Effectively or not, Israel, its military, police, security services and judiciary are now facing up to what the authorities say they view as an increasingly dangerous challenge coming from an apparently ragtag band of several dozen firebrands, many of them still in their teens.

The Shin Bet first drew attention to what it described as an “ideological infrastructure” led by Mr. Ettinger in July, when it announced the arrest of five people suspected of involvement in the June 18 arson attack that damaged the Church of the Multiplication at a revered Christian holy site on the shores of the Sea of Galilee. Some of the five, including Mr. Meyer and one unnamed minor, were also accused of involvement in additional hate crimes against Palestinians and their property.

The document calling for mutiny, written in colloquial Hebrew, was found in the possession of a member of the group during the investigation of the church arson, according to Shin Bet officials. Comparing the state that was founded on Zionism to a leaky building with shaky foundations, the authors point to many “weak points” in the structure and say, “What we will do is simply ‘ignite’ all those barrels of explosives, all the questions and contradictions between Judaism and democracy.” The mission, it said, also called for “personal sacrifice.”

That document was followed by a how-to manual that provided clear instructions on how to set fire to, say, a mosque or a Palestinian house.

This latest generation of Jewish militants is said to be an outgrowth of the so-called hilltop youth who pioneered the aggressive Price Tag doctrine, which calls on settlers and their supporters to exact revenge for any army or police acts against unauthorized building in the settlement outposts.

Many of them are said to be school dropouts who are not drafted into the army, like most Israeli 18-year-olds, but wander from unauthorized outpost to outpost, living on the fringes of society and answering to no parental or rabbinical authority. They typically remain silent in interrogations and have devised techniques like leaving their cellphones with friends and having them make calls from them in order to create false alibis, according to a report in the newspaper Haaretz.

“They want the Messiah to come, to bring back the Kingdom of Israel, like in the days of King David, to rebuild the temple and to drive out all idolaters, meaning Muslims and Christians,” said Lior Akerman, a former Shin Bet officer.