This post is part of a new blog series about database migrations, which will cover a variety of database change management topics. In the near future, we’ll look much more into these topics, hoping to add more value to our users’ existing Flyway, Liquibase, and other integrations where the migration tools can profit a lot from jOOQ’s most recent features, including the parser.

Embracing Liquibase in the next jOOQ versions

In jOOQ 3.13, we’re going to offer a better integration for those users who use Liquibase for database change management. Our existing DDLDatabase parses, translates, and simulates a DDL script based migration against an in-memory H2 database instance.

This is using our built-in SQL translation functionality (test it on our website here: https://www.jooq.org/translate) to translate this Oracle SQL:

create table t (v varchar2(100))

to this H2 SQL:

create table t (v varchar(100))

That’s just a trivial example. More sophisticated translations are possible too. The main purpose of doing this has been, historically, to offer an “offline” jOOQ source code generation step that does not require connecting to an actual Oracle database instance to reverse engineer your schema, which you can represent in form of SQL migration scripts, which you’d typically run with something like Flyway.

In the future, we’ll add more features around this. One thing we’ve been thinking about has been to allow for translating Flyway migrations to other dialects, to make them vendor agnostic.

Simulating Liquibase migrations

Flyway and Liquibase work in quite a similar fashion, with Liquibase offering an additional abstraction layer over the SQL language. While pure SQL migrations are also possible with Liquibase’s SQL change, Liquibase also offers a set of mostly low level DDL command abstractions, such as the ADD COLUMN change.

Using their XML based DSL, you don’t have to remember whether the command is called:

alter table t add i int; alter table t add column i int;

Or whatever creative syntax your SQL vendor came up with. Notice that, again, you can achieve the same thing with jOOQ’s translator, which you can use as an API or command line interface

Now, assuming you have the following liquibase database change log:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <databaseChangeLog xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-3.8.xsd"> <changeSet author="authorName" id="changelog-1.0"> <createTable tableName="TAB"> <column name="COL" type="VARCHAR(10)"> <constraints nullable="true" primaryKey="false" unique="false" /> </column> </createTable> </changeSet> </databaseChangeLog>

And now, you would like to check if it is correct, i.e. if you can ship it to production as it is. Just create an in-memory H2 connection, and run the file against it:

Properties info = new Properties(); info.put("user", "sa"); info.put("password", ""); try (Connection con = new org.h2.Driver() .connect("jdbc:h2:mem:db", info)) { Database database = DatabaseFactory.getInstance() .findCorrectDatabaseImplementation(new JdbcConnection(con)); Liquibase liquibase = new Liquibase("/path/to/liquibase.xml", new FileSystemResourceAccessor(), database); liquibase.update(""); }

To check, just repeat the table definition a second time

<createTable tableName="TAB"> <column name="COL" type="VARCHAR(10)"> <constraints nullable="true" primaryKey="false" unique="false" /> </column> </createTable> <createTable tableName="TAB"> <column name="COL" type="VARCHAR(10)"> <constraints nullable="true" primaryKey="false" unique="false" /> </column> </createTable>

and see how H2 complains about the statement:

Table "TAB" already exists; SQL statement: CREATE TABLE PUBLIC.TAB (COL CLOB) [42101-200] [Failed SQL: (42101) CREATE TABLE PUBLIC.TAB (COL CLOB)] at liquibase.changelog.ChangeSet.execute(ChangeSet.java:646) at liquibase.changelog.visitor.UpdateVisitor.visit(UpdateVisitor.java:53) at liquibase.changelog.ChangeLogIterator.run(ChangeLogIterator.java:83) at liquibase.Liquibase.update(Liquibase.java:202) at liquibase.Liquibase.update(Liquibase.java:179) at liquibase.Liquibase.update(Liquibase.java:175) at liquibase.Liquibase.update(Liquibase.java:168) at LB.main(LB.java:21)

Using jOOQ’s tool chain to create schema snapshots

Want to export the schema again as DDL? Very easy, just use jOOQ for the task. For example, you can write the following Java code right after the above Liquibase migration simulation:

DSLContext ctx = DSL.using(connection); ctx.ddl(ctx.meta().getSchemas("PUBLIC").get(0)) .forEach(System.out::println);

And you can get, in H2 syntax (omitting the liquibase tables):

create table "PUBLIC"."TAB"( "COL" varchar(10) null )

Want to export this to Oracle, instead? And using a custom schema, instead of H2’s PUBLIC? Write this instead:

DSLContext h2 = DSL.using(connection); DSLContext oracle = DSL.using(ORACLE, new Settings() .withRenderMapping(new RenderMapping() .withSchemata(new MappedSchema() .withInput("PUBLIC") .withOutput("MY_SCHEMA")))); oracle.ddl(h2.meta().getSchemas("PUBLIC").get(0)) .forEach(System.out::println);

And now, we’re getting:

create table "MY_SCHEMA"."TAB"( "COL" varchar2(10) null )

(notice, this works once #9384 is fixed).

Prefer an XML representation of your schema snapshot? Easy with jOOQ, as well:

DSLContext ctx = DSL.using(connection); JAXB.marshal(ctx.informationSchema( ctx.meta().getSchemas("PUBLIC").get(0) ), System.out);

The output being:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> <information_schema xmlns="http://www.jooq.org/xsd/jooq-meta-3.12.0.xsd"> <schemata> <schema> <schema_name>PUBLIC</schema_name> <comment></comment> </schema> </schemata> <tables> <table> <table_schema>PUBLIC</table_schema> <table_name>TAB</table_name> <comment></comment> </table> </tables> <columns> <column> <table_schema>PUBLIC</table_schema> <table_name>TAB</table_name> <column_name>COL</column_name> <data_type>varchar</data_type> <character_maximum_length>10</character_maximum_length> <ordinal_position>1</ordinal_position> <is_nullable>true</is_nullable> <column_default></column_default> <comment></comment> </column> </columns> </information_schema>

A useful file that can be put under version control with your current commit set of database change set to validate your schema, or export to other tools that can reverse engineer DDL or XML.

Using Liquibase migrations as jOOQ code generation input

Just like the pre-existing DDLDatabase , starting from jOOQ 3.13, you can simulate your Liquibase migration in-memory against an H2 database to reverse engineer it again for jOOQ’s code generator. This is documented here.

The relevant code generation configuration looks like this (standalone or with maven):

<configuration> <generator> <database> <name>org.jooq.meta.extensions.liquibase.LiquibaseDatabase</name> <properties> <property> <key>scripts</key> <value>src/main/resources/database.xml</value> </property> </properties> </database> </generator> </configuration>

That’s it! As a bonus, you won’t have to manually simulate your migration anymore, as jOOQ’s LiquibaseDatabase already does it for you, behind the scenes, using the same three lines of code:

Database database = DatabaseFactory.getInstance() .findCorrectDatabaseImplementation(new JdbcConnection(con)); Liquibase liquibase = new Liquibase("/path/to/liquibase.xml", new FileSystemResourceAccessor(), database); liquibase.update("");

Stay tuned for more goodies on the topic of SQL migrations and database change management