well-Arrived One

6. Knower of the World

7. Matchless One

8. Excellent Trainer

9. Teacher of Devas and Humans

10. Buddha, the World-honored One Tanahashi

10 Ten Powers of a Buddha dasatathagatabala to know:

1. what is right and wrong in every situation

2. the retributive effects of past, present and future karmas of every being

3. all stages of dhyana liberation and samadhi

4. the powers and faculties of all beings

5. the desires or moral direction of every being

6. the actual condition of every being

7. the direction and consequences of all laws

8. all causes of morality and good and evil in their reality

9. the end of all beings and nirvana

10. the destruction of all illusion of every kind Luk4

10 Ten Precepts 1. not to kill

2. not to steal

3. not to commit sexual misconduct

4. not to lie

5. not to sell liquor

6. not to speak of the faults of lay or home-leavers

7. not to praise self or disparage others

8. not to hold back teaching or materials

9. not to harbour anger

10. not to slander the three treasures Tanahashi

10 Ten Procedures for

Repentance of Chih-i 1. preparations (for self-inspection?)

2. adorning the sanctuary

3. performing obeisance

4. fixing one's attention (mindfulness)

5. preparing the willow and water

6. inviting the Three Jewels

7. reciting the dharani

8. exposing and confessing (sins)

9. doing prostrations

10. sitting in meditation Stevenson

10 Ten Profound Applications

of Mind 1. purity

2. stability

3. reliquishment

4. freedom from craving

5. nonregression

6. firmness

7. glowing brightness

8. courage

9. broadmindedness

10. magnanimity Cleary

10 Ten Profound States of Mind 1. truthfulness

2. flexibility

3. capability

4. control

5. peacefulness

6. pure goodness

7. nondefilement

8. nonattachment

9. broadmindedness

10. magnanimity Cleary

10 Ten Realms of T'ien-t'ai

(Mo-ho chih-kuan) 1. realm of the five aggregates; the phenomenal realm

2. realm of blind passions

3. realm of illness

4. realm of karmic law

5. realm of demons

6. realm of meditation

7. realm of dogmatic views (about meditation)

8. realm of arrogance and pride

9. realm of two vehicles (rooted in negative emptiness)

10. realm of the bodhisattvas Unno

10 Buddha's Ten Reasons for

Giving a Ruling 1. for the excellence of the sangha

2. for the comfort of the sangha

3. for the restraint of evil-minded men

4. for the ease of well-behaved monks

5. for the control of the contaminations in the here and now

6. for the combattng of the contaminants if future worlds

7. for the benefit of outsiders

8. for the increase in the number of insiders

9. for the establishing of the dhamma

10. for following the rules of discipline Thurman

10 Ten Rules (for bodhisattvas) (dasakusala) 1. not to kill

2. not to steal

3. not to commit adultery

4. not to tell lies

5. not to use harsh words

6. not to utter words causing enmity between people

7. not to engage in idle talk

8. not to be greedy

9. not to be angry

10 not to have wrong views Yuichi

10 Ten Rules (of living) 1. Avoid the path of degredation; foster relations with virtuous people

2. Live in an environment that fosters spiritual practice and good character

3. Learn more about the Dhamma, the precepts and your own trade in depth

4. Take care well of your parents, spouse and children

5. Share time, resources and happiness with others

6. Cultivate virtue; avoid alcohol and gambling

7. Cultivate humility, gratitude and simple living

8. Seek opportunities to be close to monks to study the Way

9. Live a life based on the Four Noble Truths

10. Learn to meditate to end suffering

Singala Sutta

in Singh

10 Tsung-mi's Ten Stages in the Process of Enlightenment 1. sudden enlightenment (sun-wu)

2. resolving to attain enlightenment (fa-hsin)

3. cultivating the five practices (hsiu wu-hsing)

4. spiritual development (k'ai-fa)

5. emptiness of self (wu-k'ung)

6. emptiness of dharma (fa-k'ung)

7. mastery of form (se-tzu-tsai)

8. mastery of mind (hsin-tzu-tsai)

9. freedom from thought (li-nien)

