JERUSALEM—Israel will deploy more soldiers to Jerusalem and the occupied West Bank after a pair of stabbing attacks against Jewish citizens, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Sunday, a move that risks exacerbating weeks of violence between Palestinians and Israelis.

Following an emergency meeting of security and military advisers, Mr. Netanyahu said Israel would also increase administrative detentions of Palestinians and demolish the homes of terrorists that had attacked Israelis in recent days.

“We’re...