You're probably safe. Google fixed the vulnerability in Android 6.0 Marshmallow and beyond, and you're unlikely to run into one of the malicious apps if you stick to downloading from Google Play. Also, Google observes that the apps aren't harvesting data or committing fraud beyond the Google Play ratings. If you're concerned, you can use a web tool from Check Point to verify whether or not Gooligan has abused your account.

The concern, as is frequently the case with Android malware, is that many people will remain at risk. As of this story, Google reports that only 24.3 percent of users it tracks are running sufficiently up to date versions of Android. Also, Google Play isn't always an option -- the Chinese can't use Google Play, for instance, while others may have devices where the store app isn't installed. It may take a long while before enough people are up to date (most likely through new hardware) that malware like Gooligan is no longer effective.