Activists were calling on Pope Francis to speak out for the Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine state as he arrived in Burma on Monday, as part of a state visit to that country and Bangladesh which was organised before the latest violence began.

Human Rights Watch told The Independent the pontiff must "express the outrage of the international community" during his stay in the capital Yangon.

But other advisers, including a Burmese Catholic cardinal and former UN chief Kofi Annan, warned Pope Francis against even using the word "Rohingya" in the presence of his hosts.

The Burmese government refers to the Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine, hundreds of thousands of whom have fled the country citing a campaign of persecution, as "Bengalis" - painting them as illegal immigrants.

Rohingya is "a very contested term, and the military and government and the public would not like him to express it,” Burmese Cardinal Charles Maung Bo said earlier this month, following a meeting with Pope Francis.

Catholics inside the country have also expressed concern about a backlash. “Like other people, I’m afraid of what he will say about Rakhine state,” a priest called Father Paul said. “I don’t think he will say anything.”

Mr Annan, who headed a commission of inquiry into the Rakhine persecutions, said using the term could be “incendiary”.

“The word is so emotional,” he said.

However, Pope Francis has already used the word: in one of his weekly addresses in February, the pontiff said he wanted people to pray “particularly for our Rohingya brothers and sisters”.

“They have been thrown out of Burma, moved from one place to another because no one wants them. But they are good people, peaceful people,” he said. “They are our brothers and sisters. For years they have suffered, they have been tortured and killed simply because they practice their own traditions, their own Muslim faith.”

Last week, Vatican spokesman Greg Burke refused to confirm whether Pope Francis would utter “Rohingya” during his trip, adding that it’s “not a prohibited word”.

“Let’s just say it’s very interesting diplomatically,” he told reporters.

The UN dubbed the Rohingya “the most oppressed people on Earth” even before the latest military offensive began in August. More than 600,000 have fled to refugee camps in Bangladesh over the past three months.

Last week, the US labelled the ongoing violence against the Rohingya “ethnic cleansing”.

Considering the scale of the violence and displacement faced by the minority group, Phil Robertson, deputy Asia director for Human Rights Watch, told The Independent he believes the pontiff should make a point of using the word Rohingya.

“[He] should express the outrage of the international community and all people of faith about the brutal ethnic cleansing campaign against the Muslim Rohingya of Rakhine state, and make a point of using the word Rohingya to maintain faith with those long-suffering people who the Burmese government refuses to allow citizenship or the right of self-identification.”

Rohingya refugees – in pictures Show all 15 1 /15 Rohingya refugees – in pictures Rohingya refugees – in pictures A young girl and a baby wade through mud after arriving in Whaikhyang, Bangladesh from Burma on 10 September Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Rohingya refugees – in pictures Rohingya refugees walk through a camp in Whaikhyang, Bangladesh after arriving from Burma Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Rohingya refugees – in pictures A young Rohingya refugee gathers firewood after arriving in Whaikhyang, Bangladesh from Burma Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Rohingya refugees – in pictures Rohingya refugees wait for sacks of rice to be distributed in Whaikhyang, Bangladesh Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Rohingya refugees – in pictures Rohingya Muslim refugees arrive on a boat in Whaikhyang, Bangladesh after crossing from Burma on 8 September Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Rohingya refugees – in pictures Rohingya Muslim refugees react after being re-united with each other after arriving in Whaikhyang, Bangladesh on a boat from Burma Getty Rohingya refugees – in pictures Rohingya Muslim refugees walk along the remains of a road after arriving in Whaikhyang, Bangladesh on a boat from Burma Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Rohingya refugees – in pictures Rohingya Muslim refugees wade through water after arriving in Whaikhyang, Bangladesh by boat from Burma Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Rohingya refugees – in pictures Rohingya Muslim refugees wade through water after arriving in Whaikhyang, Bangladesh by boat from Myanmar Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Rohingya refugees – in pictures Rohingya Muslim refugees stand in the rain after arriving in Whaikhyang, Bangladesh by boat from Burma Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Rohingya refugees – in pictures Indian children hold placards and shout slogans during a protest against the alleged persecution of the Rohingya Muslims in Burma EPA/Raminder Pal Singh Rohingya refugees – in pictures Supporters of the Difa-e-Pakistan Council (DPC), an Islamic organisation, listen to their leaders' speeches against Burma's persecution of Rohingya Muslims, during a demonstration in Karachi Reuters/Akhtar Soomro Rohingya refugees – in pictures Hundreds of Iranians take part in a protest against violence in Myanmar after weekly Friday prayers, in Tehran EPA/Abedin Taherkenareh Rohingya refugees – in pictures Indonesian Muslim activists hold placards and shout slogans during a protest against the alleged persecution of the Rohingya minority in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia EPA/Ali Lutfi Rohingya refugees – in pictures Members of an Islamic organisation shout slogans against the Burma government during a protest in Dhaka, Bangladesh EPA

Mr Robertson also called for the pontiff to speak out against Burmese laws which allow discrimination towards Christians.

“[He should] press the government to repeal the four so-called ‘race and religion’ laws that enshrine discrimination on the basis of religion in marriage and family matters, and mandates intrusive government oversight of persons seeking to convert to another religion.”

Just over one per cent of Burma’s 53 million people are Catholic. Though they are not persecuted like the Rohingya Muslims, Christians still face discrimination in mostly Buddhist Burma.

“To be honest, if you are a Christian in this country, you will never get promoted,” Reverend Mariano Soe Naing, a spokesman for Burma’s Bishops’ Conference, told the Associated Press.

“There are no Catholics in the government administration or in any significant leadership positions.”

While in Burma, Pope Francis is scheduled to hold a mass in a stadium in Yangon, spend time with Buddhist leaders and meet Burma’s de facto leader Aung San Suu Kyi and president Htin Kyaw.

The pontiff will also be introduced to Min Aung Hlaing, Myanmar’s commander-in-chief and the man responsible for the military operation in Rakhine state.