HANOI (BLOOMBERG) - Vietnam flattened its coronavirus infection curve with a sledgehammer, and after some early success, it's now starting to open up its economy again.

When two visitors from neighbouring China emerged as Vietnam's first cases in late January, the Communist Party-led government began imposing controls that would have been difficult in many democratic countries. Over subsequent weeks, it banned virtually all domestic and international flights, ordered pharmacies to report customers buying cold medicine and quarantined more than 100,000 people in military camps, hotels and closely monitored homes.

Mr Nguyen Duc Hieu, a 22-year-old student, was forced into quarantine when he returned from London in late March. En route to Ho Chi Minh City, the pilot informed passengers the plane was being diverted to the Mekong Delta because all quarantine facilities in the nation's commercial hub were full.

Passengers were then herded into military vehicles, driven to a military school that had been converted into a quarantine camp and kept there for more than two weeks.

"We had six to eight people in a room with bunk beds and military blankets," Mr Hieu said. "We were provided some personal stuff at the camp, like a toothbrush, toothpaste, pillow and a mosquito net. Although it was uncomfortable, I think it was necessary."

ZERO DEATHS

The crackdown appears to have paid off. With just 270 infections and no official virus-related deaths, Vietnam is easing lockdown rules in most of the country, allowing some businesses to reopen.

There's some scepticism over the low infection numbers, given the limited testing in the population. By April 21, Vietnam had tested about 1,881 per million people, compared with about 14,500 in Singapore. Still, Vietnam's approach has won praise from bodies such as the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organisation, and its outbreak stands in contrast to nearby Singapore and Indonesia, where restrictions are being extended as cases continue to spike.

"Vietnam had to deal with Sars, the bird flu and various financial crises," said Mr Fred Burke, managing partner at the Baker McKenzie law firm in Ho Chi Minh City, who advises the government on foreign investment rules. "They've learned they need to act fast and thoroughly."

TRADE-WAR WINNER

Vietnam was already a favoured location for foreign investors looking for an alternative manufacturing hub to China following escalating trade tensions between the United States and the world's second-largest economy.

The government's goal is now to build on that momentum. Pledged foreign direct investment rose 7.2 per cent last year, with US$24.6 billion (S$35 billion) flowing into manufacturing, according to the Ministry of Planning and Investment. That helped spur economic growth to 7.02 per cent, the second-fastest pace since 2007.

The virus' impact on China - already seen by many foreign companies as getting more expensive with an ageing population - makes Vietnam look even more attractive to businesses, said Mr Vu Tu Thanh, senior Vietnam representative of the US-Asean Business Council.

A survey of some of the group's corporate members indicates they're still re-evaluating their positions in China, Mr Thanh said.

RISKS REMAIN

Japan, Vietnam's second-largest investor in the first quarter with US$848 million, announced earlier this month that it was earmarking US$2.2 billion of its economic stimulus package to encourage manufacturers to shift production out of China. Vietnam is sure to benefit, said Mr Burke, who's a member of a government council advising on reforms to foreign investment administrative procedures.

The government allowed some companies to continue operating if they put in place social distancing rules. Officials also stepped up efforts to make government processes, such as investment license applications, easier, he said.

Samsung Electronics Co was allowed to shuttle in more than 1,000 engineers from South Korea, an accommodation of one of Vietnam's largest investors that makes about half of its smartphones in factories north of Hanoi. Most served mandatory 14-day quarantines in four-star hotels - not in military camps - while some were permitted into factories a few days after landing.

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To be sure, Vietnam isn't out of the woods yet. Deputy Prime Minister Vu Duc Dam, who chairs the National Steering Committee on Coronavirus Prevention and Control, cautioned last Friday (April 24) that the nation remains at risk for a major outbreak.

It must also brace for a prolonged slump in global demand, with many months before factories can start ramping up orders for everything from Nike shoes to LG Electronics home appliances.

Vietnam's heavy reliance on exports - which amount to more than 100 per cent of GDP, according to World Bank data - means growth has already taken a knock in the first quarter, slowing to 3.82 per cent. The International Monetary Fund is projecting it could weaken to 2.7 per cent for the full year.

The easing of restrictions also doesn't mean that life will return to normal.

"For starters, the lockdown isn't being lifted altogether," said Mr Gareth Leather, an economist at Capital Economics in London, who's predicting a contraction in GDP this year. "What's more, people won't return to their pre-crisis habits straight away. Fear of catching the virus means that people will continue to practice social distancing for quite some time."

The cost to many of the nation's 96 million citizens is exemplified by kilometre-long queues at free "rice ATMs" - semi-automated distribution centres offering free rice to furloughed and laid-off workers.

The government believes its severe moves to blunt the virus ultimately saved the economy from more pain. "They've shown they've got a deep sophistication in how they handle problems," said Mr Adam McCarty, chief economist with Mekong Economics in Hanoi.