Virginia Rayford, 92, is facing foreclosure on the Washington house she has lived in since 1979. She has fallen behind on the property taxes and insurance for the reverse mortgage she took on the home. (Salwan Georges/The Washington Post)

Concerned about financial losses in a federally insured mortgage program for seniors, the Department of Housing and Urban Development on Tuesday announced plans to adjust premiums and limit financial draws for elderly homeowners taking such loans.

HUD officials said the economic value of the federal reverse-mortgage program, estimated at negative-$7.7 billion last year, is putting at risk the Federal Housing Administration’s entire insurance fund that supports all ­single-family loan programs, including traditional mortgages.

The federal reverse-mortgage program, officially called a home equity conversion mortgage (HECM), has been marked by problems, including a rise in foreclosures, as reported Sunday in The Washington Post. On Tuesday, HUD officials said that if quick fixes aren’t made, the program will require an appropriation from Congress to ensure that the entire insurance fund maintains required reserves.

[More seniors are taking loans against their homes — and it’s costing them]

Home prices and interest rates, among other things, have made the reverse-mortgage program volatile, HUD officials said.

“Fairness dictates that future HECM loans do not adversely impact the overall health of FHA’s insurance fund, which supports the financing needs of younger, mostly first-time homeowners with traditional FHA mortgages,’’ HUD Secretary Ben Carson said in a prepared statement. “We’re taking needed and prudent steps to put the HECM program on a more sustainable footing.”

Reverse-mortgage loans are meant to help seniors age 62 and older “age in place” by giving them cash from the equity in their homes. Borrowers typically receive a line of credit or a loan in a lump sum or in monthly payments. They are allowed to defer payments on the debt until they die, move away or do not meet loan obligations, such as paying property taxes and insurance.

A key change to the program will be how much insurance senior borrowers will need to pay to HUD to obtain loans. They will be required to pay a standard 2 percent upfront insurance fee based on the value of their homes or HUD loan limits. Currently, insurance premiums range from 0.5 percent to 2.5 percent. The change will be offset by a drop in an annual insurance rate of 0.5 percent, reduced from 1.25 percent, officials said.

After Oct. 2, senior borrowers also will face new limits on how much they can borrow from their homes. Currently, limits are based on interest rates and the age of a borrower. Now a 62-year-old with an interest rate of 5 percent for the loan would be able to obtain about 41 percent of the equity in their property, down from 52 percent. An 82-year-old would be able to access 51 percent of the equity, down from nearly 60 percent.

HUD officials said the changes aren’t intended to offset losses from earlier loans, but instead to help improve the insurance fund. Every reverse-mortgage loan is projected to lose money, officials said. A 2016 HUD actuarial report shows that the reverse-mortgage program could balloon to negative$12.5 billion in 2023.

Housing and consumer advocates wondered how the changes would affect a program that has insured more than 1 million borrowers since its inception. Ira Rheingold, executive director of the National Association of Consumer Advocates, worries that needy seniors will find it harder to get help. He said HUD is punishing low-income homeowners for problems that were aggravated by poor federal management. Among the issues, HUD encouraged lenders to help homeowners maximize the sizes of their loans by taking younger spouses off the mortgage documents, leading to foreclosures on widows, he said.

“It’s their own fault for any losses­ they are seeing,’’ he said. “The response is to make it harder for people who need the money to get access to the program.”