Yesterday, a sharply divided FCC voted to 3 to 2 to approve new Net Neutrality rules. The vote went down as expected with Democrats voting in favor of rules intended to prevent broadband service providers from blocking content, and Republicans opposed, claiming that such rules are an unjustifiable (and potentially illegal) power grab by the FCC.

The rules were not the hard-and-fast protection of content and Internet access that Net Neutrality advocates wanted to see, but a compromise. They include vaguely-worded wiggle room for broadband pipe owners and sidestepped rules for mobile broadband (3G and 4G). The word "reasonable" is the problem, i.e. the FCC rule regarding blocking content states, "A person engaged in the provision of fixed broadband Internet access service, insofar as such person is so engaged, shall not block lawful content, applications, services, or non-harmful devices, subject to reasonable network management."

Legal experts expect the rules to lead to a whole bunch of lawsuits. No sooner was the vote announced and Republican commissioner, Robert McDowell, released a statement [PDF] that spelled it out: "'Reasonable' is a subjective term. Not only is it perhaps the most litigated word in American history, its definition varies radically from country to country."

Because of that wiggle room, pipe owners including Comcast support the rules, saying they "strike a workable balance." This even though the cable operator is arguably one of the most egregious abusers of net neutrality principles. The latest battle, and perhaps one of the reasons the FCC pushed Net Neutrality onto its 11th hour 2010 agenda, is its fight with Level 3. Hours before the FCC voted, Level 3 issued a public statement to the commission that basically called Comcast a liar. Comcast claims that it is being unfairly used now that Level 3 will be sending a lot more traffic onto the wire thanks to its giant contract from Netflix. It contends it should be able to send Level 3 a big-fat bill for using its pipes, or to be able to throttle back on Level 3's access. Comcast, responded by saying Level 3 was the liar.

Will the new rules solve the battle and make Comcast leave Netflix traffic alone? First off, there is the likely scenario of a court battle to see if the FCC really has the authority to impose them. Remember, in April, an appellate court struck down the FCC's ruling in Comcast Corp. v. FCC, saying the "FCC lacked the authority to regulate the network-management policies of Internet service providers," notes Legal Times. Ergo, legal precedent exists to back McDowell's words of warning.

At stake is $246 billion of revenue from residential video, voice, and Internet services in 2010, reports Infonetics Research . Subscribers are not growing for the broadband providers while Netflix and Hulu Plus are growing like gangbusters. "Video services are proving to be a hard fought battle," notes Diane Myers, an analyst for Infonetics. "While cable operators have a legacy in North America, they have been unbending in their pricing policies, and as a result are losing record number of subscribers to less expensive alternatives."

Here are the three basic rules that the FCC adopted per its press release yesterday [link: Word document].