Our world is made of information that competes for our attention.

What is necessary? What is not?

When we design products, we aim to choose the best position for user interface components, placing the most important ones in the most accessible places on the screen.

Equally important is the design of communication. How many are notifications are necessary? How and when should they be displayed? To answer this, we can be inspired by the principles of calm technology.1

Principles of Calm Technology Technology should require the smallest possible amount of attention Technology can communicate, but doesn’t need to speak. Create ambient awareness through different senses. Communicate information without taking the wearer out of their environment or task. Technology should inform and create calm A person's primary task should not be computing, but being human. Give people what they need to solve their problem, and nothing more. Technology should make use of the periphery A calm technology will move easily from the periphery of our attention, to the center, and back. The periphery is informing without overburdening. Technology should amplify the best of technology and the best of humanity Design for people first. Machines shouldn't act like humans. Humans shouldn't act like machines. Amplify the best part of each. Technology can communicate, but doesn’t need to speak Does your product need to rely on voice, or can it use a different communication method? Consider how your technology communicates status. Technology should work even when it fails Think about what happens if your technology fails. Does it default to a usable state or does it break down completely? The right amount of technology is the minimum needed to solve the problem What is the minimum amount of technology needed to solve the problem? Slim the feature set down so that the product does what it needs to do and no more. Technology should respect social norms Technology takes time to introduce to humanity. What social norms exist that your technology might violate or cause stress on? Slowly introduce features so that people have time to get accustomed to the product.

Examples Tea Kettle If a technology works well, we can ignore it most of the time. A teapot tells us when it is ready, and is off or quiet the rest of the time. A tea kettle can be set and forgotten, until it sings. It does not draw constant attention to itself until necessary. Inner Office Window An inner office window provides an understanding of whether someone is busy or not without the need to interrupt them. Jawbone Up The Jawbone Up has a single button and a colored status light. The device can be set to buzz after a short nap or at the optimium sleep cycle for a good night of sleep. Jawbone tracks movement in the background without requiring additional action from the wearer. The device syncs to the user's phone through the audio jack and gives a summary of the wearer's individual day in sleep and physical activity. Lavatory Sign This simple display easily allows one to see whether the restroom on a plane is occupied or not. The message is universal and requires no translation. Roomba Vacuum Cleaner Roomba doesn't have a spoken language, just simple tones. This tone-based language makes it easy for anyone to understand what Roomba is saying, and elimates the need to translate the tone into many different languages. Roomba chirps happily when a task is finished. When Roomba gets stuck or needs cleaning, the device emits a somber tone. Orange and green status lights are secondary display that help communicate status in an unambiguous way. Sleep Cycle Sleep Cycle is a mobile application that monitors your sleep and allows you to track times of deep sleep and REM. Set an alarm and Sleep Cycle will wake you up before the time at the best place in your sleep cycle with a soft noise or buzz. Because the haptic alert occurs under your pillow, you can configure it so that you can wake up without anyone else being affected by the alarm. SleepCycle rewards users with a sleep score, detailing how well they slept that night. Smart Badge A smart badge is simple. Smart badges are small, wearable technologies that don't require a charger, user interface or operating system. Simply touch a provisioned smart badge to a door or elevator panel and you'll easily gain access. Calm Communication Haptic Alert Touch has a high resolution of human sensation. Information can be conveyed with no visual or auditory requirement. Use haptics or touch to inform someone of important information. Many people set their phones to buzz, but other products such as the LUMOBack Smart Posture Sensor buzzes you when you exhibit poor posture. Trend Graph A good trend graph is all about making the formerly invisible visible. The Sleep Cycle app graphs sleep over time, compressing that long term data into an easily accessible format. Be patient: good data may a long time to collect, but it is well worth the wait! Displaying data in a elegant way is one of the most important aspects of trend graphs. Elegance is about information and comprehension, not just visual appearance. Status Light Status lights are farily common on video cameras. A device is active when the red 'record' light is on. Status lights can be used for more than just recording. Our daily travels are mediated by the simple colors of traffic lights. A light that shows the weather is far more calm than a weather ssystem that constantly calls attention to itself. Think about how to use different colors of light to inform and encalm in your products. Status Tone A status tone is a quick way for a device to let a person know whether it needs attention or not. Products that have a positive tones upon completion, or negative tones when stuck are more likely to be helped by their human owners. Status Shout A Status Shout is similar to a Status Tone but can be much louder and more urgent. Status Shouts should be reserved for very important information. Smoke alarms, tea kettles and microwaves all use shouts to alert people to their status. Ambulances use Status Shouts to alert people to make way for an emergency. Tornado warnings shout: "take cover!" Popup Popup alerts are perhaps the most common form of alert, but they can quickly overwhelm people when not used correctly. Alerts should be used when deleting important pieces of content, for an emergency, or when someone has specifically opted into a piece of content or stream. Otherwise, try to think of ways to alert a person using the other senses. Timed Trigger A simple status light on a timer can make for a calm and informative notifier. An orange light that turns on at sundown or reminds you to brush your teeth. Delay Use a delay or interrupt during a change of state. For example, when the headphones of an iPhone become disconnected, the music player automatically pauses the music.