International Review of Scottish Studies explores the Scottish past, Scottish cultures, and traditions from the medieval to the twentieth century. IRSS embraces a wide range of historical methodologies, as well as scholarship in other disciplines that share an historical focus. It publishes original articles based on empirical research and essays that place contemporary Scottish issues in an historical context. IRSS often publishes special features and each issue includes book reviews and/or review essays. International Review of Scottish Studies is the official journal of the Centre for Scottish Studies at the University of Guelph and is published by the Scottish Studies Foundation of Canada.