10. attainment of Buddhahood (ch'eng-fo) Gregory3

10 Ten Stages of Development

of a Bodhisattva into

a Buddha (dasabhumi) 1. dry wisdom stage

2. embryo stage of the nature of Buddha truth

3. stage of eight patient endurances

4. freedom from wrong views

5. freedom from six of the nine delusions in practice

6. freedom from the remaining three

7. complete discrimination in regard to wrong views and thoughts

8. pratyekabuddhahood

9. bodhisattvahood

10. Buddhahood Luk3

10 Ten Stages of Bodhisatttvahood (dasabhumisvara) 1. extreme joy

2. purity

3. reflugence

4. flamelike wisdom

5. difficult to conquer



6. presence

7. travelling afar

8. imperturbabililty

9. perfect intellect

10. clouds of truth Cleary

10 Ten Qualities for Those on the Eightfold Path 1. steadfastness

2. sincerity

3. self-respect

4. vigilance

5. seclusion from the world



6. contentment with little

7. simplicity of tastes

8. non-attachment

9. aversion of worldly activities

10. patience Conze

10 Ten Royal Virtues (for Kings) 1. alms-giving (dana)

2. morality (sila)

3. liberality (pariccaga)

4. honesty (ajjava)

5. mildness(maddava) 6. self-restricition (tapas)

7. Non-anger (akkodha)

8. non-violence (avihimsa)

9. patience (khanti)

10. non-offensiveness (avirodhana)

Zimmerman

12 Twelve Divisions (of Mahayana) 1. sutra (prose discourses)

2. geya (verses which repeat the substance of the sutras)

3. gatha (verses of ideas not contained in the sutras)

4. nidana (historical narratives)

5. itivrittaka (past lives of the disciples of the Buddha)

6. jataka (past lives of the Buddha)

7. adbhutadharma (tales of the Buddha's miracles)

8. avadana (allegories)

9. upadesa (discussions of the doctrine)

10. udana (statements by the Buddha not in reply to questions)

11. vaipulya (sutras on broad subjects)

12. vyakarana (prophecies of the Buddha regarding enlightement of his disciples) Chung-Yuan

12 Twelve-Membered Dependent Origination;

Twelve Links of the

Chain of Causation

(pratiya-samutpada) 1.avidya (ignorance)

2. samskara (volition = karman)

3. vijnana (consciousness)

4. nama-rupa (name-form)

5. sadayatana (six organs)

6. sparsa (contact)

7. vedana (feelings)

8. trsna (desire)

9. upadana (attachment)

10. bhava (existence = karman)

11. jati (birth)

12. jara-marana (old age and death) Yuichi

12 Twelve Sense Media the six sense organs or facilities, including cognition

their six associated data fields Cleary

16 Sixteen Defilements of the Jnanaprasthana 1. three fetters (samyojana)

2. three unvirtuous roots (akusalamula)

3. three fluxes (asrava)

4. four floods (ogha)

5. four connections (yoga)

6. four attachments (grahana)

7. four ties to the body (kayagrantha)

8. five hindrances (nivarana)

9. five fetters (samyojana)

10. five fetters of the lower realms (avarabhagiyasamyojana)

11. five fetters of the upper realms (urdhvabhagiyasamyojana) (see Ten Fetters)

12. five views (drsti)

13. six desires (kamakaya)

14. seven contaminants (anusaya)

15. nine fetters (samyojana)

16. ninety-eight contaminants (anusaya) Cox

18 Eighteen Types of Questions of Fen Yang 1. asking for instruction

2. presenting one's understanding

3. investigating and discerning

4. meeting of minds

5. wrapping up (focusing)

6. mental activity

7. seeking out

8. not understanding

9. lifting up 10. posing a question

11. intentional question

12. using things/events

13. real question

14. fabricated question

15. making sure

16. eliciting

17. clarifying

18. silent question Cleary & Cleary

19 Nineteen (Twenty) Confrontations

(of the Platform Sutra) 1. the incorrect and the correct

2. ignorance and wisdom

3. stupidity and knowledge

4. confusion and samadhi

5. following the precepts and not following them

6. straight and crooked

7. real and unreal

8. steep and level

9. passions and enlightenment

10. compassion and harm

11. joy and anger

12. giving and begrudging

13. progressing and retrogressing

14. birth and destruction

15. permanence and impermanence

16. the Dharmakaya and the physical body

17. the Nirmanakaya and the Sambohogakaya

18. substance and function

19. nature and characteristics

(20. sentience and insentience) Yampolsky

28 Twenty-eight Indian

Patriarchs of Zen 1. Mahakashyapa

2. Ananda

3. Shanavasin

4. Upagupta

5. Dhitika

6. Mishaka

7. Vasumitra

8. Buddhanandi

9. Buddhamitra

10. Parshva

11. Punyayasha

12. Anabodhi

13. Kapimala

14. Nagarjuna 15. Kanadeva

16. Rahulabhadra

17. Samghanandi

18. Samghayathata

19. Kumaralata

20. Shayata

21. Vasubandhu

22. Manorata

23. Haklenayasha

24. Simhabodhi

25. Bashashita

26. Punyamitra

27. Prajnadhara

28. Bodhidharma Shambhala